Title: (PDF) Effects of Pesticides on Environment
Headings: Effects of Pesticides on Environment
Effects of Pesticides on Environment
Authors:
Isra Mahmood
Abstract and Figures
Discover the world's research
253
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
K.R. Hakeem et al. (eds.), Plant, Soil and Microbes,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27455-3_13
Effects of Pesticides on En vironment
Isra Mahmood , Sameen Ruqia Imadi , Kanwal Shazadi , Alvina Gul ,
and Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Contents
3 Pesticide Registration and Safety 256
4 Classiﬁ cation of Pesticides 258
6 Risks Associated with Pesticide Use 260
6.1 Threats to Biodiversity 261
7 Pesticide Impact on Human Health 264
Abstract Pesticides are used to kill the pests and insects which attack on crops and
harm them. Different kinds of pesticides have been used for crop protection for
centuries. Pesticides beneﬁ t the crops; however, they also impose a serious negative
impact on the environment. Excessiv e use of pesticides may lead to the destruction
of biodiversity. Many birds, aquatic organisms and animals are under the threat of
I. Mahmood • S. R. Imadi • A. Gul ( *)
Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences , National University of Sciences
and Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
e-mail: alvina_gul@yahoo.com
Department of Plant Sciences , Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
K. R. Hakeem
Citations (174)
References (67)
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Medicinal Plants, A promising Source of Natural Fungicides against Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum, Causal Agent of Wheat Blast
Sustainable laser-based technology for insect pest control
Model study on chicken embryos to investigate potential teratogenic risk of wild birds due to pesticide and environmental contaminant
Integration of mixed-cropping and rice-duck co-culture has advantages on alleviating the non-point source pollution from rice production
Evaluation of adulticidal activities of some selected plant species against Anopheles gambiae
Small-scale Farmer Pesticide Knowledge and Practice and Impacts on the Environment and Human Health in Ethiopia
Promoting Alternative Methods for Environmentally Friendly Agriculture in Romania
Advanced oxidation processes for chlorpyrifos removal from aqueous solution: a systematic review
Obstacles in the Adaptation of Biopesticides in India

Content: Their use is not only restricted to agricultural ﬁ elds, but they
are also employed in homes in the form of sprays, poisons and powders for control-
ling cockroaches, mosquitoes, rats, ﬂ eas, ticks and other harmful bugs. Due to this
reason, pesticides are frequently found in our food commodities in addition to their
presence in the air (Pesticides n.d. ). Pesticides can be natural compounds or they
can be synthetically produced. They may belong to any one of the several pesticide
classes. Major classes include organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates,
pyrethroids and neonicitinoids to which most of the current and widely used pesti-
cides belong (Pesticides 101-A Primer n.d. ). Pesticide formulations contain active
ingredients along with inert substances, contaminants and occasionally impurities. Once released into the environment, pesticides break down into substances kno wn
as metabolites that are more toxic to active ingredients in some situations (What Is
a Pesticide n.d. ). Pesticides promise the effecti ve mitigation of harmful bugs, but unfortunately,
the risks associated with their use have surpassed their beneﬁ cial effects. Non-
selective pesticides kill non-target plants and animals along with the tar geted ones. Moreover, with the passage of time, some pests also de velop genetic resistance to
pesticides.