; (B) China, for actively targeting the US Government, its allies, and US companies for cyber espionage ; (C) Iran, for leverag[ing] cyber espionage, propaganda, and attacks to support its security priorities, influence events and foreign perceptions, and counter threats ; (D) North Korea, for previously conduct[ing] cyber-attacks against US commercial entities—specifically, Sony Pictures Entertainment in 2014 ; (E) terrorists, who use the Internet to organize, recruit, spread propaganda, raise funds, collect intelligence, inspire action by followers, and coordinate operations ; and (F) criminals, who are also developing and using sophisticated cyber tools for a variety of purposes including theft, extortion, and facilitation of other criminal activities . (11) On May 11, 2017, President Donald J. Trump issued Executive Order 13800 (82 Fed. Reg. 22391), entitled Strengthening the Cybersecurity of Federal Networks and Infrastructure , which— (A) designates the Secretary of State to lead an interagency effort to develop an engagement strategy for international cooperation in cybersecurity; and (B) notes that the United States is especially dependent on a globally secure and resilient internet and must work with allies and other partners toward maintaining … the policy of the executive branch to promote an open, interoperable, reliable, and secure internet that fosters efficiency, innovation, communication, and economic prosperity, while respecting privacy and guarding against disruption, fraud, and theft . 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Appropriate congressional committees The term appropriate congressional committees means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives . (2) Information and communications technology