; and (ii) to support partnerships among institutions of higher education and industry that facilitate collaborative research, personnel exchanges, and workforce development with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence engineering; (E) to coordinate research efforts with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence engineering funded through existing programs across the directorates of the National Science Foundation; (F) to ensure adequate access to research and education infrastructure with respect to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence engineering, including through development of hardware and facilitation of the use of computing resources, including cloud-based computing services; and (G) to increase participation rates in research and education on artificial intelligence among underrepresented communities by engaging with minority-serving institutions. (c) Graduate traineeships In carrying out the program required under subsection (a), the Director may provide traineeships to graduate students at institutions of higher education who— (1) are United States nationals or aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States