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msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1451640254#0_3086717266 | Title: Different Types of Motivation Theories - Meaning and Definition
Headings: Different Types of Motivation Theories – Meaning and Definition
Different Types of Motivation Theories – Meaning and Definition
Page Contents
Different Types of Motivation Theories
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory
The hierarchy is shown below:
Douglas Mc Gergor’s X & Y Theory
Mc Gergor’s espoused his famous X-Theory which conceives of the following:
His famous Y-Theory which conceives of the following:
Motivation Hygiene Theory
Factors of satisfaction are:
Factors of dissatisfaction or hygiene factors:
Motivation Theories: ERG (Existence, Recognition, Growth) Theory
Different Types of Motivation Theories
Three Needs Theory
Goal-Setting Theory
Reinforcement Theory
Equity Theory
Expectancy Theory
Ability & Opportunity vs. Motivation
Influence of motivation on productivity:
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Content: Different Types of Motivation Theories - Meaning and Definition
Different Types of Motivation Theories – Meaning and Definition
Different Types of Motivation Theories: Some of the most important theories of motivation are as follows: Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory
Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory
McClelland’s Need Theory and others. From the beginning modern, when human organizations were established, various scholars have tried to find out the ways to what motivates people to work. Different approaches applied by them have resulted in a number of theories concerning motivation. These are discussed in brief in that order. Page Contents
Different Types of Motivation Theories
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory
Douglas Mc Gergor’s X & Y Theory
Motivation Hygiene Theory
Motivation Theories: ERG (Existence, Recognition, Growth) Theory
Different Types of Motivation Theories
Three Needs Theory
Goal-Setting Theory
Reinforcement Theory
Equity Theory
Expectancy Theory
Influence of motivation on productivity: Different Types of Motivation Theories
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory
Abraham Maslow first postulated that motivation of employees at the workplace generally depends on the satisfaction of their needs in order of hierarchy i.e. from the lower level to higher level of needs. The hierarchy is shown below: | https://www.bbalectures.com/different-types-motivation-theories/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1458740543#0_3104243138 | Title: Five teens who changed the world - BBC Three
Headings: Five teens who changed the world
Five teens who changed the world
These young people know how to get things done
Greta Thunberg
Malala Yousafzai
Emma González
Jack Andraka
Amika George
Content: Five teens who changed the world - BBC Three
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Five teens who changed the world
These young people know how to get things done
Harvey Day 24 April 2019
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Too often, teens are lazily thought of as apathetic and self-centred. But a new generation of young activists has proved that many teenagers are, in fact, deeply concerned with social, political and environmental issues - and they’re fully prepared to do something about them. Chief among them is 16-year-old environmental activist Greta Thunberg, who has urged British politicians to "listen to the scientists" regarding climate change, while speaking on BBC Radio 4's Today programme. Here are five inspirational people who've had a massive impact on the world in their teen years. Greta Thunberg
Born in 2003, this Swedish teen activist has become a leading voice for climate change activism. Looks like this post is no longer available from its original source. It might've been taken down or had its privacy settings changed." In 2018, she came up with the idea for the school strike movement after staging her first, solitary, protest in August on the steps of the Swedish parliament in Stockholm. Since then, more than one million students have joined her by walking out of their classrooms to protest against climate change inaction. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/0e9e80de-62cb-4782-a26f-1cd480d28f26 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1461267090#0_3109408722 | Title: Factors affecting photosynthesis - carbon dioxide and temperature - Photosynthesis - Edexcel - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Factors affecting photosynthesis - carbon dioxide and temperature
Photosynthesis
Factors affecting photosynthesis - carbon dioxide and temperature
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
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Content: Factors affecting photosynthesis - carbon dioxide and temperature - Photosynthesis - Edexcel - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize
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Photosynthesis
Green plants and algae use light energy to make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity can affect the rate of photosynthesis. Part of
Biology (Single Science)
Plant structures and their functions
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Factors affecting photosynthesis - carbon dioxide and temperature
Carbon dioxide concentration
Carbon dioxide is one of the reactants in photosynthesis. If the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased, the rate of photosynthesis will therefore increase. At some point, another factor may become limiting and this is shown by the plateau (flattened section) of the graph. Temperature
The chemical reactions involved in photosynthesis are controlled by enzymes. As with any other enzyme-controlled reaction, the rate of photosynthesis is affected by temperature. At low temperatures, the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the number of collisions between enzymes and substrate. As temperature increases the number of collisions increases, therefore the rate of photosynthesis increases. However, at high temperatures, enzymes are denatured and this will decrease the rate of photosynthesis. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8c6gdm/revision/3 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1461429232#0_3109709037 | Title: Limiting factors - Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA) - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - CCEA - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Limiting factors
Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA)
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Limiting factors
Light
Carbon dioxide
Temperature
Commercial growth
Content: Limiting factors - Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA) - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - CCEA - BBC Bitesize
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Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA)
Green plants absorb light in their leaves and convert it to energy by photosynthesis. Part of
Biology (Single Science)
Living processes
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Limiting factors
The rate of photosynthesis depends on temperature and the availability of light and carbon dioxide. If photosynthesis is to happen at its maximum rate, all environmental factors must be present at the optimum levels. If one or more factors are in short supply, the rate of photosynthesis will be limited. These factors are then limiting factors and the rate of photosynthesis will be determined by the factor that is in shortest supply. Light
As light intensity increases so too does the rate of photosynthesis until a certain point where the graph levels off. At lower light intensities, light is the limiting factor because an increase in light causes an increase in photosynthesis. At higher light intensities (plateau of graph), further increasing the light intensity does not increase the rate of photosynthesis meaning that another factor is limiting photosynthesis. On a hot day, photosynthesis happens at a higher rate when compared to the cooler day, showing that temperature has an effect and is the limiting factor on a cooler day. An increased level of carbon dioxide leads to a higher rate of photosynthesis when compared to the lower carbon dioxide level. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8kkrwx/revision/5 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1461429232#1_3109711312 | Title: Limiting factors - Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA) - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - CCEA - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Limiting factors
Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA)
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Limiting factors
Light
Carbon dioxide
Temperature
Commercial growth
Content: Light
As light intensity increases so too does the rate of photosynthesis until a certain point where the graph levels off. At lower light intensities, light is the limiting factor because an increase in light causes an increase in photosynthesis. At higher light intensities (plateau of graph), further increasing the light intensity does not increase the rate of photosynthesis meaning that another factor is limiting photosynthesis. On a hot day, photosynthesis happens at a higher rate when compared to the cooler day, showing that temperature has an effect and is the limiting factor on a cooler day. An increased level of carbon dioxide leads to a higher rate of photosynthesis when compared to the lower carbon dioxide level. This shows that the carbon dioxide level has an effect and is now limiting the rate of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide
As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, so too does the rate of photosynthesis until a certain point where the graph levels off. At lower carbon dioxide concentrations carbon dioxide is the limiting factor because an increase in carbon dioxide causes an increase in photosynthesis. At higher carbon dioxide concentrations (plateau of graph), further increasing the carbon dioxide concentration does not increase the rate of photosynthesis meaning another factor is limiting photosynthesis. Temperature
Temperature affects all reactions because an increase in temperature causes the molecules involved to gain kinetic energy and therefore react more frequently. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8kkrwx/revision/5 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1461429232#2_3109713294 | Title: Limiting factors - Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA) - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - CCEA - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Limiting factors
Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA)
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Limiting factors
Light
Carbon dioxide
Temperature
Commercial growth
Content: This shows that the carbon dioxide level has an effect and is now limiting the rate of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide
As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, so too does the rate of photosynthesis until a certain point where the graph levels off. At lower carbon dioxide concentrations carbon dioxide is the limiting factor because an increase in carbon dioxide causes an increase in photosynthesis. At higher carbon dioxide concentrations (plateau of graph), further increasing the carbon dioxide concentration does not increase the rate of photosynthesis meaning another factor is limiting photosynthesis. Temperature
Temperature affects all reactions because an increase in temperature causes the molecules involved to gain kinetic energy and therefore react more frequently. However, a very high temperature can denature the enzymes involved in these reactions, reducing or even stopping the reaction completely. Commercial growth
When growing crops it is important to reduce these limiting factors to increase the rate of crop growth and increase profits. previous
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1461599741#0_3110011335 | Title: The economic impact of World War One - Weimar Germany, 1918-1924 - AQA - GCSE History Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
Headings: The economic impact of World War One
Weimar Germany, 1918-1924
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The economic impact of World War One
The terms of the Treaty of Versailles
French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr
Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation winners:
Hyperinflation losers:
Content: The economic impact of World War One - Weimar Germany, 1918-1924 - AQA - GCSE History Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
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Weimar Germany, 1918-1924
Defeat in 1918 led to the Kaiser’s abdication, a republic and a new constitution. The new Germany faced huge problems up to 1924, not least those caused by its punishment in the Treaty of Versailles. Part of
History
Germany
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The economic impact of World War One
In early 1919 the victorious Allies met to discuss how to punish Germany and on 28 June 1919 the new German government was forced to sign a peace settlement called the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty blamed Germany for the war and punished her militarily, territorially and financially. This impacted enormously on the German economy and led to an economic crisis in 1923. The terms of the Treaty of Versailles
The main terms of the treaty were as follows (remember BRAT): Blame - Germany was forced to accept the blame for starting the war under article 231 of the treaty, known as the War Guilt Clause. Reparations - Germany was to be made to pay for the damage suffered by Britain and France during the war. In 1922 the amount to be paid was set at £6.6 billion. Armed Forces - Germany’s army and navy were significantly reduced in size and its air force abolished: | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8vt9qt/revision/2 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1461599741#1_3110013532 | Title: The economic impact of World War One - Weimar Germany, 1918-1924 - AQA - GCSE History Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
Headings: The economic impact of World War One
Weimar Germany, 1918-1924
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The economic impact of World War One
The terms of the Treaty of Versailles
French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr
Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation winners:
Hyperinflation losers:
Content: The terms of the Treaty of Versailles
The main terms of the treaty were as follows (remember BRAT): Blame - Germany was forced to accept the blame for starting the war under article 231 of the treaty, known as the War Guilt Clause. Reparations - Germany was to be made to pay for the damage suffered by Britain and France during the war. In 1922 the amount to be paid was set at £6.6 billion. Armed Forces - Germany’s army and navy were significantly reduced in size and its air force abolished: it was allowed a maximum of 100,000 troops in the army
conscription was banned
no tanks were allowed
its navy was reduced to 15,000
it was allowed only 6 battleships, and no submarines
Territory - Germany lost land on all sides of its borders as well as its overseas colonies (other countries under Germany’s control). Excerpt from the Treaty of Versailles, 1919
French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr
Germany began to pay reparations in 1922, but after a payment was missed late in the year a chain of events was set off that led to French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr Valley in Western Germany and hyperinflation. In November 1922 Germany defaulted on its reparations payment as scheduled. The first reparations payment had taken all she could afford to pay. The French believed Germany could make the repayment but were choosing not to, however the German government argued they could not afford to pay. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8vt9qt/revision/2 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1461599741#2_3110015557 | Title: The economic impact of World War One - Weimar Germany, 1918-1924 - AQA - GCSE History Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
Headings: The economic impact of World War One
Weimar Germany, 1918-1924
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The economic impact of World War One
The terms of the Treaty of Versailles
French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr
Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation winners:
Hyperinflation losers:
Content: it was allowed a maximum of 100,000 troops in the army
conscription was banned
no tanks were allowed
its navy was reduced to 15,000
it was allowed only 6 battleships, and no submarines
Territory - Germany lost land on all sides of its borders as well as its overseas colonies (other countries under Germany’s control). Excerpt from the Treaty of Versailles, 1919
French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr
Germany began to pay reparations in 1922, but after a payment was missed late in the year a chain of events was set off that led to French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr Valley in Western Germany and hyperinflation. In November 1922 Germany defaulted on its reparations payment as scheduled. The first reparations payment had taken all she could afford to pay. The French believed Germany could make the repayment but were choosing not to, however the German government argued they could not afford to pay. In response, France and Belgium sent troops into Germany’s main industrial area, the Ruhr Valley. Their aim was to confiscate industrial goods as reparations payments. The German government ordered workers to follow a policy of ‘passive resistance’ – refusing to work or co-operate with the foreign troops and in return the government continued to pay their wages. Hyperinflation
Germany was already suffering from high levels of hyperinflation due to the effects of the war and growing government debt. The extremely high cost of food after the 1923 devaluation in Germany
The Ruhr Valley was Germany’s most productive industrial centre. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8vt9qt/revision/2 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1462609988#0_3111861662 | Title: Limiting factors of photosynthesis - Photosynthesis - National 5 Biology Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Limiting factors of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Limiting factors of photosynthesis
Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
Content: Limiting factors of photosynthesis - Photosynthesis - National 5 Biology Revision - BBC Bitesize
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight energy to make their own food. It takes place inside the chloroplasts of plant cells. Part of
Biology
Life on Earth
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Limiting factors of photosynthesis
A limiting factor is simply anything in short supply that prevents photosynthesis occurring at its maximum rate. If photosynthesis occurs more slowly in plant cells then a lower quantity of sugar will be produced and the quantity of chemical energy available for cell growth will be reduced. There are three important factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis: Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
It is useful to be able to interpret a graph like the example below. This graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis at two different carbon dioxide concentrations. Light intensity is limiting the rate of photosynthesis at light intensities of 0 to 3.75 units. As light intensity is increased the rate of photosynthesis increases. At light intensities of 3.75 to 5.5, a carbon dioxide concentration of 0.03 per cent is insufficient and limits the rate of photosynthesis. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zcktw6f/revision/4 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1462609988#1_3111863724 | Title: Limiting factors of photosynthesis - Photosynthesis - National 5 Biology Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Limiting factors of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Limiting factors of photosynthesis
Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
Content: Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
It is useful to be able to interpret a graph like the example below. This graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis at two different carbon dioxide concentrations. Light intensity is limiting the rate of photosynthesis at light intensities of 0 to 3.75 units. As light intensity is increased the rate of photosynthesis increases. At light intensities of 3.75 to 5.5, a carbon dioxide concentration of 0.03 per cent is insufficient and limits the rate of photosynthesis. A carbon dioxide concentration of 0.1 per cent is sufficient and the rate of photosynthesis continues to increase as light intensity increases. At light intensities of 5.5 units and above, a carbon dioxide concentration of 0.1 per cent is limiting and the rate of photosynthesis does not increase even when light intensity is increased. Light intensity is not limiting the rate of photosynthesis at light intensities of five to eight units. As light intensity is increased the rate of photosynthesis remains the same. At light intensities of five to eight units carbon dioxide concentration is limiting the rate of photosynthesis. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zcktw6f/revision/4 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1462609988#2_3111865383 | Title: Limiting factors of photosynthesis - Photosynthesis - National 5 Biology Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Limiting factors of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Limiting factors of photosynthesis
Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
Content: A carbon dioxide concentration of 0.1 per cent is sufficient and the rate of photosynthesis continues to increase as light intensity increases. At light intensities of 5.5 units and above, a carbon dioxide concentration of 0.1 per cent is limiting and the rate of photosynthesis does not increase even when light intensity is increased. Light intensity is not limiting the rate of photosynthesis at light intensities of five to eight units. As light intensity is increased the rate of photosynthesis remains the same. At light intensities of five to eight units carbon dioxide concentration is limiting the rate of photosynthesis. If the light intensity is kept the same, and the carbon dioxide concentration is increased from 0.03 per cent to 0.10 per cent then the rate of photosynthesis increases. previous
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1462977514#0_3112525997 | Title: What impact did the feudal system have on society? - The feudal system and the Domesday Book - KS3 History Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: What impact did the feudal system have on society?
