1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Chesapeake Bay Conservation Acceleration Act of 2023 . 2. Chesapeake Bay States' Partnership Initiative Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 is amended by inserting after section 1240O ( 16 U.S.C. 3939bb–2 ) the following: 1240Q. Chesapeake Bay States' Partnership Initiative (a) Definition of Chesapeake Bay watershed In this section, the term Chesapeake Bay watershed means— (1) the Chesapeake Bay; (2) the portions of the States of Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia that contain the tributaries, backwaters, and side channels, including their watersheds, that drain into the Chesapeake Bay; and (3) the District of Columbia. (b) Establishment and purpose The Secretary shall carry out a Chesapeake Bay States' Partnership Initiative (referred to in this section as the Initiative ) to assist producers in implementing conservation activities on agricultural lands in the Chesapeake Bay watershed for the purposes of— (1) improving water quality and quantity in the Chesapeake Bay watershed; (2) restoring, enhancing, and preserving soil, air, and related resources in the Chesapeake Bay watershed; and (3) increasing the resilience of agricultural production in the Chesapeake Bay watershed to withstand the impacts of climate change. (c) Conservation activities The Secretary shall deliver the funds made available to carry out this section through applicable programs under this subtitle, including by providing enrollment opportunities that are targeted to the Chesapeake Bay watershed, to assist producers in enhancing land and water resources— (1) by controlling erosion and reducing sediment and nutrient levels in ground and surface water; and (2) by planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating habitat conservation, restoration, and enhancement measures where there is significant ecological value if the land is— (A) retained in its current use