; and (2) any rules in addition to those transmitted under paragraph (1) pursuant to section 2074 of title 28, United States Code. 9. Studies and reports (a) Studies (1) In general Beginning on the date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and every other year thereafter, the Director of the Federal Judicial Center shall conduct a study on the extent of compliance or noncompliance with the requirements of sections 144 and 455 of title 28, United States Code. (2) Additional time With respect to the first such study required to be submitted under paragraph (1), the requirements of that paragraph may be implemented after the date described in that paragraph if the Director of the Federal Judicial Center identifies in writing to the relevant committees of Congress the additional time needed for submission of the study. (3) Facilitation of studies The Director of the Federal Judicial Center shall maintain a record of each instance in which— (A) a justice, judge, magistrate judge, or bankruptcy judge of the United States was not assigned to a case due to potential or actual conflicts; and (B) a justice, judge, magistrate judge, or bankruptcy judge of the United States disqualifies themselves after a case assignment is made. (b) Reports to Congress Not later than April 1 of each year following the completion of the study required under subsection (a), the Director of the Federal Judicial Center shall submit to Congress a report containing the findings of the study and any recommendations to improve compliance with sections 144 and 455 of title 28, United States Code. (c) GAO review Not later than 1 year after the date on which the report is submitted under subsection (b), and every 5 years thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report containing— (1) an evaluation of the methodology and findings of the study required under subsection (a)