; and (2) is a reliable source of energy and resources for the United States, producing over 60 minerals and metals, and is a leading global producer of 19 critical minerals on the U.S. Geological Survey critical mineral list; Whereas the United States and Canada— (1) have a deeply interconnected electricity sector, with more than 35 active electricity transmission connections between the two countries, many of which enable bidirectional flows of electricity, helping to ensure the security and reliability of the North American grid; (2) have agreed to cooperate closely to achieve shared climate objectives; (3) have committed to work together to protect biodiverse areas that span their shared border, including in collaboration with Indigenous and Tribal partners, benefitting shared species like migratory birds; (4) are taking steps to improve climate adaptation and strengthen ecological and community resilience in the face of climate change; and (5) have jointly collaborated for over 100 years under the Boundary Waters Treaty to manage and conserve their shared waters for the benefit of both countries, including over 50 years under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement; Whereas the United States and Canada— (1) share three oceans and the world’s longest border; (2) are committed to jointly protecting the security of their citizens, because both countries understand that a threat to the security of one country is a threat to the security of both; (3) recognize that collective security is a shared responsibility, and are committed to expanding cooperation on continental defense and in the Arctic, including by increasing investments in continental defense and modernizing the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), the world’s only binational military command; (4) share the desire for a peaceful, stable, and predictable Arctic region, including for the benefit of Arctic and Northern peoples and communities