; and (9) the United States should strengthen its nuclear forces, to include growing the size of its nuclear arsenal, strengthening its force posture, and acquiring additional capabilities, to account for the growth in deterrence requirements caused by the expansion of the nuclear arsenals of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation since the New START Treaty was signed, as well as to hedge against a Russian breakout from New START Treaty limits. 4. Assessment and implementation plan for nuclear force structure improvements required (a) In general Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on United States nuclear deterrence. (b) Elements The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements: (1) An assessment of the adequacy of the current and planned nuclear arsenal of the United States for purposes of facing its adversaries, with a focus on the new dynamics associated with facing two major nuclear powers simultaneously in both peacetime and in conflict. The assessment shall describe— (A) the sufficiency of the size and structure of the current and planned arsenal to maintain deterrence with respect to two nuclear-peers without reduced levels of risk or redundancy; (B) the sufficiency of the size and structure of the current and planned arsenal to maintain deterrence of two nuclear-peers without reduced levels of risk or redundancy should the Russian Federation grow its nuclear forces beyond the levels allowed under the central limits of the New START Treaty and should the People’s Republic of China continue to grow its nuclear forces after reaching parity with the currently deployed United States nuclear arsenal under the New START Treaty; (C) the impact of emerging technology, such as nuclear-armed hypersonic weapons and fractional orbital bombardment systems, on United States nuclear posture and planning