; and (B) on redemption of an empty beverage container by a retailer, pay to the retailer a refund in the amount of the applicable refund value described in subsection (c). (2) Use of deposits from unredeemed beverage containers A producer shall use any amounts received as deposits under paragraph (1)(A) for which an empty beverage container is not redeemed for investment in collection, recycling, and reuse infrastructure. (b) Responsibilities of retailers (1) In general Except as provided in paragraph (2), each retailer of beverage containers shall— (A) at the time of sale, charge to the customer to which the beverage container is sold a deposit in the amount of the applicable refund value described in subsection (c); (B) on redemption of an empty beverage container by a customer, pay to the customer a refund in the amount of the applicable refund value described in subsection (c); (C) accept a beverage container and pay a refund under subparagraph (B)— (i) during any period that the retailer is open for business; and (ii) regardless of whether the specific beverage container was sold by the retailer; and (D) in the case of a retailer the premises of which is not less than 5,000 square feet, accept any brand and size of beverage container and pay a refund under subparagraph (B) for the beverage container, regardless of whether the retailer sells that brand or size of beverage container. (2) Exceptions (A) Dirty or damaged A retailer described in paragraph (1) may refuse to accept a beverage container and pay a refund under paragraph (1)(B) if the beverage container— (i) visibly contains, or is contaminated by, a substance other than— (I) water; (II) residue of the original contents; or (III) ordinary dust