; and (B) being at increased risk of rape, sexual exploitation, and abuse. (14) Rape and sexual assault against women and girls are used to torture, intimidate, and terrorize communities. Rape and sexual assault are used as tools of war in conflict zones, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, El Salvador, and South Sudan. UNFPA, the United Nation’s reproductive health and rights agency, leads the Gender Based Violence Area of Responsibility, which is responsible for global coordination and collaboration on GBV prevention and response in humanitarian settings and is a leading provider of post-rape care and other reproductive health services and commodities in humanitarian settings. (15) Child and forced marriage of girls— (A) is a harmful practice that deprives girls of their dignity and rights and creates barriers to development for communities and countries; (B) is projected to affect more than 150,000,000 girls who will become brides between 2019 and 2030; (C) can prematurely end girls’ education, increase vulnerability to gender-based violence, and significantly raise the risk of maternal and infant morbidity or mortality, including the risk of obstetric fistula and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS; (D) is perpetuated by poverty, a lack of educational or employment opportunities for girls, a lack of legal policies and enforcement of laws, and religious, cultural, and social factors related to girls’ perceived lack of value, factors which become particularly acute in conflict and disaster settings where fears of sexual violence and overstretched coping mechanisms often drive child and forced marriage