; and (2) evaluate advanced vehicle performance, including heavy vehicle and nonroad vehicle performance using work performance-based metrics. 5. Advanced on-road vehicle security program (a) In general The Secretary, in coordination with the program under section 4, the program authorized under section 137 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 ( 42 U.S.C. 17014 ), and the heads of relevant Federal agencies, shall establish a research and development program focused on the cybersecurity and physical security of interconnections between vehicles, vehicle energy storage systems, charging equipment, buildings, and the electric grid for plug-in electric vehicles, connected vehicles, autonomous, and other relevant vehicles, including the security impacts, efficiency, and safety of plug-in electric vehicles using alternating current charging, high-power direct current fast charging, and extreme fast charging. (b) Assessment The Secretary shall develop a 5- to 10-year impact assessment of emergent cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities to the United States on-road transportation system and connected infrastructure by identifying— (1) areas of research with respect to which Federal cross-agency research coordination and cooperation may help address such threats and vulnerabilities; and (2) current research and challenges associated with cyber-physical protection and resiliency of electric and connected and automated vehicle technologies. 6. Vehicle energy storage system safety program (a) In general In coordination with the program under section 4, the Secretary shall support a program of research, development, and demonstration of vehicle energy storage safety and reliability. (b) Activities In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall support activities to— (1) examine the mechanisms that lead to vehicle energy storage system safety and reliability incidents; (2) develop new materials to improve overall vehicle energy storage system safety and abuse tolerance; (3) perform abuse testing