Title: 
Headings: 

Content: Cultural Anthropology: A toolkit for a global age Flashcards | Quizlet
Start studying Cultural Anthropology: A toolkit for a global age. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Search
Create
Log inSign up
Log inSign up
Cultural Anthropology: A toolkit for a global age
STUDY
Flashcards
Learn
Write
Spell
Test
PLAY
Match
Gravity
Created by
regveg
Terms in this set (138)
Anthropology
The study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better understand one another
ethnocentrism
the belief that your culture is the norm; using your culture as a basis to judge other cultures
ethnographic fieldwork
research strategy involving living with community of people over extended period of time. " walking in their shoes"
whiteness
A culturally constructed concept originating in the 1961 Virginia designed to establish clear boundaries of who is white and who is not, a process central to the formation of US racial stratification
white supremacy
The belief that whites are biologically different and superior to people of other races
minah karan
Malay women -- "sexual electricity" changing the workforce in Malaysia
miscegenation
A demeaning historical term for interracial marriage
Dominican Republic race terms
Spectrum based on skin tone
Brazilian race terms
color terms tracking racial background through perceived skin tone
colonialism
The practice by which a nation-state extends political, economic, and military power beyond its own borders over an extended period of a time to secure access to raw materials, cheap labor, and markets in other countries or regions
phenotype
The way genes are expressed in an organism's physical form as a result of genotype interaction with environmental factors
genotype
The inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an organism's physical form
racism
Individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and policies that create unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities based on imagined differences among groups
race
A flawed system of classification, with no biological basis, that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups
Jim Crow
Laws implemented after the US Civil War to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the South after the end of slavery
hypodescent
Sometimes called the "one drop of blood rule"; the assignment of children of racially "mixed" unions to the subordinate group
nativism
Favoring certain long-term inhabitants over new immigrants
eugenics
A pseudoscience attempting to scientifically prove the existence of separate human races to improve the population's genetic composition by favoring some races over others
racialization
To categorize, differentiate, and attribute a particular racial character to a person or group of people
individual racism
Personal prejudiced beliefs and discriminatory actions based on race
institutional racism
Patterns by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions, policies, and systems
racial ideology
A set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational, and normal
culture
A system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and institutions that are created, learned, and shared by a group of people
enculturation
The process of learning culture
norms
Ideas or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or toward certain other people
values
Fundamental beliefs about what is important, true, or beautiful, and what makes a good life
cultural behaviors
Patterned, consistent, but not universal
chronomics
Timing between answers in conversations
haptics
Communication through touch
mental maps of reality
Cultural classifications of what kinds of people and things exist, and the assignment of meaning to those classifications
cultural relativism
Understanding a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context, without making judgements
unilineal cultural evolution
The theory proposed by nineteenth-century anthropologists that all cultures naturally evolve through the same sequence of stages from simple to complex
Franz Boas
Historical particularism and ideas of cultural borrowing to explain similarities and salvage ethnography -> the four field approach
historical particularism
The idea, attributed to Franz Boas, that cultures develop in specific ways because of their unique histories
structural functionalism
A conceptual framework proposing that each element of a society serves a particular function to keep the entire system in equilibrium
interpretivist approach
A conceptual framework that sees culture primarily as a symbolic system of deep meaning -- ie. winks vs. twitches
power
The ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence
stratification
The uneven distribution of resources and privileges among participants in a group or culture
hegemony
The ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force
two aspects of power
1) Material power (political, economic, or military) and 2) hegemony
agency
The potential power of individuals and groups to contest cultural norms, values, symbols, mental maps of reality, institutions, and structures of power
homogenizing effect
Global corporations, markets, and products (like McDonald's) spread across cultures and normalize ideas and diminish diversity
cosmopolitanism
A global outlook emerging in response to increasing globalization
language
A system of communication organized by rules that uses symbols such as words, sounds, and gestures to convey information
productivity
The linguistic ability to use known words to invent new word combinations
displacement
The ability to use words to refer to objects not immediately present or events occurring in the past or future
descriptive linguistics
The study of the sounds, symbols, and gestures of a language, and their combination into forms that communicate meaning
phonemes
The smallest units of sound that can make a difference in meaning
phonology
The study of what sounds exist and which ones are important for a particular language
morphemes
The smallest units of sound that carry meaning on their own
morphology
The study of patterns and rules of how sounds combine to make morphemes
syntax
The specific patterns and rules for constructing phrases and sentences
grammar
The combined set of observations about the rules governing the formation of morphemes and syntax that guide language use
kinesics
The study of the relationship between body movements and communication
paralanguage
An extensive set of noises (such as cries) and tones of voice that convey significant information about the speaker
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
The idea that different languages create different ways of thinking
Ferdinand de Saussure
Proposed theories of language that assumed an underlying structure to all the world's languages.