Title: War on drugs - Wikipedia
Headings: War on drugs
War on drugs
Contents
History
19th century
20th century
21st century
Domestic policy
Arrests and incarceration
Sentencing disparities
Commonly used illegal drugs
Foreign interventions
War in Vietnam
Operation Intercept
Operation Just Cause
Plan Colombia
Mérida Initiative
Aerial herbicide application
Operations in Honduras
Public support and opposition
United States
Mexico
Latin America
Canada
Socioeconomic effects
Permanent underclass creation
Costs to taxpayers
Impact on growers
Allegations of official involvement in drug trafficking
CIA and Contra cocaine trafficking
Heroin trafficking operations involving the CIA, U.S. Navy and Sicilian Mafia
Efficacy
Legality
Alternatives
See also
Covert activities and foreign policy
References
Further reading
Government and NGO reports
External links
Video

Content: In June 2011, the Global Commission on Drug Policy released a critical report on the War on Drugs, declaring: " The global war on drugs has failed, with devastating consequences for individuals and societies around the world. Fifty years after the initiation of the UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, and years after President Nixon launched the US government's war on drugs, fundamental reforms in national and global drug control policies are urgently needed." The report was criticized by organizations that oppose a general legalization of drugs. Contents
1 History
1.1 19th century
1.2 20th century
1.3 21st century
2 Domestic policy
2.1 Arrests and incarceration
2.1.1 Sentencing disparities
2.2 Commonly used illegal drugs
3 Foreign interventions
3.1 War in Vietnam
3.2 Operation Intercept
3.3 Operation Just Cause
3.4 Plan Colombia
3.5 Mérida Initiative
3.6 Aerial herbicide application
3.7 Operations in Honduras
4 Public support and opposition
4.1 United States
4.2 Mexico
4.3 Latin America
4.4 Canada
5 Socioeconomic effects
5.1 Permanent underclass creation
5.2 Costs to taxpayers
5.3 Impact on growers
6 Allegations of official involvement in drug trafficking
6.1 CIA and Contra cocaine trafficking
6.2 Heroin trafficking operations involving the CIA, U.S. Navy and Sicilian Mafia
7 Efficacy
8 Legality
9 Alternatives
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
12.1 Government and NGO reports
13 External links
13.1 Video
History
Main article: History of United States drug prohibition
See also: Legal history of cannabis in the United States
19th century
Morphine was first isolated from opium between 1803 and 1805, and hypodermic syringes were first constructed in 1851. This was particularly significant during the American Civil War, when wounded soldiers were treated with morphine. This led to widespread morphine addiction among veterans of the war. Until 1912, products such as heroin were sold over-the-counter in a form of cough syrup.