1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Scientific Agencies Following Evidence and Guaranteeing that Unscientific Agendas are Refused and Denounced Act of 2020 or the SAFEGUARD Act of 2020 . 2. Public Health Oversight Panel Part B of title II of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 238 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 249. Public Health Oversight Panel (a) Establishment There is established a permanent panel to be known as the Public Health Oversight Panel (in this section referred to as the Panel ). (b) Duties The Panel shall— (1) in consultation with public health advisory committees determined by the Panel, advise the agencies of the Public Health Service regarding the scientific basis for their actions; and (2) during public health emergencies— (A) review regulations, guidance, and orders of the agencies of the Public Health Service, as described in subsection (c); and (B) as appropriate, make determinations pursuant to subsection (c)(2). (c) Review during public health emergencies Beginning not later than 3 months after the date of the enactment of this section, the head of each agency of the Public Health Service shall— (1) before issuing any final regulation, guidance, or order relating to a public health emergency, during such public health emergency, give the Panel an opportunity to review, in consultation with public health advisory committees determined by the Panel, the scientific basis underlying the regulation, guidance, or order, including access to any relevant data in the possession of the agency; and (2) refrain from issuing such regulation, guidance, or order if the Panel determines that— (A) such scientific basis is incorrect; or (B) the evidence in support of such scientific basis is insufficient. (d) Membership The Panel shall be composed of— (1) the Assistant Secretary for Health, who shall serve as the Chair of the Panel