Title: Indian Civil Rights Act Resources on the Tribal Court Clearinghouse
Headings: 
Indian Civil Rights Act
What is the Indian Civil Rights Act?
Enforcement of ICRA
Books & Articles
Reports
Blogs & Other Resources

Content: Indian Civil Rights Act as Amended by the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013
Enforcement of ICRA
For ten years after its passage in 1968, the general perception was that the Indian Civil Right Act (ICRA) gave the federal courts broad powers to hear and decide claims of civil rights violations by tribal governments. This changed dramatically, however, in 1978 with the U. S. Supreme Court decision in Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez, 439 U.S. 49 (1978). During the ten-year period from ICRA’s passage to the Martinez decision, federal courts heard Approximately Eighty Cases involving the application of the ICRA. These cases covered many subjects: tribal election disputes; reapportionment of voting districts on Indian reservations ("one man, one vote"), tribal government employee rights; land use regulations and condemnation procedures; criminal and civil proceedings in tribal courts; tribal membership and voting; tribal police activities, conduct of tribal council members and council meetings, and standards for enforcing due process of law and equal protection of the laws in tribal settings.