1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Ending Punitive, Unfair, School-based Harm that is Overt and Unresponsive to Trauma Act of 2023 or the Ending PUSHOUT Act of 2023 . 2. Purpose It is the purpose of this Act to— (1) strengthen data collection related to exclusionary discipline practices in schools and the discriminatory application of such practices, which disproportionately pushes students of color, particularly girls of color, out of school; (2) eliminate the discriminatory use and overuse of exclusionary discipline practices based on actual or perceived race, ethnicity, color, national origin, sex (including sexual orientation, gender identity, pregnancy, childbirth, a medical condition related to pregnancy or childbirth, parenting status, or other stereotype related to sex), or disability; (3) eliminate all unnecessary loss of instructional time due to unsound or excessive use of formal and informal disciplinary removal from instructional settings; and (4) prevent the criminalization and pushout of students from school, especially Black and Brown girls, as a result of educational barriers that include discrimination, adultification, punitive discipline policies and practices, and a failure to recognize and support students with mental health needs or experiencing trauma. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Act of insubordination The term act of insubordination means an act that disrupts a school activity or instance when a student willfully defies the valid authority of a school official. (2) Appearance or grooming policy The term appearance or grooming policy means any practice, policy, or portion of a student conduct code that governs or restricts the appearance of students, including policies that— (A) restrict or prescribe clothing that a student may wear (including hijabs, headwraps, or bandanas); (B) restrict specific hair styles (such as braids, locs, twists, Bantu knots, cornrows, extensions, or afros)