Title: Gender Ideology - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Headings: Gender Ideology
Gender Ideology
Social Movements and Gender
1.3 Gender and Framing Processes
Handbook of Income Distribution
12.6.3.1.3 Social Norms: Doing Gender and Identity
Social Welfare Policies and Gender
4 Gender and Explanations of Social Welfare Policies
Migration
The Impacts of Migration on Sending and Receiving Societies
Women in Buddhism
Women in Mahāyāna Buddhism
Extensive/Intensive Methods
Definitions
Viewing 21st Century Motherhood Through a Work-Family Lens
Negotiating between Work and Motherhood
Maternal and Paternal Employment, Effects of

Content: Activists linked postpartum illness to women's responsibilities for parenting, to ideas that mothers (not fathers) have to be self-sacrificing, and to the gender bias of the largely male medical establishment (Taylor 1999 ). Social movement scholars use the concept of collective identity to research the question of how challenging groups define and make sense of the question ‘who we are’ and the complex and changing process collective actors use to draw the circles that separate ‘us from them.’ Gender difference in virtually every culture is key to the way actors identify themselves as persons, organize social relations, and symbolize meaningful social events and processes. That means that the identities that social movements of all kinds create and recreate are bound to be molded, at least in part, by gender meanings and practices. For example, Taylor and Whittier ( 1992) argue that in the lesbian feminist movement of the 1970s and 1980s, the drawing of boundaries between male and female promoted the kind of oppositional consciousness necessary for organizing one's life around feminism. Similarly, some branches of the contemporary breast cancer movement frame women's commonalities in gender terms by connecting the experiences of breast cancer survivors to the societal emphasis on women's breasts as crucial to women's attractiveness to men. At the same time, such activists point out, the medical establishment has provided less funding and attention to breast cancer than to diseases that affect men more than women (Klawiter 1999 ). If gender symbolism plays an important role in the socially constructed solidarities that mobilize collective action, the development of gender solidarity is never automatic, even in women's movements. Analyzing African American women's autobiographies written before 1970, Brush ( 1999) shows that the messages that came from the civil rights movement encouraged them to interpret their grievances in terms of race rather than gender, while the women's movement made gender seem irrelevant to Black women's experiences. The tendency to see the generic ‘Black’ as male and the generic ‘woman’ as white shows that using gendered meanings to construct a group's commonalities can exclude some people, since deciding who ‘we’ are also entails deciding who ‘we’ are not (Collins 1990 ).