; and (III) constructing, expanding, or improving airfield infrastructure to include aprons and terminal buildings the Secretary of Transportation determines will facilitate disaster response at the airport. (ii) The requirements described in this clause are the following: (I) The airport and the facilities and fixed-based operators on, or connected with, the airport are operated and maintained in a manner the Secretary of Transportation considers suitable for disaster relief. An airport shall not be considered as failing to meet the requirement under the preceding sentence if a runway is unusable because the runway is under scheduled maintenance or is in need of necessary repairs. (II) The airport has developed an emergency natural disaster management plan in coordination with State and local officials. . 647. Visual weather observation systems (a) In general Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator shall finalize research of VWOS and develop standard operation specifications for operator use. (b) Deployment Not later than 180 days after completing the tasks required by subsection (a), the Administrator shall begin deployment of VWOS at locations in the non-contiguous States with instrument flight rules operations where AWOS or ASOS do not exist. (c) Modifications Upon the request of an aircraft operator, the Administrator shall issue or modify the standard operation specifications for VWOS developed under subsection (a) to allow VWOS to be used to satisfy the requirements for supplemental noncertified local weather observations under section 322 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 ( 49 U.S.C. 44720 note). (d) Report Not later than September 30, 2028, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the implementation of this section. (e) Definitions In this section: (1) ASOS The term ASOS means an Automated Surface Observing System. (2) AWOS The term AWOS means an Automated Weather Observation System. (3) VWOS The term VWOS