air quality, respiratory and cardiovascular illness and death, injury due to reduced visibility, damage to agricultural crops and forests, increased wildfire smoke, increased frequency and severity of allergic illnesses, and minimizing air pollutants to improve air quality. (iii) Land Loss of land cover and impact on agriculture, wildfires, coastal wetlands and vegetation, mitigating the impacts of deforestation and urbanization, and considering climate change risks in land use decisions. (iv) Forests Decreased tree growth and carbon storage. (v) Ecosystems and biodiversity Altered or deteriorated ecosystem functions, altered individual characteristics of organisms, timing of biological events and geographic ranges of terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms, spread of invasive species, loss of biodiversity, endangerment and extinction of organisms, and changes in agricultural and fisheries production, supply of clean water, protection from extreme events, and culturally valuable resources. (vi) Coasts Higher storm surges and sea level rise, chronic high-tide flooding, threatened investments along coasts, economic losses in tourism and fishing, increased pace and extent of coastal flooding and erosion, and forced relocation. (vii) Oceans Ecosystem disruption, loss of habitat, ocean warming, acidification, and deoxygenation, and losses to fisheries and fishing communities. (C) Economic systems (i) Public sector Activities focused on ensuring stable governance and provision of critical safety net services and supports, adopting new policies to address emerging threats, risks and needs and provide specific protections for vulnerable populations, and expanding services to ensure that emerging and increasing needs are met. (ii) Buildings and built infrastructure Activities focused on strengthening buildings and built infrastructure to climate risks, weatherization to account for shifting and increasing temperatures, preparing for and adapting to changing patterns of energy use and peak demands, ensuring good