1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Mongolia Third Neighbor Trade Act . 2. Findings Congress finds the following: (1) In 1992, Mongolia adopted a constitution establishing a parliamentary democracy, becoming the only country in Asia to transition from communism to democracy. Mongolia shares land borders with only the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. With a large land area and a population of only 3,000,000, Mongolia is the world’s most sparsely populated country, and Mongolia’s sovereignty is thought to be at risk from the overwhelming influence of its much larger and more populous neighbors. (2) Mongolia has shown its commitment to a third neighbor relationship with the United States by sending troops to support United States combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, and has a strong record of troop contributions to international peacekeeping missions. Mongolia’s success as a democracy, strategic location, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and ability to pursue an independent foreign policy are highly relevant to the national security of the United States. (3) Mongolia describes the United States as its most important third neighbor , but United States-Mongolia trade is substantially lower than many other bilateral trading relationships, and trade has declined in recent years. Total trade between the countries in 2012 measured $707,000,000, but in 2017 the United States exported only $82,200,000 in goods to Mongolia and imported only $9,400,000 in goods from Mongolia. (4) After mining, agriculture is the second most important sector contributing to the Mongolian economy. The livestock sector accounts for 87 percent of agricultural production in Mongolia and employs around one-third of the working population. (5) Since the 1940s, the annual mean air temperature in Mongolia has risen at three times the global rate. Average precipitation is declining and extreme weather disasters are more frequent, posing acute challenges for livestock herding in the country. In 2017, an estimated