; and (ii) includes machine-manipulated media. (2) Rule of construction Notwithstanding the application of the terms sexually explicit conduct and visual depiction to only minors in chapter 110 and section 1466A, respectively, of title 18, United States Code, the applicability of those terms shall not be limited to minors for purposes of this section. (b) Civil action (1) Right of action (A) In general If an individual 18 years of age or older, or any person that is not an individual, (referred to in this subparagraph as the sender ) knowingly sends an individual (referred to in this subparagraph as the recipient ) a visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce or using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce, without the consent of the recipient, knowing that, or recklessly disregarding whether, the recipient has not provided consent to receive the visual depiction, the recipient may bring a civil action against the sender in an appropriate district court of the United States for relief under paragraph (2). (B) Rights on behalf of certain individuals If an individual who receives a visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct as described in subparagraph (A) is under 18 years of age, incompetent, or incapacitated, a legal guardian of the individual may bring a civil action under that subparagraph on behalf of the individual. (C) Privacy protection for minors (i) In general If a civil action is brought under subparagraph (A) on behalf of an individual who is a minor when the complaint is filed or by an individual who was a minor when the acts giving rise to the civil action took place, the plaintiff may elect to use the plaintiff's initials in all filings with the court. (ii) Requirement If a plaintiff elects to proceed using the plaintiff's initials under clause (i), the court and each other party to the action shall use the plaintiff's initials in— (I) any order, filing, or other such document