; and (G) according to the Department of Justice on the investigation of the Ferguson Police Department, revenue collection, not public safety, was the primary impetus behind the collection of fines and fees. (5) There is no clear evidence that fines and fees are an effective crime deterrent. (6) Defendants released from custody with no financial penalty return to court at the same rate as defendants released on financial bond. (7) The burden of fines and fees is disproportionately shouldered by low-income communities and communities of color, which in turn aggravates and perpetuates poverty and racial inequalities. (8) Cities with larger Black populations fine residents more on a per capita basis and are more reliant on fines. A 1-percent increase in a Black population is associated with a 5-percent increase in per capita revenue from fines and a 1-percent increase in share of total revenue from fines. (9) In addition, data on the extent to which individuals are jailed or otherwise penalized because of their inability to pay fee-only offenses are insufficiently developed, preventing a full picture of the pervasiveness of targeted fees, as well as the repetitive impact on individuals from both low-income communities and communities of color. (10) Decisions regarding pretrial release or detention adds financial stress to individuals unable to pay monetary bail and the jails holding those unable to pay. (11) Individuals gave up necessities like rent, food, medical bills, car payments, and child support, in order to pay down their court debt. (12) Thirty-eight percent of people surveyed committed a crime to pay off their court debt. (13) Driver’s licenses are often suspended automatically when cases are transferred to private collectors and are not restored until debts are paid in full. (14) Thirty States continue to require payment of all legal financial obligations before voting rights are restored, effectively disenfranchising individuals because of an inability to pay. (15) Many jurisdictions across the country