Title: Transverse Tubular System - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Headings: Transverse Tubular System
Transverse Tubular System
Cardiovascular Physiology
Transverse Tubules
Ion Channel Trafficking
T-Tubules
Functional Organization of Vertebrate Plasma Membrane
2.4 T-tubules, physiology, and disease
Skeletal Muscle
T-tubules Are Surface Invaginations; the SR Is an Internal Membrane System
Cardiac Rhythm
4.2.1 Ca++ Regulation
Cardiovascular Physiology
Membrane Depolarization and Activator Calcium
Structure and Function of Calcium Release Channels
2 T Tubules and CRUs Revert to More Primitive Forms Under Pathological Conditions
Ion Channel Trafficking in the Heart
Ca V 1.2 Channel Trafficking in the Heart
Ca V 1.2 Forward Trafficking in Normal Heart Physiology
Ca V 1.2 Forward Trafficking in Heart Pathophysiology
Accessory Proteins Involved in Ca V 1.2 Targeted Delivery
T-Tubules and Ca V 1.2 Regulation in Normal Heart Physiology
T-Tubules and Ca V 1.2 Regulation in Heart Pathophysiology
Ca V 1.2 Internalization
Muscles
Coupling Action Potentials to Contraction
Skeletal Muscle Excitability
AIII Further Evidence that the T-Tubules Fire Na + -Dependent AP s

Content: T-tubules first appear at about 30 weeks gestation in humans ( Kim et al., 1992 ). View chapter Purchase book
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URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323066129000043
Ion Channel Trafficking
T.T. Hong, R.M. Shaw, in Ion Channels in Health and Disease, 2016
T-Tubules
T-tubule membrane is associated with a unique set of ion channels supported by membrane structural subdomains. 23 Immunocytochemistry and patch clamp data indicate that 80% of the sarcolemma LTCCs are concentrated at T-tubules. Localization of LTCCs to T-tubules is critical in bringing LTCCs to the vicinity of calcium sense and release channel RyR at SR membrane. Approximation of LTCCs and RyRs form a functional microdomain, the cardiac dyads, which are the individual calcium-releasing units in cardiomyocytes. As discussed earlier, Targeted Delivery also applies to Cav1.2 channel localization to T-tubule surface, which requires a membrane scaffolding protein BIN1. 26 Interestingly, BIN1 also forms minifolds within T-tubules, affecting extracellular ion diffusion thereby controlling the driving force of Cav1.2 channel activity. 6 BIN1-folded subdomains within T-tubules may also limit LTCC lateral diffusion once the channels are inserted into T-tubule membrane, to maintain functional LTCC-RyR dyads.