; (3) monitor the abundance of species and population stocks, to an extent sufficient to detect a 20 percent population decline over 20 years; (4) improve understanding of the impacts of climate change on marine mammal species and population stocks; and (5) assess the direct and indirect contributions of marine mammals to carbon reduction, including through carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. (c) Promulgation of regulations for listing marine mammals adversely impacted by climate change The Secretary shall, within 120 days after the date of the enactment of this section— (1) publish in the Federal Register for public comment, for a period of not less than 60 days, regulations for listing marine mammal species and population stocks adversely impacted by climate change, alone or in combination or interaction with other factors, as described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a), taking into account both quantitative and qualitative indicators of adverse impacts of climate change and human activities on such species and stocks, including— (A) direct and indirect mortality and serious injury; (B) loss or degradation of habitat; (C) changes in the distribution or availability of prey; (D) changes in the distribution of marine mammal species and population stocks; (E) decreased genetic diversity or reproductive success; (F) increased susceptibility to pathogens; and (G) increased likelihood of interactions with fisheries and other human activities