; and (VI) Climate change mitigation, including— (aa) researching the types of transportation projects that are expected to provide the most significant greenhouse gas emissions reductions from the surface transportation sector; and (bb) researching the types of transportation projects that are not expected to provide significant greenhouse gas emissions reductions from the surface transportation sector. (ii) Additional grants In awarding grants under this section and after awarding grants pursuant to clause (i), the Secretary may award any remaining grants to any grant recipient based on the criteria described in subsection (b)(4)(A). (E) Considerations for selected institutions (i) In general Tier 1 transportation centers awarded a grant under this paragraph with a focus area described in subparagraph (D)(i)(IV) shall consider the following areas for research: (I) strategies to address climate change mitigation and impacts described in section 134(i)(2)(I)(ii) of title 23 and the incorporation of such strategies into long range transportation plan; and (II) preparation of a vulnerability assessment described in section 134(i)(2)(I)(iii) of title 23. (ii) Activities A tier 1 transportation center receiving a grant under this section with a focus area described in subparagraph (D)(i)(IV) may— (I) establish best practices; (II) develop modeling tools; and (III) carry out other activities and develop technology that addresses the planning considerations described in clause (i). (iii) Limitation Research under this paragraph shall focus on metropolitan planning organizations that represent urbanized areas with populations of 200,000 or fewer. ; (3) in subsection (d)(3) by striking fiscal years 2016 through 2020 and inserting fiscal years 2022 through 2025 ; (4) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g)