Title: Esophageal dysmotility, esophageal motility disorder, causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment
Headings: Esophageal dysmotility
Esophageal dysmotility
Esophageal motility disorder
Esophagus anatomy
Figure 1. Esophagus
Figure 2. Esophagus anatomy
Figure 3. Cross section view of the esophagus
Esophagus physiology
Figure 4. How the esophagus works
Upper esophageal sphincter
Peristalsis
Lower esophageal sphincter
Esophageal motility disorder causes
Primary esophageal causes of esophageal dysmotility include:
Systemic disorders causing esophageal dysmotility include:
Esophageal motility disorder symptoms
Achalasia
Spastic esophageal motility disorders
Scleroderma esophagus
Esophageal motility disorder diagnosis
Esophageal motility disorder treatment
Esophageal strictures treatment
Achalasia treatment
Medications
Botulinum toxin injection
Mechanical dilation
Surgery
Common pitfalls and side-effects of management
Esophageal motility disorder prognosis
Achalasia
Scleroderma esophagus
Spastic esophageal motility disorders
Mortality and morbidity
Complications
Achalasia and squamous cell carcinoma
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Content: hypomotility and hypermotility, either of which can affect the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and/or the esophageal body. Dysphagia is a condition affecting over 9 million individuals in the United States. Oropharyngeal dysphagia, specifically, happens in as much as 50% of the elderly and 50% of patients with neurological pathologies. Clinically, oropharyngeal dysphagia can present with severe symptoms such as aspiration and death. Esophageal dysphagia, on the other hand, is a rarer condition with less severe symptoms but is easier to recognize due to symptoms arising from diseases of the enteric nervous system or esophageal muscular layers. Esophageal motility disorders are less common than mechanical and inflammatory diseases affecting the esophagus, such as reflux esophagitis, peptic strictures, and mucosal rings. The clinical presentation of a motility disorder is varied, but, classically, dysphagia and chest pain are reported. In 80% of patients, the cause of a patient’s dysphagia can be suggested from the history, including dysmotility of the esophagus. Before entertaining a diagnosis of a motility disorder, first and foremost, the physician must evaluate for a mechanical obstructing lesion. Oropharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction may be caused by neurologic and neuromuscular diseases or may be of unknown cause.