; and (2) a disclosure of how each officer of the labor organization voted to authorize or not to authorize each expenditure for political activities made by the labor organization during the preceding fiscal year. (b) Restriction on expenditures No labor organization shall make any expenditure for political activities in any fiscal year unless— (1) such expenditure is of the nature of those proposed by the labor organization pursuant to subsection (a); and (2) the full, free, and written authorization for such expenditures has been granted by a majority of the members of the labor organization. (c) Mechanism for obtaining authorization Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Union Member Protection Act , every labor organization shall adopt a mechanism for obtaining, by secret ballot, the authorization of its members as required under subsection (b)(2). (d) Liability The officers of a labor organization who authorize an expenditure without first obtaining the authorization of members required under subsection (b)(2) shall be jointly and severally liable in any action brought in any court of competent jurisdiction to any member of the labor organization or class of members for the amount of dues paid by such member or class of member during the 1-year period prior to the date that such expenditure was made. (e) Definition of expenditure for political activities As used in this section: (1) The term expenditure for political activities means— (A) an independent expenditure, as such term is defined in section 301(17) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 ( 2 U.S.C. 431(17) ); (B) contributions to any political party, committee, or electioneering communication, as such term is defined in section 304(f)(3)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 ( 2 U.S.C. 434(f)(3)(A) )