1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Supreme Court Biennial Appointments and Term Limits Act of 2023 . 2. Supreme court terms of office (a) In general Chapter 1 of title 28, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking by section 1 and inserting the following: 1. Number of justices; quorum (a) In general The Supreme Court of the United States shall consist of a Chief Justice of the United States and not fewer than 8 associate justices, any 6 of whom shall constitute a quorum. (b) Appellate jurisdiction cases Only the 9 most recently appointed justices of the Supreme Court of the United States who are not unavailable due to a temporary absence shall preside over appellate jurisdiction cases. (c) Original jurisdiction cases and other powers All justices of the Supreme Court of the United States shall preside over original jurisdiction cases, and may, subject to any procedures established by the Supreme Court, continue to exercise all other official powers, duties, or responsibilities of a justice of the Supreme Court required by law. ; (2) by striking section 3 and inserting the following: 3. Vacancy in office of Chief Justice; disability (a) Powers and duties of chief justice Whenever the Chief Justice is unable to perform the duties of the office or the office is vacant, the powers and duties of Chief Justice shall devolve upon the associate justice next in precedence who is able to act, until such disability is removed or another Chief Justice is appointed and duly qualified. (b) Permanent vacancy in office of Chief Justice In the event of a permanent vacancy in the office of Chief Justice of the United States, the first appointment of a justice under this chapter following such vacancy shall be to the office of Chief Justice of the United States.