; (2) developing tools to help utilities and communities ensure the continuous delivery of electricity to critical facilities; (3) developing tools to improve coordination between utilities and relevant Federal agencies to enable communication, information-sharing, and situational awareness in the event of a physical or cyber attack on the electric grid; (4) developing technologies and capabilities to withstand and address the current and projected impact of the changing climate on electric grid infrastructure, including extreme weather events and other natural disasters; (5) developing technologies capable of early detection of deteriorating electrical equipment on the transmission and distribution grid, including detection of spark ignition from wildfires and risks of vegetation contact; and (6) assessing upgrades and additions needed to electric grid infrastructure due to projected changes in the electricity generation mix and electricity demand. (c) Eligible entities The entities eligible to receive grants under this section include— (1) an institution of higher education; (2) a nonprofit organization; (3) a National Laboratory; (4) a unit of State, local, or tribal government; (5) an electric utility or electric cooperative; (6) a retail service provider of electricity; (7) a private commercial entity; (8) a partnership or consortium of two or more entities described in subparagraphs (1) through (7). (d) Relevant activities Grants awarded under subsection (b) shall include funding for research and development activities related to the purpose described in subsection (b), such as— (1) development of technologies to use distributed energy resources, such as solar photovoltaics, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and microgrids to improve grid and critical end-user resilience; (2) analysis of past large-area, long-duration electricity interruptions to identify common elements and best practices for electricity restoration, mitigation, and prevention of future disruptions