; or (iii) transactions between licensed manufacturers and importers on any date. (3) It shall be unlawful for a person other than a licensed manufacturer or importer to engrave or cast a serial number on a firearm in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce unless specifically authorized by the Attorney General. (4) Beginning on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of the Ghost Guns and Untraceable Firearms Act of 2023 , it shall be unlawful for any person other than a licensed manufacturer or importer to knowingly possess a ghost gun in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce. (5) Beginning on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of the Ghost Guns and Untraceable Firearms Act of 2023 , it shall be unlawful for any person other than a licensed manufacturer or importer to possess a ghost gun in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce with the intent to sell or transfer the ghost gun with or without further manufacturing or to manufacture a firearm with the ghost gun. (6) (A) It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer to sell, or transfer, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, to any person other than a licensed manufacturer a machine that has the sole or primary function of manufacturing firearms. (B) Except as provided in subparagraph (D), it shall be unlawful for any person other than a licensed manufacturer to purchase or receive, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, a machine that has the sole or primary function of manufacturing firearms. (C) Except as provided in subparagraph (D), beginning on the date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of the Ghost Guns and Untraceable Firearms Act of 2023 , it shall be unlawful for any person other than a licensed manufacturer to possess, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, a machine that has the sole or primary function of manufacturing firearms. (D) Subparagraphs (B) and (C) shall not apply to a person who is engaged in the business of selling manufacturing equipment to a