1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Prioritizing Medical Countermeasures for National Security Act of 2023 . 2. Extension and expansion of medical countermeasure priority review voucher program (a) Definition of medical countermeasure application Subsection (a)(4) of section 565A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360bbb–4a ) is amended— (1) in the paragraph heading, by striking Material threat medical and inserting Medical ; (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking material threat ; and (3) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows: (A) is a human drug application for a drug that is— (i) labeled for an indication to prevent or treat a disease or condition specifically caused by a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear agent; and (ii) part of a class or category of drug on the list described in subsection (b) at the time of approval of the application. . (b) List of medical countermeasures for national security threats Section 565A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360bbb–4a ) is amended— (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (g) as subsections (c) through (g) and (i), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subsection (a), the following: (b) List of medical countermeasures for national security threats (1) In general The Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, in consultation with the Public Health Emergency Medical Enterprise established under section 2801 of the Public Health Service Act, including the Secretary of Defense, shall establish and maintain a list of potentially eligible classes and categories of drugs that are identified as necessary to prevent or treat the diseases and conditions specifically caused by a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear agent that— (A) has the potential to lead to a public health emergency with significant potential to affect national security