The feudal system and the Domesday Book
What impact did the feudal system have on society?
Some people rebelled against the system
What role did the Church play in the feudal system?
Content: What impact did the feudal system have on society? - The feudal system and the Domesday Book - KS3 History Revision - BBC Bitesize
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The feudal system and the Domesday Book
The feudal system was a way of organising society into different groups based on their roles. It had the king at the top with all of the control, and the peasants at the bottom doing all of the work. Part of
History
The Middle Ages (12th to 15th century)
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What impact did the feudal system have on society? Medieval knight on horseback
It seemed to historians that the feudal system was a way in which a king could rule a violent society, with access to a large army of knights, whilst the majority of the population provided them with the resources to do so. The feudal system gave early medieval kings an army – the 'feudal host'. The feudal system was the basis of the medieval class system. The system established where in society people were, with the king in control at the top of the pyramid and the peasants at the bottom. The knights of the feudal system developed ideas of 'chivalry', from the French word 'cheval' meaning 'horse'. These ideas have given us many of our beliefs about what is 'good' conduct – loyalty, courage and defending the weak. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zdvdmp3/revision/4 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1463122613#0_3112802907 | Title: Tybalt starts a street fight and Romeo is banished from Verona - Plot summary - KS3 English Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Tybalt starts a street fight and Romeo is banished from Verona
Tybalt starts a street fight and Romeo is banished from Verona
Content: Tybalt starts a street fight and Romeo is banished from Verona - Plot summary - KS3 English Revision - BBC Bitesize
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Tybalt starts a street fight and Romeo is banished from Verona
Romeo and Juliet’s secret marriage takes place in the early afternoon. Later Romeo is with his friends, Mercutio and Benvolio, when Juliet’s cousin Tybalt challenges him to a fight. Romeo refuses because technically he is now related to Tybalt by marriage (though of course, he can’t tell anyone). Mercutio steps in and fights Tybalt instead. During the fight Mercutio is stabbed and dies, cursing the Capulets and Montagues with a plague o’both your houses (Act 3 Scene 1). Romeo is so upset at the death of his friend that he fights Tybalt in revenge. He slays Tybalt and leaves as the Prince approaches. Benvolio explains the fight to Prince Escalus who declares that because Romeo has killed in revenge he will be banished from the city of Verona rather than sentenced to death. After a secret night with Juliet, Romeo flees to Mantua. previous
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1463173048#0_3112899096 | Title: Limiting factors - Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA) - GCSE Combined Science Revision - CCEA Double Award - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Limiting factors
Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA)
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Limiting factors
Light
Carbon dioxide
Temperature
Commercial growth
Content: Limiting factors - Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA) - GCSE Combined Science Revision - CCEA Double Award - BBC Bitesize
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Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA)
Green plants absorb light in their leaves and convert it to energy by photosynthesis. Part of
Combined Science
Living processes
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Limiting factors
The rate of photosynthesis depends on temperature and the availability of light and carbon dioxide. If photosynthesis is to happen at its maximum rate, all environmental factors must be present at the optimum levels. If one or more factors are in short supply, the rate of photosynthesis will be limited. These factors are then limiting factors and the rate of photosynthesis will be determined by the factor that is in shortest supply. Light
As light intensity increases so too does the rate of photosynthesis until a certain point where the graph levels off. At lower light intensities, light is the limiting factor because an increase in light causes an increase in photosynthesis. At higher light intensities (plateau of graph), further increasing the light intensity does not increase the rate of photosynthesis meaning that another factor is limiting photosynthesis. On a hot day, photosynthesis happens at a higher rate when compared to the cooler day, showing that temperature has an effect and is the limiting factor on a cooler day. An increased level of carbon dioxide leads to a higher rate of photosynthesis when compared to the lower carbon dioxide level. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zfypwty/revision/5 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1463173048#1_3112901386 | Title: Limiting factors - Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA) - GCSE Combined Science Revision - CCEA Double Award - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Limiting factors
Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA)
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Limiting factors
Light
Carbon dioxide
Temperature
Commercial growth
Content: Light
As light intensity increases so too does the rate of photosynthesis until a certain point where the graph levels off. At lower light intensities, light is the limiting factor because an increase in light causes an increase in photosynthesis. At higher light intensities (plateau of graph), further increasing the light intensity does not increase the rate of photosynthesis meaning that another factor is limiting photosynthesis. On a hot day, photosynthesis happens at a higher rate when compared to the cooler day, showing that temperature has an effect and is the limiting factor on a cooler day. An increased level of carbon dioxide leads to a higher rate of photosynthesis when compared to the lower carbon dioxide level. This shows that the carbon dioxide level has an effect and is now limiting the rate of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide
As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, so too does the rate of photosynthesis until a certain point where the graph levels off. At lower carbon dioxide concentrations carbon dioxide is the limiting factor because an increase in carbon dioxide causes an increase in photosynthesis. At higher carbon dioxide concentrations (plateau of graph), further increasing the carbon dioxide concentration does not increase the rate of photosynthesis meaning another factor is limiting photosynthesis. Temperature
Temperature affects all reactions because an increase in temperature causes the molecules involved to gain kinetic energy and therefore react more frequently. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zfypwty/revision/5 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1463173048#2_3112903373 | Title: Limiting factors - Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA) - GCSE Combined Science Revision - CCEA Double Award - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Limiting factors
Photosynthesis and plants (CCEA)
Add to My Bitesize
Limiting factors
Light
Carbon dioxide
Temperature
Commercial growth
Content: This shows that the carbon dioxide level has an effect and is now limiting the rate of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide
As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, so too does the rate of photosynthesis until a certain point where the graph levels off. At lower carbon dioxide concentrations carbon dioxide is the limiting factor because an increase in carbon dioxide causes an increase in photosynthesis. At higher carbon dioxide concentrations (plateau of graph), further increasing the carbon dioxide concentration does not increase the rate of photosynthesis meaning another factor is limiting photosynthesis. Temperature
Temperature affects all reactions because an increase in temperature causes the molecules involved to gain kinetic energy and therefore react more frequently. However, a very high temperature can denature the enzymes involved in these reactions, reducing or even stopping the reaction completely. Commercial growth
When growing crops it is important to reduce these limiting factors to increase the rate of crop growth and increase profits. previous
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1463834971#0_3114141320 | Title: Holy orders - Seven sacraments of the Catholic Church - GCSE Religious Studies Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Holy orders
Seven sacraments of the Catholic Church
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Holy orders
Ordination
Content: Holy orders - Seven sacraments of the Catholic Church - GCSE Religious Studies Revision - AQA - BBC Bitesize
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Seven sacraments of the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church teaches that there are seven sacraments or rites through which God can communicate his grace to an individual. Catholic Christians believe that the sacraments are channels for God’s grace - every time they take part in a sacrament, they receive more grace. Part of
Religious Studies
Catholic Christianity
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Holy orders
Through the sacrament of holy orders, or ordination, a man vows to lead other Catholics by bringing them the sacraments, especially the Eucharist. He promises to do this by proclaiming the Gospel and by providing to Catholics other means to achieve holiness. In order to be ordained a priest, a man must be first ordained a deacon. Ordination
In Catholicism, holy orders is the sacrament by which men are ordained as priests or deacons. It is a sacrament carried out by a bishop, who must lay his hands on the candidate. Taking holy orders is a commitment for life both to God and to the Catholic Church, as the man is given certain powers, including passing on God’s forgiveness of sins. The following is a prayer said at the ordination of a priest: quote
Lord, holy Father, … when you had appointed high priests to rule your people, you chose other men next to them in rank and dignity to be with them and to help them in their task… you extended the spirit of Moses to seventy wise men. … | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zh4f3k7/revision/8 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1464065671#0_3114568581 | Title: Rate of photosynthesis - Photosynthesis – limiting factors - National 4 Biology Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Rate of photosynthesis
Rate of photosynthesis
Content: Rate of photosynthesis - Photosynthesis – limiting factors - National 4 Biology Revision - BBC Bitesize
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Rate of photosynthesis
The rate of photosynthesis is affected by the following factors: concentration of carbon dioxide
availability of water
light intensity
The rate of photosynthesis is also affected by temperature because the reactions of photosynthesis are controlled by specific enzymes. At low temperatures photosynthesis happens more slowly. A limiting factor is a factor that can limit the rate of photosynthesis if it is in short supply. A greenhouse can be used to overcome the limiting factors of photosynthesis. This allows plants to grow faster as they are making more food. Greenhouses can have artificial light so that photosynthesis can continue beyond daylight hours, or at a higher than normal light intensity. The use of paraffin lamps inside a greenhouse increases the rate of photosynthesis because the burning paraffin produces carbon dioxide as well as heat. previous
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1466916169#1_3119788684 | Title: Impact of the war - The Vietnam War - National 5 History Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Impact of the war
The Vietnam War
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Impact of the war
Vietnam
USA
Psychological effects
Content: Before the war, Vietnam had been a major rice exporter. The destruction of land during the war meant that the country could not produce enough food for the population. Many skilled and professional workers connected to the South Vietnamese regime left the country in fear of being persecuted. The communist forces established concentration camps for enemies of communism and supporters of the South Vietnamese Government, where many were sent to be ‘re-educated’. USA
Across the world, the USA'S reputation had been tarnished. It was criticised for supporting a corrupt government and the media had shown the world how brutal American tactics were. Approximately 58,000 American soldiers were killed and another 153,000 were wounded. During the Vietnam War, the USA spent $828 billion on its military. From 1965, it was spending more than $50 billion per year. The additional spending to fund the USA's involvement in Vietnam has been estimated at $111 billion. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7bkqt/revision/6 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1466916169#2_3119790053 | Title: Impact of the war - The Vietnam War - National 5 History Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Impact of the war
The Vietnam War
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Impact of the war
Vietnam
USA
Psychological effects
Content: It was criticised for supporting a corrupt government and the media had shown the world how brutal American tactics were. Approximately 58,000 American soldiers were killed and another 153,000 were wounded. During the Vietnam War, the USA spent $828 billion on its military. From 1965, it was spending more than $50 billion per year. The additional spending to fund the USA's involvement in Vietnam has been estimated at $111 billion. Psychological effects
Over 100,000 US troops lost limbs in the war and required treatment. ‘Draft dodgers’ were treated badly and some fled the country. American troops returning from the war were also subject to ill-treatment. Many civilians treated them as brutal thugs who should be punished or avoided. The fact that the USA, the great superpower, had lost to a much smaller and less powerful country was greatly demoralising. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zv7bkqt/revision/6 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1467147626#11_3120229491 | Title: Case study - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Challenges and opportunities for urban areas - OCR - GCSE Geography Revision - OCR - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Case study - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Challenges and opportunities for urban areas
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Case study - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Social challenges
Migration
Housing
Transport
Education
Health care
Crime
Economic challenges
Environmental challenges
Social opportunities
Economic opportunities
Environmental opportunities
Sustainable strategies to improve the quality of life in the favelas
Content: Here, local residents are provided with building materials like concrete blocks and cement in order to replace home-made shelters with permanent dwellings. These are often three or four storeys high, and with water, electricity and sewage systems installed. Legal rights such as granting the favela residents rights to own their own properties. Low rents have also been offered. Transport systems have been extended to include the favelas to give residents the opportunity to travel to work in the city centre and industrial areas. Law and order has been improved in the favelas by trying to rid these areas of crime and drug abuse. Several large favelas have been improved in this way through federal 'Pacification Programmes'. New towns like Barra da Tijuca, built 20 kilometres along the coastline, have been built to relocate some residents from city favelas. previous
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1467669847#1_3121166349 | Title: Theory of evolution - Religion and science - GCSE Religious Studies Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Theory of evolution
Religion and science
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Theory of evolution
Is the theory of evolution compatible with Christianity?
Why might it be compatible?
