; Whereas the human influence on the climate system is unequivocal and evident from the increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing, observed warming, and understanding of the climate system; Whereas sustained, robust Federal support of climate science, observations, and modeling plays a key role in understanding the impacts of climate change in the United States and around the world, and will increase in importance as communities and the economy continue to feel the intensifying effects of climate change; Whereas according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, without additional mitigation efforts, there is a very high risk that global warming by the end of the 21st century will lead to severe, widespread, and irreversible impacts globally; Whereas according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Climate Change and Land, the land surface air temperature has risen nearly twice as much as the global average temperature since the preindustrial period, and climate change has adversely impacted food security, is contributing to desertification and land degradation, and is creating stresses on land that exacerbate existing risks to livelihoods, biodiversity, human and ecosystem health, infrastructure, and food systems; Whereas according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, the sea level continues to rise at an increasing rate, with the ocean projected to experience increased temperatures, further acidification, oxygen decline, and more frequent extreme weather events, exacerbating risks for human communities in low-lying coastal areas; Whereas according to the National Climate Assessment, impacts of climate change are already being felt in communities across the United States