Title: Abnormalities of Posture and Appearance - WSAVA2007 - VIN
Headings: 
Abnormalities of Head Posture
Abnormalities of Limb Posture
Abnormalities of Body Trunk Posture

Content: In normal animals, these imaginary lines will form a 90° angle. In animals with a head tilt, the imaginary line drawn through the philtrum will form an acute angle less than 90°. When severe, the animal may be rolled on the dorsal aspect of its body. In some cases, the animal may continually fall and roll. Head tilting is most often associated with disease of the vestibular or cerebellar systems. The head tilt is usually directed toward the side of the lesion in the nervous system especially if the lesion involves the peripheral vestibular apparatus. Occasionally, with lesions involving the caudal cerebellar peduncle between the brain stem and cerebellum or flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum, the head tilt is directed away from the side of the lesion, the so-called paradoxical vestibular syndrome. A head turn is where the nose remains parallel to the horizon, however, the nose is directed toward the flank or caudal aspect of the body. This has sometimes been referred to as a "yaw". This posture may be a component of the adversive syndrome, which consists of a head turn (sagittal axis of head perpendicular to the ground) and circling.