; (B) develop guidelines for the heads of each agency to— (i) store metadata with respect to copies of records under paragraph (1)(A); and (ii) transfer such copies pursuant to paragraph (1)(B); and (C) make exemptions to the standards developed pursuant to subparagraph (A), taking into consideration— (i) any burden to the public; (ii) costs; and (iii) statutory, regulatory, and policy barriers. (3) Initial phase (A) In general Not later than December 31, 2020, the head of each agency shall begin to transfer electronic copies of records, including any metadata related to a record, pursuant to paragraph (1)(B). (B) Analog format deadline After December 31, 2020, each head of an agency may not transfer a copy of a record that is in an analog format to a records center maintained and operated by the Archivist. (4) Second phase Not later than December 31, 2022, each head of an agency shall transfer— (A) all copies of records to a records center maintained and operated by the Archivist; and (B) all copies of inactive and temporary records exempt under paragraph (2)(C) to a Federal records center or a commercial record storage facility. (b) Penalty to Federal agencies If, during any fiscal year, an agency is not in compliance with the requirements of this section, during the corresponding period in the following fiscal year, the agency may not obligate discretionary appropriations at a rate higher than the rate of obligation for the applicable appropriations accounts during the period of noncompliance in the previous fiscal year. (c) Designation of record management official (1) In general Section 3101 of title 44, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: 3101. Records management by agency heads