; and (2) by striking removed, pursuant to a bilateral or multilateral agreement, to and inserting removed to . 8. Withholding of removal Section 241(b)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1231(b)(3) ) is amended— (1) by adding at the end of subparagraph (A) the following: The burden of proof shall be on the alien to establish that the alien's life or freedom would be threatened in that country, and that race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion would be at least one central reason for such threat.