America for decades to come. (3) Second occupation of Mexico From March 16, 1916, through February 14, 1917, an expeditionary force of more than 14,000 United States Army troops was sent into northern Mexico. These forces were instructed to engage in the singular pursuit of capturing Mexican revolutionary Francisco Pancho Villa. President Woodrow Wilson ordered this expedition in response to Villa’s army’s raid of Colombus, New Mexico, on March 9, 1916, which killed 17 United States citizens. Over the course of the next 11 months, multiple battles occurred in Mexico between Pancho Villa’s forces and United States forces, leaving a total 15 United States citizens and 251 Mexicans dead. Mexican President Venustiano Carranza viewed the United States expedition in pursuit of Villa as a clear violation of Mexican sovereignty. The expedition ended before Villa was ever captured, and United States forces eventually withdrew from Mexico on February 14, 1917, in order to consolidate forces to fight in World War I in Europe. (4) First occupation of the Dominican Republic On May 13, 1916, a contingent of the United States Marine Corps landed on the shores of the Dominican Republic with the goal of militarily occupying the island nation due to concerns about the possible German use of the Dominican Republic as a base for attacks on the United States during World War I. After 2 months of fighting, the United States military took control of the nation, established a government, and continued to occupy the island for 8 years before withdrawing on September 18, 1924. By the time United States forces withdrew, 144 marines had died and 50 were injured. The 8-year occupation also resulted in 950 Dominican casualties between those who died and those who were injured in the conflict. (5) Second occupation of Nicaragua On January 24, 1927, when Nicaragua was embroiled in another civil war that threatened United States business and diplomatic interests in the region, 3,000 United States Marines were deployed to Nicaragua by President