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Content: Substitutes more realistic interpretations for the biased thoughts
5. Identifies the dysfunctional beliefs that predispose him or her to distort experiences
Basic Concepts
"The general thrust of cognitive therapy is that emotional responses are largely dependent on cognitive appraisals of the significance of environmental cues." (Wright, Beck, & Thase, 2003)
- Basic Concepts include automatic thoughts and schemas or core beliefs. Automatic Thoughts
Automatic thoughts— thoughts that occur rapidly in response to a situation and without rational analysis; sometimes called cognitive errors. These thoughts are often negative and based on erroneous logic. Some examples are: - Arbitrary inference
- Overgeneralization
- Dichotomous thinking
- Selective abstraction
- Magnification
- Minimization
- Catastrophic thinking
- Personalization
- Mind reading
- Change fallacy
- Fairness fallacy
- Global labeling
- Blaming
- Shoulds
Schemas (core beliefs)
- "Cognitive structures that consist of the individual's fundamental beliefs and assumptions, which develop early in life from personal experiences and identification with significant others. These concepts are reinforced by further learning experiences and, in turn, influence the formation of other beliefs, values, and attitudes." ( Beck & Weishaar, 2005)
- Schemas may be adaptive or maladaptive, general or specific, and positive or negative.