; (7) social inequities, such as differing access to quality health care, healthy food and safe drinking water, safe and affordable neighborhoods, education, job security, and reliable transportation, which affect health risks and outcomes; (8) exclusionary disciplinary practices (such as detention and suspension) in primary education and even early education settings, which disproportionately affect children from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds, particularly Black children; and (9) that, as much as 60 percent of the health of a person in the United States can be determined by their ZIP Code; Whereas structural racism perpetuates ongoing knowledge gaps in data, research, and development, which produces unintended negative health outcomes for members of racial and ethnic minority groups; Whereas examples of that structural racism include that— (1) most participants in clinical trials are White, so there is insufficient data to develop evidence-based recommendations for people from racial and ethnic minority groups; (2) medical research equipment and medical devices are typically developed by majority-White teams and therefore can have racial blind spots unintentionally built into their design, rendering them less effective for people from racial and ethnic minority groups, such as— (A) electroencephalogram electrodes used in neuroimaging research do not collect reliable data when used on scalps with thick, curly hair; and (B) pulse oximeters produce less accurate oxygen saturation readings when used on fingertips with darker skin; (3) a lack of images depicting darker skin in medical textbooks, literature, and journals contributes to higher rates of underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis in patients with darker skin; and (4) many health-related studies fail to include data on American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders, or do not disaggregate data among those groups, leading to their invisibility in health data and unjust resource allocation and policies