1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Respect for the Second Amendment Act . 2. Findings Congress finds the following: (1) The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States protects the individual right to keep and bear arms independent of service in an organized militia. (2) The Supreme Court of the United States held in District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570, 595 (2008) that [t]here seems to us no doubt, on the basis of both text and history, that the Second Amendment conferred an individual right to keep and bear arms. . (3) The Supreme Court further held in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen, 142 S. Ct. 2111, 2126 (2022) that the Second Amendment requires the government to demonstrate that a law regulating firearms is consistent with this Nation’s historical tradition of firearm regulation . (4) The right to keep and bear arms is a fundamental individual right guaranteed by the Constitution and a cornerstone of the liberties that every United States citizen enjoys. (5) The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution grants Congress the authority to enforce, by appropriate legislation, that Amendment’s command that [n]o State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States . (6) Certain States have enacted or are seeking to enact gun control laws that are inconsistent with the United States historical tradition of firearm regulation, including bans on the carrying of firearms by residents of other States and bans on large categories of firearms that are in common use for lawful purposes. (7) It is therefore necessary for Congress to exercise its authority under the Fourteenth Amendment to ensure that the Second Amendment rights of all people of the United States are protected from infringement by the States. (8) Congress has also exercised authority under the Taxing Clause and Commerce Clause of section 8 of article I of the Constitution to regulate the interstate market in firearms and ammunition. 3.