; and (3) in 40 countries journalists, bloggers, human rights activists, and others experienced physical violence in retaliation for expressing themselves online; Whereas the Department of Justice in January 2023 charged 3 men in an alleged plot that originated in Iran to kill Masih Alinejad, an opposition activist who worked for years as a journalist in Iran, has worked for Voice of America’s Farsi-language network since 2015, and is now a United States citizen; Whereas Reporters Without Borders reports that 55 journalists were killed in 2022 (including 7 women journalists), an almost 15-percent increase compared with 2021, and that more than 60 percent of those killed lost their lives in countries considered to be at peace rather than in conflict zones; Whereas, according to Reporters Without Borders, 547 journalists and 21 media workers were imprisoned as of April 6, 2023; Whereas the Freedom to Write Index 2022, published by PEN America, noted that at least 311 writers and public intellectuals, including columnists and editorial journalists, were jailed across 36 different countries during 2022; Whereas, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists— (1) at least 67 journalists and media workers were killed around the world in 2022, at least 41 in direct connection to their work, an almost 50-percent increase from 2021, driven by a high number of journalist deaths related to coverage of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and a sharp uptick of journalist deaths in Latin America; (2) more than half of the 67 killings occurred in 3 countries: Ukraine (15), Mexico (13), and Haiti (7); (3) the deadliest region for journalists on assignment was Latin America, whose 30 slain journalists accounted for nearly half of the global total; (4) the vast majority of killers of journalists continue to get away with murder, and the perpetrators have faced no punishment in nearly 80 percent of the 263 cases of journalists murdered in retaliation for their work globally between September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2022