; (3) to retain the global technology leadership of the United States, the United States must have an accurate assessment of the current and future demand for spectrum, and the tools to meet that demand; (4) ensuring a clear and fair process for Federal agencies to assess how to meet the demand for spectrum and reauthorizing the spectrum auction authority of the Commission will provide the tools described in paragraph (3); (5) as agreed to by both the Department of Defense and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration in the National Spectrum Strategy, an assessment of future spectrum demand, the promotion of research and development on dynamic spectrum sharing and other new and emerging spectrum technologies, and support for a workforce to support an advanced spectrum ecosystem are critical for expanding the overall capacity, usability, and efficiency of spectrum to enhance the competitiveness and national security of the United States