; (B) will continue to be used by the Tribes in the future; (C) contain a complex trail system established by Native Americans for various uses including spiritual travel, trade, communication, and which connects to regions outside of the Monument boundaries, including Avi Kwa Ame; (D) include sacred sites, historic properties, traditional cultural places and cultural landscapes, sacred items, objects of cultural patrimony, human remains, religious sites, geoglyphs, petroglyphs, and pictographs with significant value to the survival and well-being of Tribal people and their knowledge systems; (E) plants, wildlife, water sources, and minerals which are connected together as part of a greater cultural landscape; and (F) the associated Indian Tribes have a longstanding relationship to the area, acting as its stewards since time immemorial, with obligations to care for the cultural, spiritual, and natural resources provided to them by the land including sacred places, plants, wildlife, water sources, and minerals; (2) have nationally significant biodiversity, given that they are located in the transitional zone where the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts come together; (3) are home to a wide variety of topography and elevation, leading to distinct microclimates and ecosystems; (4) are largely intact, undeveloped, and adjacent to other federally protected areas such as Joshua Tree National Park, Indian Pass Wilderness, and the Palen/McCoy Wilderness; (5) are a refuge for over 150 plant species, many found nowhere else, including— (A) Munz’s cholla, California’s largest endemic cacti, located on the Chuckwalla Bench; (B) California fan palm, a plant managed and used extensively by Tribal people for thousands of years found in oases at Corn Springs, Mecca Hills Wilderness, and elsewhere where tectonic movements allow groundwater to seep up; and (C) the triple-ribbed milk-vetch, listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act, as well as other sensitive species including Emory’s crucifixion thorn and Mecca-aster