; (B) exercises and drills to understand possible health system response to the environmental impacts of nuclear war; (C) identifying and addressing capability and capacity gaps for health system response to the environmental impacts of nuclear war; and (D) developing countermeasures to combat the health effects of the environmental impacts of nuclear war. (3) Eligible entities To be eligible to receive a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement described in paragraph (1), an entity shall— (A) be— (i) a nonprofit entity; (ii) a nonprofit research institution; or (iii) an institution of higher education (as defined in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965); and (B) submit an application to the Secretary, at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. (4) Authorization of appropriations To carry out this subsection, there are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028. (c) Assessment and recommendations by the Secretary (1) Assessment The Secretary shall conduct an assessment of the ability of the health systems of the United States to respond to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war, including— (A) an assessment of the possible health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war; (B) an assessment of existing State and Federal governmental preparedness and response authorities, capabilities, protocols, and plans to respond to the likely health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war; (C) an assessment of current countermeasures to address the range of likely health impacts in the event of environmental impacts of nuclear war; (D) an assessment of the current scientific uncertainties relating to the environmental consequences of nuclear war, their health consequences, and their implications for preparedness; (E) recommendations for further scientific research to address any uncertainties identified under subparagraph (D)