; and (ii) the potential for the reuse of spent electric vehicle batteries for stationary grid storage; (B) the impact of grid integration on electric vehicles, including— (i) the impact of bi-directional electricity flow on battery degradation; and (ii) the implications of the use of electric vehicles for grid services on original equipment manufacturer warranties; (C) the impacts to the electric grid of increased penetration of electric vehicles, including— (i) the distribution grid infrastructure needed to support an increase in charging capacity; (ii) strategies for integrating electric vehicles onto the distribution grid while limiting infrastructure upgrades; (iii) the changes in electricity demand over a 24-hour cycle due to electric vehicle charging behavior; (iv) the load increases expected from electrifying the transportation sector; (v) the potential for customer incentives and other managed charging stations strategies to shift charging off-peak; (vi) the technology needed to achieve bi-directional power flow on the distribution grid; and (vii) the implementation of smart charging techniques; (D) research on the standards needed to integrate electric vehicles with the grid, including communications systems, protocols, and charging stations, in collaboration with the National Institute for Standards and Technology; (E) the cybersecurity challenges and needs associated with electrifying the transportation sector; and (F) an assessment of the feasibility of adopting technologies developed under the program established under subsection (a) at Department facilities. (2) Recommendations As part of the Vehicles-to-Grid Integration Assessment Report, the Secretary shall develop a 10-year roadmap to guide the research, development, and demonstration program to integrate electric vehicles onto the electric grid. (3) Consultation In developing this report, the Secretary shall consult with relevant stakeholders, including— (A) electric vehicle manufacturers; (B) electric utilities; (C) public utility commissions