; (C) $1,200,000 if the violation was committed by a person other than an individual or small business concern on or after the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 ; or (D) $100,000 if the violation was committed by an individual on or after the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 . . 346. Study on airworthiness standards compliance (a) Study The Administrator shall seek to enter into an agreement with a federally funded research and development center to conduct a study, in consultation with appropriate aviation safety engineers of the FAA, on the occurrences and potential consequences of a transport airplane design found to not comply with applicable airworthiness standards. (b) Scope In conducting the study pursuant to subsection (a), the federally funded research and development center shall identify each final airworthiness directive issued by the FAA or another civil aviation authority— (1) applicable to transport airplanes during the 10-year period prior to the date of enactment of this Act; and (2) to address an unsafe condition resulting from an approved design that was noncompliant with an applicable airworthiness standard. (c) Requirements For each such airworthiness directive identified under subsection (b), the federally funded research and development center shall examine— (1) the airworthiness standard with which the transport airplane failed to comply; (2) the resulting unsafe condition and whether such condition resulted in an accident; (3) the methods by which the noncompliance was discovered and brought to the attention of the FAA or another civil aviation authority, to the extent such methods can be identified; (4) an analysis of the method used by the applicant to show compliance during the certification process and whether other compliance methods may have reasonably identified the noncompliance during the certification process; (5) the date of approval of the relevant type design and the date of issuance of the airworthiness directive