system of supports The term multi-tier system of supports means a comprehensive continuum of evidence-based, systemic practices to support a rapid response to the needs of students, with regular observation to facilitate data-based instructional decision making. (12) Out-of-school suspension The term out-of-school suspension means an instance in which a student is excluded from school for disciplinary reasons by temporarily being removed from regular classes to another setting, including a home or behavior center, regardless of whether such disciplinary removal is deemed as a suspension by school officials. (13) Physical escort The term physical escort has the meaning given the term in section 595(d)(2) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 290jj(d)(2) ), except that the meaning shall be applied by substituting student for resident . (14) Physical restraint The term physical restraint means a personal restriction that immobilizes or reduces the ability of an individual to move the individual’s arms, legs, torso, or head freely, except that such term does not include a physical escort, mechanical restraint, or chemical restraint. (15) Positive behavior intervention and support The term positive behavior intervention and support means using a systematic and evidence-based approach to achieve improved academic and social outcomes for students. (16) Pushout The term pushout means an instance when a student leaves elementary, middle or secondary school, including a forced transfer to another school, prior to graduating secondary school due to overuse of exclusionary discipline practices, failure to address trauma or other mental health needs, discrimination, or other educational barriers that do not support or promote the success of a student. (17) School official The term school official means a teacher, school principal, administrator, or other personnel engaged in the performance of duties with respect to a school. (18) Seclusion The term seclusion means the involuntary confinement of a student alone in a