provided in section 6665(a). (e) Cross References For penalty for failure to make deposits or for overstatement of deposits, see section 6656. 5942. Criminal penalties (a) Fraudulent Offenses Whoever, with intent to defraud the United States— (1) engages in business as a cannabis enterprise without filing the application and obtaining the permit where required by this chapter or regulations thereunder, (2) fails to keep or make any record, return, report, or inventory, or keeps or makes any false or fraudulent record, return, report, or inventory, required by this chapter or regulations thereunder, (3) refuses to pay any tax imposed by this chapter, or attempts in any manner to evade or defeat the tax or the payment thereof, (4) sells or otherwise transfers, contrary to this chapter or regulations thereunder, any cannabis products subject to tax under this chapter, or (5) purchases, receives, or possesses, with intent to redistribute or resell, any cannabis product— (A) upon which the tax has not been paid or determined in the manner and at the time prescribed by this chapter or regulations thereunder, or (B) which, without payment of tax pursuant to section 5904, have been diverted from the applicable purpose or use specified in that section, shall, for each such offense, be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (b) Liability to tax Any person who possesses cannabis products in violation of subsection (a) shall be liable for a tax equal to the tax on such articles. . (c) Study Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury, or the Secretary’s delegate, shall— (1) conduct a study concerning the characteristics of the cannabis industry, including the number of persons operating cannabis enterprises at each level of such industry, the volume of sales, the amount of tax collected each year, and the areas of evasion, and (2) submit to Congress recommendations to improve the regulation of the industry