; to (II) the total number of students enrolled at such school; and (C) administers such groups of questions to such groups of students in a manner determined by the Secretary to be appropriate. (56) Representative sampling (A) In general The term representative sampling means an educational assessment administration method in which a State— (i) administers, in accordance with subparagraph (B), math, reading or language arts, and science assessments to a representative sample of students from a sample of public elementary and secondary schools in the State; and (ii) is able to draw from such sampling valid and reliable inferences about the performance of students— (I) in the State and in local educational agencies served by the State; and (II) in the elementary and secondary schools selected for such sampling. (B) Sample requirements A State shall ensure that— (i) each assessment described in subparagraph (A)(i) is administered to a different representative sample of students; and (ii) the composition of each such representative sample of students enables results to be disaggregated in accordance with section 1111(b)(2)(B)(xi). . (b) State discretion concerning the frequency of standardized testing Section 1111(b)(2)(B) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(2)(B) ) is amended— (1) in clause (i)(II)— (A) by inserting , in accordance with clause (v), after administered ; and (B) by striking all ; (2) in clause (v)— (A) by amending subclause (I) to read as follows: (I) in the case of mathematics, reading or language arts, and science, be administered using— (aa) combination testing; (bb) grade-span testing; or (cc) representative sampling— (AA) not more than once in each of grades 3 through 8; and (BB) at least once in grades 9 through 12; and ; (B) by striking subclause (II); and (C) by redesignating subclause (III) as subclause (II)