; (II) 48 hours in any workweek (as defined in section 778.105 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation); or (III) 12 consecutive hours in a 24-hour period; or (ii) during the 10-hour period immediately following the 12th hour worked in a shift or duty period during a 24-hour period. (B) Hours worked For purposes of subparagraph (A), time spent by a nurse in the following shall be included as hours worked: (i) Required meetings or while receiving education or training. (ii) On call or on standby when the nurse is required to be at the provider of services. (iii) On call or on standby when the nurse is not required to be at the provider of services. (C) Clarification regarding voluntary overtime Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to preclude a nurse from volunteering to work overtime. (2) Exceptions (A) In general Subject to subparagraph (B), the requirements of paragraph (1) shall not apply to a provider of services during a declared emergency or disaster (as defined in paragraph (9)(E)) if the provider is requested, or otherwise is expected, to provide an exceptional level of emergency or other medical services to the community. (B) Limitations With respect to a provider of services to which subparagraph (A) applies, a nurse may only be required to work for periods in excess of the periods described in paragraph (1) if— (i) the provider has made reasonable efforts to fill the immediate staffing needs of the provider through alternative means; (ii) the duration of the work requirement does not extend past the earlier of— (I) the date on which the declared emergency or disaster ends; or (II) the date on which the provider’s direct role in responding to the medical needs resulting from the declared emergency or disaster ends; (iii) a staff vacancy for the next shift becomes known at the end of the current shift