Title: Early Trauma Care-Primary Survey | Trauma Victoria
Headings: Major Trauma Guidelines & Education
Major Trauma Guidelines & Education
Primary Survey
Control of exsanguinating external haemorrhage
Airway with cervical spine protection
Life threats
Assess for airway stability
Assess for soiled airway
Attempt simple airway manoeuvres if required
Secure the airway if necessary (treat airway obstruction as a medical emergency)
Maintain full spinal precautions if indicated
Breathing and ventilation
Life threats
Oxygen administration
Assess the chest
Circulation with haemorrhage control
Assess circulation and perfusion
Intravenous access
If necessary, perform a FAST scan
Control of exsanguinating external haemorrhage
Disability
Assess level of consciousness
Test blood sugar levels
Exposure and environment

Content: Early Trauma Care-Primary Survey | Trauma Victoria
5 Trauma System Guidelines
13 Specialist Cinical Guidelines
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Trauma System Guidelines
7 Victorian Trauma System
6 Pre-Hospital Triage
7 Inter-Hospital Transfer
8 Preparation for Retrieval
8 Teamwork and Communication
Victorian Trauma System
1 Key Messages
0 Introduction
0 Definition of Major Trauma
0 Key features of the Victorian State Trauma System
0 Victorian State Trauma System Outcomes
0 Resources
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points
Introduction
Definition of Major Trauma
Key features of the Victorian State Trauma System
Victorian State Trauma System Outcomes
Resources
References
Pre-Hospital Triage
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid Reference Guideline
4 Identification of Potential Major Trauma
2 On Scene
1 Transport Time
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points
Rapid Reference Guideline
Identification of Potential Major Trauma
Vital signs
Injuries found or suspected
Isolated head injury in older people
High-risk criteria
On Scene
Scene Time
ARV Notification
Transport Time
Persisting hypovolaemic shock
References
Inter-Hospital Transfer
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid Reference Guideline
4 Identification of Potential Major Trauma
0 Deterioration
2 Contact Retrieval Service
1 Retrieval and transfer
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points
Rapid Reference Guideline
Identification of Potential Major Trauma
Vital signs
Injuries found or suspected
Specialised trauma transfer indications
High-risk criteria
Deterioration
Contact Retrieval Service
Telemedicine
Pre-transport communication and coordination
Retrieval and transfer
Ensuring patient readiness for transfer
References
Preparation for Retrieval
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid Reference Guide
0 Introduction
0 Retrieval Coordination
0 Choice of Transport Vehicle
2 Process of Transfer
6 Patient Preparation
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points
Rapid Reference Guide
Introduction
Retrieval Coordination
Choice of Transport Vehicle
Process of Transfer
Pre-transport communication and coordination
Ensuring patient readiness for transfer
Patient Preparation
Airway
Breathing
Circulation and C-spine
Documentation
Alert
Other
References
Teamwork and Communication
1 Key Messages
0 Key attributes of an effective team
2 Trauma team structure
1 The role of the team leader
6 Effective Communication
2 Dealing with issues
0 Trauma Team Training
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points
Key attributes of an effective team
Trauma team structure
Trauma team positions
Modified trauma team positions
The role of the team leader
What is situational awareness? Effective Communication
What is a shared mental model? Briefing the team
Tacit vs explicit communication
Closed-loop communication
Handover
Remote support and communication
Dealing with issues
Graded assertiveness
Five-step advocacy
Trauma Team Training
References
Specialist Cinical Guidelines
10 Early Trauma Care
10 Burns
10 Obstetric Trauma
8 The Deteriorating Trauma Patient
11 Traumatic Brain Injury
11 Spinal Trauma
11 Thoracic Trauma
10 Anticoagulation in Trauma
13 Paediatric Trauma
10 Abdominal Trauma
13 Traumatic Cardiac Arrest
9 Imaging in Trauma
11 Older Person Trauma
Early Trauma Care
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid Reference Guideline
0 Introduction
2 Early Activation
5 Primary Survey
10 Secondary Survey
0 Planning and Communication
15 Early Management
0 Retrieval and Transfer
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points
Rapid Reference Guideline
Introduction
Early Activation
Ambulance handover
Reception and resuscitation
Primary Survey
Airway with cervical spine protection
Breathing and ventilation
Circulation with haemorrhage control
Disability
Exposure and environment
Secondary Survey
History
Head-to-toe examination
Head and face
Neck
Chest
Abdomen
Limbs
Back
Buttocks and perineum
Genitalia
Planning and Communication
Early Management
Airway management
Fluid resuscitation
Analgesia
Fractures and dislocations
Prevent hypothermia
In-dwelling catheter
Monitoring
Glasgow Coma Scale
Pathology tests
X-ray or FAST scan
Naso/orogastric tube (N/OGT)
Wound care
Tetanus immunisation
Antibiotics
Reassess
Retrieval and Transfer
References
Burns
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid Reference Guideline
0 Introduction
0 Early Activation
5 Primary Survey
4 Secondary Survey
0 Planning and Communication
15 Early Management
0 Retrieval and Transfer
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points: Rapid Reference Guideline
Introduction
Early Activation
Primary Survey
