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Content: chlorophyll
the green, membrane-bound pigment involved in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis. NAD/NADP
hydrogen carriers used in metabolic reactions where reducing power is needed
photolysis
a chemical reaction in which energy from photons is used to break down a chemical compound
ribulose
a 5 carbon molecule which acts as the primary CO2 acceptor
photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 12H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
chlorophyll A
absorbs mainly in the RED and violet regions of the spectrum and reflects mainly green
the process of the light dependent stage
chlorophyll absorbs light energising elections to split H2O into H+ ions, electrons and gas. electrons pass along ETs giving off energy at each step. this energy is used to pump H+ into thylakoid space. this creates a gradient that is used to provide energy to produce ATP. spent electrons and H= carried over to LI pahse by NADP(NADPH+)
the process of the light independent stage
H+ from water in LD phase combine with C + O from CO2 to produce glucose in the calvin cycle (ATP is used). glucose is converted by plant to sucrose or starch. inputs and outputs of LD stage
- input= H2O, NADP and ADP+Pi
- output= O2, NADPH and ATP
inputs and outputs of LI stage
inputs= CO2, NADPH and ATP
outputs= C6H12O6 and H2O
limiting factors
-availability of the reactants 
-availability of enzymes that catalyse the reactions
-availability of light 
-temperature
carbon dioxide uptake and output by a plant in varying light intensities
-at low light, plant carries out PS but at a rate lower than the rate of cellular respiration so net production of CO2. - at higher light, rate of PS is higher than rate of cellular respiration and plant takes in CO2
what features of a leaf structure equip the leaf to carry out photosynthesis? - Their flat shape provides larger surface area exposed to sunlight
- the presence of many stromata provides access into the leaf for carbon dioxide
explain the effect of 
-CO2
-light intensity 
-temperature
CO2- photosynthetic rate increases as the CO2 concentration increases, until it levels off
light intensity- photosynthetic rate rapidly increases as the light intensity increases and then levels off
temperature- increased temp increases the photosynthetic rate, but this effect is not marked at low CO2 levels
why does reaction rate level off?