; and (5) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so redesignated) the following: (5) Malign effort The term malign effort means any hostile effort undertaken by, at the direction of, on behalf of, or with the substantial support of the government of a foreign entity of concern. . (c) Reports The Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 ( 7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 11. Reports (a) Initial report Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes the progress of the Secretary in implementing the amendments made by the Foreign Agricultural Restrictions to Maintain Local Agriculture and National Defense Act of 2023 . (b) Report on tracking covered transactions Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the feasibility of— (1) establishing a mechanism for quantifying the threats posed by foreign entities of concern to United States food security, biosecurity, food safety, environmental protection, and national defense; and (2) building, and submitting to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States for further review, a rigorous discovery and review process to review transactions described in section 721(a)(4)(B)(vi) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 ( 50 U.S.C. 4565(a)(4)(B)(vi) ). (c) Yearly report Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter for the following 10 years, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the activities of the Secretary pursuant to this Act during the year covered by the report. . 5. Authority of Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States to review certain real estate purchases by foreign entities of concern (a) In general Section 721(a)(4) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 ( 50 U.S.C. 4565(a)(4) ) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (A)— (A) in clause (i), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon