; Whereas 16 States have failed to take advantage of the Federal option to expand access to the Medicaid program under title XIX of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq. ) and the Children’s Health Insurance Program under title XXI of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1397aa et seq. ) to lawfully residing immigrant children within the first 5 years of lawful status, and 26 States have failed to do so for similarly situated pregnant women; Whereas between 2016 and 2018, the child uninsured rate increased from 4.7 percent to 5.2 percent and the Latino child uninsured rate increased from 7.7 percent to 8.1 percent, and children of color are far more likely to be uninsured than White children; Whereas a climate of fear and confusion for immigrant families due to the public charge rule discourages such families from enrolling eligible children in the Medicaid program and the Children’s Health Insurance Program; Whereas Pacific Islanders from the Freely Associated States experience unique health disparities resulting from United States nuclear weapons tests on their home islands, but such people have been categorically denied access to Medicaid and other Federal health benefits; Whereas the United States has historically facilitated outsider status toward Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, such as the authorization of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, which resulted in profound economic, social, and psychological burdens for the people impacted; Whereas the history and persistence of racist and nonscientific medical beliefs are associated with ongoing racial disparities in treatment and health outcomes; Whereas implicit racial and ethnic biases within the health care system have an impact on the quality of care experienced by communities of color, such as the undertreatment of pain in Black patients