; and (2) as part of such standard, establish performance requirements for electronic stability control systems, including operation of such systems. (d) Fire prevention and mitigation (1) Research and testing The Secretary shall conduct research and testing to determine the most prevalent causes of school bus fires and the best methods to prevent such fires and to mitigate the effect of such fires, both inside and outside the school bus. Such research and testing shall consider— (A) fire suppression systems standards, which at a minimum prevent engine fires; (B) firewall standards to prevent gas or flames from entering into the passenger compartment in school buses with engines that extend beyond the firewall; and (C) interior flammability and smoke emissions characteristics standards. (2) Standards The Secretary may issue fire prevention and mitigation standards for school buses, based on the results of the Secretary's research and testing under paragraph (1), if the Secretary determines that such standards meet the requirements and considerations set forth in subsections (a) and (b) of section 30111 of title 49, United States Code. (e) Definitions In this section: (1) Automatic braking system The term automatic braking system means a crash avoidance system installed and operational in a vehicle that consists of— (A) a forward warning function— (i) to detect vehicles and objects ahead of the vehicle; and (ii) to alert the operator of an impending collision; and (B) a crash-imminent braking function to provide automatic braking when forward-looking sensors of the vehicle indicate that— (i) a crash is imminent