1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Spent Fuel Prioritization Act of 2023 . 2. Acceptance priority for high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel Section 302(a) of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 ( 42 U.S.C. 10222(a) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (7) In determining the order in which the Secretary will accept high-level radioactive waste or spent nuclear fuel for disposal or storage, the Secretary shall prioritize high-level radioactive waste or spent nuclear fuel from a civilian nuclear power reactor based on the operating status of the civilian nuclear power reactor, the population of the area in which the civilian nuclear power reactor is located, the earthquake hazard of the area in which the civilian nuclear power reactor is located, and national security risk related to the continued storage of high-level radioactive waste or spent nuclear fuel in the area in which the civilian nuclear power reactor is located, giving highest priority to a civilian nuclear power reactor that is— (A) decommissioned or decommissioning; (B) located in an area, as determined by the Secretary, the population of which is the largest; (C) located in an area with the highest hazard of an earthquake, as indicated by the Seismic Hazard Maps published by the Director of the United States Geological Survey pursuant to section 5(b)(3)(J) of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977; and (D) located in an area, as determined by the Secretary (in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security), where the continued storage of high-level radioactive waste or spent nuclear fuel poses a significant national security concern. .