; and (4) in paragraph (6), as redesignated, by adding at the end the following: Such civil action may be brought in the judicial district in which the violation occurred or in which the defendant has its principal executive office. If the civil action is against an individual, the action may also be brought in the judicial district in which such individual resides. . (b) Hours of service violations Section 21301 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: (d) Additional provisions related to violations of chapter 211 (1) In any proceeding involving a violation of chapter 211, or a violation of a regulation or order issued pursuant to such chapter, a railroad carrier is deemed to have knowledge of the acts of its officers and agents. (2) A civil action involving a violation of chapter 211, or a violation of a regulation or order issued pursuant to such chapter, shall be brought in an appropriate district court of the United States not later than 2 years after the date of such violation unless administrative notification under section 3711 of title 31 is given within such 2-year period to the person committing the violation. If such notification is given, the action shall be brought not later than the last day of the 5-year period specified in section 2462 of title 28. (3) A separate violation of section 21106 occurs for each day employee sleeping quarters are not in compliance with the requirements under such section. . (c) Updates of penalties for inflation Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990 ( 28 U.S.C. 2461 note), the inflation adjustment— (1) for minimum penalty amounts amended by this section, and any discretionary inflation adjustment of guideline penalty amounts by the Secretary, shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $100