outweighs the concern that a reasonable person may question the integrity of the agency’s programs or operations. (b) Any waiver under this section shall take effect when the certification is signed by the President or the President’s designee. (c) For purposes of subsection (a), the public interest shall include exigent circumstances relating to national security or to the economy. De minimis contact with an executive agency shall be cause for a waiver of the restrictions contained in paragraph (2)(B) of the pledge. (d) For any waiver granted under this section, the individual who granted the waiver shall— (1) provide a copy of the waiver to the Director of the Office of Government Ethics not later than 48 hours after the waiver is granted