Cuala earned a 3-19 to 1-16 victory over Kilkenny club O'Loughlin Gaels at Portlaoise to lift the provincial title for the first time.
Con O'Callaghan, Colm Cronin and Mark Schutte hit Cuala's goals with free-taker David Treacy finishing with 0-11.
Danny Loughnane scored O'Loughlin Gael's second-half goal.
Cuala, who landed their first Dublin title in 2015, will be favourites in the All-Ireland semi-final against the Derry club on 4 February.
Slaughtneil clinched their first Ulster title in October after defeating 2012 All-Ireland champions Loughgiel 2-14 to 1-13 in the decider.
Dublin side Cuala will be Slaughtneil's opponents in the All-Ireland Club Hurling semi-finals in February after they won the Leinster title on Sunday.