; and (iv) any other relief, including equitable or declaratory relief, that the court determines appropriate. (C) Injury in fact A violation of this Act with respect to the emergency health data of an individual constitutes a concrete and particularized injury in fact to that individual. (2) Invalidity of pre-dispute arbitration agreements and pre-dispute joint action waivers (A) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no pre-dispute arbitration agreement or pre-dispute joint action waiver shall be valid or enforceable with respect to a dispute arising under this Act. (B) Applicability Any determination as to whether or how this subsection applies to any dispute shall be made by a court, rather than an arbitrator, without regard to whether such agreement purports to delegate such determination to an arbitrator. (C) Definitions In this subsection: (i) The term pre-dispute arbitration agreement means any agreement to arbitrate a dispute that has not arisen at the time of making the agreement. (ii) The term pre-dispute joint-action waiver means an agreement, whether or not part of a pre-dispute arbitration agreement, that would prohibit, or waive the right of, one of the parties to the agreement to participate in a joint, class, or collective action in a judicial, arbitral, administration, or other forum, concerning a dispute that has not yet arisen at the time of making the agreement. (iii) The term dispute means any claim related to an alleged violation of this Act and between an individual and a covered organization. 7. Nonpreemption Nothing in this Act shall preempt or supersede, or be interpreted to preempt or supersede, any Federal or State law or regulation, or limit the authority of the Commission or the Secretary under any other provision of law. 8. Effective date (a) In general This Act shall apply beginning on the date that is 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act. (b) Authority To promulgate regulations and take certain other actions Nothing in subsection (a) affects— (1) the