Title: Cognitive distortion - Wikipedia
Headings: Cognitive distortion
Cognitive distortion
Contents
Definition
History
Main types
All-or-nothing thinking
Overgeneralizing
Filtering
Disqualifying the positive
Jumping to conclusions
Magnification and minimization
Emotional reasoning
Making "must" or "should" statements
Gratitude traps
Personalization and blaming
Always being right
Fallacy of change
Fallacy of fairness
Labeling and mislabeling
Conceptualization
Cognitive restructuring
Narcissistic defense
Decatastrophizing
Criticism
See also
References

Content: Cognitive distortion - Wikipedia
Cognitive distortion
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"Thinking errors" redirects here. For faulty reasoning, see Fallacy. Exaggerated or irrational thought pattern
A cognitive distortion is an exaggerated or irrational thought pattern involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety. Cognitive distortions are thoughts that cause individuals to perceive reality inaccurately. According to Beck's cognitive model, a negative outlook on reality, sometimes called negative schemas (or schemata ), is a factor in symptoms of emotional dysfunction and poorer subjective well-being. Specifically, negative thinking patterns reinforce negative emotions and thoughts. During difficult circumstances, these distorted thoughts can contribute to an overall negative outlook on the world and a depressive or anxious mental state. According to hopelessness theory and Beck's theory, the meaning or interpretation that people give to their experience importantly influences whether they will become depressed and whether they will suffer severe, repeated, or long-duration episodes of depression. Challenging and changing cognitive distortions is a key element of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Contents
1 Definition
2 History
3 Main types
3.1 All-or-nothing thinking
3.2 Overgeneralizing
3.3 Filtering
3.4 Disqualifying the positive
3.5 Jumping to conclusions
3.6 Magnification and minimization
3.7 Emotional reasoning
3.8 Making "must" or "should" statements
3.9 Gratitude traps
3.10 Personalization and blaming
3.11 Always being right
3.12 Fallacy of change
3.13 Fallacy of fairness
3.14 Labeling and mislabeling
4 Conceptualization
5 Cognitive restructuring
6 Narcissistic defense
7 Decatastrophizing
8 Criticism
9 See also
10 References
Definition
Cognitive comes from the Medieval Latin cognitīvus, equivalent to Latin cognit (us), 'known'.