1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Refuge System Protection Act of 2023 . 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Damages The term damages means— (A) compensation for— (i) (I) the cost of replacing, restoring, or acquiring the equivalent of a system resource; and (II) the value of any significant loss of use of a system resource, pending— (aa) restoration or replacement of the system resource; or (bb) the acquisition of an equivalent resource; or (ii) the value of a system resource, if the system resource cannot be replaced or restored; and (B) the cost of any relevant damage assessment carried out pursuant to section 4(c). (2) Response cost The term response cost means the cost of any action carried out by the Secretary— (A) to prevent, minimize, or abate the destruction or loss of, or injury to, a system resource; (B) to abate or minimize the imminent risk of any destruction, loss, or injury described in subparagraph (A); or (C) to monitor the ongoing effects of any incident causing any destruction, loss, or injury described in subparagraph (A). (3) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior. (4) System resource The term system resource means any living, nonliving, historical, cultural, or archeological resource that is located within the boundaries of— (A) a unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System; (B) a unit of the National Fish Hatchery System; or (C) any other land or water managed by the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, including any land or water managed cooperatively with any other Federal or State agency. 3. Actions (a) In general The Attorney General, at the request of the Secretary, may bring in the district court of the United States of appropriate jurisdiction— (1) a civil action against any individual or entity that— (A) destroys, causes the loss of, or injures any system resource; or (B) causes the Secretary to carry out any action to prevent, minimize, or abate the destruction or loss of, or injury or risk to, any system resource