Content: Darwin was a natural science graduate of Cambridge University and a geologist. He was also a Christian. Darwin did not intend to challenge religious beliefs with his book but many religious believers responded to it with fury. These reasons included: The theory of evolution seemed to go against religious teachings that God made the Earth and created all living things, as they knew them. Christians believed that God had created humans 'in his own image', that humans were superior to all other creatures and had a soul that is immortal. The theory of evolution challenged the idea that God is the designer of the universe and that the beauty, order and complexity of the universe is evidence of this ( the design argument). The idea that living things adapt to their environment was opposed to their belief that God had created the perfect environment for them. The Bible says humans were created on the sixth day of creation, not over a period of millions of years. These scientific theories were first put forward in the 19th century, when Christianity was an important influence on people's lives and the way they thought. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zx7634j/revision/4 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1467816830#0_3121433415 | Title: Urban growth - Urbanisation in contrasting cities - Eduqas - GCSE Geography Revision - Eduqas - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Urban growth
Urbanisation in contrasting cities
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Urban growth
Causes of urban growth
Push factors
Pull factors
Content: Urban growth - Urbanisation in contrasting cities - Eduqas - GCSE Geography Revision - Eduqas - BBC Bitesize
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Urbanisation in contrasting cities
Urban areas are growing rapidly. They face a range of opportunities and challenges. Urban planning is important to ensure that the opportunities are maximised and the challenges are minimised. Part of
Geography
Changing places - changing economies
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Urban growth
Urbanisation means an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas. The world's population is growing rapidly and reached 7.3 billion people in 2011. The highest rates of population growth are occurring in low income countries (LICs), such as Zimbabwe, Malawi and Niger. Some countries are experiencing population decline, for example Japan, Russia and Ukraine. Today more than 50% of the world's population live in urban areas. The number of cities with over 10 million people is increasing. These are called megacities. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxf36fr/revision/1 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1468082722#0_3121909378 | Title: Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade - Implications of the slave trade for African societies - Higher History Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade
Higher
Implications of the slave trade for African societies
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Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade
Kings and warlords
Middlemen, traders and merchants
Labourers and subsistence farmers
Implications of the Atlantic Slave Trade for Africa
Content: Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade - Implications of the slave trade for African societies - Higher History Revision - BBC Bitesize
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Implications of the slave trade for African societies
The Atlantic slave trade had a negative impact on African societies and the long-term impoverishment of West Africa. For some it intensified effects already present among its rulers and kingdoms. Part of
History
Atlantic slave trade
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Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade
The Asante (Ashanti people) Empire dominated the area known as the Gold Coast (Ghana). They traded in gold as well as slaves. They fought many wars to defend and expand their empire. The impact of the Atlantic slave trade was felt across all levels of African societies. But its effects were different for different groups: Kings, elites and warlords
Middlemen, traders and merchants
Labourers and subsistence farmers
Kings and warlords
African slave sellers grew wealthy by selling captives to European traders on the coast. They were able to deal on equal terms with European traders. On the African side, the slave trade was generally the business of rulers or wealthy and powerful merchants, concerned with their own selfish or narrow interests. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1468082722#1_3121911713 | Title: Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade - Implications of the slave trade for African societies - Higher History Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade
Higher
Implications of the slave trade for African societies
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Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade
Kings and warlords
Middlemen, traders and merchants
Labourers and subsistence farmers
Implications of the Atlantic Slave Trade for Africa
Content: The impact of the Atlantic slave trade was felt across all levels of African societies. But its effects were different for different groups: Kings, elites and warlords
Middlemen, traders and merchants
Labourers and subsistence farmers
Kings and warlords
African slave sellers grew wealthy by selling captives to European traders on the coast. They were able to deal on equal terms with European traders. On the African side, the slave trade was generally the business of rulers or wealthy and powerful merchants, concerned with their own selfish or narrow interests. At that time, there was no concept of being African – identity and loyalty were based on kinship or membership of a specific kingdom or society, rather than to the African continent. States based on slavery grew in power and influence. For example the Kingdom of Dahomey became one of the most prosperous nations: total receipts from slave exports were an estimated £250,000 per year by 1750. African rulers largely maintained and dictated the control and supply of captives to the Atlantic slave trade. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1468082722#2_3121913532 | Title: Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade - Implications of the slave trade for African societies - Higher History Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade
Higher
Implications of the slave trade for African societies
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Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade
Kings and warlords
Middlemen, traders and merchants
Labourers and subsistence farmers
Implications of the Atlantic Slave Trade for Africa
Content: At that time, there was no concept of being African – identity and loyalty were based on kinship or membership of a specific kingdom or society, rather than to the African continent. States based on slavery grew in power and influence. For example the Kingdom of Dahomey became one of the most prosperous nations: total receipts from slave exports were an estimated £250,000 per year by 1750. African rulers largely maintained and dictated the control and supply of captives to the Atlantic slave trade. The impact of the trade was to increase individual fortunes in the short run. But through competition with each others, rulers could have their powers reduced or eliminated as well as strengthened. In the long run, the scale of the Atlantic trade caused instability and collapse in many African states. Middlemen, traders and merchants
The kings and warlords needed points of sale, and Europeans needed access to sources of slaves. Some African slave sellers became extremely wealthy from the expansion of the slave trade networks. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1468082722#3_3121915314 | Title: Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade - Implications of the slave trade for African societies - Higher History Revision - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade
Higher
Implications of the slave trade for African societies
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Roles played by leaders of African societies in continuing the trade
Kings and warlords
Middlemen, traders and merchants
Labourers and subsistence farmers
Implications of the Atlantic Slave Trade for Africa
Content: The impact of the trade was to increase individual fortunes in the short run. But through competition with each others, rulers could have their powers reduced or eliminated as well as strengthened. In the long run, the scale of the Atlantic trade caused instability and collapse in many African states. Middlemen, traders and merchants
The kings and warlords needed points of sale, and Europeans needed access to sources of slaves. Some African slave sellers became extremely wealthy from the expansion of the slave trade networks. A group of ‘merchant princes’ developed in response to the European reliance on African intermediaries. These were often the sons of Afro-European parents, and commanded large bands of armed men. The slave trade was incredibly labour-intensive. Thousands found employment as porters, interpreters, guards, soldiers and peddlers. Labourers and subsistence farmers
The proportion of African villagers actively involved in the slave trade was small. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxt3gk7/revision/7 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1468132123#1_3122003850 | Title: Women priests and bishops - Gender equality - GCSE Religious Studies Revision - WJEC - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Women priests and bishops
Gender equality
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Women priests and bishops
Church in Wales stance
Catholic Church's stance
Content: This means that women can now be ordained as ministers and vicars. In January 2017, Wales saw its first female bishop consecrated. Canon Joanna Penberthy, Bishop of St Davids Cathedral, was also one of the first women in Wales to be ordained as a priest in 1997. Catholic Church's stance
In the Catholic Church only men can become priests and bishops. They have to remain celibate because their position means they are married to the Church and need to be free of family responsibilities to be able to perform their duties fully. Women cannot be ordained as priests in the Catholic Church. Women have different roles in the Roman Catholic Church. curriculum-key-fact
Catholics believe that men and women are equal but have different roles to play in religion. Unordained members, called laymen and laywomen, are equally allowed to help in giving out the bread and wine at Mass, to read and to perform social roles such as visiting the sick. In many denominations of Christianity, men and women can devote their lives to God by becoming a monk or nun. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxwd3k7/revision/3 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1468721424#2_3123146268 | Title: Let's explore the Alps - BBC Bitesize
Headings: Let's explore the Alps
Let's explore the Alps
What are the Alps?
What is it like in the Alps?
Watch this video to see more of the Alps!
There's more to learn...
Let's explore the Lake District
Let's explore the Alps
Let's explore Florida
Let's explore the Galápagos islands
Content: Many rivers have their source in the Alps. Melting snow and ice in spring and summer supply water to the rivers and lakes at the foot of the mountains. Dams have also been built to hold this water in order to create hydroelectric power for nearby towns and cities. Tourism is the main industry in the Alps. Around 30 million people visit the Alps each year, enjoying activities such as: skiing and snowboarding
walking
sightseeing
trail running
mountain biking
paragliding
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The Alps are made up of lower grassland hills and higher snow-capped mountains. 1 of 4
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The Alps are a popular destination for mountain climbers and skiers. 2 of 4
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Lake Como is a popular tourist destination in Italy. 3 of 4
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Ibex goats climb a dam in Italy to find food. 4 of 4
Watch this video to see more of the Alps! | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z3fycdm/articles/zb3ywty |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470771508#2_3127954308 | Title: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Liberal Democrats have launched their 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Stop Brexit Build A Brighter Future. It sets out the polices the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Stop Brexit
Article 50 would be revoked and Brexit cancelled.
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care.
3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year.
4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions.
5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year.
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament.
7. Legalise cannabis
Help to break the grip of the criminal gangs by introducing a legal, regulated market for cannabis.
8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament.
9. Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts.
10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK.
11. Tough borrowing rules and targeted tax rises
Brexit bonus funds new teachers, flying taxes fight climate change.
12. Build 300,000 new homes a year
Bring the supply of new houses into line with demand.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: The pledge stands out from Labour, who would offer another vote, and the Conservatives, who are promising to leave the EU in January. The Liberal Democrats believe the clarity of this approach won them votes during the European elections - and can be a vote-winner again. It also underpins their plans to increase public spending - the Liberal Democrats say staying in the EU would deliver a £50bn "Remain bonus" to the economy - money that could be spent on public services. This policy would apply to the whole of the UK. Will this be a Brexit election? 2.43.0.9b7d022
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Lib Dem leader Jo Swinson is pressed on whether she'd block a Tory or Labour government
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care. The one penny in the pound extra on income tax will be ring-fenced for the NHS and social care. But this is a vague concept and simply means the party has promised £7bn a year more for health and social care and identified how the revenue might be raised. It will be hard to track precisely how the money is spent. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50459123 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470771508#4_3127962055 | Title: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Liberal Democrats have launched their 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Stop Brexit Build A Brighter Future. It sets out the polices the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Stop Brexit
Article 50 would be revoked and Brexit cancelled.
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care.
3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year.
4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions.
5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year.
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament.
7. Legalise cannabis
Help to break the grip of the criminal gangs by introducing a legal, regulated market for cannabis.
8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament.
9. Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts.
10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK.
11. Tough borrowing rules and targeted tax rises
Brexit bonus funds new teachers, flying taxes fight climate change.
12. Build 300,000 new homes a year
Bring the supply of new houses into line with demand.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Longer term, the party wants to move to a dedicated health and care tax. which is called "hypothecation", to reassure voters their money is for key public services. The big problem is that in an economic downturn the tax receipts might fall, and, if so, would the government feel obliged to cut health and care spending? If the Treasury was obliged to top up funding from the central pot, the benefits of hypothecation would be lost. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland all run their own health services, but they will also benefit from any extra funding. 11 charts on why the NHS matters in this election
Is the NHS the best health service possible? 3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year. This is an eye-catching and potentially eye-wateringly expensive election promise. According to the independent economists at the Institute of Fiscal Studies, it would represent an extra £13bn a year, which is four-and-a-half times higher than the current level of spending. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50459123 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470771508#6_3127968225 | Title: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Liberal Democrats have launched their 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Stop Brexit Build A Brighter Future. It sets out the polices the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Stop Brexit
Article 50 would be revoked and Brexit cancelled.
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care.
3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year.
4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions.
5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year.
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament.
7. Legalise cannabis
Help to break the grip of the criminal gangs by introducing a legal, regulated market for cannabis.
8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament.
9. Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts.
10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK.
11. Tough borrowing rules and targeted tax rises
Brexit bonus funds new teachers, flying taxes fight climate change.
12. Build 300,000 new homes a year
Bring the supply of new houses into line with demand.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: This is an expensive offer that could attract criticism as a big giveaway to some better-off parents, while not helping the poorest children who might benefit most. Currently all three to four-year-olds with both parents working can access 30 hours free childcare, unless either parent earns more than £100,000 a year. Childcare is a devolved issue. 4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions. Even by the standards of an election busy this target is ambitious. We are already on a path of rapid decarbonisation - with 40% of our electricity produced by wind, solar and biomass in the third quarter of this year. And recent government projections suggest that contribution is set to rise to just under 50% over the next decade. So the Liberal Democrats' plan for 80% would mean the extremely rapid construction of many more solar farms and wind turbines on land and out at sea. Only the Green Party envisages a faster transition. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50459123 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470771508#7_3127971320 | Title: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Liberal Democrats have launched their 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Stop Brexit Build A Brighter Future. It sets out the polices the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Stop Brexit
Article 50 would be revoked and Brexit cancelled.
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care.
3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year.
4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions.
5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year.
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament.
7. Legalise cannabis
Help to break the grip of the criminal gangs by introducing a legal, regulated market for cannabis.
8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament.
9. Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts.
10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK.
11. Tough borrowing rules and targeted tax rises
Brexit bonus funds new teachers, flying taxes fight climate change.
12. Build 300,000 new homes a year
Bring the supply of new houses into line with demand.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Even by the standards of an election busy this target is ambitious. We are already on a path of rapid decarbonisation - with 40% of our electricity produced by wind, solar and biomass in the third quarter of this year. And recent government projections suggest that contribution is set to rise to just under 50% over the next decade. So the Liberal Democrats' plan for 80% would mean the extremely rapid construction of many more solar farms and wind turbines on land and out at sea. Only the Green Party envisages a faster transition. These targets would apply to the whole of the UK. Lib Dems pledge £100bn climate fund over five years
What is a climate emergency? 5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year. The statistics suggest a frequent flyer levy is justified. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50459123 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470771508#8_3127974335 | Title: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Liberal Democrats have launched their 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Stop Brexit Build A Brighter Future. It sets out the polices the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Stop Brexit
Article 50 would be revoked and Brexit cancelled.
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care.
3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year.
4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions.
5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year.
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament.
7. Legalise cannabis
Help to break the grip of the criminal gangs by introducing a legal, regulated market for cannabis.
8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament.
9. Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts.
10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK.
11. Tough borrowing rules and targeted tax rises
Brexit bonus funds new teachers, flying taxes fight climate change.
12. Build 300,000 new homes a year
Bring the supply of new houses into line with demand.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: These targets would apply to the whole of the UK. Lib Dems pledge £100bn climate fund over five years
What is a climate emergency? 5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year. The statistics suggest a frequent flyer levy is justified. More than half of those surveyed by the Department for Transport in 2014 said they had not taken any flights in the previous 12 months. The Lib Dems' policy becomes less radical when you consider people only taking one or two return flights a year would pay less tax. The UK already has one of the highest rates of Airport Passenger Duty in the world. Unsurprisingly airline bosses are against a rise. Ultimately they could pass any additional cost on to passengers. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50459123 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470771508#9_3127977281 | Title: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Liberal Democrats have launched their 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Stop Brexit Build A Brighter Future. It sets out the polices the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Stop Brexit
Article 50 would be revoked and Brexit cancelled.
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care.
3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year.
4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions.
5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year.
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament.
7. Legalise cannabis
Help to break the grip of the criminal gangs by introducing a legal, regulated market for cannabis.
8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament.
9. Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts.
10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK.
11. Tough borrowing rules and targeted tax rises
Brexit bonus funds new teachers, flying taxes fight climate change.
12. Build 300,000 new homes a year
Bring the supply of new houses into line with demand.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: More than half of those surveyed by the Department for Transport in 2014 said they had not taken any flights in the previous 12 months. The Lib Dems' policy becomes less radical when you consider people only taking one or two return flights a year would pay less tax. The UK already has one of the highest rates of Airport Passenger Duty in the world. Unsurprisingly airline bosses are against a rise. Ultimately they could pass any additional cost on to passengers. Then it comes down to whether their customers are prepared to pay more. With aviation's impact on the climate in sharp focus, some type of tax reform feels inevitable. This policy would apply to England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Air taxes are devolved to Scotland. image copyright
Getty Images
6. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50459123 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470771508#10_3127980150 | Title: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Liberal Democrats have launched their 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Stop Brexit Build A Brighter Future. It sets out the polices the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Stop Brexit
Article 50 would be revoked and Brexit cancelled.
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care.
3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year.
4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions.
5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year.
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament.
7. Legalise cannabis
Help to break the grip of the criminal gangs by introducing a legal, regulated market for cannabis.
8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament.
9. Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts.
10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK.
11. Tough borrowing rules and targeted tax rises
Brexit bonus funds new teachers, flying taxes fight climate change.
12. Build 300,000 new homes a year
Bring the supply of new houses into line with demand.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Then it comes down to whether their customers are prepared to pay more. With aviation's impact on the climate in sharp focus, some type of tax reform feels inevitable. This policy would apply to England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Air taxes are devolved to Scotland. image copyright
Getty Images
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament. The promise of another 20,000 teachers in England's schools and falling class sizes may be deceptively hard to deliver. Schools in England decide how to spend their own budgets. Many of the posts that have disappeared have been support staff such as counsellors or librarians. Head teachers may restore these posts first. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50459123 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470771508#16_3127997213 | Title: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Liberal Democrats have launched their 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Stop Brexit Build A Brighter Future. It sets out the polices the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Stop Brexit
Article 50 would be revoked and Brexit cancelled.
