Title: 
Headings: Was Martin Luther a conservative or revolutionary leader in the 16th century? Virginia Jiang

Content: of
 
his
 
holy
 
name. ”10
 
Luther
 
did
 
not
 
wish
 
to
 
create
 
a
 
change
 
in
 
the
 
social
 
order. Instead,
 
as
 
in
 
his
 
doctrinal
 
beliefs,
 
he
 
wanted
 
a
 
return
 
to
 
the
 
oaths
 
and
 
responsibilities
 
historically
 
held
 
by
 
peasants
 
and
 
rulers. His
 
retreat
 
to
 
the
 
social
 
and
 
political
 
norm
 
during
 
the
 
Peasant’s
 
Revolt
 
was
 
the
 
result
 
of
  
his
 
idealist
 
historical
 
fantasies
 
of
 
mutual
 
respect
 
between
 
peasants
 
and
 
monarchs
 
in
 
times
 
past. Despite
 
Luther’s
 
fundamental
 
theological
 
and
 
social
 
conservatism,
 
his
 
actions
 
prompted
 
a
 
liberalization
 
of
 
social,
 
political,
 
and
 
religious
 
institutions
 
in
 
Europe
 
and
 
America. Later
 
Protestants
 
saw
 
Luther’s
 
protest
 
against
 
church
 
corruption
 
as
 
a
 
precedent
 
for
 
greater
 
reform
 
of
 
not
 
just
 
religious
 
establishments,
 
but
 
also
 
secular
 
matters.11
 
They
 
transformed
 
Luther’s
 
ideas
 
of
 
“simul
 
justus
 
et
 
Peccator”
 
into
 
a
 
political
 
platform. These
 
Protestants
 
maintained
 
Luther’s
 
doctrine
 
of
 
universal
 
priesthood
 
and
 
extended
 
it. They
 
believed
 
that
 
“to
 
be
 
righteous
 
is
 
to
 
be
 
human
 
as
 
God
 
envisioned
 
in
 
creation,
 
and
 
again
 
in
 
redemption,”12and
 
so
 
all
 
are
 
equal
 
and
 
entitled
 
to
 
natural
 
liberties
 
to
 
serve
 
Him. Conversely,
 
these