Title: Pan-africanism | Encyclopedia.com
Headings: Pan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism
PAN-AFRICANISM.
Origins and Development of Pan-Africanism
Ethiopianism.
Transnational Pan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism in the Early Twentieth Century
Marcus Garvey.
Pan-Africanist literary and cultural movements.
Pan-Africanists and communism.
Pan-Africanism in France.
Women's contributions to Pan-Africanism.
Pan-Africanism after World War II
and Postcolonialism
Pan-Arabism and Pan-Africanism.
Pan-Africanism in the Late Twentieth Century
The Future of Pan-Africanism
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PRIMARY SOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES
Pan-Africanism
Bibliography
Pan-Africanism
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pan-Africanism
HISTORICAL CONTEXT FOR PAN-AFRICANISM
CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF PAN-AFRICANISM
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pan-Africanism
W. E. B. DU BOIS
MARCUS GARVEY
GEORGE PADMORE
KWAME NKRUMAH
JULIUS NYERERE
C. L. R. JAMES
WALTER RODNEY
PAN-AFRICANISM IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pan-Africanism

Content: Despite these differences, scholars agree on the important role that the African American intellectual W. E. B. DuBois played in developing the idea of Pan-Africanism and marshalling a transnational political movement around it. Indeed, DuBois contributed significant speeches to the proceedings of the Chicago Congress and the Pan-African 1900 conference. In his "Address to the Nations of the World" at the latter, DuBois declared: the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the colour line, the question as to how far differences of race … are going to be made, hereafter, the basis of denying to over half the world the right of sharing to their utmost ability the opportunities and privileges of modern civilization. ( 1995, p. 11)
Although Williams was unable to bring plans for a second conference to fruition, DuBois soon initiated his own movement, resulting in five Pan-African Congresses during the first half of the twentieth century (1919, Paris; 1921, London, Brussels, Paris; 1923, London and Lisbon; 1927, New York; 1945, Manchester, England ). During this period the nature and tenor of Pan-Africanist cultural and political activities changed drastically.