Title: Coastal flooding - Wikipedia
Headings: Coastal flooding
Coastal flooding
Contents
Types
Causes
Storms and storm surges
Sea level rise
Sunny day flooding
Tsunami
Mitigation
Engineered defenses
Natural defenses
Responses
Social and economic impacts
Top disasters by deaths in 2004
Environmental impacts
Examples
Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans
Indonesia and Japan earthquake-related tsunamis
Future research
See also
References
Sources
External links

Content: this is known as wind setup. Low atmospheric pressure is associated with storm systems and this tends to increase the surface sea level; this is a barometric setup. Finally increased wave breaking height results in a higher water level in the surf zone, which is wave setup. These three processes interact to create waves that can overtop natural and engineered coastal protection structures thus penetrating seawater further inland than normal. Sea level rise
Satellite observations of sea level rise since 1993 (NASA)
Major cities threatened by sea level rise. The cities indicated are under threat of even a small sea level rise (of 1.6 foot/49 cm) compared to the level in 2010. Even moderate projections indicate that such a rise will have occurred by 2060. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimate global mean sea-level rise from 1990 to 2100 to be between nine and eighty-eight centimetres. It is also predicted that with climate change there will be an increase in the intensity and frequency of storm events such as hurricanes.