The 20-year-old, who played 12 games for Rovers last term, will be with the League Two club until January.
Calder has yet to make his first-team debut for Villa, who were relegated to the Championship last term, but has been an unused substitute.
He played 11 games for Dundee in the Scottish Premiership in 2015-16, prior to his first spell with Doncaster.
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Ince, 25, who scored 38 goals in 115 games for Derby, has signed a three-year contract.
USA international Williams, 28, has agreed a two-year deal.
Chelsea's 20-year-old forward Kasey Palmer, who spent last season on loan with the Terriers, has agreed another season-long loan.
England Under-21 international Palmer has signed a new contract until 2021 with Premier League champions Chelsea.
Huddersfield manager David Wagner said of Ince: "He scores goals, creates them for others and is always a threat when he's on the pitch.
"I have spoken to Tom and he has a massive desire to come to Huddersfield Town and play in the Premier League.
"He has had a taste of the division for two short spells and he is desperate to show everyone that he belongs in the top division. He can be a big player for us."
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Doncaster Rovers have re-signed Aston Villa midfielder Riccardo Calder on a half-season loan.
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Huddersfield have signed Derby winger Tom Ince for an undisclosed fee and Reading midfielder Danny Williams after his contract with Reading expired.