; or (ii) been processed for release by the Department of Homeland Security pending further processing or proceedings. (B) Exceptions Paragraph (2)(A) shall not apply to an alien who— (i) after release, comes into the physical custody of any Federal, State, or local entity for purposes of criminal or civil violations; (ii) fails to appear for any proceedings described in any section this Act; and (iii) fails to comply with terms and conditions of release, as determined by the Secretary. (C) Terms At no time shall employment authorization under this paragraph shall be issued later than 30 days of release from custody or after a properly filed application occurs, whichever is sooner, and shall be— (i) for a period of 2 years; (ii) renewable for additional 2-year periods while the applicant’s asylum claim is being adjudicated, pending, or administratively closed, including administrative or judicial review; and (iii) any other terms or conditions as determined by the Secretary. (D) Clarifications Paragraph (2)(A)(ii) shall apply to aliens irrespective of whether any form of removal proceedings have commenced or whether the alien has a pending request for immigration benefits. . (c) Streamlining voluntary departure Section 240B(a)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1229c(a)(1) ) is amended by striking at the alien’s own expense . (d) Direct access pathways for refugees in the Western Hemisphere The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall— (1) monitor Latin America and the Caribbean for regional instability and migration resulting from large scale persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion