; and (ii) supporting, legitimizing, or recognizing the unlawful territorial claims of the Government of the People’s Republic of China in Taiwan, Tibet, Korea, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, and other locations in which such claims are contested; and (C) investments without reasonable business purposes in industries targeted for support by the Chinese Communist Party, the Government of the People’s Republic of China, or instrumentalities of the Government of the People’s Republic of China, including by entering into a joint venture with such an instrumentality or an entity affiliated with such an instrumentality. (4) Corporate actions currying favor with the Chinese Communist Party are valuable to officials of the Chinese Communist Party, the Government of the People’s Republic of China, and instrumentalities of the Government of the People’s Republic of China, and constitute payments of value for the purposes of subsection (a) of each of the corporate anti-corruption laws, because those actions are— (A) directly or indirectly financially valuable to those officials due to— (i) the extent of corruption in the People’s Republic of China; (ii) the reliance of the economy of the People’s Republic of China on state-owned enterprises; and (iii) the integration of the party-state with business enterprises in the People’s Republic of China; and (B) valuable to the interests of the Chinese Communist Party, and officials of that Party, in a manner that is distinct from any independent economic or public interest rationale for those actions. (5) Corporate actions currying favor with the Chinese Communist Party are taken corruptly for the purposes of each of the corporate anti-corruption laws because those actions— (A) have no reasonable business purpose unrelated to obtaining or retaining business within the People’s Republic of China and instead relate to— (i) accessing markets within the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China