Title: Kingdom Plantae | collegekarachi
Headings: Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Plantae
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF KINGDOM PLANTAE
A – SUB-DIVISION – BRYOPHYTES (NON-VASCULAR)
B- SUB-DIVISION – TRACHEOPHYTES
SUB –DIVISION BRYOPHYTA (AMPHIBIAN PLANTS) OR (NON-VASCULAR PLANTS)
ADAPTATION OF BRYOPHYTES TO LAND HABITAT
CLASSES OF BRYOPHYTES
1-MUSCI (MOSSES)
2-HEPATICAE (LIVERWORTS)
3- ANTHROCERATAE:- (HORNWORTS)
SUB-DIVISION TRACHEOPHYTA (VASCULAR PLANTS)
CLASSES OF TRACHEOPHYTES
1-PSILOPSIDA
2-LYCOPSIDA (THE CLUB MOSSES)
STEPS OF EVOLUTION
PINUS
HABIT AND HABITAT
MORPHOLOGY
LIFE CYCLE OF PINUS
1. SPOROPHYTIC PHASE
2. GAMETOPHYTE PHASE
POLLINATION
FERTILIZATION
PINUS SEED
STRUCTURE OF OVULE
STRUCTURE OF POLLEN GRAIN

Content: The vascular tissue is differentiated into centrally placed xylem and surrounded phloem
(FIGURE 9.06 (a) Reconstruction of Rhunia) TEXT BOOK BIO-XI Pg# 170
B) PSILOTUM AND TEMESIPTERIS (LIVING SPECIES OF PSILOPSIDA)
Sporophyte plant produce spores, which give rise to minute subterranean gametophytes. Each gametophyte bears both female reproductive organ Archegonia and male reproductive organ Antheridia w/c produce both egg and sperm respectively. As a result of fertilization a diploid zygote is formed which develops into sporophyte plant. Sporophyte stage of life cycle is dominant, but haploid gametoplyte stage is still relatively large. EVOLUTION OF LEAF
The leaf is the most important organ of a green plant because of its photosynthetic activity. Leaves are of tow types
1. Single veined leaves- Contain only one vein
2. Poly veined leaves- Contain two or more veins
1- EVOLUTION OF SINGLE-VEINED LEAF
It is assuming that a thorn like out growth emerged on the surface of the naked stem. With an increase in size of the leaf, the vascular tissues were also formed for the supply of water and support to the leaf. Another possibility is that a single veined leaf originated by a reduction in size of a part of the leafless branching system of the primitive vascular plants.