1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Mental and Physical Health Care Comorbidities Act of 2023 . 2. Establishing a demonstration program to promote collaborative treatment of mental and physical health comorbidities under the Medicare program Title XVIII of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq. ) is amended by inserting after section 1866F the following new section: 1866H. Mental and physical health comorbidities collaborative demonstration program (a) In general Consistent with the model described in section 1115A(b)(2)(B)(xv) (relating to promoting improved quality and reduced cost by developing a collaborative of high-quality, low-cost health care institutions), the Secretary shall conduct a demonstration program (in this section referred to as the ‘program’) to test and evaluate innovations implemented by eligible hospitals (as defined in subsection (f)) in the furnishing of items and services to applicable individuals (as defined in subsection (f)) with mental and physical health comorbidities (and those at risk of developing such comorbidities), including by addressing the adverse social determinants of health that such individuals often experience. (b) Activities under program Under the program, the Secretary shall, in coordination with eligible hospitals participating in the program— (1) identify, validate, and disseminate innovative, effective evidence-based best practices and models that improve care and outcomes for applicable individuals with mental and physical health comorbidities located in vulnerable communities, including by addressing the social determinants of health that adversely impact such individuals