1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Protecting Homes from Trains Act of 2024 . 2. Grant program to construct barriers near rail lines adjacent to a residential structure (a) Establishment Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish a program to provide grants to eligible recipients to design or construct a barrier to mitigate rail activity that may negatively impact a residential structure or its use, including— (1) damage caused by a train derailment; (2) noise caused by a train; and (3) vibrations caused by a train. (b) Use of funds A grant provided under this section may be used to design or construct a barrier located— (1) adjacent to a rail line; and (2) between the rail line and any residential area that— (A) includes structures