; (ii) geomechanics; (iii) rock physics; (iv) utilization-oriented carbonation; and (v) other topics. (B) Collaboration The Director shall carry out the activities under subparagraph (A) in collaboration with the Director of the National Science Foundation. (7) Ocean alkalinity (A) In general The Director shall carry out research activities relating to techniques for and ecological impacts of artificial modification of ocean alkalinity. (B) Collaboration The Director shall carry out the activities under subparagraph (A) in collaboration with the Director of the National Science Foundation. (8) Carbon cycle (A) In general The Director shall carry research activities and modeling relating to— (i) the effectiveness and ecological impacts of ocean iron fertilization; and (ii) nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization. (B) Collaboration The Director shall carry out the activities under subparagraph (A) in collaboration with— (i) the Director of the National Science Foundation; and (ii) the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (9) Carbon dioxide impacts and fate in oceans (A) In general The Director shall carry out monitoring, research, and modeling on ecological impacts of ocean carbon dioxide removal techniques. (B) Collaboration The Director shall carry out the activities under subparagraph (A) in collaboration with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (10) Carbonation (A) In general The Director shall carry out research activities relating to— (i) methods to control carbonation reactions; (ii) methods to accelerate carbonation; and (iii) research to understand structure-property relationships. (B) Collaboration The Director shall carry out the activities under subparagraph (A) in collaboration with the Director of the National Science Foundation. (11) Catalysts (A) In general The Director shall carry out research activities relating to— (i) impurity-tolerant catalyst development; (ii) coupled reduction and oxidation reactions