; and (ii) describe how each project identified under clause (i) would improve the resilience of the transportation system. . (2) Amendments to title 49 (A) Climate change and resilience Section 5303(i)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: (I) Climate change and resilience (i) In general The transportation planning process shall assess strategies to reduce the climate change impacts of the surface transportation system and conduct a vulnerability assessment to identify opportunities to enhance the resilience of the surface transportation system and ensure the efficient use of Federal resources. (ii) Climate change mitigation and impacts A long-range transportation plan shall— (I) identify investments and strategies to reduce transportation-related sources of greenhouse gas emissions per capita; (II) identify investments and strategies to manage transportation demand and increase the rates of public transportation ridership, walking, bicycling, and carpools; and (III) recommend zoning and other land use policies that would support infill, transit-oriented development, and mixed use development. (iii) Vulnerability assessment A long-range transportation plan shall incorporate a vulnerability assessment that— (I) includes a risk-based assessment of vulnerabilities of critical transportation assets and systems to covered events (as such term is defined in section 124 of title 23); (II) considers, as applicable, the risk management analysis in the State’s asset management plan developed pursuant to section 119 of title 23, and the State’s evaluation of reasonable alternatives to repeatedly damaged facilities; (III) identifies evacuation routes, assesses the ability of any such routes to provide safe passage for evacuation and emergency response during an emergency event, and identifies any improvements or redundant facilities necessary to adequately facilitate safe passage