; (2) an effective, whole-of-government approach is essential to meeting the gray zone challenges posed by competitors of the United States; and (3) since gray zone activity takes place below the threshold of kinetic military conflict and since narrative formation is frequently a critical aspect of gray zone campaigns, the Department of State should take a preeminent role in coordinating, within applicable interagency processes, the disparate means of national power as the United States seeks to respond to adversary gray zone campaigns. 4. Statement of policy It is the policy of the United States to— (1) seek effective responses, particularly at the Department of State, to adversary gray zone campaigns and to recognize the paramount importance of such responses to the national interests of the United States; (2) continue upholding the international rule of law and the rules-based international order, which is a core national security interest of the United States; and (3) call on United States allies and partners to employ sufficient national resources to equitably contribute to the response to gray zone challenges. 5. Evaluation of national capacities for conducting gray zone operations (a) Report Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall conduct a review and submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the processes and capabilities by which the United States responds to gray zone campaigns and recommendations to enhance such processes and capabilities. (b) Elements The report required by subsection (a) shall include— (1) an assessment of the capability and capacity of the United States interagency to— (A) identify adversary activity as a gray zone campaign, including the adversary’s intent, capabilities, interactive effects, and impact on United States interests; (B) devise effective theories of deterrence