; or (xv) other actions the Secretary determines appropriate to mitigate or manage excess urban heat. (5) Environmental justice The term environmental justice means the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, culture, national origin, income, and educational levels with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of protective environmental laws, regulations, and policies. (6) Excess urban heat effect The term excess urban heat effect means the phenomenon of local urban warming, resulting from manmade factors such as low solar reflectance, low tree cover, high building density, high impervious surface cover, and waste heat emissions. (7) Extreme heat The term extreme heat means a prolonged period of excessively hot weather, with temperatures well above climatological normals for a given location and season. (8) Nonprofit organization The term nonprofit organization means an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code. (9) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. (10) Urban area The term urban area has the meaning given the term in section 101(a) of title 23, United States Code. (11) Urban forestry master plan The term urban forestry master plan means a strategic plan that establishes the overall vision, goals, objectives, and implementation tools to evaluate, maintain and expand the urban tree canopy with the intention of building resilience to extreme weather events, reducing the urban heat island effect, mitigating stormwater runoff, reducing nutrient runoff, addressing air quality, and preserving biodiversity. (12) Urban tree canopy assessment The term urban tree canopy assessment means a measure of a community’s tree canopy coverage as a percentage of the total land area that serves as a baseline for setting community tree canopy goals and measuring progress. 4. Urban Heat Mitigation and Management Grant Program (a)