1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Fair Courts Act of 2023 . 2. Reinstating 3-judge requirement for suits seeking nationwide relief (a) In general Chapter 155 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting before section 2283 the following: 2282. Nationwide relief; three-judge court required (a) Definition In this section, the term nationwide relief means— (1) an interlocutory or permanent injunction restraining the Federal Government or a Federal officer with respect to any person other than the plaintiff; (2) any order that vacates a Federal regulation on a nationwide basis; and (3) a stay of execution of a judgment granting relief described in paragraph (1) or (2). (b) Requirement (1) In general A court of the United States or judge thereof may not grant any form of nationwide relief unless the application therefor is heard and determined by a district court of 3 judges under section 2284. (2) Exceptions Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the Supreme Court of the United States or a court of appeals of the United States. (3) Rule of construction Nothing in this section shall be construed to expand or limit the forms of relief that the courts of the United States may grant. . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of sections for chapter 155 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting before the item relating to section 2283 the following: 2282. Nationwide relief; three-judge court required. . 3. Random assignment of cases (a) Division of business among district judges Section 137 of title 28, United States Code, is amended— (1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c)