of ocean iron fertilization and nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization research. (B) Collaboration The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph (A) in collaboration with the Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy. (11) Artificial ocean macronutrient fertilization (A) In general The Under Secretary shall conduct limited-scale experiments on ocean macronutrient fertilization, designed and monitored to avoid impacts beyond the zone of the experiment and within internationally recognized frameworks. (B) Collaboration The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph (A) in collaboration with the Director of the National Science Foundation. (12) Upwelling and downwelling The Under Secretary shall conduct research on the impact and effectiveness of upwelling and downwelling as a carbon dioxide removal approach. (13) Carbon dioxide impacts and fate in oceans (A) In general The Under Secretary shall conduct monitoring, research, modeling, and small-scale field trials on ecological and social impacts of coastal and deep ocean carbon dioxide removal techniques. (B) Collaboration The Under Secretary shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph (A) in collaboration with the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy. (14) Enhanced monitoring The Under Secretary shall conduct enhanced ocean, coastal, and atmospheric monitoring, quantification, and verification of carbon dioxide removal. (15) Other activities The Under Secretary shall conduct other carbon dioxide removal research, development, and demonstration activities, as determined by the Under Secretary. (f) Input In carrying out the activities under subsection (e), the Under Secretary shall receive input from the Director of the Office. (g) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary to carry out subsection (d)— (1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024