; (vii) physical or online surveillance or stalking; (viii) unwarranted passport cancellation or control over other identification documents; (ix) abuse of international law enforcement systems; (x) unlawful asset freezes; (xi) digital threats, such as cyberattacks, targeted surveillance and spyware, online harassment, and intimidation; and (xii) coercion by proxy, such as harassment of, or threats or harm to, family and associates of private individuals who remain in their country of origin. 4. Combating transnational repression abroad (a) Statement of policy on transnational repression It is the policy of the United States— (1) to identify and address transnational repression as a direct threat to the United States national interests of upholding and promoting democratic values and internationally recognized human rights; (2) to address transnational repression, including by protecting targeted individuals and groups; (3) to strengthen the capacity of United States embassy and mission staff to counter transnational repression, including by— (A) monitoring and documenting instances of transnational repression; (B) conducting regular outreach with at-risk or affected populations to provide information regarding available resources without putting such people at further risk; and (C) working with local and national law enforcement, as appropriate, to support victims of transnational repression; (4) to develop policy and programmatic responses based on input from— (A) vulnerable populations who are at risk of, or are experiencing, transnational repression; (B) nongovernmental organizations working to address transnational repression; and (C) the private sector; (5) to provide training to relevant Federal personnel— (A) to enhance their understanding of transnational repression; and (B) to identify and combat threats of transnational repression