; or (2) the health care professional rendered the health care services under the influence (as determined pursuant to applicable State law) of alcohol or an intoxicating drug (other than where the health care professional is properly taking a prescription drug ordered by a physician). (d) Preemption (1) In general This section preempts the laws of a State or any political subdivision of a State to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this section, unless such laws provide greater protection from liability. (2) Volunteer Protection Act Protections afforded by this section are in addition to those provided by the Volunteer Protection Act of 1997 ( Public Law 105–19 ). (e) Definitions In this section— (1) the term harm includes physical, nonphysical, economic, and noneconomic injury or losses; (2) the term health care professional means an individual who is licensed, registered, or certified under Federal or State law to provide health care services; (3) the term related health care entity means an entity with which a health care professional has a professional affiliation under which the health care professional performs health care services, including any such skilled nursing facility, hospital, academic medical center, ambulatory surgical center, group medical practice, or medical clinic; (4) the term professional affiliation means staff privileges, medical staff membership, employment or contractual relationship, partnership or ownership interest, academic appointment, or other affiliation under which a health care professional provides health care services on behalf of, or in association with, the related health care entity; (5) the term health care services means any services rendered or items provided by a health care professional or the professional’s related health care entity, or by any individual working under the supervision of a health care professional, that relate to— (A) the treatment, diagnosis, prevention, or mitigation of COVID–19