Title: Sea level rise - Wikipedia
Headings: Sea level rise
Sea level rise
Contents
Past changes
Measurement
Satellites
Tide gauges
Contributions
Ocean heating
Main article: Ocean heat content
Antarctica
East Antarctica
West Antarctica
Greenland
Glaciers
Main article: Retreat of glaciers since 1850
Sea ice
Land water storage
Projections
Projections for the 21st century
Long-term sea level rise
Further information: Long-term effects of global warming
By region
Effects
Further information: Regional effects of global warming
Coastal areas
Present effects
Future effects
Island nations
Ecosystems
Adaptation
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links

Content: A conservative estimate of the long-term projections is that each Celsius degree of temperature rise triggers a sea level rise of approximately 2.3 meters (4.2 ft/degree Fahrenheit) over a period of two millennia (2,000 years): an example of climate inertia. In February 2021, a paper published in Ocean Science suggested that past projections for global sea level rise by 2100 reported by the IPCC were likely conservative, and that sea levels will rise more than previously expected. The sea level will not rise uniformly everywhere on Earth, and it will even drop slightly in some locations, such as the Arctic. Local factors include tectonic effects and subsidence of the land, tides, currents and storms. Sea level rises can affect human populations considerably in coastal and island regions. Widespread coastal flooding is expected with several degrees of warming sustained for millennia. Further effects are higher storm-surges and more dangerous tsunamis, displacement of populations, loss and degradation of agricultural land and damage in cities. Natural environments like marine ecosystems are also affected, with fish, birds and plants losing parts of their habitat. Societies can adapt to sea level rise in three different ways: