1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Converting Our Waste Sustainably (COWS) Act of 2023 . 2. Alternative Manure Management Program Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 1240S. Alternative Manure Management Program (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Alternative manure management program The term alternative manure management program means the program established under subsection (b). (2) Covered management measure The term covered management measure means a dairy or livestock operation method that is used by an eligible producer to reduce baseline methane emissions and, where applicable, improve carbon sequestration on the operation of such eligible producer, including the measures described in subparagraphs (A) through (D) in subsection (f)(2). (3) Eligible producer The term eligible producer means a dairy or livestock producer— (A) who agrees to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by adopting at least 1 covered management measure as an alternative or complement to anaerobic systems that capture methane emissions; (B) whose baseline manure management practices prior to enrollment in the alternative manure management program include the anaerobic decomposition of volatile solids stored in a lagoon or other predominantly liquid anaerobic environment; or (C) in the case of a dairy or livestock producer whose baseline manure management practices prior to enrollment in the alternative manure management program includes an anaerobic system that captures methane emissions, that can replace or complement such anaerobic system with a covered management measure. (4) Pasture-based management The term pasture-based management means a dairy or livestock production system— (A) that eliminates or reduces the quantity of manure stored in anaerobic conditions