; (2) the Government of Vietnam has made substantial progress toward— (A) respecting the right to freedom of religion, including the right to participate in religious activities and institutions without interference, harassment, or involvement of the Government, for all of Vietnam’s diverse religious communities; and (B) returning estates and properties confiscated from the churches and religious communities; (3) the Government of Vietnam has made substantial progress toward respecting the right to in-person and online freedom of expression, assembly, and association, including the release of independent journalists, bloggers, and democracy and labor activists; (4) the Government of Vietnam has made substantial progress toward repealing or revising laws that criminalize peaceful dissent, independent media, unsanctioned religious activity, and nonviolent demonstrations and rallies, in accordance with international standards and treaties to which Vietnam is a party; (5) the Government of Vietnam has made substantial progress toward allowing Vietnamese nationals free and open access to United States refugee programs; (6) the Government of Vietnam has made substantial progress toward respecting the human rights of members of all ethnic and minority groups