; Whereas an estimated 6,500 racial terror lynchings took place between 1865 and 1950; Whereas, in a series of outbreaks of race-related violence, an estimated 39 to 150 Black people were murdered in 1917 in the East St. Louis Riots and another 6,000 were left homeless; Whereas the East St. Louis Riots has been described as the worst case of labor-related violence in 20th-century American history ; Whereas more than 200 Black people were killed and another 6,000 were left homeless during the 1919 attack and lynching in Moberly, Missouri, costing $400,000 ($8,460,000 in 2022) in property damage; Whereas White supremacists, deputized by Tulsa officials, raided, mobbed, massacred, and completely burned down nearly 40 city blocks of Tulsa’s Greenwood District, a self-sustaining Black economy, also known as Black Wall Street , in 1921; Whereas White supremacists raided, mobbed, massacred, and completely burned down a small but thriving Black community, Rosewood, Florida, in 1923, in addition to countless other Black communities across the United States; Whereas the massacres in Tulsa and Rosewood were only 2 of more than 100 White supremacist massacres that occurred from the end of the Civil War to the 1940s; Whereas Black voters and political candidates were intimidated, harassed, violently suppressed, and sometimes murdered for simply exercising their constitutional right to vote; Whereas participation of Black voters in electoral processes were routinely suppressed by poll taxes and literacy tests to preserve White supremacy; Whereas the Supreme Court codified the separate but equal doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, thereby allowing racial segregation laws to exist and enshrining a racial caste system in the United States; Whereas not only were enslaved people never granted any form of compensation after the abolition of slavery, they were thrust into a near-century-long epoch of legal segregation through Jim Crow laws