; and (B) was not developed by the online service. (e) Relation to section 230 of the communications act of 1934 Nothing in section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 ( 47 U.S.C. 230 ) shall be construed to impair or limit any claim brought under this section for conduct relating to child exploitation. (f) Rules of construction (1) Applicability to legal process Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to any action by a provider of an interactive computer service that is necessary to comply with a valid court order, subpoena, search warrant, statutory obligation, or preservation request from law enforcement. (2) Knowledge with respect to each item required For purposes of conduct relating to child exploitation described in subsection (d)(2)(B), the term knowing shall be construed to mean knowledge of each item of child pornography that the provider hosted, stored, or made available. (g) Encryption technologies (1) In general Notwithstanding subsection (a), none of the following actions or circumstances shall serve as an independent basis for liability of a provider of an interactive computer service for conduct relating to child exploitation: (A) The provider utilizes full end-to-end encrypted messaging services, device encryption, or other encryption services. (B) The provider does not possess the information necessary to decrypt a communication. (C) The provider fails to take an action that would otherwise undermine the ability of the provider to offer full end-to-end encrypted messaging services, device encryption, or other encryption services. (2) Consideration of evidence Nothing in paragraph (1) shall be construed to prohibit a court from considering evidence of actions or circumstances described in that paragraph if the evidence is otherwise admissible. (h) Defense In a claim under subsection (a) involving knowing conduct relating to child exploitation described in subsection (d)(2)(B), it shall be a defense, which the provider must establish by a preponderance of the evidence, that— (1) the