; and (B) if appropriate, more than 2 years, including if the longer period is appropriate to support— (i) adaptive management over multiple crop years; and (ii) adequate data collection and analysis by an agricultural operation or partnership to report the natural resource and agricultural production benefits of the new or innovative conservation approaches to the Secretary. . 304. State assistance for soil health Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 1240S. State assistance for soil health (a) Availability and purpose of grants Using funds made available under subsection (k), the Secretary shall make grants to States or Tribal governments for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028 to be used by State departments of agriculture or appropriate Tribal authorities to develop and implement plans to improve soil health on agricultural land. (b) Application (1) In general A State department of agriculture or Tribal government requesting a grant under this section shall prepare and submit for approval by the Secretary an application at such time, in such a manner, and containing such information as the Secretary shall require, including an assurance that grant funds received under this section shall supplement the expenditure of State or Tribal funds in support of soil health, rather than replace State or Tribal funds for those purposes. (2) Use of funds A State or Tribal government may request funds under this section— (A) to develop or modify a State or Tribal soil health plan; or (B) to implement a State or Tribal soil health plan approved by the Secretary under this section, including through— (i) technical assistance; (ii) financial assistance; (iii) on-farm research and demonstration; (iv) education, outreach, and training; (v) monitoring and evaluation