; and (3) to expand partnerships between the Department of Defense, particularly existing cyber red teams, and academia to expand the cyber talent workforce. (c) Assessment The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall, in coordination with the Director of the National Security Agency, review the plan submitted pursuant to subsection (a) and in doing so shall conduct an assessment of the plan with consideration of the following: (1) Opportunities for cyber red team operations to expand across the competition continuum, including during the cooperation and competition phases, strongly emphasizing pre-conflict preparation of the battlespace to better match adversary positioning and cyber activities, including operational security assessments to strengthen the ability of the Department to gain and maintain a tactical advantage. (2) The extent to which critical and emerging technologies and concepts such as artificial intelligence and machine learning enabled analysis and process automation can reduce the amount of person hours operators spend on maintenance and reporting to maximize research and training time. (3) Identification of training requirements, and changes to training, sustainment practices, or concepts of operation or employment that may be needed to ensure the effectiveness, suitability, and sustainability of the next generation of cyber red teams. (4) The extent to which additional resources or partnerships may be needed to remediate personnel shortfalls in cyber red teams, including funding for internship programs, hiring, and contracting. (d) Implementation Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall issue such policies and guidance and prescribe such regulations as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out the plan required by subsection (a). (e) Annual reports Not later than January 31, 2025, and not less frequently than annually thereafter until January 31, 2031, the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall include in the