Title: Kidney Disease Among African Americans: A Population Perspective - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Headings: Kidney Disease Among African Americans: A Population Perspective
Kidney Disease Among African Americans: A Population Perspective
Index Words
Introduction
Race and Health in the United States
Major CKD Risk Factors
Impact of Health Beliefs and Behaviors on CKD
Social Determinants of Health
Population-Level Health
Conclusions and Future Directions
References
Article Info
Footnotes
Identification
Copyright
ScienceDirect
Figures
Tables

Content: 2004; 36: S13-S15
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They also reflect variations in gene expression (epigenetics) due to the varying social, physical, and psychological environments driven by the social structure. 10
Norris K.C.
Williams S.F.
Rhee C.M.
et al. Hemodialysis disparities in African Americans: the deeply integrated concept of race in the social fabric of our society. Semin Dial. 2017; 30: 213-223
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Probably the most direct impact of race on health for African Americans is being relegated to a dramatic and persistent degree of low socioeconomic status due to institutionalized policies and practices that perpetuate residential segregation, low-quality public school systems, and greater risk for violent death.