secure any user data it acquires, processes, or transmits. (c) Interoperability obligations for large communications platform providers (1) In general In order to achieve interoperability under subsection (a), a large communications platform provider shall fulfill the duties under paragraphs (2) through (6) of this subsection. (2) Non-discrimination (A) In general A large communications platform provider shall facilitate and maintain interoperability with competing communications services for each of its large communications platforms through an interoperability interface, based on fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory terms. (B) Reasonable thresholds, access standards, and fees (i) In general A large communications platform provider may establish reasonable thresholds related to the frequency, nature, and volume of requests by a competing communications provider to access resources maintained by the large communications platform provider, beyond which the large communications platform provider may assess a reasonable fee for such access. (ii) Usage expectations A large communications platform provider may establish fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory usage expectations to govern access by competing communications providers, including fees or penalties for providers that exceed those usage expectations. (iii) Limitation on fees and usage expectations Any fees, penalties, or usage expectations assessed under clauses (i) and (ii) shall be reasonably proportional to the cost, complexity, and risk to the large communications platform provider of providing such access. (iv) Notice A large communications platform provider shall provide public notice of any fees, penalties, or usage expectations that may be established under clauses (i) and (ii), including reasonable advance notice of any changes. (v) Security and privacy standards A large communications platform provider shall, consistent with industry best practices, set privacy and security standards for access by competing communications services to the