; (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and (C) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: (6) where applicable, leverage a diversity of modalities and commercially available quantum hardware and software; and (7) develop education and training pathways related to quantum network infrastructure investments, aligned with existing programmatic investments by the Department of Energy. ; and (2) in subsection (b)— (A) in paragraph (1)— (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively; and (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following new subparagraph: (C) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; ; (B) in paragraph (2)— (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ground-to-space and after channels, ; (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking photon-based and inserting all applicable modalities of ; (iii) in subparagraph (F), by inserting , quantum sensors, after quantum repeaters ; (iv) in subparagraph (G)— (I) by inserting data centers, after repeaters, ; and (II) by striking and after the semicolon; (v) in subparagraph (H)— (I) by striking the quantum technology stack and inserting quantum technology modality stacks ; and (II) by striking National Laboratories in and inserting National Laboratories such as ; and (vi) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: (I) development of quantum network and entanglement distribution protocols or applications, including development of network stack protocols and protocols enabling integration with existing technologies or infrastructure; and (J) development of high efficiency room-temperature photon detectors for quantum photonic applications, including quantum networking and communications; ; (C) in paragraph (4)— (i) by striking basic ; and (ii) by striking material and inserting materials ; and (D) in paragraph (5), by striking fundamental