; (2) the validation and certification timeline and structure of the FAA; (3) existing remote tower technologies to the extent possible to inform technology maturation and improvements; (4) new and developing remote tower technologies and the extent to which remote tower systems enable the introduction of advanced technological capabilities; and (5) collaborating with the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic controllers of the FAA certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code. (c) Savings clause Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or otherwise delay testing, validating, certifying, or deploying remote tower technologies conducted under section 47124 title 49, United States Code. 1028. Air traffic control training (a) Research Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Administrator shall carry out a research program to evaluate opportunities to modernize, enhance, and streamline on-the-job training and training time for individuals seeking to become certified professional controllers of the FAA, as required by the Administrator. (b) Requirements In carrying out the research program under subsection (a), the Administrator shall— (1) assess the benefits of deploying and using advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, adaptive computer-based simulation, virtual reality, or augmented reality, or any other technology determined appropriate by the Administrator, to enhance air traffic controller knowledge retention and controller performance, strengthen safety, and improve the effectiveness of training time