1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Protecting America’s Orchardists and Nursery Tree Growers Act . 2. Tree assistance program (a) Definitions Section 1501(e)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(1) ) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting or biennial after annual ; and (2) in subparagraph (B), by inserting or pest after insect . (b) Lowering mortality threshold Section 1501(e) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081(e) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking 15 percent (adjusted for normal mortality) and inserting normal mortality ; (2) in paragraph (3)(A)(i), by striking 15 percent mortality (adjusted for normal mortality) and inserting normal mortality ; and (3) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking 15 percent damage or mortality (adjusted for normal tree damage and mortality and inserting normal tree damage or mortality . (c) Assistance Section 1501(e)(3) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081(e)(3) ) is amended in the matter before subparagraph (A) by striking and (5) and inserting (5), and (6) . (d) Requirements with respect to assistance Section 1501(e) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081(e) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (6) Timing requirements An eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower shall agree, as a condition on receipt of assistance under this subsection, to carry out any replacement and rehabilitation activities for which such assistance is provided not later than— (A) 12 months after the application for such assistance is approved; or (B) if the period specified in subparagraph (A) is not adequate for tree survival, at such time as is necessary to ensure tree survival. (7) Alternatives used in replanting (A) In general An eligible orchardist or nursery tree grower receiving assistance under this subsection with respect to tree loss may use such assistance to replant using— (i) an alternative variety; (ii) an alternative stand density