Title: Marshall Plan - Wikipedia
Headings: Marshall Plan
Marshall Plan
Contents
Development and deployment
Wartime destruction
Initial post-war events
Slow recovery
Need to rebuild Germany
Soviet negotiations
Marshall's speech
Rejection by Stalin
Initial reactions
Compulsory Eastern Bloc rejection
Yugoslavia
Szklarska Poręba meeting
Passage in Congress
Negotiations
Implementation
Technical Assistance Program
United Kingdom
West Germany and Austria
Expenditures
Loans and grants
Funding for CIA fronts
Effects and legacy
Repayment
Areas without the Plan
Aid to Asia
Canada
World total
Opinion
Domestic campaign for support
Change in American ideology
Polling data
Criticism
Laissez-faire criticism
Modern criticism
In popular culture
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links

Content: 137
Legislative history
Introduced in the Senate as S. 2202
Passed the Senate on March 13, 1948 ( 71-19)
Passed the House on March 31, 1948 ( 333-78)
Reported by the joint conference committee on April 1, 1948; agreed to by the House on April 2, 1948 ( 321-78) and by the Senate on April 2, 1948 (agreed)
Signed into law by President Harry S. Truman on April 3, 1948
The labelling used on aid packages created and sent under the Marshall Plan. General George Marshall, the U.S. Secretary of State
The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative passed in 1948 for foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred over $13 billion (equivalent to $130 billion in 2019) in economic recovery programs to Western European economies after the end of World War II. Replacing an earlier proposal for a Morgenthau Plan, it operated for four years beginning on April 3, 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, improve European prosperity, and prevent the spread of communism. The Marshall Plan required a reduction of interstate barriers, a dropping of many regulations, and encouraged an increase in productivity, as well as the adoption of modern business procedures. The Marshall Plan aid was divided among the participant states roughly on a per capita basis. A larger amount was given to the major industrial powers, as the prevailing opinion was that their resuscitation was essential for the general European revival. Somewhat more aid per capita was also directed toward the Allied nations, with less for those that had been part of the Axis or remained neutral.