; (2) identify gaps in the available research data and collect deidentified population research data using medical claims and survey data to fill gaps in available research data, such as— (A) incidence and prevalence of specific pain conditions; (B) demographics and other information, such as age, race, ethnicity, gender, and geographic location; (C) the incidence and prevalence of known chronic pain conditions, as well as diseases and conditions that include or lead to pain; (D) risk factors that may be associated with chronic pain conditions, such as genetic and environmental risk factors and other information, as appropriate; (E) diagnosis and progression markers; (F) both direct and indirect costs of illness; (G) the epidemiology of the conditions; (H) the detection, management, and treatment of the conditions; (I) the epidemiology, detection, management, and treatment of frequent secondary or co-occurring conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders; (J) the utilization of medical and social services by patients with chronic pain conditions, including the direct health care costs of pain treatment, both traditional and alternative, and the indirect costs (such as missed work, public and private disability, and reduction in productivity); and (K) the effectiveness of evidence-based treatment approaches on chronic pain conditions; (3) develop, in collaboration with individuals and organizations with appropriate chronic pain expertise, including patients or patient advocates, epidemiologists, representatives of national voluntary health associations, health information technology experts, clinicians, and research scientists, standard definitions and approaches for population research on chronic pain to efficiently promote greater comparability of data