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care.
3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year.
4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions.
5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year.
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament.
7. Legalise cannabis
Help to break the grip of the criminal gangs by introducing a legal, regulated market for cannabis.
8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament.
9. Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts.
10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK.
11. Tough borrowing rules and targeted tax rises
Brexit bonus funds new teachers, flying taxes fight climate change.
12. Build 300,000 new homes a year
Bring the supply of new houses into line with demand.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Why are so many countries now saying cannabis is OK? 8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament. Too many commuters in too many parts of Britain have suffered an unreliable service for too long. So a fare freeze for all peak-time and season tickets seems…fair! The Liberal Democrats say the taxpayer would foot the bill. They reckon it will cost £1.6bn over five years. For context, operating and maintaining the UK's rail infrastructure costs about £6bn a year. When you consider inflation, the policy in effect makes rail travel cheaper. The more intractable issue is how to make it better. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50459123 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470771508#17_3127999985 | Title: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Liberal Democrats have launched their 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Stop Brexit Build A Brighter Future. It sets out the polices the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Stop Brexit
Article 50 would be revoked and Brexit cancelled.
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care.
3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year.
4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions.
5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year.
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament.
7. Legalise cannabis
Help to break the grip of the criminal gangs by introducing a legal, regulated market for cannabis.
8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament.
9. Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts.
10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK.
11. Tough borrowing rules and targeted tax rises
Brexit bonus funds new teachers, flying taxes fight climate change.
12. Build 300,000 new homes a year
Bring the supply of new houses into line with demand.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: The Liberal Democrats say the taxpayer would foot the bill. They reckon it will cost £1.6bn over five years. For context, operating and maintaining the UK's rail infrastructure costs about £6bn a year. When you consider inflation, the policy in effect makes rail travel cheaper. The more intractable issue is how to make it better. The Liberal Democrats are committed to completing the HS2 high-speed railway, which would create extra capacity. They say they would also spend £15bn on enhancements to the existing rail infrastructure over five years. That's above recent rates of spending. Rail fare regulations are devolved. 9. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50459123 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470771508#19_3128005837 | Title: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Liberal Democrat manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Liberal Democrats have launched their 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Stop Brexit Build A Brighter Future. It sets out the polices the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Stop Brexit
Article 50 would be revoked and Brexit cancelled.
2. A penny income tax rise for the NHS
Raise £7bn a year over five years - a total of £35bn - to spend on the NHS and social care.
3. Free childcare
All children aged two to four will qualify for 35 hours a week, 48 weeks a year.
4. Generate 80% of electricity from renewables
Achieve this target by 2030 to reduce carbon emissions.
5. Tax frequent flyers
Those who take the most international flights face a tax rise, while costs would come down for people who take one or two international return flights a year.
6. Recruit 20,000 more teachers
Spend £10.6bn more a year on schools and hire thousand of new teachers by the end of the next Parliament.
7. Legalise cannabis
Help to break the grip of the criminal gangs by introducing a legal, regulated market for cannabis.
8. Freeze train fares
The freeze would apply to all peak-time and season tickets for the next Parliament.
9. Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts.
10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK.
11. Tough borrowing rules and targeted tax rises
Brexit bonus funds new teachers, flying taxes fight climate change.
12. Build 300,000 new homes a year
Bring the supply of new houses into line with demand.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Give zero-hours workers a 20% rise
Pay boost the higher minimum wage for people working on zero-hours contracts. Some form of pay bonus for insecure work has been suggested before. Matthew Taylor, who led a review into UK working practices, has suggested a 15% minimum wage boost, echoing a similar policy in Australia, whereby a 25% pay premium is added to casual work. Jonathan Cribb, senior research economist at the Institute for Fiscal Studies, says the proposal is interesting for two reasons: It could reduce the number of firms who want to hire people on zero-hours contracts and it could mean people in regular employment might seek out a zero-hours contract because they like the flexibility. He says: " So essentially, there could be fewer opportunities for these contracts and more people searching for them." This policy would apply to most workers across the UK. 10. Resettle 10,000 refugees a year
In the next 10 years, 10,000 more unaccompanied refugee children will also be allowed into the UK. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50459123 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470786473#2_3128018036 | Title: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Labour Party has launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan It's Time For Real Change. It sets out the policies the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Increase health budget by 4.3%
The party also wants to cut private provision in the NHS.
2. Hold a second referendum on Brexit
Labour will renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, and hold a referendum on the deal or Remain within six months
3. Raise minimum wage from £8.21 to £10
It would boost anyone over the age of 25 earning the minimum wage, known as the National Living Wage.
4. Stop state pension age rises
Pension age would remain at 66 while retirement ages for those in arduous and stressful jobs will be reviewed.
5. Introduce a National Care Service
Provide "community-based, person-centred" support in England, including free personal care.
6. Bring forward net-zero target
To put the UK on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s.
7. Nationalise key industries
The party will nationalise the so-called big six energy firms, National Grid, the water industry, Royal Mail, railways and the broadband arm of BT.
8. Scrap Universal Credit
Start work on a new benefits system to replace controversial benefit.
9. Abolish private schools' charitable status
There are also plans to scrap tuition fees and bring back maintenance grants for the poorest students.
10. Free bus travel for under-25s
Labour will also bring the railways back into public ownership.
11. Give EU nationals the right to remain
It will mean EU citizens in the UK no longer have to apply to continue living and working in the country.
12. Build 100,000 council homes a year
Start a rapid programme of homebuilding.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: A key section covers Labour's plan to cut private provision in the NHS, which currently accounts for about 7% of the health budget in England. This would clearly involve outsourced contracts, for example for physiotherapy and community health. But will NHS hospitals suddenly see their waiting lists balloon as a result of operations outsourced to private hospitals being brought back into the public sector? And are these pledges longer-term aspirations or shorter-term priorities? Healthcare is devolved so these policies would apply to England only, but the devolved nations would benefit from the funding. 2.42.4.a5b3b2a
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"Rail, mail, water and energy into public ownership": Jeremy Corbyn launches Labour's manifesto
2. Hold a second referendum on Brexit
Labour will renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, and hold a referendum on the deal or Remain within six months
The short section called "The Final Say on Brexit" only begins on page 89 of this manifesto. The other main UK-wide parties have simple slogans, but Labour's policy is more complicated and doesn't fit on a manifesto cover or the side of a bus. It promises to renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, based on a new UK-EU customs union and close EU single market alignment. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50501411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470786473#3_3128022150 | Title: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Labour Party has launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan It's Time For Real Change. It sets out the policies the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Increase health budget by 4.3%
The party also wants to cut private provision in the NHS.
2. Hold a second referendum on Brexit
Labour will renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, and hold a referendum on the deal or Remain within six months
3. Raise minimum wage from £8.21 to £10
It would boost anyone over the age of 25 earning the minimum wage, known as the National Living Wage.
4. Stop state pension age rises
Pension age would remain at 66 while retirement ages for those in arduous and stressful jobs will be reviewed.
5. Introduce a National Care Service
Provide "community-based, person-centred" support in England, including free personal care.
6. Bring forward net-zero target
To put the UK on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s.
7. Nationalise key industries
The party will nationalise the so-called big six energy firms, National Grid, the water industry, Royal Mail, railways and the broadband arm of BT.
8. Scrap Universal Credit
Start work on a new benefits system to replace controversial benefit.
9. Abolish private schools' charitable status
There are also plans to scrap tuition fees and bring back maintenance grants for the poorest students.
10. Free bus travel for under-25s
Labour will also bring the railways back into public ownership.
11. Give EU nationals the right to remain
It will mean EU citizens in the UK no longer have to apply to continue living and working in the country.
12. Build 100,000 council homes a year
Start a rapid programme of homebuilding.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: 2.42.4.a5b3b2a
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"Rail, mail, water and energy into public ownership": Jeremy Corbyn launches Labour's manifesto
2. Hold a second referendum on Brexit
Labour will renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, and hold a referendum on the deal or Remain within six months
The short section called "The Final Say on Brexit" only begins on page 89 of this manifesto. The other main UK-wide parties have simple slogans, but Labour's policy is more complicated and doesn't fit on a manifesto cover or the side of a bus. It promises to renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, based on a new UK-EU customs union and close EU single market alignment. It would also give EU nationals living and working in the UK the automatic right to stay. That deal would then be put to a legally-binding referendum within six months, alongside the option to remain in the EU. Labour wants to appeal to both Leavers and Remainers and to give the people the final say. It would implement the referendum result immediately. But Mr Corbyn will not say how he would vote in it. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50501411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470786473#11_3128047517 | Title: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Labour Party has launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan It's Time For Real Change. It sets out the policies the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Increase health budget by 4.3%
The party also wants to cut private provision in the NHS.
2. Hold a second referendum on Brexit
Labour will renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, and hold a referendum on the deal or Remain within six months
3. Raise minimum wage from £8.21 to £10
It would boost anyone over the age of 25 earning the minimum wage, known as the National Living Wage.
4. Stop state pension age rises
Pension age would remain at 66 while retirement ages for those in arduous and stressful jobs will be reviewed.
5. Introduce a National Care Service
Provide "community-based, person-centred" support in England, including free personal care.
6. Bring forward net-zero target
To put the UK on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s.
7. Nationalise key industries
The party will nationalise the so-called big six energy firms, National Grid, the water industry, Royal Mail, railways and the broadband arm of BT.
8. Scrap Universal Credit
Start work on a new benefits system to replace controversial benefit.
9. Abolish private schools' charitable status
There are also plans to scrap tuition fees and bring back maintenance grants for the poorest students.
10. Free bus travel for under-25s
Labour will also bring the railways back into public ownership.
11. Give EU nationals the right to remain
It will mean EU citizens in the UK no longer have to apply to continue living and working in the country.
12. Build 100,000 council homes a year
Start a rapid programme of homebuilding.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: That is not just about the affordability of the plan now, but also its cost as the population ages. At the heart of the policy is free personal care for older people who need help with day-to-day tasks like washing, dressing and medication. This system already operates in Scotland, but in England, the idea was rejected 20 years ago by the then-Labour government as too expensive. There are also promises to double the number of people receiving help, so easing NHS pressures. Plans to reform the care system have ended up as political footballs in past elections - the challenge for Labour will be building a consensus around their ideas. Health and social care is devolved. This would apply to England only. Will Jeremy Corbyn's long march lead to power? 6. Bring forward net-zero target
To put the UK on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50501411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470786473#12_3128050581 | Title: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Labour Party has launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan It's Time For Real Change. It sets out the policies the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Increase health budget by 4.3%
The party also wants to cut private provision in the NHS.
2. Hold a second referendum on Brexit
Labour will renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, and hold a referendum on the deal or Remain within six months
3. Raise minimum wage from £8.21 to £10
It would boost anyone over the age of 25 earning the minimum wage, known as the National Living Wage.
4. Stop state pension age rises
Pension age would remain at 66 while retirement ages for those in arduous and stressful jobs will be reviewed.
5. Introduce a National Care Service
Provide "community-based, person-centred" support in England, including free personal care.
6. Bring forward net-zero target
To put the UK on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s.
7. Nationalise key industries
The party will nationalise the so-called big six energy firms, National Grid, the water industry, Royal Mail, railways and the broadband arm of BT.
8. Scrap Universal Credit
Start work on a new benefits system to replace controversial benefit.
9. Abolish private schools' charitable status
There are also plans to scrap tuition fees and bring back maintenance grants for the poorest students.
10. Free bus travel for under-25s
Labour will also bring the railways back into public ownership.
11. Give EU nationals the right to remain
It will mean EU citizens in the UK no longer have to apply to continue living and working in the country.
12. Build 100,000 council homes a year
Start a rapid programme of homebuilding.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Health and social care is devolved. This would apply to England only. Will Jeremy Corbyn's long march lead to power? 6. Bring forward net-zero target
To put the UK on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s. The date for reducing carbon emissions to effectively zero is much sooner than the government envisages. It's not quite the neat formulation of "net zero" by 2030 that many party activists wanted (and the Green Party has promised). Instead, in one line, the document talks of achieving "the substantial majority of our emissions reductions" by 2030. In another, it mentions putting the UK "on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s". Presumably that creates enough stretch room to get to 2040 - five years earlier than the Lib Dems' target year and 10 years earlier than the Tories. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50501411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470786473#13_3128053613 | Title: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Labour Party has launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan It's Time For Real Change. It sets out the policies the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Increase health budget by 4.3%
The party also wants to cut private provision in the NHS.
2. Hold a second referendum on Brexit
Labour will renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, and hold a referendum on the deal or Remain within six months
3. Raise minimum wage from £8.21 to £10
It would boost anyone over the age of 25 earning the minimum wage, known as the National Living Wage.
4. Stop state pension age rises
Pension age would remain at 66 while retirement ages for those in arduous and stressful jobs will be reviewed.
5. Introduce a National Care Service
Provide "community-based, person-centred" support in England, including free personal care.
6. Bring forward net-zero target
To put the UK on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s.
7. Nationalise key industries
The party will nationalise the so-called big six energy firms, National Grid, the water industry, Royal Mail, railways and the broadband arm of BT.
8. Scrap Universal Credit
Start work on a new benefits system to replace controversial benefit.
9. Abolish private schools' charitable status
There are also plans to scrap tuition fees and bring back maintenance grants for the poorest students.
10. Free bus travel for under-25s
Labour will also bring the railways back into public ownership.
11. Give EU nationals the right to remain
It will mean EU citizens in the UK no longer have to apply to continue living and working in the country.
12. Build 100,000 council homes a year
Start a rapid programme of homebuilding.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: The date for reducing carbon emissions to effectively zero is much sooner than the government envisages. It's not quite the neat formulation of "net zero" by 2030 that many party activists wanted (and the Green Party has promised). Instead, in one line, the document talks of achieving "the substantial majority of our emissions reductions" by 2030. In another, it mentions putting the UK "on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s". Presumably that creates enough stretch room to get to 2040 - five years earlier than the Lib Dems' target year and 10 years earlier than the Tories. This policy would apply to the whole of the UK
CONFUSED? Our simple election guide
POLICY GUIDE: Who should I vote for? POLLS: How are the parties doing? | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50501411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470786473#15_3128059183 | Title: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Labour Party has launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan It's Time For Real Change. It sets out the policies the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Increase health budget by 4.3%
The party also wants to cut private provision in the NHS.
2. Hold a second referendum on Brexit
Labour will renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, and hold a referendum on the deal or Remain within six months
3. Raise minimum wage from £8.21 to £10
It would boost anyone over the age of 25 earning the minimum wage, known as the National Living Wage.
