; (2) employment in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or a related field; or (3) attending a business meeting, conference, or academic or cultural exchange, that includes activities related to science, technology, engineering, mathematics, or a related field. (b) Applicability The restriction under subsection (a) shall not apply for any year in which the President certifies to Congress that— (1) the People’s Republic of China has not provided state support of cyber espionage against a United States company during the preceding year; and (2) no individual or entity present in the United States has engaged in espionage against a United States company on behalf of the People’s Republic of China during the preceding year. (c) Definitions In this section: (1) Cyber espionage The term cyber espionage means unauthorized access to a communications network, a communications system, or a device connected to such a network or system that— (A) is carried out by a foreign government or any individual or entity working on behalf of a foreign government; and (B) is for the purpose of— (i) collecting information related to a copyrighted or copyrightable work, patented or patentable invention, trademarked good or service, or trade secret (as such term is defined in section 1839 of title 18, United States Code)