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Content: For example, research and technological development into the
cloning technology for human beings challenges many moral and ethical concepts
and traditions. Personally enabling humanity to be able to produce
genetically identical human beings raises questions about the rights and
responsibilities of all who may chose to clone humans and of those who
are brought into the world through cloning. There are ethicists who
argue that human beings are devalued and lose dignity when science treats
humans as just another scientific topic, as a mere means to achieve their
scientific goals. They claim that the more humans are treated as
objects the less likely they will be guaranteed fundamental human rights,
dignity and respect. This argument implies that such an erosion of human
sanctity would threaten the social institutions on which society is based. Furthermore, institutions such as the family, neighborhood organizations,
welfare and other assistance systems, international human rights laws, 
may receive lessened support as human beings are treated as just another
part of nature. Individual scientists
and technologists should consider the moral implications of their work
when they pursue research and development interests especially in areas
where there are risks of causing harm to others. Many scientists
and technologists have formed strong positions regarding the ethics of
working in nuclear or biological weapons programs, researching and experimenting
with fetal cell tissue,  or constructing dams and roadways in designated
ecologically fragile areas. Recently, concerned scientists
and others have challenged decisions to send plutonium powered satellites
into space because of the risks of mission failure and the harms that may
ensue. Scientists and technologists
often believe it is their duty to employ their knowledge for beneficial
uses.