; and (D) such other relevant data and information as determined by the Secretary, and in consultation with relevant stakeholders, such as State initiatives and evaluations of quality improvement activities, cesarean delivery rates, and health outcomes. . (b) Gao study regarding medicaid payment rates cesarean births (1) Study The Comptroller General shall conduct a study regarding payment rates for cesarean births and vaginal births under State Medicaid programs. To the extent feasible and data are available, the study shall include analyses of the following: (A) Payment rates for cesarean births and vaginal births paid by fee-for-service Medicaid programs and by Medicaid programs that contract with Medicaid managed care organizations to furnish medical assistance under such programs; (B) What is known about how Medicaid payment rates have changed over time; (C) What is known about how payment rates for cesarean and vaginal births by Medicaid programs compare with the payment rates for such births by other sources of insurance coverage