; and (B) assess for themselves the extent that foreign influence should be considered when analyzing the credibility and value of research and scholarship produced by such think tanks that receive foreign funds. (5) The United States House of Representatives has recognized the national security issues inherent in undue foreign influence of entities with covert sources of foreign funding that testify before Congress. Since 2015, representatives of entities who testify before the United States House of Representatives have been required to disclose relevant foreign funding sources directed to them or their employers in Truth-in-Testimony disclosure forms required under clause 2(g)(5) of rule XI of the Rules of the House of Representatives. (6) Almost 30 years ago, Congress enacted section 117 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1011f ) (hereinafter referred to as section 117 ) in light of concerns about the growing financial relationship between universities in the United States and foreign sources. In enacting that legislation, Congress balanced academic freedom and national security by mandating financial transparency through required reporting of contracts with, and gifts from, any foreign source. (7) Section 117 does not prohibit institutions of higher education from taking foreign money, but rather mandates accurate and transparent disclosures of sources and amounts received by those institutions to the Department of Education. In 2019, the Department of Education took concrete steps to enforce section 117 by ensuring the integrity of reporting requirements, confirming the correct reporting and categorization of donations, and prohibiting the use of domestic conduits and intermediaries to avoid the disclosures of foreign gifts. (8) Between 2011 and 2021, the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as Russia ) gave not less than $160,000,000 to universities in the United States. The People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China ) alone gave not less than $2,700,000,000 to