the subject of litigation. (2) On August 6, 2020, the President issued an Executive order (E.O. 13942) that directed the Secretary of Commerce to take actions that would have prohibited certain transactions related to TikTok in 45 days if ByteDance failed to divest its ownership of TikTok. The companies and content creators using the TikTok mobile application filed lawsuits challenging those prohibitions, as a result of which two district courts issued preliminary injunctions enjoining the prohibitions. (3) Following the multiple judicial rulings that enjoined the executive branch from enforcing the regulations contemplated in E.O. 13942, on June 9, 2021, the President issued a new Executive order that rescinded E.O. 13942, and directed the Secretary of Commerce to more broadly assess and take action, where possible, against connected software applications that pose a threat to national security. Whereas Congress has passed, and the executive branch has implemented, a ban on ByteDance-controlled applications like TikTok from Government devices because of the national security threat such applications pose