Title: Immigrant health care in the United States - Wikipedia
Headings: Immigrant health care in the United States
Immigrant health care in the United States
Contents
Overview
Accessibility
Healthcare providers
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Quality of care
Costs of health care
Demographics
Children
Hispanics and Latinos
Asians
Africans
Women
Barriers to care
Structural barriers
Lack of health insurance
Citizenship status
Financial costs
Social barriers
Language
Social and cultural familiarity
Health care in immigration detention centers
Hygiene and sanitation
Medical services
Mental health
Reproductive and sexual health
Science communication of immigrant health in detention centers
Demonstrations and protests
Whistleblowers
Public opinion
Support for immigrant health care benefits
Opposition to immigrant health care benefits
Healthy Migrant Theory
Policy reform and proposals
See also
References

Content: PRWORA, in particular, created stricter requirements for immigrants' eligibility for Medicaid and similar federal insurance programs. This legislative move largely shifted responsibility for immigrant health care from the federal government to the state and local levels; as such, its impact varies across states. Generally, the provisions of PRWORA prevent immigrants from accessing federal benefits like the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) until after they have held lawful permanent residency for five years (except in cases of emergency). However, several states have responded by fully funding Medicaid-covered services, thus expanding eligibility; among these include states of Illinois, New York, the District of Columbia, and some counties in California. These services differ accordingly, with some providing the same coverage as Medicaid or SCHIP, while others limit coverage to specific categories of immigrants. Conversely, other states like Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, and Virginia, have implemented laws that further restrict noncitizens' access to health care. Legislation of similar nature include the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, which requires proof of identity and U.S. citizenship from all those applying for/renewing Medicaid coverage. In contrast to PRWORA, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) of 1985 provides emergency medical care to all, without any requirements of proof of citizenship or residency.