1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps Safety Act of 2023 . 2. JROTC program certification Section 2031 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (i) (1) The Secretary of Defense shall permanently suspend any Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps unit that fails to notify the Department of Defense and the Department of Education of allegations that an instructor sexually harassed or assaulted a student participating in the Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps within 48 hours after the institution is notified of the allegation. (2) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives an annual report including information on units suspended pursuant to this subsection and a justification for the reinstatement of any such unit. . 3. Department of Defense climate surveys Section 481 of title 10, United States Code, is amended— (1) in subsection (a)— (A) in paragraph (1), by striking four surveys and inserting five surveys ; and (B) in paragraph (2)— (i) by striking four surveys and inserting five surveys