; Whereas, in 1948, Missouri was a catalyst in securing equal housing for Black people across the country with the passage of Shelley v. Kraemer, striking down racial restrictive housing that prevented people of the Negro or Mongolian Race from purchasing homes; Whereas, in 1963, Governor George Wallace blocked Black students at the schoolhouse door of the University of Alabama; Whereas mass protests erupted across the United States during the civil rights era demanding an end to racial segregation, disenfranchisement, and institutionalized racism that resulted in the passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the end of legalized school segregation; Whereas the FBI established the Counterintelligence Program, also known as COINTELPRO, in 1956, with one of its major goals to target Black activists fighting for self-determination, reparations, and racial justice; Whereas, in 1985, the Philadelphia Police Department dropped a bomb laced with Tovex and C–4 explosives on the MOVE organization, a Black liberation organization, who were living in a West Philadelphia rowhome leaving 11 dead, including 5 children; Whereas, while the United States was founded based on Black plunder, it has yet to acknowledge, reconcile, and provide adequate redress for the sanctioned system of slavery and its vestiges resulting in modern-day disparities; Whereas Black people are still presumed dangerous and therefore are systematically targeted and criminalized under our legal system, including through the war on drugs, mandatory minimum sentencing laws, the prosecution of children as adults, and the disproportionate targeting, stopping, and arresting of Black people by law enforcement; Whereas 1 in 16 Black people of voting age is barred from actively participating in the democracy of the United States, including through disenfranchisement due to felony convictions