Title: Herzberg's Two Factor Theory of Motivation
Headings: Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation – Maintenance and Motivational Factors and Criticism
Maintenance and Motivational Factors:
Maintenance/Hygiene Factors:
Motivational Factors:
Herzberg’s theory has been criticised on following basis:
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation – Two Dimensions of Motivation: Hygiene Factors and Motivational Factors
According to him, motivation has two dimensions:
1. Hygiene Factors:
2. Motivational Factors:
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation – Factors and Objectives
(i) Motivational Factors:
(ii) Maintenance Factors:
According to Dumette, Cumette, Campbell and Haked (1967) this theory has accomplished three important objectives:
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation
Hygiene Factors:
Motivators:
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation – Criticisms and Comparison of Maslow’s and Herzberg’s Models
Criticisms:
This theory suffers from the following criticisms:
Comparison of Maslow’s and Herzberg’s Models:
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation – Factors, Critical Appreciation and Comparison of Maslow and Herzberg Models
He asked them two questions:
The factors so identified were classified by him into two categories:
1. Motivational Factors:
Herzberg mentioned six motivational factors as:
2. Maintenance Factors:
Herzberg named ten maintenance factors as:
Critical Appreciation of Herzberg’s Model:
Criticism:
Comparison of Maslow and Herzberg Models:
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation – With Shortcomings and Conclusion
The theory is classified into two factors:
A. Hygienic or Maintenance Factors:
B. Motivators:
The Shortcomings of Herzberg’s Theory:
Conclusion:
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation – Hygiene Factors, Motivating Factors, Critical Analysis and Comparison
Various hygiene and motivating factors as follows:
i. Hygiene Factors:
ii. Motivating Factors:
Critical Analysis of the Theory:
Thinkers on the subject have argued against the theory as follows:
Comparison of Maslow and Herzberg Theories:

Content: Frederick Herzberg, Professor and Chairman, Psychology Department at Chase, Western Reserve University, Pitsburg, USA and author of “Work and Nature of Man” (World publishing Co. USA, 1966), in late 1950’s undertook intensive study of 200 engineers from 11 different companies in Pitsburgh, USA on Maslow’s ‘Motivation’ need priority model, especially on esteem and self-actualization needs. Ensuing the study, Herzberg inferred that there are two factors of motivation- (i) Hygiene factors and (ii) Motivational factors. This set many guidelines for management and its efforts in ineffective utilisation of human resources. The theory developed out of his study is known as- “Motivation Maintenance Theory” or “Motivation Hygiene Theory” and also called as “Two-Factor Theory of Motivation.” Now, let us analyse these. The idea of quite a few management personalities that money is the only motivation was changed by Herzberg’s theory of motivation. He made scientific achievement in this regard. According to him, motivation has two dimensions: (i) The factors that can cause dissatisfaction if present-Herzberg called them “Hygiene Factors”, and
(ii) Those, which lead to positive attitude and motivation, if they are present; and in their absence they lead to a negative attitude.