1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Modern Authentication of Pharmaceuticals Act of 2023 . 2. Modernizing the authentication of controlled substances in the pharmaceutical distribution supply chain (a) In general Section 582(a)(9) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360eee–1(a)(9) ) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking and at the end; (2) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C); and (3) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following: (B) a physical chemical identifier shall be included in or on each dose of a product that is— (i) a controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act); (ii) in solid oral dosage form; and (iii) manufactured on or after the date that is five years after the date of enactment of the Modern Authentication of Pharmaceuticals Act of 2023 ; and . (b) Conforming changes (1) Section 581(14) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360eee(14) ) is amended to read as follows: (14) Product identifier The term product identifier means— (A) a standardized graphic that includes, in both human-readable form and on a machine-readable data carrier that conforms to the standards developed by a widely recognized international standards development organization, the standardized numerical identifier, lot number, and expiration date of the product; or (B) a physical chemical identifier, possessing a unique physical or chemical substance or combination of substances, that— (i) is in or on a product; (ii) is machine readable