Title: Characteristics Of Female Offenders
Headings: Characteristics Of Female Offenders
Characteristics Of Female Offenders
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Victimization through Abuse
Lack of Human Capital
Implications of Each Feature on Treatment Approaches and Treatment Outcomes
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Content: The mechanisms that can lead to incarceration of females includes running away from home, living on the streets, engaging in prostitution, remaining in violent relationships, and engaging in illicit behaviors to meet financial needs (Salisbury & Van Voorhis, 2009). Lack of Human Capital
Another pathway to incarceration is through human capital. Human capital was described by Salisbury and Van Voorhis (2009) as a combination of skills, knowledge, and capacity that enable individuals to act. Actions are facilitated by human capital because of the effects of social empowerment on an individual’s psychological well-being (Salisbury & Van Voorhis, 2009). Human capital also involves an individual’s ability to achieve personal goals through the application of personal confidence, educational achievement, and self-efficacy (Salisbury & Van Voorhis, 2009). According to Bloom, Owen, and Covington (2003), self-efficacy is a core element associated with preventing women from engaging in criminal behaviors. This means the absence of self-efficacy and human capital are prominent factors that lead women to engage in crime. Lack of human capital has an inverse effect on individuals’ psychological well-being, which has the ability to negatively impact the life path of an individual. In the case of female offenders, lack of human capital can result in criminal behaviors, arrest, and incarceration (Salisbury & Van Voorhis, 2009). The pathway to incarceration via human capital results from various challenges faced by female offenders within their life.