1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Tolling Transparency Act of 2023 . 2. Requirements for tolling (a) In general Section 129(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended— (1) in paragraph (3)(B)(i), by striking paragraph (9)(C) and inserting paragraph (10)(C) ; (2) in paragraph (6), by striking paragraph (3) and inserting paragraph (4) ; (3) in paragraph (9)(C)(i)(II), by striking paragraph (3)(B) and inserting paragraph (4)(B) ; (4) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (11) as paragraphs (4) through (12), respectively; and (5) by adding after paragraph (2) the following: (3) Economic impact study included in NEPA review (A) In general As part of any review process that may be required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. ) for a proposed toll facility under this subsection or a proposed project that uses tolls carried out under subsection (d), the Secretary shall conduct an economic impact study examining— (i) the impact of such toll facility or project on businesses and communities; (ii) significant impacts due to the diversion of traffic onto county and city roadways; (iii) the level of confidence that any negative impacts of such toll facility or project can or will be adequately mitigated, or that any suggested mitigation will be implemented in time to prevent significant impacts when tolling is scheduled to begin; (iv) the level of confidence in modeling analysis completed for such toll facility or project