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Content: Detergents are also beneficial in fighting an oil slick. But like the microorganisms, these have long-term effects on the ecosystems. According to NOAA, detergents kill coral reefs. Social Effects
In nearly every incident of an oil spill, there is a public outcry against the practice of shipping oil and the company responsible. In the Exxon Valdez oil spill, 38,000 people sued the company over the environmental damage. The plaintiffs were ultimately awarded $287 million in compensatory damages and $380.6 million in punitive damages. This same incident also derailed the plans to build a facility to remove oil from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Opponents worried about the possible effects of an oil spill on land in a protected habitat. In addition, the 1969 oil spill in Santa Barbara, Calif., caused many laws to be placed on the oil companies operating in and around the United States. It placed a moratorium on the building of new oil refineries and also a number of rules regarding the transport of oil.