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Content: American losses were greater than in World War II. "Rifled" guns contributed to the killing. Most of the deaths occurred in battle. More than 600,000 died. Most of the deaths occurred in battle. How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the Civil War? It freed all the slaves, including those in the border states that remained loyal to the Union. It transformed the Civil War from a war to restore the Union to a struggle over slavery. It put the momentum squarely on the side of the Confederacy. It caused the remaining border states to leave the Union and join the Confederacy.