; and (C) participation by the State agency includes measures necessary to provide for protection of personal information that conform to the standards for protection of the confidentiality of personal information and for data integrity and security that apply to Federal agencies. 9. Enforcement powers (a) Joint investigations The Agency or, where appropriate, an Agency investigator, may engage in joint investigations and requests for information, as authorized under this Act. (b) Subpoenas (1) In general The Agency or an Agency investigator may issue subpoenas for the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of relevant papers, books, documents, or other material in connection with hearings under this Act. (2) Failure to obey In the case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena issued pursuant to this paragraph and served upon any person, the district court of the United States for any district in which such person is found, resides, or transacts business, upon application by the Agency or an Agency investigator and after notice to such person, may issue an order requiring such person to appear and give testimony or to appear and produce documents or other material. (3) Contempt Any failure to obey an order of the court under this subsection may be punished by the court as a contempt thereof. (c) Litigation authority (1) In general If any covered entity violates a Federal privacy law, the Agency may commence a civil action against such covered entity to impose a civil penalty or to seek all appropriate legal and equitable relief including a permanent or temporary injunction as permitted by law. (2) Representation The Agency may act in its own name and through its own attorneys in enforcing any provision of this Act, rules thereunder, or any other law or regulation, or in any action, suit, or proceeding to which the Agency is a party. (3) Compromise of actions The Agency may compromise or settle any action if such compromise is approved by the court. (4) Notice to the attorney general (A) In