1. Short title This Act may be cited as the End Birthright Citizenship Fraud Act of 2023 . 2. Purpose The purpose of this Act is to recognize the principle of limited jus soli conveyed in the 14th Amendment and codified in the Immigration and Nationality Act through the statement, subject to the jurisdiction thereof , and reform United States immigration law to be consistent with the statement’s original meaning by denying automatic citizenship at birth to children born in the United States to parents who are not United States nationals, aliens lawfully admitted to the United States as refugees, aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence, or aliens performing active service in the United States Armed Forces. 3. Findings Congress finds the following: (1) Naturalization is an exclusive power of Congress, as stated in article I, section 8, clause 4 of the Constitution, The Congress should have power … To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization … . (2) The phrase subject to the jurisdiction thereof as stated in the Immigration and Nationality Act, references the same statement found in section 1 of the 14th Amendment, and carries the same meaning. (3) The phrase subject to the jurisdiction thereof is a legal term of art, derived from concepts related to a limited jus soli, and understood by the drafters of the 14th Amendment to have its basis in English common law, which in turn has its basis in Roman law. (4) Bartolus de Saxoferrato, a 14th-century Italian and one of the first legal scholars to study the Roman concept of the acquisition of citizenship, civilitas civilatis, as deduced from the Corpus Juris Civilis, determined that a Roman citizen by birth, civis ab origine, was one who had been born within the territory of the state and to at least one parent who was already a citizen of the state. (5) In the earliest known case to articulate jus soli in England, Calvin v. Smith (Calvin’s Case), it was agreed that the statuses of subject and alien were determined by whether a person was born owing