1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Water Infrastructure Enhancement Act of 2023 . 2. Water Infrastructure Enhancement Part E of the Safe Drinking Water Act ( 42 U.S.C. 300j et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 1459H. Water Infrastructure Enhancement (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Area of persistent poverty The term area of persistent poverty means— (A) any county (or equivalent jurisdiction) in which, during the 30-year period ending on the date of enactment of this section, 20 percent or more of the population continually lived in poverty, as measured by— (i) the 1990 decennial census; (ii) the 2000 decennial census; and (iii) the most recent annual small area income and poverty estimate of the Bureau of the Census; (B) any census tract with a poverty rate of not less than 20 percent, as measured by the 5-year data series available from the American Community Survey of the Bureau of the Census for the period of 2014 through 2018