; (2) to deter ASM in environmentally protected areas, such as national parks and conservation zones, to prevent mining-related contamination of critical natural resources, such as water resources, soil, tropical forests, and other flora and fauna, and aerosol contamination linked to detrimental health impacts; (3) to counter the financing and enrichment of actors involved in the illicit mining, trafficking, and commercialization of gold, and the abetting of their activities by— (A) promoting the exercise of due diligence and the use of responsible sourcing methods in the purchase and trade of ASM; (B) preventing and prohibiting foreign persons who control commodity trading chains linked to illicit actors from enjoying the benefits of access to the territory, markets or financial system of the United States, and halting any such ongoing activity by such foreign persons; and (C) supporting the capacity of financial intelligence units, customs agencies, and other government institutions focused on anti-money laundering initiatives and combating the financing of criminal activities and terrorism to exercise oversight consistent with the threats posed by illicit gold mining; (4) to build the capacity of foreign civilian law enforcement institutions in the Western Hemisphere to effectively counter— (A) linkages between illicit gold mining, illicit actors, money laundering, and other financial crimes, including trade-based money laundering; (B) linkages between illicit gold mining, illicit actors, trafficking in persons, and forced or coerced labor, including sex work and child labor; (C) the cross-border trafficking of illicit gold, and the mercury, cyanide, explosives, and other hazardous materials used in illicit gold mining; and (D) surveillance and investigation of illicit and related activities that are related to or are indicators of illicit gold mining activities