; (B) many patents are subjected to multiple post issuance reviews; or (C) most inventors cannot afford the costs of defending a patent challenged in a single post issuance review, as these costs can reach hundreds of thousand of dollars. (7) Infringement trials can cost tens of millions of dollars and can take up to ten years to reach a final judgment after all appeals, making legal relief unattainable for inventors. (8) These obstacles have given rise to an efficient infringement business model whereby large corporations infringe patent rights held by inventors without concern for any legal consequences. (9) Patent protection has led to patient cures, positive changes to the standard of living for all people in the United States, and improvements to the agricultural, telecommunications, software, biotech, pharmaceutical and electronics industries, among others. 3. Inventor protections (a) Inventor-Owned patent Section 100 of title 35, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: (k) The term inventor-owned patent means a patent with respect to which the inventor of the invention claimed by the patent or an entity controlled by that inventor— (1) is the patentee; and (2) holds all substantial rights. . (b) Inventor-Owned patent protections Chapter 32 of title 35, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 330. Inventor protections (a) Protection from post issuance proceedings in the united states patent and trademark office The United States Patent and Trademark Office shall not undertake a proceeding to reexamine, review, or otherwise make a determination about the validity of an inventor-owned patent without the consent of the patentee. (b) Choice of venue Any civil action for infringement of an inventor-owned patent or any action for a declaratory judgment that an inventor-owned patent is invalid or not infringed may be brought in a judicial district— (1) in accordance with section 1400(b) of title 28