; (B) a summary of data collected or other information available with respect to such rejections and denials, including— (i) standards (if any such standards have been adopted) used by the Secretary for identifying PDP sponsors and MA organizations with relatively high rates of such rejections or denials; and (ii) notable longitudinal trends or other patterns, as determined appropriate by the Secretary; (C) an overview of corrective actions taken and technical assistance provided by the Secretary in response to violations of existing requirements with respect to such rejections and denials; and (D) a description of barriers, if any, preventing the Secretary from taking administrative actions sufficient to identify and address such rejections and denials. (2) Definitions For purposes of this subsection: (A) Inappropriate coverage denial The term inappropriate coverage denial means a denial of coverage of a covered part D drug claim that violates the requirements of this part. (B) Inappropriate pharmacy rejections The term inappropriate pharmacy rejection means a rejection of a covered part D drug claim that violates the requirements of this part, such as through the application of utilization management requirements that the Secretary has not approved. . 16. GAO study on drug shortages Section 1860D–42 of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395w–152 ), as amended by section 15, is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (j) GAO study and report on drug shortages (1) Study The Comptroller General of the United States (in this subsection referred to as the Comptroller General ) shall conduct a study on factors contributing to shortages of covered part D drugs across the outpatient prescription drug supply chain. Such study shall include analysis of— (A) common features of and trends in covered part D drugs that have experienced at least 1 shortage (as defined under section 506C of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act)