Title: Nudge theory - Wikipedia
Headings: Nudge theory
Nudge theory
Contents
Definition of a nudge
Overview
Types of nudges
Application of theory
Government
Business
Healthcare
Public Health and Safety
Fundraising
Critique
See also
References
Further reading

Content: It has influenced British and American politicians. Several nudge units exist around the world at the national level (UK, Germany, Japan and others) as well as at the international level (e.g. World Bank, UN, and the European Commission ). It is disputed whether "nudge theory" is a recent novel development in behavioral economics or merely a new term for one of many methods for influencing behavior, investigated in the science of behavior analysis. Contents
1 Definition of a nudge
2 Overview
3 Types of nudges
4 Application of theory
4.1 Government
4.2 Business
4.3 Healthcare
4.4 Public Health and Safety
4.5 Fundraising
5 Critique
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
Definition of a nudge
Example of a nudge: a housefly painted onto the ceramic of a urinal in a men's public toilet
The first formulation of the term and associated principles was developed in cybernetics by James Wilk before 1995 and described by Brunel University academic D. J. Stewart as "the art of the nudge" (sometimes referred to as micronudges). It also drew on methodological influences from clinical psychotherapy tracing back to Gregory Bateson, including contributions from Milton Erickson, Watzlawick, Weakland and Fisch, and Bill O'Hanlon. In this variant, the nudge is a microtargeted design geared towards a specific group of people, irrespective of the scale of intended intervention. In 2008, Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein 's book Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness brought nudge theory to prominence. It also gained a following among US and UK politicians, in the private sector and in public health.