; (2) provide access to user facilities with advanced or unique equipment, services, materials, and other resources to industry, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies to perform research and testing; and (3) provide technical expertise to inform the potential development of guidelines or safeguards for new products, processes, and systems of engineering biology. (c) Department of Energy As part of the Initiative, the Secretary of Energy shall— (1) conduct and support basic research, development, demonstration, and commercial application activities in engineering biology, including in the areas of synthetic biology, advanced biofuel development, biobased materials, and environmental remediation; (2) support the development, optimization, and validation of novel, scalable tools and technologies to enable the dynamic study of molecular processes in situ; and (3) provide access to user facilities with advanced or unique equipment, services, materials, and other resources, as appropriate, to industry, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies to perform research and testing. (d) National Aeronautics and Space Administration As part of the Initiative, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall— (1) conduct and support basic and applied research in engineering biology, including in synthetic biology, and related to Earth and space sciences, aeronautics, space technology, and space exploration and experimentation, consistent with the priorities established in the National Academies’ decadal surveys; and (2) award grants, on a competitive basis, that enable institutions to support graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who perform some of their engineering biology research in an industry setting. (e) Environmental Protection Agency As part of the Initiative, the Environmental Protection Agency shall support research on how products, processes, and systems of engineering biology will affect or can protect the environment.