; (B) capricious, pre-textual, and non-transparent actions taken without due process afforded; (C) intimidation or threats of punitive actions; and (D) informal actions that take place without explicit government action. (5) Existing mechanisms for trade dispute resolution and international arbitration are inadequate for responding to economic coercion in a timely and effective manner as foreign adversaries exploit plausible deniability and lengthy processes to evade accountability. (6) The United States should provide meaningful economic and political support to foreign trading partners affected by economic coercion. (7) Supporting foreign trading partners affected by economic coercion can lead to opportunities for United States businesses, investors, and workers to reach new markets and customers. (8) Responding to economic coercion will be most effective when the United States provides relief to affected foreign trading partners in coordination with allies and like-minded countries. (9) Such coordination will further demonstrate broad resolve against economic coercion. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Appropriate congressional committees The term appropriate congressional committees — (A) means— (i) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and (ii) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and (B) includes— (i) with respect to the exercise of any authority under section 5(a)(1) or 5(b)— (I) the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and (II) the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives; and (ii) with respect to the exercise of any authority under paragraph (6) or (8) of section 5(a)— (I) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate