; (B) intimidation or threats of punitive actions; and (C) informal actions that take place without explicit government action. (5) Existing mechanisms for trade dispute resolution and international arbitration are inadequate for responding to economic coercion in a timely and effective manner as foreign adversaries exploit plausible deniability and lengthy processes to evade accountability. (6) The United States should provide meaningful economic and political support to allies and partners affected by economic coercion. (7) Supporting foreign trading partners affected by economic coercion can lead to opportunities for United States businesses, investors, and workers to reach new markets and customers. (8) Responding to economic coercion will be most effective when the United States provides relief to affected foreign trading partners in coordination with allies and like-minded countries. (9) Such coordination will further demonstrate broad resolve against economic coercion. 3. Amendment to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act The International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 209. Authorities to combat economic coercion by foreign adversaries (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Appropriate congressional committees The term appropriate congressional committees — (A) means— (i) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and (ii) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and (B) includes— (i) with respect to the exercise of any authority under subsection (c)(1)(A), (c)(1)(D), or (c)(2)— (I) the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and (II) the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives; and (ii) with respect to the exercise of any authority under subsection (c)(1)(B) or (b)(1)(G)— (I) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and (II) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives