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Content: separated church and state; established marriage as a civil contract; placed cemeteries and vital statistics under civil control; proclaimed
        freedom
        of religion, speech, and the press; and secularized schools and charities. The 1857 Constitution enshrined the reformers' aspirations. Many Mexicans suffered terribly during the years of turmoil. The contradictory
          demands of church and state were impossible to obey. For example, the
          liberal government required officeholders to take an oath of loyalty
          to the 1857 Constitution, while church authorities forbade the faithful
          to take the oath. To disobey the government meant the loss of employment;