Title: Chapter 3: Sex Offender Typologies | Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking
Headings: Chapter 3: Sex Offender Typologies
Chapter 3: Sex Offender Typologies
by Dominique A. Simons
Findings
Introduction
Summary of Research Findings
Traditional Typologies
Child Sexual Abusers
Differences Between Child Sexual Abusers and Rapists
Pedophilic and Nonpedophilic Distinction
Types of Child Sexual Abusers
Victim Characteristic Distinction
Rapists
Rapists and Violent Offenders
Types of Rapists
Female Sexual Offenders
Internet Offenders
Limitations of Traditional Typologies: Crossover Offending
Recent Advances in the Development of Sexual Offense Patterns
Developmental Histories of Sexual Offenders
Child Sexual Abusers
Rapists
Crossover Offenders
Female Sexual Offenders
Attachment
Etiological Theory
Self-Regulation Model
Specialist vs. Generalist Model
Summary
Notes
References

Content: Pedophilic and Nonpedophilic Distinction
The most important distinction among child sexual abusers is whether they are pedophilic or nonpedophilic, because pedophilia has been shown to be a strong predictor of sexual recidivism (Hanson & Bussiere, 1998). Not all individuals who sexually assault children are pedophiles. Pedophilia consists of a sexual preference for children that may or may not lead to child sexual abuse (e.g., viewing child pornography), whereas child sexual abuse involves sexual contact with a child that may or may not be due to pedophilia (Camilleri & Quinsey, 2008). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), a diagnosis of pedophilia requires an individual to have recurrent, intense and sexually arousing fantasies, urges or behaviors directed toward a prepubescent child (generally 13 years of age or younger) over a period of at least six months; to have acted on these urges or to be distressed by them; and to be at least 16 years old and at least five years older than the child victim. The World Health Organization, which publishes the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (WHO, 2010) defines Pedophilia as a sexual preference for children, boys or girls or both, usually of prepubertal or early pubertal by an adult. Types of Child Sexual Abusers
One of the first typologies was formulated from the delineation of pedophilic and nonpedophilic child sexual abuse. Groth, Hobson and Gary (1982) classified child sexual abusers based on the degree to which the sexual behavior is entrenched and the basis for psychological needs (fixated-regressed typology). The fixated offender prefers interaction and identifies with children socially and sexually (Simon et al.,