1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Immigration Court Efficiency and Children's Court Act of 2023 . 2. Establishment and structure of the Children’s Court (a) Establishment of the Children’s Court Chapter 4 of title II of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1221 et seq. ) is amended by inserting after section 240C ( 8 U.S.C. 1230 ) the following: 240D. Children’s Court (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Children's court The term Children's Court means all of the specialized children's dockets described in this section. (2) Director The term Director means the Director of the Executive Office for Immigration Review. (3) Docket The term docket means a grouping of removal proceedings that are held during a dedicated time on a court’s calendar and adjudicated separately from other immigration cases. (b) Establishment The Attorney General shall establish and maintain, within the Executive Office for Immigration Review, specialized children’s dockets for the adjudication of removal proceedings for any individual who— (1) was younger than 18 years of age on the date on which such proceedings were initiated; and (2) (A) was previously determined by the Department of Homeland Security or the Department of Health and Human Services to be an unaccompanied alien child (as defined in section 462(g)(2) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 279(g)(2) )); or (B) is the principal respondent in a proceeding if such individual was referred to the children's docket by an immigration judge, unless such child requests to remain on the court's general docket. (c) Judges (1) Geographic areas The Director shall divide all of the immigration courts into geographical areas with not more than 5 immigration courts in each such area. (2) Designations The Director, in consultation with the Chief Immigration Judge, shall designate— (A) an immigration judge to serve as Chief Children’s Judge for the Children's Court