; (B) evidence identifying the real parties in interest of the petitioner; and (C) what is otherwise necessary in the interest of justice; ; (B) by amending paragraph (9) to read as follows: (9) setting forth standards and procedures for— (A) allowing the patent owner to move to amend the patent under subsection (d) to cancel a challenged claim or propose a reasonable number of substitute claims; (B) allowing the Patent Trial and Appeal Board to provide guidance on substitute claims proposed by the patent owner; (C) allowing the patent owner to further revise proposed substitute claims after the issuance of guidance described in subparagraph (B); and (D) ensuring that any information submitted by the patent owner in support of any amendment entered under subsection (d), and any guidance issued by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, is made available to the public as part of the prosecution history of the patent; ; (C) in paragraph (11), by striking section 325(c) and inserting section 325(d) ; (D) in paragraph (12), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and ; and (E) by adding at the end the following: (13) setting forth the standards for demonstrating exceptional circumstances under section 325(e)(2). ; (2) by amending subsection (e) to read as follows: (e) Evidentiary standards (1) Presumption of validity The presumption of validity under section 282(a) shall apply to previously issued claims of a patent that is challenged in a post-grant review under this chapter. (2) Burden of proof In a post-grant review under this chapter— (A) the petitioner shall have the burden of proving a proposition of unpatentability of a previously issued claim of a patent by clear and convincing evidence; and (B) the petitioner shall have the burden of persuasion, by a preponderance of the evidence, with respect to a proposition of unpatentability for any substitute claim proposed by the patent owner.