Title: 
Headings: 
Why
 
Has
 
T
errorism
Increased?

T
errorism
 
by
 
Individuals
 
and
 
Organizations

Terrorism
 
against
 
Americans

September
 
11,
 
2001,
 
Attacks

Al-Qaeda

Where
 
Is
 
Osama
 
bin
 
Laden?

State
 
Support
 
for
 
T
errorism

Libya

Afghanistan

Iraq

Pakistan

SUMMARY

Future
 
of
 
the
 
Nation-State
 
in
 
Europe


Content: Terrorists
 
consider
 
violence
 
necessary
 
as
 
a
 
means
 
of
 
bring-
ing
 
widespread
 
publicity
 
to
 
goals
 
and
 
grievances
 
that
 
are
not
 
being
 
addressed
 
through
 
peaceful
 
means. Terrorists’
belief
 
in
 
their
 
cause
 
is
 
so
 
strong
 
that
 
they
 
do
 
not
 
hesitate
 
to
strike
 
despite
 
knowing
 
they
 
will
 
probably
 
die
 
in
 
the
 
act. ■
T
errorism
 
by
 
Individuals
 
and
 
Organizations
The
 
term
 
terror
(from
 
the
 
Latin
 
“to
 
frighten”)
 
was
 
first
 
applied
to
 
the
 
period
 
of
 
the
 
French
 
Revolution
 
between
 
March
 
1793
and
 
July
 
1794,
 
known
 
as
 
the
 
Reign
 
of
 
Terror. In
 
the
 
name
 
of
protecting
 
the
 
principles
 
of
 
the
 
revolution,
 
the
 
Committee
 
of
Public
 
Safety,
 
headed
 
by
 
Maximilien
 
Robespierre,
 
guillotined
several
 
thousand
 
of
 
its
 
political
 
opponents. In
 
modern
 
times,
 
the
term
 
terrorism
has
 
been
 
applied
 
to
 
actions
 
by
 
groups
 
operating
outside
 
government
 
rather
 
than
 
to
 
those
 
of
 
official
 
government
agencies,
 
although
 
some
 
governments
 
provide
 
military
 
and
financial
 
support
 
for
 
terrorists. Four
 
U.S.
 
presidents
 
have
 
been
 
assassinated—Lincoln
(1865),
 
Garfield
 
(1881),
 
McKinley
 
(1901),
 
and
 
Kennedy
 
(1963). The
 
Roman
 
Emperor
 
Julius
 
Caesar’s
 
assassination
 
2,000
 
years
ago
 
has
 
been
 
vividly
 
re-created
 
for
 
future
 
generations
 
through
Shakespeare’s
 
play. The
 
assassination
 
of
 
the
 
Archduke
 
Franz
Ferdinand,
 
heir
 
to
 
the
 
throne
 
of
 
Austria-Hungary,
 
by
 
a
 
Serb
 
in
Sarajevo
 
(capital
 
of
 
present-day
 
Bosnia
 
&
 
Herzegovina)
 
June
 
28,
1914,
 
led
 
directly
 
to
 
the
 
outbreak
 
of
 
World
 
War
 
I.
 
But
 
terrorism
differs
 
from
 
assassinations
 
and
 
other
 
acts
 
of
 
political
 
violence
because
 
attacks
 
are
 
aimed
 
at
 
ordinary
 
people
 
rather
 
than
 
at
 
mil-
itary
 
targets
 
or
 
political
 
leaders. Victims
 
of
 
terrorism
 
are
 
a
 
cross
section
 
of
 
citizens
 
who
 
happen
 
to
 
be
 
at
 
the
 
target
 
at
 
the
 
time
 
of
the
 
attack. Other
 
types
 
of
 
military
 
action
 
can
 
result
 
in
 
civilian
deaths—bombs
 
can
 
go
 
astray,
 
targets
 
can
 
be
 
misidentified,
 
and
enemy’s
 
military
 
equipment
 
can
 
be
 
hidden
 
in
 
civilian
 
build-
ings—but
 
average
 
individuals
 
are
 
unintended
 
victims
 
rather
than
 
principal
 
targets
 
in
 
most
 
conflicts.