1. Short title This Act may be cited as the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2023 . 2. Vote dilution, denial, and abridgment claims (a) In general Section 2(a) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ( 52 U.S.C. 10301(a) ) is amended— (1) by inserting after applied by any State or political subdivision the following: for the purpose of, or ; and (2) by striking as provided in subsection (b) and inserting as provided in subsection (b), (c), (d), or (f) . (b) Vote dilution Section 2(b) of such Act ( 52 U.S.C. 10301(b) ) is amended— (1) by inserting after A violation of subsection (a) the following: for vote dilution ; (2) by inserting after the period at the end the following: For the purposes of this subsection: ; (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: (1) To prevail in demonstrating that a representational, districting, or apportionment scheme results in vote dilution, a plaintiff shall, as a threshold matter, establish that— (A) the members of the protected class are sufficiently numerous and geographically compact to constitute a majority in a single-member district; (B) the members of the protected class are politically cohesive