; and (iii) by inserting based on changes in the potential or actual threat conditions before the period at the end; and (B) in the second sentence, by inserting , including self-defense training expertise and experience before the period at the end; and (5) by adding at the end the following: (8) Air carrier accommodation An air carrier with a crew member participating in the training program under this subsection shall provide a process through which each such crew member may obtain reasonable accommodations. . 508. Improving apron safety (a) Study and report on engine ingestion zone and jet blast zone accidents (1) Study The Administrator shall conduct a study on ways to minimize or eliminate engine ingestion zone and jet blast zone accidents, including through— (A) improving markings on the apron to clearly define and graphically indicate the engine ingestion zones and envelope of safety for the variety of aircraft that may park at the same gate of the airport; (B) incorporating markings on aircraft to indicate the engine inlet danger zone, using hazard warning stripes, decals, or other measures; (C) limiting ground service personnel access to an aircraft until the engines of the aircraft are no longer running, the beacon on top of the aircraft has been turned off, the individual blades of the engine fan can be observed, and there is a notification from the flight deck crew confirming the engines are off (including the time for cool down, particularly for engines with low ground clearance); (D) improving aircraft engine design to prevent or minimize engine ingestion, such as the use of stationary inlet guide vanes or engine guarding; (E) improving the use of or requirements for Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) or electrical systems maintenance or incorporating changes to other systems or apron operation procedures to eliminate or minimize the length of time an aircraft engine runs (or be permitted to run) while the aircraft is at the gate or stopped on the ground