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Cultural Anthropology
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Terms in this set (91)
The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is
cultural relativism
The thinker who developed the evolutionary theory or natural selection in the 19th century
Charles Darwin
Increasing, professional anthropologists are
all of the above
The 19th century British anthropologist who is credited with the development of the concept of culture through an evolutionary perspective where the most evolved societies resembled the British societies in which he lived was
E.B. Tylor
The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to
the people or species they study
Diversity defined anthropologically
focuses on multiplicity and variety
A key element of the scientific method, which both explains things and guide research, is
theories
The comparative method
all of the above
Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some dont see what they do as science because
the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture
There is rarely any guessing involved in the development of theories because they are tested repeatedly T/F
True
What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people? the Industrial Revolution
Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as
proof of their primitive nature
Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm? anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out
During fieldwork cultural anthropologists
all of the above
Linguistic anthropologists traditionally sttudy
all of the above
A realistic perspective on the meanings of Coca-cola in Tzotzil Maya communitites in Chiapas, Mexico, would emphasize
that they, the Tzotzil, are dominated by globalization
An ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize
all of the above
Contemporary cultural anthropologists still rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced" T/F
False
The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture
through systematic connections of different parts
Because our values and beliefs are reflected in many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is
intergrated
The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are refered to as
traditions
The application of a holistic perspective to understand changes in everyday practices, such as eating breakfast cereals, reveals
the processes of cultural appropriation
A cross-cultural perspective on eating insect larvae would reveal
all of the above
The defining feature of historical particularism is
individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change
A symbol
all of the above
The controversy between Native Americans and NCAA schools using mascots illustrates
the power of tradition
Who is responsible for the theory of social evolution
E.B. Tylor
The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society is call
functionalism
The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent
post-structuralism
Cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because
all of the above
The process of learning culture from a very young age is called
encultration
How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation? while it is importance to understand Native American claims from their point of view, it doesnt mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue
The American anthropologist repsonsible for the concept of historical particularism was named
Franz Boaz
A social consequence of introducing coffee into the highlands of Papua New Guinea was that
all of the above
If you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would be most likely to focus on
everyday interaction
Norms tend to be stable because
people learn them when they are young
The theorist most connected with post-structuralism is
Renato Rosaldo
The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as
a way of explaining how the world works
Culture is
learned and shared
Ethnocentrism
all of the above
Examples of social institutions are
all of the above
The structuralist approach to culture theorizes what? people make sense of the world through binary oppositions ie. raw/cooked
Anthropologist overcome ethnocentrism by
seeing matters from the point of view of another culture
When Kay Warren presented her anthropological research, a group of Maya intellectuals, activist, and political leaders
challenged her right to study the Maya culture as a foreign anthropologist
Anthropologist believe that our behavior is influenced by
both
A paradigm that emphasizes humans that are made up of complex biological, cultural, and psychological processes is
biocultural
The human mind is
all of the above
Ethnopsychology is largely concerned with
understanding how other societies make sense of selves, persons, and emotions
Anthropologist Kim Hopper believes
industrialized nations produce "surplus people"
Slight, unpredictable variation in the genetic code that occurs during reproduction is called
mutation
The movement of genes through interbreeding or intermarriage among humans from different population is
gene flow
This anthropologist rejected the idea that there are groups of people belonging to stable and unchanging races
Franz Boas
Nature and nurture are not opposed but intertwined T/F
True
Gene flow and gene drift work on human populations in opposite ways T/F
True
Neural plasticity is illustrated by
all of the above
An illustration of the bioculture of humans is
mental stress from losing a job causing insomnia
The affects and feelings we experience as humans
may not have an exact equivalent in another culture
Cultural models help us make sense of the world because
they provide a pattern for one's own behavior and interpreting others' actions
The limitation of culture and personality studies was that they assumed
all of the above
Intelligence is
not marked by a single fixed gene
The enhanced cognition of early modern humans allowed for
all of the above
According to Mauss and Durkheim, a key feature of the concept of personhood in many other culture is
defined socially
A cross-cultural perspective on manic depression would
all of the above
If an anthropologist who studies cultural models were to analyze the Ilongot concept of liget, she or he might emphasize
all of the above
Which of the following would most interest an anthropologist who studies geneticization
the search for breast cancer gene
A biological perspective on the evolution of our species would emphasize that
all of the above
Animal call systems
can only communicate in response to real-world stimuli
Koko, thegorilla, ans Washo, the chimp, were two ape primates who had learn
American sign language
_______ refers to the structure of speech sounds
phonology
How words fit together to make meaningful units is called
morphology
The study of grammatical categories, such as tense and word order, is called
morphology
When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on
parole
A stoplight is a visual example of a
sign
Anthropologist Sherry Ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally powerful symbols that include all of the following except
narrative symbol
The study of how people classify things in the world is called
ethnoscience
A language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called
creole
The set of sounds and movements that animals make to communicate is called a call system T/F
True
Most people are unaware of the structure of a language until someone speaking it makes a mistake T/F
True
Languages change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries T/F
False
American's pattern of gender inequality is built into our linguistic practices T/F
True
In evolutionary terms humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because
we can speak using our larynx
For pastoral groups such as the Dinka and the Nuer, the cow acts as which of the following symbol? elaborating symbol
Edward Spair, who had been
all of the above
Linguistics refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as
pidgin language
The US government's prohibition of Native American children speaking their indigenous languages in Indian schools has contributed most profoundly to
language death
Although language is one of the most rule-bound aspect of human culture, it is also one of the least conscious T/F
True
Because of the widespread use of mass media today, sociologist have found increasing homogeneity in the use of language in the US T/F
False
If you were a linguistic anthropologist interested in language change in smaller American cities, building on William Labov's studies, what method would you use? record how younger people, middle aged, and senior citizens pronounces ordinary american words
The canadian government helps preserve the use of french
all of the above
If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoffs study of genderized speech, you might find that talking like a lady
marginalize women voice in work context
If you