; and (2) by adding at the end the following: (d) Gathering information and technical expertise (1) In general The Secretary shall create a standard process for investigators to use during accident and incident investigations conducted under this section for determining when it is appropriate to, and how to— (A) gather information about an accident or incident under investigation from railroad carriers, contractors or employees of railroad carriers or representatives of employees of railroad carriers, and others, as determined relevant by the Secretary; and (B) consult with railroad carriers, contractors or employees of railroad carriers or representatives of employees of railroad carriers, and others, as determined relevant by the Secretary, for technical expertise on the facts of the accident or incident under investigation. (2) Confidentiality In developing the process under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall factor in ways to maintain the confidentiality of any entity identified under paragraph (1) if— (A) such entity requests confidentiality; (B) such entity was not involved in the accident or incident; and (C) maintaining such entity’s confidentiality does not adversely affect an investigation of the Federal Railroad Administration. (3) Application of law This subsection shall not apply to any investigation carried out by the National Transportation Safety Board. . 9507. Rail safety improvements (a) Federal railroad administration requirements Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall carry out the following: (1) Complete a study on how signage can be used to improve safety in the rail industry that includes— (A) a review of how signs used for other modes of transportation may be effectively used in the rail industry; (B) a review of how signs used in the railroad industry differ