; (3) Vietnamese journalists Pham Chi Dung, Nguyen Tuong Thuy, and Le Huu Minh Tuan were each sentenced to more than 10 years in prison; and (4) Pham Doan Trang, a Vietnamese journalist and writer, following a year in detention, was sentenced to 9 years in prison for anti-state propaganda in a judicial proceeding and imprisonment declared arbitrary by the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention; Whereas press freedom continues to face challenges in sub-Saharan Africa, including in— (1) Ethiopia, where a crackdown on the press has included— (A) the arbitrary arrests of journalists, which was exacerbated during the civil war and has continued even after the signing of a peace agreement in November 2022; (B) internet disruptions deployed during times of political tension, including as recently as April 2023, making it difficult and dangerous for the press to report the news; (C) the January 2023 suspension of 15 media outlets, including the BBC’s Somali service, and their representatives from operating in the Somali Regional State; and (D) the failure to provide a credible accounting for the 2021 killings of journalists Dawit Kebede Araya and Sisay Fida; (2) Nigeria, where journalists have been repeatedly detained and charged for their work, including— (A) Luke Binniyat, who was arrested in November 2021, released on bail in February 2022, and is facing 3 years in prison if convicted of sending false information under the Cybercrimes Act; (B) Agba Jalingo, publisher of the CrossRiverWatch news site, who was arrested on March 27, 2023, charged under the Cybercrimes Act for allegedly publishing false news, and released on bail on April 3, 2023; and (C) Haruna Mohammed Salisu, publisher of the WikkiTimes, who was arrested while covering the February 25, 2023, Federal elections, charged under the penal code with inciting the public to disturb the Bauchi state governor, and released on bail on March 1, 2023