; and (B) includes geothermal heat pumps as a component technology in the residential and commercial deployment activities of the program; and (3) geothermal heat pumps and direct use of geothermal energy, especially in large-scale applications, can make a significant contribution to the use of renewable energy but are underrepresented in research, development, demonstration, and commercialization. (b) Purposes The purposes of this section are— (1) to improve the components, processes, and systems used for geothermal heat pumps and the direct use of geothermal energy; and (2) to increase the energy efficiency, lower the cost, increase the use, and improve and demonstrate the applicability of geothermal heat pumps to, and the direct use of geothermal energy in, large buildings, commercial districts, residential communities, and large municipal, agricultural, or industrial projects. (c) Definitions In this section: (1) Direct use of geothermal energy The term direct use of geothermal energy means systems that use water that is at a temperature between approximately 38 degrees Celsius and 149 degrees Celsius directly or through a heat exchanger to provide— (A) heating to buildings; or (B) heat required for industrial processes, agriculture, aquaculture, and other facilities. (2) Geothermal heat pump The term geothermal heat pump means a system that provides heating and cooling by exchanging heat from shallow ground or surface water using— (A) a closed loop system, which transfers heat by way of buried or immersed pipes that contain a mix of water and working fluid