List ) to include entities and subentities under the control of, or acting for or on behalf of, Cuban military, intelligence, or security services or personnel with which direct financial transactions would disproportionately benefit such services or personnel at the expense of the Cuban people or private enterprise in Cuba. (7) Recommendations issued in 2022 by the Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Services Sector stated that the People's Republic of China remains the most sophisticated counterintelligence and cyber threat to the United States . (8) According to the most recent report submitted to Congress by the Director of National Intelligence pursuant to section 108B of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3043b ) (commonly referred to as the Annual Threat Assessment ), the People’s Republic of China is expanding its global intelligence and covert influence posture and represents the broadest, most active, and persistent cyber espionage threat to the United States. (9) On June 10, 2023, the White House confirmed reports that the People’s Republic of China has been operating and upgrading intelligence collection facilities in Cuba since at least 2019, and the People’s Republic of China will keep trying to enhance its presence in Cuba . (10) The People’s Republic of China and Cuba have expanded defense relations in recent years, including military-to-military strategic mutual trust and practical cooperation , such as regular institutional and senior leader visits between the two countries and the establishment of joint artificial intelligence centers. 3. Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that— (1) the growing military and intelligence collaboration between the Government of People's Republic of China and the Government of Cuba is a threat to the United States and the peace and stability of the Western Hemisphere