; (20) in 2010—the most recent data available—there were more than 20,000 inmates with HIV/AIDS in State and Federal prisons, a prevalence that is 4 times the rate of HIV in the general population; (21) among incarcerated populations, African-American men are 5 times as likely as White men, and twice as likely as Hispanic/Latino men, to be diagnosed with HIV; (22) among incarcerated populations, African-American women are more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with HIV as White or Hispanic/Latino women; (23) transgender women in the United States are at high risk for HIV; (24) more than half of all transgender people diagnosed with HIV are Black or African American; (25) the Southern United States now experiences the highest burden of the HIV/AIDS epidemic; (26) in 2017, the South made up 52 percent of the new HIV diagnoses in the United States; (27) African Americans are severely and disproportionately affected by HIV in the South, accounting for 53 percent of all new HIV infections in the region; (28) socioeconomic issues impact the rates of HIV infection among African Americans in the South and throughout the United States; (29) socioeconomic factors like income inequality, poverty, and lack of access to HIV prevention education and basic health services, and cultural factors like homophobia, transphobia, and racism all pose significant challenges to combating the HIV/AIDS epidemic; (30) we are seeing signs of progress; (31) from 2011 to 2015, HIV diagnoses among African-American women fell by nearly 20 percent and have also fallen sharply among African Americans who inject drugs; (32) testing, education, counseling, and harm reduction practices are all critical to prevent HIV; (33) life-saving treatment is also a proven prevention tool, and research shows that antiretroviral drugs can reduce the amount of virus to undetectable levels (also known as viral suppression), effectively resulting in no risk of transmission of HIV