; (B) a State public utility commission; (C) an energy cooperative; (D) a municipality; (E) an electric utility; (F) a gas utility; or (G) a State energy office. (3) Eligible activities The Secretary may enter into a financial assistance agreement under this subsection for— (A) software upgrades by grid operators; (B) new power system (including power market) modeling platforms; (C) enhancements to cybersecurity safeguards; or (D) updated power system (including power market) planning, updated power system (including power market) modeling, or updated reliability planning and modeling by grid operators. (4) Cost sharing In awarding Federal financial assistance (including grants, loans, and any other form of financial assistance) to fund eligible activities under this subsection, the Secretary shall require cost sharing in accordance with section 988 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16352 ). (5) Coordination In carrying out the Advanced Energy Technology and Grid Services Program established under this subsection, the Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall coordinate with existing programs of the Department of Energy that focus on grid modernization efforts. 4. Advanced energy and grid efficiency studies and report (a) Studies (1) Advanced energy study The Secretary, in coordination with the Commission, shall carry out a study of the costs and benefits to consumers of updating power system planning, modeling, and operational practices, including reliability-related planning, and energy market participation rules on advanced energy technologies and resources, including distributed energy technologies and resources, such as— (A) energy storage technologies; (B) energy efficiency and transmission efficiency technologies; (C) distributed solar and wind energy generation; (D) fuel cells; (E) smart thermostats and smart building technologies; (F) demand response technologies, including natural gas demand response technologies; (G) advanced metering technologies