1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Federal Employee Pay Compression Relief Act of 2023 . 2. Federal employee COLA and locality adjustment pay cap removal (a) Title 5 Title 5, United States Code, is amended— (1) in section 5303, by amending subsection (f) to read as follows: (f) Adjustments to the basic pay of an employee or for a position under this section shall be disregarded when determining if the pay of such employee or for such position exceeds a limit established under this title on the total or maximum of such pay. ; (2) in section 5304— (A) by striking subsection (g); and (B) by redesignating subsections (h) and (i) as subsections (g) and (h), respectively; (3) in section 5305(g)— (A) by striking paragraph (2); (B) by striking (1) The benefit and inserting The benefit ; and (C) by striking paragraph (2) and ; (4) in section 5306, by striking subsection (e); (5) in section 5307(a)(2)— (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ; or and inserting a semicolon; (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; or ; and (C) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: (D) section 5304. ; (6) in section 5372(b)(4)— (A) by striking Subject to paragraph (1) and inserting (A) Subject to paragraph (1) and except as provided by subparagraph (B) ; and (B) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: (B) For the purposes of determining whether the rate of basic pay for an administrative law judge meets the maximum rate of basic pay payable under paragraph (1), any adjustments under subparagraph (A) and any locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar payment shall be excluded from the rate of basic pay of the administrative law judge. ; (7) in section 5373— (A) in subsection (b), by striking (including any portion of such pay attributable to comparability with private-sector pay in a locality)