Title: Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults - The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
Headings: Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults
Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults
Summary
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Decline in β-cell function
Obesity-induced mechanisms
Key drivers for the development of type 2 diabetes in young people
Early life determinants
Diet and obesity
Physical activity
Socioeconomic factors
Family history
Female sex and polycystic ovarian syndrome
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Clinical characteristics
Complications
Microvascular complications
Macrovascular complications
Other complications
Treatment
Lifestyle changes
Pharmacological and surgical approaches
Table 2 Key studies showing the effectiveness of interventions to treat young-onset type 2 diabetes
Societal effects of type 2 diabetes in young people
Summary and future research directions
Search strategy and selection criteria
Contributors
Declaration of interests
References
Article Info
Publication History
Identification
Copyright
ScienceDirect
Figures
Tables

Content: 6th edn. International Diabetes Federation , Brussels 2013
http://www.diabetesatlas.org/resources/previous-editions.html
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the biggest increases being in Africa, south-east Asia, and Western Pacific regions ( figure 1 ). Figure 1 Worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes in young people (aged <40 years), 2003–13
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Data are from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) atlas 2003,
9
International Diabetes Federation
Diabetes Atlas. 2nd Edn. International Diabetes Federation , Brussels 2003
http://www.diabetesatlas.org/resources/previous-editions.html
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2006,
10
International Diabetes Federation
Diabetes Atlas. 3rd Edn. International Diabetes Federation , Brussels 2006
http://www.diabetesatlas.org/resources/previous-editions.html
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and 2013. 11
International Diabetes Federation
IDF Diabetes Atlas. 6th edn. International Diabetes Federation , Brussels 2013
http://www.diabetesatlas.org/resources/previous-editions.html
Google Scholar
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In a study of the age-specific incidence of type 2 diabetes in the UK (a retrospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes between 1990 and 2010), the investigators reported a substantial increase in the proportion of people aged 40 years or younger at diagnosis between 1991 and 2010 ( figure 2 ).