; (ii) the Secretary of Energy; (iii) the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; (iv) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; and (v) the head of any other Federal agency determined appropriate by the Commission; (B) the term climate change means a change of climate that is— (i) attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere; and (ii) in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods; (C) the term covered issuer means an issuer that is required to file an annual report under subsection (a) or section 15(d); (D) the term physical risks means financial risks to long-lived fixed assets, locations, operations, or value chains that result from exposure to physical climate-related effects, including— (i) increased average global temperatures and increased frequency of temperature extremes; (ii) increased severity and frequency of extreme weather events; (iii) increased flooding; (iv) sea-level rise; (v) ocean acidification; (vi) increased frequency of wildfires; (vii) decreased arability of farmland; (viii) decreased availability of fresh water; and (ix) any other financial risks to long-lived fixed assets, locations, operations, or value chains determined appropriate by the Commission, in consultation with appropriate climate principals; (E) the term transition risks means financial risks that are attributable to climate change mitigation and adaptation, including efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and strengthen resilience to the impacts of climate change, including— (i) costs relating to— (I) international treaties and agreements; (II) Federal, State, and local policy; (III) new technologies; (IV) changing markets; (V) reputational impacts relevant to changing consumer behavior; and (VI) litigation; and (ii) assets that may lose value or become stranded due to any of the costs described in subclauses (I) through (VI) of clause (i)