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RT and Sputniknews agency are also accused of spreading false information. [ 21][22][23][24]In   the downing of  Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, the Bellingcatwebsite of Eliot Higginsgave evidence about the manipulation of satellite images released by the Russian Ministry of Defensewhich was used by RT and Sputnik news agency based in Edinburgh, Scotland. [ 25][26]
See also: Crucified Boy
Use of social media[edit]
Further information: Cyberwarfare by Russia
Russia has been accused of using social mediaplatforms to spread messages of propaganda to a global audience by spreading fake newsas well as putting out advertisements and creating pseudo-activist movements.[27] The popularity of Sputnik on social media and its use of viral, clickbaitheadlines has led it to be described as "the BuzzFeedof Propaganda" by Foreign Policymagazine. [ 28][29]
Russia was accused by the U.S. authorities for efforts to spread fake news and propaganda in an attempt to meddle in the 2016 US Presidential Election. [ 30][31]Russia is alleged to have used tactics such as creating fraudulent social media accounts, organization of political rallies and online political advertisements in an effort to help Republican presidential nominee Donald Trumpwin the election.[32] Senior executives of American social media platforms made an effort to counter alleged Russian propaganda by deleting automated accounts and alerting users of the presence of alleged misinformation on their platforms and interactions users may have had. In January 2017, Twitterestimated that approximately 677,000 users had "interacted with Russian propaganda or bots during the 2016 campaign." Three weeks later Twitter officials said that it is likely more than 1.4 million users were exposed to content stemming from these accounts. [ 33][34]In 2018, Twitter deleted approximately 200,000 tweets that were found to have stemmed from accounts linked to Russia.[35] On October 31, 2017, executives from Facebook, Google and Twitter testified on Russia's alleged use of social media in the 2016 election, before the House Intelligence Committee.[36] In an effort to combat fake news, Facebookannounced a plan in January 2018 to attempt to highlight "reliable" sources of news. [