; and (B) does not include any Executive agency or other entity of the Federal Government, any State or local government, the government of the District of Columbia, any Tribal government, any government of a United States territory or possession, or any international organization of which the United States is a member state. (8) Gift The term gift — (A) has the meaning given the term in section 2635.203(b) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations; (B) includes any gift that is indirectly solicited or accepted, as defined under section 2635.203(f) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations; and (C) does not include any item excepted under subsections (b), (c), (e)(1), (e)(3), (j), or (l) of section 2635.204 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations. (9) Government official The term Government official means any employee of the executive branch of the Government. (10) Lobby The term lobby means to act or have acted as a registered lobbyist. (11) Materially assist The term materially assist — (A) means to provide substantive assistance; and (B) does not include— (i) the provision of background or general education on a matter of law or policy based upon the subject matter expertise of an individual