; (7) analyze the factors associated with making carbon utilization technologies viable at a commercial scale, including carbon waste stream availability, economics, market capacity, energy, and lifecycle requirements; (8) assess the major technical challenges associated with increasing the commercial viability of carbon reuse technologies, and identify the research and development questions that will address those challenges; (9) assess current research efforts, including basic, applied, engineering, and computational, that are addressing these challenges and identify gaps in the current research portfolio