of higher education The term institution of higher education has the meaning given the term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 ). (3) Law enforcement agency The term law enforcement agency means any Federal, State, or local public agency engaged in the prevention, detection, or investigation of violations of criminal, immigration, or customs law. (4) Non-profit organization The term non-profit organization means an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such code. (5) Professional law enforcement association The term professional law enforcement association means a law enforcement membership association that works for the needs of Federal, State, local, or Indian tribal law enforcement agencies and with the civilian community on matters of common interest, such as the Hispanic Police Command Officers Association (HAPCOA), the National Asian Pacific Officers Association (NAPOA), the National Black Police Association (NBPA), the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE), Women in Law Enforcement, the Native American Law Enforcement Association (NALEA), the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), the National Sheriffs’ Association (NFA), the Fraternal Order of Police (FOP), and the National Association of School Resource Officers. 4. Agency activities (a) National Science Foundation (1) Research The Director of the National Science Foundation shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or organizations)— (A) to support social and behavioral research on— (i) policies and practices of law enforcement agencies and related outcomes, including the use of data and technology by law enforcement agencies