after opening fire on an LGBTQ+ nightclub in Colorado Springs, Colorado. (17) In response to the COVID–19 pandemic, Asian Americans have suffered an increasing number of hate crimes. According to Stop AAPI Hate, nearly 11,500 hate incidents toward Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders were reported between March 2020 and March 2022. (18) The Anti-Defamation League (commonly known as the ADL ) annually surveys and reports anti-Semitic hate incidents across the country. In 2022, the ADL reported a 36-percent increase in anti-Semitic incidents compared to 2021. (19) In the original 2021 Hate Crime Statistics published by the FBI in December 2022, the FBI acknowledged the significant discrepancy in reporting from local law enforcement agencies as a result of transitioning to the National Incident-Based Reporting System. Due to the lack of reporting by local enforcement agencies, the FBI acknowledged that the 2021 Hate Crime Statistics cannot be compared reliably across years. (20) In March 2023, the FBI released supplemental data for the 2021 Hate Crime Statistics consisting of data collected through the Summary Reporting System by local law enforcement agencies. (21) There is a clear need for stronger action to accurately report and effectively combat hate-based attacks. 3. Establishment of commission (a) Establishment There is established the United States Commission on Hate Crimes (in this Act referred to as the Commission ). (b) Membership (1) Size of Commission The Commission shall be composed of 12 members. (2) Appointment Members of the Commission shall be appointed in accordance with the following: (A) Two members shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate. (B) Two members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate. (C) Two members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. (D) Two members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives. (E) Two members shall be appointed by the Attorney General. (F) Two members shall be appointed by