; or (ii) that the Secretary determines has a substantial risk of oil spills through any other means of transportation; and (B) with respect to which the Secretary has approved a proposal for the conduct of oil spill response or prevention activities or programs. (4) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Homeland Security. (b) Establishment of programs To enable a better understanding of oil spills and oil spill response, and to prevent oil spills, there are established— (1) a program under which the Secretary shall biennially award grants to eligible entities for the conduct of oil spill response research and technology development activities and programs and oil spill prevention activities and programs that the Secretary determines to be of substantial merit, including the conduct of research on oil spill response and prevention in ice-impacted environments; and (2) a program under which the Secretary shall annually award grants to eligible States for the conduct of oil spill prevention activities and programs in the eligible States, including— (A) equipment and technology upgrades; (B) upgrades to, and promotion of optimal use of, spill prevention and response training facilities; (C) support of strategic plans to address aging bulk oil storage and transportation infrastructure; (D) risk assessments and studies