1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Sensible Classification Act of 2023 . (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Findings and sense of Congress. Sec. 3. Classification authority. Sec. 4. Promoting efficient declassification review. Sec. 5. Training to promote sensible classification. Sec. 6. Improvements to Public Interest Declassification Board. Sec. 7. Implementation of technology for classification and declassification. Sec. 8. Studies and recommendations on necessity of security clearances. Sec. 9. Definitions. 2. Findings and sense of Congress (a) Findings Congress finds the following: (1) According to a report released by the Office of the Director of Intelligence in 2020 titled Fiscal Year 2019 Annual Report on Security Clearance Determinations , more than 4,000,000 individuals have been granted eligibility for a security clearance. (2) At least 1,300,000 of such individuals have been granted access to information classified at the Top Secret level. (b) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that— (1) the classification system of the Federal Government is in urgent need of reform; (2) the number of people with access to classified information is exceedingly high and must be justified or reduced; (3) reforms are necessary to reestablish trust between the Federal Government and the people of the United States; and (4) classification should be limited to the minimum necessary to protect national security while balancing the public’s interest in disclosure. 3. Classification authority (a) In general The authority to classify information originally may be exercised only by— (1) the President and, in the discharge of executive duties and responsibilities, the Vice President; (2) the head or any other official of any agency authorized by the President pursuant to a designation of such authority in the Federal Register