; Whereas the ruling in Patterson v. McLean Credit Union, 491 U.S. 164 (1989) functioned as a major setback in ensuring that all aspects of an employee or individual’s interaction with a business would be free of racial discrimination; Whereas, in 1991, Congress disagreed with a plethora of Supreme Court decisions that undermined Federal antidiscrimination laws and challenged the Court’s restrictive interpretation of section 1977 of the Revised Statutes ( 42 U.S.C. 1981 ) in Patterson by statute, as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1991; Whereas the 2008 decision in CBOCS West, Inc. v. Humphries, 553 U.S. 442 (2008), further determined that section 1977 of the Revised Statutes ( 42 U.S.C. 1981 ) prohibits not only direct discrimination, but retaliation of those alleging discrimination, as well; Whereas Congress’ intent is clear through the legislative history of section 1977 of the Revised Statutes ( 42 U.S.C. 1981 ), which definitively illustrates the law was meant to provide and enforce robust protection against race discrimination in contracting; Whereas section 1977 of the Revised Statutes ( 42 U.S.C. 1981 ) provides that [a]ll persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right . . . to make and enforce contracts . . . as is enjoyed by white citizens. and the statute defines make and enforce contracts to include the making, performance, modification, and termination of contracts, and the enjoyment of all benefits, privileges, terms, and conditions of the contractual relationship. ; Whereas section 1977 of the Revised Statutes ( 42 U.S.C. 1981 ) clearly enumerates the protections afforded to minorities in the United States when contracting with businesses and makes clear that all aspects of the creation, modification, and termination of contracts are subject to the scrutiny of such section