; (B) any action or proceeding based on any act committed prior to such date; or (C) any rights or duties that matured or penalties that were incurred prior to such date. (2) Definition For the purpose of this subsection, the term national emergency means a general declaration of emergency made by the President or any other officer or employee of the executive branch. (c) Termination of authority To declare emergency To the extent that any Act of Congress in effect on the date of enactment of this Act grants to the President or any other officer or employee of the executive branch the power to declare a national emergency, such power is hereby divested to the Congress alone. 4. Requirement of statement of authority for presidential orders (a) Statement of authority The President shall include with each Presidential order a statement of the specific statutory or constitutional provision which in fact grants the President the authority claimed for such action. (b) Invalidity of nonconforming orders A Presidential order which does not include the statement required by subsection (a) is invalid, to the extent such Presidential order is issued under authority granted by a congressional enactment. 5. Effect of presidential orders (a) Limited effect of presidential orders A Presidential order neither constitutes nor has the force of law and is limited in its application and effect to the executive branch. (b) Exceptions Subsection (a) does not apply to— (1) a reprieve or pardon for an offense against the United States, except in cases of impeachment; (2) an order given to military personnel pursuant to duties specifically related to actions taken as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces; or (3) a Presidential order citing the specific congressional enactment relied upon for the authority exercised in such order and— (A) issued pursuant to such authority; (B) commensurate with the limit imposed by the plain language of such authority