Title: Best psychology chapter 1 Flashcards | Quizlet
Headings: psychology chapter 1
psychology chapter 1
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experiment
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a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental progress (dependent variable)
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nature-nurtures
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the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
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Terms in this set (43)
experiment
a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental progress (dependent variable)
nature-nurtures
the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
case
study of descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
effect
testing ____ is the enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information. also referred to as retrieval practice effect
counseling
psychology a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
natural
selection is the principle that those chance inherited traits enter enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will most likely be passed on succeeding generations
behavior
genetics is the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
independent
variable in an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
random
sample a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
positive
psychology the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
survey
a descriptive technique for obtaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
naturalistic
observation a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
culture
the enduring behaviors , ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
psychology
the science of behavior and mental processes
psychiatry
a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
applied
research scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
basic
research pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
analysis
levels of ___ are differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
bio-psychosocial
approach an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
intuition
an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought. as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
double-blind
procedure an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or placebo
informed
consent giving potential participants enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
humanistic psychology
historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential
clinical
psychology a branch that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
operational
definition a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study
functionalism
early school of thought promoted by William James, influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function and enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
cognitive neuroscience
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory and language
evolutionary
psychology is the study of evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection
hindsight
bias the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it, (aka I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon)
structuralism
early school of thought promoted by windy and titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
debriefing
the postcxperimentalexplanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants
community
psychology a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
theory
an explanation using an interpreted set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
confounding
variable a factor other than the factor being studied that might produce an effect
correlation
a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
experimental
group in an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable
replication
repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced
dependent
variable in an experiment, the outcome that is measured;