; (2) by redesignating subsections (d) through (f) as subsections (e) through (g), respectively; (3) by inserting after subsection (c) the following: (d) Periodic reviews and updates Each railroad carrier that files an action plan under subsection (b) shall— (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the TRAIN Act , and annually thereafter, review such plan to ensure the effectiveness of actions taken to enable warning and enforcement of the maximum authorized speed for passenger trains at each location identified under subsection (b)(1); and (2) not later than 90 days prior to implementing any operational or territorial operating change, including initiating a new service or route, submit to the Secretary a revised action plan that addresses such operational or territorial operating change. ; and (4) by adding at the end the following: (h) Prohibition No new intercity rail passenger transportation or commuter rail passenger service may begin operation unless the railroad carrier providing such service is in compliance with this section. . 9509. Freight train crew size safety standards (a) In general Subchapter II of chapter 201 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 20169. Freight train crew size safety standards (a) Minimum crew size No freight train may be operated unless such train has a crew of at least 1 appropriately qualified and certified conductor and 1 appropriately qualified and certified engineer. (b) Exceptions Except as provided in subsection (d), the prohibition in subsection (a) shall not apply in the following circumstances: (1) Train operations within a rail yard or terminal area or on auxiliary or industry tracks. (2) A train operated— (A) by a railroad carrier that has fewer than 400,000 total employee work hours annually and less than $20,000,000 annual revenue; (B) at a speed of not more than 25 miles per hour