paragraph, the term alien means an individual who is not a citizen of the United States or a national of the United States (as defined in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act), and who is not lawfully admitted for permanent residence (as defined in section 101(a)(20) of such Act). . (b) Effective date Section 301(d) of such Act ( 52 U.S.C. 21081(d) ) is amended to read as follows: (d) Effective date (1) In general Except as provided in paragraph (2), each State and jurisdiction shall be required to comply with the requirements of this section on and after January 1, 2006. (2) Special rule for requirements relating to foreign entities In the case of the requirements of paragraphs (7) and (8) of subsection (a), each State and jurisdiction shall be required to comply with such requirements on and after the date of the enactment of the American Election Security Act. .