benefits of such broadband service deployment efforts, including any effect on civic engagement. (c) Study and report on affordability of adoption of broadband service (1) Study The Office, in consultation with the Commission, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Treasury, and such other Federal agencies as the Office considers appropriate, shall, not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter, conduct a study that examines the following: (A) The number of households for which cost is a barrier to the adoption of broadband service, the financial circumstances of such households, and whether such households are eligible for the broadband benefit under section 1301. (B) The extent to which the cost of adoption of broadband service is a financial burden to households that have adopted broadband service, the financial circumstances of such financially burdened households, and whether such households are receiving the broadband benefit under section 1301. (C) The appropriate standard to determine whether adoption of broadband service is affordable for households, given the financial circumstances of such households. (D) The feasibility of providing additional Federal subsidies, including expanding the eligibility for or increasing the amount of the broadband benefit under section 1301, to households to cover the difference between the cost of adoption of broadband service (determined before applying such additional Federal subsidies) and the price at which adoption of broadband service would be affordable. (E) How a program to provide additional Federal subsidies as described in subparagraph (D) should be administered to most effectively facilitate adoption of broadband service at the lowest overall expense to the Federal Government, including measures that would ensure that the availability of the subsidies does not result in providers raising the price of broadband service for households receiving subsidies. (F) How participation in the Lifeline program