Title: Cristero War - Wikipedia
Headings: Cristero War
Cristero War
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
Conflict between church and state
Crisis
1917 Mexican Constitution
Background
Rebellion
Peaceful resistance
Escalation of violence
Diplomacy
US involvement
Knights of Columbus
Ku Klux Klan
Aftermath
Cárdenas era
Cristeros' crimes against school teachers
Today
Cristero War saints
"Battle Hymn of the Cristeros"
Spanish
English translation
Other views
In popular culture
See also
References
Sources
Historiography
In fiction
In Spanish
External links

Content: Cristero War - Wikipedia
Cristero War
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
1926–29 Mexican rebellion
Cristero War
Map of Mexico showing regions in which Cristero outbreaks occurred
Large-scale outbreaks
Moderate outbreaks
Sporadic outbreaks
Date
1926–1929
Location
Mexico
Result
Ceasefire
Mexican government signs peace agreement with Cristeros
Recognition of certain Cristero demands
Catholic Church reopens in Mexico
Belligerents
Mexican Government
Mexican Army
Support: United States
Ku Klux Klan
Mexican Protestants
Cristeros
Support: United States
Knights of Columbus
Commanders and leaders
Plutarco Elías Calles
Emilio Portes Gil
Joaquín Amaro Domínguez
Saturnino Cedillo
Heliodoro Charis
Marcelino García Barragán
Jaime Carrillo
Genovevo Rivas Guillén
Álvaro Obregón †
Enrique Gorostieta Velarde †
José Reyes Vega †
Alberto B. Gutiérrez
Aristeo Pedroza
Andrés Salazar
Carlos Carranza Bouquet †
Dionisio Eduardo Ochoa †
Barraza Damaso
Domingo Anaya †
Jesús Degollado Guízar
Luis Navarro Origel †
Lauro Rocha
Lucas Cuevas †
Matías Villa Michel
Miguel Márquez Anguiano
Manuel Michel
Victoriano Ramírez †
Victorino Bárcenas †
Strength
~100,000 men (1929)
~50,000 men and women (1929)
Casualties and losses
56,882 dead
30,000-50,000 dead
Estimated 250,000 dead
250,000 fled to the United States (mostly non-combatants)
v
t
e
Cristero War
Guadalajara Uprising
Chalchihuites Massacre
Pénjamo Uprising
Battle of San Francisco del Rincón
Battle of San Julián
Battle of Guadalajara
Battle of Tepatitlán
Government forces publicly hanged Cristeros on main thoroughfares throughout Mexico, including in the Pacific states of Colima and Jalisco, where bodies often remained hanging for extended lengths of time. The Cristero War, also known as the Cristero Rebellion or La Cristiada [la kɾisˈtjaða], was a widespread struggle in central and western Mexico in response to the imposition of secularist and anticlerical articles of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico, which were perceived by opponents as anti-Catholic measures aimed at imposing state atheism. The rebellion was instigated as a response to an executive decree by Mexican President Plutarco Elías Calles to enforce Articles 3, 5, 24, 27, and 130 of the Constitution, a move known as the Calles Law. Calles sought to eliminate the power of the Catholic Church and all organizations which were affiliated with it and to suppress popular religious celebrations in local communities. The massive popular rural uprising in north-central Mexico was tacitly supported by the Church hierarchy, and it was also aided by urban Catholic supporters. US Ambassador Dwight W. Morrow brokered negotiations between the Calles government and the Church. The government made some concessions, the Church withdrew its support for the Cristero fighters, and the conflict ended in 1929. The rebellion has been variously interpreted as a major event in the struggle between church and state that dates back to the 19th century with the War of Reform, as the last major peasant uprising in Mexico after the end of the military phase of the Mexican Revolution in 1920, and as a counter-revolutionary uprising by prosperous peasants and urban elites against the revolution's agrarian and rural reforms.