; and (D) any form of spread pricing whereby any amount charged or claimed by the entity or the PBM (as applicable) that exceeds the amount paid to the pharmacies or providers on behalf of the State or entity, including any post-sale or post-invoice fees, discounts, or related adjustments such as direct and indirect remuneration fees or assessments (after allowing for an administrative fee as described in subparagraph (B)) is not allowable for purposes of claiming Federal matching payments under this title. . (b) Definition of pharmacy benefit manager Section 1927(k) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1396r–8(k) ) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (12) Pharmacy benefit manager The term pharmacy benefit manager means any person or entity that, either directly or through an intermediary, acts as a price negotiator or group purchaser on behalf of a State, managed care entity or other specified entity (as such terms are defined in section 1903(m)(9)(D)), or manages the prescription drug benefits provided by such State, managed care entity, or other specified entity, including the processing and payment of claims for prescription drugs, the performance of drug utilization review, the processing of drug prior authorization requests, the managing of appeals or grievances related to the prescription drug benefits, contracting with pharmacies, controlling the cost of covered outpatient drugs, or the provision of services related thereto. Such term includes any person or entity that carries out 1 or more of the activities described in the preceding sentence, irrespective of whether such person or entity calls itself a pharmacy benefit manager . . (c) Conforming amendments Section 1903(m) of such Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1396b(m) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (2)(A)(xiii)— (A) by striking and (III) and inserting (III)