1. Short title This Act may be cited as the No Regulation Through Litigation Act of 2023 . 2. Settlement agreements and consent decrees (a) Limitation on consent decrees The head of a Federal agency may not enter into a consent decree that exceeds the authority of the court that enters the order related to such decree. (b) Limitation on attorneys’ fees and litigation costs A settlement agreement or consent decree resulting in a regulation or guidance document with respect to which a Federal agency is a party may not include the payment of attorneys’ fees or litigation costs. (c) Definitions In this Act: (1) Guidance document The term guidance document — (A) means an agency statement of general applicability (other than a regulation that has the force and effect of law promulgated in accordance with the notice and public procedure under section 553 of title 5, United States Code) that— (i) does not have the force and effect of law; and (ii) sets forth— (I) an agency decision or a policy on a statutory, regulatory, or technical issue; or (II) an interpretation of a statutory or regulatory issue; and (B) may include— (i) a memorandum; (ii) a notice; (iii) a bulletin; (iv) a directive; (v) a news release; (vi) a letter; (vii) a blog post; (viii) a no-action letter; (ix) a speech by an agency official; (x) an advisory; (xi) a manual; (xii) a circular; or (xiii) any combination of the items described in clauses (i) through (xii). (2) Regulation The term regulation — (A) means an agency statement of general applicability and future effect, which the agency intends to have the force and effect of law, that is designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy or to describe the procedure or practice requirements of an agency; (B) includes regulations issued pursuant to— (i) an informal rulemaking under section 553 of title 5, United States Code; (ii) a formal rulemaking under sections 556 and 557 of title 5, United States Code