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Content: Citizen Louis Capet (formerly known as King Louis XVI) was
subsequently sent to the guillotine on 21st January 1793. Girondin led France had little success in conflicts with
foreign adversaries. There was an open "royalist" revolt against
the central authority in the Vendée and there were demands
for greater 'federalist' autonomy expressed by interests in
southern regions of France. Over the last days of May and first days of June 1793,
Robespierre, supported by the Commune of Paris, forced the
expulsion of the Girondists from the National Convention. On July
27th he was elected a member of the chief executive body, the
Committee of Public Safety. Although Robespierre was from one
point of view only one of twelve members of the committee he was
the only one who, through the full support he enjoyed from the
Jacobin Clubs and the Commune of Paris, represented a close link
to the more radical supporters of the Revolution. France was in turmoil, and with the aim of restoring order and
reducing the danger of invasion from abroad, Robespierre, backed
by the committee, proceeded to ruthlessly eliminate all whom he
considered to be enemies of the Revolution, both extremists and
moderates. This policy led to the so-called Reign of Terror and
to the execution of the revolutionary leaders Jacques René
Hébert (March 24th 1794) and Georges Jacques Danton (April
6th 1794). Both Hébert and Danton were politicians whose
preferred policies were inconsistent with the pure Rousseauism
that was Robespierre's guiding principle. The Hébertists
had been suspected of preparing for a coup d'état and this
may have contributed to the harshness with which they were
treated.