; (4) review advice provided by designated agency ethics officials, and, when necessary, assist designated agency ethics officials in providing advice, to covered employees regarding compliance with this title; and (5) if the Director determines that a violation of this title may have occurred, the Director shall, in consultation with the designated agency ethics official of the covered agency employing the covered employee alleged to have violated this title and the Counsel to the President, refer the compliance case to the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia for enforcement action. 605. Penalties and injunctions (a) Criminal penalties (1) In general Any person who violates section 602 or 603 shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both. (2) Willful violations Any person who willfully violates section 602 or 603 shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both. (b) Civil enforcement (1) In general The Attorney General may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States against any person who violates, or whom the Attorney General has reason to believe is engaging in conduct that violates, section 602 or 603. (2) Civil penalty (A) In general Upon proof by a preponderance of the evidence that a person violated section 602 or 603, the court shall impose a civil penalty of not more than the greater of— (i) $100,000 for each violation