Title: Chemical control of nematodes: efficiency and side-effects
Headings: Chemical control of nematodes: efficiency and side-effects
Chemical control of nematodes: efficiency and side-effects
S.R. Gowen
Introduction
Chemical control of nematodes
The demand
Efficacy
TABLE 1
Nematicides currently available on world markets
TABLE 2
Examples of recommended nematicidal dosages and treatments for some important crops1
Side-effects
Future developments
References

Content: Efficacy
Fumigants. Several general purpose fumigants give excellent control of nematodes in soil. The efficacy is related to their high volatility at ambient temperatures. All fumigants have low molecular weights and occur as gases or liquids. As they volatilize, the gas diffuses through the spaces between soil particles; nematodes living in these spaces are killed. TABLE 1
Nematicides currently available on world markets
Chemical name
Trade name
Formulation
Fumigants
Methyl bromide
Dowfume
Gas
1,3 dichloropropene
Telone/DD-95
Liquid
Ethylene dibromide 1
Dowfume W-85
Liquid
Metam-sodium
Vapam
Liquid
Dazomet
Basamid
Dust (prill)
Methyl isothiocyanate
Di-Trapex
Liquid
Chloropicrin 1
Larvacide
Liquid
Organophosphates
Thionazin
Nemafos
Granular or emulsifiable liquid
Ethoprophos
Mocap
Granular or emulsifiable liquid
Fenamiphos
Nemacur
Granular or emulsifiable liquid
Fensulfothion
Dasanit
Granular
Terbufos
Counter
Granular
Isazofos
Miral
Granular or emulsifiable liquid
Ebufos
Rugby
Granular or emulsifiable liquid
Carbamates
Aldicarb
Temik
Granular
Aldoxycarb
Standak
Flowable
OxamyI
Vydate
Granular or emulsifiable liquid
Carbofuran
Furadan/Curaterr
Granular or flowable
Cleothocarb
Lance
Granular
1 Use restricted. Fumigants perform best in soils that do not have high levels of organic matter (which deactivates the toxicant) and that are free-draining but have adequate moisture. In general, fumigants are most effective in warm soils (12° to 15°C) as dispersion is temperature related. Methyl bromide, the most dangerous of the fumigants still in common use, has to be applied beneath a polyethylene sheet.