; (10) Pakistan, where religious minorities face killings, lynchings, mob violence, forced conversions, and sexual violence for their religious identities; (11) Russia, where laws on terrorism and extremism are used to target religious minorities such as Jehovah’s Witnesses, Muslims, and members of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church for their beliefs; (12) Tajikistan, where the government represses the display of public religiosity by individuals of all faiths and institutes strict restrictions against Muslims, including a ban on beards and hijabs; (13) Turkmenistan, where the government controls all aspects of religious life and expression, monitors religious practice, and punishes nonconformity through administrative harassment, imprisonment, and torture; and (14) Russian-occupied areas of Ukraine, where the Russian military has reportedly perpetrated 43 cases of targeted persecution of the clergy and more than 109 acts pressuring churches and religious figures representing Orthodox Christians, Ukrainian Greek-Catholics, Roman Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and Jehovah’s Witnesses since the launch of its full-scale invasion in February 2022; Whereas violent extremists and non-state actors continue to capitalize upon violence and instability in countries to perpetrate serious human rights violations against religious minorities, including in— (1) Latin America, where criminal gangs and paramilitary groups threaten and displace indigenous communities, destroy places of worship, and forcibly require conversion or renunciation of ancestral practices; (2) Nigeria, where violent, non-state militant groups such as Boko Haram target Christians, as well as persons engaged in un-Islamic activities, including Muslim critics and elders; (3) the Sahel region of Africa, where violent extremist organizations threaten violence against Christians who do not convert to Islam