; or (B) a project— (i) to maintain the condition of a Federal-aid highway, including routine maintenance; or (ii) that— (I) responds to a specific condition or event; and (II) restores a Federal-aid highway to a functional state of operations. (6) Applications To be eligible to receive a grant under paragraph (1), an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. (7) Federal share The Federal share of the cost of a project carried out using a grant under paragraph (1) shall be, as determined at the discretion of the grant recipient, up to 100 percent. . (2) Clerical amendment The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code (as amended by section 1123(b)), is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 171 the following: 172. Formula safety incentive program. 173. Fatality reduction performance program. . (b) Vulnerable road user research plan (1) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Administrator The term Administrator means the Secretary of Transportation, acting through the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration. (B) Vulnerable road user The term vulnerable road user has the meaning given the term in section 172(a) of title 23, United States Code. (2) Establishment of research plan The Administrator shall establish a research plan to prioritize research on roadway designs, the development of safety countermeasures to minimize fatalities and serious injuries to vulnerable road users, and the promotion of bicycling and walking, including research relating to— (A) roadway safety improvements, including traffic calming techniques and vulnerable road user accommodations appropriate in a suburban arterial context; (B) the impacts of traffic speeds, and access to low-traffic stress corridors, on safety and rates of bicycling and walking; (C) tools to evaluate the impact of transportation improvements on projected rates and safety of bicycling and walking