; or (2) through partnerships between agricultural professionals and small groups of agricultural operations participating in the program. (d) Use An entity that receives a grant under this section directly or through a partnership in accordance with subsection (c) shall carry out an on-farm conservation innovation project that— (1) facilitates on-farm research and demonstration or pilot testing of new technologies or innovative conservation systems and practices that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decarbonize agriculture; (2) facilitates on-farm research and demonstration or pilot testing of practices and systems with a proven high impact for greenhouse gas emissions reduction and decarbonization and low national or regional adoption rates; or (3) helps to prepare program participants for participation in environmental services markets that have as a primary goal greenhouse gas emissions reduction or decarbonization of agriculture. (e) Incentive payments (1) Agreements (A) In general In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall enter into agreements with agricultural operations (directly or through governmental or nongovernmental organizations involved in a partnership with 1 or more agricultural operations) on whose land an on-farm conservation innovation project is being carried out under this section to provide payments to the agricultural operations to assist with adopting and evaluating new or innovative conservation approaches to achieve conservation benefits. (B) Amount Payments provided under subparagraph (A) shall reflect the direct costs of the research and demonstration and compensation for foregone income, as appropriate to address the increased economic risk or lower economic return potentially associated with the applicable innovative conservation approach. (2) Adjusted gross income requirements (A) In general Adjusted gross income requirements under section 1001D(b)(1) shall— (i) apply to producers receiving payments under this subsection