; or (II) at least one entity specified in such clauses and a relevant private sector organization that is not a nonprofit organization. (C) National security laboratory At least 1 of the grants under this subsection shall be awarded to a national security laboratory of the National Nuclear Security Administration. (3) Purposes The purposes of the Centers established under this subsection are— (A) to serve the needs of the Department and such academic, educational, and private sector entities as the Secretary considers appropriate; (B) to advance research and education in artificial intelligence and facilitate improvement in the competitiveness of the United States; and (C) to provide access to computing resources to promote scientific progress and enable users from institutions of higher education, educational institutions, the National Laboratories, and industry— (i) to make scientific discoveries relevant to research in artificial intelligence; (ii) to conduct research to accelerate scientific breakthroughs in science and technology with respect to artificial intelligence; (iii) to support research conducted under this section; and (iv) to increase the distribution of research infrastructure and broaden the spectrum of students exposed to research in artificial intelligence at institutions of higher education (including emerging research institutions). (4) Coordination The Secretary shall ensure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities of each Center with the activities of— (A) other research entities of the Department, including the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, the Energy Frontier Research Centers, and the Energy Innovation Hubs