; (ix) building capacity to support extracurricular STEM programs in rural schools, including mentor-led engagement programs, STEM programs held during nonschool hours, STEM networks, ma­ker­spa­ces, and competitions; and (x) any other activity the Director determines will accomplish the goals of this subsection. (c) Application An applicant seeking a grant under subsection (a) or (b) shall submit an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Director may require. The application may include the following: (1) A description of the target population to be served by the research activity or activities for which such grant is sought. (2) A description of the process for recruitment and selection of students, educators, or schools from rural areas to participate in such activity or activities. (3) A description of how such activity or activities may inform efforts to promote rural students in grades Pre–K through 12 engagement and achievement in STEM studies. (4) In the case of a proposal consisting of a partnership or partnerships with one or more rural schools and one or more researchers, a plan for establishing a sustained partnership that is jointly developed and managed, draws from the capacities of each partner, and is mutually beneficial. (d) Partnerships In awarding grants under subsection (a) or (b), the Director shall— (1) encourage applicants which, for the purpose of the activity or activities funded through the grant, include or partner with a nonprofit organization or an institution of higher education (or a consortium thereof) that has extensive experience and expertise in increasing the participation of students in grades Pre–K through 12 in STEM; (2) encourage applicants which, for the purpose of the activity or activities funded through the grant, include or partner with a consortium of rural schools or rural school districts