; or (iii) transactions between licensed manufacturers and importers on any date. (bb) It shall be unlawful for a person other than a licensed manufacturer or importer to engrave or cast a serial number on a firearm in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce. (cc) Beginning on January 1, 2022, it shall be unlawful for any person other than a licensed manufacturer or importer to possess a ghost gun in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce. (dd) Beginning on January 1, 2022, it shall be unlawful for any person other than a licensed manufacturer or importer to possess a ghost gun in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce with the intent to sell or transfer the ghost gun with or without further manufacturing or to manufacture a firearm with the ghost gun. (ee) (1) It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer to sell, or transfer, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, to any person other than a licensed manufacturer a machine that has the sole or primary function of manufacturing firearms. (2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), beginning on January 1, 2022, it shall be unlawful for any person other than a licensed manufacturer to possess, purchase, or receive, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, a machine that has the sole or primary function of manufacturing firearms. (3) Paragraph (2) shall not apply to a person who is engaged in the business of selling manufacturing equipment to a licensed manufacturer who possesses a machine with the intent to sell or transfer the machine to a licensed manufacturer. . (c) Requirements Section 923(i) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: The serial number shall be engraved or cast on the frame or receiver in a manner sufficient to identify the firearm and the manufacturer or importer that put the serial number on the firearm. . (d) Penalties Section 924 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in subsection (a)(1)(B), by striking or (q) and inserting (q), (aa), (bb), (cc), (dd), or (ee)