Title: Environmental Factors in Causation of Diabetes Mellitus | IntechOpen
Headings: Environmental Factors in Causation of Diabetes Mellitus
Environmental Factors in Causation of Diabetes Mellitus
By P.G. Raman
Abstract
Keywords
chapter and author info
1. Introduction
2. Diet
3. Food practices and diabetes
4. Secondary causes
4.1. Infant nutrition and type-1 DM
4.2. Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD)
Table 1.
4.2.1. Rich food sources of cyanide
4.3. Prenatal infections and diabetes
4.4. Role of demographic factors in diabetes etiology
4.4.1. Virus and beta-cell damage
4.5. Insulitis
4.6. Drugs
4.6.1. Advanced glycation and lipoxidation end-products (AGEs and ALEs) as dysmetabolic risk factors
Table 2.
4.7. Gut microbes and type-2 diabetes
4.7.1. Night-shift workers and diabetes
4.7.3. Physical inactivity
4.7.4. Obesity and BMI
4.7.5. Exposure to chemicals
4.8. Adverse effects on human health
4.9. POPs and diabetes
4.9.1. Insulin resistance
4.9.2. Obesity
4.9.3. Decreased insulin production
4.9.4. Disrupted glucose homeostasis
4.10. Prevention and control
4.10.1. At the individual level
4.10.2. At the industry level
4.10.3. At the government level
5. Conclusion
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Content: Introduction
India is currently experiencing an epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM). According to the World Health Oganization, India has the unique distinction of being the country with the largest number of diabetic patients in the world. Type-2 DM accounts for more than 90% of all patients with diabetes worldwide. The prevalence of diabetes in adults is showing an upward trend worldwide [4% in 1995 to 5.4% in 2025 (projected)]. The majority of this increase will however occur in developing countries. Asians, particularly from the Indian subcontinent, will be mostly affected. Reports from different parts of India show a rising trend in the prevalence of diabetes. In 1995, prevalence of diabetes was 19.4 million and is projected to increase to nearly 80 million in 2030. Migrants have a higher risk of developing type-2 diabetes. The long-term impact of obesity and change in diet are two main causes of increased prevalence of diabetes in migrant Indians.