Whereas the United States Senate recognizes that antisemitism is a pernicious and destructive form of prejudice that has persisted throughout history, resulting in widespread discrimination, violence, and persecution against Jewish individuals and communities; Whereas the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (referred to in this preamble as the IHRA ) has developed a widely accepted and comprehensive working definition of antisemitism that serves as a valuable tool for identifying and combating acts of antisemitism in all its manifestations; Whereas the IHRA working definition of antisemitism states that antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities ; Whereas the IHRA working definition of antisemitism includes examples that illustrate the various ways in which antisemitism manifests, including making derogatory statements about Jews, denying the Holocaust, promoting conspiracy theories about Jewish control, and holding the Jewish Community collectively responsible for the actions of the State of Israel; Whereas the IHRA working definition of antisemitism serves as a valuable tool for governments, institutions, and organizations in identifying, monitoring, and addressing antisemitism, thereby helping to ensure the safety, security, and dignity of Jewish communities around the world; Whereas, for nearly 2 decades, the IHRA working definition and its predecessor, the European Union Military Committee working definition, which was developed with the cooperation and support of Jewish communities, have provided essential guidance in efforts to combat antisemitism to governments and organizations in Europe, the Americas, and across the globe