Title: Characteristics Of Female Offenders
Headings: Characteristics Of Female Offenders
Characteristics Of Female Offenders
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Victimization through Abuse
Lack of Human Capital
Implications of Each Feature on Treatment Approaches and Treatment Outcomes
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Content: According to Bloom, Owen, and Covington (2003), self-efficacy is a core element associated with preventing women from engaging in criminal behaviors. This means the absence of self-efficacy and human capital are prominent factors that lead women to engage in crime. Lack of human capital has an inverse effect on individuals’ psychological well-being, which has the ability to negatively impact the life path of an individual. In the case of female offenders, lack of human capital can result in criminal behaviors, arrest, and incarceration (Salisbury & Van Voorhis, 2009). The pathway to incarceration via human capital results from various challenges faced by female offenders within their life. These challenges could involve education, inadequate family support, lack of self-efficacy, and dysfunctional relationships. In turn, those challenges can impact the individual’s ability to obtain employment and financial stability, which can also result in imprisonment (Salisbury & Van Voorhis, 2009). Female offenders are considered to be deficient in human capital because they primarily come from poverty-stricken and disadvantaged backgrounds, which are compounded by minimal social networks (Salisbury & Van Voorhis, 2009). In a study by Holtfreter et al. ( 2004), provision of services such as education, vocational training, healthcare, and housing provide women offenders with the necessary support to reduce recidivism.