Title: Motivation - Basic Concepts and Theories
Headings: Motivation – Basic Concepts and Theories
Motivation – Basic Concepts and Theories
Furthermore, literature distinguishes 2 types of factors that influence motivation:
Maslows hierarchy of needs
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
McClelland’s needs
Process cognitive theory
Expectancy theory by Vroom
Reactance theory by Brehm
Equity theory by Adams
Other theories
Our book recommendations on motivation

Content: people may for instance work to fulfill their personal growth needs, whereas not al relatedness needs are fulfilled. ( partly adapted from Management Study Guide)
McClelland’s needs
Based mainly on studies of managers. 3 most important needs: achievement – need for competitive success measured against a personal standard of excellence
affiliation – need for warm, friendly relationships with others, interpersonal relationships
power – need to control and influence others
The hierarchy of these three groups of needs may differ from individual to individual. Hence, there are different motivators depending on a person’s high-priority needs. Herzbergs two-factor model
There are some factors that result in satisfaction and some factors that just prevent dissatisfaction. According to Herzberg, the opposite of Satisfaction is No Satisfaction and the opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction. Motivators – factors that really motivate people, also called satisfiers, provide intrinsic motivation
Examples for Motivators: recognition, growth and career development opportunities, responsibility, autonomy, self-fulfillment
Hygiene factors – dissatisfiers; their absence would demotivate people, but their presence not necessarily improves motivation;