Title: Esophageal dysmotility, esophageal motility disorder, causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment
Headings: Esophageal dysmotility
Esophageal dysmotility
Esophageal motility disorder
Esophagus anatomy
Figure 1. Esophagus
Figure 2. Esophagus anatomy
Figure 3. Cross section view of the esophagus
Esophagus physiology
Figure 4. How the esophagus works
Upper esophageal sphincter
Peristalsis
Lower esophageal sphincter
Esophageal motility disorder causes
Primary esophageal causes of esophageal dysmotility include:
Systemic disorders causing esophageal dysmotility include:
Esophageal motility disorder symptoms
Achalasia
Spastic esophageal motility disorders
Scleroderma esophagus
Esophageal motility disorder diagnosis
Esophageal motility disorder treatment
Esophageal strictures treatment
Achalasia treatment
Medications
Botulinum toxin injection
Mechanical dilation
Surgery
Common pitfalls and side-effects of management
Esophageal motility disorder prognosis
Achalasia
Scleroderma esophagus
Spastic esophageal motility disorders
Mortality and morbidity
Complications
Achalasia and squamous cell carcinoma
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Content: Figure 1. Esophagus
Figure 2. Esophagus anatomy
Figure 3. Cross section view of the esophagus
Esophagus physiology
The esophagus is a conduit for the passage of a food bolus from the pharynx to the stomach. Typically, the esophagus starts at the cricopharyngeus muscle, forming part of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), and ends at the lower esophageal sphincter, surrounded by the crural part of the diaphragm at the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10) 2). Following the relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter and the passage of the food bolus into the esophagus, peristaltic muscular contractions propel the bolus toward the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter in conjunction with the peristaltic propulsion of the bolus allows the entry of the bolus into the stomach. Problems in the normal physiology of the esophagus and its associated sphincters begin to arise when patients report having difficulty swallowing or dysphagia. Generally, dysphagia can be broken into two groups, obstructive lesions or motor disorders. Obstructive lesions involve a narrowing of the esophagus or an outgrowth resulting in decreased luminal diameter.