Title: New Deal - encyclopedia article - Citizendium
Headings: New Deal
New Deal
Contents
Background
Overview: the three Rs
The New Deal programs
The Financial Sector
"Bank Holiday" and the Emergency Banking Relief Act
Economy Act
Banking Act
Federal Securities Act
Relief programs
Recovery programmes
The Farm Programs
Infrastructure Projects
Industrial Policies
The effects of the New Deal programs
Social implications
Political implications
The New Deal's constitutionality
Economic implications
Recovery
References

Content: In spite of the success of the program for addressing farm profitability, a Gallup Poll printed in the Washington Post revealed that a majority of the American public opposed the AAA. Several other agencies were also introduced to help farmers and rural America, including the Resettlement Administration, the Farm Security Administration, the Rural Electrification Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. The government also sponsored rural welfare projects such as the provision of school lunches, the building of new schools, the opening of roads in remote areas, and the transfer of marginal lands to national forests. Infrastructure Projects
A number of infrastructure projects were created by the Public Works Administration (PWA), that had been established by the National Industrial Recovery Act, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. By June 1934 the Public Works Administration had created over 13,000 federal projects and over2,000 non-federal projects, including rural electrification, canals, tunnels, bridges, highways, streets, sewage systems, and housing areas, as well as hospitals, schools, and universities. . Industrial Policies
The cornerstone of New Deal industrial policy was the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). This law followed the same logic that underpinned the farm programs: excessive competition and overproduction was driving prices down and making producers unprofitable. Business unprofitably lowered wages and employment, which, in turn, reduced demand. To reverse this situation, the NIRA encouraged collusive agreements to refrain from price competition and to strengthen the bargaining power of labor unions.