Title: Nine Cultural Value Differences You Need to Know | Include-Empower.Com
Headings: Nine Cultural Value Differences You Need to Know
Nine Cultural Value Differences You Need to Know
The value in values
Nine national cultural value differences
The danger in stereotyping
Research
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (Vol. 3). New York: McGraw-Hill.
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Schwartz, S. H. (1999). A theory of cultural values and some implications for work. Applied psychology, 48 (1), 23-47.
Schwartz, S. H. (2004). Mapping and interpreting cultural differences around the world. In H. Vinken, J. Soeters, & P. Ester (Eds.), Comparing cultures: Dimensions of culture in a comparative perspective (pp. 43-73). Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill.
Schwartz, S. H. (2008). Cultural value orientations: Nature and implications of national differences. Jerusalum, Israel: The Hebrew University.

Content: Gender Egalitarianism
Biological constraints in childbearing have long dictated societal norms about the roles of men and women in many societies. But outside childbearing, sex-role distinctions are purely social constructions. Societies differ with respect to the extent to which they define different social and emotional roles for males and females. In Low Gender Egalitarianism cultures, male social and emotional roles are different from females. Men are assertive, tough, competitive, and focused on material success. Women are modest, tender, and concerned with quality of life. Low Gender Egalitarianism societies have few women in positions of authority, a low percentage of women in the labour force, and occupational sex segregation. In these societies, females have lower levels of education and literacy relative to males. In addition, women hold a lower status in society and play a smaller role in community decision-making compared with men. In high Gender Egalitarianism cultures, male social and emotional roles are similar to female roles.