; (2) additive manufacturing to improve capabilities to produce large tools, dies, and molds for advanced air mobility systems and unmanned aircraft systems and components; (3) testing innovative manufacturing processes and manufactured components to improve safety, endurance, and quality of advanced air mobility systems and unmanned aircraft systems; (4) development of software to streamline fabrication and integration of manufacturing components, such as sensors for use in advanced air mobility systems and unmanned aircraft systems; and (5) any other activities that the Director considers appropriate. IV National Science Foundation Activities 401. National Science Foundation activities (a) In general The Director of the National Science Foundation shall support research and STEM education and related activities in advanced air mobility and unmanned aircraft systems, components, and related technologies, including competitive awards or grants to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof). (b) Use of funds In carrying out the activities under subsection (a), the Director of the National Science Foundation shall— (1) support fundamental research on the underlying technologies for advanced air mobility and unmanned aircraft systems, components, and related technologies, which may include— (A) improving the safety and reliability of operation systems; (B) developing and improving autonomous control systems, including real-time control and autonomous decisionmaking; (C) incorporating the use of artificial intelligence into systems; (D) improving or developing materials for advanced air mobility and unmanned aircraft systems; (E) understanding safety and sustainability of advanced air mobility and unmanned aircraft systems as a part of a transportation system, including the impacts of advanced air mobility and unmanned aircraft systems on ground transportation