; revocation The Secretary concerned shall suspend or revoke a permit that is conditionally issued or conditionally reinstated if the relevant violation is not successfully abated or is upheld on appeal. (d) Pattern of willful violation No permit may be issued under this Act to any applicant if there is a demonstrated pattern of willful violations of the environmental protection requirements of this Act by the applicant, an affiliate of the applicant, or the operator or claim, license, or lease holder if different than the applicant. 306. Financial assurance (a) Financial assurance required (1) Form of assurance After a permit is issued under this title and before any exploration or operations begin under the relevant permit, the operator shall file with the Secretary concerned evidence of financial assurance payable to the United States, which shall be provided in the form of a surety bond, letters of credit, certificates of deposit, or cash. (2) Covered activities The financial assurance required under paragraph (1) shall cover all land within the initial permit area and all affected waters that may require restoration, treatment, or other management as a result of mineral activities, and shall be extended to cover all land and water added to the permit area pursuant to any permit modification made under section 303(e) or 304(e) or affected by mineral activities within the permit area. (b) Amount (1) In general The amount of the financial assurance required under this section shall be sufficient to ensure the completion of reclamation satisfying the requirements of this Act if the work were to be performed by the Secretary concerned, or by a third-party contractor hired by the Secretary concerned, in the event of forfeiture, including the construction and maintenance costs for any treatment facilities necessary to meet Federal and State environmental requirements. (2) Calculation The calculation of the amount under paragraph (1) shall take into account the maximum estimated cost of reclamation, as determined by