; or (ii) 6 or more retail outlets offering motor vehicle fuel for sale, shall offer for sale motor vehicle gasoline of not less than 98 research octane number at no fewer than 60 percent of those retail outlets. (b) Violations Any person that violates— (1) subsection (a)(1), (a)(2)(A)(i), or (a)(2)(B)(i) shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 for each day on which the violation continues; and (2) subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii) or (a)(2)(B)(ii) shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $2,500 per day for each retail outlet owned, leased, operated, controlled, or supervised by that person. 266. Regulations The Administrator shall— (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Next Generation Fuels Act of 2023 , propose regulations to carry out this part; and (2) not later than 2 years after that date of enactment, finalize regulations to carry out this part. 267. Liability limitation and preemption (a) Limitation of liability A manufacturer of a motor vehicle, or a gasoline retailer, that is in compliance with the requirements of this part and the requirements of sections 203(e) and 206 of the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, shall not be liable under any provision of this Act or any other Federal, State, or local law, including common law, for damages— (1) to or caused by a motor vehicle described in section 261(b); and (2) that would not have occurred but for the introduction of gasoline with a research octane number required by this part. (b) Preemption No State or any political subdivision of a State may adopt, continue in effect, or enforce, any provision of law or regulation— (1) requiring motor vehicles to operate using gasoline with a certain octane content, or the corresponding design of equipment for dispensing such gasoline into such motor vehicles, unless the provision of that law or regulation is the same as the corresponding provision under this part; or (2) limiting the concentration of ethanol in motor vehicle gasoline. 268. Civil actions