the United States nor any of its officers is a party, in which case any final judgment shall be properly executed by the competent authority of the United States. 110. Citizenship and immigration laws after Puerto Rican independence (a) In general (1) Puerto rican nationality After the effective date of independence, the citizenship status of each individual born in Puerto Rico shall be determined in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the nation of Puerto Rico. (2) United states immigration laws Except as described in this section, after the effective date of independence citizens of Puerto Rico seeking to enter into the United States or obtain citizenship in the United States shall be subject to the immigration laws of the United States (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1101 )). (b) Effect of puerto rican citizenship Nothing in this Act precludes or limits the applicability of section 349 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1481 ), except that the provision of citizenship by the laws of Puerto Rico shall not constitute or otherwise serve as the basis of loss, or relinquishment of United States citizenship under such section. (c) Citizenship at birth after independence An individual born in Puerto Rico after the effective date of independence to at least one parent who became a United States citizen under section 302 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1402 ) is not a United States citizen at birth under subsection (c), (d), or (g) of section 301 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1401(c) , (d), or (g)). (d) Travel and work authorization (1) Any person in the following categories may enter, lawfully engage in occupations, and establish residence as a nonimmigrant in the United States and its territories and possessions without regard to paragraphs (5)(A) and (7) of section 212(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)