Title: Postmodern architecture - Wikipedia
Headings: Postmodern architecture
Postmodern architecture
Postmodern architecture
Contents
Origins
Notable postmodern buildings and architects
Robert Venturi
Michael Graves
Charles Moore
Philip Johnson
Frank Gehry
César Pelli
Postmodernism in Europe
Postmodernism in Japan
Concert halls – Sydney Opera House and the Berlin Philharmonic
Characteristics
Complexity and contradiction
Fragmentation
Asymmetric and oblique forms
Colour
Humour and "camp"
Theories of postmodern architecture
Relationship to previous styles
Roots of postmodernism
Changing pedagogies
Subsequent movements
Postmodern architects
Other examples of postmodern architecture
See also
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links

Content: Bottom: Piazza d'Italia, New Orleans by Charles Moore
Years active
1960-2000s
Country
international
Influences
international style
Postmodernism
Preceded by Modernism
Postmodernity
Hypermodernity
Metamodernism
Posthumanism
Postmaterialism
Post-postmodernism
Post-structuralism
Fields
anthropology
archaeology
architecture
art
criminology
dance
feminism
film
literature ( picture books)
music
philosophy
anarchism
Marxism
positivism
social construction of nature
social construction of gender
psychology
political science
theatre
theology and religion
Related
linguistic theory
linguistic determinism
semantics ( semiotics)
media studies
film theory
The medium is the message
Materialist feminism
Criticism of postmodernism
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Postmodern architecture is a style or movement which emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the international style advocated by Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. The movement was introduced by the architect and urban planner Denise Scott Brown and architectural theorist Robert Venturi in their book Learning from Las Vegas. The style flourished from the 1980s through the 1990s, particularly in the work of Scott Brown & Venturi, Philip Johnson, Charles Moore and Michael Graves. In the late 1990s, it divided into a multitude of new tendencies, including high-tech architecture, neo-futurism and deconstructivism. Contents
1 Origins
2 Notable postmodern buildings and architects
2.1 Robert Venturi
2.2 Michael Graves
2.3 Charles Moore
2.4 Philip Johnson
2.5 Frank Gehry
2.6 César Pelli
3 Postmodernism in Europe
4 Postmodernism in Japan
5 Concert halls – Sydney Opera House and the Berlin Philharmonic
6 Characteristics
6.1 Complexity and contradiction
6.2 Fragmentation
6.3 Asymmetric and oblique forms
6.4 Colour
6.5 Humour and "camp"
7 Theories of postmodern architecture
8 Relationship to previous styles
9 Roots of postmodernism
10 Changing pedagogies
11 Subsequent movements
12 Postmodern architects
13 Other examples of postmodern architecture
14 See also
15 Footnotes
16 References
17 Bibliography
18 Further reading
19 External links
Origins
Postmodern architecture emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against the perceived shortcomings of modern architecture, particularly its rigid doctrines, its uniformity, its lack of ornament, and its habit of ignoring the history and culture of the cities where it appeared. In 1966, Venturi formalized the movement in his book, Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. Venturi summarized the kind of architecture he wanted to see replace modernism: I speak of a complex and contradictory architecture based on the richness and ambiguity of modern experience, including that experience which is inherent in art... I welcome the problems and exploit the uncertainties... I like elements which are hybrid rather than "pure", compromising rather than "clean", ...accommodating rather than excluding... I am for messy vitality over obvious unity... I prefer "both-and" to "either-or", black and white, and sometimes gray, to black or white... An architecture of complexity and contradiction must embody the difficult unity of inclusion rather than the easy unity of exclusion. In place of the functional doctrines of modernism, Venturi proposed giving primary emphasis to the façade, incorporating historical elements, a subtle use of unusual materials and historical allusions, and the use of fragmentation and modulations to make the building interesting.