; and (2) should include participation from not fewer than 3 or more such entities to the maximum extent practicable. 204. Sense of Congress on United States-Israel economic cooperation It is the sense of Congress that— (1) the United States-Israel economic partnership— (A) has achieved great tangible and intangible benefits to both countries; and (B) is a foundational component of the strong alliance; (2) science and technology innovations present promising new frontiers for United States-Israel economic cooperation, particularly in light of widespread drought, cybersecurity attacks, and other major challenges impacting the United States; and (3) the President should regularize and expand existing forums of economic dialogue with Israel and foster both public and private sector participation. 205. Cooperation on directed energy capabilities (a) Authority (1) In general The Secretary of Defense, upon a request from the Ministry of Defense of Israel, and with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, is authorized to carry out research, development, test, and evaluation activities, on a joint basis with Israel, to establish directed energy capabilities that address threats to the United States, deployed forces of the United States, or Israel. Any activities carried out under this paragraph shall be conducted in a manner that appropriately protects sensitive information, the national security interests of the United States, and the national security interests of Israel. (2) Report The activities described in paragraph (1) may be carried out after the Secretary of Defense submits a report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes— (A) a memorandum of agreement between the United States and Israel regarding sharing of research and development costs for the capabilities described in paragraph (1), and any supporting documents