1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Return Employees to Understaffed Work Sites to Reopen Now Act of 2023 or the RETURN Act of 2023 . 2. Agency plans to resume in-person operations (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Agency The term agency has the meaning given the term in section 101 of title 31, United States Code. (2) Covered agreement The term covered agreement means an agreement between an agency and a labor organization that— (A) is entered into before the date on which the agency submits a plan under subsection (b)(1); and (B) relates to the resumption of in-person operations by the agency. (3) Employee The term employee means an employee of an agency. (4) Essential Government service The term essential Government service , with respect to an agency, includes— (A) the facilitation of the delivery, receipt, processing, or issuance of a document, fund, or permit; (B) the facilitation of access to public lands or another public space that is open to the public for use; (C) the conduction of an in-person activity or interaction that is required by law to be performed in person