; and (II) the Secretary determines that such assessment is adequate for such purposes. (ii) Described studies The studies described in this clause are any of the following: (I) A receptor binding study that can demonstrate whether the substance has affinity for the human mu opioid receptor. (II) An in vitro functional assay that can demonstrate whether the substance has agonist activity at the human mu opioid receptor. (III) One or more in vivo animal behavioral studies that can demonstrate whether the substance has abuse-related drug effects consistent with mu opioid agonist activity, such as demonstrating similarity to the effects of morphine. (4) Advance notice regarding evaluation and conclusion The Secretary shall give the Attorney General at least 30 days notice before sending the Attorney General an evaluation and determination under paragraph (1) or (2) with respect to a fentanyl-related substance. (5) Exception for treaty obligations If a fentanyl-related substance is a substance that the United States is obligated to control under international treaties, conventions, or protocols in effect on the date of enactment of the Save Americans from the Fentanyl Emergency Act , this subsection shall not require the Attorney General— (A) to remove such substance from control; or (B) to place such substance in a schedule less restrictive than that which the Attorney General determines is necessary to carry out such obligations. (6) Identification of fentanyl-related substances If the Attorney General or any official of the Department of Justice determines that a substance is a fentanyl-related substance, the Attorney General shall— (A) within 30 days of such determination, notify the Secretary