; or (B) has failed to enforce compliance with any provision by a member of the authority or a person associated with a member of the authority. (2) Expulsion The appropriate commission may, by order, if necessary or appropriate in the public interest, for customer protection, or otherwise in furtherance of the purposes of this section, to suspend for a period not exceeding 1 year or expel from an authority, any member of an authority, or participant with respect to an authority, if such member or participant is subject to an order of the commission or if the commission, on the record after notice and opportunity for hearing, determines that the member or participant has willfully violated, or has effected any transaction for any other person who the member or participant had reason to believe was violating, with respect to such transaction any applicable provision of law under the jurisdiction of the commission. (3) Bar on association The applicable commission may, by order, if necessary or appropriate in the public interest, for customer protection, or otherwise in furtherance of the purposes of this section, to suspend for a period not exceeding 1 year or to bar any person from being associated with a member of such authority, if the person is subject to an order of the appropriate commission or if the appropriate commission finds, on the record after notice and opportunity for hearing, that the person has willfully violated, or has effected any transaction for any other person who the person associated with a member had reason to believe was violating, with respect to the transaction any applicable provision of law under the jurisdiction of the commission. (4) Removal from office If necessary or appropriate in the public interest, for customer protection, or otherwise in furtherance of the purposes of this section, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, voting separately, may, by joint order, remove from office or censure any person who is, or at the time of the