1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Grant Reform And NIH Transparency Act of 2023 or the GRANT Act of 2023 . 2. NIH database of denials Section 402 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 282 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (p) Database of denials (1) In general The Secretary, acting through the Director of NIH, shall establish and maintain a database of each research proposal that is denied a grant or other award by the National Institutes of Health. (2) Updates The Secretary shall update the contents of the database under paragraph (1) not less than quarterly. (3) Contents The database under paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to each denial described in such paragraph, an explanation of the basis for such denial. (4) Timing (A) Establishment of database The Secretary shall establish the database under paragraph (1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection. (B) Covered denials The database under paragraph (1) shall include all denials described in such paragraph occurring on or after the date of enactment of this subsection. . 3. Access by independent, outside researchers to information on NIH’s internal operations for making awards Section 402 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 282 ), as amended, is further amended by adding at the end the following: (q) Access to NIH data by independent, outside researcher (1) Sharing The Secretary, acting through the Director of NIH, shall share with researchers, on request, information concerning the internal operations of the National Institutes of Health in making awards. (2) Relation to other law The obligation imposed by paragraph (1) to share information applies notwithstanding any other law, including sections 552(b), 552a, and 552b of title 5, United States Code. (3) Information to be shared Except as provided in paragraph (4), the information required to be shared by paragraph (1) includes the following: (A) Individual scores and written comments on funded and unfunded proposals made by