; and (II) have training in teaching techniques and learning styles, or will obtain such training before providing the related technical instruction; (iv) where appropriate and to the extent practicable, shall be aligned to a career pathway; and (v) where appropriate and to the extent practicable, incorporate the principles of universal design for learning under section 103 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1003 ). (D) A progressively increasing, clearly defined schedule of wages to be paid to the apprentice that is— (i) consistent with measurable skill gains; and (ii) ensures the entry wage is not less than the greater of— (I) the minimum wage required under section 6(a) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ( 29 U.S.C. 206(a) ); or (II) the applicable wage required by other applicable Federal or State laws (including regulations) or collective bargaining agreements. (E) The term of the apprenticeship program, which may be measured using— (i) a time-based model, which requires the completion of the industry standard for on-the-job learning hours, which in no case shall be less than a cumulative 2,000 hours, unless an alternative requirement is put forth by the employer and sponsor from a nontraditional apprenticeship occupation as of the date of the enactment of the National Apprenticeship Act of 2023 that reflects industry standards and the relative hazards of the occupation, and is accepted by the Secretary and registration agency; (ii) a competency-based model, which requires the attainment of competency in the occupation