Title: Vicarious traumatization - Wikipedia
Headings: Vicarious traumatization
Vicarious traumatization
Contents
Signs and symptoms
Contributing factors
Related concepts
Mechanism
Measurement
Addressing
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Content: The term was coined specifically with reference to the experience of psychotherapists working with trauma survivor clients. Others, including Saakvitne, Gamble, Pearlman, and Lev (2000) have expanded its application to a wide range of persons who assist trauma survivors, including clergy, front-line social workers, justice system professionals, health care providers, humanitarian workers, journalists, and first responders. Contents
1 Signs and symptoms
2 Contributing factors
3 Related concepts
4 Mechanism
5 Measurement
6 Addressing
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Signs and symptoms
The symptoms of vicarious trauma align with the symptoms of primary, actual trauma. When helping professionals attempt to connect with their clients/victims emotionally, the symptoms of vicarious trauma can create emotional disturbance such as feelings of sadness, grief, irritability and mood swings. The signs and symptoms of vicarious trauma parallel those of direct trauma, although they tend to be less intense. Workers who have personal trauma histories may be more vulnerable to VT, although the research findings on this point are mixed. Common signs and symptoms include, but are not limited to, social withdrawal; mood swings; aggression; greater sensitivity to violence;