implement data assimilation methods, which may include artificial intelligence, machine learning, data pre- and post-processing, efficient input and output, and next-generation algorithms. (2) Data assimilation university consortium Through the program established pursuant to paragraph (1), the Under Secretary shall establish a consortium consisting of institutions of higher education (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 )) to address critical research challenges for data assimilation and foster a growing data assimilation workforce. The consortium shall seek to— (A) solve critical research issues for data assimilation through innovative research