; and (6) pipeline safety data and information that may lead to the identification of pipeline safety risks, as determined by the governing board. (d) Confidentiality (1) Nonpublic information To facilitate the sharing of otherwise nonpublic pipeline safety data and information in the VIS, nonpublic information accepted for inclusion in the VIS shall be kept confidential, except as provided in paragraph (2). (2) Deidentified nonpublic information (A) Safety The governing board may approve the disclosure of deidentified nonpublic information through the VIS, or by the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, that the governing board in its sole discretion determines is appropriate to disclose to improve pipeline safety, based on analysis of the deidentified information and any safety findings or recommendations. (B) Reports The governing board, in issuing public reports under subsection (b)(1)(E)(x), shall approve the disclosure of deidentified nonpublic information through the VIS that the governing board determines is necessary to adequately describe and illustrate the issues and topics being investigated and analyzed using the VIS. (3) Prohibition Except as provided in paragraph (2), no person, including any governing board member, the third-party data manager, any issue analysis team member, nor any Federal, State, local, or Tribal agency, having or obtaining access to nonpublic information accepted for inclusion in the VIS, shall release or communicate such nonpublic information, in either an identified or deidentified form, to any person the governing board has not authorized to access such information. (e) Applicability of FOIA Any nonpublic information that is accepted for inclusion in the VIS and subsequently obtained by the Secretary or the Administrator from the VIS is exempt from the requirements of section 552 of title 5, and specifically exempt from release under subsection (b)(3) of such section. (f) Exclusions (1) Excluded evidence Except as provided in paragraph