; (3) the enactment of immigration laws in the United States that scapegoated Asians, separated families, and branded Asians as perpetual outsiders, such as— (A) the Act entitled An Act supplementary to the Acts in relation to immigration , approved March 3, 1875 (commonly known as the Page Act of 1875 ) (18 Stat. 477, chapter 141), which effectively prohibited the entry of East Asian women into the United States; (B) the Act entitled An Act to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to Chinese , approved May 6, 1882 (commonly known as the Chinese Exclusion Act ) (22 Stat. 58, chapter 126), which banned thousands of Chinese-born laborers, who were essential in the completion of the transcontinental railroad and development of the West Coast of the United States; and (C) the Act entitled An Act to regulate the immigration of aliens to, and the residence of aliens in, the United States , approved February 5, 1917 (commonly known as the Immigration Act of 1917 ) (39 Stat. 874, chapter 29), which barred all immigrants from the Asiatic zone and prevented the migration of individuals from South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia; (4) during the Great Depression Era, the deportation of approximately 1,800,000 individuals based on their Mexican ethnic identity, although approximately 60 percent of the deported individuals were citizens of the United States, and the targeting of individuals of Mexican descent for repatriation due to scapegoating efforts, which blamed those individuals for stealing jobs from real Americans; and (5) in 1942, the issuance of Executive Order 9066 which began the forced evacuation and detention of Japanese American West Coast residents, placing 70,000 citizens of the United States into relocation centers