; and (N) any other criteria as determined by the Board, with approval by the Board. (2) Categorical benefit In this subsection, the term categorical benefit means the following: (A) For any transportation infrastructure project: (i) A reduction in surface and air traffic congestion, by road, transit, passenger rail, freight rail, port or inland water travel, or air travel, as measured by reductions in transit, boarding, and total trip times. (ii) An anticipated increase in capacity for existing and expected new ridership or transport use, including by high-speed rail. (iii) A reduction in risks from maintenance decline, or structural failure, over the service life of the project. (iv) The coordination of improvements in commuter passenger operations, freight transport, and new community design, with the demographics of population, economic production, and trade hubs according to a regional infrastructure plan. (v) An overall decline in greenhouse gas emissions from surface and air transportation projects financed by the Bank. (vi) An increase in access to affordable transportation options, to improve access to jobs, affordable housing, schools, medical services, foods and other essential community services. (vii) Improvements in safety for users, passengers, and operators, as measured by a reduction in fatalities and serious injuries. (B) For any environmental infrastructure project: (i) Increased coastal and inland flood mitigation and protection. (ii) Improvements in drinking water, wastewater, or stormwater systems, through the repair, expansion, or replacement of such systems. (iii) A reduction in risk to any public infrastructure from structural failure, or damage, due to weather-related events, cyber or physical attacks, or catastrophic wildfires. (iv) Environmental improvements from the removal of hazardous wastes or chemical pollutants. (C) For any energy infrastructure project not invested in by private companies: (i) Development of a smart grid, with modern security and resiliency systems. (ii)