1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Building Much Needed Rail Grade Separations Act of 2020 . 2. Grade separation grant program (a) In general Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 130 the following: 131. Railway-highway crossing separation program (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Crossing The term crossing means a railway-highway grade crossing. (2) Grade separation The term grade separation means separation of a rail-highway grade crossing through the building of an additional structure such as an overpass, underpass, or trench. (3) Large project The term large project means a project funded under this section that has a total eligible project costs of greater than $100,000,000. (4) Program The term Program means the grade separation investment program established under subsection (b)(1). (b) Establishment of grade separation program (1) In general The Secretary shall establish a grade separation investment program to provide grants on a competitive basis to carry out activities described in subsection (h) relating to grade separations. (2) Goals The goals of the Program shall be— (A) to separate railway-highway grade crossings; (B) to improve safety by reducing the number of deaths and injuries at rail-highway crossings; (C) to increase the efficiency, and reliability of the movement of people and freight over rail-highway crossings; (D) to increase the capacity of the freight and passenger rail system; (E) to reduce the amount of noise from trains; and (F) to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from less idling at rail-highway crossings. (c) Funding (1) Grant amounts Except as otherwise provided, a grant under the Program shall be— (A) in the case of a large project, in an amount that is— (i) adequate to fully fund the project (in combination with other financial resources identified in the application); and (ii) not less than $50,000,000