; (C) What is known about how payment rates for cesarean and vaginal births by Medicaid programs compare with the payment rates for such births by other sources of insurance coverage; (D) Such other factors related to payment rates for cesarean and vaginal births under Medicaid as the Comptroller General determines appropriate. (2) Report Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report containing the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1), together with recommendations for such legislation and administrative action as the Comptroller General determines appropriate. (c) Gao study on racial disparities in cesarean births (1) In general The Comptroller General shall conduct a study on racial disparities in the frequency of cesarean births. To the extent feasible and data are available, the study shall compare such information on low- and high-risk cesarean births, differences by payer (such as Medicaid and private payers), and hospital characteristics (such as location or hospital type). Such study may consider other factors related to racial disparities in maternal health as the Comptroller General deems appropriate. (2) Report Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report containing the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1), together with recommendations for such legislation and administrative action as the Comptroller General determines appropriate. (d) Medicare requirement for hospitals To report data on cesarean births (1) Requirement Section 1866(a)(1) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395cc(a)(1) ) is amended— (A) by moving the indentation of subparagraph (W) 2 ems to the left; (B) in subparagraph (X)— (i) by moving the indentation 2 ems to the left; and (ii) by striking and at the end; (C) in subparagraph (Y), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and