being bound by customary international law, Azerbaijan is a party to the Geneva Conventions, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) which strictly forbid extrajudicial killings. (13) Despite its international legal obligations under the Geneva Conventions and repeated calls by the United States Government, Azerbaijan has not released all relevant persons and instead continues to detain new prisoners of war, hostages, and captured civilians, nor have those responsible for serious human rights violations and war crimes faced legal consequences. (14) Azerbaijan’s brutal repression of domestic political opposition is of grave concern for the human rights of Azerbaijanis. (15) The detention and subsequent torture and ill-treatment of opposition leaders, activists, and critics of the Aliyev government like Dr. Gubad Ibadoghlu, a prominent scholar who taught in the United States and was recently released to house arrest, raises fundamental concerns about due process and the integrity of the legal proceedings against him and others who express political dissent in Azerbaijan. (16) On March 6, 2024, Azerbaijani authorities detained six journalists in Baku and accused them of unfounded smuggling charges as part of an ongoing crackdown on independent media in Azerbaijan. (17) Azerbaijan is designated as Not Free by Freedom House due to the absence of political rights, civil liberties, and rule of law. 3. Review of sanctions with respect to Azerbaijan (a) Determination Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a determination, including a detailed justification, of whether any person listed in subsection (b) meets the criteria for the imposition of sanctions pursuant to— (1) section 1263(b) of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act ( 22 U.S.C. 2656 note)