Title: Cultural psychology - Wikipedia
Headings: Cultural psychology
Cultural psychology
Contents
Relationships with other branches of psychology
Importance
Need for expanded cultural research
Mutual constitution
Criticisms
Stereotyping
Faulty methodology
Methods
Cultural models
The 4 I's culture cycle
Individuals
Interactions
Institutions
Ideas
Whiting model
Culture and motivation
Self-enhancement vs. self-improvement
Culture and empathy
Cultural orientation: collectivistic and individualistic
Empathy across cultures
Intercultural and ethnocultural empathy
The Nijmegen school of cultural psychology
Research institutions
See also
References
Further reading

Content: In an attempt to show the interrelated interests of cultural and indigenous psychology, cultural psychologist Pradeep Chakkarath emphasizes that international mainstream psychology, as it has been exported to most regions of the world by the so-called West, is only one among many indigenous psychologies and therefore may not have enough intercultural expertise to claim, as it frequently does, that its theories have universal validity. Accordingly, cultural groups have diverse ways of defining emotional problems, as well as distinguishing between physical and mental distress. For example, Arthur Kleinman has shown how the notion of depression in Chinese culture has been associated with physiological problems, before becoming acknowledged more recently as an emotional concern. Furthermore, the type of therapy people pursue is influences by cultural conceptions of privacy and shame, as well as the stigmas associated with specific problems. The acronym W.E.I.R.D. describes populations that are Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. Thus far, W.E.I.R.D. populations have been vastly overrepresented in psychological research. In an analysis of top journals in the psychology discipline, it was found that 96% of subjects who participated in those studies came from Western Industrialized countries, with 68% of them coming from the United States. This is largely due to the fact that 99% of the authors of these journals were at Western Universities with 73% of them at American Universities. With this information, it is concluded that 96% of psychological findings come from W.E.I.R.D. countries. Findings from psychology research utilizing primarily W.E.I.R.D. populations are often labeled as universal theories and are inaccurately applied to other cultures.