; (ii) indirect land-use change; and (iii) alternative fates of biomass used; (B) the risk of impacts on biodiversity and food security; and (C) the social impacts of any air pollutants. (4) Risk considerations In carrying out research, development, and demonstration described in paragraph (5), the Bioenergy Technologies Office shall— (A) conduct risk assessment of species cultivated or utilized for terrestrial and biological carbon dioxide removal; and (B) take all feasible and prudent measures to minimize risk of economic, environmental, and social harm caused by invasive species. (5) Research, development, and demonstration (A) In general The Secretary of Energy, acting through the Assistant Secretary, shall carry out research, development, and demonstration activities in the areas described in subparagraphs (B) through (I). (B) Algal biomass capture The Assistant Secretary shall carry out research, development, and demonstration activities relating to microalgae growth, dewatering, and conversion, including pathways such as bioreactors and non-photosynthetic pathways. (C) Biomass supply, logistics, and pre-treatment (i) In general The Assistant Secretary, in collaboration with the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, shall establish 1 or more test facilities to conduct innovative approaches for treating biomass for use in fuels and electricity generation, including modeling and analysis of optimizing biomass gathering, upgrading, and supply. (ii) Test facility considerations In selecting facilities to be established as test facilities under clause (i), the Assistant Secretary shall— (I) consider whether the facility has the capability for small-scale and mobile applications