Title: Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults - The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
Headings: Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults
Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults
Summary
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Decline in β-cell function
Obesity-induced mechanisms
Key drivers for the development of type 2 diabetes in young people
Early life determinants
Diet and obesity
Physical activity
Socioeconomic factors
Family history
Female sex and polycystic ovarian syndrome
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Clinical characteristics
Complications
Microvascular complications
Macrovascular complications
Other complications
Treatment
Lifestyle changes
Pharmacological and surgical approaches
Table 2 Key studies showing the effectiveness of interventions to treat young-onset type 2 diabetes
Societal effects of type 2 diabetes in young people
Summary and future research directions
Search strategy and selection criteria
Contributors
Declaration of interests
References
Article Info
Publication History
Identification
Copyright
ScienceDirect
Figures
Tables

Content: Introduction
The global prevalence of diabetes in adults is about 8% (more than 90% of whom have type 2 diabetes), which is projected to increase to more than 10% by 2040. 1
International Diabetes Federation
IDF Diabetes Atlas. 7th edn. International Diabetes Federation , Brussels 2015
http://www.diabetesatlas.org
Google Scholar
Although the increasing prevalence of diabetes among older adults is well recognised, the rising number of young people with type 2 diabetes is a more recent development and is of particular concern. Earlier onset of diabetes leads to longer lifetime exposure to hyperglycaemia and consequently greater propensity for long-term complications. Additionally, the course of type 2 diabetes in young people could be more rapid and disruptive than in patients who develop the disease later in life, leading to early morbidity and poor quality of life. 2
Copeland KC
Silverstein J
Moore KR
et al. Management of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2013;