; and (2) by adding at the end the following: (b) It shall not be a defense to any action pending on, or filed after, the date of enactment of this subsection that, at the time of the deprivation— (1) the defendant was acting in good faith; (2) the defendant believed, reasonably or otherwise, that his or her conduct was lawful; (3) the rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws were not clearly established; or (4) the state of the law was such that the defendant could not reasonably have been expected to know whether his or her conduct was lawful. .