; Whereas the United States and the Kingdom of Bahrain signed the Comprehensive Security Integration and Prosperity Agreement (CSIPA) to enhance cooperation across a wide range of areas including defense and security; Whereas CSIPA includes the following language: Any external aggression or threat of external aggression against the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of any of the Parties shall be a matter of grave concern to the other Parties. In the event of external aggression or the threat of external aggression against one Party, the Parties shall, in accordance with their respective constitutions and laws, immediately meet at the most senior levels to determine additional defense needs and to develop and implement appropriate defense and deterrent responses as decided upon by the Parties, including in the economic, military, and/or political realms. The Parties stand ready to immediately share available and appropriate information and intelligence in response to such an event ; Whereas cooperation between the United States and the Kingdom of Bahrain expanded upon in the CSIPA provides greater regional stability, a greater ability to respond to pressing threats, and builds on the decades-long U.S. security partnership with Bahrain’s military forces , as noted in the agreement; Whereas CSIPA calls for an expanded economic partnership between the United States and the Kingdom of Bahrain, with the goal of promoting free trade, supply chain resilience, and regional peace and prosperity; Whereas CSIPA is based on bolstering Middle East regional security, stability, and prosperity by enhancing deterrence and defense integration and interoperability ; Whereas the United States and the Kingdom of Bahrain agreed to hold additional training and military education programs and military maneuvers under CSIPA; Whereas the United States and the Kingdom of Bahrain committed to continue joint planning to confront threats to either country, including attacks from Iranian proxy groups