1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Healthy Soils Healthy Climate Act of 2023 . 2. Amendments to the Food Security Act of 1985 (a) Increased payments for high-Priority practices Section 1240B(d)(7)(A) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(d)(7)(A) ) is amended— (1) in clause (iii), by striking or at the end; (2) in clause (iv), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; or ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (v) increases soil organic carbon levels. . (b) Incentive payments for soil health practices and carbon sequestration monitoring (1) In general Section 1240B of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (k) Incentive payments for soil health practices and carbon sequestration monitoring (1) Provision of payments The Secretary shall provide incentive payments under this subsection to producers to adopt practices designed to increase soil organic carbon levels. (2) Requirements In providing the incentive payments under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall establish— (A) payments to provide an incentive for the use of practices across a variety of geographic regions; (B) regionally appropriate protocols for measuring soil organic carbon levels and soil microbiology levels before and after treatment under this subsection to measure gains in soil health as a result of the practices; and (C) protocols and record keeping standards for in-field sampling to ensure consistency and the development of new carbon and ecosystem services markets. (3) Priority In providing incentive payments under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give priority to providing the payments to— (A) small producers, as determined by the Secretary; (B) producers in rural areas, as determined by the Secretary; and (C) socially disadvantaged farmers, as determined by the Secretary. (4) Study