; and (2) the term financial institution means a financial institution specified in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (M), or (Y) of section 5312(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code. 7. General provisions applicable to sections 4, 5, and 6 (a) Waivers (1) In general The President may waive the application of sanctions under section 4, 5, or 6 for a transaction or transactions with a United States person, a foreign person, or a foreign financial institution (as the case may be) described under such section if the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that such waiver is vital to the national security interests of the United States— (A) for renewable periods of 180 days until January 1, 2028; and (B) on a case-by-case basis from January 2, 2028 to January 1, 2032. (2) Transactions relating to activities necessary to the production of medical and industrial radioactive and stable isotopes (A) In general The President may waive the application of sanctions under section 4, 5, or 6 for a transaction or transactions with a United States person, a foreign person, or a foreign financial institution (as the case may be) described under such section for one year, renewable for up to 10 years, if— (i) the President determines that the transaction relates to activities necessary to the production of medical isotopes or industrial isotopes; and (ii) the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that— (I) domestic medical isotope or industrial isotope production is insufficient to meet United States patient and industry requirements; and (II) the United States is taking measurable steps to establish medical isotope or industrial isotope supply chains that are not reliant on Rosatom or other Russian source material. (B) Definitions In this paragraph— (i) the term industrial isotope means a radioactive or stable form of an element that is used primarily for industrial (non-medical) purposes