Title: Motivation Theories: Individual Needs
Headings: Motivation Theories: Individual Needs
Principles of Management
Motivation Theories: Individual Needs
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
Herzberg's two-factor theory
Alderfer's ERG theory
McClelland's acquired needs theory

Content: In his theory, Maslow identified five levels of human needs. Table illustrates these five levels and provides suggestions for satisfying each need. Although research has not verified the strict deficit and progression principles of Maslow's theory, his ideas can help managers understand and satisfy the needs of employees. Herzberg's two-factor theory
Frederick Herzberg offers another framework for understanding the motivational implications of work environments. In his two‐factor theory, Herzberg identifies two sets of factors that impact motivation in the workplace: Hygiene factors include salary, job security, working conditions, organizational policies, and technical quality of supervision. Although these factors do not motivate employees, they can cause dissatisfaction if they are missing. Something as simple as adding music to the office place or implementing a no‐smoking policy can make people less dissatisfied with these aspects of their work. However, these improvements in hygiene factors do not necessarily increase satisfaction. Satisfiers or motivators include such things as responsibility, achievement, growth opportunities, and feelings of recognition, and are the key to job satisfaction and motivation.