Title: 
Headings: 

Content: In
 
the
 
first
 
half
 
of
 
the
 
nineteenth
 
century,
 
economic
 
changes
 
called
 
by
 
historians
 
“the
 
market
 
revolution”
 
transformed
 
the
 
United
 
States. Innovations
 
in
 
transportation
 
and
 
communication
 
sparked
 
these
 
changes. In
 
the
 
colonial
 
era,
 
technology
 
had
 
barely
 
advanced—ships
 
did
 
not
 
become
 
faster,
 
no
 
canals
 
were
 
built,
 
and
 
manufacturing
 
was
 
done
 
by
 
hand. Roads
 
were
 
scarce
 
and
 
slow. In
 
1800,
 
most
 
farm
 
families
 
were
 
not
 
tied
 
to
 
the
 
marketplace,
 
use
 
little
 
cash,
 
and
 
produced
 
much
 
of
 
what
 
they
 
needed
 
at
 
home. It
 
was
 
nearly
 
impossible
 
for
 
farmers
 
far
 
from
 
cities
 
or
 
waterways
 
to
 
get
 
their
 
produce
 
to
 
market. The
 
catalyst
 
for
 
the
 
market
 
revolution
 
was
 
a
 
series
 
of
 
innovations
 
in
transportation
 
and
 
communication. The
 
first
 
advance
 
in
 
overland
 
transportation
 
was
 
the
 
construction
 
of
 
toll
 
roads,
 
called
 
turnpikes,
 
by
 
private
 
companies
 
and
 
state
 
and
 
local
 
governments. But
 
improved
 
water
 
transportation
 
more
 
effectively
 
sped
 
up
 
and
 
lowered
 
the
 
costs
 
of
 
commerce. In
 
other
 
words,
 
the
 
development
 
of
 
canals
 
AND
 
steamboats,
 
in
 
the
 
first
 
half
 
of
 
the
 
nineteenth
 
century,
 
most
 
dramatically
 
increased
 
the
 
speed
 
and
 
lowered
 
the
 
expense
 
of
 
commerce.