; and (ii) attempts to use a governmental process, as opposed to the outcome of that process, to interfere with the business of a competitor; or (B) a series of covered petitions that attempts to use a governmental process, as opposed to the outcome of that process, to interfere with the business of a competitor. (b) Violation A person submitting or causing the submission of a covered petition or a series of covered petitions that is a sham shall be liable for engaging in an unfair method of competition under section 5(a)(1) of the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 45(a)(1) ). (c) Civil action (1) In general If the Commission has reason to believe that the submission of a covered petition or a series of covered petitions constitutes a violation of section 5(a)(1) of the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 45(a)(1) ), the Commission may commence a civil action to recover a civil penalty and seek other appropriate relief in a district court of the United States against any person that submitted or caused to be submitted such covered petition or such series of covered petitions. (2) Presumption In a civil action under paragraph (1), a covered petition shall be presumed to be part of a series of covered petitions that is a sham under subsection (b) of this section if— (A) the Secretary of Health and Human Services— (i) has determined that the covered petition was submitted with the primary purpose of delaying the approval of a covered application; and (ii) has referred such determination to the Commission in writing, including a reasoned basis for the determination