Title: Gender-responsive prisons - Wikipedia
Headings: Gender-responsive prisons
Gender-responsive prisons
Contents
Gender bias vs gender responsiveness
What is gender-responsiveness for women offenders in the criminal justice system?
History
The National Institute of Corrections Gender-Responsive Project
Effect on youth
Risk factors and needs for women in the criminal justice system
Marital status and children
Victimization
Mental health
Substance abuse
Assessment
Reproductive oppression
Opposition
Intersectionality
Queer and trans politics
Penal politics
Rehabilitation
Health
Abolitionist approaches
See also
References
Further reading

Content: They also engage in offenses for different reasons than male offenders
They pose less of a threat of violence across criminal justice systems than male offenders
They follow different pathways into criminal behavior than male offenders
Given these differences, the Prisons Division of the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) began to work alongside the University of Cincinnati to research improved strategies for identifying female offenders. The rationale behind this stemmed from the fact that female offenders were often economically marginalized, less violent than men, and more likely to experience childhood and adult victimization, substance abuse, and diagnoses of mental illness. The research aimed to investigate whether these differences required different correctional strategies. The NIC Gender-Responsive Project (NIC GRP) started with a pilot project in Colorado in 1999. It eventually expanded into three larger projects that took place in Maui, Missouri, and Minnesota. At the project sites, female offenders’ gender-specific risk and need factors (including victimization, mental health issues, marginalization, relationship difficulties, and substance abuse) were examined to determine whether they increased the risk for institutional misconduct or community recidivism. They were also used to determine if these factors affected the classification of women in prisons. Overall, these studies supported the use of gender-responsive frisk factors in correctional classification systems. In general, the results indicated that female offenders with gender-responsive risk factors adapted poorly to the prison environment. They were also more likely to incur serious misconduct violations within a year of incarceration in comparison to female offenders who did not display these characteristics.