; (10) a study published in the International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health estimated the economic cost of PFAS contamination from increased numbers of low birth weight infants was $13,700,000,000 from 2003 through 2014; (11) States such as Vermont, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Michigan are leading the way in terms of setting robust drinking water standards for PFAS chemicals; (12) the State of Vermont has implemented the strictest standard for PFAS chemicals in the United States, with a maximum contaminant level of 20 parts per trillion for the sum of 5 PFAS chemicals