; and (B) gather the data needed to support informed decisions of the Federal Aviation Administration regarding overland supersonic flight. (2) A subsonic flight program of flight technology demonstrations that use existing aircraft and multiple large-scale X-Plane demonstrators developed sequentially or in parallel, each of which is based on a set of new configuration concepts or technologies determined by the Administrator— (A) to demonstrate aircraft vehicle and propulsion concepts and technologies and related advances in alternative propulsion and energy; and (B) to enable significant increases in energy efficiency and lower life cycle emissions in the aviation system while achieving a step change in noise emissions. (3) An advanced structures, materials, and manufacturing program that— (A) leverages advances in composite material and structures design, certification, and manufacturing technologies for use in commercial and military aircraft that have been enabled by the Advanced Composites Project and the Advanced Composite Consortium; (B) drastically reduces the nonrecurring time and cost for design, manufacturing technology development, and certification of advanced and nontraditional composite materials and manufacturing processes; (C) makes time reduction improvements to increase recurring production rates; and (D) includes, as focus areas— (i) the leveraging of advances in computer modeling and simulation in virtual allowables, automated design tools, and manufacturing process development; (ii) the enabling of rapid design, automated manufacturing technology, inspection, process control, and certification for nonorthogonal lay-ups, nontraditional preforms, thermoplastics, ceramics, advanced resin infusion processes, and additive manufacturing for primary aircraft structure