Title: Pan-africanism | Encyclopedia.com
Headings: Pan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism
PAN-AFRICANISM.
Origins and Development of Pan-Africanism
Ethiopianism.
Transnational Pan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism in the Early Twentieth Century
Marcus Garvey.
Pan-Africanist literary and cultural movements.
Pan-Africanists and communism.
Pan-Africanism in France.
Women's contributions to Pan-Africanism.
Pan-Africanism after World War II
and Postcolonialism
Pan-Arabism and Pan-Africanism.
Pan-Africanism in the Late Twentieth Century
The Future of Pan-Africanism
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Pan-Africanism
Bibliography
Pan-Africanism
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pan-Africanism
HISTORICAL CONTEXT FOR PAN-AFRICANISM
CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF PAN-AFRICANISM
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pan-Africanism
W. E. B. DU BOIS
MARCUS GARVEY
GEORGE PADMORE
KWAME NKRUMAH
JULIUS NYERERE
C. L. R. JAMES
WALTER RODNEY
PAN-AFRICANISM IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pan-Africanism

Content: Pan-africanism | Encyclopedia.com
History
Asia and Africa
African History
Pan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism
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PAN-AFRICANISM. Because it refers neither to a single political ideology nor a clearly discernible philosophical tradition, Pan-Africanism is difficult to define. Many scholars avoid defining it, noting that black internationalism has varied drastically according to time and place. Indeed, various conceptions of Pan-Africanism have been aligned with disparate political and theoretical positions, from largely religious to communist to even, Paul Gilroy suggests, fascist forms. Yet, the concept can be said to signify a set of shared assumptions. Pan-Africanist intellectual, cultural, and political movements tend to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single "race" and sharing cultural unity. Pan-Africanism posits a sense of a shared historical fate for Africans in the Americas, West Indies, and, on the continent itself, has centered on the Atlantic trade in slaves, African slavery, and European imperialism. Cultural and intellectual manifestations of Pan-Africanism have been devoted to recovering or preserving African "traditions" and emphasizing the contributions of Africans and those in the diaspora to the modern world. Pan-Africanists have invariably fought against racial discrimination and for the political rights of Africans and descendants of Africans, have tended to be anti-imperialist, and often espoused a metaphorical or symbolic (if not literal) "return" to Africa. Origins and Development of Pan-Africanism
The modern conception of Pan-Africanism, if not the term itself, dates from at least the mid-nineteenth-century.