The term qualified countermeasure has the meaning given to such term in section 319F–1(a)(2) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–6a(a)(2)). . (c) Denial of double benefit (1) Taxable years beginning before January 1, 2021 In the case of specified medical research expenditures (as defined in section 41(f)(7) of such Code (as added by this section)) paid or incurred in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2021— (A) such expenditures shall be treated in the same manner as qualified research expenses and basic research expenses under section 280C(c)(1) of such Code (as in effect on the day before the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act), and (B) the amount determined under section 280C(c)(2)(A) (as in effect on such day) for the taxable year shall be increased by the amount of credit determined for the taxable year under section 41(a)(4) (as added by this section). (2) Taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020 Section 280C(c)(1) of such Code is amended by striking section 41(a)(1) and inserting paragraphs (1) and (4) of section 41(a) . (d) Conforming amendment Section 41(f)(1) of such Code is amended by striking and amounts paid or incurred to energy research consortiums each place it appears and inserting , amounts paid or incurred to energy research consortiums, and specified medical research expenditures . (e) Effective date The amendments made by this section shall apply to amounts paid or incurred after the date of the enactment of this Act, in taxable years ending after such date. 304. Refundable portion of research credit for small businesses engaging in specified medical research (a) In general Section 41 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (i) Refundable portion for small businesses engaging in specified medical research (1) In general At the election of a medical research small business, the portion of the credit determined under this section for the taxable year which is properly allocable to specified medical