Title: History of the Netherlands - Wikipedia
Headings: History of the Netherlands
History of the Netherlands
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Contents
Prehistory (before 800 BC)
Historical changes to the landscape
Earliest groups of hunter-gatherers (before 5000 BC)
The arrival of farming (around 5000–4000 BC)
Funnelbeaker and other cultures (around 4000–3000 BC)
Corded Ware and Bell Beaker cultures (around 3000–2000 BC)
Bronze Age (around 2000–800 BC)
The pre-Roman period (800 BC – 58 BC)
Iron Age
Arrival of Germanic groups
Celts in the south
The Nordwestblock theory
Roman era (57 BC – 410 AD)
Native tribes
Roman settlements in the Netherlands
Batavian revolt
Emergence of the Franks
Disappearance of the Frisii?
Early Middle Ages (411–1000)
Frisians
Franks
Modern doubts about the traditional Frisian, Frank and Saxon distinction
The emergence of the Dutch language
Christianization
Frankish dominance and incorporation into the Holy Roman Empire
Viking raids
High and Late Middle Ages (1000–1433)
Part of the Holy Roman Empire
Political disunity
The Frisians
The rise of Holland
Expansion and growth
Hook and Cod Wars
Burgundian and Habsburg period (1433–1567)
Burgundian period
Habsburg rule from Spain
The Reformation
Prelude to war
The Eighty Years' War (1568–1648)
Golden Age
Dutch Empire
The Dutch in the Americas
Slave trade
The Dutch in Asia: The Dutch East India Company
The Dutch in Africa
Dutch Republic: Regents and Stadholders (1649–1784)
Refugees
Economic growth
Amsterdam
First Stadtholderless Period and the Anglo-Dutch Wars (1650–1674)
Anglo-Dutch wars
Franco-Dutch War and Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1702)
Second Stadtholderless Period (1702–1747)
Economic decline after 1730
Culture and society
The Orangist revolution (1747–1751)
Regency and indolent rule (1752–1779)
Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780–1784)
The French-Batavian period (1785–1815)
Patriot rebellion and its suppression (1785–1795)
Batavian Republic (1795–1806)
Kingdom of Holland to William I (1806–1815)
United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839)
Constitutional monarchy
Belgium breaks away
Democratic and Industrial Development (1840–1900)
1848 Constitutional reform and liberalism
Religion and pillarisation
Flourishing of art, culture and science
1900 to 1940
Colonial focus
Neutrality during the First World War
Interwar period
The Second World War (1939–1945)
Nazi invasion and occupation
Holocaust in the Netherlands
The war in the Dutch East Indies
False hopes, the Hunger Winter and Liberation
Post-war events
Prosperity and European Unity (1945–present)
Baby boom and economic reconstruction
Flood control
Europeanisation, Americanisation and internationalisation
Decolonisation and multiculturalism
Liberalisation
Recent politics
The Netherlands today
Historians and historiography
Historians
Historiography
See also
Notes
Further reading
Geography and environment
External links

Content: Since 1890, it is ruled by another branch of the House of Nassau. The Netherlands was neutral during the First World War, but during the Second World War, it was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany. The Nazis, including many collaborators, rounded up and killed almost all of the country's Jewish population. When the Dutch resistance increased, the Nazis cut off food supplies to much of the country, causing severe starvation in 1944–45. In 1942, the Dutch East Indies were conquered by Japan, but prior to this the Dutch destroyed the oil wells for which Japan was desperate. Indonesia proclaimed its independence from the Netherlands in 1945, followed by Suriname in 1975. The post-war years saw rapid economic recovery (helped by the American Marshall Plan ), followed by the introduction of a welfare state during an era of peace and prosperity. The Netherlands formed a new economic alliance with Belgium and Luxembourg, the Benelux, and all three became founding members of the European Union and NATO. In recent decades, the Dutch economy has been closely linked to that of Germany and is highly prosperous. The four countries adopted the Euro on 1 January 2002, along with eight other EU member states.