Title: Grief - Wikipedia
Headings: Grief
Grief
Contents
Grieving process
Reactions
Bereavement science
Bonanno's four trajectories of grief
Five stages theory
Physiological and neurological processes
Evolutionary theories
Risks
Health risks
Complicated grief
Disenfranchised Grief
Examples of bereavement
Death of a child
Suicide
Death of a spouse
Death of a sibling
Death of a parent
For an adult
For a child
Loss during childhood
Loss of a friend or classmate
Other losses
Gradual bereavement
Sensory experiences of the deceased
Support
Professional support
Support groups
Cultural differences in grieving
In those with cognitive impairment
In animals
Mammals
Birds
Monogamous animals
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Content: While the terms are often used interchangeably, bereavement refers to the state of loss, while grief is the reaction to that loss. The grief associated with death is familiar to most people, but individuals grieve in connection with a variety of losses throughout their lives, such as unemployment, ill health or the end of a relationship. Loss can be categorized as either physical or abstract; physical loss is related to something that the individual can touch or measure—such as losing a spouse through death—while other types of loss are more abstract, possibly relating to aspects of a person's social interactions. Contents
1 Grieving process
2 Reactions
3 Bereavement science
3.1 Bonanno's four trajectories of grief
3.2 Five stages theory
4 Physiological and neurological processes
5 Evolutionary theories
6 Risks
6.1 Health risks
6.2 Complicated grief
6.3 Disenfranchised Grief
7 Examples of bereavement
7.1 Death of a child
7.1.1 Suicide
7.2 Death of a spouse
7.3 Death of a sibling
7.4 Death of a parent
7.4.1 For an adult
7.4.2 For a child
7.5 Loss during childhood
7.5.1 Loss of a friend or classmate
7.6 Other losses
7.7 Gradual bereavement
7.8 Sensory experiences of the deceased
8 Support
8.1 Professional support
8.2 Support groups
9 Cultural differences in grieving
10 In those with cognitive impairment
11 In animals
11.1 Mammals
11.2 Birds
11.3 Monogamous animals
12 See also
13 References
14 Further reading
15 External links
Grieving process
Between 1996 and 2006, there was extensive skepticism about a universal and predictable "emotional pathway" that leads from distress to "recovery" with an appreciation that grief is a more complex process of adapting to loss than stage and phase models have previously suggested. The Two-Track Model of Bereavement, created by Simon Shimshon Rubin in 1981, is a grief theory that provided deeper focus on the grieving process. The model examines the long-term effects of bereavement by measuring how well the person is adapting to the loss of a significant person in their life. The main objective of the Two-Track Model of Bereavement is for the individual to "manage and live in reality in which the deceased is absent" as well as returning to normal biological functioning. ( Malkinson, 2006)
Track One is focused on the biopsychosocial functioning of grief. This focuses on the anxiety, depression, somatic concerns, traumatic responses, familial relationships, interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, meaning structure, work, and investment in life tasks.