; and (2) by inserting after paragraph (24) the following: (25) The National Institute of Nutrition. . (b) Raising cap on number of institutes Section 401(d)(1) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 281(d)(1) ) is amended by striking 27 and inserting 28 . (c) Research focus of Institute Part C of title IV of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 285 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 21 National Institute of Nutrition 464z–7. Purposes and focus of research conducted by National Institute of Nutrition (a) In general The general purpose of the National Institute of Nutrition (in this subpart referred to as the Institute ) is to facilitate and help coordinate incisive research into nutrients, foods, and their relationships to better health. (b) Research focus Research conducted at or under a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement awarded by the Institute may include research in any of the following areas: (1) Leveraging nutrition as an effort to reduce health care costs. (2) Relationships between the gut microbiome and health. (3) Personalized nutrition based on life stage, metabolism, health state, health goals, and genetics. (4) Health and metabolic effects of major food groups for which effects remain unclear or controversial. (5) Optimal diets for weight loss and weight maintenance. (6) Optimal diets to prevent and treat Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes. (7) Optimal diets for cancer, both to reduce side effects of chemotherapy and radiation and also to directly target the cancer. (8) Health effect of trace bioactives and phenolics. (9) Effective behavior change and systems approaches for healthier eating. (10) Effective approaches to reduce dietary and health disparities. (11) Effects of foods on brain and mental health, from the developing brain in infants and children to protecting against memory loss, dementia, and depression later in life. (12) Effects of foods on allergies and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. (13) Optimal nutrition for military readiness. (14) Optimal