; or (ii) any activity protected by the speech or debate clause of the Constitution of the United States. (C) Noncitizens described A noncitizen described in this subparagraph is a noncitizen who is authorized to be employed in the United States. (D) Transmissions through restricted countries (i) In general On and after the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of the Protecting Americans' Data From Foreign Surveillance Act of 2023 , and except as provided in clause (iii), the term export includes the transmission of data through a restricted country, without regard to whether the person originating the transmission had knowledge of or control over the path of the transmission. (ii) Exceptions Clause (i) does not apply with respect to a transmission of data through a restricted country if— (I) the data is encrypted as described in subsection (b)(4)(A)(iii); or (II) the person that originated the transmission received a representation from the party delivering the data for the person stating that the data will not transit through a restricted country. (iii) False representations If a party delivering covered personal data as described in clause (ii)(II) transmits the data directly or indirectly through a restricted country despite making the representation described in clause (ii)(II), that party shall be liable for violating this section. (6) Foreign adversary The term foreign adversary has the meaning given that term in section 8(c)(2) of the Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019 ( 47 U.S.C. 1607(c)(2) ). (7) In-country transfer; reexport The terms in-country transfer and reexport , with respect to personal data, shall have the meanings given those terms in regulations prescribed by the Secretary. (8) Lawfully admitted for permanent residence