of 3,900 feet. (G) On January 1, 2007, Adam Air Flight 574, carrying 102 passengers and aircrew, crashed off the coast of Indonesia. The FDR and CVR were located within 1 month, but could not be recovered until 7 months later due to the difficulty of the underwater environment. The FDR and CVR were found at a depth of 6,600 feet and 4,600 feet apart. (9) In 2012, the International Civil Aviation Organization (referred to in this Act as the ICAO ) adopted a standard requiring all aircraft with a maximum certificated takeoff mass over 15,000 kilograms (kg) for which a type certificate is issued on or after January 1, 2016, and which are required to be equipped with both a CVR and FDR, to be equipped with two combination FDR/CVR recorder systems. (10) In 2016, ICAO issued an additional ruling that as of January 2021, all new commercial aircraft types must be equipped with a means to recover flight recorder data in a timely manner. The intent for this standard is to enable authorities to recover at least one set of FDR/CVR data without the need for underwater searches or prolonged terrain searches. (11) On October 7, 2014, following the disappearance of MH370 and the nearly 2-year search and recovery effort required to retrieve the black boxes from Air France Flight 447, the National Transportation Safety Board (referred to in this Act as the NTSB ) convened the Emerging Flight Data and Locator Technology Forum . The forum included government, industry, and investigative experts to discuss technologies that could be used to improve the location of aircraft wreckage and the timely recovery of flight data following accidents in remote locations or over water. (12) The NTSB has stated its highest concern is for aircraft that fly extended overwater operations outside of radar coverage because timely response and recovery of data are more challenging when an accident occurs in a remote area. Currently, aircraft that fly extended overwater operations must carry additional survival equipment, such as liferafts and