1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Passenger Train Safety Act . 2. Safety implementation requirements (a) Federal Railroad Administration requirements Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration shall carry out the following: (1) Complete a study on how signage can be used to improve safety in the rail industry that includes— (A) a review of how signs used for other modes of transportation may be effectively used in the rail industry; (B) a review of how signs used in the railroad industry differ; and (C) an analysis of whether a uniform system for speed signs across the entire railroad industry would benefit the railroad industry and improve safety. (2) Reevaluate existing seat securement mechanisms and their susceptibility to inadvertent rotation, to identify a means to prevent the failure of these devices to maintain seat securement. (3) Conduct research to evaluate the causes of passenger injuries in passenger railcar derailments and evaluate potential methods for mitigating such injuries. (4) For research specified by the National Transportation Safety Board in safety recommendation R–16–35 that identifies safety improvements, use the findings to develop occupant protection standards for passenger railcars that will mitigate passenger injuries likely to occur during derailments and overturns. (b) Requirements for Amtrak Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, Amtrak shall— (1) ensure operating crewmembers demonstrate proficiency on the physical characteristics of a territory by using all resources available to them, including— (A) in-cab instruments, signage, signals, and landmarks; (B) under daylight and nighttime conditions; and (C) using observation rides, throttle time, and written examinations; (2) revise classroom and road training programs to ensure that operating crews fully understand all locomotive operating characteristics, alarms, and the appropriate response to abnormal conditions