; or (5) any payment of any kind was made, directly or indirectly, in furtherance of or in connection with the conduct described in subsection (a) using any means, channel, facility, or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce. (d) Cause of action (1) In general A cause of action may be brought for a violation of subsection (a) or (b) against a health professional, health facility, or gamete provider by a donor conceived individual born as a result of such violation. (2) Certain other individuals A cause of action may be brought for a violation of subsection (a) or (b) against a health professional, health facility, or gamete provider by a patient or patient’s spouse for each donor conceived individual born as a result of such violation. (3) Gamete provider A cause of action may be brought for a violation of subsection (a) or (b) against a health professional or health facility by a gamete provider. (e) Relief (1) In general In an action under subsection (e), the court may award appropriate relief, including temporary, preliminary, or permanent injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive damages, as well as the costs of suit and reasonable fees for attorneys and expert witnesses. With respect to compensatory damages, the plaintiff may elect, at any time prior to the rendering of final judgment, to recover, in lieu of actual damages, an award of statutory damages in the amount of $20,000 per violation. (2) Compensatory damages Compensatory damages awarded pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include the amount of all medical expenses incurred by the patient and any donor conceived child as a result of a violation of subsection (a) or (b), including the cost of any procedure, treatment, and any other medical expense for the patient and any donor conceived child. (f) Statute of limitations An action brought under subsection (e) may not be brought more than five years after the date on which the violation of subsection (a) or (b) was discovered by a covered