1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Supreme Court Tenure Establishment and Retirement Modernization Act of 2023 . 2. Supreme Court terms of office (a) In general Chapter 1 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 7. Appointment (a) Regular appointment of justices The President shall, during the first and third years after a year in which there is a Presidential election, nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint one justice of the Supreme Court. (b) Exclusive method of appointment The President shall not appoint any justice of the Supreme Court except as provided in this section. (c) Limitation on repeat appointments An individual, once confirmed by the Senate, may only serve one 18-year term as a Supreme Court Justice. (d) Senate confirmation (1) In general The Senate shall exercise its authority to provide advice and consent on nominations made under subsection (a) not later than 90 days after the date on which the individual is nominated by the President. (2) Withdrawal or disapproval If the President withdraws a nomination under subsection (a) or the Senate disapproves such a nomination, the President shall make another nomination under subsection (a). The Senate shall exercise its authority to provide advice and consent on such a subsequent nomination not later than 120 days after the date on which the individual is nominated by the President. 8. Duration of active service (a) New justices Each justice shall serve in regular active service for 18 years beginning on the date on which the justice is sworn in, after which the justice shall be deemed to have retired from regular active service under section 371. (b) Current justices Each justice who was appointed before the date of enactment of this section and who is serving as a justice on the date of enactment of this section shall, notwithstanding the period of service of the justice, in order of duration of service beginning with the justice who has served on the Supreme Court for