4. Stop state pension age rises
Pension age would remain at 66 while retirement ages for those in arduous and stressful jobs will be reviewed.
5. Introduce a National Care Service
Provide "community-based, person-centred" support in England, including free personal care.
6. Bring forward net-zero target
To put the UK on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s.
7. Nationalise key industries
The party will nationalise the so-called big six energy firms, National Grid, the water industry, Royal Mail, railways and the broadband arm of BT.
8. Scrap Universal Credit
Start work on a new benefits system to replace controversial benefit.
9. Abolish private schools' charitable status
There are also plans to scrap tuition fees and bring back maintenance grants for the poorest students.
10. Free bus travel for under-25s
Labour will also bring the railways back into public ownership.
11. Give EU nationals the right to remain
It will mean EU citizens in the UK no longer have to apply to continue living and working in the country.
12. Build 100,000 council homes a year
Start a rapid programme of homebuilding.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: A TO Z: Our tool to explain election words
BREXIT: Where do the parties stand? 7. Nationalise key industries
The party will nationalise the so-called big six energy firms, National Grid, the water industry, Royal Mail, railways and the broadband arm of BT. Labour's manifesto is one of the most radical proposed overhauls of the way companies are owned and run in decades. It would mark the biggest ownership takeover by the state since the nationalisations that occurred after the outbreak of World War Two. Those companies that Labour does not want to own and operate themselves will also face a huge change in the way they are supervised by government. The current inhabitants of company boardrooms are very aware life would be very different under a Labour government. This policy would apply to the whole of the UK. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50501411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470786473#16_3128062201 | Title: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
Labour Party manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The Labour Party has launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan It's Time For Real Change. It sets out the policies the party aims to introduce should it win the election.
1. Increase health budget by 4.3%
The party also wants to cut private provision in the NHS.
2. Hold a second referendum on Brexit
Labour will renegotiate a new Brexit deal within three months, and hold a referendum on the deal or Remain within six months
3. Raise minimum wage from £8.21 to £10
It would boost anyone over the age of 25 earning the minimum wage, known as the National Living Wage.
4. Stop state pension age rises
Pension age would remain at 66 while retirement ages for those in arduous and stressful jobs will be reviewed.
5. Introduce a National Care Service
Provide "community-based, person-centred" support in England, including free personal care.
6. Bring forward net-zero target
To put the UK on track for a net-zero carbon energy system within the 2030s.
7. Nationalise key industries
The party will nationalise the so-called big six energy firms, National Grid, the water industry, Royal Mail, railways and the broadband arm of BT.
8. Scrap Universal Credit
Start work on a new benefits system to replace controversial benefit.
9. Abolish private schools' charitable status
There are also plans to scrap tuition fees and bring back maintenance grants for the poorest students.
10. Free bus travel for under-25s
Labour will also bring the railways back into public ownership.
11. Give EU nationals the right to remain
It will mean EU citizens in the UK no longer have to apply to continue living and working in the country.
12. Build 100,000 council homes a year
Start a rapid programme of homebuilding.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Labour's manifesto is one of the most radical proposed overhauls of the way companies are owned and run in decades. It would mark the biggest ownership takeover by the state since the nationalisations that occurred after the outbreak of World War Two. Those companies that Labour does not want to own and operate themselves will also face a huge change in the way they are supervised by government. The current inhabitants of company boardrooms are very aware life would be very different under a Labour government. This policy would apply to the whole of the UK. How much could Labour's nationalisation plan cost? 8. Scrap Universal Credit
Start work on a new benefits system to replace controversial benefit. Labour's plan to scrap Universal Credit deals with its immediate concerns about the much-criticised benefit. However, the party does not say what it would replace it with. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50501411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#0_3128079715 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Published
24 November 2019
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The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority. The full document ran to 59 pages. But what were the promises that the party hoped would grab the public's attention? 1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students. At present, there are just under 300,000 full-time equivalent posts. The party hopes to train more nurses by reintroducing maintenance grants of between £5,000 and £8,000 a year for students. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#1_3128082513 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: But what were the promises that the party hoped would grab the public's attention? 1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students. At present, there are just under 300,000 full-time equivalent posts. The party hopes to train more nurses by reintroducing maintenance grants of between £5,000 and £8,000 a year for students. The scrapping of these grants in 2017 was controversial and was followed by a fall in applicants. So, it is something of a U-turn. However, the policy will not involve a return to the pre-2017 policy of free tuition for nursing students. The 50,000 figure is reached by including foreign recruitment and policies for better retention of nurses. Labour promised to recruit 24,000 nurses - based on higher numbers in training - and introduce free tuition fees and maintenance grants. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#2_3128085298 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: The scrapping of these grants in 2017 was controversial and was followed by a fall in applicants. So, it is something of a U-turn. However, the policy will not involve a return to the pre-2017 policy of free tuition for nursing students. The 50,000 figure is reached by including foreign recruitment and policies for better retention of nurses. Labour promised to recruit 24,000 nurses - based on higher numbers in training - and introduce free tuition fees and maintenance grants. Healthcare is devolved so these policies would apply to England only, but Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales would benefit from the funding. 11 charts on why the NHS matters in this election
Is the NHS the best health service possible? 2.42.4.a5b3b2a
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Boris Johnson launches the party's manifesto
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020. In the least surprising promise in this manifesto, Boris Johnson made a personal guarantee that he would get Brexit "done" in January if he won a majority. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#3_3128088869 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Healthcare is devolved so these policies would apply to England only, but Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales would benefit from the funding. 11 charts on why the NHS matters in this election
Is the NHS the best health service possible? 2.42.4.a5b3b2a
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8
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media caption
Boris Johnson launches the party's manifesto
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020. In the least surprising promise in this manifesto, Boris Johnson made a personal guarantee that he would get Brexit "done" in January if he won a majority. He said that will end the political divisions in the country, but that seems unlikely. The Conservatives also promise to negotiate a trade deal with the EU next year, and confirm that they will not extend the post-Brexit transition period beyond December 2020. That is an incredibly short amount of time to finalise a trade deal of any significant ambition, and it means the EU knows in advance what the UK's negotiating deadlines are. The Conservatives say the UK will be outside the EU single market, and any form of customs union. But until we know the terms of a new relationship with the EU, it will be hard to argue that Brexit has really been done. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#4_3128092615 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: He said that will end the political divisions in the country, but that seems unlikely. The Conservatives also promise to negotiate a trade deal with the EU next year, and confirm that they will not extend the post-Brexit transition period beyond December 2020. That is an incredibly short amount of time to finalise a trade deal of any significant ambition, and it means the EU knows in advance what the UK's negotiating deadlines are. The Conservatives say the UK will be outside the EU single market, and any form of customs union. But until we know the terms of a new relationship with the EU, it will be hard to argue that Brexit has really been done. This policy would apply to the whole of the UK. What does 'Get Brexit done' mean? 3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax. There were no rabbits out of the hat, no huge tax cuts, or rises, and no big ticket new spending item. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#5_3128095478 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: This policy would apply to the whole of the UK. What does 'Get Brexit done' mean? 3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax. There were no rabbits out of the hat, no huge tax cuts, or rises, and no big ticket new spending item. By design, the tax and spend numbers were smaller than those of the Liberal Democrats and, especially, Labour. They have space to do a lot more within the new borrowing rules. But Chancellor Sajid Javid and Prime Minister Boris Johnson want to keep a tight ship. There will be a little bit more spending and a bit more tax too. But it amounts to less than 1% of the size of the economy. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#6_3128098072 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: By design, the tax and spend numbers were smaller than those of the Liberal Democrats and, especially, Labour. They have space to do a lot more within the new borrowing rules. But Chancellor Sajid Javid and Prime Minister Boris Johnson want to keep a tight ship. There will be a little bit more spending and a bit more tax too. But it amounts to less than 1% of the size of the economy. The big picture is several billion a year of extra spending, but not several tens of billions. image copyright
Getty Images
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension. Keeping the popular "triple lock" means the state pension will be increased by the CPI measure of inflation, wage growth or 2.5% each year - whichever is the highest. Critics say that keeping it in place is unaffordable and that it doesn't help the poorest and oldest pensioners who are on the old state pension. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#8_3128103751 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: But tampering with it would have been politically radical - all of the major parties have committed to it in this election. The Conservatives have learned from past mistakes. Theresa May pledged to scrap the 2.5% guarantee in the 2017 election, and was forced to abandon the pledge to win support from the DUP. This policy would apply to the whole of the UK. 5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built. Boris Johnson promised to fix the crisis in adult social care, but the manifesto contains little more than the guiding principle that no-one will have to sell their home to pay for care. As things stand, few would call these details an ambitious plan, but the Conservatives' pledge to urgently build a cross-party consensus on future care will be welcomed. The system is already at breaking point, and experts warn the extra £1bn a year promised for the next five years won't be enough to prop it up. Not least, because the money will be shared with equally overstretched children's services. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#9_3128106725 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built. Boris Johnson promised to fix the crisis in adult social care, but the manifesto contains little more than the guiding principle that no-one will have to sell their home to pay for care. As things stand, few would call these details an ambitious plan, but the Conservatives' pledge to urgently build a cross-party consensus on future care will be welcomed. The system is already at breaking point, and experts warn the extra £1bn a year promised for the next five years won't be enough to prop it up. Not least, because the money will be shared with equally overstretched children's services. The Tory calculation appears to be that it is best to say as little as possible, rather than risk being tripped up by an issue that cost them dearly at the last election. Social care is devolved so this will only apply in England. 6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero. Conservative climate policies will attract scrutiny. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#10_3128109700 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: The Tory calculation appears to be that it is best to say as little as possible, rather than risk being tripped up by an issue that cost them dearly at the last election. Social care is devolved so this will only apply in England. 6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero. Conservative climate policies will attract scrutiny. In June, they set a world-leading goal of cutting emissions to virtually zero by 2050. And they've created a boom in cheap offshore wind energy. But interim emissions targets are already slipping away. What's more, some scientists are warning that the climate needs even more urgent repair. That led the Lib Dems and SNP to propose an earlier clean-up date of 2045. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#11_3128112352 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: In June, they set a world-leading goal of cutting emissions to virtually zero by 2050. And they've created a boom in cheap offshore wind energy. But interim emissions targets are already slipping away. What's more, some scientists are warning that the climate needs even more urgent repair. That led the Lib Dems and SNP to propose an earlier clean-up date of 2045. Labour says it should be by the 2030s. The Greens want 2030 - which would mean practically all petrol and diesel vehicles banned, all homes insulated and all central heating boilers changed within a decade. So, it's not just a question of the date - it's whether the policy can be delivered. Energy policy applies to the whole of the UK, as does policy relating to exports. What is a climate emergency? | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#12_3128115044 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Labour says it should be by the 2030s. The Greens want 2030 - which would mean practically all petrol and diesel vehicles banned, all homes insulated and all central heating boilers changed within a decade. So, it's not just a question of the date - it's whether the policy can be delivered. Energy policy applies to the whole of the UK, as does policy relating to exports. What is a climate emergency? Where the UK's recycling really goes
CONFUSED? Our simple election guide
POLICY GUIDE: Who should I vote for? POLLS: How are the parties doing? | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#13_3128117516 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: Where the UK's recycling really goes
CONFUSED? Our simple election guide
POLICY GUIDE: Who should I vote for? POLLS: How are the parties doing? A TO Z: Our tool to explain election words
BREXIT: Where do the parties stand? 7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#14_3128119771 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: A TO Z: Our tool to explain election words
BREXIT: Where do the parties stand? 7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing. The UK's homes are so poorly insulated that to meet the country's 2050 climate commitments we need a nationwide programme to upgrade them. This pledge to spend £2,860 per household on improving the energy efficiency of social housing would affect 2.2m homes. But there's no mention of what would be done for those who own their own home. The claim that households could save up to £750 a year on their energy bills sounds optimistic and could only apply to homes with terrible energy efficiency. The typical saving after such work on housing, experts say, tends to be more like £50. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#15_3128122478 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: The UK's homes are so poorly insulated that to meet the country's 2050 climate commitments we need a nationwide programme to upgrade them. This pledge to spend £2,860 per household on improving the energy efficiency of social housing would affect 2.2m homes. But there's no mention of what would be done for those who own their own home. The claim that households could save up to £750 a year on their energy bills sounds optimistic and could only apply to homes with terrible energy efficiency. The typical saving after such work on housing, experts say, tends to be more like £50. The policy is dwarfed by Labour's promises of spending £9,300 per home on almost all of the 27 million homes in the UK, at a cost of £250bn. Housing is devolved so this will only apply to England. 8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK. The last Conservative manifesto reiterated the leadership's intention to reduce net migration to less than 100,000. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#16_3128125428 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: The policy is dwarfed by Labour's promises of spending £9,300 per home on almost all of the 27 million homes in the UK, at a cost of £250bn. Housing is devolved so this will only apply to England. 8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK. The last Conservative manifesto reiterated the leadership's intention to reduce net migration to less than 100,000. It became an albatross - a much-criticised target that was never achieved. Boris Johnson had already jettisoned it in favour of an Australian style points-based system, attracting "the brightest and the best". The focus on control means that fewer lower skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK. But while the Conservatives can argue this will mean less pressure on public services, it is these services which often rely on migrant labour. This policy applies to the whole of the UK. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#17_3128128270 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: It became an albatross - a much-criticised target that was never achieved. Boris Johnson had already jettisoned it in favour of an Australian style points-based system, attracting "the brightest and the best". The focus on control means that fewer lower skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK. But while the Conservatives can argue this will mean less pressure on public services, it is these services which often rely on migrant labour. This policy applies to the whole of the UK. 9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits. The Conservatives confirm they will continue the roll out of universal credit, despite the controversy that has dogged the new benefits system. As has already been announced they are ending the freeze on benefits, which will mean a 1.7% increase in the money people get next April. They also pledge to reduce the number of reassessments that people with disabilities face for their benefits, with a national strategy for disabled people promised by the end of 2020. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#18_3128131247 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: 9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits. The Conservatives confirm they will continue the roll out of universal credit, despite the controversy that has dogged the new benefits system. As has already been announced they are ending the freeze on benefits, which will mean a 1.7% increase in the money people get next April. They also pledge to reduce the number of reassessments that people with disabilities face for their benefits, with a national strategy for disabled people promised by the end of 2020. There is a commitment to reduce poverty, including child poverty, through changes to tax and benefits. But there is little detail on how ongoing complaints about the failings of universal credit will be addressed. This policy applies to the whole of the UK. image copyright
Getty Images
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470802535#19_3128134126 | Title: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
Conservative Party manifesto 2019: 13 key policies explained
The Conservative Party launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan Get Brexit Done, Unleash Britain's Potential. It sets out the policies the party aimed to introduce should it win the election, which it has now done by a huge majority.
