1. Short Title This Act may be cited as the Protect Our Universities Act of 2019 . 2. Findings Congress finds the following: (1) The United States enjoys one of the most vibrant and open education systems in the world. The free flow of ideas has led to the development of innovative technologies and new modes of thinking. The openness of the system also puts it at risk. Adversaries of the United States take advantage of access to federally funded sensitive research that takes place on the campuses of institutions of higher education. (2) According to Alex Joske of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, there are thousands of scientists with links to China’s People’s Liberation Army who have traveled to American universities over the last several years. In his report, Joske described the Chinese military’s tactic as picking flowers in foreign lands to make honey in China . (3) As stated in the January 2018 China’s Technology Transfer Strategy report by the Defense Innovation Unit, Academia is an opportune environment for learning about science and technology since the cultural values of U.S. educational institutions reflect an open and free exchange of ideas. As a result, Chinese science and engineering students frequently master technologies that later become critical to key military systems, amounting over time to unintentional violations of U.S. export control laws. . (4) In Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Director Wray’s view, Chinese nontraditional intelligence collectors are exploiting the very open research and development environment that we have, which we all revere. But they’re taking advantage of it, so one of the things we’re trying to do is view the China threat as not just the whole-of-government threat, but a whole-of-society threat on their end, and I think it’s going to take a whole-of-society response by us. . (5) Russia has also attempted to exploit the openness of our university system for intelligence purposes. In 2012, for instance, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR)