; (2) assembling and maintaining a large study population of individuals with Down syndrome; (3) expanding the number of clinical trials that are inclusive of, or expressly for, individuals with Down syndrome, including novel biomedical and pharmacological interventions and other therapies designed to promote or enhance activities of daily living; (4) the biological mechanisms in individuals with Down syndrome responsible for structural and functional anomalies in cells, tissues, and organs, cognitive and behavioral dysfunction, and stunted growth; (5) the identification of biomarkers for the detection of risk factors, diagnosis, and customized interventions and treatments for conditions co-occurring with Down syndrome; (6) why several co-occurring conditions, such as Alzheimer’s Disease and autoimmunity, are prevalent in individuals with Down syndrome and how such conditions can be treated concurrently with Down syndrome; and (7) improving the quality of life of individuals with Down syndrome and their families. (c) Coordination; prioritizing nonduplicative research The Secretary shall ensure that— (1) the programs and activities of the institutes, centers, agencies, and offices of the National Institutes of Health relating to Down Syndrome and co-occurring conditions are coordinated, including through the Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives under sections 402(b)(7) and 402A(c)