1. Increase the number of nurses by 50,000
Reintroduce maintenance grants for nursing students.
2. Leave the EU in January
Get Brexit "done" early in 2020.
3. No income tax, VAT or National Insurance rises
A little bit more spending - and a bit more tax.
4. Pensions will rise by at least 2.5% per year
Keep the so-called triple lock on the state pension.
5. No-one will sell their home to pay for care
A cross-party consensus on care will be built.
6. Reach net zero by 2050
Meet the pledge to cut emissions to virtually zero.
7. Spend £6.3bn on 2.2 million disadvantaged homes
Improve the energy efficiency of social housing.
8. Introduce a points-based immigration system
Fewer lower-skilled migrants will be allowed into the UK.
9. Continue the roll out of universal credit
Reduce poverty through changes to tax and benefits.
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays.
11. Student finances
Freeze of tuition fees at £9,250 likely to continue.
12. A new Manchester to Leeds rail line
And there's £2bn to fill potholes.
13. Launch a democracy commission
It will look into the constitutional power balance.
What do the other parties offer?
What are the parties promising you?
Content: There is a commitment to reduce poverty, including child poverty, through changes to tax and benefits. But there is little detail on how ongoing complaints about the failings of universal credit will be addressed. This policy applies to the whole of the UK. image copyright
Getty Images
10. Create 250,000 extra childcare places
Help parents by making childcare available in the holidays. Labour and the Liberal Democrats are offering multi-billion pound, universal childcare policies for pre-school children. But for the Tories this is a much more strategic offer - aiming to create 250,000 extra childcare places during the holidays for primary school-age children - about 5% of that age group. It would cost £250m per year for three years, with £250m for one-off costs such as buildings. This recalls the era of former Labour prime minister Tony Blair, with its pre-austerity expansion of breakfast clubs, after-school clubs and holiday clubs. Much of this will be delivered through schools, so it will depend on them being able to make their premises available over the summer holidays. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50524262 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470817721#7_3128162318 | Title: SNP manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: SNP manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
SNP manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The SNP has launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan "Stronger for Scotland". It sets out the policies the party aims to introduce.
1. Stop Brexit
Keep Scotland in the EU by supporting a second Brexit referendum with Remain on the ballot paper.
2. Hold indyref2 in 2020
Ask the UK government to give the Scottish Parliament the power to hold a referendum next year on independence.
3. Increase health spending
Demand that the UK government raise health spending in the UK to match health spending in Scotland.
4. Bring a 'real' end to austerity
Press the UK government to invest in public services and the economy.
5. Scrap Trident
Get rid of the UK's nuclear deterrent and spend the money on public services.
6. Protect the NHS
Introduce a bill to protect the health service from privatisation and future trade deals.
7. Tackle Scotland's drugs crisis
Devolve drug classification powers to Holyrood.
8. Tackle the climate emergency
Demand the UK government matches Holyrood's climate change targets.
9. Devolve control of migration
Pass power over immigration to the Scottish Parliament so Scotland can have a migration system that works for its economy and society.
10. Increase paternity leave
Up the provision of paid leave for parents and encourage dads to take more time off.
11. Further devolution of work and welfare powers
Give the Scottish Parliament control of employment law and more benefits.
12. Devolve more transport powers
Give Holyrood power over train services to build better, greener public transport.
What do the other parties offer?
More on this story
Content: Health is devolved to the Scottish Parliament. 4. Bring a 'real' end to austerity
Press the UK government to invest in public services and the economy. The SNP could not form a majority government, so there's no costed budget with this manifesto. That will be for the Holyrood elections in May 2021. So there are demands for additional spending, without making clear the source of these funds. The big ask of the next chancellor is to reverse the spending squeeze over the past decade. There's a claim in the manifesto that deficit reduction measures by the Treasury have led to £13.9bn less spending on public services in Scotland (between 2010-2011 and 2019-2020) than would otherwise have been the case. While the Conservatives plan to increase the level at which employees start to pay National Insurance, the SNP wants both to freeze that level and to devolve power over that system, so that it can be integrated with Holyrood's income tax powers. The other big tax-and-spend change would be to take the £8.5bn in tax revenue projected (by the Office for Budget Responsibility) over five years from UK offshore oil and gas, and to apply it to a "net zero fund", to help the transition of energy use. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50561073 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1470817721#8_3128165501 | Title: SNP manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained - BBC News
Headings: SNP manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
SNP manifesto 2019: 12 key policies explained
The SNP has launched its 2019 election manifesto, with the slogan "Stronger for Scotland". It sets out the policies the party aims to introduce.
1. Stop Brexit
Keep Scotland in the EU by supporting a second Brexit referendum with Remain on the ballot paper.
2. Hold indyref2 in 2020
Ask the UK government to give the Scottish Parliament the power to hold a referendum next year on independence.
3. Increase health spending
Demand that the UK government raise health spending in the UK to match health spending in Scotland.
4. Bring a 'real' end to austerity
Press the UK government to invest in public services and the economy.
5. Scrap Trident
Get rid of the UK's nuclear deterrent and spend the money on public services.
6. Protect the NHS
Introduce a bill to protect the health service from privatisation and future trade deals.
7. Tackle Scotland's drugs crisis
Devolve drug classification powers to Holyrood.
8. Tackle the climate emergency
Demand the UK government matches Holyrood's climate change targets.
9. Devolve control of migration
Pass power over immigration to the Scottish Parliament so Scotland can have a migration system that works for its economy and society.
10. Increase paternity leave
Up the provision of paid leave for parents and encourage dads to take more time off.
11. Further devolution of work and welfare powers
Give the Scottish Parliament control of employment law and more benefits.
12. Devolve more transport powers
Give Holyrood power over train services to build better, greener public transport.
What do the other parties offer?
More on this story
Content: So there are demands for additional spending, without making clear the source of these funds. The big ask of the next chancellor is to reverse the spending squeeze over the past decade. There's a claim in the manifesto that deficit reduction measures by the Treasury have led to £13.9bn less spending on public services in Scotland (between 2010-2011 and 2019-2020) than would otherwise have been the case. While the Conservatives plan to increase the level at which employees start to pay National Insurance, the SNP wants both to freeze that level and to devolve power over that system, so that it can be integrated with Holyrood's income tax powers. The other big tax-and-spend change would be to take the £8.5bn in tax revenue projected (by the Office for Budget Responsibility) over five years from UK offshore oil and gas, and to apply it to a "net zero fund", to help the transition of energy use. That is a change from past SNP spending plans, which looked to oil and gas revenue to fund public services. Most taxes are decided by Westminster, including National Insurance. 5. Scrap Trident
Get rid of the UK's nuclear deterrent and spend the money on public services. The SNP has long called for the removal of Britain's nuclear-armed submarines from Scottish waters. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50561073 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1471330480#1_3129342190 | Title: UK most overweight country in Western Europe says OECD - BBC News
Headings: UK most overweight country in Western Europe says OECD
UK most overweight country in Western Europe says OECD
Britain is the most obese nation in Western Europe, with rates rising faster than any other developed nation.
Adolescent drinking 'problematic'
Health service squeeze
Content: Child and teen obesity spreading across the globe
Is this the food that is making us all fat? Weight-related deaths can affect non-obese too
British obesity rates have grown to 27% of people with a body mass index (BMI) above 30. The OECD average is 19%. Overweight people have a BMI between 25 and 30. The OECD lists the UK as one of five countries suffering from "historically high" rates of obesity since the 1990s - increasing by 92%, compared to 65% in the United States. "Obesity means higher risk of chronic illnesses, particularly hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases," the report said. image copyright
Science Photo Library
image caption
The UK obesity rate has doubled over the past two decades
The OECD recognised campaigns to fight obesity, such as the decision by hospitals in England to ban 'super-size' chocolate bars from hospital outlets, and the impending government sugar tax, but said "more could be done". A number of OECD nations, such as Australia and Canada, have managed to reduce and stabilise obesity levels in recent years, but Japan remains lowest at 4%. Britain is, however, doing better at tackling child obesity. Figures show it is stable at 24%, remaining below average over the past decade, at a time when it is increasing rapidly across the rest of Europe. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-41953530 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1471330480#2_3129344051 | Title: UK most overweight country in Western Europe says OECD - BBC News
Headings: UK most overweight country in Western Europe says OECD
UK most overweight country in Western Europe says OECD
Britain is the most obese nation in Western Europe, with rates rising faster than any other developed nation.
Adolescent drinking 'problematic'
Health service squeeze
Content: "Obesity means higher risk of chronic illnesses, particularly hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases," the report said. image copyright
Science Photo Library
image caption
The UK obesity rate has doubled over the past two decades
The OECD recognised campaigns to fight obesity, such as the decision by hospitals in England to ban 'super-size' chocolate bars from hospital outlets, and the impending government sugar tax, but said "more could be done". A number of OECD nations, such as Australia and Canada, have managed to reduce and stabilise obesity levels in recent years, but Japan remains lowest at 4%. Britain is, however, doing better at tackling child obesity. Figures show it is stable at 24%, remaining below average over the past decade, at a time when it is increasing rapidly across the rest of Europe. Adolescent drinking 'problematic'
Although smoking rates are down, harmful alcohol consumption among adolescents continues to be a problem. image caption
The OECD said drunkenness among adolescents remained a concern
The OECD found that 30.5% of 15-year-olds admit to having been drunk at least twice in their life. This is considerably higher than the 22% average. Health service squeeze
Good access to treatment remains stable for patients, although the number of doctors and nurses is down per head by 18 and 12% respectively. The report praises improvement in some cancer outcomes, with the survival rate for breast and rectal cancer surpassing the average for the first time. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-41953530 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1472462566#0_3131917051 | Title: North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea - CBBC Newsround
Headings: North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea
North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea
North Korea v South Korea
What is life like in North Korea?
Newsround in South Korea
What's it like to leave North Korea?
What is a defector?
Jun's story
Content: North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea - CBBC Newsround
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North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea
9 Jul 2019
9 July 2019
Last updated at 08:47
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To enjoy the CBBC Newsround website at its best you will need to have JavaScript turned on. WATCH: The girls who managed to escape from North Korea
Every year, over 1,000 people escape from North Korea - one of the most secretive countries in the world. They do this because in North Korea, people have to live by very strict rules. A lot of people - including children - try to escape in order to have more freedom in their lives. Many flee via China in the hope of making it to South Korea - North Korea's less strict neighbour. Newsround has been to South Korea to meet young people who've managed to escape and who now live in South Korea. Find out more about the issue below. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/48883403 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1472462566#12_3131935414 | Title: North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea - CBBC Newsround
Headings: North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea
North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea
North Korea v South Korea
What is life like in North Korea?
Newsround in South Korea
What's it like to leave North Korea?
What is a defector?
Jun's story
Content: "There was very little food [in North Korea] and I felt hopeless," she says. " No one helped us so I felt completely alone in the world. On the journey, Na-yeon had to sleep in the snow and even eat it just to survive. "There was no shelter other than the mountains," she says. " There was nowhere to stay. We couldn't knock on anyone's door in China because we'd risk being sent back." Na-yeon and Diana now go to a school which helps them to cope with what they've been through
For some arriving in South Korea, it can be difficult adjusting to such a new life. Sokeel says that friends who have done the journey have explained that it is like "coming out of a time machine". "You have to learn a lot of basic modern things, like how to type on a computer, how to use a cash machine, even how to use a bank account and public transport," he says. Na-yeon experienced this too. " | https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/48883403 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1472462566#16_3131941917 | Title: North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea - CBBC Newsround
Headings: North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea
North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea
North Korea v South Korea
What is life like in North Korea?
Newsround in South Korea
What's it like to leave North Korea?
What is a defector?
Jun's story
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WATCH: Escaped from North Korea - 'I love telling my story'
Jun escaped from North Korea when he was 17 years old. Before fleeing, he'd never seen a computer or used the internet, but now he's a YouTuber in South Korea. "I'd never used Google, YouTube or Facebook," he explains. But now, he uses the platform to share his story in English because he says he wants the world to know what life is like there. "I love telling my story to people," he says. The first time that Jun tried to leave North Korea, he went through China but he was caught and sent back. Life is made difficult for anybody who has tried to leave as they are classed as being 'hostile'. "I couldn't go back to high school after I was caught by police in China because in North Korea, everyone has a 'class'. I was 'hostile class' in North Korea so everyone avoided me," he explains. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/48883403 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1472462566#17_3131944001 | Title: North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea - CBBC Newsround
Headings: North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea
North Korea defectors: Meet young people who have fled from North to South Korea
North Korea v South Korea
What is life like in North Korea?
Newsround in South Korea
What's it like to leave North Korea?
What is a defector?
Jun's story
Content: "I love telling my story to people," he says. The first time that Jun tried to leave North Korea, he went through China but he was caught and sent back. Life is made difficult for anybody who has tried to leave as they are classed as being 'hostile'. "I couldn't go back to high school after I was caught by police in China because in North Korea, everyone has a 'class'. I was 'hostile class' in North Korea so everyone avoided me," he explains. Jun thinks that it's important that he tells his story, now that he's been able to leave North Korea
"I tried to get food every day. I didn't have my mum in North Korea because she'd already escaped in 2004. I just tried to survive every day." However, going to China had shown him what life was like in the outside world and it made him even more determined to leave North Korea. "In 2008, I tried again because I saw a lot of things in Beijing. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/48883403 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1472586082#0_3132237951 | Title: Hong Kong protests: Why are there protests against China and how did they start? - CBBC Newsround
Headings: Hong Kong protests: Why are there protests against China and how did they start?
Hong Kong protests: Why are there protests against China and how did they start?
What does China have to do with Hong Kong?
What is communism?
What happened in 2019?
Why is there a problem now?
What is the new law?
How would the law change things?
What happens now?
