current testing volumes narrow curriculum to the tested topics, particularly when exams are high stakes. Other important subjects, such as art, music, finance, foreign languages, social studies, civics, and physical education are downplayed or ignored. (14) Studies show that standardized testing leads to the narrowing of instruction and classroom curriculum even within assessed subjects. (15) The negative impact of standardized testing extends to students, their families, and the economic well-being of their communities. The mass availability of school ratings based on standardized test scores has accelerated divergence in housing values, income distributions, and education levels as well as the racial and ethnic composition across communities. (16) African Americans, especially boys, are disproportionately placed or misplaced in special education, frequently based on standardized test results. (17) A reduction in the administration of and preparation for mandated summative assessments would afford more time and resources for other learning opportunities that— (A) incorporate a diverse array of high-quality assessment methods, including formative assessments embedded within instruction, performance-based assessment, and methods to assess understanding and skill development through project-based learning