; (ii) kerogen from oil shale; (iii) liquids manufactured from coal; (iv) coal bed methane; (v) methane hydrates; (vi) light oil derived from shale or other formations; (vii) natural gas liquids; and (viii) all conventionally and unconventionally produced hydrocarbons. (3) Policy reform The term policy reform means a process at an international financial institution that changes rules, regulations, or institutions and results in incentivizing fossil fuel investment, such as by lowering tax liability or increasing energy tariffs. . 3. Prohibition on foreign assistance that would support fossil fuel activity The United States may not provide, directly or indirectly (such as through a financial intermediary), any loan, insurance, guarantee, or extension of financial or technical assistance, including policy guidance, to any country or entity for any fossil fuel activity (as defined in section 2001(d) of the International Financial Institutions Act, as added by section 2) or a related infrastructure project, including through the United States International Development Finance Corporation, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Trade and Development Agency, the United States Agency for International Development, or the Millennium Challenge Corporation.