; (2) the withholding or withdrawing of nutrition or hydration if— (A) such withholding or withdrawing is not for the purpose of causing, or the purpose of assisting in causing, death, for any reason; and (B) the conditions of paragraph (1) are met; (3) the use of an item, good, benefit, or service furnished for the purpose of alleviating pain or discomfort, even if such use may increase the risk of death, so long as such item, good, benefit, or service is not also furnished for the purpose of causing, or the purpose of assisting in causing, death, for any reason