Title: 
Headings: Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
Berlin
 
Conference
 
of
 
1884-1885
 

European
 
nations
 
as
 
Britain,
 
France,
 
and
 
Germany.
 
No
 

Berlin
 
Conference
 

Berlin
 
Conference
 

Great
 
Britain-
 
policy
 
of
 
indirect
 
rule
 

France-policy
 
of
 
assimilation
 
(people
 
became
 
French
 
citizens)
 

Preparation
 
for
 
Independence
 

Partitioning
 
Of
 
Africa
 

A
 
Mathematical
 
Way
 
to
 
look
  
The
 
Scramble
 

Effects
 
of
 
Colonialism
 

Pan-African
 
Congress
 

Cold
 
War
 

Africa
 
becomes
 
a
 
stage
 
for
 
battle
 
for
 
world
 
domination
 
between
 
the
 
United
 
States
 
and
 
the
 
United
 
Soviet
 
Socialist
 
Republic
 


Content: King
 
Leopold
 
II
 
purchased
 
the
 
Congo
 
River
 
basin. Personal
 
possession
 
of
 
King
 
Leopold
 
III
 
of
 
Belgium
 


 
Village
 
massacres,
 
forced
 
labor
 
by
 
Leopold’s
 
agents
 


 
Belgian
 
control
 
in
 
1908
 


 
Little
 
preparation
 
for
 
independence
 

Belgium-
 
paternalism
 
(people
 
serve
 
and
 
obey
 
fatherland)
 
Preparation
 
for
 
Independence
 
Great
 
Britain-
 
some
 
preparation
 
for
 
independence
 

French
 
and
 
Belgium-
 
hang
 
on
 
until
 
the
 
end! Partitioning
 
Of
 
Africa
 
    
Colonized
 
Africa
               
Modern
 
Africa
 
A
 
Mathematical
 
Way
 
to
 
look
  
The
 
Scramble
 
“The
 
sun
 
never
 
sets
 
on
 
the
 
British
 
Empire!” European
 
powers
 
organized
 
Africa’s
 
population
in
 
ways
 
to
 
make
 
the
 
most
 
efficient
 
workforce,
 
ignoring
 
the
 
natives’
 
cultural
 
groups
 
or
 
existing
 
political
 
leadership
 
at
 
the
 
time
 
of
 
colonization. Sometimes
 
they
 
grouped
 
together
 
people
 
who
 
had
 
never
 
been
 
united
 
under
 
the
 
same
 
government
 
before. Sometimes
 
they
 
divided
 
existing
 
groups
 
of
 
people. The
 
creation
 
of
 
these
 
borders
 
had
 
a
 
negative
 
impact
 
on
 
Africa’s
 
political
 
and
 
social
 
structures
 
by
 
either
 
dividing
 
groups
 
that
 
wanted
 
to
 
be
 
together
 
or
 
combining
 
ethnic
 
groups
 
that
 
were
 
enemies. Europeans
 
placed
 
colonies
 
into
 
administrative
 
districts
 
and
 
forced
 
the
 
Africans
 
to
 
go
 
along
 
with
 
their
 
demands. In
 
order
 
to
 
establish
 
their
 
indirect
 
rule,
 
Europeans
 
used
 
local
 
chiefs
 
as
 
their
 
enforcers
 
in
 
the
 
colonies. Europeans
 
also
 
tried
 
to
 
assimilate
 
Africans
 
(have
 
African
 
people
 
give
 
up
 
their
 
own
 
African
 
customs
 
and
 
adopt
 
European
 
customs).