; and (8) $18,000,000 for fiscal year 2033. 905. Directorate for social, behavioral, and economic sciences (a) Research (1) In general The Director of the National Science Foundation (referred to in this section as the Director ) shall award funding for research activities in each of the following areas described in this subsection. (2) Integrated assessment modeling and grasslands and forest impacts modeling (A) In general The Director shall award funding for technical, economic, and social modeling of impacts on land use from avoided conversion of grasslands and forests, reforestation, conservation, afforestation, and forest management changes. (B) Collaboration The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph (A) in collaboration with the Secretary of Agriculture. (3) Integrated assessment modeling and direct air capture impacts modeling The Director shall award funding for technical, economic, and social modeling of impacts on land and energy use from direct air capture, including future electricity grid mix scenarios. (4) Ethical, legal, and social impacts of biotechnology The Director shall award funding for research on the ethical, legal, and social implications of biotechnology use in carbon dioxide removal. (5) Governance frameworks The Director shall award funding for research into governance frameworks for safe and sustainable experimentation with ocean-based carbon dioxide removal. (6) Other research The Director shall award funding for other carbon dioxide removal research, as determined by the Director. (b) Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated to the Director to carry out this section $12,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2033. 906. Division of social and economic sciences (a) Research (1) In general The Director of the National Science Foundation (referred to in this section as the Director ) shall award funding for research activities in each of the following areas described in this subsection. (2) Research on decision science (A)