; and (2) ensure appropriate cooperation with, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of the Testbed with the activities of— (A) other research entities of the Department; (B) the National Laboratories; (C) other Federal agencies; (D) institutions of higher education; (E) United States industry; (F) nongovernmental organizations; and (G) other relevant individuals or entities. (g) Authorization of appropriations (1) In general There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary— (A) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2024 to establish the Testbed; and (B) $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2028 to carry out the activities of the Testbed. (2) Cost share The Secretary may require that funds made available pursuant to the authorization under paragraph (1)(B) be cost-shared by entities other than a National Laboratory seeking to conduct research, development, or demonstration activities at the Testbed. (h) Definitions In this section: (1) Critical material The term critical material means any of the following: (A) A critical material, as such term is defined in section 7002(a)(2) of the Energy Act of 2020 ( 30 U.S.C. 1606(a)(2) ; enacted as division Z of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 ( Public Law 116–260 )). (B) A strategic mineral as determined by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to Presidential Determination 2022–11. (2) Department The term Department means the Department of Energy. (3) Institution of higher education The term institution of higher education has the meaning given such term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001(a) ). (4) National Laboratory The term National Laboratory has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 15801(3) ). (5) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Energy.