government has in recent years forcibly shut down even private Pride celebrations in Kampala. (11) On April 1, 2017, the Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta reported that the government of the autonomous republic of Chechnya had been arresting, detaining, and torturing gay and bisexual men in secret prisons since early 2017. International human rights groups and Russian LGBTI rights activists estimate that as many as 20 people may have been murdered thus far and potentially over 200 people were detained during the purge. An OSCE factfinding report released in December 2018 confirmed the atrocities, documenting several waves of violations of human rights abuses of persons based on their sexual orientation and gender identity . Reports from early 2019 suggest the purge has continued. (12) On May 23, 2017, and again on July 13, 2018, gay men were publicly caned in the Indonesian province of Aceh, while thousands of spectators snapped pictures outside a mosque as the brutal punishment was meted out. Several times in 2017, police in Indonesia have arrested men at private parties, sometimes releasing their photographs to the news media, endangering their lives. (13) In September 2017, reports emerged from Azerbaijan that authorities had begun a crackdown on gay men and transgender women, arresting more than 60 and subjecting them to beatings, harassment, torture, and blackmail. (14) From September through December 2017, over 70 LGBTI individuals were arrested in Egypt, with dozens receiving prison sentences of up to six years. In late 2017, authorities in Egypt instructed local media to delete any positive references to LGBTI people, and lawmakers proposed a bill that would criminalize LGBTI people and their allies. The arrests continued in 2018, with a Cairo-based LGBTI rights organization documenting 76 arrests for alleged same-sex conduct in 2018. (15) Anti-LGBTI laws not only endanger all LGBTI individuals, but also pose serious risks for those associated with or caring for LGBTI people. Studies have shown that when