; (2) the term covered entity means— (A) an employer; or (B) an individual or entity that is not acting as an employer and engages the services of a worker; (3) the term predispute arbitration agreement means any agreement to arbitrate a dispute that had not yet arisen at the time of the making of the agreement; (4) the term postdispute arbitration agreement means any agreement to arbitrate a dispute that arose before the time of the making of the agreement; (5) the term worker means— (A) an employee; or (B) an individual who is engaged by a covered entity to perform services or work as an independent contractor (regardless of the label or classification assigned or used by the covered entity); and (6) the term work dispute — (A) means a dispute between one or more workers (or their authorized representatives) and a covered entity arising out of or related to the work relationship or prospective work relationship between the workers and the covered entity; and (B) includes, but is not limited to— (i) a dispute regarding the terms of, payment for, advertising of, recruitment of, referring of, arranging for, or discipline or discharge in connection with such work; (ii) a dispute arising under any law referred to or described in section 62(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, including any part of such a law not explicitly referenced in such section that relates to protecting individuals on a basis that is protected under a law referred to or described in such section; and (iii) a dispute in which an individual or individuals seek certification— (I) as a class under rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; (II) as a collective action under section 16(b) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ( 29 U.S.C. 216(b) ); or (III) under a comparable rule or provision of State law. 402. Validity and enforceability (a) In general Notwithstanding any other chapter of this title— (1) no predispute arbitration agreement shall be valid or enforceable if it requires arbitration of a work dispute