; and (B) the behavior of corporations as issuers of securities will generally conform to these fiduciary duties, to the benefit of the protection of investors and the public interest. (5) Other norms related to the public interest have historically provided critical bases upon which the national market system for securities has historically relied, including norms that large corporate issuers that are significant to the national economy— (A) generally invest corporate resources to increase the long-term value of the corporation as a business rather than as an agent of social change; (B) do not use corporate resources to advance narrowly political or partisan agendas; and (C) do not use corporate resources to promote socialism, Marxism, critical race theory, or other un-American ideologies among their workforces or customers. (6) Though these norms are not enforceable legal duties of boards of directors or other corporate actors under Federal law, they substantially contribute to the commercial purpose and nationwide availability of the national market system for securities, which are recognized by section 2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ( 15 U.S.C. 78b ) as principal bases for the regulation authorized by that Act. (7) Certain large corporate issuers that are significant to the national economy have recently undertaken actions which facially violate these norms on account of apparent political bias. Examples of such actions include the use of corporate resources to— (A) deny goods and services to States and their political subdivisions, and private entities within such States and their political subdivisions, in response to the social policies proposed or enacted in such States and their political subdivisions, including those related to election procedures, restrictions on abortion, protections for religious freedom, and enforcement of immigration law