Title: Sobukwe's pan-Africanist dream: an elusive idea that refuses to die
Headings: Sobukwe’s
pan-Africanist
dream: an elusive idea that refuses to die

Sobukwe’s pan-Africanist dream: an elusive idea that refuses to die
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The fathers of pan-Africanism
Africa for the African race and black men to rule them
So what is it?
guides and seeks to connect the actions of millions of persons towards specific and definite goals.
Is Africa really for Africans?
mutual and reciprocal surrender of sovereignty among states on the basis of common interest and free popular consent.
Securing African future a pan-African way
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Content: Africans became estranged from one another, separating into different nationalities. The Organisation of African Unity was established in 1963 to foster unity and solidarity. But it did not deconstruct the Berlin conference stratagem of continued domination of the continent. Its focus was on colonial freedom. It did not change the narrative of the scramble for Africa. This “showed the limits of the pan-Africanism of African states”. The decolonisation project secured the independence of the African states, but their evolution followed the pattern of fragmentation determined in Berlin. Hence, Africans characterise each other as foreigners in their colonially determined boundaries. Sometimes this assumes the form of hatred and violence - xenophobia, ethnic and civil wars. And African leaders jealously protect their sovereignty.