species extinction is accelerating and is now tens to hundreds of times higher than the average rate over the last 10,000,000 years, threatening the loss of 1,000,000 species, and illegal land-use change has an overwhelming relative impact on terrestrial ecosystems. (8) Illegal deforestation in many countries is closely associated with violations of the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities and with the exploitation of workers, including through the use of forced labor and child labor, and in many cases is enabled by corruption, criminality, and violence against individuals defending their land rights. (9) Congress has taken a number of steps to address the trade in illegal timber to protect legitimate forestry businesses and reduce illegal logging globally, such as, in section 8204 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 ( Public Law 110–246