Title: Tribal sovereignty in the United States - Wikipedia
Headings: Tribal sovereignty in the United States
Tribal sovereignty in the United States
Contents
Native American sovereignty and the Constitution
Early history
The Marshall Trilogy, 1823–1832
Indian Appropriations Act of 1871
United States v. Kagama (1886)
Empowerment of tribal courts, 1883
The General Allotment Act (Dawes Act), 1887
Twentieth-century developments
Revenue and Indian Citizenship acts, 1924
Iron Crow v. Oglala Sioux Tribe (1956)
Indian Reorganization Act, 1934
Public Law 280, 1953
Tribal governments today
Tribal courts
Nation to nation: tribes and the federal government
Tribal state relations: sovereign within a sovereign
List of cases
See also
Notes
References
External links

Content: Plenary power doctrine: Congress, and not the Executive Branch or Judicial Branch, has ultimate authority with regard to matters affecting the Indian tribes. Federal courts give greater deference to Congress on Indian matters than on other subjects. Trust relationship: The federal government has a "duty to protect" the tribes, implying (courts have found) the necessary legislative and executive authorities to effect that duty. Early history
The Marshall Trilogy, 1823–1832
Hassanamisco Nipmuc Indian Reservation Sign
The Marshall Trilogy is a set of three Supreme Court decisions in the early nineteenth century affirming the legal and political standing of Indian nations. Johnson v. M'Intosh (1823), holding that private citizens could not purchase lands from Native Americans. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831), holding the Cherokee nation dependent, with a relationship to the United States like that of a "ward to its guardian". Worcester v. Georgia (1832), which laid out the relationship between tribes and the state and federal governments, stating that the federal government was the sole authority to deal with Indian nations. Indian Appropriations Act of 1871
Originally, the United States had recognized the Indian Tribes as independent nations, but after the Civil War, the U.S. suddenly changed its approach.