1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Keep Physicians Serving Patients Act of 2023 . 2. Improving the accuracy of geographic adjustment factors Section 1848(e)(1)(D) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395w–4(e)(1)(D) ) is amended to read as follows: (D) Use of accurate data (i) In general In establishing indices and index values under this paragraph, the Secretary shall use the most recent data available relating to practice expenses, malpractice expenses, and physician work effort in each fee schedule area. (ii) Practice expense and work indices In establishing indices and index values under clause (i) or (iii) of subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall— (I) use the most recent market data available on physician wages, or if available, actual cost data for physician labor; and (II) not use nonphysician professional wage data as a proxy for physician wage data. (iii) Practice expense calculation In calculating index values under clause (i) of subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall use the most recent office rent data available or data from Federally qualified health centers (as defined in section 1861(aa)(4)) expense reports. . 3. Floor for work and practice expense geographic indices (a) Work geographic index Section 1848(e)(1)(E) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395w–4(e)(1)(E) ) is amended— (1) by striking and before January 1, 2024, ; and (2) by adding at the end the following: Any such increase made for purposes of payment for services furnished on or after January 1, 2024, shall not be applied in a budget neutral manner. . (b) Practice expense geographic indices Section 1848(e)(1)(I) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395w–4(e)(1)(I) ) is amended— (1) in the header, by striking for services furnished in frontier states ; (2) in clause (i), by inserting and for purposes of payment for services furnished in any State on or after January 1, 2024, after 2011, ; and (3) in clause (ii), by inserting before January 1, 2024, after furnished .