before election day. In Oregon, 7 years after vote-by-mail election implementation, over 80 percent of voters favored the vote-by-mail system. (13) Vote-by-mail typically increases turnout in all elections, but can be particularly effective in increasing voter participation in special elections and primary elections. Oregon, Washington, and Colorado, the 3 States with entirely vote by mail elections, continue to have consistently high voter turnout rates. In the 2016 Presidential election, while the percentage of registered voters who cast a ballot nationally was 68.1 percent, Oregon’s was 80.3 percent, Washington’s was 78.76 percent, and Colorado’s was 74.3 percent. (14) A crucial component of a modern voting system is making it easy, affordable, and accessible to register to vote. Thirty States introduced automatic voter registration legislation in the first 4 months of 2017, and 7 States plus the District of Columbia automatically register their citizens to vote when they apply for or renew a driver’s license. Automatic, permanent voter registration has the potential to increase participation, protect election integrity, and reduce registration costs. 3. Promoting ability of voters to vote by mail in Federal elections (a) Voting by mail in Federal elections (1) In general Subtitle A of title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 ( 52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 303 the following new section: 303A. Promoting ability of voters to vote by mail (a) In general If an individual in a State is eligible to cast a vote in an election for Federal office, the State may not impose any additional conditions or requirements on the eligibility of the individual to cast the vote in such election by mail, except to the extent that the State imposes a deadline for returning the ballot to the appropriate State or local election official. (b) Provision of ballot materials Not later than 2 weeks before the date of any election for Federal office, each State shall mail ballots to individuals who