Title: Exxon Valdez oil spill - Wikipedia
Headings: Exxon Valdez
oil spill

Exxon Valdez oil spill
Contents
Spill
Clean-up and major effects
Litigation and cleanup costs
Political consequences and reforms
Coast Guard report
Oil Pollution Act of 1990
Alaska regulations
Economic and personal impact
Reactions
In popular culture
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Content: The oil, originally extracted at the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field, eventually affected 1,300 miles (2,100 km) of coastline, of which 200 miles (320 km) were heavily or moderately oiled. Contents
1 Spill
2 Clean-up and major effects
3 Litigation and cleanup costs
4 Political consequences and reforms
4.1 Coast Guard report
4.2 Oil Pollution Act of 1990
4.3 Alaska regulations
5 Economic and personal impact
6 Reactions
6.1 In popular culture
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Spill
The ship was carrying 53.1 million US gallons (1,260,000 bbl; 201,000 m 3) of oil, of which approximately 10.8 million US gallons (260,000 bbl; 41,000 m 3) were spilled into the Prince William Sound. During the first few days of the spill, heavy sheens of oil covered large areas of the surface of Prince William Sound. Multiple factors have been identified as contributing to the incident: Beginning three days after the vessel grounded, a storm pushed large quantities of fresh oil onto the rocky shores of many of the beaches in the Knight Island chain. In this photograph, pooled black oil is shown stranded in the rocks
Exxon Shipping Company failed to supervise the master (ship's captain) and provide a rested and sufficient crew for Exxon Valdez. The NTSB found this practice was widespread throughout the industry, prompting a safety recommendation to Exxon and to the industry. The third mate failed to properly maneuver the vessel, possibly due to fatigue or excessive workload.