(7) Interventions to address bullying and harassment should incorporate evidence-based discipline policies and practices, such as Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) and other restorative practices that can minimize suspensions, expulsions, and other exclusionary and harmful discipline policies to ensure that students are not pushed-out or diverted to the juvenile justice system. (8) Perpetrators of bullying and harassment often have a history of trauma or psychological distress, or have been bullied themselves. These students, often discussed as bully-victims , require additional trauma-informed interventions and consideration. 3. Safe Schools improvement (a) In general Title IV of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 7101 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: G Safe Schools improvement 4701. Purpose The purpose of this part is to address the problem of bullying and harassment conduct of students in public elementary schools and secondary schools. 4702. Anti-bullying policies (a) Bullying In this part, the term bullying means conduct that adversely affects the ability of one or more students to participate in or benefit from the school’s educational programs or activities by placing a student in fear of harm. (b) Policies A State that receives a grant under this title shall require all local educational agencies in the State to carry out the following: (1) Establish policies that prevent and prohibit conduct, including bullying and harassment, that— (A) limits a student’s ability to participate in, or benefit from, a program or activity of a public school or local educational agency