; Whereas the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia maintains a hostile environment toward journalists through transnational repression, systematic and arbitrary arrests, torture and inhumane or degrading treatment, lengthy pretrial detentions, and conditional release restrictions, which inhibit reporters and columnists from traveling or returning to their professional work postdetention, including— (1) Abdulrahman Farhana, a columnist detained in February 2019, charged with membership in a terrorist organization; (2) Zuhair Kutbi, a journalist jailed in January 2019, who reportedly suffers from torture, malnourishment, and denial of cancer treatment in prison; and (3) blogger Raif Badawi, who recently completed a 10-year prison sentence on blasphemy and apostasy charges, and who remains subjected to a further 10-year travel ban, which prevents him from reuniting with his family who received asylum in Canada; Whereas, in Sudan, the United Nations Panel of Experts reported that at least 15,000 people died as a result of the Rapid Supports offensive in West Darfur in 2023, and tens of thousands more are believed to have been killed, and over 8,000,000 displaced, and where freedom of the press and the safety of journalists has severely deteriorated, as evidenced by attacks on independent media and the killings, arrests, detentions, harassment, and beatings of journalists, including— (1) the killing of Halima Idris Salim, a 29-year-old reporter for local independent online news outlet Sudan Bukra, on October 10, 2023, when Rapid Support Forces (RSF) soldiers ran her over with their car while she was covering health conditions of a hospital’s emergency wing in Omdurman; (2) reports that the RSF has cut access to telecommunications and internet services since early February 2024, leaving civilians in a communications blackout and making reporting on the war nearly impossible; and (3) the forced closure of all print media in the country, and banning of foreign news channels, forcing of journalists into exile