; and (B) may grant a doctoral degree. (4) Industry The term industry means entities in industries relevant to artificial intelligence. (5) Initiative The term Initiative means the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative established under section 101. (6) Institutions of higher education The term institutions of higher education has the meaning given the term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 ). (7) Interagency Committee The term Interagency Committee means the committee established or designated under section 104(a). (8) K–12 education The term K–12 education means elementary school and secondary education, as such terms are defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 7801 ). (9) Machine learning The term machine learning means a subfield of artificial intelligence that is characterized by giving computers the autonomous ability to progressively optimize performance of a specific task based on data without being explicitly programmed. I NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INITIATIVE 101. National Artificial Intelligence Initiative The President shall establish and implement an initiative with respect to artificial intelligence, to be known as the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative . In carrying out the Initiative, the President shall, acting through appropriate Federal entities, including the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program— (1) establish the objectives, priorities, and metrics for the strategic plans under section 103 to accelerate development of artificial intelligence science and technology applications in the United States; (2) invest in artificial intelligence science and technology research, development, demonstration, application to analysis and modeling, and other activities