; (3) both Russia and China are rapidly enhancing their existing offensive missile systems and developing advanced sea-, ground-, and air-launched cruise missiles as well as hypersonic capabilities; (4) due to the proliferation of offensive ballistic and cruise missiles and the emergence of game-changing hypersonic weapons technologies, all of which threaten regional balances, our allies and partners, United States deployed armed forces, and the United States homeland, missile defenses become an even more critical element of United States strategy; and (5) the United States must outpace adversary offensive missile capabilities. (c) Expansion of policy Section 1681(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 ( Public Law 114–328