; and (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (3) a person to knowingly aid or facilitate a violation of paragraph (1) or (2). . (d) Indirect contributions Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 ( 52 U.S.C. 30121 ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (c) Indirect contributions For purposes of this section, a person shall be treated as having indirectly made a contribution, donation, expenditure, or disbursement described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (a)(1) if such person has made a contribution or donation to a person with a designation, instruction, or encumbrance (whether direct or indirect, express or implied, oral or written, or involving intermediaries or conduits) which results in any part of such contribution, donation, expenditure, or disbursement being used for an activity described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (a)(1). . (e) Enforcement provisions Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 ( 52 U.S.C. 30121 ), as amended by subsection (d), is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (d) Enforcement (1) Use of certification as a defense (A) In general In the case of any allegation that a person has violated subsection (a), any person alleged in the complaint may, in connection with a response to such allegation under section 309(a)(1), submit, under penalty of perjury, a certification that no such violation has occurred. (B) Effect of submission The Commission shall take into consideration any certification submitted under subparagraph (A) in making a determination under section 309(a)(2) whether there is reason to believe such violation has occurred. (2) Limitation on investigations (A) In general If the Commission makes a determination under section 309(a)(2) that there is reason to believe a violation of subsection (a) has occurred or is about to occur, any investigation of such alleged violation shall be limited in scope to the factual matter necessary to determine