Title: Three Types of Research | Experiment | Statistics
Headings: Three Types of Research
Three Types of Research
Uploaded by
Description:
Copyright:
Available Formats
Three Types of Research
Theory and Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen
Effect of Time in Psychology Research
1. Cross-sectional research takes place at a single point in time.
2. Longitudinal research is a study that takes place over a period of time.
Causal Relationships Between Variables
• A causal relationship is when one variable causes a change in another
Correlational Relationships Between Variables
• A positive correlation is a direct relationship where as the amount of one
Validity isn’t determined by a single statistic, but by a body of research that
In some instances where a test measures a trait that is difficult to define, an
• Predictive Validity occurs when the criterion measures are obtained at a
The independent variable: the treatment variable that is manipulated by the
The dependent variable: the response that the experimenter is measuring.
The control group: made up of individuals who are randomly assigned to a
The experimental group: made up of individuals who are randomly assigned to
Experimenters use inferential statistics to determine if the results of an
The key to determining if a treatment had an effect is to measure the statistical
Statistical significance is often represented like this:
• Positive Correlations: Both variables increase or decrease at the same
A correlation coefficient of 0 indicates no correlation.
Limitations of Correlational Studies:
Advantages of Naturalistic Observation:
• Gives the experimenter the opportunity to view the variable of interest in a
Disadvantages of Naturalistic Observation:
• Can be time consuming and expensive.
2. The Survey Method
Advantages of the Survey Method:
Disadvantages of the Survey Method:
• Can be affected by an unrepresentative sample or poor survey questions.
Archival research is performed by analyzing studies conducted by other
• The experimenter cannot introduce changes in participant behavior.
Disadvantages of Archival Research:
Rate
Share

Content: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Flag for inappropriate content
Download now
Save Save Three Types of Research For Later
94% (18)
94% found this document useful (18 votes)
58K views 8 pages
Three Types of Research
Uploaded by
asghaznavi
Description: Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Flag for inappropriate content
Save Three Types of Research For Later
94% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful
6% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful
Three Types of Research
1. Causal Reseach
When most people think of scientific experimentation, research on cause and
effect is most often brought to mind. Experiments on causal relationships
investigate the effect of one or more variables on one or more outcome variables. This type of research also determines if one variable causes another variable to
occur or change. An example of this type of research would be altering the
amount of a treatment and measuring the effect on study participants. 2. Descriptive Research
Descriptive research seeks to depict what already exists in a group or
population. An example of this type of research would be an opinion poll to
determine which Presidential candidate people plan to vote for in the next
election.