Airway with cervical spine protection
Breathing and ventilation
Circulation with haemorrhage control
Disability: neurological status
Exposure/environmental control
Secondary Survey
History
Head-to-toe examination
Measuring burns
Head-to-toe examination
Planning and Communication
Early Management
Airway management
Fluid resuscitation
Compartment Syndrome
Analgesia
Wound care
Minimise heat loss
In-dwelling catheter
Monitoring
Glasgow Coma Scale
Pathology tests
X-ray/FAST scan
Naso/orogastric tube (N/OGT)
Tetanus immunisation
Antibiotics
Reassess
Retrieval and Transfer
References
Obstetric Trauma
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid Reference Guideline
2 Introduction
0 Early Activation
5 Primary Survey
2 Secondary Survey
2 Planning and Communication
16 Early Management
0 Retrieval and Transfer
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points
Rapid Reference Guideline
Introduction
Changes in pregnancy
Complications associated with trauma
Early Activation
Primary Survey
Airway with cervical spine protection
Breathing and ventilation
Circulation with haemorrhage control
Disability: neurological status
Exposure/environmental control
Secondary Survey
History
Head-to-toe examination
Planning and Communication
Pre-hospital triage
Inter-hospital transfer
Early Management
Patient positioning
Airway management
Radiology
Pathology tests
Preventing hypothermia
Analgesia and antiemetics
Sedation
Monitoring
Wound care
In-dwelling catheter
Nasogastric tube
Tetanus prophylaxis
Antibiotics
Cardiac arrest
Blood matters
Reassess
Retrieval and Transfer
References
The Deteriorating Trauma Patient
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid Reference Guideline
2 Introduction
1 Clinical Observation of Major Trauma Patient
1 Team Role in Recognising Deterioration
0 Early Activation or Consultation
0 Further Information
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points
Rapid Reference Guideline
Introduction
Deteriorating trauma patients
Track and Trigger
Clinical Observation of Major Trauma Patient
Recognising and responding to clinical deterioration
Team Role in Recognising Deterioration
ABCDEFG for deteriorating patients
Early Activation or Consultation
Further Information
References
Traumatic Brain Injury
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid Reference Guideline
0 Introduction
0 Early Activation
5 Primary Survey
3 Secondary Survey
1 Planning and Communication
18 Early Management
4 The Rapidly Deteriorating TBI Patient
0 Retrieval and Transfer
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points
Rapid Reference Guideline
Introduction
Early Activation
Primary Survey
Airway with cervical spine protection
Breathing and ventilation
Circulation with haemorrhage control
Disability: neurological status
Exposure/environmental control
Secondary Survey
History
Neurological assessment
Head-to-toe examination
Planning and Communication
Indications for ARV consultation and/or transfer to a major trauma service
Early Management
Airway management
Imaging
The intoxicated patient with head trauma
Anticoagulation and head trauma
Patient positioning
Seizure Prophylaxis
Pathology tests
Thermoregulation
Analgesia
Sedation
Monitoring
Wound care
In-dwelling catheter
Nasogastric tube
Tetanus immunisation
Antibiotics
Steroids
Reassess
The Rapidly Deteriorating TBI Patient
Additional management points
Hyperventilation
Osmotherapy
Burr hole evacuation
Retrieval and Transfer
References
Spinal Trauma
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid Reference Guideline
0 Introduction
0 Early Activation
0 Early rapid neurological assessment
5 Primary Survey
9 Secondary Survey
0 Planning and Communication
15 Early Management
2 Retrieval and Transfer
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical emphasis points
Rapid Reference Guideline
Introduction
Early Activation
Early rapid neurological assessment
Primary Survey
Airway with cervical spine protection
Breathing and ventilation
Circulation with haemorrhage control
Disability: neurological status
Exposure/environmental control
Secondary Survey
History
Head-to-toe examination
Neck
Chest
Abdomen
Limbs
Back
Buttocks and perineum
Genitalia
Planning and Communication
Early Management
Airway management
Fluid resuscitation
Monitoring
Medical imaging
Wound care
Pressure area care
Analgesia
Prevent hypothermia
Glasgow Coma Scale
Pathology
In-dwelling catheter
Nasogastric tube
Antibiotics
Reassess
Other
Retrieval and Transfer
Isolated spinal cord injury
Potential multi-trauma
References
Thoracic Trauma
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid Reference Guideline
0 Introduction
6 Immediately life threatening injuries
0 Early activation
7 Primary survey
2 Secondary survey
0 Planning and Communication
5 Early management
0 Retrieval and Transfer
0 References
Key Messages
Clinical Emphasis Points
Rapid Reference Guideline
Introduction
Immediately life threatening injuries
Tension pneumothorax
Massive Haemothorax
Cardiac Tamponade
Open pneumothorax
Flail Chest & Pulmonary Contusions
Major tracheobronchial injuries – larynx/ trachea
Early activation
Primary survey
Airway with cervical spine protection
Breathing and Ventilation
Circulation with haemorrhage control
Disability: Neurological status
Exposure and environmental control
Investigations
Analgesia
Secondary survey
History
Head-to-toe examination
Planning and Communication
Early management
Airway management
Fluid resuscitation
Monitor
Administer
Wound Care
Retrieval and Transfer
References
Anticoagulation in Trauma
1 Key Messages
0 Rapid R