; (2) preempts the ability of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency under part A of title II of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7521 et seq. ) to promulgate standards applicable to the emission of any air pollutant from any class or classes of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines which, in the judgment of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, causes, or contributes to, air pollution; or (3) precludes the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from considering, or reduces the obligations of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to consider, all available technologies, including zero-emission technologies, in prescribing the standards required pursuant to section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7521(a) ).