Title: Invention of the telephone - Wikipedia
Headings: Invention of the telephone
Invention of the telephone
Contents
Early development
Charles Grafton Page
Innocenzo Manzetti
Johann Philipp Reis
Antonio Meucci
Chronology of Meucci's invention
Cyrille Duquet
Electro-magnetic transmitters and receivers
Elisha Gray
Alexander Graham Bell
Bell's success
Public demonstrations
Early public demonstrations of Bell's telephone
Three great tests of the telephone
Later public demonstrations
Summary of Bell's achievements
Variable resistance transmitters
Water microphone – Elisha Gray
Carbon microphone – Thomas Edison, Edward Hughes, Emile Berliner
Improvements to the early telephone
Telephone exchanges
Controversies
Memorial to the invention
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Patents

Content: Allegedly, the transmitter was difficult to operate, since the relative position of the needle and the contact were critical to the device's operation. Thus, it can be called a "telephone", since it did transmit voice sounds electrically over distance, but was hardly a commercially practical telephone in the modern sense. Thomas Edison tested the Reis equipment and found that "single words, uttered as in reading, speaking and the like, were perceptible indistinctly, notwithstanding here also the inflections of the voice, the modulations of interrogation, wonder, command, etc., attained distinct expression." In 1874, the Reis device was tested by the British company Standard Telephones and Cables (STC). The results also confirmed it could transmit and receive speech with good quality (fidelity), but relatively low intensity. Antonio Meucci
An early voice communicating device was invented around 1854 by Antonio Meucci, who called it a teletrofono. In 1871 Meucci filed a caveat at the US Patent Office. His caveat describes his invention, but does not mention a diaphragm, electromagnet, conversion of sound into electrical waves, conversion of electrical waves into sound, or other essential features of an electromagnetic telephone. Antonio Meucci, c. 1880
The first American demonstration of Meucci's invention took place in Staten Island, New York in 1854.