1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Improving Diagnosis in Medicine Act of 2019 . 2. Research centers of diagnostic excellence (a) In general Section 912 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 299b–1 ) is amended— (1) in subsection (c), by inserting after part C the following: and subsection (d) ; and (2) by adding at the end the following: (d) Research Centers of Diagnostic Excellence (1) In general The Director shall award grants for the establishment and maintenance of centers, to be known as Research Centers of Diagnostic Excellence, that advance research and progress in diagnostic quality, safety, and value in clinical care and population health through implementing the activities specified in paragraph (3). (2) Considerations In awarding grants under paragraph (1), the Director shall take into consideration— (A) the level of development within the field of research on improving diagnosis in health care; and (B) the need to plan and establish new Research Centers of Diagnostic Excellence. (3) Activities (A) Required activities Each Research Center of Diagnostic Excellence receiving funds pursuant to paragraph (1) shall use such funds to— (i) serve as an interdisciplinary core diagnostic research hub for conducting diagnostic safety and quality research; (ii) support research and public health initiatives on improving diagnosis in medicine; and (iii) foster high-impact research on novel solutions to improve diagnosis that will significantly reduce patient harm. (B) Permissible activities In addition to the required activities listed in subparagraph (A), each Research Center of Diagnostic Excellence receiving funds pursuant to paragraph (1) may use such funds to— (i) build capacity by cultivating, training, and developing a highly qualified diagnostic research workforce; (ii) develop and validate operationally viable measures of diagnostic error to assess which approaches are effective for monitoring the diagnosis process of identifying, analyzing, and reducing diagnostic errors