Title: Sulfonamide (medicine) - Wikipedia
Headings: Sulfonamide (medicine)
Sulfonamide (medicine)
Contents
Function
History
Preparation
Varieties
Side-effects
See also
References
External links

Content: hence medications containing sulfonamides are prescribed carefully. Sulfonamide drugs were the first broadly effective antibacterials to be used systemically, and paved the way for the antibiotic revolution in medicine. Contents
1 Function
2 History
3 Preparation
4 Varieties
5 Side-effects
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Function
Main article: Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor
In bacteria, antibacterial sulfonamides act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), an enzyme involved in folate synthesis. Sulfonamides are therefore bacteriostatic and inhibit growth and multiplication of bacteria, but do not kill them. Humans, in contrast to bacteria, acquire folate (vitamin B 9) through the diet. Structural similarity between sulfonilamide (left) and PABA (center) is the basis for the inhibitory activity of sulfa drugs on tetrahydrofolate (right) biosynthesis. Sulfonamides are used to treat allergies and cough, as well as antifungal and antimalarial functions. The moiety is also present in other medications that are not antimicrobials, including thiazide diuretics (including hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone, and indapamide, among others), loop diuretics (including furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide ), acetazolamide, sulfonylureas (including glipizide, glyburide, among others), and some COX-2 inhibitors (e.g., celecoxib ). Sulfasalazine, in addition to its use as an antibiotic, is also used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.