Title: Tribal sovereignty in the United States - Wikipedia
Headings: Tribal sovereignty in the United States
Tribal sovereignty in the United States
Contents
Native American sovereignty and the Constitution
Early history
The Marshall Trilogy, 1823–1832
Indian Appropriations Act of 1871
United States v. Kagama (1886)
Empowerment of tribal courts, 1883
The General Allotment Act (Dawes Act), 1887
Twentieth-century developments
Revenue and Indian Citizenship acts, 1924
Iron Crow v. Oglala Sioux Tribe (1956)
Indian Reorganization Act, 1934
Public Law 280, 1953
Tribal governments today
Tribal courts
Nation to nation: tribes and the federal government
Tribal state relations: sovereign within a sovereign
List of cases
See also
Notes
References
External links

Content: This was steadfastly opposed by Native Americans. Currently, the U.S. recognizes tribal nations as "domestic dependent nations" and uses its own legal system to define the relationship between the federal, state, and tribal governments. Contents
1 Native American sovereignty and the Constitution
2 Early history
2.1 The Marshall Trilogy, 1823–1832
2.2 Indian Appropriations Act of 1871
2.3 United States v. Kagama (1886)
2.4 Empowerment of tribal courts, 1883
2.5 The General Allotment Act (Dawes Act), 1887
3 Twentieth-century developments
3.1 Revenue and Indian Citizenship acts, 1924
3.2 Iron Crow v. Oglala Sioux Tribe (1956)
3.3 Indian Reorganization Act, 1934
3.4 Public Law 280, 1953
4 Tribal governments today
4.1 Tribal courts
4.2 Nation to nation: tribes and the federal government
4.3 Tribal state relations: sovereign within a sovereign
5 List of cases
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Native American sovereignty and the Constitution
The United States Constitution mentions Native American tribes three times: Article I, Section 2, Clause 3 states that "Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States ... excluding Indians not taxed." According to Story's Commentaries on the U.S. Constitution, "There were Indians, also, in several, and probably in most, of the states at that period, who were not treated as citizens, and yet, who did not form a part of independent communities or tribes, exercising general sovereignty and powers of government within the boundaries of the states." Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution states that "Congress shall have the power to regulate Commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes", determining that Indian tribes were separate from the federal government, the states, and foreign nations; and
The Fourteenth Amendment, Section 2 amends the apportionment of representatives in Article I, Section 2 above. These basic provisions have been changed or clarified by various federal laws over the history of the United States.