Title: 
Headings: Trends in U.S. Corrections
Trends
 
in
 
U.S.
 
Corrections

U.S.
 
State
 
and
 
Federal
 
Prison
 
Population,
 
1925-2019

MASS
 
INCARCERATION

State
 
Expenditures
 
on
 
Corrections
 
in
 
Billions,
 
1985-2019

State
 
&
 
Federal
 
Prison
 
Population
 
by
 
Offense

Federal
 
(2019)
State
 
(2018)

46%
 
Drug
          
14%

5%
 
Property
          
16%

Public
 
Order
          
12%

Other
          
0.6%

Population
 
Under
 
Control
 
of
 
the
 
U.S.
 
Corrections
 
System,
 
1980
 
and
 
2018

Prison
 
Jail

Number
 
of
 
People
 
in
 
Prisons
 
and
 
Jails
 
for
 
Drug
 
Offenses,
 
1980
 
and
 
2019

State
 
Prisons
Federal
 
Prisons
Jails

DRUG
 
POLICY

Number
 
of
 
Sentenced
 
People
 
in
 
Federal
 
Prisons
 
for
 
Drug
 
Offenses,
 
1980-2019

All
 
offenses
Drug
 
offenses

WOMEN

Number
 
of
 
Women
 
in
 
State
 
and
 
Federal
 
Prisons,
 
1980-2019

Federal
 
Prison

Highest
 
and
 
Lowest
 
State
 
Incarceration
 
Rates
 
(per
 
100,000),
 
2019

Women
 
(All
 
States
 
=
 
54)
Men
 
(All
 
States
 
=
 
698)

RACIAL
 
DISPARITIES

People
 
in
 
State
 
and
 
Federal
 
Prisons,
 
by
 
Race
 
and
 
Ethnicity,
 
2019

White
31%
422,800

White
 
women
     
48

White
 
men

Latinos

Lifetime
 
Likelihood
 
of
 
Imprisonment
 
of
 
U.S.
 
Residents
 
Born
 
in
 
2001


 
in
 
56


 
in
 
45

YOUTH

Number
 
of
 
Youth
 
Committed
 
to
 
Juvenile
 
Facilities,
 
1999-2017

Rate
 
of
 
Secure
 
Placement
 
of
 
Juveniles
 
per
 
100,000,
 
by
 
Race
 
and
 
Ethnicity,
 
2017

Asian
       
1
1

Number
 
of
 
Youth
 
Confined
 
in
 
Jails
 
and
 
State
 
Prisons,
 
1985-2019

Youth
 
in
 
adult
 
prisons:
 
653

FELONY
 
DISENFRANCHISEMENT

Prison,
 
parole
&
 
probation
Prison,
 
parole,
 
probation
&
 
post-sentence

Rate
 
of
 
Disenfranchisement,
 
by
 
Race/Ethnicity,
 
2020

All
 
Others
          
1.6%

Disenfranchised
 
Population
 
by
 
Incarceration
 
Status,
 
2020

LIFE
 
SENTENCES

Number
 
of
 
People
 
Serving
 
Life
 
Sentences,
 
1984-2020

Percent
 
of
 
Life
 
Sentenced
 
Population
 
Who
 
Are
 
55
 
and
 
Older

Less
 
than
 
55
70%


Content: Washington,
 
DC: Bureau
 
of
 
Justice
 
Statistics. RACIAL
 
DISPARITIES
Black
 
men
 
are
 
six
 
times
 
as
 
likely
 
to
 
be
 
incarcerated
 
as
 
white
 
men
 
and
 
Latinos
 
are
 
2.5
 
times
 
as
 
likely. For
 
Black
 
men
 
in
 
their
 
thirties,
 
about
 
1
 
in
 
every
 
12
 
is
 
in
 
prison
 
or
 
jail
 
on
 
any
 
given
 
day. People
 
in
 
State
 
and
 
Federal
 
Prisons,
 
by
 
Race
 
and
 
Ethnicity,
 
2019
White
31%
422,800
Black
33%
 
452,800
Latinx
23%
 
320,700
Other
13%
 
180,000
Source: Carson,
 
E.A.
 
(2021). Prisoners
 
in
 
2019. Washington,
 
DC: Bureau
 
of
 
Justice
 
Statistics. Rate
 
of
 
Imprisonment
 
per
 
100,000,
 
by
 
Gender,
 
Race,
 
and
 
Ethnicity,
 
2019
White
 
women
     
48
Black
 
women
       
83
Latinas
     
63
White
 
men
Black
 
men
Latinos
Source: