; (B) assesses the embodied greenhouse gas emissions of the product; (C) assesses copollutant emissions; and (D) allows for environmental impact comparisons between different cements, concretes, asphalt binders, and asphalt mixtures produced using the same product category rule. (6) Low-emissions cement, concrete, asphalt binder, or asphalt mixture The term low-emissions cement, concrete, asphalt binder, or asphalt mixture has the meaning given the term in section 458(b) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. (7) Portland cement The term portland cement means any hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing portland-cement clinker, usually including calcium sulfate and other ingredients as identified in specifications. (8) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Energy. (9) Task Force The term Task Force means the Interagency Task Force for Concrete and Asphalt Innovation established under section 7(a). 3. Low-emissions cement, concrete, asphalt binder, and asphalt mixture production research program (a) In general Subtitle D of title IV of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 ( 42 U.S.C. 17111 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 458. Low-emissions cement, concrete, asphalt binder, and asphalt mixture production research program (a) Purpose The purpose of this section is to advance the research and development of innovative technologies aimed at— (1) achieving significant greenhouse gas emissions and copollutant emissions reductions in the production processes for cement, concrete, asphalt binder, and asphalt mixture products; (2) increasing the technological and economic competitiveness of industry and production in the United States; (3) increasing the stability of supply chains through enhanced domestic production, nearshoring, and cooperation with allies