; (B) a school operated pursuant to the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act ( 25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq. ); or (C) a tribally controlled school (as such term is defined in section 5212 of the Tribally Controlled Schools Act of 1988 ( 25 U.S.C. 2511 )). (9) ESEA terms The terms local educational agency and State educational agency have the meanings given such terms in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 7801 ). (10) Institution of higher education The term institution of higher education has the meaning given such term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 ). (11) Operations research The term operations research means the application of scientific methods to the management and administration of organized military, governmental, commercial, and industrial processes to maximize operational efficiency. (12) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Education. (13) Statistical problem-solving process The term statistical problem-solving process means a framework for decisionmaking that includes the following components: (A) Formulating statistical investigative questions. (B) Collecting and considering the data. (C) Analyzing the data. (D) Interpreting the results. (14) Statistics The term statistics means the science of learning from data and of measuring and communicating uncertainty. (15) STEM fields The term STEM fields means the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and the fields of statistics and computer science. (16) Underrepresented student The term underrepresented student — (A) means a student from a population that is traditionally underrepresented in STEM fields; and (B) includes— (i) female students; (ii) students of color