Title: The New Deal | Boundless US History
Headings: The New Deal
The New Deal
Launching the New Deal
Key Points
Key Terms
FDR and the Great Depression
First New Deal (1933–1934/35)
Second New Deal (1935–38)
The New Dealers
Key Points
Key Terms
The Great Depression and Politics
The New Deal Coalition
New Dealers
Strengthening the Monetary System
Key Points
Key Terms
Financial Crisis
The Banking Reform
Monetary Reform
Agricultural Initiatives and Recovery
Key Points
Key Terms
The Great Depression and Rural Areas
Agricultural Adjustment Acts (1933 and 1938)
Relief and Recovery Programs that Benefited Rural Areas
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Planting Crew, author unknown, 1939.
Industrial Recovery
Key Points
Key Terms
National Industrial Recovery Act
National Recovery Administration
Criticism

Content: Recovery meant bringing the economy back to the level of stability and prosperity. Reform entailed introducing measures that would prevent a similar crisis in the future. First New Deal (1933–1934/35)
No other president has been able to achieve as much as Roosevelt in his first 100 days of presidency. Nearly all the programs of the first stage of the New Deal were initiated at that time and executed within less than two years. Three expert advisers from Columbia University—Raymond Moley, Rexford Guy Tugwell, and Adolph A. Berle, Jr., formed Roosevelt’s “Brain Trust ” and greatly contributed to FDR’s initial response to the Great Depression. Although historians label it as the First New Deal, initiatives introduced in the first 100 days of Roosevelt’s presidency do not form a unified program. Instead, they were rather a bold response to what many saw as a war-like state of emergency. Some of the most important programs and reforms of the First New Deal were: Only 36 hours after taking the presidential oath, Roosevelt closed all the banks (the so-called Bank Holiday). The Emergency Banking Act followed the proclamation and enabled the government to close weak banks and reopen more stable banks.