1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Local Public Health And Safety Protection Act . 2. Findings Congress finds the following: (1) When it comes to gun violence, local laws serve the important purpose of addressing the unique issues and dangers facing each different community. (2) Most State constitutions generally allocate authority to local governments to regulate in the interests of the public health, safety, and welfare. States that have removed authority from local governments to regulate guns and ammunition have created a dangerous exception to the traditional rule of local authority. (3) Broad State preemption statutes ignore important local variations that may necessitate distinct approaches to the problem of gun violence. State preemption statutes threaten public safety because they prevent local governments from implementing customized solutions to gun violence in their communities. (4) By mandating a one-size-fits-all approach to firearms regulation, preemption statutes deprive the public of a critical problem-solving resource—local innovation. Local governments are often the source of cutting-edge laws to reduce gun violence, which are proven successful and later adopted at the statewide level. (5) State preemption statutes impede local government’s ability to fill regulatory gaps created by inaction at the State and Federal level. Restrictions on State and Federal resources also make an extra level of local involvement necessary to properly enforce many gun laws. For example, local law enforcement may provide much needed oversight of gun businesses, which the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives is too underfunded to provide. (6) States should not prohibit or restrict a local government from imposing or implementing laws that are more restrictive than the laws of the relevant State with respect to— (A) any background check requirement in relation to any firearm transaction