; and (3) the authority granted to Congress under section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution gives Congress the power to enact laws to enforce section 1 of such amendment, including protections against excessive partisan gerrymandering that Federal courts have not enforced because they understand such enforcement to be committed to Congress by the Constitution. I Ranked Choice Voting 101. Requiring ranked choice voting for election of Senators and Representatives (a) In general Title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2001 ( 52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subtitle: C Ranked Choice Voting 1 Requiring Ranked Choice Voting for Election of Senators and Representatives 321. Requiring ranked choice voting for election of Senators and Representatives (a) Ranked choice voting Except as provided in section 205 of the Fair Representation Act, each State shall carry out elections for the office of Senator and the office of Representative in Congress using ranked choice voting, a system under which each voter may rank the candidates for the office in the order of the voter’s preference, and ballots are tabulated, in accordance with the following: (1) In any single-seat election and any election for the office of Senator, the State shall carry out the election using single-seat ranked choice voting as described in section 322(a). (2) In any multi-seat election, the State shall carry out the election using multi-seat ranked choice voting as described in section 322(b). (b) Ballot design (1) In general Each State shall ensure that the ballot used in an ranked choice voting election under this title meets each of the following requirements: (A) The ballot shall allow voters to rank candidates in order of choice. (B) The number of candidates whom a voter may rank in the election, as determined under paragraph (2), shall be uniform for all voters in the election within the State (C) The ballot shall include all qualified candidates for the election and (to the extent