Title: TOPIC FOUR: Contextual Features | Basicmedical Key
Headings: TOPIC FOUR: Contextual Features
TOPIC FOUR: Contextual Features
INTRODUCTION
4.0.1 Ethical Principles in Contextual Features
4.0.2 Conflict of Interest
4.0.3 Contents of This Topic
4.1 HEALTH PROFESSIONS
4.1.1 Question One—Are There Professional, Interprofessional, or Business Interests That Might Create Conflicts of Interest in the Clinical Treatment of Patients?
4.1.2 The Multiple Responsibilities of Physicians
4.1.3 Allegiance and Altruism
4.1.4 Cooperation Between Medical and Nursing Professionals: The Problem of Moral Distress
4.1.5 Relations Between Physicians and Medically Related Business
4.1.6 Physician’s Duty to Self and Family
4.2 OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES
4.2.1 Question Two—Are There Parties Other Than Clinicians and Patients, Such as Families of Patients, Who Have a Legitimate Interest in Clinical Decisions?
4.2.2 Family and Friends of the Patient
4.2.3 Family Impact of Genetic Testing and Diagnosis
4.3 CONFIDENTIALITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION
4.3.1 Question Three—What Are the Limits Imposed on Patient Confidentiality by the Legitimate Interests of Third Parties?
4.3.2 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
4.3.3 Confidentiality and Risk to Other Persons
4.3.4 Confidentiality and Public Health and Safety
CASE I. Mr. Cure, with bacterial meningitis, refuses therapy and insists on returning to his college dormitory room.
4.4 ECONOMICS OF CLINICAL CARE
4.4.1 Question Four—Are There Financial Factors That Create Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Decisions?

Content: Justice refers to those moral and social theories that attempt to distribute the benefits and burdens of a social system in a fair and equitable way among all participants in the system. This conception of justice is highly relevant to health policy and health care reform. For the contextual problems that occur in clinical ethics, we select a narrow part of this broad idea of justice, namely, fairness. Fairness is a moral characteristic relevant to transactions and relationships between individuals. In games, fairness requires “playing by the rules”; in business, fairness requires “a level playing field.” In general, fairness demands that transactions and relationships give to each participant that which they deserve and can reasonably expect. In addition, it is obviously unfair to exploit by deceit, manipulation, or discrimination. Other ethical norms, such as veracity, privacy, and fidelity, may be pertinent in particular cases. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF.