; (B) a review of how signs used in the railroad industry differ; and (C) an analysis of whether a uniform system for speed signs across the United States rail system would benefit the railroad industry and improve safety. (2) Reevaluate seat securement mechanisms and the susceptibility of such mechanisms to inadvertent rotation, and identify a means to prevent the failure of such mechanisms to maintain seat securement. (3) Conduct research to evaluate the causes of passenger injuries in passenger railcar derailments and overturns and evaluate potential methods for mitigating such injuries. (4) Based on the research conducted under paragraph (3), develop occupant protection standards for passenger railcars that will mitigate passenger injuries likely to occur during derailments and overturns. (5) Develop policies for the safe use of child seats to prevent uncontrolled or unexpected movements in intercity passenger trains from disrupting the secure position of such seats. (b) Requirements for Amtrak Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, Amtrak shall— (1) ensure operating crewmembers demonstrate proficiency, under daylight and nighttime conditions, on the physical characteristics of a territory by using all resources available, including in-cab instruments, observation rides, throttle time, signage, signals, and landmarks; (2) ensure the proficiency required under paragraph (1) is demonstrated on written examinations; (3) revise classroom and road training programs to ensure that operating crews fully understand all locomotive operating characteristics, alarms, and the appropriate response to abnormal conditions; (4) require that all engineers undergo simulator training before operating new or unfamiliar equipment (at a minimum, experience and respond properly to all alarms), and when possible, undergo simulator training to experience normal and abnormal conditions on new territory before operating in revenue service on such new territory