Title: Media and gender - Wikipedia
Headings: Media and gender
Media and gender
Contents
History
Gender disparity in media careers
Representations of women
Under-representation and misrepresentation
Sexualization
Domestication
Abuse
Female characters as plot devices for male characters
Referred Pain
Disposable Woman
The Manic Pixie Dream Girl
Representations of men
Representations of transgender and non-binary characters
Gender Expectations in Pop Culture
Media
Music Industry
Video Games
Female Expectations
Male Expectations
Effects on youth
Stereotypes
Advertising/Television
Female Roles
Film Genres
Body image
Social Media
Responses and movements for change
Feminist response
International Organization and NGO response
UN Women
UNESCO
Geena Davis Institute
See also
References
Further reading

Content: Media and gender - Wikipedia
Media and gender
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The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. ( April 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Media and gender refers to the relationship between mass media and gender, and how gender is represented within media platforms. These platforms include but are not limited to film, radio, television, advertisement, social media, and video games. Initiatives and resources exist to promote gender equality and reinforce women's empowerment in the media industry and representations. For example, UNESCO, in cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists, elaborated the Gender-sensitive Indicators for Media contributing to gender equality and women's empowerment in all forms of media. Contents
1 History
2 Gender disparity in media careers
3 Representations of women
3.1 Under-representation and misrepresentation
3.2 Sexualization
3.3 Domestication
3.4 Abuse
3.5 Female characters as plot devices for male characters
3.5.1 Referred Pain
3.5.2 Disposable Woman
3.5.3 The Manic Pixie Dream Girl
4 Representations of men
5 Representations of transgender and non-binary characters
6 Gender Expectations in Pop Culture
6.1 Media
6.2 Music Industry
6.3 Video Games
6.3.1 Female Expectations
6.3.2 Male Expectations
7 Effects on youth
7.1 Stereotypes
7.1.1 Advertising/Television
7.1.1.1 Female Roles
7.1.1.2 Film Genres
7.2 Body image
7.2.1 Social Media
8 Responses and movements for change
8.1 Feminist response
8.2 International Organization and NGO response
8.2.1 UN Women
8.2.2 UNESCO
8.2.3 Geena Davis Institute
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
History
Feminist writers, largely gaining prominence in the 1967s during second wave feminism, began criticizing the Western canon for providing and promoting an exclusively white male world view. These feminists typically perceive gender as a social construct which is not only reflected in artistic work but perpetuated by it. Until fairly recently, feminists have mainly directed their studies to gender representations in literature. Recently, a new wave of academic studies focused on gender representations in modern society and culture (such as in the film, advertisement and cultural industries).