; (2) the 1979 Supreme Court decision in Goldwater v. Carter, 444 U.S. 996 (1979), is not controlling legal precedent with respect to the role of Congress in the withdrawal or termination of the United States from an international treaty, as the Court directed the lower court to dismiss the complaint and did not address the constitutionality of the decision by President Carter to terminate the Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China, signed at Washington December 2, 1954 (commonly referred to as the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty ); and (3) the United States should take every action to reinforce its global reputation as a country that fully complies with its obligations under the international treaties to which it is a party. 4. Affirmative congressional approval for termination or withdrawal from an international treaty No action to terminate or withdraw the United States from any international treaty to which the Senate has given its advice and consent to ratification may occur unless— (1) the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State meet the requirements under section 5; and (2) there is enacted into law a joint resolution that approves such action. 5. Justification, certifications, determination, and strategy on actions to terminate or withdraw the United States from an international treaty (a) In general Not later than 180 days before the provision of notice of intent to terminate or withdraw the United States from any international treaty to which the Senate has given its advice and consent to ratification, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall each submit to the appropriate committees of Congress— (1) a detailed justification for the withdrawal from or termination of the treaty