through 2024, amounts authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available for assistance described in paragraph (2) may not be provided, directly or indirectly, for any area of Syria controlled by the Government of Syria or associated forces, as determined by the Secretary of State, unless a certification described in subsection (b) is in effect. (2) Assistance described Assistance referred to in paragraph (1) is the following: (A) Assistance to carry out stabilization activities for the relevant area. (B) Assistance to carry out reconstruction activities for the relevant area. (b) Certification (1) In general A certification described in this subsection is a certification submitted by the President to the appropriate congressional committees that contains a determination that the following criteria have been met: (A) The air space over Syria is no longer being utilized by the Government of Syria or the Government of the Russian Federation to target civilian populations through the use of incendiary devices, including barrel bombs, chemical weapons, and conventional arms, including air-delivered missiles and explosives. (B) Areas of Syria besieged by the forces of the Government of Syria, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of Iran, or associated forces are no longer cut off from international aid and have regular access to humanitarian assistance, freedom of travel, and medical care. (C) The Government of Syria is releasing all political prisoners forcibly held within the prison system of the regime of Bashar al-Assad and the Government of Syria is allowing full access to the same facilities for investigations by appropriate international human rights organizations. (D) The forces of the Government of Syria, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of Iran, and associated forces are no longer engaged in deliberate targeting of medical facilities, schools, residential areas, and community gathering places, including markets, in violation of international norms. (E) The