1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Protecting Communities and Preserving the Second Amendment Act of 2024 . (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. Sec. 3. Reauthorization and improvements to NICS. Sec. 4. Availability of records to NICS. Sec. 5. Definitions relating to mental health. Sec. 6. Conditions for treatment of certain persons as adjudicated mentally incompetent for certain purposes. Sec. 7. Reports and certifications to Congress. Sec. 8. Increasing Federal prosecution of gun violence. Sec. 9. Prosecution of felons and fugitives who attempt to illegally purchase firearms. Sec. 10. Limitation on operations by the Department of Justice. Sec. 11. Increased penalties for lying and buying. Sec. 12. Amendments to section 924 . Sec. 13. Study by the National Institute of Justice and National Academy of Sciences on the causes of mass shootings. Sec. 14. Reports to Congress regarding ammunition purchases by Federal agencies. Sec. 15. Reduction of Byrne JAG funds for State failure to provide mental health records to NICS. Sec. 16. Firearm commerce modernization. Sec. 17. Interstate transportation of firearms or ammunition. Sec. 18. Preventing duplicative grants. Sec. 19. Regional firearms trafficking task forces. 2. Definitions In this Act— (1) the term agency has the meaning given the term in section 551 of title 5, United States Code; (2) the term covered firearms provision means section 922, 924, 932, or 933 of title 18, United States Code, or section 5861 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (3) the term NICS means the National Instant Criminal Background Check System