Title: Gender Socialization | Socialization | Gender Role
Headings: Gender Socialization
Gender Socialization
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1
REENA MERIN CHERIAN
DATE : 23RD JANUARY, 2009
Toys for boys tend to encourage exploration, manipulation, invention,
Girls? Toys typically rate high on creativity, nurturance, and
Socialization is the process by which children and adults learn from
musical technique from a friend we like. Socialization is of several
Natural socialization occurs when infants and youngsters explore, play
Positive socialization is the type of social learning that is based on
AGENCIES PROMOTING GENDER SOCIALIZATION
1. The family being the integral part of every individual
2. Education also acts as key agency in developing gender
This socialization of femininity begins much earlier than the
Teachers socialize girls towards a feminine ideal. Girls are
likely to rank independence and competence as more
Clearly the socialization of gender is reinforced at school,
4. Under the secondary socialization, are the work environment,
when Andre Aggassi broke down after loosing in the men’s
5. The mass media which serve as a medium of communication
6. Religion is a major agency of socialization because it embodies
In conclusion, it is from the agencies of socialization that we learn how
END PRODUCTS OF GENDER SOCIALIZATION
There are several end products or consequences of gender
Gender Identity: Perception of Difference in Gender
self concept involving a person’s self concept as male or a female.
4. Gender role identification: the degree to which an individual
What is Early Gender Socialization and how early does it start?
“What are little boys made of?
At the process starts at birth and involves learning cultural roles
CONCEPTION Child learns social categories
Sex identity becomes clear
THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION
It is also clear from the comments received that gender socialization is
Theories on Gender Socialization
Early Childhood Gender Socialization
(Three types of theories explain gender socialization:
• Freud’s psychoanalytic theory focuses on children’s observations
• Social learning theories are behaviorist theories that rely on
• Cognitive developmental theories posit that “children learn
One problem with some variants of this perspective is the assumption
She recommends substituting an “individual differences” lens that
What characteristics of male and female gender roles can lead to
There is a universal pattern of gender role expectations that can be
Among the contributors to the discussion, Malaak Zalouk eloquently
Jennifer Strauss commented: “We need to emphasize the common
How can we improve our understanding and promote positive
Gary Barker reminded us that ’positive’ is a relative term and is
A summary of recommendations made by several contributors (based
This list of recommendations for positive gender socialization is a good
This draws attention to an important socialization process that starts at
SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTIONS
As social workers gender socialization should be regarded as a tool to
• Chinoy, Ely (1961) Society: An Introduction to Sociology, New
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Content: The term sex and gender are used interchangeably but the literary
meaning is different from its usual usage sex is defined in biological
terms, the exact definition calls for, “maleness or femaleness as
determined by genetic factors present at conception that result in
anatomical and physiological factors.” This indicates the influence of
factors like genes (i.e. whether the chromosome combination is XX or
XY), the effect of hormones largely referring to gonadotropin and the
presence of characteristic physiological factors. However gender refers
to everything associated with an individual’s sex that is societal roles,
expectations, behaviors, preferences and attributes that define a male
or after male in a particular culture. It is defined as “the attributes,
behavior, personality characteristics and expectancies associated with
a person’s biological sex in a given culture. Gender differences can be
erased on biology learning and the combination of the two.” SOCIALIZATION
Socialization is the process by which children and adults learn from
others. We begin learning from others during the early days of life; and
most people continue their social learning all through life (unless some
mental or physical disability slows or stops the learning process). Sometimes the learning is fun, as when we learn a new sport, art or
f 3
musical technique from a friend we like. Socialization is of several
types.