1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Head Start Expansion and Improvement Act of 2023 . 2. Expanding eligibility under public assistance Section 637 of the Head Start Act ( 42 U.S.C. 9832 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (27) The term public assistance means public assistance programs including temporary assistance for needy families established under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 601 et seq. ), supplemental security income carried out under title XVI of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq. ), the supplemental nutrition assistance program under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 ( 7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq. ), special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children established under section 17 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 ( 42 U.S.C. 1786 ), and the State children’s health insurance programs under title XXI of the Social Security Act 1397aa et seq.). . 3. increase family income threshold Section 645(a)(a)(1) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9870(a)(a)(1)) is amended— (1) in paragraph (A) by striking (a)(a)(1)(A) and inserting (a)(1)(A) , and (2) in subparagraph (B)— (A) in clause (i) by inserting 138 percent after below , and (B) in clause (iii)— (i) by striking include— (I) and inserting include , and (ii) by striking subclause (II). 4. Authorization of appropriations Section 639 of the Head Start Act ( 42 U.S.C. 9834 ) is amended by striking: (other than section 657B) $7,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2008, $7,650,000,000 for fiscal year 2009, $7,995,000,000 for fiscal year 2010, and such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2011 and 2012 and inserting (other than sections 657B and 657C) $36,000,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2025 through 2030 . 5. Grants for Head Start infrastructure The Head Start Act ( 42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 657C. Grants for Head Start infrastructure (a) Establishment of grant program The Secretary shall establish a program to make grants to Head