1. Short title This Act may be cited as the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center Authorization Act of 2023 or the NBACC Authorization Act of 2023 . 2. National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (a) In general Title III of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 181 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 324. National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (a) In general The Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary for Science and Technology, shall designate the laboratory described in subsection (b) as an additional laboratory pursuant to the authority under section 308(c)(2), which shall be the lead Federal facility dedicated to defending the United States against biological threats by— (1) understanding the risks posed by intentional, accidental, and natural biological events; and (2) providing the operational capabilities to support the investigation, prosecution, and prevention of biocrimes and bioterrorism. (b) Laboratory described The laboratory described in this subsection may be a federally funded research and development center— (1) known, as of the date of enactment of this section, as the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center; (2) that may include— (A) the National Bioforensic Analysis Center, which conducts technical analyses in support of Federal law enforcement investigations; and (B) the National Biological Threat Characterization Center, which conducts experiments and studies to better understand biological vulnerabilities and hazards; and (3) transferred to the Department pursuant to subparagraphs (A), (D), and (F) of section 303(1) and section 303(2). (c) Laboratory activities The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center shall— (1) conduct studies and experiments to better understand current and future biological threats and hazards and pandemics