; and (B) cost savings and avoidance of $5,800,000,000. (4) The need of the Federal Government for access to data and data processing systems has evolved since the date of enactment in 2014 of subtitle D of title VIII of the Carl Levin and Howard P. Buck McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015. (5) Federal agencies and employees involved in mission critical functions increasingly need reliable access to secure, reliable, and protected facilities to house mission critical data and data operations to meet the immediate needs of the people of the United States. (6) As of the date of enactment of this subtitle, there is a growing need for Federal agencies to use data centers and cloud applications that meet high standards for cybersecurity, resiliency, and availability. (b) Minimum requirements for new data centers Section 834 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. Buck McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 ( 44 U.S.C. 3601 note; Public Law 113–291 ) is amended— (1) in subsection (a), by striking paragraphs (3) and (4) and inserting the following: (3) New data center The term new data center means— (A) (i) a data center or a portion thereof that is owned, operated, or maintained by a covered agency; or (ii) to the extent practicable, a data center or portion thereof— (I) that is owned, operated, or maintained by a contractor on behalf of a covered agency on the date on which the contract between the covered agency and the contractor expires; and (II) with respect to which the covered agency extends the contract, or enters into a new contract, with the contractor; and (B) on or after the date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of the Federal Data Center Enhancement Act of 2023, a data center or portion thereof that is— (i) established; or (ii) substantially upgraded or expanded.