; (2) assess automated vehicle computing loads and capabilities; (3) improve onboard sensing and external connectivity, including Vehicle-to-Vehicle, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, and Vehicle-to-Everything; (4) maximize vehicle energy efficiency for connected vehicles under real-world driving conditions; (5) assess methods to use autonomous vehicles or connectivity to improve roadway throughput; (6) research advance autonomous refueling and charging technologies and infrastructure; (7) apply machine learning with high performance computing resources to large industry datasets from providers and cities to develop predictive capabilities for the transportation system; (8) optimize systems for mobility, grid and buildings to support vehicle electrification and vehicle automation from light duty to heavy duty with grid stability, demand response, and reliability; and (9) carry out other innovative energy focused research and development areas as determined by the Secretary. 13. Coordination (a) In general In carrying out the activities under this Act, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, coordinate research, development, and demonstration activities among— (1) relevant programs of the Department, including programs carried out by— (A) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; (B) the Office of Science; (C) the Office of Electricity; (D) the Office of Fossil Energy; (E) the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response; (F) the Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy; (G) the Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations; and (H) other offices as determined by the Secretary; and (2) relevant technology research and development programs of other Federal agencies, including— (A) the Department of Transportation; (B) the National Institute of Standards & Technology; (C) the National Science Foundation; (D) the Department of Defense