Content: Hong Kong protests: Why are there protests against China and how did they start? - CBBC Newsround
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Hong Kong protests: Why are there protests against China and how did they start? 28 May 2020
28 May 2020
Last updated at 09:07
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AFP
There have been lots of protests in Hong Kong in the last few years
Pictures of protests in Hong Kong have been a common sight over the last couple of years, but why are citizens protesting and what is the government in Hong Kong, and in China, doing about it? There have been protests in Hong Kong since early 2019. They originally started over a planned change in the law called the extradition bill. The bill, or law, would have meant that people accused of crimes against mainland China could be sent there from Hong Kong to go on trial. Even though that law was formally scrapped later that year, people in Hong Kong were angry about China's involvement in how the territory is run. So what is the history between China and Hong Kong? | https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/52826468 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1474517250#0_3136842493 | Title: The Story of Africa| BBC World Service
Headings:
Content: The Story of Africa| BBC World Service
African Slave Owners
Many societies in Africa with kings and hierarchical forms of government traditionally kept slaves. But these were mostly used for domestic purposes. They were an indication of power and wealth and not used for commercial gain. However, with the appearance of Europeans desperate to buy slaves for use in the Americas, the character of African slave ownership changed. GROWING RICH WITH SLAVERY
ROYALTY
In the early 18th century, Kings of Dahomey (known today as Benin) became big players in the slave trade, waging a bitter war on their neighbours, resulting in the capture of 10,000, including another important slave trader, the King of Whydah. King Tegbesu made £250,000 a year selling people into slavery in 1750. King Gezo said in the 1840's he would do anything the British wanted him to do apart from giving up slave trade: "The slave trade is the ruling principle of my people. It is the source and the glory of their wealth…the mother lulls the child to sleep with notes of triumph over an enemy reduced to slavery…"
LIVING WITNESS
Some of the descendants of African traders are alive today. Mohammed Ibrahim Babatu is the great great grandson of Baba-ato (also known as Babatu), the famous Muslim slave trader, who was born in Niger and conducted his slave raids in Northern Ghana in the 1880's. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter2.shtml |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1474878650#4_3137757026 | Title: Why Orwell’s 1984 could be about now - BBC Culture
Headings:
Why Orwell’s 1984 could be about now
Audiences around the world are re-reading George Orwell’s 1984, which is ‘a handbook for difficult times’, writes Jean Seaton.
Today it is social media that collects every gesture, purchase, comment we make online
Two plus two equals five
Content: Modelled on consumer choices, where the user is the commodity that is being marketed, the harvesting of those preferences for political campaigns is now distorting democracy. In 1984 it is a TV screen that watches you – today social media is an omniscient presence (Credit: Alamy)
Orwell understood that oppressive regimes always need enemies. In 1984 he showed how these can be created arbitrarily by whipping up popular feeling through propaganda. But in his description of the ‘Two Minutes Hate’ he also foresaw the way in which online mobs work. Obliged to watch the violent film, (as everyone is), Winston Smith observes “The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but that it was impossible to avoid joining in…A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledgehammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current”. Now political, religious and commercial organisations all trade in whipping up feelings. Orwell uncannily identified the willing collusion in hate that such movements can elicit: and of course Winston observes it in himself. So, by implication might we, in ourselves. | https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20180507-why-orwells-1984-could-be-about-now |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_33_1474878650#5_3137758866 | Title: Why Orwell’s 1984 could be about now - BBC Culture
Headings:
Why Orwell’s 1984 could be about now
Audiences around the world are re-reading George Orwell’s 1984, which is ‘a handbook for difficult times’, writes Jean Seaton.
Today it is social media that collects every gesture, purchase, comment we make online
Two plus two equals five
Content: Obliged to watch the violent film, (as everyone is), Winston Smith observes “The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but that it was impossible to avoid joining in…A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledgehammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current”. Now political, religious and commercial organisations all trade in whipping up feelings. Orwell uncannily identified the willing collusion in hate that such movements can elicit: and of course Winston observes it in himself. So, by implication might we, in ourselves. Orwell’s iconic dictator Big Brother is absurd and horrifying in equal measure (Credit: Alamy)
Then there is Orwell’s iconic dictator Big Brother: absurd and horrifying in equal measure. Orwell’s writing is rooted in the struggles between the giant ‘-isms’ that disfigured the 20th Century. He fought against Fascism as a volunteer in the Spanish Civil War (believing pacifism was a luxury paid for by other people) but realised the hollow promise of Communism, when the anti-Stalinist group he was fighting for was hunted down by the pro-Stalin faction. | https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20180507-why-orwells-1984-could-be-about-now |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_3541096#0_3827118 | Title: How to Know if You Have a Yeast Infection: 6 Steps (with Pictures)
Headings: How to Know if You Have a Yeast Infection
How to Know if You Have a Yeast Infection
Part 1
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Assessing the Symptoms Download Article
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Getting Diagnosed Download Article
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Content: How to Know if You Have a Yeast Infection: 6 Steps (with Pictures)
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Candida Infections
How to Know if You Have a Yeast Infection
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This article was medically reviewed by Lacy Windham, MD. Dr. Windham is a board certified Obstetrician & Gynecologist in Tennessee. She attended medical school at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis and completed her residency at the Eastern Virginia Medical School in 2010, where she was awarded the Most Outstanding Resident in Maternal Fetal Medicine, Most Outstanding Resident in Oncology, and Most Outstanding Resident Overall. There are 26 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 195,766 times. Experts agree that yeast infections are very common and not usually a sign of anything serious. Candida, the yeast that can cause these infections, is actually part of the normal flora of the vagina, along with good bacteria. When the balance of yeast and bacteria gets disrupted, though, this can lead to the overgrowth of Candida and symptoms like itching, burning, and abnormal discharge. | https://www.wikihow.com/Know-if-You-Have-a-Yeast-Infection |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_4090025#3_4467449 | Title: 3 Ways to Know if Your Cat Is Getting Enough Sleep - wikiHow
Headings: How to Know if Your Cat Is Getting Enough Sleep
How to Know if Your Cat Is Getting Enough Sleep
Method 1
of 3:
Identifying Symptoms Download Article
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Method 2
of 3:
Ruling Out Illnesses Download Article
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Method 3
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Helping Your Cat Sleep Download Article
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Content: While it is common for a cat to wake up during the night for a couple of hours to play or eat, staying up all night is not normal. If your cat is staying up for an extended amount of time during the night, then it may not be getting enough sleep. Since it is difficult to monitor your cat’s sleeping habits during the day, try to monitor its sleeping habits during the night instead. Senior cats generally sleep more than your average adult cat, around 80 percent of the day. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Know-if-Your-Cat-Is-Getting-Enough-Sleep-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Know-if-Your-Cat-Is-Getting-Enough-Sleep-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Know-if-Your-Cat-Is-Getting-Enough-Sleep-Step-2.jpg\/aid8786700-v4-728px-Know-if-Your-Cat-Is-Getting-Enough-Sleep-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
2
Identify restlessness in your cat. Restlessness, irritability and confusion are common signs that your cat may not be getting enough sleep. Additionally, if you notice any mood changes in your cat, then this may be an indication that your cat is not getting enough sleep. For example, if your playful, energetic cat suddenly turns into a distant, lethargic cat, then it may be suffering from a lack of sleep. If your cat seems to be hiding more often, this could be a sign that they are looking for more opportunities to sleep during the day. | https://www.wikihow.com/Know-if-Your-Cat-Is-Getting-Enough-Sleep |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_5379274#4_5946163 | Title: 16 Ways to Know the Difference Between Emo and Goth - wikiHow
Headings: How to Know the Difference Between Emo and Goth
How to Know the Difference Between Emo and Goth
Method 1
of 16:
The Origin of the Terms Goth and Emo
Method 2
of 16:
History of Goth Subculture
Method 3
of 16:
Post-Punk Beginnings
Method 4
of 16:
The Development of Goth Rock
Method 5
of 16:
Goth in the Modern World
Method 6
of 16:
The Early Beginnings of Emo Subculture
Method 7
of 16:
The 1990s Emo Revival
Method 8
of 16:
The Emo-Pop Explosion
Method 9
of 16:
Emo Revival
Method 10
of 16:
Goth Fashion
Method 11
of 16:
Emo Fashion
Method 12
of 16:
Goth Music
Method 13
of 16:
Emo Music
Method 14
of 16:
Visit a goth club.
Method 15
of 16:
Attend emo night at a local venue.
Method 16
of 16:
Dismiss stereotypes and take this as a general guideline.
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Content: History of Goth Subculture
32
33
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Listen to proto-goth for an early look at goth culture. Many cite bands such as The Velvet Underground, David Bowie, and The Doors, who were labelled "gothic rock" in 1967 due to the sound of their atmospherics and dreary use of the organ as influential goth predecessors. Nico's The Marble Index is considered is a proto-goth album and has even been citied as "the first Goth" album due to her "lyrical drone accompanied by a medieval-sounding musical landscape populated with a harpsichords and glockenspiels". Method 3
of 16: Post-Punk Beginnings
{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/22\/Be-Goth-Step-7-Version-5.jpg\/v4-460px-Be-Goth-Step-7-Version-5.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/2\/22\/Be-Goth-Step-7-Version-5.jpg\/aid7256269-v4-728px-Be-Goth-Step-7-Version-5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
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Siouxsie and The Banshees and The Cure give a snapshot of the 1980s goth sound. These artists combined lyrics with a fixation on darkness and depravity with effects-laded guitars, atmospheric basslines and tom-tom heavy or 'tribal' drums. However, it wasn't until Bauhaus released their 1979 single Bela Lugosi's Dead, in reference to the actor who played the 1931 film adaption of Bram Stoker's Dracula, that goth really became recognized as a genre and subculture. Other bands like UK Decay, Southern Death Cult, and The Danse Society were also particularly popular and influential bands during this era. Method 4
of 16: | https://www.wikihow.com/Know-the-Difference-Between-Emo-and-Goth |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_5379274#5_5949515 | Title: 16 Ways to Know the Difference Between Emo and Goth - wikiHow
Headings: How to Know the Difference Between Emo and Goth
How to Know the Difference Between Emo and Goth
Method 1
of 16:
The Origin of the Terms Goth and Emo
Method 2
of 16:
History of Goth Subculture
Method 3
of 16:
Post-Punk Beginnings
Method 4
of 16:
The Development of Goth Rock
Method 5
of 16:
Goth in the Modern World
Method 6
of 16:
The Early Beginnings of Emo Subculture
Method 7
of 16:
The 1990s Emo Revival
Method 8
of 16:
The Emo-Pop Explosion
Method 9
of 16:
Emo Revival
Method 10
of 16:
Goth Fashion
Method 11
of 16:
Emo Fashion
Method 12
of 16:
Goth Music
Method 13
of 16:
Emo Music
Method 14
of 16:
Visit a goth club.
Method 15
of 16:
Attend emo night at a local venue.
Method 16
of 16:
Dismiss stereotypes and take this as a general guideline.
Community Q&A
Did you know you can get answers researched by wikiHow Staff? Unlock staff-researched answers by supporting wikiHow
Support wikiHow by unlocking this staff-researched answer.
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COMING SOON
1
Siouxsie and The Banshees and The Cure give a snapshot of the 1980s goth sound. These artists combined lyrics with a fixation on darkness and depravity with effects-laded guitars, atmospheric basslines and tom-tom heavy or 'tribal' drums. However, it wasn't until Bauhaus released their 1979 single Bela Lugosi's Dead, in reference to the actor who played the 1931 film adaption of Bram Stoker's Dracula, that goth really became recognized as a genre and subculture. Other bands like UK Decay, Southern Death Cult, and The Danse Society were also particularly popular and influential bands during this era. Method 4
of 16: The Development of Goth Rock
44
45
5
COMING SOON
1
The second wave, spearheaded by The Sisters of Mercy, saw a shift in goth's sound. During the mid-80s the genre began to move away from its pure experimental and arty post-punk sound and started to incorporate hard rock elements. The bands' use of the drum machine is particularly notable. Their mainstream success spawned several similar sounding bands, such as Red Lorry Yellow Lorry, The Merry Thoughts, Fields of the Nephilim. Goths evolution saw the beginnings of notable offshoots, including darkwave (Clan of Xymox and Switchblade Symphony) which is post-punk crossed with new wave and synthpop, and ethereal wave (Cocteau Twins). | https://www.wikihow.com/Know-the-Difference-Between-Emo-and-Goth |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_13502343#3_15327145 | Title: How to Legally Detain a Shoplifter: 8 Steps (with Pictures)
Headings: How to Legally Detain a Shoplifter
How to Legally Detain a Shoplifter
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Content: Spot a potential shoplifter with the following signs: Suspect is looking around them to see what other customers or store employees are doing, suspect is wearing clothing that is clearly too big or loose or clothing that is not in tune with the season (big winter coats in summer), suspect is removing tags from merchandise, suspect is carrying a large bag. etc. There are some benefits to using a security camera. Not only do you watch the shoplifter via an obstructed view and you watch their attempted crime (it's not a crime until they try to leave without paying) from beginning to end, you also have the entire incident on videotape. They are very similar to a dash cam in a police car. If you have it on tape, there is little the shoplifter can do to dispute the crime they committed. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Legally-Detain-a-Shoplifter-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Legally-Detain-a-Shoplifter-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Legally-Detain-a-Shoplifter-Step-2.jpg\/aid1355023-v4-728px-Legally-Detain-a-Shoplifter-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
2
Watch the suspect constantly. Once you start to suspect that a customer may be about to shoplift, it is essential that you keep a watchful eye on them at all times, even if you have to follow them around the store. | https://www.wikihow.com/Legally-Detain-a-Shoplifter |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_13502343#4_15329377 | Title: How to Legally Detain a Shoplifter: 8 Steps (with Pictures)
Headings: How to Legally Detain a Shoplifter
How to Legally Detain a Shoplifter
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Content: They are very similar to a dash cam in a police car. If you have it on tape, there is little the shoplifter can do to dispute the crime they committed. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Legally-Detain-a-Shoplifter-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Legally-Detain-a-Shoplifter-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Legally-Detain-a-Shoplifter-Step-2.jpg\/aid1355023-v4-728px-Legally-Detain-a-Shoplifter-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
2
Watch the suspect constantly. Once you start to suspect that a customer may be about to shoplift, it is essential that you keep a watchful eye on them at all times, even if you have to follow them around the store. You must actually see the suspect select the merchandise and attempt to walk out without paying with your own two eyes. Concealing merchandise is not a crime it is only considered shoplifting if the person or persons attempt to leave with merchandise without paying. This happens frequently, especially among teenagers or the first-time shoplifter. They can get "spooked" and dump the merchandise. With a security camera, you have the luxury of someone behind the camera watching and recording the crime as well if you are on the floor. | https://www.wikihow.com/Legally-Detain-a-Shoplifter |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_42541255#6_49600986 | Title: How to Make Corn Meal Mush: 11 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Corn Meal Mush
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10
Spoon Cornmeal mush into a bowl while hot. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Make-Corn-Meal-Mush-Step-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Corn-Meal-Mush-Step-11.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Make-Corn-Meal-Mush-Step-11.jpg\/aid384970-v4-728px-Make-Corn-Meal-Mush-Step-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":306,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":485,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/2.5\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
11
Serve with maple syrup, honey, or brown sugar. Did you make this recipe? Leave a review
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This recipe makes about 3 to 4 cups of cornmeal mush. Thanks! Yes No
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Yes, you can and should. Place leftover mush in a loaf pan and put into the fridge. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Corn-Meal-Mush |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_42573536#0_49632377 | Title: How to Make Corn Whiskey (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Corn Whiskey
How to Make Corn Whiskey
Ingredients
Part 1
of 4:
Making the Corn Mash
Part 2
of 4:
Straining the Mash and Wort
Part 3
of 4:
Fermenting the Wash
Part 4
of 4:
Distilling the Corn Whiskey
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Content: How to Make Corn Whiskey (with Pictures) - wikiHow
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How to Make Corn Whiskey
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1 Making the Corn Mash
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This article was co-authored by our trained team of editors and researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness. wikiHow's Content Management Team carefully monitors the work from our editorial staff to ensure that each article is backed by trusted research and meets our high quality standards. There are 13 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 45,105 times. Learn more...
