Title: Characteristics Of Female Offenders
Headings: Characteristics Of Female Offenders
Characteristics Of Female Offenders
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Victimization through Abuse
Lack of Human Capital
Implications of Each Feature on Treatment Approaches and Treatment Outcomes
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Content: Victimization through Abuse
One common feature established among female offenders is victimization. More specifically, Salisbury and Van Voorhis (2009) described three primary pathways to incarceration of women, which included a pathway starting with childhood victimization. In general, high levels of childhood victimizations are found in inmates of either gender. However, childhood victimization and sexual abuse is comparatively higher among female offenders than in male offenders (Fagan & Ax, 2010). Fagan and Ax (2010) identified a study conducted by Browne, Miller, and Maguin (1999) in which they interviewed 150 incarcerated women in a correctional facility in New York. The study found 70 % of the interviewed inmates reported suffering severe violence in their childhood and adolescence. Moreover, approximately 60% of the interviewees reported they were sexually abused before 18 years of age. According to Fagan and Ax (2010), there is a relationship between childhood victimization and adult victimization. In this regard, individuals who suffered childhood victimization were more likely to be victims of domestic violence. In a study by Siegel and Williams (2003), they found an association between childhood sexual abuse and adult offending among female inmates.