; Public Law 105–261 ); (B) identified under section 1260H of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 ( 10 U.S.C. 113 note; Public Law 116–283 ); (C) on the Entity List maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce and set forth in Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations; (D) included in the list required by section 9(b)(3) of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 ( Public Law 116–145 ; 134 Stat. 656); or (E) identified by the Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence and the applicable office that would provide, or is providing, covered support, as posing an unmanageable threat— (i) to the national security of the United States; or (ii) of theft or loss of United States intellectual property. (4) National The term national has the meaning given the term in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1101 ). (5) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Energy. (b) Science and technology risk assessment (1) In general The Secretary shall develop and maintain tools and processes to manage and mitigate research security risks, such as a science and technology risk matrix, informed by threats identified by the Director of the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, to facilitate determinations of the risk of loss of United States intellectual property or threat to the national security of the United States posed by activities carried out under any covered support. (2) Content and implementation In developing and using the tools and processes developed under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— (A) deploy risk-based approaches to evaluating, awarding, and managing certain research, development, demonstration, and deployment activities, including designations that will indicate the relative risk of activities; (B) assess, to the extent practicable, ongoing high-risk activities