1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Naturally Offsetting Emissions by Managing and Implementing Tillage Strategies Act of 2023 or the NO EMITS Act of 2023 . 2. Soil health transition incentive program Section 1240B of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (k) Soil health transition incentive program (1) Establishment and purposes The Secretary shall establish a soil health transition incentive program to assist producers in transitioning to soil health cropping systems by— (A) providing incentives to adopt soil health cropping systems, including by addressing the economic risk during a transition to a new soil health cropping system; and (B) providing technical assistance for such a transition. (2) Contracts (A) In general The Secretary shall enter into soil health transition incentive contracts with producers under this subsection to provide payments for— (i) the adoption and installation of soil health practices (including cover cropping, no till, and minimum till) or cropping systems; and (ii) completing, managing, maintaining, and improving the soil health practices or cropping systems for the duration of the contract, as determined appropriate by the Secretary. (B) Payment amounts In determining the amount of payments under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider, to the extent practicable— (i) the level and extent of the soil health practice or cropping system to be adopted, installed, completed, managed, maintained, or improved; (ii) the cost of the adoption, installation, completion, management, maintenance, or improvement of the soil health practice or cropping system; (iii) income foregone by the producer, including payments, as appropriate, to address— (I) increased economic risk; (II) loss in revenue due to anticipated reductions in yield; and (III) economic losses during transition to new cropping systems