; racist cartoons and caricatures; bureaucratic maneuvers that threatened his racing eligibility; race-based exclusion from certain tracks and competitions on the national circuit; White opponents’ plots and tactics to box him in on the track, cause him to crash, or prevent him from competing in the first place; a post-race choking by a competitor on a racetrack in Taunton, Massachusetts, that left Taylor unconscious; White neighbors’ objections to his purchase of a house in Worcester