; and (B) microgrid applications. (7) Advanced transportation mechanisms for wind turbine components. (8) Transformational technologies for harnessing wind energy, including airborne wind energy concepts. (9) Methods to extend the operational lifetime of onshore and offshore wind turbines and systems. (10) Other research areas, as determined by the Secretary. (c) Wind energy technology validation and market transformation grants (1) Demonstration projects In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall award grants to eligible entities to carry out demonstration projects that demonstrate and validate new wind energy technologies that have the potential to be cost-competitive for land-based, offshore, and distributed applications. (2) Facility for hybrid energy system research grants In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall award grants to eligible entities to establish a facility or support an existing facility in conducting research and demonstration projects for wind turbines and plants in hybrid energy systems that incorporate diverse generation sources, loads, and storage technologies. (3) Offshore research facility grants (A) In general In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall award grants to eligible entities to establish a facility to conduct research, development, and demonstration projects, in coordination with the oceanic and atmospheric science communities, for ocean and atmospheric resource characterization relevant to offshore wind energy development. (B) Facility requirements A facility established using a grant under subparagraph (A) shall be an offshore facility used to evaluate, test, and advance atmospheric, oceanic, biologic, and geologic monitoring technologies that improve offshore wind energy development, including the generation of benchmark data sets for testing offshore wind energy technologies and informing how those technologies may be financed, insured, and regulated. (4) Offshore support structure testing facility grants In carrying out the program, the Secretary