Title: Gender Role - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Headings: Gender Role
Gender Role
Gender Roles
Gender
Gender Roles
Concluding Remarks
Gender Inequality and Gender-Based Violence
Measurement of Gender-Role Attitudes
Social role and life course theories
Changing expectations in continuing roles
Reevaluating earlier gender-role standards and learning new ones
Gender-role conflict and ethnicity
Assessment of Patients with Substance-Related Disorders
Environmental Factors
Availability
Price
Legal Status
Social and Cultural Norms
Gender and Sex Roles and Expectations
Social Determinants of Health
Sex Differences in the Human Brain, their Underpinnings and Implications
Sociocultural
Working With Men and Their Dogs: How Context Informs Clinical Practice When the Bond Is Present in Males' Lives
Discussion Questions
Adolescent Dating Violence Among Ethnically Diverse Youth
Postcolonial Gender Roles
Gender Issues
Interpersonal and Cognitive-Motivational Factors
Sex Differences in the Human Brain, their Underpinnings and Implications
Environmental determinants

Content: Societies construct men and women differently, and those differences reflect and perpetuate inequalities. To understand these inequities, scholars focus on gender relations: dynamic, constructed power relations embedded in social processes and institutionalized in social arenas, with consequences for life chances. As a concept, gender relations emphasizes that gender serves as a social organizing principle and that men and women gain identities and power in relation to one another. Because they result from social interaction, gender relations are dynamic. What is considered masculine and feminine varies by culture, by time, and across groups within cultures – including age cohorts. This translation of sex into gender shapes men's and women's experiences across the life course and into old age. Gender is embedded in social relationships at all levels, from individual interactions and identities to institutional processes. Societies organize on the basis of gender such that what is taken to be masculine and feminine influences and reflects a division of labor, the performance of which is evaluated and rewarded in a differential fashion. Thus, the gender identities that emerge in social interaction also serve to privilege men – give them an unearned advantage – while they usually disadvantage women, even as people resist and reformulate seemingly natural gender differences and meanings.