; (B) heat for industrial purposes or synthetic fuel production; (C) a supply of remote or off-grid energy; or (D) a power supply that is a necessary backup to a mission for which uninterrupted power is critical; (2) developing goals for nuclear energy research programs, which are carried out by the Office of Nuclear Energy of the Department of Energy; (3) identifying research that the private sector is unable or unwilling to undertake due to the cost of, or risks associated with, the research; and (4) facilitating the access of the private sector— (A) to Federal research facilities; and (B) to the results of research funded by the Federal Government. (b) Demonstration projects (1) In general Not later than December 31, 2025, the Secretary shall establish a program to enter into agreements to carry out no fewer than 5 demonstration projects pursuant to subsection (a)(1) to demonstrate the suitability of advanced nuclear reactors for commercial applications. (2) Requirements In carrying out demonstration projects under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— (A) ensure the demonstration projects under paragraph (1) cover a diverse range of designs, including designs using different primary coolants; (B) ensure that— (i) the long-term cost of electricity or heat for each design involved in a demonstration project carried out under this subsection is cost-competitive in the applicable market; and (ii) such cost-competitiveness is verified by an external review; (C) enter into cost-sharing agreements with partners in accordance with section 988 for the conduct of activities relating to the research, development, and demonstration of private-sector advanced nuclear reactor designs under the program established under paragraph (1); (D) work with private sector partners to identify potential sites, including sites owned by the Department, to carry out demonstration projects, as appropriate