1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Congressional Trade Authority Act of 2023 . 2. Limitations on authority of president to adjust imports determined to threaten to impair national security (a) Limitation on articles for which action may be taken Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 ( 19 U.S.C. 1862 ) is amended— (1) by striking an article each place it appears and inserting a covered article ; (2) by striking any article each place it appears and inserting any covered article ; (3) by striking the article each place it appears and inserting the covered article ; (4) in the first subsection (d), by striking In the administration and all that follow through national security. ; and (5) by adding at the end the following: (i) Definitions In this section: (1) Covered article The term covered article means an article related to the development, maintenance, or protection of military equipment, energy resources, or critical infrastructure essential to national security. (2) National security The term national security — (A) means the protection of the United States from foreign aggression; and (B) does not otherwise include the protection of the general welfare of the United States. . (b) Responsibility of secretary of defense for investigations Section 232(b) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 ( 19 U.S.C. 1862(b) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (1)— (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking the Secretary of Commerce (hereafter in the section referred to as the Secretary ) and inserting the Secretary of Defense ; and (B) in subparagraph (B)— (i) by striking The Secretary and inserting The Secretary of Defense ; and (ii) by striking the Secretary of Defense and inserting the Secretary of Commerce ; (2) in paragraph (2)— (A) in subparagraph (A)— (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking the Secretary and inserting the Secretary of Defense ; and (ii) in clause (i), by striking the Secretary of Defense and inserting the Secretary of Commerce