; and (2) include a copy of such policies in a handbook distributed to new students. (b) Responsibility for full policy disclosure Each private institution of higher education described in subsection (a) shall include with the copy of the policies described in subsection (a)— (1) a statement affirming that all policies pertinent to the protection and regulation of the expressive rights of students have been disclosed in the manner required by this section; and (2) a statement affirming that publication of such policies as required by this section and instructions for students on how to contact the employee designated in the Office of Postsecondary Education in the Department under subsection (d)(1) to file a complaint. (c) Cause of action (1) Authorization A student claiming that a private institution of higher education in which the student is enrolled has violated published policy regarding expressive rights imposed by this section may bring an action in a Federal court of competent jurisdiction to enjoin such violation or to recover compensatory damages, reasonable court costs, or reasonable attorney fees. (2) Actions Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in an action brought under this subsection, the Federal court shall decide de novo all relevant questions of fact and law, including the interpretation of constitutional, statutory, and regulatory provisions, unless the parties stipulate otherwise. In an action brought under this subsection, if the court finds a violation of subsection (b), the court— (A) shall— (i) enjoin the violation; and (ii) award the student— (I) not less than $500 for an initial violation; and (II) if the student notifies the institution of the violation, $50 for each day the violation continues after the notification if the institution did not act to discontinue the cause of the violation; and (B) may award a prevailing plaintiff— (i) compensatory damages; (ii) reasonable court costs