Title: Vicarious Victimization and Related Forms of Secondary Traumatization - Criminology - Oxford Bibliographies
Headings: 
by
Kelly E. Knight, Colter Ellis, Samuel T. Murphy, Heather Olson, Greer Wagner, Terra Dion, Rachel Gemar
LAST MODIFIED: 26 April 2018
DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780195396607-0242
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Content: For example, Pearlman and Mac Ian 1995 offers a definition of vicarious traumatization that focuses on the internal transformation that occurs within victim service providers, whereas Figley 1999 gives a definition of secondary traumatic stress that focuses more on the symptoms. Several other concepts, however, have stood out over time and can help provide a foundation for understanding vicarious victimization, as described in Newell, et al. 2016. Burgess, A., C. Regehr, and A. Roberts. 2013. Victimology: Theories and applications. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett. In this introductory textbook about the field of victimology, the authors operationally define a victim as an individual who has sustained a serious injury via a confrontation, attack, assault, or violation by a perceived predator.