1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Excess Urban Heat Mitigation Act of 2023 . 2. Findings Congress finds the following: (1) Heat stress is a leading weather-related cause of death in the United States, with more than 600 people killed in the United States by extreme heat every year, and many more experiencing respiratory problems and heat-related illness. (2) Urban areas are likely to experience higher temperatures than surrounding areas due to design-related attributes of the built environment, including manmade factors such as low solar reflectance, low vegetation and tree cover, high building density, high impervious surface cover, and waste heat emissions. (3) Underserved communities are disproportionately impacted by extreme heat. In the United States, low-income census blocks have 15.2 percent less tree cover and an average land surface temperature that is 1.5 degrees Celsius hotter than high-income blocks. (4) Studies show that in 97 percent of the largest urbanized areas in the United States, people of color live in census tracts with higher surface urban heat intensity than non-Hispanic Whites, indicating that heat exposure is unequally distributed by race. (5) Urban heat is not only a public health threat but also an economic one, as rising heat leads to increased roadway maintenance costs, higher residential and commercial summer energy costs, and lost labor productivity, as well as the cost to patients and health care infrastructure for heat-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits. (6) Excess urban heat causes increased energy consumption, elevated emission of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, and impaired water quality. (7) Heat waves are expected to not only occur more frequently in the United States but also be of longer duration, lasting 10 to 20 days longer by the end of the century. (8) Solutions exist that communities can implement now to mitigate the challenge of urban heat. One example is the planting of urban trees to offset or reverse the urban heat island