; or (iii) a transaction between a licensed manufacturer and a licensed importer on any date. (2) Possession of ghost gun with intent to sell, transfer, or manufacture Beginning on the date that is 12 months after the date of enactment of Gun Violence Prevention and Community Safety Act of 2023 , it shall be unlawful for any person other than a licensed manufacturer or importer to knowingly possess a ghost gun in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce. (3) Sale, offer to sell, transfer, possession, purchase, or receipt of ghost gun machines (A) Sale, offer to sell, or transfer to non-manufacturers It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer to sell, or transfer, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, to any person other than a licensed manufacturer a machine that has the sole or primary function of manufacturing firearms. (B) Possession, purchase, or receipt by non-manufacturers (i) In general Except as provided in clause (ii), beginning on the date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of the Gun Violence Prevention and Community Safety Act of 2023 , it shall be unlawful for any person other than a licensed manufacturer to possess, purchase, or receive, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, a machine that has the sole or primary function of manufacturing firearms. (ii) Exception Clause (i) shall not apply to a person who is engaged in the business of selling manufacturing equipment to a licensed manufacturer who possesses a machine with the intent to sell or transfer the machine to a licensed manufacturer. (4) Distribution of code for 3D printed firearms It shall be unlawful for any person to intentionally distribute, over the internet or by means of the World Wide Web, digital instructions in the form of Computer Aided Design files or other code that can automatically program a 3-dimensional printer or similar device to produce a firearm or complete a firearm from an unfinished frame or receiver. (5) Engraving and casting serial numbers It shall be unlawful for a person