; and (B) includes Native Hawaiian as that term is defined in section 2 of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act ( 25 U.S.C. 3001 ). (6) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior. (7) Tangible cultural heritage The term tangible cultural heritage means— (A) Native American human remains; or (B) culturally, historically, or archaeologically significant objects, resources, patrimony, or other items that are affiliated with a Native American culture. 4. Enhanced NAGPRA penalties Section 1170 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking 5 years each place it appears and inserting 10 years . 5. Export prohibition and certification system and international agreements (a) Export prohibitions (1) In general It shall be unlawful for any person to export or otherwise transport from the United States any Item Prohibited from Exportation. (2) Penalties Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall be fined in accordance with section 3571 of title 18, United States Code, and shall be imprisoned for not more than 1 year for a first violation and not more than 10 years for a second or subsequent violation. (b) Export certification system (1) Export certification requirement (A) In general No Item Requiring Export Certification may be exported from the United States without first having obtained an export certification in accordance with this subsection. (B) Publication The Secretary shall, in consultation with Indian Tribes, publish in the Federal Register a notice that includes— (i) a description of characteristics typical of Items Requiring Export Certification, which shall be sufficiently specific and precise to ensure an export certification is required only of such Items Requiring Export Certification and that fair notice is given to exporters and other persons as to which items require an export certification under this paragraph