1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Ensuring Understanding of COVID-19 to Protect Public Health Act . 2. Study on the impact of COVID–19 Part A of title IV of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 281 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 404O. Study on the impact of COVID–19 (a) In general The Director of NIH, in consultation with the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall conduct a longitudinal study, over not less than 10 years, on the full impact of COVID–19 on infected individuals, including both short-term and long-term health impacts. (b) Timing The Director of NIH shall begin enrolling patients in the study under this section not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this section. (c) Requirements The study under this section shall— (1) be nationwide; (2) include diversity of enrollees to account for gender, age, race, ethnicity, geography, comorbidities, and underrepresented populations, including pregnant and lactating women; (3) study individuals who were infected with COVID–19 who experienced mild symptoms, such individuals who experienced moderate symptoms, and such individuals who experienced severe symptoms; (4) monitor the health outcomes and symptoms of individuals who were infected with COVID–19, or had prenatal exposure to COVID–19, including lung capacity and function, and immune response, taking into account any pharmaceutical interventions such individuals may have received; (5) monitor the mental health outcomes of individuals infected with COVID–19, taking into account any interventions that affected mental health