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Content: The term "media bias" implies a pervasive or widespread bias contravening the standards of journalism, rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article. The direction and degree of media bias in various countries is widely disputed. [ 1]
Practical limitations to media neutralityinclude the inability of journalists to report all available stories and facts, and the requirement that selected facts be linked into a coherent narrative.[2] Governmentinfluence, including overt and covert censorship, biases the media in some countries, for example China, North Koreaand Myanmar. [ 3][4]Marketforces that result in a biased presentation include the ownershipof the news source, concentration of media ownership, the subjective selection of staff, or the preferencesof an intended audience. There are a number of national and international watchdoggroups that report on bias of the media. Contents
1Types
2History
3Confirmation bias
4United States political bias
5Scholarly treatment in the United States and United Kingdom
6Efforts to correct bias
7National and ethnic viewpoint
8Anglophone bias in the world media
9Religious bias
10Social media bias
11How people view media
12Role of language
13Other influences
14See also
15References
16Further reading
17External links
Types[edit]
The most commonly discussed types of bias occur when the (allegedly partisan) media support or attack a particular political party,[5]candidate,[6]or ideology. D'Alessio and Allen list three forms of media bias as the most widely studied:[7]
Coverage bias(also known as visibility bias),[5]when actors or issues are more or less visible in the news. Gatekeeping bias(also known as selectivity[8]or selection bias),[9]when stories are selected or deselected, sometimes on ideological grounds (see spike). It is sometimes also referred to as agenda bias, when the focus is on political actors and whether they are covered based on their preferred policy issues. [ 5][10]
Statement bias (also known as tonality bias[5]or presentation bias),[9]when media coverage is slanted towards or against particular actors or issues.