Title: Social Problems: Chapter 9 - Gender Inequality
Headings: Chapter 9
Gender Inequality

Chapter 9
Gender Inequality
Summary by Russ Long
July 25, 2017
I. Introduction
II. The Differentiation and Ranking of Women and Men
A. Gender Stratification
B. Gender
C. Sex
D. A Feminist Approach (feminism)
E. Sexism
F. Sexual harassment
III. The Biological Basis for Gender Roles
A. Health Differences
B. Hormonal Differences
VI. Gender and Power
A. Patriarchy
V. What Causes Gender Inequality?
A. Materialist Theories
B. The Division Between Domestic and Public Work
VI. Socialization Versus Structure:
Two Approaches to Sexism
A. Gender Roles
B. The Gender Role Approach
C. The Gender Structure Approach
VII. Learning Gender
A. The Child at Home
1. Socialization By Parents
a. The Role of Fathers
b. The Role of Mothers
2. Children's Books
Androgyny
B. The Child at Play
C. Formal Education
1. Curriculum.
2. Teacher-student interactions.
3. Counseling
VIII. Socialization as Blaming the Victim
IX. The Reinforcement of Male Dominance
A. Language
B. Interpersonal Behavior
C. Mass Communication Media
1. Women's Portrayal in the Media
2. Commercials
3. Other Issues
X. Structured Gender Inequality
A. Occupational Distribution
1. Pink-Collar Occupations
2. Sex-Segregation: A Stable Phenomena
B. Earnings Discrimination
C. Race, Gender, and Workplace Segregation
D. Pay Equity: Comparable Worth
E. How Workplace Inequality Operates
1. Split-Labor Market
a. Primary Sector
b. Secondary Sector
2. Glass Ceiling
F. Blocked-Opportunities
G. Sponsor Protégé' Systems and Gender Stratification
H. Women and Men in Families
Bibliography

Content: VI. Socialization Versus Structure: Two Approaches to Sexism
A. Gender Roles
Gender roles refer to the rights, responsibilities, expectations,  and relationships of men and women. Gender roles are not uniform throughout the world. Every society has  certain expectations for both women and men, as well as elaborate ways of producing people  who are much like these expectations. The cross-cultural evidence shows a wide variation  of behaviors for the sexes (Eitzen, 2000:249). B. The Gender Role Approach
The gender role approach focuses on learning behaviors that  are defined as masculine or feminine. The gender role approach emphasizes  characteristics that individuals acquire during the course of socialization, such as  independence or dependent behaviors and ways men and women relate to each other (Eitzen,  2000:252). C. The Gender Structure Approach
The gender structure approach emphasizes factors that are  external to individuals, such as the organization of social institutions, including the  concentration of power, the legal system, and organizational barriers that promote sexual  inequality. These approaches tend to differ in how they view the sexes, in how they  explain the causes and effects of sexism, and in the solutions they suggest for  elimination of inequality.