; and (iii) an impact in which 30 percent of the width of the passenger vehicle overlaps the rear of the trailer or semi-trailer. (B) Effective date The rule issued under subparagraph (A) shall require full compliance with the motor carrier safety standard prescribed in such rule not later than 2 years after the date on which a final rule is issued. (2) Additional research The Secretary shall conduct additional research on the design and development of rear impact guards that can prevent underride crashes and protect motor vehicle passengers against severe injury at crash speeds of up to 65 miles per hour. (3) Review of Standards Not later than 5 years after any revisions to standards or requirements related to rear impact guards pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary shall review the standards or requirements to evaluate the need for changes in response to advancements in technology and upgrade such standards accordingly. (4) Inspections (A) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue such regulations as are necessary to amend the regulations on minimum periodic inspection standards under appendix G to subchapter B of chapter III of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and driver vehicle inspection reports under section 396.11 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to include rear impact guards and rear end protection (as required by section 393.86 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations). (B) Considerations In updating the regulations described in subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider it to be a defect or a deficiency if a rear impact guard is missing or has a corroded or compromised element that affects the structural integrity and protective feature of such guard. (b) Side underride guards (1) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall— (A) complete additional research on side underride guards to better understand the overall effectiveness of such guards