Title: Energy production and imports - Statistics Explained
Headings: Energy production and imports
Energy production and imports
Production of primary energy by fuel type, EU-27, 2008-2018
Full article
Production of primary energy decreased between 2008 and 2018
The EU and its Member States are all net importers of energy
More than half of EU energy needs are covered by imports
Source data for tables and graphs
Data sources
Context

Content: Russia was also the principal supplier of EU crude oil imports. Its share stood at 32.1 % in 2008 and fluctuated between 35.6 % (which was the peak recorded in 2011) and 29.8 % (the lowest share, recorded in 2018). In 2018, The relative share of EU crude oil supplies from Iraq increased at a rapid pace between 2008 and 2018 reaching 8.7 %, thus becoming the second largest crude oil suppliers, before Saudi Arabia (7.4 %), which had a relatively stable share between 2008 and 2018. Russia’s share of EU imports of natural gas between 2008 and 2018 increased slightly (from 39.4 % to 40.4 %); nevertheless, the lowest level was recorded in 2010 (35.2 %) and the peak of 45.3 % was recorded in 2013. During the period shown in Table 3, Norway remained the second largest supplier of EU imports of natural gas, its share slowly falling from 22.0 % in 2008 to 18.1 % in 2018. The share of EU natural gas supplies that originated from Algeria, the third largest supplier, declined between 2008 and 2018, whereas the share from Qatar almost doubled. The security of the EU’s primary energy supplies may be threatened if a high proportion of imports are concentrated among relatively few partners. Almost three quarters (70.3 %) of the EU’s imports of natural gas in 2018 came from Russia, Norway and Algeria. A similar analysis shows that close to three quarters (74.3 %) of EU hard coal imports originated from Russia, the United States and Colombia, while imports of crude oil were less concentrated among the principal suppliers, as Russia, Iraq and Saudi Arabia accounted for roughly the half (45.9 %) of the EU’s imports.