; and (2) a bill is enacted into law expressly approving the Further Agreement and, if necessary, making any required changes to United States law. 8. Relationship of the agreement to united states and state law (a) Relationship of the agreement to united states law (1) United states law to prevail in conflict No provision of the Agreement, nor the application of any such provision to any person or circumstance, which is inconsistent with any law of the United States, shall have effect. (2) Internal revenue code The Agreement does not constitute a free trade agreement for purposes of section 30D(e)(1)(A)(i)(II) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (3) Construction Unless specifically provided for in this Act, nothing in this Act shall be construed— (A) to amend or modify any law of the United States; or (B) to limit any authority conferred under any law of the United States. (b) Relationship of the agreement to state law No State law, or the application thereof, may be declared invalid as to any person or circumstance on the ground that the provision or application is inconsistent with the Agreement, except in an action brought by the United States for the purpose of declaring such law or application invalid. (c) Effect of the agreement with respect to private remedies No person other than the United States— (1) shall have any cause of action or defense under the Agreement or by virtue of congressional approval thereof; or (2) may challenge, in any action brought under any provision of law, any action or inaction by any department, agency, or other instrumentality of the United States, any State, or any political subdivision of a State, on the ground that such action or inaction is inconsistent with the Agreement.