; (ii) an arrangement for an interest in the short- or long-term debt obligations of a covered foreign entity that includes government rights that are characteristic of an equity investment, management, or other important rights; (iii) the establishment of a wholly owned subsidiary in a country of concern, such as a greenfield investment, for the purpose of production, design, testing, manufacturing, fabrication, development, or research related to one or more national critical capabilities sectors; (iv) the establishment of a joint venture in a country of concern or with a covered foreign entity for the purpose of production, design, testing, manufacturing, fabrication, development, or research involving one or more national critical capabilities sectors, or other contractual or other commitments involving a covered foreign entity to jointly research and develop new innovation, including through the transfer of capital or intellectual property or other business proprietary information; (v) the acquisition by a United States person with a covered foreign entity of— (I) operational cooperation, such as through supply or support arrangements; (II) the right to board representation (as an observer, even if limited, or as a member) or an executive role (as may be defined through regulation) in a covered foreign entity; (III) the ability to direct or influence such operational decisions as may be defined through such regulations; (IV) formal governance representation in any operating affiliate, like a portfolio company, of a covered foreign entity; or (V) a new relationship to share or provide business services, such as but not limited to financial services, marketing services, maintenance, or assembly functions, related to a national critical capabilities sector; (vi) any activity by a recipient or beneficiary of financial assistance, including grants, tax incentives, or other types of funding, with respect to a covered foreign entity or a country of concern