Title: CREST Syndrome Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications
Headings: CREST Syndrome Clinical Presentation
CREST Syndrome Clinical Presentation
History
Calcinosis
Raynaud phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectases
Other manifestations

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Renal crises rarely occur in persons with limited scleroderma (1%); they manifest accelerated hypertension, renal failure, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Entrapment neurologic syndromes (eg, carpal tunnel syndrome) occur. Autonomic dysfunction of the GI tract also occurs. Sicca symptoms are present in approximately 35% of patients. Of patients with sicca symptoms, half have anti-Ro (SSA) or anti-La (SSB) antibodies. Scleroderma is associated with an increased risk of cancer, in particular lung cancer. [ 53]
Next: Physical Examination
Physical Examination
Calcinosis
In scleroderma, calcific deposits are found predominantly in the extremities, around joints, and around bony prominences. Osteonecrosis has also been reported. [