If you'd like to try your hand at homemade whiskey, corn whiskey is a great one to start with. You'll need to create a corn mash with a few basic ingredients (like crushed corn, malted barley, yeast, and sugar). Strain the liquid and distill it in a pot still. With a little time and effort, you'll soon be enjoying your own smooth, corn whiskey. Ingredients
5 gallons (19 liters) water
8.5 pounds (3.85 kg) crushed corn (also called flaked maize)
1.5 pounds (0.7 kg) crushed malted barley
1 tablespoon (14 g) active dry bread yeast
1 teaspoon sugar
1/2 cup (120 ml) warm water (for the yeast starter)
Steps
Part 1
of 4: | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Corn-Whiskey |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_42573536#1_49634629 | Title: How to Make Corn Whiskey (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Corn Whiskey
How to Make Corn Whiskey
Ingredients
Part 1
of 4:
Making the Corn Mash
Part 2
of 4:
Straining the Mash and Wort
Part 3
of 4:
Fermenting the Wash
Part 4
of 4:
Distilling the Corn Whiskey
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Content: Learn more...
If you'd like to try your hand at homemade whiskey, corn whiskey is a great one to start with. You'll need to create a corn mash with a few basic ingredients (like crushed corn, malted barley, yeast, and sugar). Strain the liquid and distill it in a pot still. With a little time and effort, you'll soon be enjoying your own smooth, corn whiskey. Ingredients
5 gallons (19 liters) water
8.5 pounds (3.85 kg) crushed corn (also called flaked maize)
1.5 pounds (0.7 kg) crushed malted barley
1 tablespoon (14 g) active dry bread yeast
1 teaspoon sugar
1/2 cup (120 ml) warm water (for the yeast starter)
Steps
Part 1
of 4: Making the Corn Mash
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1
Heat water in a large pot. Set a large pot (at least 8 gallons or 30 liters in size) on the stove. Pour in 5 gallons (19 liters) of water and put the lid on the pot. Turn the heat to high and heat the water until it reaches 165 degrees F (70 C). | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Corn-Whiskey |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_42573536#2_49636777 | Title: How to Make Corn Whiskey (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Corn Whiskey
How to Make Corn Whiskey
Ingredients
Part 1
of 4:
Making the Corn Mash
Part 2
of 4:
Straining the Mash and Wort
Part 3
of 4:
Fermenting the Wash
Part 4
of 4:
Distilling the Corn Whiskey
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Content: Making the Corn Mash
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1
Heat water in a large pot. Set a large pot (at least 8 gallons or 30 liters in size) on the stove. Pour in 5 gallons (19 liters) of water and put the lid on the pot. Turn the heat to high and heat the water until it reaches 165 degrees F (70 C). Turn off the heat. You should use a brewer's thermometer to make the corn mash and throughout the distillation process. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/06\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/0\/06\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-2.jpg\/aid8777777-v4-728px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
2
Stir in the crushed corn. Take the lid off of the pot and pour in 8.5 pounds (3.85 kg) of crushed corn. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Corn-Whiskey |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_42573536#5_49643991 | Title: How to Make Corn Whiskey (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Corn Whiskey
How to Make Corn Whiskey
Ingredients
Part 1
of 4:
Making the Corn Mash
Part 2
of 4:
Straining the Mash and Wort
Part 3
of 4:
Fermenting the Wash
Part 4
of 4:
Distilling the Corn Whiskey
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Content: Continue briefly stirring the corn every 5 minutes until the temperature reaches 152 degrees F (37 C). The corn will start to gel up when you stir it. This is because the starches are releasing and the mixture is thickening. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/bb\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/b\/bb\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-4.jpg\/aid8777777-v4-728px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
4
Stir in the malted barley. Turn off the heat and stir in 1.5 pounds (0.7 kg) of crushed malted barley. Stir it constantly for a minute or two. Put the lid back on the pot. This corn mash will start to thin out after you've added the malted barley. It's important to use malted barley, since it has the enzymes you need to turn starch into sugar. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Corn-Whiskey |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_42573536#6_49645798 | Title: How to Make Corn Whiskey (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Corn Whiskey
How to Make Corn Whiskey
Ingredients
Part 1
of 4:
Making the Corn Mash
Part 2
of 4:
Straining the Mash and Wort
Part 3
of 4:
Fermenting the Wash
Part 4
of 4:
Distilling the Corn Whiskey
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Content: Turn off the heat and stir in 1.5 pounds (0.7 kg) of crushed malted barley. Stir it constantly for a minute or two. Put the lid back on the pot. This corn mash will start to thin out after you've added the malted barley. It's important to use malted barley, since it has the enzymes you need to turn starch into sugar. You'll need that sugar to ferment the corn. Avoid using regular flaked barley. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5a\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-5.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-5.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/5\/5a\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-5.jpg\/aid8777777-v4-728px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
5
Let the mash rest for 90 minutes. This will give the grain (the malted barley) a chance to turn starch into sugar. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Corn-Whiskey |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_42573536#9_49651979 | Title: How to Make Corn Whiskey (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Corn Whiskey
How to Make Corn Whiskey
Ingredients
Part 1
of 4:
Making the Corn Mash
Part 2
of 4:
Straining the Mash and Wort
Part 3
of 4:
Fermenting the Wash
Part 4
of 4:
Distilling the Corn Whiskey
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Content: The water should be 110 degrees F (43 C). Stir in 1 teaspoon of sugar until the yeast and sugar are dissolved in the water. The yeast starter will ensure that the yeast is good and active before you add it to the mash. It will also get fermentation started right away. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/38\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-7.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-7.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/3\/38\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-7.jpg\/aid8777777-v4-728px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-7.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
7
Cool the mash. Check the temperature of the corn mash once it's rested. It should be around 70 degrees F (20 C) before you add the yeast mixture. You can either let the mash continue to sit or use an immersion chiller to cool the mash. The immersion chiller is also known as a wort chiller. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Corn-Whiskey |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_42573536#10_49653775 | Title: How to Make Corn Whiskey (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Corn Whiskey
How to Make Corn Whiskey
Ingredients
Part 1
of 4:
Making the Corn Mash
Part 2
of 4:
Straining the Mash and Wort
Part 3
of 4:
Fermenting the Wash
Part 4
of 4:
Distilling the Corn Whiskey
Did you make this recipe?
Community Q&A
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Content: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
7
Cool the mash. Check the temperature of the corn mash once it's rested. It should be around 70 degrees F (20 C) before you add the yeast mixture. You can either let the mash continue to sit or use an immersion chiller to cool the mash. The immersion chiller is also known as a wort chiller. Part 2
of 4: Straining the Mash and Wort
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1
Strain the corn mash. Set a clean bucket next to the pot of corn mash. Place a fine mesh strainer over the bucket and slowly pour the corn mash through it, so the liquid passes into the bucket and the strainer catches the solids. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Corn-Whiskey |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_42573536#11_49655817 | Title: How to Make Corn Whiskey (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Corn Whiskey
How to Make Corn Whiskey
Ingredients
Part 1
of 4:
Making the Corn Mash
Part 2
of 4:
Straining the Mash and Wort
Part 3
of 4:
Fermenting the Wash
Part 4
of 4:
Distilling the Corn Whiskey
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Content: Part 2
of 4: Straining the Mash and Wort
{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/39\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-8.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/3\/39\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-8.jpg\/aid8777777-v4-728px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
1
Strain the corn mash. Set a clean bucket next to the pot of corn mash. Place a fine mesh strainer over the bucket and slowly pour the corn mash through it, so the liquid passes into the bucket and the strainer catches the solids. Or you could scoop small amounts of the mash into a cheesecloth bag and squeeze the bag over the clean bucket. You can discard the grain solids. The liquid that you're left with after straining the solids is called wort. If you squeeze the corn mash in the cheesecloth bag, you can actually squeeze more liquid out of the mash which will get you more corn whiskey in the end. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-9.jpg\/aid8777777-v4-728px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Corn-Whiskey |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_42573536#12_49658108 | Title: How to Make Corn Whiskey (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Corn Whiskey
How to Make Corn Whiskey
Ingredients
Part 1
of 4:
Making the Corn Mash
Part 2
of 4:
Straining the Mash and Wort
Part 3
of 4:
Fermenting the Wash
Part 4
of 4:
Distilling the Corn Whiskey
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Content: Or you could scoop small amounts of the mash into a cheesecloth bag and squeeze the bag over the clean bucket. You can discard the grain solids. The liquid that you're left with after straining the solids is called wort. If you squeeze the corn mash in the cheesecloth bag, you can actually squeeze more liquid out of the mash which will get you more corn whiskey in the end. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-9.jpg\/aid8777777-v4-728px-Make-Corn-Whiskey-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
2
Aerate the wort. To aerate the wort, you want to agitate or move the liquid around, so you introduce air into it. Set out two sterilized buckets. Pour the wort into one bucket. Continue to pour t | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Corn-Whiskey |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_50197482#0_60149444 | Title: 3 Ways to Make Glitter Lip Gloss - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
Method 1
of 3:
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Method 2
of 3:
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Method 3
of 3:
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
Community Q&A
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Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
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Content: 3 Ways to Make Glitter Lip Gloss - wikiHow
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Handmade Cosmetics
Making Lip Gloss
How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
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methods
1 Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
2 Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
3 Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
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Last Updated: May 13, 2021 References Tested
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This article was co-authored by our trained team of editors and researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness. wikiHow's Content Management Team carefully monitors the work from our editorial staff to ensure that each article is backed by trusted research and meets our high quality standards. There are 9 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. The wikiHow Video Team also followed the article's instructions and verified that they work. This article has been viewed 60,388 times. Learn more...
Making your own lip gloss is fast and easy. Once you know the basics, you can make all sorts of colors and flavors. The simplest and easiest lip gloss uses just coconut oil and cake decorating pearl dust. If you want to make a more professional lip gloss, then you will need to add some beeswax and shea butter to it as well. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Glitter-Lip-Gloss |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_50197482#1_60151573 | Title: 3 Ways to Make Glitter Lip Gloss - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
Method 1
of 3:
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Method 2
of 3:
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Method 3
of 3:
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
Community Q&A
Tips
Warnings
Things You'll Need
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
References
About This Article
Did this article help you?
Content: This article has been viewed 60,388 times. Learn more...
Making your own lip gloss is fast and easy. Once you know the basics, you can make all sorts of colors and flavors. The simplest and easiest lip gloss uses just coconut oil and cake decorating pearl dust. If you want to make a more professional lip gloss, then you will need to add some beeswax and shea butter to it as well. Steps
Method 1
of 3: Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
1
Place 1 to 3 tablespoons (44.4 ml) (13 to 39 grams) of coconut oil into a small dish. You can also use a small cup, bowl, or plastic container. Because this lip gloss uses edible ingredients, it is a great project for young children. If you don't have coconut oil, use petroleum jelly or plant-based un-petroleum jelly instead. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Glitter-Lip-Gloss |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_50197482#2_60153057 | Title: 3 Ways to Make Glitter Lip Gloss - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
Method 1
of 3:
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Method 2
of 3:
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Method 3
of 3:
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
Community Q&A
Tips
Warnings
Things You'll Need
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
References
About This Article
Did this article help you?
Content: Steps
Method 1
of 3: Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
1
Place 1 to 3 tablespoons (44.4 ml) (13 to 39 grams) of coconut oil into a small dish. You can also use a small cup, bowl, or plastic container. Because this lip gloss uses edible ingredients, it is a great project for young children. If you don't have coconut oil, use petroleum jelly or plant-based un-petroleum jelly instead. Be aware that it won't be edible any more. 2
Add in a few shakes of cake decorating pearl dust. You don't need to measure out a specific amount; the more you add, the darker the color will be. Remember, you can always add more later. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Glitter-Lip-Gloss |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_50197482#3_60154392 | Title: 3 Ways to Make Glitter Lip Gloss - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
Method 1
of 3:
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Method 2
of 3:
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Method 3
of 3:
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
Community Q&A
Tips
Warnings
Things You'll Need
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
References
About This Article
Did this article help you?
Content: Be aware that it won't be edible any more. 2
Add in a few shakes of cake decorating pearl dust. You don't need to measure out a specific amount; the more you add, the darker the color will be. Remember, you can always add more later. You can find "pearl dust: in little tubes or jars in the cake decorating section of a craft store. Make sure that the label says "pearl dust" and not "color dust." Do not use cake glitter. This includes gold and silver sugar sprinkles and edible confetti. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Glitter-Lip-Gloss |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_50197482#4_60155595 | Title: 3 Ways to Make Glitter Lip Gloss - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
Method 1
of 3:
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Method 2
of 3:
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Method 3
of 3:
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
Community Q&A
Tips
Warnings
Things You'll Need
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
References
About This Article
Did this article help you?
Content: You can find "pearl dust: in little tubes or jars in the cake decorating section of a craft store. Make sure that the label says "pearl dust" and not "color dust." Do not use cake glitter. This includes gold and silver sugar sprinkles and edible confetti. It only make your lip gloss chunky and won't give you enough sparkle. 3
Stir the lip gloss until the color is even. Use a toothpick, a craft stick, or a little spoon to stir the lip gloss. Make sure that you scrape the bottom and sides of the dish. 4
Add more pearl dust if desired. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Glitter-Lip-Gloss |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_58_50197482#5_60156848 | Title: 3 Ways to Make Glitter Lip Gloss - wikiHow
Headings: How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
How to Make Glitter Lip Gloss
Method 1
of 3:
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Method 2
of 3:
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Method 3
of 3:
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
Community Q&A
Tips
Warnings
Things You'll Need
Using Coconut Oil and Cake Pearl Dust
Using Beeswax, Coconut Oil, and Shea Butter
Making Other Types of Glitter Lip Gloss
References
About This Article
Did this article help you?
Content: It only make your lip gloss chunky and won't give you enough sparkle. 3
Stir the lip gloss until the color is even. Use a toothpick, a craft stick, or a little spoon to stir the lip gloss. Make sure that you scrape the bottom and sides of the dish. 4
Add more pearl dust if desired. If the color is too light for you, simply pour more pearl dust, and stir again. Keep adding pearl dust and stirring until you get the color that you want. If the color is too dark, add a tiny bit more coconut oil. 5
Transfer the lip gloss into a small, plastic jar. The little plastic jars that you use to store beads in work great for this. | https://www.wikihow.com/Make-Glitter-Lip-Gloss |
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