for Intelligence, Marcel Lettre, and the Commander of the United States Cyber Command, Admiral Michael Rogers, submitted joint testimony to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate that stated As of late 2016 more than 30 nations are developing offensive cyber attack capabilities and that Protecting critical infrastructure, such as crucial energy, financial, manufacturing, transportation, communication, and health systems, will become an increasingly complex national security challenge. . (5) There is significant evidence that hackers affiliated with foreign governments have conducted cyber operations targeting companies and critical infrastructure sectors in the United States as the Department of Justice and the Department of the Treasury have announced that— (A) on March 15, 2018, five Russian entities and 19 Russian individuals were designated under the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act, as well as pursuant to Executive Order No. 13694, for interference in the 2016 United States elections and other malicious cyber-enabled activities