; and (II) collaborate with other Federal agencies, as appropriate. (B) National Science Foundation (i) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024 , the Secretary and the Director of the National Science Foundation (referred to in this subparagraph as the “Director”) shall coordinate the activities under paragraph (1) through the establishment of memoranda of understanding or other appropriate interagency agreements. Such a memorandum or such an agreement shall require the use of a competitive, merit-reviewed process as appropriate. Activities may include components proposed by Federal agencies, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and other entities deemed appropriate under the memorandum or agreement. (ii) Coordination In carrying out the activities under paragraph (1), the Secretary and the Director may— (I) conduct collaborative research in a variety of focus areas; (II) promote collaboration and open, community-based development between— (aa) Federal agencies; (bb) institutions of higher education; (cc) community colleges (as defined in section 3167B of the Energy Science Education Enhancement Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7381c–3 )); (dd) area career and technical education schools (as defined in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 ( 20 U.S.C. 2302 )); (ee) nonprofit institutions; (ff) industry partners; and (gg) other entities deemed appropriate under the memorandum or agreement; (III) support research infrastructure, including new facilities, equipment and broadband deployment, as the Secretary and Director determine necessary; (IV) develop translational technologies for commercial utilization; (V) organize education, training, and research initiatives relating to STEM education and workforce development, which may include— (aa) activities supported by the Cooperative Extension System; (bb) industrial partnership programs