Seattle began to require proof of vaccination against COVID–19 or a negative test in order to enter indoor establishments and venues. (F) In January 2022, the cities of Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Minneapolis, and St. Paul began to require proof of a COVID–19 vaccine in order to enter indoor establishments and venues. (G) On February 15, 2022, Washington, DC, began to require proof of vaccination against COVID–19 in order to enter indoor establishments and venues. (47) Throughout 2021 and 2022, a large number of private employers imposed a COVID–19 vaccine mandate on employees as a condition of employment. This has resulted in widespread discrimination based on vaccination status and loss of employment and employment opportunities. (48) The development, implementation, and utilization of vaccine passports, whether by Federal or State government, or the private sector, has led to significant misuse, abuse, and discrimination against the people of the United States. The use of such passports led to the denial of constitutionally protected freedoms, such as freedom of association and freedom of movement and allowed the government and corporations to track people’s health status on a large-scale basis. (49) The widespread utilization of vaccine passports has led to discrimination by businesses that provide public accommodations requiring a customer to demonstrate his or her health status, through the presentment of a vaccine passport or other papers or by requiring that the customer disclose his or her protected health information, before the business agrees to serve or otherwise do business with such individual, meaning the denial of service in such cases could be based on an individual’s disability, health status, or familial status. (50) Despite the use of vaccine passports and vaccine mandates leading to a clear violation of constitutional rights, there currently exists no clear regulatory framework to fully protect the privacy of United States citizens and United States nationals with respect to their