technology, would enable launches with little warning. (7) Iran continues work on larger diameter solid-propellant motors, like the Rafa’e, and is now reportedly in the possession of an all-solid-propellant space-launch vehicle called the Qaem–100. The Qaem–100 was reportedly tested twice, once in November 2022 and again in March 2023. (8) The IRGC–AF last successfully launched a satellite into orbit in September 2023 using its Qased rocket, fueled by both liquid- and solid-fueled stages. (9) Iran’s development, production, and transfer of space-launch vehicle and ballistic missile technology violated Annex B of United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015), which enshrined certain restrictions under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Those restrictions expired on October 18, 2023. (b) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that— (1) Iran’s space program continues to function as a cover for Iran's quest for an ICBM