are best made at the State level. (8) States must maintain the flexibility to determine the best redistricting processes for the particular needs of their citizens. (9) Congress has independent authority under the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Sixth Amendments to ensure elections are conducted without unlawful discrimination. (10) The Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act, which are not anchored in article 1, section 4 of the Constitution, have seen much success since their passage in 1964 and 1965, and Congress should continue to exercise its constitutional authority in this space as appropriate. I Election Administration Integrity A Findings Relating to State Administration of Federal Elections 101. Findings Relating to State Administration of Federal Elections (a) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that constitutional scholar Robert Natelson has done invaluable work with respect to the history and understanding of the Elections Clause. (b) Findings Congress finds the following: (1) The Constitution reserves to the States the primary authority and the duty to set election legislation and administer elections—the times, places, and manner of holding of elections —and Congress’ power in this space is purely secondary to the States’ power and is to be employed only in the direst of circumstances. History, precedent, the Framers’ words, debates concerning ratification, the Supreme Court, and the Constitution itself make it exceedingly clear that Congress’ power over elections is not unfettered. (2) The Framing Generation grappled with the failure of the Articles of Confederation, which provided for only a weak national government incapable of preserving the Union. Under the Articles, the States had exclusive authority over Federal elections held within their territory