in China or Chinese Communist Party entities. (3) The extent to which China’s funding of United States taxpayer-funded research institutions has benefitted China. (4) How the Government of China and the Chinese Communist Party have used United States taxpayer-funded research, including as part of China’s efforts to support civil-military fusion and human rights abuses. (c) Definition In this Act, the term United States taypayer-funded research means research— (1) funded by a grant from the Federal Government or a State government