; and (II) are procured at a rate that adequately maintains soil carbon and prevents erosion; (ii) closed-loop biomass (as defined in section 45(c)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) that is harvested from land cleared prior to January 1, 2019; (iii) byproducts of wood or paper mill operations, including lignin in spent pulping liquors; (iv) small diameter thinned trees (as defined in a regulation promulgated by the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and Secretary of the Interior, pursuant to a negotiated rulemaking), logging residues (as defined by the Forest Service), or tops and limbs (as defined by the Forest Service); (v) trees removed for purposes of ecological restoration, to be determined by the Secretary, in consultation with the Chief of the Forest Service and the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, taking into consideration climate impacts; (vi) algae; (vii) nonhazardous plant matter derived from waste— (I) including separated yard waste, landscape right-of-way trimmings, and food waste; but (II) not including municipal solid waste, recyclable waste paper, painted, treated or pressurized wood, or wood contaminated with plastic or metals