Title: A History of Racial Segregation in the United States – Brewminate
Headings: A History of Racial Segregation in the United States
A History of Racial Segregation in the United States
Introduction
Reconstruction in the South
Jim Crow Era
New Deal Era
Hypersegregation
Racism
Cultural
Military
Scientific
In the South
In the North
Sports
Charles Follis, Public Domain
Contemporary Segregation
Overview
Residential Segregation
Commercial and Industrial Segregation
1980-1990s
Transportation Segregation
Effects
Education
Health
Crime
Poverty
Appendix
Notes
Further Reading
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Content: for example, most African-American schools received less public funding per student than nearby white schools. Segregation was never mandated by law in the Northern states, but a de facto system grew for schools, in which nearly all black students attended schools that were nearly all-black. In the South, white schools had only white pupils and teachers, while black schools had only black teachers and black students. [ 22]
Some streetcar companies did not segregate voluntarily. It took 15 years for the government to break down their resistance. [ 23]
On at least six occasions over nearly 60 years, the Supreme Court held, either explicitly or by necessary implication, that the “separate but equal” rule announced in Plessy was the correct rule of law, [24] although, toward the end of that period, the Court began to focus on whether the separate facilities were in fact equal. The repeal of “separate but equal” laws was a major focus of the Civil Rights Movement. In Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), the Supreme Court outlawed segregated public education facilities for blacks and whites at the state level. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 superseded all state and local laws requiring segregation. However, compliance with the new law was glacial at best, and it took years with many cases in lower courts to enforce it.