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Content: AP Human Geography Unit 7 Flashcards | Quizlet
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AP Human Geography Unit 7
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Gravity
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Sarahkeisler
Terms in this set (70)
concentric zone model
model that argues that urban land use is best represented by a series of rings, earliest urban land use model, BID RENT THEORY, Von Thunen Model
Burgess
creator of the concentric zone model
Sector model
model that assumes that cities have highway, the distribution of social classes is divided into wedges
Hoyt
creator of the sector model
multiple nuclei model
model that argues that urban land use has more than one focal point and have several discrete nuclei, includes cars
Harris and Ullman
creators of the multiple nuclei model
galactic city model
model that consists of multiple centers which have decentralized cities and sub centered, disjointed
Lewis
creator of galactic city model
Vance
creator of Urban Realms model
Borchert's Epoch's of Transportation
a model that explains how urbanization and the layout of cities are affected by new innovative modes of transportation, (sail wagon, iron horse, steel rail, auto air)
Gravity Model
more populous places and places that are closer together have a greater attraction, (population 1 * population 2)/distance squared
Central Place Theory
a spatial theory in urban geography that attempts to explain the reasons behind the distribution patterns, size, and number of cities and towns around the world
Christaller
creator of Central Place theory
threshold
minimum # of people required to support a business
range
the distance people will travel to purchase a good or service
urbanization
the process that concentrates people into urban places
site
the physical traits of a place; topography, vegetation, and access to water
situation
the geographic context of a place; government, economics, social traits
urban hierarchy
a series of central places ranked on the basis of their threshold, range, and market area (functional complexity); ALL CITIES ARE INTERCONNECTED
world city
a principal centre of global economic power that significantly influences the world's business
megacity
a city with 10 million or more residents
primate city
a city more that two times the size of the next largest city and exerts social, political, and economic dominance
new urbanism
an urban design movement that promotes walkable neighborhoods with a variety of housing job types; ex: Seaside, Fl
rank size rule
a pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement; bigger the city, smaller rank it is
functional complexity
the ability of a town or a city to support sizable population who make a living from specialized, non primary sector activities
smart growth policies
an urban planning theory that concentrates walkable city areas to prevent urban sprawl
mixed use development
cities that blend a use of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial uses
gentrification
wealthier people moving into urban districts to fix up older buildings in low income neighborhoods to make them more tourist friendly and attract income, BAD FOR INNER CITY DWELLERS W/O MONEY:( urban sustainability
a city can be organized without reliance on the surrounding countryside and power itself with renewable energy
greenfield
a piece of land as a potential industrial site, not previously developed or polluted
ethnic segregation
neighborhoods of gathered ethnicities that make up sectors of cities, separated
redlining
refusing to offer home loans on the basis of ethnicity of a neighborhood
blockbusting
use of scare tactics to promote switch of racial groups in a neighborhood
NIMBY
the opposition to something undesirable in one's neighborhood, poor communities have less say on what goes on
infrastructure
the basic physical organization and structures of a place or facility for the operation of a society or enterprise
suburbanization
the increase of area surrounding the central city that is housing, not business
gated community
a form of housing containing strictly controlled entrances for automobiles and people, gated
edge city
a new downtown consisting of clusters of business activity that develops in the suburbs, like galactic model
boomburg
a rapidly growing city that remains suburban
uptown
a "high class" area of a city
sprawl
the spread of low density land use in a city because of rapid urbanization
decentralization
forces that draw people out of the central city
centralization
forces that draw people into the downtown or CBD
zone of abandonment
areas that have been deserted in a city for economic or environmental reasons
disamenity
the lack of desirable features in a place or city
slum
an overcrowded, impoverished area of a region characterized by makeshift housing and little access to infrastructure
ghetto
a part of a city occupied by a minority group, usually black or latino
brownfield
land previously used for commercial/industrial uses but became contaminated or deteriorated
squatter settlement
housing within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures, part of a slum
latin american city model
large disamenity sector, thick strip of commercial activity close to upper class
sub saharan Africa city model
city model with colonial section, market section, and indigenous section, surrounded by ethnic neighborhoods
North Africa and Middle east city model
countries with oil industries are highly nucleated, countries without oil are rural and spread out
southeast Asia city model
highly coastal cities based on trade
central place
a settlement that provides goods and services for it's residents
hinterland
the trade area served by the central place
central business district
part of the central city where major office and retail business are
silk road
trade route from central Asia to Europe
megalopolis
a massive urban complex created by converging metropolitan areas
level of urbanization
the percentage of people living in an urban place
rate of urban growth
the annual percentage increase in urban populaltion
rust belt
abandoned industrial districts from the 20th century
mercantile era
1500-1800s, cities grew with merchant families who ran the government and built infrastructure and fancy buildings
Boshwash corridor
the megalopolis that is in the east coast of the US
agglomeration
clustering of activities in an area, which shapes the central city and suburban location
zoning
laws that regulate land use and development
hybrid city
city that exhibits a mixture of indigenous, colonial, and globalized influence
eminent domain
the authority of the government to take private property when doing so serves public interest
sub saharan Africa
least urban populated world region of the world
low order good
an inexpensive good that is bought on a daily basis
high order good
a good that is bought only occasionally, usually available in urbanized cities only
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