; or (II) on the Entity List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce and set forth in Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations; and (2) an action described in paragraph (1) is made with respect to a foreign official, or any foreign political party or official thereof, if, among other reasons, the action is taken in response to— (A) a request of any foreign official, or any foreign political party or official thereof, as applicable; (B) an injury or threat of injury, by means of economic coercion, to the applicable issuer, or to an officer, director, employee, or agent of the applicable issuer, made by any foreign official or any foreign political party or official thereof; or (C) a material action or announcement, including with respect to policy, by the Chinese Communist Party, the Government of the People’s Republic of China, or instrumentalities of the Government of the People’s Republic of China from which the action would rationally follow. (i) Special rules Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, with respect to a violation of subsection (a) or (g) that is based on an action taken corruptly as described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (D) of subsection (h)(1)— (1) the affirmative defenses under subsection (c) shall not be available; (2) it shall be an affirmative defense to actions under subsection (a) or (g) that the payment, gift, offer, or promise of anything of value that was made, as of the date on which it was made, had a reasonable business purpose, which does not include a purpose relating to— (A) advertising, marketing, or public relations; or (B) entering into or obtaining any agreement, license, permit, or other arrangement with respect to market access to a jurisdiction of a government; (3) notwithstanding section 32— (A) only a penalty described in subsection (c)(1)(B) or (c)(2)(B) of that section may apply with respect to the violation