of dual-circulation , both policies which are overseen by General Secretary Xi Jinping, that seek to transfer into the PRC the globe’s innovative technical ideas and products, produce them domestically for their own large population, and then sell them abroad to obtain growing shares of foreign markets, all the while protecting those domestic businesses from foreign competition. (10) To further support dual-circulation and speed its MIC2025 developments, the PRC uses officially sanctioned tools such as unfair government subsidies, state-sponsored talent acquisition programs, lax labor and environmental regulations, coerced foreign investments and acquisitions, direct state investments and policy direction, burdensome paperwork requirements for foreign firms, and forced transfers of intellectual property. (11) The CCP broadly uses a national concept of military-civil fusion to adapt and adopt civilian technologies—either domestically produced or taken from abroad—to boost its military capabilities. (12) The CCP has over the past few years and especially in 2023, broadened and deepened the scope of its counterintelligence and data security laws, along with the use of these laws against businesses from other countries. (13) MIC2025 is rapidly coming to a close, and the next steps include a CCP desire to dominate international standard setting by 2035 and be the global leader in technological innovation, manufacturing, industrial production, and military capabilities by 2049, supported by its 14th Five Year Plan and its National Medium- to Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan. These plans’ intentions focus on basic science, domestication of critical commercial areas and getting the PRC to the forefront of this century's critical technologies . 2. Publicly-known malign CCP actions supporting its MIC2025 goals The House of Representatives finds the following: (1) In March 2023, the PRC Commerce Minister stated that 2023 would be a year of Invest[ing] in China , in front of global business executives,