; (4) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows: (c) Student traineeships, fellowships, and other models (1) In general The Director of the National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of agencies the Director considers appropriate, shall award grants to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof) to increase capacity and broaden participation, including through provisioning of experiential opportunities, where appropriate, in quantum information science, engineering, and technology and other related disciplines. (2) Quantum traineeships The Director of the National Science Foundation may establish or use existing programs to make awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof) to provide traineeships to graduate students at institutions of higher education within the United States who are citizens of the United States and who choose or plan to pursue masters or doctoral degrees in quantum information science, engineering, and technology, or related fields, and by providing students with opportunities for research experiences in government or industry related to such students’ quantum studies. (3) Quantum fellowships and scholarships (A) In general The Director of the National Science Foundation may establish or use existing programs to support fellowships and scholarships for students at institutions of higher education for the purpose of increasing quantum information science, engineering, and technology exposure for undergraduate and graduate STEM students and increasing post-graduation employment opportunities for STEM students. (B) Requirements Eligible participants in the fellowship and scholarship program shall— (i) be enrolled in or have graduated from a STEM degree program at a domestic institution of higher education