Title: Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom - Wikipedia
Headings: Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
Sugar reciprocity
Rebellion of 1887 and the Bayonet Constitution
Wilcox Rebellion of 1888
Liliʻuokalani attempts to re-write Constitution
Overthrow
United States involvement
Aftermath
Response
United States
International
Hawaiian counter-revolution
Republic, United States annexation, United States Territory
See also
References
External links

Content: The first permanent plantation in the islands was on Kauai in 1835. William Hooper leased 980 acres (4 km²) of land from Kamehameha III and began growing sugar cane. Within thirty years there would be plantations on four of the main islands. Sugar had completely altered Hawaii's economy. The influence of the United States in Hawaiian government began with American-born plantation owners advocating for fair representation in the Kingdom's politics, owing to the significant tax contributions made from the plantations to both the Royal family and national economy. This was driven by missionary religion and the economics of the sugar industry. Pressure from these foreign-born politicians was being felt by the King and chiefs with demands of land tenure. The 1839 Hawaiian Bill of Rights, also known as the 1839 Constitution of Hawaii, was an attempt by Kamehameha III and his chiefs to guarantee that the Hawaiian people would not lose their tenured land, and provided the groundwork for a free enterprise system. After a five-month occupation by George Paulet in 1843, Kamehameha III relented to the foreign advisors to private land demands with the Great Māhele, distributing the lands as pushed on heavily by the missionaries, including Gerrit P. Judd. During the 1850s, the U.S. import tariff on sugar from Hawaii was much higher than the import tariffs Hawaiians were charging the U.S., and Kamehameha III sought reciprocity.