; or (B) entities with previous programmatic experience in preventing adverse childhood experiences or promoting positive childhood experiences. (b) Studies, evaluations, and research (1) In general The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall conduct studies, evaluations, and research to— (A) address adverse childhood experiences, including consideration of the impact of historical trauma in communities disproportionately impacted, as identified by the Secretary, such as American Indians and Alaska Natives and the intersections between historical trauma and adverse childhood experiences; and (B) promote positive childhood experiences. (2) Content The studies, evaluations, and research under this subsection shall— (A) include diverse, nationally representative samples of participants; (B) include at least one longitudinal study; and (C) examine factors including— (i) the strength of the relationship between individual, specific adverse childhood experiences and negative health outcomes; (ii) the intensity and frequency of adverse childhood experiences; (iii) the relative strength of particular risk and protective factors; and (iv) the effect of social, economic, and other community conditions, including historical trauma, on health and well-being. (c) Definitions In this section: (1) Adverse childhood experiences The term adverse childhood experiences means preventable, potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood, and include— (A) experiencing violence, abuse, or neglect; (B) witnessing violence in the home or community; (C) having a family member attempt or die by suicide; and (D) aspects of a child’s environment that can undermine their sense of safety, stability, and bonding, such as growing up in a household where a parent or caregiver struggles with substance use, mental health challenges, or instability due to parental separation or household members being in jail or prison. (2) Child