; or (B) a nongovernmental entity organized or existing under, and subject to, the laws of the United States or a State. 80102. Certification authority (a) In general Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the Commercial Space Act of 2023 , the Secretary shall begin issuing certifications for the operation of a space object to any United States entity that submits an application for such a certification in satisfaction of the requirements of this chapter. (b) Consultation The Secretary may, as the Secretary considers necessary, consult with the heads of other relevant agencies in carrying out the requirements of this chapter, pursuant to section 80210. (c) Certification required for operation Beginning on the date that is one year after the date of the enactment of the Commercial Space Act of 2023 , a United States entity may not operate a space object unless the entity— (1) holds a certification issued under this chapter for the operation of such space object; or (2) holds a valid covered license, as defined in section 80109(c), and such covered license satisfies the requirements of section 80109. (d) Foreign entities prohibited The Secretary may not issue a certification under this chapter to any entity that is not a United States entity. (e) Coverage of certification The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, require only one certification under this chapter for a United States entity to— (1) conduct multiple operations carried out using a single space object; (2) operate multiple space objects that carry out substantially similar operations