; and (B) any group practice or other health care provider that receives payment through an institutional provider global budget under this paragraph shall be subject to the same reporting and disclosure requirements of the institutional provider. (b) Payment amount (1) In general The amount of each payment to a provider described in subsection (a) shall be determined before the start of each fiscal year through negotiations between the provider and the regional director with jurisdiction over such provider. Such amount shall be based on factors specified in paragraph (2). (2) Payment factors Payments negotiated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall take into account, with respect to a provider— (A) the historical volume of services provided for each item and services in the previous 3-year period; (B) the actual expenditures of such provider in such provider’s most recent cost report under title XVIII of the Social Security Act for each item and service compared to— (i) such expenditures for other institutional providers in the director’s jurisdiction; and (ii) normative payment rates established under comparative payment rate systems, including any adjustments, for such items and services; (C) projected changes in the volume and type of items and services to be furnished; (D) wages for employees, including any necessary increases mandatory minimum safe registered nurse-to-patient ratios and optimal staffing levels for physicians and other health care workers; (E) the provider’s maximum capacity to provide items and services; (F) education and prevention programs; (G) permissible adjustment to the provider’s operating budget due to factors such as— (i) an increase in primary or specialty care access; (ii) efforts to decrease health care disparities in rural or medically underserved areas; (iii) a response to emergent epidemic conditions; and (iv) proposed new and innovative patient care programs at the institutional level