; (2) in May 2021, in Arizona, where Governor Doug Ducey signed House bill 2035, which would require parental consent for a child to learn about topics such as the Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples; and (3) in 2021, when Arkansas, Florida, Montana, and Tennessee enacted laws that treat instruction related to LGBTQI+ people in history, science, the arts, or any academic class as a sensitive topic that requires parental notification and allows parents to opt their child out of such instruction; Whereas these laws harm students and force parents to consider leaving their homes, as demonstrated in a Williams Institute report, which found that 56 percent of LGBTQI+ parents of students in Florida considered moving out of Florida and 16.5 percent have taken steps to move out of Florida because of House bill 1557; Whereas States have gone farther by specifically targeting transgender students and their parents with laws that attack transgender students’ mental health counseling and gender-affirming care, including— (1) in 2022, in Texas, where Governor Greg Abbott issued a directive to the Department of Family and Protective Services to investigate the parents of young people seeking gender-affirming care for child abuse, which purported to require school professionals to report parents who are supportive of their transgender child for investigation; and (2) by early March 2023, when 34 States introduced over 135 bills that prohibit or create barriers to the social affirmation of transgender and nonbinary students, such as using a student’s chosen name and pronouns, regardless of the risk to students’ safety, health, and well-being; Whereas 85 percent of transgender and nonbinary young people say that recent debates prompted by State legislation restricting the rights of transgender people have negatively impacted their mental health