to influence politics and political decisions of our NATO allies and European Union partners, as it has done repeatedly in Ukraine and across Eastern Europe. (7) Russia has attempted to finance fringe political movements in countries throughout Europe, using a network of oligarchs and organized criminal enterprises in an effort to obscure Kremlin involvement. (8) Russia operates Russia Today (RT), Sputnik, and other state-sponsored media outlets in dozens of languages across Europe and the United States to spread disinformation and undermine government and electoral systems. It also assaults American institutions and those of our European allies using cyber proxies, troll farms, and other tools in the information space. (9) The United States national security apparatus has credibly concluded that Russia continues to utilize malign influence to undermine our democracies and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. (10) Parts of the United States Government interagency response, such as the Global Engagement Center (GEC), were empowered to address specific elements of Russian malign influence, particularly disinformation. (11) The mission of the GEC is to direct, lead, synchronize, integrate, and coordinate efforts of the Federal Government to recognize, understand, expose, and counter foreign state and foreign non-state propaganda and disinformation efforts aimed at undermining or influencing the policies, security, or stability of the United States and its allies and partner nations . (12) The GEC plays an important role in countering the disinformation tactics used by foreign adversaries and coordinating these responses across the United States Government. (13) Russia’s use of a broad range of tools of malign influence, including disinformation, necessitates a robust, dynamic, and coordinated United States Government interagency response. 3. Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that United States Government efforts to counter Russian malign influence should be led by the Department of State