Title: Motivation Theories: Top 8 Theories of Motivation – Explained!
Headings: Motivation Theories: Top 8 Theories of Motivation – Explained!
Motivation Theories: Top 8 Theories of Motivation – Explained!
1. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory:
These are now discussed one by one:
1. Physiological Needs:
2. Safety Needs:
3. Social Needs:
4. Esteem Needs:
5. Self-Actualisation Needs:
The main criticisms of the theory include the following:
2. Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory:
He asked these people to describe two important incidents at their jobs:
However, Herzberg’s model is labeled with the following criticism also:
3. McClelland’s Need Theory:
They are defined as follows:
Need for Achievement:
Through his research, McClelland identified the following three characteristics of high-need achievers:
Need for Power:
People who have a high need for power are characterized by:
Need for Affiliation:
The people with high need for affiliation have these characteristics:
4. McGregor’s Participation Theory:
Theory X is based on the following assumptions:
On the contrary, Theory Y assumes that:
5. Urwick’s Theory Z:
The two propositions in Urwicks’s theory are that:
Theory Z is based on the following four postulates:
6. Argyris’s Theory:
7. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory:
Thus, the key constructs in the expectancy theory of motivation are:
1. Valence:
2. Expectancy:
3. Instrumentality:
However, Vroom’s expectancy theory has its critics. The important ones are:
8. Porter and Lawler’s Expectancy Theory:
Effort:
Performance:
Satisfaction:

Content: Porter and Lawler’s Expectancy Theory. From the very beginning, when the human organisations were established, various thinkers have tried to find out the answer to what motivates people to work. Different approaches applied by them have resulted in a number of theories concerning motivation. These are discussed in brief in that order. 1. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory: It is probably safe to say that the most well-known theory of motivation is Maslow’s need hierarchy theory Maslow’s theory is based on the human needs. Drawing chiefly on his clinical experience, he classified all human needs into a hierarchical manner from the lower to the higher order. ADVERTISEMENTS: In essence, he believed that once a given level of need is satisfied, it no longer serves to motivate man.