; (B) soil carbon sequestration; (C) biomass carbon removal and storage; (D) enhanced mineralization; (E) ocean-based carbon dioxide removal; and (F) afforestation or reforestation. (3) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Energy. I Carbon removal research and development A Biomass carbon removal 101. Biomass carbon removal programs (a) Office of science Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act ( 42 U.S.C. 18644 ) is amended— (1) by redesignating subsections (k) and (l) as subsections (l) and (m), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subsection (j) the following: (k) Algal biomass carbon removal (1) In general The Director shall carry out a research and development program to gain understanding of the underlying biology of algal biomass systems and the possible use of algal biomass systems as a means of carbon removal (as defined in section 2 of the Carbon Removal and Emissions Storage Technologies Act of 2023 ) from the air and aquatic sources. (2) Requirements The program carried out under paragraph (1) shall— (A) support efforts to reduce long-term technical barriers for algal biomass with carbon capture; and (B) coordinate closely with the Bioenergy Technologies Office and the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management. . (b) Office of energy efficiency and renewable energy Section 932 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16232 ) is amended— (1) in subsection (b)— (A) in paragraph (5), by striking and after the semicolon; (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period and inserting ; and ; and (C) by adding at the end the following: (7) biological carbon removal (as defined in section 2 of the Carbon Removal and Emissions Storage Technologies Act of 2023 ).