; and (E) a system safety assessment with respect to a system described in subparagraph (A) or (B) or with respect to any component or other system for which failure or erroneous operation of such component or system could result in an outcome with a severity level of hazardous or catastrophic, as defined in the appropriate Administration airworthiness requirements and guidance applicable to transport-category aircraft defining risk severity. (2) Ongoing communications (A) Newly discovered information The Administrator shall require that an applicant for, or holder of, a type certificate disclose to the Administrator, in such form, manner, or time as the Administrator may require, any newly discovered information or design or analysis change that would materially alter any submission to the Administrator under paragraph (1). (B) Aircraft system development changes The Administrator shall establish multiple milestones throughout the certification process at which a proposed aircraft system will be assessed to determine whether any change to such system during the certification process is such that such system should be considered novel or unusual by the Administrator. (3) Flight manuals The Administrator shall ensure that an aircraft flight manual and a flight crew operating manual (as appropriate or applicable) for an aircraft contains a description of the operation of a system described in paragraph (1)(A) and flight crew procedures for responding to a failure or aberrant operation of such system. (4) Civil penalty (A) Amount Notwithstanding section 46301, an applicant for, or holder of, a type certificate that knowingly violates paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection shall be liable to the Administrator for a civil penalty of not more than $1,000,000 for each violation. (B) Penalty considerations In determining the amount of a civil penalty under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall consider— (i) the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation, including the length of time that such