Title: Child abuse - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
Headings: Child abuse
Child abuse
Overview
Mayo Clinic Child and Family Advocacy Center
Products & Services
Symptoms
Physical abuse signs and symptoms
Sexual abuse signs and symptoms
Emotional abuse signs and symptoms
Neglect signs and symptoms
Parental behavior
When to see a doctor
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Risk factors
Complications
Physical issues
Behavioral issues
Emotional issues
Mental health disorders
Prevention
If you worry that you might abuse your child
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Child abuse

Content: Keep in mind that health care professionals are legally required to report all suspected cases of child abuse to the appropriate county authorities or the police. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic
Risk factors
Factors that may increase a person's risk of becoming abusive include: A history of being abused or neglected as a child
Physical or mental illness, such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Family crisis or stress, including domestic violence and other marital conflicts, or single parenting
A child in the family who is developmentally or physically disabled
Financial stress, unemployment or poverty
Social or extended family isolation
Poor understanding of child development and parenting skills
Alcohol, drugs or other substance abuse
Complications
Some children overcome the physical and psychological effects of child abuse, particularly those with strong social support and resiliency skills who can adapt and cope with bad experiences. For many others, however, child abuse may result in physical, behavioral, emotional or mental health issues — even years later. Below are some examples. Physical issues
Premature death
Physical disabilities
Learning disabilities
Substance abuse
Health problems, such as heart disease, immune disorders, chronic lung disease and cancer
Behavioral issues
Delinquent or violent behavior
Abuse of others
Withdrawal
Suicide attempts or self-injury
High-risk sexual behaviors or teen pregnancy
Problems in school or not finishing high school
Limited social and relationship skills
Problems with work or staying employed
Emotional issues
Low self-esteem
Difficulty establishing or maintaining relationships
Challenges with intimacy and trust
An unhealthy view of parenthood
Inability to cope with stress and frustrations
An acceptance that violence is a normal part of relationships
Mental health disorders
Eating disorders
Personality disorders
Behavior disorders
Depression
Anxiety disorders
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Sleep disturbances
Attachment disorders
Prevention
You can take important steps to protect your child from exploitation and child abuse, as well as prevent child abuse in your neighborhood or community. The goal is to provide safe, stable, nurturing relationships for children. For example: Offer your child love and attention. Nurture your child, listen and be involved in his or her life to develop trust and good communication.