extend the lifespan and cost effectiveness of waterproofing membranes. (8) Green roofs can contribute to landfill diversion by prolonging the life cycle of waterproofing membranes and insulation materials. By increasing the life cycle and reducing roof replacement costs, less roofing materials over the life of the building need to be disposed of. Green roofs generate the need for recycled components in growing media. Green roofs can prolong the service life of heating, ventilation, and HVAC systems through decreased use. (9) Green roofs can reduce the amount of stormwater runoff and also delay the time at which runoff occurs, resulting in decreased stress on sewer systems and streams at peak flow periods and decreased pollution in United States waterways. (10) The plants on green roofs can capture airborne pollutants, atmospheric deposition, and can filter noxious gases, as well as provide habitat for and habitat connectivity for local species of pollinators. (11) Green roofs can provide much needed additional greenspaces to urban centers. These greenspaces can create new habitats for a wide variety of plants, animals, and insects needed for healthy biosystems. (12) Green roofs can provide much needed greenspaces for healthy human habitation of dense urban spaces. Green roofs can be used for passive and active recreation and relaxation spaces for humans. (13) Green roofs can generate potential employment for green roof installation and maintenance personnel. Specialized green roof installations can generate income and employment for urban farm operations. (14) The temperature moderating effects of green roofs can reduce demand for electrical power and other energy and fuel sources, and potentially decrease the amount of CO 2 and other polluting by-products being released into the air. (15) Through natural transpiration, plants on vertical and horizontal surfaces are able to cool cities during hot summer months and reduce the urban heat island effect. (16) Green roofs plants can capture dust and particulate