; and (B) the expertise of providers and the value of items and services furnished by such providers. (b) Leveraging existing medicare payment processes (1) Application of payment processes under title XVIII Except as otherwise provided in this section, the Secretary shall establish, and shall annually update by regulation, the fee schedule under subsection (a) in a manner that is documented, is transparent, allows for public comment, and, to the greatest extent practicable, is consistent with processes for determining, revising, and making payments for items and services under title XVIII of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq. ), including the application of the provisions of, and amendments made by, section 613. (2) Electronic billing The Secretary shall establish a uniform national system for electronic billing for purposes of making payments under this section. (c) Application of current and planned payment reforms To the extent the Secretary determines such application is necessary to ensure a smooth and fair transition, the Secretary may apply payment reform activities planned or implemented with respect to such title XVIII as of the date of the enactment of this Act, including demonstrations, waivers, or any other provider payment agreements, to benefits under the Medicare for All Program, provided that the Secretary sets forth a process for reviewing such applications and making such determinations that is reasonable, transparent, and documented, and allows for public comment. (d) Physician practice review board Each director of a regional office, in consultation with representatives of physicians practicing in that region, shall establish and appoint a physician practice review board to assure quality, cost effectiveness, and fair reimbursements for physician-delivered items and services. The use of mechanisms that discriminate against people with disabilities is prohibited for use in any value or cost-effectiveness assessments. 613. Accurate valuation of services under the Medicare