; or (2) to discharge or in any other manner retaliate against any employee or prospective employee because the employee or prospective employee— (A) opposed any act or practice made unlawful by this section; or (B) took an action for which discrimination is forbidden under section 15(a)(3). (b) Exception Subsection (a) shall not apply to the recording or use of any image in which it is impractical to obtain such consent, including recordings of large gatherings or recordings made for security purposes. (c) Application to independent contractors This section and section 16(f) shall apply with respect to any contractor of an employer in the same manner as such sections apply to the employees of such employer. (d) Authority To issue regulations The Secretary of Labor shall issue such regulations or other guidance as the Secretary considers necessary to assist employers in the implementation of this section. . (b) Penalties Section 16 of such Act ( 29 U.S.C. 216 ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (f) (1) Any person who violates the provisions of section 8 shall— (A) be subject to a civil penalty— (i) in the case of an employer with 100 employees or fewer, of $20,000 for a first offense, increased by an additional $10,000 for each subsequent offense; (ii) in the case of an employer with more than 100 employees but not more than 200 employees, of $50,000 for a first offense, increased by an additional $15,000 for each subsequent offense; (iii) in the case of an employer with more than 200 employees but not more than 500 employees, of $100,000 for a first offense, increased by an additional $20,000 for each subsequent offense; and (iv) in the case of an employer with more than 500 employees, of $300,000 for a first offense, increased by an additional $25,000 for each subsequent offense