; (2) understanding of how certain parameters of abandoned wells affect methane emission rates of the wells, including parameters such as well age, well depth, geology, construction, case material, and geographic region; (3) the efficiency and cost-efficacy of processes for plugging, remediating, reclaiming, and repurposing abandoned wells, including— (A) improvement of processes and technologies for the unique challenges associated with plugging remote abandoned wells; (B) use of low carbon, lightweight cement or use of alternative materials and additives for plugging purposes; and (C) repurposing of abandoned wells for alternative uses, including geothermal power production or carbon capture, utilization, and storage; and (4) understanding of the impacts of abandoned wells on groundwater quality and contamination. (d) Coordination In carrying out the program established under subsection (b), the Secretary shall ensure coordination of activities carried out under the program with— (1) institutions of higher education; (2) the National Laboratories; and (3) the private sector. (e) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section— (1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; (2) $31,250,000 for fiscal year 2024; (3) $32,500,000 for fiscal year 2025; (4) $33,750,000 for fiscal year 2026; and (5) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. . (b) Clerical amendment The table of contents for the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ( Public Law 117–58 ; 135 Stat. 437) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 40601 the following: Sec. 40602. Abandoned wells research, development, and demonstration program. .