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Content: How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the Civil War? It freed all the slaves, including those in the border states that remained loyal to the Union. It transformed the Civil War from a war to restore the Union to a struggle over slavery. It put the momentum squarely on the side of the Confederacy. It caused the remaining border states to leave the Union and join the Confederacy. It prompted the Confederacy to surrender. It transformed the Civil War from a war to restore the Union to a struggle over slavery.