Title: CREST syndrome - Wikipedia
Headings: CREST syndrome
CREST syndrome
Contents
Signs and symptoms
Calcinosis
Raynaud's phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasias
Other
Cause
Diagnosis
Treatment
Epidemiology
History
See also
References
External links

Content: Diagnosis
CREST is not easily diagnosed as it closely mimics symptoms of other connective tissue and autoimmune diseases. Diagnoses are usually given when a patient presents two or more of the five major clinical symptoms. Additionally, blood exams can be given to test for a positive ANAs and ACAs or skin biopsies can be given to help confirm a diagnosis. Treatment
Disease progression may be slowed with immunosuppressives and other medications, and esophageal reflux, pulmonary hypertension and Raynaud phenomenon may benefit from symptomatic treatment. However, there is no cure for this disease as there is no cure for scleroderma in general. Epidemiology
CREST syndrome can be noted in up to 10% of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. History
The combination of symptoms was first reported in 1964 by R.H. Winterbauer, at that point a medical student at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. See also
Scleroderma
References
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