; (iv) recognizes the advantages that multinational training exercises and joint research and education programs with NATO allies have offered for interoperability and readiness; and (v) welcomes the addition of Finland as the 31st member of the NATO Alliance and supports the swift accession of Sweden as an additional member. 3. Sense of congress It is the sense of Congress that— (1) the President shall not withdraw the United States from NATO; and (2) the case Goldwater v. Carter is not controlling legal precedent with respect to the withdrawal of the United States from a treaty. 4. Statement of policy It is the policy of the United States— (1) to remain a member in good standing of NATO; (2) to reject any efforts to withdraw the United States from NATO, or to indirectly withdraw from NATO by condemning or reducing contributions to NATO structures, activities, or operations, in a manner that creates a de facto withdrawal; (3) to continue to work with NATO members to meet their 2014 Wales Defense Investment Pledge commitments; and (4) to support robust United States funding for the European Deterrence Initiative, which increases the ability of the United States and its allies to deter and defend against Russian aggression. 5. Prohibition on the use of funds to withdraw from nato Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no funds are authorized to be appropriated, obligated, or expended to take any action to withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, DC, on April 4, 1949, between the United States and the other founding members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.