1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Clean Energy Minerals Reform Act of 2023 . (b) Table of contents The table of contents of this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. TITLE I—Locatable mineral deposits Sec. 101. Limitation on patents. Sec. 102. Fees. Sec. 103. Limitations. TITLE II—Royalties Sec. 201. Royalty. Sec. 202. Royalty relief. Sec. 203. Enforcement. Sec. 204. Review. TITLE III—Mineral activities Sec. 301. Permits. Sec. 302. Exploration permits. Sec. 303. Mining permits. Sec. 304. Financial assurances. Sec. 305. Transfer, assignment, or sale of right. Sec. 306. Operation and reclamation. Sec. 307. Land open to location. Sec. 308. State law. Sec. 309. Inspection and monitoring. Sec. 310. Tribal consultation. TITLE IV—Hardrock Minerals Reclamation Fund Sec. 401. Establishment of Fund. Sec. 402. Abandoned mine land reclamation fee. TITLE V—Transition rules, administrative provisions, and miscellaneous provisions Sec. 501. Transition rules. Sec. 502. Enforcement. Sec. 503. Judicial review. Sec. 504. Uncommon varieties. Sec. 505. Review of uranium development on Federal land. Sec. 506. Effect. 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Applicant The term applicant means any person that applies for— (A) a permit under this Act; or (B) a modification to, or a renewal of, a permit issued under this Act. (2) Beneficiation The term beneficiation means— (A) the crushing and grinding of locatable mineral ore