Title: The Experience of Loss, Death, and Grief | Nurse Key
Headings: The Experience of Loss, Death, and Grief
The Experience of Loss, Death, and Grief
The Experience of Loss, Death, and Grief
Objectives
Key Terms
Scientific Knowledge Base
Loss
Types of Loss
Grief
Normal Grief
Anticipatory Grief
Disenfranchised Grief
Ambiguous Loss
Complicated Grief
Exaggerated Grief
Delayed Grief
Masked Grief
Theories of Grief and Mourning
Stages of Dying
Attachment Theory
Grief Tasks Model
Rando’s “R” Process Model
Dual Process Model
Post Modern Grief Theories
Nursing Knowledge Base
Factors Influencing Loss and Grief
Human Development
Focus on Older Adults
Grief Considerations in Older Adults
Personal Relationships
Nature of the Loss
Coping Strategies
Socioeconomic Status
Culture and Ethnicity
Spiritual and Religious Beliefs
Critical Thinking
A Dying Person’s Bill of Rights
Nursing Process
Assessment
Through the Patient’s Eyes
Grief Variables
Nursing Assessment Questions
Nature of Relationships
Social Support Systems
Nature of the Loss
Cultural and Spiritual Beliefs
Life Goals
Family Grief Patterns
Self-Care
Hope
Grief Reactions
Symptoms of Normal Grief
Feelings
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Content: From birth to death people form attachments and suffer losses. Illness also changes or threatens a person’s identity, and at some point everyone dies. People experience loss when another person, possession, body part, familiar environment, or sense of self changes or is no longer present ( Table 36-1 ). The values learned in one’s family, religious community, society, and culture shape what a person regards as loss and how to grieve ( Walter and McCoyd, 2009 ). TABLE 36-1
Types of Loss
DEFINITION
IMPLICATIONS OF LOSS
Loss of possessions or objects (e.g., theft, deterioration, misplacement, or destruction)
Extent of grieving depends on value of object, sentiment attached to it, or its usefulness. Loss of known environment (e.g., leaving home, hospitalization, new job, moving out of a rehabilitation unit)
Loss occurs through maturational or situational events or by injury/illness. Loneliness in an unfamiliar setting threatens self-esteem, hopefulness, or belonging. Loss of a significant other (e.g., divorce, loss of friend, trusted caregiver, or pet)
Close friends, family members, and pets fulfill psychological, safety, love, belonging, and self-esteem needs. Loss of an aspect of self (e.g., body part, job, psychological or physiological function)
Illness, injury, or developmental changes result in loss of a valued aspect of self, altering personal identity and self-concept. Loss of life (e.g., death of family member, friend, co-worker, or one’s own death)
Loss of life grieves those left behind.