Title: Revolutions of 1848 - Wikipedia
Headings: Revolutions of 1848
Revolutions of 1848
Revolutions of 1848
Contents
Origins
Urban workers
Rural areas
Role of ideas
Sequence of main trends
Spring 1848: Astonishing success
Summer 1848: Divisions among reformers
Autumn 1848: Reactionaries organize for a counter-revolution
1849–1851: Overthrow of revolutionary regimes
Events by country or region
Italian states
France
German states
Denmark
Schleswig
Habsburg Monarchy
Hungary
Galicia
Sweden
Switzerland
Greater Poland
Romanian Principalities
Belgium
Ireland
Spain
Other European states
Other English-speaking countries
Latin America
Legacy
In popular culture
See also
References
Bibliography
Surveys
France
Germany and Austria
Italy
Other
Historiography
External links

Content: Many of the revolutions were quickly suppressed; tens of thousands of people were killed, and many more were forced into exile. Significant lasting reforms included the abolition of serfdom in Austria and Hungary, the end of absolute monarchy in Denmark, and the introduction of representative democracy in the Netherlands. The revolutions were most important in France, the Netherlands, Italy, the Austrian Empire, and the states of the German Confederation that would make up the German Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century. Contents
1 Origins
1.1 Urban workers
1.2 Rural areas
1.3 Role of ideas
2 Sequence of main trends
2.1 Spring 1848: Astonishing success
2.2 Summer 1848: Divisions among reformers
2.3 Autumn 1848: Reactionaries organize for a counter-revolution
2.4 1849–1851: Overthrow of revolutionary regimes
3 Events by country or region
3.1 Italian states
3.2 France
3.3 German states
3.4 Denmark
3.4.1 Schleswig
3.5 Habsburg Monarchy
3.5.1 Hungary
3.5.2 Galicia
3.6 Sweden
3.7 Switzerland
3.8 Greater Poland
3.9 Romanian Principalities
3.10 Belgium
3.11 Ireland
3.12 Spain
3.13 Other European states
3.14 Other English-speaking countries
3.15 Latin America
4 Legacy
4.1 In popular culture
5 See also
6 References
7 Bibliography
7.1 Surveys
7.2 France
7.3 Germany and Austria
7.4 Italy
7.5 Other
7.6 Historiography
8 External links
Origins
Map of Europe in 1848–1849 depicting the main revolutionary centers, important counter-revolutionary troop movements and states with abdications
The revolutions arose from such a wide variety of causes that it is difficult to view them as resulting from a coherent movement or set of social phenomena. Numerous changes had been taking place in European society throughout the first half of the 19th century.