(5) Cancer survivors of racial and ethnic diversity, as well as lower socioeconomic status, have disproportionately lower health-related, quality-of-life scores compared to non-Hispanic White cancer survivors. (6) Cancer survivors living in rural areas have less access to services and have poorer outcomes than survivors in metropolitan areas. (7) Children, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors are particularly susceptible to long-term consequences from treatment, and up to 80 percent have a severe, disabling, life-threatening, or fatal health condition by the age of 50. Best practices in this area would improve treatment, quality of life, and long-term health outcomes. (8) Clinical trials have shown that cancer survivorship programs help cancer survivors meet or exceed the recommended amount of physical activity, significantly increasing their cardiovascular health and overall quality of life and decreasing their cancer-related fatigue. (9) Despite the National Cancer Institute and other professional organizations’ definition of a cancer survivor beginning on the day of a cancer diagnosis, there is little agreement among clinicians, researchers, and insurance companies on what services are included in survivorship care and the point at which survivorship care begins. (10) Cancer survivors, their families, their caregivers, and their providers face many difficulties understanding and coordinating the transition from specialty to primary care, and for this reason communication and treatment are often fragmented and inconsistent. (11) To avoid additional health-related or financial hardships to cancer survivors and their families, comprehensive and forward-thinking cancer survivorship studies and programs across Federal agencies, in collaboration with States, localities, and medical and professional organizations, are required to engage in a coordinated effort to improve health outcomes and quality of life of survivors. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Cancer survivor The term cancer survivor means an