; (ii) algorithms or data outputs outside the control of a large online operator or its affiliates; and (iii) establishing default settings that provide enhanced privacy protection to users or otherwise enhance their autonomy and decision-making ability. (d) Enforcement by the Commission (1) Unfair or deceptive acts or practice A violation of subsection (a) or (b) shall be treated as a violation of a rule defining an unfair or deceptive act or practice under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act ( 15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B) ). (2) Determination For purposes of enforcement of this Act, the Commission shall determine an act or practice is unfair or deceptive if the act or practice— (A) has the purpose, or substantial effect, of subverting or impairing user autonomy, decision-making, or choice to obtain consent or user data; or (B) has the purpose, or substantial effect, of cultivating compulsive usage by a child under 13. (3) Regulations Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shall promulgate regulations under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, that— (A) establish rules and procedures for obtaining the informed consent of users; (B) establish rules for the registration, formation, oversight, and management of the independent review boards, including standards that ensure effective independence of such entities from improper or undue influence by a large online operator; (C) establish rules for the registration, formation, oversight, and management of professional standards bodies, including procedures for the regular oversight of such bodies and revocation of their designation