; and (B) with respect to a vehicle that is not classified as a highly autonomous vehicle by the Secretary of Transportation, the driver of the vehicle. 2731. Prohibition on access to vehicle data (a) In general Except as provided in subsection (b), an investigative or law enforcement officer may not access covered vehicle data unless pursuant to a warrant issued in accordance with the procedures described in rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (or, in the case of a State court, issued using State warrant procedures) by a court of competent jurisdiction, or as otherwise provided in this chapter or sections 104 and 303 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 ( 50 U.S.C. 1804 , 1823). (b) Exceptions (1) Consent (A) In general An investigative or law enforcement officer may access covered vehicle data if— (i) the vehicle operator provides prior consent to such access; and (ii) no passenger 14 years of age or older objects to the access. (B) Vehicle owner If the vehicle operator cannot be located with reasonable effort, the vehicle owner or, in the case of a leased vehicle, the lessee, may provide consent under this paragraph. (C) Unlawful possession No individual may provide or withhold consent under this paragraph or object to another individual accessing covered vehicle data if the individual— (i) is the vehicle operator who is in unlawful possession of the vehicle; or (ii) is a passenger who unlawfully obtained access to the vehicle. (D) Oral consent Consent provided under this paragraph shall be in writing unless— (i) the person providing the consent requests that the consent be made orally