; and (II) any entity that is owned, affiliated, or related under a common ownership structure with such a person, business, or entity (including an entity owned by or affiliated with the PDP sponsor) or that acts as a contractor or agent to such a person, business, or entity, irrespective of whether such person, business, or entity calls itself a pharmacy benefit manager . . (b) MA–PD plans Section 1857(f)(3) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395w–27(f)(3) ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: (E) Responsibility of pharmacy benefit managers Section 1860D–12(b)(9). .