; table of contents. Sec. 2. Sense of Congress. Sec. 3. Definitions. TITLE I—Voluntary artificial intelligence standards, metrics, evaluation tools, testbeds, and international cooperation Subtitle A—Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute and testbeds Sec. 101. Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute. Sec. 102. Program on artificial intelligence testbeds. Sec. 103. National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Energy testbed to identify, test, and synthesize new materials. Sec. 104. National Science Foundation and Department of Energy collaboration to make scientific discoveries through the use of artificial intelligence. Sec. 105. Progress report. Subtitle B—International cooperation Sec. 111. International coalition on innovation, development, and harmonization of standards with respect to artificial intelligence. Sec. 112. Requirement to support bilateral and multilateral artificial intelligence research collaborations. Subtitle C—Identifying regulatory barriers to innovation Sec. 121. Comptroller General of the United States identification of risks and obstacles relating to artificial intelligence and Federal agencies. TITLE II—Artificial intelligence research, development, capacity building activities Sec. 201. Public data for artificial intelligence systems. Sec. 202. Federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence. 2. Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that policies governing artificial intelligence should maximize the potential and development of artificial intelligence to benefit all private and public stakeholders. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Agency The term agency has the meaning given such term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code, except such term shall include an independent regulatory agency, as defined in such section. (2) Artificial intelligence The term artificial intelligence has the meaning given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 ( 15 U.S.C. 9401 ). (3) Artificial intelligence