Title: Push–pull train - Wikipedia
Headings: Push–pull train
Push–pull train
Contents
Train formation
Locomotive at one end
Two locomotives
Locomotive in the middle
Distributed power
History
Britain
Steam
Great Western Railway
Other railways
Electric and diesel
Driving van trailers (DVTs)
Ireland
North America
Israel
Australia
New Zealand
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Content: but some problems of delay in actuation were experienced. They were replaced in 1979 by a system in which a Driving Brake Standard Open (DBSO), converted from a Mark 2, could control the Class 47/7 locomotive via computerised time-division multiplex (TDM) signalling through the train lighting circuits. This had the added benefit that intermediate carriages needed no special equipment, and was found more satisfactory. Such trains became widely used on the intensive passenger service between Edinburgh Waverley and Glasgow Queen Street. When the push–pull sets were replaced by multiple units, the DBSOs were transferred to the Liverpool Street to Norwich service, where they were modified to work with Class 86 electric locomotives. The original system of using the Blue Star multiple working was later revived after privatisation as a way of allowing locomotive-hauled stock to replace multiple units on certain routes, thus increasing capacity without the complications of having to run around or drag a dead locomotive at the rear. It was used by First North Western and Wessex Trains with Class 31s, and by Abellio Greater Anglia, Arriva Trains Northern, Northern Rail and Northern with Class 37s all with Mark 2 carriages. The same system was also adopted by Network Rail for its track observation trains, although on many trains one locomotive has recently been replaced by a DBSO modified to work with Blue Star. Driving van trailers (DVTs)
A GNER Mark 4 Driving Van Trailer at Alnmouth in June 2005
Main article: Driving Van Trailer
In 1988, 52 Mark 3 Driving Van Trailers were built by British Rail Engineering Limited to allow it to replace life