; and (2) nongovernmental or international organizations with appropriate expertise in developing curriculum and teaching English as a second language. (c) Impact on processing times The Secretary shall ensure that such training programs are strictly optional, occur within applicable processing times and do not delay or prevent the departure for the United States of refugees who have been approved for admission to the United States. (d) Timeline for implementation (1) Initial implementation Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall ensure that such training programs are fully and continually operational in at least 3 refugee processing regions. (2) Additional implementation Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall notify the appropriate congressional committees that such training programs are fully and consistently operational in 5 refugee processing regions. (e) GAO report Not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on the implementation of this section, including an assessment of the quality of English as a second language curriculum and instruction, the benefits of the work orientation and English as a second language training program to refugees, and recommendations on whether such programs should be continued, broadened, or modified, and shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the findings of such study. (f) Rule of construction Nothing in this section shall be construed to require that a refugee participate in such a training program as a precondition for the admission to the United States of such refugee. 403. Update of reception and placement grants Beginning with fiscal year 2020, the Secretary of State shall, when setting the amount of the reception and placement grants for refugees, ensure that— (1) the grant amount is adjusted so that it is adequate to provide for the anticipated initial