; and (B) recognizes the need for an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change . (8) The cost of inaction on climate change will have devastating impacts to the United States economy, costing billions of dollars in lost GDP. (9) The Paris Agreement further requires each party to update its nationally determined contribution every 5 years, and these NDC should reflect the party’s highest possible ambition. (10) The United States communicated its first nationally determined contribution to achieve an economy-wide target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 26 to 28 percent below its 2005 level in 2025 and to make best efforts to reduce its emissions by 28 percent. (11) A number of existing laws, regulations, and other mandatory measures in the United States are relevant to achieving this target, including the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), the Energy Policy Act of 1992 ( Public Law 102–486 ), and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 ( Public Law 110–140 ). (12) On June 1, 2017, President Donald J. Trump announced his intention to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement, negotiate our way back into Paris, or negotiate a new deal . (13) Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement would leave the United States as the only UNFCCC member state that is not a signatory to the Paris Agreement. (14) Dozens of foreign heads of state have expressed support for the United States to remain a party to the Paris Agreement. (15) Leading companies across major economic sectors believe that the participation of the United States in the Paris Agreement strengthens United States employment, growth, and competitiveness and that withdrawal from the Agreement would put United States companies at a competitive disadvantage. (16) Under the terms of the Paris Agreement, the earliest possible effective withdrawal date by the United States is November 4, 2020. However, the United States is still obligated to maintain certain commitments under the United Nations Framework