Title: Vicarious Victimization and Related Forms of Secondary Traumatization - Criminology - Oxford Bibliographies
Headings: 
by
Kelly E. Knight, Colter Ellis, Samuel T. Murphy, Heather Olson, Greer Wagner, Terra Dion, Rachel Gemar
LAST MODIFIED: 26 April 2018
DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0242
Introduction
Definitions
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Content: Research reported in this submission was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 5P20GM104417. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Definitions
As mentioned in the introduction, the term vicarious victimization can be thought of as an umbrella term used to encompass a number of distinct but related phenomena, including vicarious traumatization in Pearlman and Mac Ian 1995, secondary traumatic stress in Figley 1999, compassion fatigue in Figley 2002, trauma exposure response in van Dernoot Lipsky 2009, burnout in both Maslach and Jackson 1981 and Maslach, et al. 2001, moral distress in Jameton 1984, and counter-transference in Freud 1910. Vicarious victimization is largely an occupational hazard that occurs among victim service providers, defined here as professionals or volunteers who regularly work with victims. Burgess, et al. 2013 defines victims as individuals who have been “confronted, attacked, assaulted, or violated by a perceived predator, resulting in serious short-term, as well as long-term, physical and/or mental injuries” (p. 10). Victim service providers include but are not limited to child protective service workers; sexual and domestic violence advocates; criminal justice personnel such as law enforcement, attorneys, and correctional staff;