; Whereas acclaimed Black architects including Vertner Woodson Tandy, George Washington Foster, John Lewis Wilson, and Norma Merrick Sklarek all helped to transform the Harlem landscape; Whereas acclaimed photographers James Van Der Zee, Morgan and Marvin Smith, Austen Hansen, and Gordon Parks were known as the unofficial chroniclers of African-American life in Harlem and their vast portfolios of formal and informal photographs help to provide a resounding visual legacy of this moment in history; Whereas the Harlem Renaissance is remembered for the literature that came from the movement, including Home to Harlem by Claude McKay, Not Without Laughter by Langston Hughes, The Infants of the Spring by Wallace Thurman, Smoke Lillies and Jade by Richard Bruce Nugent, Black No More by George Schuyler, and Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, and publisher and writer Dorothy West’s The Living is Easy ; Whereas the development of Harlem as a Black cultural mecca in the early 20th century and the subsequent social and artistic movements that produced a golden era in African-American culture manifested in dance, design, architecture, poetry, literature, politics, fashion, scholarship, music and stage performance, and art; Whereas Harlem attracted a remarkable concentration of intellect and talent and served as the symbolic capital of this cultural awakening, while other New York City neighborhoods, as well as communities in Chicago, Cleveland, and Los Angeles, also nurtured social and creative movements; Whereas the Harlem Renaissance embraced literary, musical, theatrical, and visual arts, its participants also sought to foster a new image of the Negro that challenged the racist and derogatory stereotypes with which Whites had characterized Black people and instead sought to engender pride in Black culture and heritage