; and (B) issued on or after the date of enactment of this Act. (2) The modifications of statutory and regulatory provisions relating to debt discharge described by the Department of Education in the Federal Register on October 12, 2022 (87 Fed. Reg. 61514). (3) A final rule that is substantially similar to the proposed rule on Improving Income-Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program published by the Department of Education in the Federal Register on January 11, 2023 (88 Fed. Reg. 1894 et seq.). (b) Prohibition The Secretary of Education may not implement any executive action or rule specified in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a) (or a substantially similar executive action or rule), except as expressly authorized by an Act of Congress. 212. Limitation on authority of Secretary to propose or issue regulations and executive actions Part G of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1088 et seq. ) is amended by inserting after section 492 the following: 492A. Limitation on authority of the Secretary to propose or issue regulations and executive actions (a) Draft regulations Beginning after the date of enactment of this section, a draft regulation implementing this title (as described in section 492(b)(1)) that is determined by the Secretary to be economically significant shall be subject to the following requirements (regardless of whether negotiated rulemaking occurs): (1) The Secretary shall determine whether the draft regulation, if implemented, would result in an increase in a subsidy cost resulting from a loan modification. (2) If the Secretary determines under paragraph (1) that the draft regulation would result in an increase in a subsidy cost resulting from a loan modification, then the Secretary may take no further action with respect to such regulation. (b) Proposed or final regulations and executive actions Notwithstanding any other provision of law, beginning after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary may not issue a proposed rule,