Title: Abnormalities of Posture and Appearance - WSAVA2007 - VIN
Headings: 
Abnormalities of Head Posture
Abnormalities of Limb Posture
Abnormalities of Body Trunk Posture

Content: Abnormalities of Posture and Appearance - WSAVA2007 - VIN
Animals with neurologic disease may have numerous postural, behavioral, involuntary, and seizure disorders that result in them having abnormal appearances and actions. Animals may have abnormalities of voluntary movement, and those will be covered in the session on dogs and cats that can't walk. Abnormalities of Head Posture
A head tilt is an abnormal posture wherein one ear is deviated more ventrally than the opposite. For reference, when the animal is viewed from the front, an imaginary line can be drawn from one side of the head to the other along the horizon. A second imaginary line can be drawn perpendicular to this horizontal line that transects through the philtrum of the nose. In normal animals, these imaginary lines will form a 90° angle. In animals with a head tilt, the imaginary line drawn through the philtrum will form an acute angle less than 90°. When severe, the animal may be rolled on the dorsal aspect of its body. In some cases, the animal may continually fall and roll. Head tilting is most often associated with disease of the vestibular or cerebellar systems.