; and (4) the formulation of ultra-processed foods to have hyper-palatable qualities and association with addiction. (b) Meetings on nutrition (1) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Childhood Diabetes Reduction Act of 2024 , and every 5 years thereafter, the Director of NIH, in coordination with the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall convene a public meeting for the purpose of discussing research efforts aimed at improving nutrition and reducing the incidence of diet-related chronic disease, with the goal of informing Federal policy. (2) Participants (A) In general Each meeting under paragraph (1) shall involve a diverse group of stakeholders, including food scientists and researchers, registered dietitians and nutritionists, clinicians specializing in nutrition-related diseases, Federal stakeholders, and nongovernmental organizations focused on nutrition and health. (B) Consideration In selecting stakeholders described in subparagraph (A) for participation for each meeting under paragraph (1), the Director of NIH, in coordination with the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall ensure that stakeholders who have no financial affiliation with manufacturers of ultra-processed food make up the majority of participants. (3) Topics Each meeting under paragraph (1) shall include discussion of— (A) current research findings related to nutrition and chronic disease, including the impact of food labeling requirements under section 403(z) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; (B) any gaps in such research and priorities for future research; (C) evidenced-based practices for improving nutrition and innovative approaches to prevent and manage chronic conditions through dietary innovations