; (2) in subsection (a)— (A) by striking (a) No authority convening a general, special, or summary court-martial and inserting (a)(1) No court-martial convening authority ; (B) in paragraph (1) (as designated by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph), by striking proceeding. No person and inserting the following: proceeding. (3) No person ; (C) by inserting before paragraph (3) (as designated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph) the following new paragraph: (2) No court-martial convening authority, nor any other commanding officer, may deter or attempt to deter a potential witness from participating in the investigatory process or testifying at a court-martial. The denial of a request to travel at government expense or refusal to make a witness available shall not by itself constitute unlawful command influence. ; (D) in paragraph (3) (as so designated)— (i) by inserting attempt to before influence ; (ii) by striking with respect to his judicial acts and inserting or preliminary hearing officer with respect to such acts taken pursuant to this chapter as prescribed by the President ; and (iii) by striking the second sentence; and (E) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: (4) Paragraphs (1) through (3) shall not apply with respect to— (A) general instructional or informational courses in military justice if such courses are designed solely for the purpose of instructing members of a command in the substantive and procedural aspects of courts-martial; (B) statements regarding criminal activity or a particular criminal offense that do not advocate a particular disposition, or a particular court-martial finding, or sentence; or (C) statements and instructions given in open court by the military judge or counsel. (5) (A) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) through (3), but subject to subparagraph (B)— (i) a superior convening authority or officer may generally discuss matters to consider regarding the disposition of alleged violations of this chapter with a subordinate convening authority or officer