of Congress. (10) The Government of the People’s Republic of China either directly or indirectly funds Confucius Institutes and Confucius Classrooms operated on campuses of institutions of higher education in the United States and in K–12 public school districts, but similar institutes funded by the Government of the United States are prohibited in the People's Republic of China. (11) In April 2016, the Government of the People's Republic of China enacted legislation stating that foreign nongovernmental organizations operating in the mainland of the People's Republic of China and in special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China would be subjected to supervision by the Government of the People's Republic of China, and, in December 2019, the Government of the People’s Republic of China announced that it would be imposing sanctions on nonprofit organizations based in the United States, including the National Endowment for Democracy, Human Rights Watch, Freedom House, the National Democratic Institute, and the International Republican Institute, even if those organizations do not operate in the mainland of the People's Republic of China or in special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China. (12) When the People's Republic of China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the People's Republic of China promised that it would liberalize economically, but, through state mercantilism, has created a severely imbalanced trading relationship with the United States, requiring forced transfers of intellectual property and imposing joint venture requirements and nontariff barriers. (13) The People’s Republic of China provides massive subsidies for agriculture, fishery, aluminum and steel, and technology manufacturing industries that distort domestic and global competition in favor of Chinese businesses and at the expense of market access for United States companies. These dis­tor­tion­ary policies harm United States companies, workers, and consumers. (14) The People's Republic of China