; and (2) to promote United States leadership in voluntary consensus standards development organizations that set standards for precision agriculture. 4. Interconnectivity standards for precision agriculture (a) In general Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Federal Communications Commission, shall— (1) develop voluntary, consensus-based, private sector-led interconnectivity standards, guidelines, and best practices for precision agriculture that will promote economies of scale and ease the burden of the adoption of precision agriculture; and (2) in carrying out paragraph (1)— (A) coordinate with relevant public and trusted private sector stakeholders and other relevant industry organizations, including voluntary consensus standards development organizations; and (B) consult with sector-specific agencies, other appropriate agencies, and State and local governments. (b) Considerations The Secretary, in carrying out subsection (a), shall, in consultation with the Federal Communications Commission and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, consider— (1) the evolving demands of precision agriculture; (2) the connectivity needs of precision agriculture equipment; (3) the cybersecurity challenges facing precision agriculture, including cybersecurity threats for agriculture producers and agriculture supply chains; (4) the impact of advanced wireless communications technology on precision agriculture; and (5) the impact of artificial intelligence on precision agriculture. 5. GAO assessment of precision agriculture standards (a) Study Not later than 1 year after the Secretary develops standards under section 4, and every 2 years thereafter for the following 8 years, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study that assesses those standards, including the extent to which those standards, as applicable— (1) are voluntary