; (B) the work experience of the Office of Railroad Safety's Grade Crossing and Trespasser Outreach Division; (C) data from the blocked highway-rail grade crossing portal; and (D) geographic diversity; and (2) provide recommendations to the Secretary for solutions in preventing or reducing occurrences or repeated occurrences where highway-rail grade crossings are blocked for extended periods. (b) Members In establishing the membership to conduct the study described in subsection (a)(1), the National Academy of Sciences shall appoint not fewer than 3 of its members who— (1) are engineering or rail experts; (2) are not railroad carriers, or entities funded by railroad carriers; (3) have relevant experience in railroad safety technology or railroad operating experience; and (4) have no financial ties to the rail industry. (c) Elements The study conducted pursuant to subsection (a)(1) shall— (1) examine any potential impacts to railroad and community safety due to blocked highway-rail grade crossings; (2) identify potential financial impacts incurred by the railroad or its customers due to blocked crossings; (3) identify potential freight network efficiency impacts due to solutions that will reduce or eliminate the impacts of blocked crossings; (4) examine community impacts that result from blocked crossings; (5) examine causes for blocked crossings; (6) examine the potential impacts on railroad operations of the recommendations made in the report submitted pursuant to subsection (c), including reliability of service to customers