Title: Indian Civil Rights Act Resources on the Tribal Court Clearinghouse
Headings: 
Indian Civil Rights Act
What is the Indian Civil Rights Act?
Enforcement of ICRA
Books & Articles
Reports
Blogs & Other Resources

Content: effective assistance of counsel; free, appointed, licensed attorneys for indigent defendants; law-trained judges; and publicly available criminal laws. Indian Civil Rights Act as Amended by the Tribal Law and Order Act, July 2010
2013 – Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)
The Indian Civil Rights Act (ICRA) was amended for the fourth time in 2013 in order to partially overturn the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191 (1978). Oliphant held that tribal courts lack criminal jurisdiction over non-Indian defendants. Congress partially overturned the Oliphant decision in the re-authorization of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 2013. Title IX of the VAWA Act, among other provisions, provided for "special domestic violence criminal jurisdiction" to tribal courts over non-Indian offenders who commit domestic violence, dating violence, or violate a protection order. However, to utilize this special domestic violence criminal jurisdiction, tribal courts will have to provide certain enumerated due process protections. These include all TLOA due process protections (even if tribes do not impose the enhanced sentencing options), as well as several additional due process protections including the right to an impartial jury.