Title: Sea level rise - Wikipedia
Headings: Sea level rise
Sea level rise
Contents
Past changes
Measurement
Satellites
Tide gauges
Contributions
Ocean heating
Main article: Ocean heat content
Antarctica
East Antarctica
West Antarctica
Greenland
Glaciers
Main article: Retreat of glaciers since 1850
Sea ice
Land water storage
Projections
Projections for the 21st century
Long-term sea level rise
Further information: Long-term effects of global warming
By region
Effects
Further information: Regional effects of global warming
Coastal areas
Present effects
Future effects
Island nations
Ecosystems
Adaptation
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links

Content: Sea level rises can affect human populations considerably in coastal and island regions. Widespread coastal flooding is expected with several degrees of warming sustained for millennia. Further effects are higher storm-surges and more dangerous tsunamis, displacement of populations, loss and degradation of agricultural land and damage in cities. Natural environments like marine ecosystems are also affected, with fish, birds and plants losing parts of their habitat. Societies can adapt to sea level rise in three different ways: implement managed retreat, accommodate coastal change, or protect against sea level rise through hard-construction practices like seawalls or soft approaches such as dune rehabilitation and beach nourishment. Sometimes these adaptation strategies go hand in hand, but at other times choices have to be made among different strategies. For some human environments, such as so called sinking cities, adaptation to sea level rise may be compounded by other environmental issues such as subsidence. Natural ecosystems typically adapt to rising sea levels by moving inland; however, they might not always be able to do so, due to natural or artificial barriers.