chronic diseases. (viii) Individuals with lower levels of educational attainment are much more likely to report to be current smokers. In 2017, smoking prevalence was 36.8 percent among adults with a GED diploma, 23.1 percent with less than a high school diploma, and 18.7 percent with a high school diploma, while dropping significantly to 7.1 percent among adults with an undergraduate college degree and 4.1 percent with a postgraduate college degree. (ix) Income inequality differences account for a large part of health disparities. For example, children living in poverty experience poorer housing conditions, increased exposure to indoor allergens and toxins (such as pesticides, lead, mercury, radon, air pollution, and carcinogens), increased food insecurity, and more psychological stress. These experiences culminate in worse adult health as compared with children with higher socioeconomic status. Specifically, children living in lower socioeconomic neighborhoods have higher rates of asthma due to higher rates of psychological stress resulting from higher rates of violence. Food insecurity is associated with obesity and racial and ethnic minorities have higher rates of food insecurity. (x) Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning and intersex (LGBTQIA) individuals face health disparities linked to societal stigma, discrimination, and denial of their civil and human rights. Discrimination against LGBTQIA individuals has been associated with high rates of psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Experiences of violence and victimization are frequent for LGBTQIA individuals, and have long-lasting effects on the individual and the community. Personal, family, and social acceptance of sexual orientation and gender identity affects the mental health and personal safety of LGBTQIA individuals. (xi) Individuals in older and cheaper housing are at higher risks to be exposed to lead, particularly in housing built prior to 1960. The threat of lead poisoning disproportionally affects vulnerable