; or (II) for a purpose explicitly authorized by an Act of Congress. (ii) Prohibition on limitation of services The Secretary, or the head of any other Federal agency, shall not use data collected under this subsection to limit services to students. (E) Law enforcement Personally identifiable information collected under this subsection shall not be used for any Federal, State, or local law enforcement activity or any other activity that would result in adverse action against any student or a student’s family. (F) Limitation of use for Federal rankings or summative rating system The comprehensive data collection and analysis necessary for the postsecondary student data system under this subsection shall not be used by the Secretary or any Federal entity to establish any Federal ranking system of institutions of higher education or a system that results in a summative Federal rating of institutions of higher education. (G) Rule of construction Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the use of individual categories of aggregate information to be used for accountability purposes. (H) Rule of construction regarding commercial use of data Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prohibit third-party entities from using publicly available information in this data system for commercial use. (6) Submission of data (A) Required submission Each institution of higher education participating in a program under title IV, or the assigned agent of such institution, shall, for each instructional program, and in accordance with section 487(a)(17), collect, and submit to the Commissioner, the data requested by the Commissioner to carry out this subsection. (B) Voluntary submission Any institution of higher education not participating in a program under title IV may voluntarily participate in the postsecondary student data system under this subsection by collecting and submitting data to the Commissioner, as the Commissioner may request to carry out this subsection. (C) Personally identifiable information In