The courts of the United States shall have personal jurisdiction, to the maximum extent permissible under the Constitution of the United States, over any defendant in an action described in subsection (a). (3) Additional authority to issue orders In addition to authority already granted by other laws, the courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to make and issue any writ or order of injunction necessary or appropriate for the enforcement of this section, including pre-judgment injunctions related to transfer or disposal of assets. (d) Intervention The Attorney General may intervene in any action in which a foreign state is subject to the jurisdiction of a court of the United States under subsection (a) for the purpose of seeking a stay of the civil action, in whole or in part if the Secretary of State certifies that the United States is engaged in good faith discussions with the foreign state defendant concerning the resolution of the claims against the foreign state, or any other parties as to whom a stay of claims is sought. (e) Duration of stay (1) In general A stay under this section may be granted for not more than 180 days. (2) Extension (A) In general The Attorney General may petition the court for an extension of the stay for additional periods not to exceed 180 days. (B) Recertification A court shall grant an extension under subparagraph (A) if the Secretary of State recertifies that the United States remains engaged in good faith discussions with the foreign state defendant concerning the resolution of the claims against the foreign state, or any other parties as to whom a stay of claims is sought. (f) Dismissal of actions following foreign state agreement (1) Intervention The Attorney General may intervene in any action in which a foreign state is subject to the jurisdiction of a court of the United States under this section for the purpose of seeking the dismissal of the case. (2) Dismissal with prejudice Prior to the entry of judgment, a court of the United States may dismiss with