1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Protecting Access for Hunters and Anglers Act of 2023 . 2. Protecting access for hunters and anglers on Federal land and water (a) In general Except as provided in section 20.21 or 20.108 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), and subsection (b), the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service or the Director of the Bureau of Land Management, and the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service (referred to in this section as the applicable Secretary ), may not— (1) prohibit the use of lead ammunition or tackle on Federal land or water that is— (A) under the jurisdiction of the applicable Secretary; and (B) made available for hunting or fishing activities; or (2) issue regulations relating to the level of lead in ammunition or tackle to be used on Federal land or water described in paragraph (1). (b) Exception Subsection (a) shall not apply to a prohibition or regulations described in that subsection that are limited to a specific unit of Federal land or water, if the applicable Secretary determines that— (1) a decline in wildlife population at the specific unit of Federal land or water is primarily caused by the use of lead in ammunition or tackle, based on the field data from the specific unit of Federal land or water; and (2) the prohibition or regulations, as applicable, are— (A) consistent with the law of the State in which the specific Federal land or water is located; (B) consistent with an applicable policy of the fish and wildlife department of the State in which the specific Federal land or water is located