1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Stop Arming Cartels Act of 2023 . 2. Prohibition on rifles capable of firing .50 caliber ammunition (a) In general Chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in section 922, by adding at the end the following: (aa) Rifles capable of firing .50 caliber ammunition (1) In general Except as provided in paragraph (2), it shall be unlawful for any person to import, sell, manufacture, transfer, or possess, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, a rifle capable of firing .50 caliber ammunition. (2) Exceptions (A) Government use Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the importation for, manufacture for, sale to, transfer to, or possession by the United States, a department or agency of the United States, a State, or a department, agency, or political subdivision of a State, of a rifle capable of firing .50 caliber ammunition. (B) Grandfathered rifles Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the sale, transfer, or possession of any rifle otherwise lawfully possessed on or before the date of enactment of the Stop Arming Cartels Act of 2023 . ; and (2) in section 924(a)(1)(B), by striking or (q) and inserting (q), or (aa) . (b) Inclusion of certain rifles as firearms under National Firearms Act (1) In general Section 5845(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking and (8) a destructive device and inserting (8) a destructive device