Title: Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula | Concise Medical Knowledge
Headings: Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
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Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Overview
Definitions
Epidemiology
Etiology
Classification of EA and TEF
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
Clinical presentation
Prenatal diagnosis
Diagnosis in the infant
Management and Prognosis
Management
Supportive:
Prognosis
Differential Diagnosis
References

Content: an esophageal motility disorder that presents with dysphagia, regurgitation, and occasional chest pain. The pathogenesis involves an incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), increased LES tone, and esophageal dysmotility. Manometry and barium swallow are utilized for diagnosis. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: caused by a failure of the pleuroperitoneal membrane to fuse, resulting in persistent communication between the thorax and the abdomen. This communication leads to abdominal organ herniation, lung compression, and eventually bilateral lung hypoplasia. The condition can also present with respiratory failure. GERD: can present with recurrent regurgitation, cough, stridor, wheezing, and poor weight gain. The disease process involves an inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and is exacerbated by mucosal damage of the lower esophagus from exposure to gastric acid.