1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Humane and Existing Alternatives in Research and Testing Sciences Act of 2022 or the HEARTS Act of 2022 . 2. Findings Congress finds the following: (1) The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has supported life-saving research that has greatly improved the health and well-being not only of Americans but also of people around the world. (2) Much of this research has relied on animals. It is estimated that between 17,000,000 and 100,000,000 animals are used annually in the United States in research, education, and testing. However, the precise number of animals used in research in the United States is unknown. Such imprecise numbers make it impossible to effectively track and reduce the numbers of animals used. (3) According to the NIH, approximately 30 percent of promising medications have failed in human clinical trials because they are found to be toxic despite promising pre-clinical studies in animal models. About 60 percent of candidate drugs fail due to lack of efficacy. . These statistics indicate that new, human-focused biology is needed. (4) The laboratory use of animals has also long been a matter of public concern because, among other things, there is very little publicly available data provided by the NIH about the number and species of animals used in research. (5) Effective alternatives to animals are becoming available, and their number is growing. Cutting-edge technologies have forged new frontiers in toxicology, biology, and medicine that have produced human-relevant models, including organoid cell cultures, multiphysiological systems, genomics, induced pluripotent adult stem cells, 3D modeling with human cells, molecular imaging, computer models, in silico trials, digital imaging, artificial intelligence, and other innovative methods, all of which have launched a technological revolution in biomedical research. (6) The Animal Welfare Act ( Public Law 89–544 ) requires researchers to consider alternatives to animal use for painful procedures and stresses