; (C) remote or off-grid energy supply; or (D) backup or mission-critical power supplies; (2) identifying research areas that the private sector is unable or unwilling to undertake due to the cost of, or risks associated with, the research; and (3) facilitating the access of the private sector— (A) to Federal research facilities and personnel; and (B) to the results of research relating to civil nuclear technology funded by the Federal Government. (c) Demonstration projects (1) In general In carrying out the program established under subsection (b), the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable— (A) enter into agreements to build not fewer than 2 advanced nuclear reactors as demonstration projects to be completed not later than December 31, 2027; and (B) not later than December 31, 2035, to enter into not fewer than 2, and not more than 5, agreements, to build advanced nuclear reactors as additional operational demonstration projects. (2) Requirements In carrying out demonstration projects under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— (A) include, as an evaluation criterion, diversity in designs for the advanced nuclear reactors demonstrated under this section, including designs using various— (i) primary coolants; (ii) fuel types and compositions; and (iii) neutron spectra; (B) consider, as an evaluation criterion, the likelihood that the operating cost for future commercial units for each design implemented through a demonstration project under this subsection is cost-competitive in the applicable market, including those designs configured as hybrid energy systems as described in section 952(c); (C) ensure that each evaluation of candidate technologies for the demonstration projects is completed through an external review of proposed designs, which review shall— (i) be conducted by a panel that includes not fewer than 1 representative that does not have a conflict of interest of each of— (I) an electric utility