; or (2) casts a ballot knowingly and willfully in violation of State law or the laws of the United States. (d) Protection of information by elections officials (1) Voter record changes Each State shall maintain for at least 2 years, and shall make available for public inspection (and, where available, photocopying at a reasonable cost), including in electronic form and through electronic methods, all records of changes to voter records, including removals, the reasons for removals, and updates. (2) Database management standards Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in consultation with State and local election officials representing geographic and socio-economic diversity, and the Election Assistance Commission, shall, after providing the public with notice and the opportunity to comment— (A) establish standards governing the comparison of data for voter registration list maintenance purposes, identifying as part of those standards the specific data elements, the matching rules used, and how a State may use the data to determine and deem that an individual is ineligible under State law to vote in an election, or to deem a record to be a duplicate or outdated; (B) ensure that the standards developed under this paragraph are uniform and nondiscriminatory and are applied in a uniform and nondiscriminatory manner; (C) not later than 45 days after the deadline for public notice and comment; (i) publish the standards developed under this paragraph on the website of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; and (ii) make the standards developed under this paragraph available in written form upon request