1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Responsible Budget Targets Act of 2023 . 2. Establishing responsible budget targets (a) In general Title IV of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 ( 2 U.S.C. 651 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: C Establishing responsible budget targets 441. Definitions In this part: (1) Primary balance factor (A) In general The term primary balance factor — (i) with respect to the first fiscal year that begins not less than 180 days after the date of enactment of this part, means 0.0 percentage point; and (ii) except as provided in subparagraph (B), with respect to each fiscal year after the fiscal year described in clause (i), means the sum obtained by adding— (I) the primary balance factor for the previous fiscal year; and (II) (aa) if primary budget authority exceeded revenue for the fiscal year before the previous fiscal year, 0.2 percentage point; and (bb) if revenue exceeded primary budget authority for the fiscal year before the previous fiscal year, −0.2 percentage point. (B) Special rule for first year after primary balance (i) In general For the first fiscal year that begins after the date of a determination that, for a fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this part, revenue exceeded primary budget authority, the term primary balance factor means 0.0 percentage point. (ii) Subsequent adjustment After the first fiscal year described in clause (i), the primary balance factor shall be adjusted in accordance with subparagraph (A)(ii). (2) Primary budget authority The term primary budget authority means all budget authority except for net interest on the debt. (3) Spending ceiling The term spending ceiling , with respect to a fiscal year, means the maximum amount of primary budget authority for the fiscal year, as determined under section 442. (4) Spending growth factor The term spending growth factor , with respect to a fiscal year, means the difference obtained by subtracting— (A) the primary balance factor for the fiscal year