and release scheme, whereby such aliens are unlawfully released, even without effective mechanisms to ensure appearances before the immigration courts for removal proceedings or to ensure removal in the case of aliens ordered removed. (3) Alejandro N. Mayorkas willfully refused to comply with the detention set forth in section 235(b)(1)(B)(iii)(IV) of such Act, requiring that an alien who is placed into expedited removal proceedings and determined not to have a credible fear of persecution shall be detained...until removed . Instead of complying with this requirement, Alejandro N. Mayorkas has implemented a catch and release scheme, whereby such aliens are unlawfully released, even without effective mechanisms to ensure appearances before the immigration courts for removal proceedings or to ensure removal in the case of aliens ordered removed. (4) Alejandro N. Mayorkas willfully refused to comply with the detention mandate set forth in section 236(c) of such Act, requiring that a criminal alien who is inadmissible or deportable on certain criminal and terrorism-related grounds shall [be] take[n] into custody when the alien is released from law enforcement custody. Instead of complying with this requirement, Alejandro N. Mayorkas issued Guidelines for the Enforcement of Civil Immigration Laws , which instructs Department of Homeland Security (hereinafter referred to as DHS ) officials that the fact an individual is a removable noncitizen...should not alone be the basis of an enforcement action against them and that DHS personnel should not rely on the fact of conviction...alone , even with respect to aliens subject to mandatory arrest and detention pursuant to section 236(c) of such Act, to take them into custody. In Texas v. United States , 40 F.4th 205 (2022), the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit concluded that these guidelines had every indication of being a general policy that is so extreme as to amount to an abdication of...statutory responsibilities and that its replacement of Congress's