; and (C) is large enough— (i) to validate scaling factors; and (ii) to demonstrate the interaction between major components so that control philosophies for a new process can be developed and enable the technology to advance from large-scale pilot plant application to commercial-scale demonstration or application. (d) Cost and performance goals In carrying out the development, demonstration, and commercial application activities under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider cost and performance goals, in order to advance development and deployment of carbon capture technologies that can become cost competitive in commercial applications. (e) Carbon capture pilot test centers (1) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Clean Energy Future Through Innovation Act of 2020 , the Secretary shall award grants to one or more entities for the operation of Carbon Capture Test Centers (in this subsection referred to as the Centers ) to provide unique testing capabilities for innovative power system technologies to capture carbon dioxide or otherwise produce a carbon dioxide stream suitable for utilization or storage. (2) Purpose The Centers shall— (A) advance research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of carbon capture technologies for power systems