; and (2) suspend and waive surcharge payments during the pendency of the review. (c) Components of the review of surcharge policy The review referred to in subsection (b) shall include the following: (1) A borrower-by-borrower analysis of surcharges in terms of cost and as a percentage of national spending on debt service on IMF loans, food security, health, and education for the 5-year period beginning January 1, 2018. (2) Evaluation of the policy’s effectiveness at achieving its goals of— (A) disincentivizing large and prolonged reliance on IMF credit; (B) mitigating the credit risks taken by the IMF; (C) improving borrower balance of payments and debt sustainability, particularly during periods of contraction, unrest, public health emergency, high interest rates, and high global prices of commodities; and (D) promoting fiscally responsible policy reforms. (3) Evaluation of the policy’s potential unintended consequences of— (A) incentivizing borrowers to seek opaque and potentially predatory bilateral loans; and (B) hindering the ability of borrowers to repay private creditors and access the private credit market. (4) Recommendations for— (A) identifying alternative sources of funding for the IMF’s precautionary balances that prioritize stable funding sources and equitable burden-sharing among IMF members; and (B) determining whether the Fund should maintain, reform, temporarily suspend, or eliminate the use of surcharges. (5) Extensive consultation with relevant experts, particularly those from countries that are currently paying or have recently paid surcharges. These experts should include government officials responsible for overseeing economic development, fiscal policy, health care and other social services, and defense, as well as experts in global financial policy, global risk analysts, academics, and civil society representatives.