Title: What Are the Key Methods Used to Describe Cultures?
Headings: 3.2
What Are the Key Methods Used to Describe Cultures?

3.2 What Are the Key Methods Used to Describe Cultures?
Learning Objectives
Hofstede and Values
Edward T. Hall
Context: High-Context versus Low-Context Cultures
Space
Attitudes toward Time: Polychronic versus Monochronic Cultures
What Else Determines a Culture?
Communication
Verbal Language
Did You Know?
Body Language
Did You Know?
Amusing Anecdote
Ethnocentrism
Key Takeaways
Exercises

Content: The next dimension is masculinity
The value dimension referring to how a society views traits that are considered feminine or masculine. , which may sound like an odd way to define a culture. When we talk about masculine or feminine cultures, we’re not talking about diversity issues. It’s about how a society views traits that are considered masculine or feminine. This value dimension refers to how a culture ranks on traditionally perceived “masculine” values: assertiveness, materialism, and less concern for others. In masculine-oriented cultures, gender roles are usually crisply defined. Men tend to be more focused on performance, ambition, and material success. They cut tough and independent personas, while women cultivate modesty and quality of life. Cultures in Japan and Latin American are examples of masculine-oriented cultures.