Title: Russia in the European energy sector - Wikipedia
Headings: Russia in the European energy sector
Russia in the European energy sector
Contents
History
Natural gas deliveries
Disputes and diversification efforts
Nuclear fuel supplies
See also
References

Content: The largest importers of Russian gas in the European Union are Germany and Italy, accounting together for almost half of the EU's gas imports from Russia. Other larger Russian gas importers (over 5 billion cubic meter per year) in the European Union are France, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, Austria and Slovakia. The largest non-EU importers of Russian natural gas are Ukraine, Turkey and Belarus. In 2013 the shares of Russian natural gas in the domestic gas consumption in EU countries were: Estonia 100%
Finland 100%
Latvia 100%
Lithuania 100%
Slovakia 100%
Bulgaria 97%
Hungary 83%
Slovenia 72%
Greece 66%
Czech Republic 63%
Austria 62%
Poland 57%
Germany 46%
Italy 34%
France 18%
Netherlands 5%
Belgium 1.1%
Disputes and diversification efforts
See also: Liquefied natural gas and Nord Stream 2
Angela Merkel criticized the United States's sanctions against Russia that target EU–Russia energy projects. On the eve of the 2006 Riga summit, Senator Richard Lugar, head of the U.S. Senate's Foreign Relations Committee, declared that "the most likely source of armed conflict in the European theatre and the surrounding regions will be energy scarcity and manipulation." Since then, the variety of national policies and stances of larger exporters versus larger dependents of Russian gas, together with the segmentation of the European gas market, has become a prominent issue in European politics toward Russia, with significant geopolitical implications for economic and political ties between the EU and Russia. These ties have occasionally led to calls for greater European energy diversity, although such efforts are complicated by the fact that many European customers have long term legal contracts for gas deliveries despite the disputes, most of which stretch beyond 2025–2030. The EU's failure to successfully advance a common energy policy can be further exemplified by the building of the Nord Stream pipeline, which embodies the divisions between the center and the periphery of the EU—between Old and New Europe.