; (2) development of communication and other relevant protocols that integrate vehicle refueling and recharging into electric, hydrogen, biofuels, or other alternative fuel distribution systems; (3) development of procedures for the installation of alternative fuel distribution and recharging and refueling equipment; (4) education and outreach for the commercial application of alternative fuels; and (5) analysis of nontechnical barriers to integration of alternative fuel vehicles into electric and natural gas utility distribution systems. (d) Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028. 10. Graduate Automotive Technology Education Centers of Research Excellence (GATE) (a) In general The Secretary shall award grants to establish up to seven Graduate Automotive Technology Education Centers of Research Excellence (referred to in this section as Centers ) at an institution of higher education or a consortium thereof, to provide future generations of engineers and scientists with knowledge and skills in advanced automotive energy technologies. (b) Purpose Each Center shall— (1) promote the development of skilled engineering professionals who will overcome technical barriers and help commercialize the next generation of advanced automotive energy technologies; (2) support graduate research and establish or expand course study and laboratory work; and (3) test energy technologies that represent the scale of technology development beyond laboratory testing, but not yet advanced to testing under operational conditions at commercial scale. (c) Considerations In awarding grants for the operation of the Centers under this section, the Secretary shall ensure that— (1) the portfolio of Centers includes a diverse representation of geographical regions and resources; (2) each new Center demonstrates unique research capabilities, unique regional benefits, or new energy technology development opportunities