; (4) the loss of economic sovereignty imposed by fundamentally undemocratic global governance institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization, at which decisions that shape the unequal terms of the global economic system and determine countries’ abilities to finance health systems are made; (5) capital flight from developing countries consisting of mostly illegal financial flows, estimated by Global Financial Integrity to total approximately $1,700,000,000,000 each year, including— (A) $700,000,000,000 from deliberate trade misinvoicing; and (B) $261,000,000,000 from hot money narrow outflows; and (6) external debt repayments, often undemocratically and unjustly imposed, commonly sold by corrupt lenders, regularly accumulated by dictators without a democratic mandate, and exacerbated by compound interest as a result of United States interest rate increases; Whereas the harms have entrenched a global economic architecture of upward wealth redistribution that has resulted in— (1) depressed workers’ wages and artificially low prices of natural resources in developing countries to serve consumption in rich countries, amounting to an appropriation of tens of billions of tons of raw materials and hundreds of billions of hours of human labor, estimated to value over $10,000,000,000,000 in losses through unequal exchange annually; (2) 3,500,000,000 people living under the poverty line of $5.50, which according to the World Bank is a poverty headcount that has barely changed in the last 30 years , even as global GDP has more than tripled in size during this time; (3) more financial resources flowing out of developing countries than into them each year, estimated by Global Financial Integrity to total net negative $2,000,000,000,000 annually in 2012, meaning poorer countries are developing richer countries rather than the other way around