; (3) Ivan Safronov, a correspondent with Russian business dailies Kommersant and Vedomosti, who was sentenced to 22 years in jail on treason charges in September 2022; (4) Sergey Mikhaylov, publisher of independent newspaper Listok, who was arrested for allegedly spreading false information about the Russian military in April 2022; (5) Mikhail Afanasyev, editor-in-chief of the online magazine Novy Fokus, who was arrested and charged with allegedly spreading false information about the Russian military in April 2022; (6) Novaya Gazeta, a landmark independent newspaper founded in 1993, which— (A) suspended operations in Russia in March 2022 after receiving warnings from the authorities citing Russia's Foreign Agents law; and (B) was stripped of its print and online media licenses in September 2022; (7) Meduza, a leading independent bilingual news website based outside of Russia, which— (A) was designated by Russian authorities in January 2023 as an undesirable organization under the 2015 Undesirable Organization Law; and (B) was banned from operating in the Russian Federation; (8) Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, an independent nonprofit media outlet, which was designated by Russian authorities in February 2024 as an undesirable organization under the 2015 Undesirable Organization Law; (9) RusNews, an independent news website with few remaining correspondents in Russia, whose journalists— (A) Maria Ponomarenko was sentenced to 6 years in prison for allegedly spreading false information about the Russian military on February 15, 2023, and is facing a second criminal charge for alleged violation of prison rules; (B) Roman Ivanov was sentenced on March 6, 2024, to 7 years in prison for allegedly disseminating false news on the war in Ukraine; (C) Igor Kuznetsov, who has been in detention since September 2021, was given a 3-year suspended sentence on alleged extremism charges on March 20, 2024, and was given a 6-year prison term on April 5, 2024, for allegedly inciting mass disturbances in group chats on Telegram