property, joint venture requirements, subsidies, and nontariff barriers, that would level opportunities for trade, investment, and United States influence in the People’s Republic of China. (15) The Government of the People’s Republic of China provides massive subsidies for agriculture, fishery, aluminum and steel, and technology manufacturing and services that distort domestic and global competition in favor of businesses of the People’s Republic of China and at the expense of market access for United States companies. These discriminatory and distortionary policies harm United States security at home and give the Government of the People’s Republic of China unfair advantage in its global competition with the United States. (16) The Government of the People’s Republic of China uses multiple policy tools, including caps on foreign equity ownership, data localization, and other administrative procedures, to coerce foreign companies to transfer technology as a precondition for market access. These policies pose immediate and far-reaching challenges for United States companies and limit market access for United States products and services in ways that Chinese counterparts do not face in the United States market. (17) The internet and online restrictions imposed by the Government of the People’s Republic of China hamper the operations of United States businesses in the People’s Republic of China, and certain United States technology companies have been pushed out and effectively banned from doing business in the People’s Republic of China. (18) Businesses of the People’s Republic of China, both state- and party-owned businesses and private businesses, are tied to representing state and party interests, and the access of those businesses to the United States furthers those interests. (b) Statement of policy It is the policy of the United States— (1) to establish the principle of reciprocity in the relationship between the United States and the People’s Republic of China in order to expose the full range of