; and restrictions on worker rights, including restrictions on formation of independent unions and reports of child labor . (5) Iraqis who are removed to Iraq are also at particular risk if they are perceived as American or affiliated with the United States, which is the case for the vast majority of Iraqis facing removal, since most have lived in the United States for many years. Iraqis who have family or employment ties in the United States face heightened risks within Iraq on the basis of their perceived loyalty to the United States. For more than a decade, groups hostile to the United States have persecuted and tortured extended family on account of a single family member’s affiliation with the United States through employment or family ties. In 2007, Congress specifically created a refugee program for Iraqis affiliated with the United States because of the dangers facing Iraqis who have allied themselves with the United States. (6) Noncitizens previously ordered removed have a right to seek immigration relief based on current country conditions. (7) In the summer of 2017, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement sought to remove many Iraqi nationals, eventually detaining over 300. As a result of litigation, most of those detained Iraqis were able to seek immigration relief based on current country conditions. Once they were able to access the immigration court system, a large majority won motions to reopen their cases so that their eligibility for relief can be determined based on current country conditions. While most of the cases remain in process, many of these Iraqis have won merits relief, including withholding or deferral of removal under the Immigration and Nationality Act or Convention Against Torture, asylum, reinstatement of their status as lawful permanent residents, and naturalization. (8) There are an estimated 1,000 Iraqis who have not yet been able to seek immigration relief based on current country conditions. Due to the complexity of the required legal filings and the backlogs in the