1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Preventing Ethnic Cleansing and Atrocities in Nagorno-Karabakh Act of 2023 . 2. Findings Congress makes the following findings: (1) In September 2020, Azerbaijan invaded Nagorno-Karabakh, resulting in conflict in which more than 6,500 people in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Nagorno-Karabakh were killed. (2) According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Azerbaijan’s 2020 invasion resulted in the displacement of more than 91,000 individuals from Nagorno-Karabakh, with the vast majority, primarily women and children, living in a refugee-like situation in the war’s aftermath. (3) People displaced by Azerbaijan’s invasion of Nagorno-Karabakh continue to have acute humanitarian needs, including access to drinking water and health care. (4) Human Rights Watch found that Azerbaijani forces indiscriminately used cluster munitions and artillery rockets against civilian targets and destroyed civilian infrastructure, including hospitals and schools during the 2020 war. (5) In September 2022, Azerbaijan unleashed another assault on Armenian territory, including the cities of Vardenis, Sotk, Artanish, Ishkhanasar, Goris, and Kapan, which killed almost 400 military personnel. (6) Azerbaijani forces shelled Armenian communities in September 2022, killing at least 4 civilians, injuring 14, and displacing at least 7,600 people, including almost 1,500 children and 100 people with disabilities. (7) In December 2022, Azerbaijan imposed a blockade of the Lachin Corridor, a road by which 90 percent of food consumed by residents of Nagorno-Karabakh previously entered the enclave. (8) The International Court of Justice ordered Azerbaijan in February 2023 to ensure unimpeded movement of persons, vehicles, and cargo along the Lachin Corridor in both directions , a ruling with which it has failed to comply. (9) Azerbaijan’s installation of a military checkpoint in the Lachin Corridor in April 2023 further threatened the supply of urgent humanitarian goods to Nagorno-Karabakh.