within schoolhouse gates. Between 2011 and 2021, news reports detailed at least 285 police assaults of students. (7) Black, Native American, and Latino students are more likely than their White peers to attend schools with police officers on campus and are more likely to be referred to law enforcement or arrested while in school. (8) Black students represent 31 percent of all school-related arrests, despite making up only 15 percent of all public school students. Native American and Pacific Islander and Native Hawaiian students are more than twice as likely to be arrested as White students. (9) Students with disabilities are more likely than their peers without disabilities to be referred to law enforcement or arrested. Students of color with disabilities are more likely to be referred to law enforcement than either their White peers with disabilities, or their peers of color without disabilities. (10) Students with disabilities are also disproportionately restrained and secluded in schools. Of the 74,813 students who were physically or mechanically restrained during the 2017–2018 school year, 78 percent received special education services. Of the 27,499 students who were secluded during the 2017–2018 school year, 77 percent received special education services. According to a 2020 Government Accountability Office report, 70 percent of school districts report zero incidents of restraint and seclusion, but only 30 of the Nation’s 17,000 school districts are required to verify the number of incidents of restraint and seclusion, likely resulting in a significant undercount of these harmful practices. (11) According to the Department of Education, while Black girls comprise only 16 percent of girls in elementary and secondary schools, they make up 42 percent of girls receiving the most severe forms of school discipline and severe punishment, such as corporal punishment, and represent 34 percent of girls arrested on campus. In the 2017–2018 school year, Black girls were 4 times more likely than White girls to be