; and (2) while protecting the right of parents, to acknowledge that the rights involve responsibilities and specifically that parents have the responsibility for the education, nurture, and upbringing of their children as specified by the Supreme Court in Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390, 400 (1923), Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205, 232 (1972), and Washington v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702, 720 (1997), and have the high duty to recognize and prepare their children for additional obligations as specified by the Supreme Court in Pierce v. Soc’y of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus & Mary, 268 U.S. 510, 535 (1925). 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Government The term government includes a branch, department, agency, instrumentality, and official (or other person acting under color of law) of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and each territory and possession of the United States. (2) Parent The term parent means a biological parent of a child, an adoptive parent of a child, or an individual who has been granted exclusive right and authority over the welfare of a child under State law. (3) Child The term child means an individual who has not attained 18 years of age. (4) Substantial burden The term substantial burden — (A) means any action that directly or indirectly constrains, inhibits, curtails, or denies the right of parents to direct the upbringing, education, and health care of their child or compels any action contrary to the right of parents to direct the upbringing, education, and health care of their child