Title: Revolutions of 1848 - Wikipedia
Headings: Revolutions of 1848
Revolutions of 1848
Revolutions of 1848
Contents
Origins
Urban workers
Rural areas
Role of ideas
Sequence of main trends
Spring 1848: Astonishing success
Summer 1848: Divisions among reformers
Autumn 1848: Reactionaries organize for a counter-revolution
1849–1851: Overthrow of revolutionary regimes
Events by country or region
Italian states
France
German states
Denmark
Schleswig
Habsburg Monarchy
Hungary
Galicia
Sweden
Switzerland
Greater Poland
Romanian Principalities
Belgium
Ireland
Spain
Other European states
Other English-speaking countries
Latin America
Legacy
In popular culture
See also
References
Bibliography
Surveys
France
Germany and Austria
Italy
Other
Historiography
External links

Content: Both liberal reformers and radical politicians were reshaping national governments. Technological change was revolutionizing the life of the working classes. A popular press extended political awareness, and new values and ideas such as popular liberalism, nationalism and socialism began to emerge. Some historians emphasize the serious crop failures, particularly those of 1846, that produced hardship among peasants and the working urban poor. Large swaths of the nobility were discontented with royal absolutism or near-absolutism. In 1846, there had been an uprising of Polish nobility in Austrian Galicia, which was only countered when peasants, in turn, rose up against the nobles. Additionally, an uprising by democratic forces against Prussia, planned but not actually carried out, occurred in Greater Poland. The middle and working classes thus shared a desire for reform, and agreed on many of the specific aims. Their participation in the revolutions, however, differed. While much of the impetus came from the middle classes, much of the cannon fodder came from the lower classes.