; (3) Galina Timchenko, the Latvia-based head of Meduza, whose phone was infected by Pegasus, a form of zero-click spyware produced by the Israeli company NSO Group, while she was in Germany in February 2023; Whereas, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists, as of December 1, 2023, the Government of the People’s Republic of China had detained at least 44 journalists, and has unleashed an onslaught of attacks on press freedom in the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, including through— (1) state-sponsored censorship and disinformation campaigns limiting access to any information that runs contrary to Chinese Communist Party propaganda narratives, and censoring politically-sensitive keywords on social media platforms; (2) the passage and implementation of legislation that severely curtails press freedom in Hong Kong, including the National Security Law of June 2020, and Article 23 of the Basic Law of March 2024, both of which pose an existential threat to the city’s tradition of press freedom; (3) harassment, intimidation, arrest, and imprisonment of journalists in Hong Kong, including the arrest and subsequent conviction of journalist and outspoken democracy advocate Jimmy Lai, and the closure of his once widely popular Chinese-language newspaper, Apple Daily; (4) arrests or other repressive actions against independent journalists and others in mainland China who are attempting to share uncensored news or opinion about current affairs, including— (A) Sophia Huang Xueqin, who has written about women’s rights and the protests in Hong Kong, who was detained arbitrarily beginning in September 2021, who went on trial in September 2023 on charges of inciting subversion of state power , and whose current status remains unknown; and (B) citizen journalist Zhang Zhan, who provided uncensored news regarding the COVID–19 outbreak in Wuhan and who has been imprisoned since May 2020 on politically-motivated charges of picking quarrels and provoking trouble