; (ii) conduct studies regarding the means by which those concepts would impact reactor economics, the fuel cycle, operations, safety, and the environment; and (iii) subject to paragraph (3), publish the studies conducted under clause (ii); and (C) cooperate with institutions of higher education through the Nuclear Energy University and Integrated Research Projects programs of the Department. (3) Sensitive information The Secretary shall not publish any information under paragraph (2)(B)(iii) that is detrimental to national security, as determined by the Secretary. (4) Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the program under this subsection $120,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029. (i) Nuclear energy enabling technologies (1) In general The Secretary shall carry out a program under which the Secretary shall— (A) conduct research relating to modeling and simulation tools; (B) provide access to unique nuclear energy research capabilities through the Nuclear Science User Facilities of the Department; and (C) address workforce needs in critical, focused nuclear energy-related fields. (2) Support for nuclear initiatives The program under this subsection shall support the goals, objectives, and activities of the National Reactor Innovation Center and the Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear initiative of the Department to make nuclear energy research capabilities accessible to industry engineers and scientists through a public-private partnership. (3) Crosscutting technology development subprogram (A) In general In carrying out the program under this subsection, the Secretary shall establish a crosscutting technology subprogram, under which the Secretary shall provide assistance for high-priority research and development activities relating to innovative solutions to nuclear energy challenges carried out by— (i) institutions of higher education; (ii) National Laboratories