; and (B) the operation of energy systems. . (b) Securing critical energy resource supply chains (1) In general In carrying out the requirements of the Department of Energy Organization Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq. ), the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the appropriate Federal agencies, representatives of the energy sector, States, and other stakeholders, shall— (A) conduct ongoing assessments of— (i) energy resource criticality based on the importance of critical energy resources to the development of energy technologies and the supply of energy; (ii) the critical energy resource supply chain of the United States; (iii) the vulnerability of such supply chain; and (iv) how the energy security of the United States is affected by the reliance of the United States on importation of critical energy resources; (B) facilitate development of strategies to strengthen critical energy resource supply chains in the United States, including by— (i) diversifying the sources of the supply of critical energy resources; and (ii) increasing domestic production, separation, and processing of critical energy resources; (C) develop substitutes and alternatives to critical energy resources; and (D) improve technology that reuses and recycles critical energy resources. (2) Report Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this title, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress a report containing— (A) the results of the ongoing assessments conducted under paragraph (1)(A); (B) a description of any actions taken pursuant to the Department of Energy Organization Act to mitigate potential effects of critical energy resource supply chain disruptions on energy technologies or the operation of energy systems