girls receiving the most severe forms of school discipline and severe punishment, such as corporal punishment, and represent 34 percent of girls arrested on campus. In the 2017–2018 school year, Black girls were 4 times more likely than White girls to be suspended or expelled. Black girls were also 3 times more likely to be referred to law enforcement and over 3 times more likely to be arrested in school. (12) Research shows that these racial disparities in discipline rates are not a result of differences in student behavior, but instead reflect the ways in which students of color face more punitive discipline than their White peers for similar behavior. (13) Students who are LGBTQI+ often have intersecting marginalized identities and experience exclusionary discipline at disproportionate rates that make it more likely they will interact with the juvenile justice system than their non-LGBTQI+ peers. A survey of juvenile justice facilities found 40 percent of girls and 20 percent of all detained youth identified as LGBTQI+, and the overwhelming majority (85 percent) of LGBTQI+ detained youth were youth of color. (14) Students who are suspended or expelled are nearly 3 times more likely to be in contact with the juvenile justice system the following year. (15) According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, more than 30,000 children under the age of 10 were arrested since 2013. On school campuses, more than 290,000 students were referred to law enforcement. The United States spends $240 daily, on average, per youth detained in juvenile facilities. (16) While schools should be sanctuaries for all students, reports have shown instances where police in schools collect tips and disciplinary information from teachers and school administrators and share it with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents to build deportation cases against students and their families. (17) School hardening, including the presence of law enforcement officers on campus, causes students to experience higher levels of fear, perpetuates