of 1933. (2) The term digital commodity , as defined under section 1a of the Commodity Exchange Act. (b) Joint rulemaking for exchanges and intermediaries The Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission shall jointly issue rules to exempt persons dually registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission from duplicative, conflicting, or unduly burdensome provisions of this Act, the securities laws, and the Commodity Exchange Act and the rules thereunder, to the extent such exemption would foster the development of fair and orderly markets in digital assets, be necessary or appropriate in the public interest, and be consistent with the protection of investors. (c) Joint rulemaking for mixed digital asset transactions The Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission shall jointly issue rules applicable to mixed digital asset transactions under this Act and the amendments made by this Act, including by further defining such term. (d) Protection of self-custody (1) In general The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network may not issue any rule or order that would prohibit a U.S. individual from— (A) maintaining a hardware wallet, software wallet, or other means to facilitate such individual’s own custody of digital assets