; (2) research on system integration needed to plan, design, build, and operate hybrid energy systems, including interconnection requirements with the electric grid; (3) development of hybrid energy systems for various applications, including— (A) thermal energy generation and storage for buildings and manufacturing; (B) electricity storage coupled with energy generation; (C) desalination; (D) production of liquid and gaseous fuels; and (E) production of chemicals such as ammonia and ethylene; (4) development of testing facilities for hybrid energy systems; and (5) research on incorporation of various technologies for hybrid energy systems, including nuclear energy, renewable energy, storage, and carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration technologies. (b) Strategic plan (1) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Grid Modernization Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a strategic plan that identifies opportunities, challenges, and standards needed for the development and commercial application of hybrid energy systems. The strategic plan shall include— (A) analysis of the potential benefits of development of hybrid electric systems on the electric grid; (B) analysis of the potential contributions of hybrid energy systems to different grid architecture scenarios; (C) research and development goals for various hybrid energy systems, including those identified in subsection (b); (D) assessment of policy and market barriers to the adoption of hybrid energy systems; (E) analysis of the technical and economic feasibility of adoption of different hybrid energy systems