1. Short title This Act may be cited as the VA Medicinal Cannabis Research Act of 2023 . 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Covered veteran The term covered veteran means a veteran who is enrolled in the patient enrollment system of the Department of Veterans Affairs established and operated under section 1705(a) of title 38, United States Code. (2) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. 3. Department of Veterans Affairs large-scale, mixed methods, retrospective qualitative study on the effects of cannabis on certain health outcomes of veterans with chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder (a) Study required (1) In general The Secretary, through the Office of Research and Development of the Department of Veterans Affairs, shall carry out a large-scale, mixed methods, retrospective, and qualitative study on the effects of cannabis on the health outcomes of covered veterans diagnosed with chronic pain and covered veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. (2) Observational study The study required by paragraph (1) shall be conducted as an observational study on the effects of cannabis use on the health of covered veterans. (3) Elements (A) In general The study required by paragraph (1) shall— (i) triangulate a range of data sources; (ii) compare the positive and negative health outcomes of covered veterans who use cannabis, utilizing outcomes that can be measured in an electronic health record of the Department and through data sets of the Department relating to claims for benefits under the laws administered by the Secretary; (iii) elicit the positive and negative outcomes of cannabis use for covered veterans through semi-structured interviews; (iv) estimate current and future health system needs to address positive and negative outcomes of cannabis use for covered veterans