; and (2) shall remain available until September 30, 2028. 5. Awards for projects that use emerging technologies to address threats to water quality (a) In general The Administrator may award grants and contracts to eligible entities in accordance with this section. (b) Use of funds (1) In general An eligible entity may use a grant or contract awarded under this section to carry out a project— (A) that uses an emerging technology, including artificial intelligence, quantum information science, distributed ledger technology, mechanical harvesting, aquatic muck dredging, living shorelines, living seawalls, robotics, nanotechnology, environmental DNA (eDNA), and cultivation of aquatic species, such as seaweed, seagrass, kelp, clams, oysters, and mussels, to address threats to water quality; or (B) for the research, development, or design of such an emerging technology to be used to address threats to water quality. (2) Water quality threats Threats to water quality that may be addressed under a project carried out using a grant or contract awarded under this section include— (A) acidification; (B) the accumulation of plastics, trash, and microplastics; (C) hydrologic alterations, such as restricting tidal flow; (D) nutrient release and eutrophication, including harmful algal blooms; (E) sea-level rise; (F) waste carbon dioxide accumulations; (G) adverse soil health conditions; (H) erosion and sedimentation; and (I) karst, sinkholes, and land subsidence. (c) Eligible entities The Administrator may— (1) award grants under this section to any institution of higher education, nonprofit organization, or any other entity located or headquartered in the United States that the Administrator determines appropriate