Title: DECOLONISATION OF AFRICA – SELF STUDY HISTORY
Headings: 
DECOLONISATION OF AFRICA
DECOLONISATION OF AFRICA
Decolonisation:
(1) Kenya:
Mau Mau Rebellion:
Independent Kenya (1963):
On 12 December 1964 the Republic of Kenya was proclaimed, and Jomo Kenyatta became Kenya’s first president
(2) Gold Coast / Ghana:
(3) Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia)
UDI and civil war (1965–1979):
(4) Mauritius:
(5) Tanzania:
(6) French and British Cameron:
(7) Algeria:
(8) Djibouti:
(9) Portuguese Colonies:
(10) Uganda:
(11) Burundi:
(12) Namibia:
(13) Guinea:
(14) Morocco:
(15) “Wind of Change” and “Year of Africa”:
(16) Egypt:
(17) Sudan:
(18) Libya:
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Content: While the United States generally supported the concept of national self-determination, it also had strong ties to its European allies, who had imperial claims on their former colonies. The Cold War only served to complicate the U.S. position, as U.S. support for decolonization was offset by American concern over communist expansion and Soviet strategic ambitions in Europe. Several of the NATO allies asserted that their colonial possessions provided them with economic and military strength that would otherwise be lost to the alliance. Nearly all of the United States’ European allies believed that after their recovery from World War II their colonies would finally provide the combination of raw materials and protected markets for finished goods that would cement the colonies to Europe. However, as the Cold War competition with the Soviet Union came to dominate U.S. foreign policy concerns in the late 1940s and 1950s, the Truman and Eisenhower Administrations grew increasingly concerned that as the European powers lost their colonies or granted them independence, Soviet-supported communist parties might achieve power in the new states. This might serve to shift the international balance of power in favor of the Soviet Union and remove access to economic resources from U.S. allies. Even if new governments did not directly link themselves to the Soviet Union. Thus, the United States used aid packages, technical assistance and sometimes even military intervention to encourage newly independent nations in the Third World to adopt governments that aligned with the West. The Soviet Union deployed similar tactics in an effort to encourage new nations to join the communist bloc, and attempted to convince newly decolonized countries that communism was an intrinsically non-imperialist economic and political ideology. Many of the new nations resisted the pressure to be drawn into the Cold War, joined in the “nonaligned movement,” which formed after the Bandung conference of 1955, and focused on internal development.