; (xiii) coercion by proxy, such as harassment of, or threats or harm to, family and associates of such private individuals who remain in the country of origin; and (xiv) slander and libel to discredit individuals. (2) Governments perpetrating transnational repression often pressure host countries, especially— (A) through threats to condition foreign assistance or other pressure campaigns on lawmakers in host countries, such as threats— (i) to withdraw foreign students from their universities; and (ii) to induce them to enact policies that repress emigrant and diaspora communities