; (3) entry into the juvenile justice system may exacerbate the existing mental health and substance use disorder concerns of youths, particularly in the absence of consistent screening and treatment for these conditions; and (4) an estimated 33 percent of children in long-term juvenile justice facilities have intellectual, developmental, and other disabilities and were receiving special education services; therefore there is a need to have specific services and programs within the juvenile justice system with a focus on their needs; Whereas studies show that 41.2 percent of those who are diagnosed with a substance use disorder are also diagnosed with a mental illness, which is likely an underestimate in light of the current barriers to identifying and reporting mental health concerns; Whereas given the high co-occurrence with mental illness, comprehensive care for substance use should include access to psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, contingency management, recovery support, all evidence-based medication-assisted treatment, a multidisciplinary staff, and group therapy for adults, and— (1) addiction treatment centers should either offer or have available comprehensive care and support and have the ability to treat mental illness as well as substance use disorders; and (2) to allow for treatment flexibility to fit the needs of the patient, there is a need to increase access to all evidence-based medication-assisted treatment, in prisons, jails, and all addiction treatment centers; Whereas there are inequities in access, availability, and quality for mental health and substance use disorder services for minority communities, and— (1) there is greater stigma among racial and ethnic minority populations; (2) racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by disabilities that result from mental health conditions; and (3) only 31 percent of African Americans and Hispanics and 22 percent of Asians receive mental health care compared to 48 percent of Caucasians