November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations of the United States. (3) Exception to comply with intelligence, law enforcement, and other national security activities Sanctions under subsection (b) shall not apply with respect to a foreign person if such foreign person is a subject or target of, or otherwise involved in, an intelligence, law enforcement, or national security activity of the United States, as determined by the President. (d) Waivers (1) In general The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign person for a period not to exceed 180 days if the President— (A) determines that such a waiver is vital to the national interests of the United States