1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Allowing Military Exemptions, Recognizing Individual Concerns About New Shots Act of 2023 or the AMERICANS Act . 2. Remedies for members of the Armed Forces discharged or subject to adverse action under the COVID–19 vaccine mandate (a) Limitation on imposition of new mandate The Secretary of Defense may not issue any COVID–19 vaccine mandate as a replacement for the mandate rescinded under section 525 of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 absent a further Act of Congress expressly authorizing a replacement mandate. (b) Remedies Section 736 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 ( Public Law 117–81 ; 10 U.S.C. 1161 note prec.) is amended— (1) in the section heading, by striking to obey lawful order to receive and inserting to receive ; (2) in subsection (a)— (A) by striking a lawful order and inserting an order ; and (B) by striking shall be and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting shall be an honorable discharge. ; (3) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (e); and (4) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new subsections: (b) Prohibition on adverse action The Secretary of Defense may not take any adverse action against a covered member based solely on the refusal of such member to receive a vaccine for COVID–19. (c) Remedies available for a covered member discharged or subject to adverse action based on COVID–19 status At the election of a covered member discharged or subject to adverse action based on the member's COVID–19 vaccination status, and upon application through a process established by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary shall— (1) adjust to honorable discharge the status of the member if— (A) the member was separated from the Armed Forces based solely on the failure of the member to obey an order to receive a vaccine for COVID–19