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Content: The tax increase slowed the U.S. economy. In addition, spending on the Vietnam war hurt the U.S. balance of trade, and that led to an international monetary crisis and threat to U.S. gold reserves in 1967-68. Many of the problems were left to the Nixon and Ford administrations to deal with. A hike in food prices, in particular, led to wage and price controls from 1971-73, an embargo on exports of soybeans and cottonseed and a freeze on beef prices in 1973. All of those actions, precipitated by the Vietnam War, hurt farmers. The "ecocide" of Vietnam. In Vietnam, American military strategists set out to deliberately destroy much of the farmland and rice paddies that fed the enemy and the jungle environment that hid their troops. The tools were a massive bombing campaign and technology borrowed from American agricultural innovation – powerful chemical herbicides. Critics charge that this was a policy of conventional and chemical warfare that created the "ecocide" of Vietnam – the destruction of entire ecology of vast regions. Vietnam was the most heavily bombed country in history.