1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Risk Assessment Act of 2023 . 2. Risk assessment (a) In general The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall lead, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of the Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy, a comprehensive risk assessment of the United States pharmaceutical supply chain and report to the relevant committees of Congress on the findings of each such assessment. The assessment shall be completed not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, and shall be updated annually thereafter. (b) Contents At a minimum, the risk assessment under subsection (a) shall— (1) use, as applicable, any drugs from the essential medicines list developed by the Food and Drug Administration in response to Executive Order 13944 (85 Fed. Reg. 49929) and any other relevant assessments or lists, as appropriate, to identify, in coordination with the private sector, a list of essential medicines, to be updated regularly on a timeframe that the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security, determines appropriate, which shall include the active pharmaceutical ingredients and drugs that— (A) are reasonably likely to be required to respond to a public health emergency or to a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear threat; or (B) the shortage of which would pose a significant threat to the United States health care system or at-risk populations; (2) identify, for each of the active pharmaceutical ingredients and drugs that are identified under paragraph (1)— (A) the active pharmaceutical ingredients and drugs with vulnerable supply chains