; Vehicle-to-Vehicle link program (a) Study and briefing on ADS–B out equipage (1) Study Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a study to determine— (A) the number of aircraft registered in the United States, and any other aerial vehicles operating in the airspace of the United States, that are not equipped with Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast out equipment (in this section referred to as ADS–B out ); (B) the requirements for, and impact of, expanding the dual-link architecture that is used below an altitude of flight level 180; (C) the costs and benefits of equipage of ADS–B out; (D) the costs and benefits of any accommodation made for aircraft with inoperable ADS–B out; (E) reasons why aircraft owners choose not to equip or use an aircraft with ADS–B out; and (F) ways to further incentivize aircraft owners to equip and use aircraft with ADS–B out. (2) Briefing Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress on the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1). (b) Vehicle-to-vehicle link program Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Chair of the Federal Communications Commission, shall establish an interagency coordination program to advance vehicle-to-vehicle link initiatives that— (1) enable the real-time digital exchange of key information between nearby aircraft