; and (B) increase other grades or levels, occupational groups, series, classes, or subdivisions thereof, as determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security; and (2) may make increases in all rates in the pay range for each such grade or level, in accordance with such section 5305. (b) Inapplicability The discretion granted to agency heads under section 5305(a)(2) of title 5, United States Code, shall not apply to increase in rates of pay authorized under subsection (a). 4. Continuing training (a) In general The Commissioner shall require all United States Border Patrol agents and other employees or contracted employees designated by the Commissioner, to participate in annual continuing training to maintain and update their understanding of— (1) Department of Homeland Security policies, procedures, and guidelines; (2) the fundamentals of law, ethics, and professional conduct; (3) applicable Federal law and regulations; (4) precedential legal rulings, including Federal Circuit Court and United States Supreme Court opinions relating to the duty of care and treatment of persons in the custody of the United States Border Patrol that the Commissioner determines are relevant to active duty agents; (5) applicable migration trends that the Commissioner determines are relevant; (6) best practices for coordinating with community stakeholders; and (7) any other information that the Commissioner determines to be relevant to active duty agents. (b) Training subjects Continuing training under this subsection shall include training regarding— (1) non-lethal use of force policies available to United States Border Patrol agents and de-escalation strategies and methods; (2) identifying, screening, and responding to vulnerable populations, such as children, persons with diminished mental capacity, victims of human trafficking, pregnant mothers, victims of gender-based violence, victims of torture or abuse, and the acutely ill; (3) trends in transnational criminal organization activities that impact border security and migration