; 132 Stat. 59 et seq.), there were two sections of the Nansemond Tribe, one of which remained in Virginia and was accorded Federal recognition in 2018 concurrently with five other Tribes still resident in Virginia by that same statute. (7) Another section of the Nansemond Tribe had migrated to North Carolina due to hostilities in Virginia, and today enrolled citizens of the Haliwa Saponi Indian Tribe include lineal descendants of those Nansemond. (8) After the American Revolution (1775–1783), the Nansemond and Saponi merged together for mutual protection and survival in Halifax, Warren, Nash, and Franklin Counties, in an area known as The Meadows . (9) Among the surrounding communities, the Haliwa Saponi Indian Tribe has often been referred to as the Meadows Indians . (10) In 1889, Warren County, North Carolina resident G.B. Alston wrote to the Smithsonian Institution anthropologist James Mooney and confirmed the residence of a Tribe of 300–600 Indians in the Meadows in Halifax and Warren Counties. (11) The Tribe has continually existed as a separate community, with leaders exhibiting clear political authority. (12) While local non-Indians recognized the Indian and Tribal identity of the Haliwa Saponi, others insisted on classifying Tribal citizens as colored rather than Indian, due to segregation. (13) During the era of school segregation, the Tribe opened its own school, the Haliwa Indian School, operated with the Tribe’s own funds. (14) Since 1957 the State of North Carolina has had continuous dealings with the recognized political leaders of the Haliwa Saponi. (15) In 1957, the Tribe opened the Haliwa Indian School. (16) Between 1960 and 1963, students from the Haliwa Saponi Indian Tribe attended Bacone College for Indians in Muscogee, Oklahoma. (17) In 1965, the Haliwa Saponi Indian Tribe won a lawsuit against the North Carolina Division of Vital Statistics to correct the race of Haliwa Saponi citizens on official records to read Indian . (18) In 1965 the State of North Carolina took formal legislative