; and (iii) evaluate options to expand the authority provided under this section, including to allow for the direct allocation to metropolitan planning organizations of funds made available to carry out clause (i) or (ii) of section 133(d)(1)(A) of title 23, United States Code. (3) Update Not less frequently than every 2 years, the Secretary shall update the report described in paragraph (2). (h) Definitions (1) Direct recipient In this section, the term direct recipient means a metropolitan planning organization designated by the Secretary as high-performing under subsection (b) and that was directly allocated funds as described in subsection (d). (2) Metropolitan planning area The term metropolitan planning area has the meaning given such term in section 134 of title 23, United States Code. (3) Metropolitan planning organization The term metropolitan planning organization has the meaning given such term in section 134 of title 23, United States Code. (4) National Highway System The term National Highway System has the meaning given such term in section 101 of title 23, United States Code. (5) State The term State has the meaning given such term in section 101 of title 23, United States Code. (6) Urbanized area The term urbanized area has the meaning given such term in section 134 of title 23, United States Code. 1306. Gridlock reduction grant program (a) Establishment The Secretary of Transportation shall establish a gridlock reduction program to make grants, on a competitive basis, for projects to reduce, and mitigate the adverse impacts of, traffic congestion. (b) Applications To be eligible for a grant under this section, an applicant shall submit to the Secretary an application in such form, at such time, and containing such information as the Secretary determines appropriate. (c) Eligible Applicants The Secretary may make grants under this section to an applicant that is serving an urbanized area, as designated by the Bureau of the Census, with a population of not less than 1,000,000 and that is— (1) a