Title: German revolutions of 1848–1849 - Wikipedia
Headings: German revolutions of 1848–1849
German revolutions of 1848–1849
Contents
Events leading up to the revolutions
Austria
Baden
The Palatinate
Prussia
Saxony
The Rhineland or Rhenish Prussia
Bavaria
Greater Poland
National Assembly in Frankfurt
Backlash in Prussia
Failure of the revolution
Peasant success of the revolution
In popular culture
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links

Content: They were a series of loosely coordinated protests and rebellions in the states of the German Confederation, including the Austrian Empire. The revolutions, which stressed pan-Germanism, demonstrated popular discontent with the traditional, largely autocratic political structure of the thirty-nine independent states of the Confederation that inherited the German territory of the former Holy Roman Empire after its dismantlement as a result of the Napoleonic Wars. This process began in the mid 1840s. The middle-class elements were committed to liberal principles, while the working class sought radical improvements to their working and living conditions. As the middle class and working class components of the Revolution split, the conservative aristocracy defeated it. Liberals were forced into exile to escape political persecution, where they became known as Forty-Eighters. Many emigrated to the United States, settling from Wisconsin to Texas. Contents
1 Events leading up to the revolutions
2 Austria
3 Baden
4 The Palatinate
5 Prussia
6 Saxony
7 The Rhineland or Rhenish Prussia
8 Bavaria
9 Greater Poland
10 National Assembly in Frankfurt
11 Backlash in Prussia
12 Failure of the revolution
13 Peasant success of the revolution
14 In popular culture
15 References
15.1 Citations
15.2 Bibliography
16 External links
Events leading up to the revolutions
The groundwork of the 1848 uprising was laid as early as the Hambacher Fest of 1832, when public unrest began to grow in the face of heavy taxation and political censorship. The Hambacher Fest is also noteworthy for the Republicans adopting the black-red-gold colours used on today's national flag of Germany as a symbol of the Republican movement and of the unity among the German-speaking people. Activism for liberal reforms spread through many of the German states, each of which had distinct revolutions.