Title: First Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia
Headings: First Amendment to the United States Constitution
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
Contents
Text
Background
Freedom of religion
Establishment of religion
Separationists
Accommodationists
Free exercise of religion
Freedom of speech and of the press
Wording of the clause
Speech critical of the government
World War I
Extending protections
Political speech
Anonymous speech
Campaign finance
Flag desecration
Falsifying military awards
Compelled speech
Commercial speech
School speech
Internet access
Obscenity
Memoirs of convicted criminals
Defamation
Private action
Freedom of the press
Petition and assembly
Freedom of association
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Further reading
External links

Content: First Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
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"First Amendment" redirects here. For the first amendments to other constitutions, see First Amendment (disambiguation). 1791 amendment limiting government restriction of civil rights
This article is part of a series on the
Constitution
of the United States

Preamble and Articles
Preamble
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
Amendments to the Constitution
Bill of Rights: I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
XXI
XXII
XXIII
XXIV
XXV
XXVI
XXVII
Unratified Amendments: Congressional Apportionment
Titles of Nobility
Corwin
Child Labor
Equal Rights
D.C. Voting Rights
History
Drafting and ratification timeline
Convention
Signing
Federalism
Republicanism
Full text
Preamble and Articles I–VII
Amendments I–X
Amendments XI–XXVII
Unratified Amendments
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The First Amendment ( Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents the government from making laws which regulate an establishment of religion, or that would prohibit the free exercise of religion, or abridge the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly, or the right to petition the government for redress of grievances. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as one of the ten amendments that constitute the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was proposed to assuage Anti-Federalist opposition to Constitutional ratification. Initially, the First Amendment applied only to laws enacted by the Congress, and many of its provisions were interpreted more narrowly than they are today. Beginning with Gitlow v. New York (1925), the Supreme Court applied the First Amendment to states—a process known as incorporation —through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment . In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), the Court drew on Thomas Jefferson 's correspondence to call for "a wall of separation between church and State", though the precise boundary of this separation remains in dispute.