; 50 U.S.C. 1541 note), which was enacted on October 16, 2002, do not serve as specific statutory authorizations for the use of force against Niger. (5) Since 2013, members of the United States Armed Forces have been introduced into hostilities with terrorist organizations and insurgent groups in the Republic of Niger, including through direct exchanges of fire with such groups. (6) On October 4, 2017, 4 members of the United States Armed Forces, Staff Sergeant Bryan Black, Staff Sergeant Jeremiah Johnson, Sergeant La David Johnson, and Staff Sergeant Dustin Wright, were killed in an attack by a regional Islamic State affiliate near the village of Tongo Tongo in western Niger. (7) On December 6, 2017, members of the United States Armed Forces engaged in a firefight and reportedly killed 11 members of a regional Islamic State affiliate in southeastern Niger. (8) On July 26, 2023, a coup d’etat occurred in Niger when the presidential guard detained the duly-elected President Mohamed Bazoum, and a military junta, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, was established under the leadership of presidential guard commander general Abdourahamane Tchiani. (9) The coup d’etat triggered a regional conflict in which the Economic Community of West African States declared that it has chosen an undisclosed timeframe for possible military intervention in Niger to restore President Bazoum to power. (10) The regional conflict resulting from the coup d’etat threatens to involve members of the United States Armed Forces deployed in Niger, thus expanding the scope and nature of United States involvement in hostilities. (11) Section 8(c) of the War Powers Resolution ( 50 U.S.C. 1547(c) ) defines the introduction of United States Armed Forces to include the assignment of members of such Armed Forces to command, coordinate, participate in the movement of, or accompany the regular or irregular military forces of any foreign country or government when such military forces are engaged, or there exists an imminent threat