of this Act. (b) Reviews of scientific evidence (1) In general Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies, the National Academies shall review and summarize the scientific evidence, and assess the strength thereof, concerning the association between the exposure of humans to one or more covered toxins, including emissions from open burn pits, and each disease suspected to be associated with such exposure. (2) Reviews upon request Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies under this section, the National Academies shall conduct a review described in paragraph (1) in response to each request made by the Secretary under section 1119(b)(1) of title 38, United States Code, as added by section 2(a). (c) Scientific determinations concerning diseases (1) In general For each disease reviewed under subsection (b), the National Academies shall determine (to the extent that available scientific data permit meaningful determinations) whether there is a positive association between the exposure of humans to one or more covered toxins, including emissions from open burn pits, and the occurrence of the disease in humans, taking into account the strength of the scientific evidence and the appropriateness of the statistical and epidemiological methods used to detect the association. (2) Submissions for reviews upon request Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies under this section, not later than 270 days after the date on which the Secretary transmits a request to the National Academies with respect to a disease under section 1119(b)(1) of title 38, United States Code, as added by section 2(a), the National Academies shall submit to the Secretary the determination made with respect to that disease under paragraph (1). (d) Recommendations for additional scientific studies (1) In general Under an agreement between the Secretary and the National Academies under this section, the National Academies shall make any recommendations it has for additional