; Whereas the United States and the Kingdom of Bahrain committed to continue joint planning to confront threats to either country, including attacks from Iranian proxy groups; Whereas the United States and the Kingdom of Bahrain agreed to strengthen their joint military and defense capabilities and improve force interoperability, including by increasing bilateral provision of defense articles and services; and Whereas CSIPA provides for the United States and the Kingdom of Bahrain to cooperatively deter, identify, and confront external aggression or threats of external aggression against the United States or the Kingdom of Bahrain, including in the military, economic, or political realms: Now, therefore, be it