Title: Revolution of 1848  - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help
Headings: Revolution of 1848
Revolution of 1848
Introduction
Causes of the Revolution of 1848
Economic Roots of Revolution
Revolutionary Nationalism and Romanticism
The Outbreak of the Revolution of 1848
Revolt in France
Revolt in Germany
The Hapsburg Empire
Italian States in Revolt
Collapse of the Revolution
Counterrevolution in France
The June Days
Counterrevolution Triumphant
Counterrevolution in the Germanic States
The Hapsburg Empire Regroups
Italian States Defeated
Defeat of Hungary
Effects of the Revolution of 1848

Content: At its height, the revolutionary furor engulfed the disunited Germanic states of Northern Europe and Italian states on the southern part of the continent. The multinational and multiethnic mass of Central and Eastern Europe under the rule of the Hapsburg Empire also burst forth in revolt. In total, all or part of many modern-day nations—including France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Romania—were directly affected by revolution. Of the major European powers at the time, only such industrialized and liberal nations as England and the Netherlands, the autocratic regime of the Russian Empire, and the then introverted Iberian Peninsula and Ottoman Empire remained impervious to the revolutionary outbreak that gripped the continent. Causes of the Revolution of 1848
The causes of the Revolution of 1848 varied greatly from country to country. In Western Europe, where there existed a degree of popular representation in government, the revolution was fueled primarily by a demand for expanded representation as well as by economic concerns. In the central and eastern part of the continent, generally governed by more autocratic regimes, revolutionaries emphasized an expansion of individual rights and the introduction of suffrage for at least a part of the population. Romantic nationalism also emerged as a driving force in the revolutionary outbreaks in the Germanic and Italian states. Nationalism of a different sort—fueled by rebellions of subjected ethnic minorities—also underscored the revolutionary outbreaks in the lands of the Hapsburg Empire. Economic Roots of Revolution
The most universal of the factors leading to the revolutionary outbreak was an economic recession brought on by poor harvests and crop failures beginning in 1845.