; (B) any of the series of 15 metallic elements between lanthanum, with atomic number 57, and lutetium, with atomic number 71, on the periodic table; or (C) any of the series of 15 metallic elements between actinium, with atomic number 89, and lawrencium, with atomic number 103, on the periodic table. 4. Rare earth refinery cooperative (a) Establishment Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall coordinate with any relevant Federal agencies to procure the issuance of a Federal charter for a privately funded, privately operated, and privately managed cooperative with respect to rare earth elements, which— (1) shall— (A) be known as the Thorium-Bearing Rare Earth Refinery Cooperative; (B) coordinate the establishment of a fully integrated United States value chain with respect to rare earth elements to serve the national security needs of the United States and the needs of industry in the United States; and (C) produce products that use rare earth elements, including metal powders (such as rare earth oxides and rare earth salts, including chlorides and nitrates), metals containing rare earth elements, alloys, magnets, and other value-added products using rare earth elements, as required by— (i) the owners of, and investors in, the Cooperative; and (ii) the defense industry of the United States; and (2) may— (A) accept domestic and international investment from— (i) commercial or industrial users of products containing rare earth elements, including trade groups or associations formed to act on behalf of the defense industry or other end-users of those products; or (ii) any of the resource suppliers of the Cooperative; (B) accept investment or funding from foreign governments, State agencies, or State-sponsored entities, including universities or research institutions, subject to the approval of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States established under section 721(k) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 ( 50 U.S.C. 4565(k) )