1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Voluntary Groundwater Conservation Act of 2023 . 2. Groundwater conservation easement program (a) Agricultural conservation easement program purposes Section 1265(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3865(b) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (3), by striking and at the end; (2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (5) facilitate reductions in groundwater consumption to support local, regional, or State groundwater management. . (b) Establishment Subtitle H of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3865 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 1265E. Groundwater conservation easement program (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Eligible entity The term eligible entity means— (A) an agency of State or local government; (B) an Indian Tribe; or (C) an organization described in section 1265A(3)(B). (2) Eligible land The term eligible land means the surface estate of land on which eligible water rights have been historically used, as determined by governing State law, including— (A) cropland; (B) grassland; (C) rangeland; (D) pasture land; (E) nonindustrial private forest land; and (F) other agricultural land. (3) Eligible water rights The term eligible water rights means rights that are— (A) owned or controlled by 1 or more private, governmental, or Tribal landowners to groundwater that has been used on eligible land; and (B) subject to a pending offer for the purchase of a groundwater conservation easement from an eligible entity, the purchase of which would— (i) promote reduced groundwater consumption and reduced reliance on groundwater