before Election Day. In Oregon, 7 years after vote-by-mail election implementation, over 80 percent of voters favored the vote-by-mail system. (15) Vote-by-mail typically increases turnout in all elections, but can be particularly effective in increasing voter participation in special elections and primary elections. Oregon, Washington, and Colorado, 3 of the 5 States with entirely vote by mail systems, continue to have consistently high voter turnout rates. In 2020, the Presidential election turnout was about 7 percentage points higher than in 2016, and turnout rates increased in every State compared with 2016. In the 10 States where it rose the most, 7 conducted their vote entirely or mostly by mail, with 6 of those States having recently adopted all-mail voting, either permanently (Utah and Hawaii) or for the 2020 elections only. (16) A crucial component of a modern voting system is making it easy, affordable, and accessible to register to vote. Twenty-two states and the District of Columbia have enacted automatic voter registration policies, with Oregon and California becoming the first to automatically register their citizens to vote when they apply for a driver’s license. Automatic, permanent voter registration has the potential to increase participation, protect election integrity, and reduce registration costs. 3. Promoting ability of voters to vote by mail in Federal elections (a) Voting by mail in Federal elections (1) In general Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 ( 52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq. ) is amended by inserting after section 303 the following new section: 303A. Promoting ability of voters to vote by mail (a) In General If an individual in a State is eligible to cast a vote in an election for Federal office, the State may not impose any additional conditions or requirements on the eligibility of the individual to cast the vote in such election by mail, except to the extent that the State imposes a deadline for requesting the ballot and related voting materials from the