; and (2) in the case of the Secretary of Labor, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act ( 29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq. ), and other programs carried out by the Department of Labor that the Secretary of Labor determines to be appropriate. (c) Report Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Labor, in consultation with the Secretary of Education, shall prepare and submit to Congress a report describing the activities conducted under this section and evaluating the effectiveness of such activities in achieving the purposes of this section. 7. GAO Study The Comptroller General shall, not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit to Congress a study on the causes and effects of— (1) wage disparities among men and women; (2) with respect to employees that leave the workforce for parental reasons (commonly referred to as the Manager’s Gap ), the impact on wages and opportunity potential; and (3) the disparities in wage negotiation skills among men and women upon entering the workforce.