; (D) a political subdivision of a State or a special district of a State acting as a wholesale water agency; and (E) a contractor performing the management or disposal activities described in subsection (c) for an entity described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (D). (b) Exemption Subject to subsection (c), no person (including the United States, any State, or an Indian Tribe) may recover costs or damages from a protected entity under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ( 42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq. ) for costs arising from a release to the environment of a covered perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance. (c) Requirements Subsection (b) shall only apply if a protected entity transports, treats, disposes of, or arranges for the transport, treatment, or disposal of a covered perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance— (1) in a manner consistent with all applicable laws at the time the activity is carried out; and (2) during and following the conveyance or treatment of water under Federal or State law, including through— (A) the management or disposal of biosolids consistent with section 405 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act ( 33 U.S.C. 1345 ); (B) the discharge of effluent in accordance with a permit issued under section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act ( 33 U.S.C. 1342 ); (C) the release or disposal of water treatment residuals or any other byproduct of drinking water or wastewater treatment activities, such as granulated activated carbon, filter media, and processed waste streams