; Whereas the posture statement for 2023 of the United States Northern Command asserts Our competitors and potential adversaries, particularly the People’s Republic of China and Russia, continue to challenge the rules-based international order and seek to advance their interests and gain global advantages through political intimidation, economic coercion, cyber and information operations, asymmetric attacks on infrastructure, and the direct threat or actual employment of military force ; and Whereas the letter and spirit of the Monroe Doctrine continue to inspire the efforts of the people of the United States to— (1) maintain robust domestic, economic, and defense capabilities; and (2) partner with democratic nations of the Western Hemisphere on a basis of mutual respect and support for shared beneficial diplomatic, commercial, and security endeavors: Now, therefore, be it