; (B) reflect principles of reciprocity, such that identified needs and areas for growth result in the allocation of both resources and capacity building opportunities to support improvement; and (C) promote equitable opportunities for high-quality teaching and deep learning on a range of academic, socioemotional, and 21st century skills. 4. Decreasing standardized testing frequency for students in grades 3 through 12 (a) Expansion of State educational assessment options Section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 7801 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (53) Combination testing The term combination testing means an educational assessment system in which a State administers grade-span testing using— (A) representative sampling; or (B) matrix sampling. (54) Grade-span testing The term grade-span testing means an educational assessment system in which a State administers each of the assessments described in section 1111(b)(2)(A) once during— (A) grades 3 through 5; (B) grades 6 through 9; and (C) grades 10 through 12. (55) Matrix sampling The term matrix sampling means an educational assessment administration method in which a State— (A) divides the total number of questions on an educational assessment into groups that are comprised of an equal number of questions; (B) divides the students enrolled at an elementary or secondary school who will receive such educational assessment into groups that are comprised of— (i) an equal number of students; and (ii) with respect to each subgroup of students (described in section 1111(b)(2)(B)(xi)), a number of students belonging to such subgroup that is equal to the proportion of— (I) the total number of students enrolled at such school belonging to such subgroup; to (II) the total number of students enrolled at such school