(f) Alternatives to detention (1) In general The Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish programs that provide alternatives to detaining aliens, which shall offer a continuum of supervision mechanisms and options, including community-based supervision programs and community support. The Secretary may contract with nongovernmental community-based organizations to provide programs, which may include case management services, appearance assistance services, and screenings of aliens who have been detained. (2) Individualized determination required In determining whether to order an alien to participate in a program under this subsection, the Secretary, or the immigration judge, as appropriate shall make an individualized determination to determine the appropriate level of supervision for the alien. Participation in a program under this subsection may not be ordered for an alien for whom it is determined that release on reasonable bond or recognizance will reasonably ensure the appearance of the alien as required and the safety of any other person and the community. (3) Prohibition on fees for monitoring devices In a case in which an alien is required to wear an ankle monitor or other homing device as an alternative to detention, the alien may not be charged any fee associated with such monitor or device that exceeds the cost of maintaining and operating such monitor or device.