1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Pediatricians Accelerate Childhood Therapies Act of 2023 . 2. Trans-NIH Awards for Early-Career Pediatric Researchers Part G of title IV of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 288 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 489A. Trans-NIH Awards for Early-Career Pediatric Researchers (a) In general The Director of the NIH shall make awards to public and nonprofit entities to support outstanding scientists, including physician-scientists, to support early-career researchers focusing on pediatric research, including basic, clinical, translational, or pediatric pharmacological research. (b) Priority research populations In carrying out subsection (a), the Director of NIH may prioritize the issuance of awards to— (1) individual researchers at institutions described in subsection (a) presenting qualifying applications and representing populations that have been historically underrepresented in pediatric medical research, including women and underrepresented racial minorities; or (2) institutions of higher education that are eligible to receive funds under part A or B of title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965, part A or B of title V of such Act, or subpart 4 of part A of title VII of such Act, or research institutions partnering with such institutions of higher education to offer programs to support early-career pediatric researchers. (c) Priority research topic areas In carrying out subsection (a), the Director of NIH, in consultation with the Director of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the directors of other national research institutes and national centers that participate within the NIH Pediatric Research Consortium, shall— (1) establish priority research topic areas, informed by external stakeholders, including research institutions, professional societies, patient advocacy organizations, and the private sector