; or (2) the head of the agency directs an employee to serve as the chair. . 3. Preventing efforts to circumvent the Federal Advisory Committee Act and public disclosure (a) Subcommittees Section 4 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following: (a) Application The provisions of this Act or of any rule, order, or regulation promulgated under this Act shall apply to each advisory committee, including any subcommittee or subgroup thereof, except to the extent that any Act of Congress establishing any such advisory committee specifically provides otherwise. Any subcommittee or subgroup that reports to a parent committee established under section 9(a) is not required to comply with section 9(f). . (b) Committees created under contract Section 3(2) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended in the matter following subparagraph (C) by adding at the end the following: An advisory committee is considered to be established by an agency, agencies, or the President if it is formed, created, or organized under contract, other transactional authority, cooperative agreement, grant, or otherwise at the request or direction of an agency, agencies, or the President. . (c) Advisory committees containing special government employees Section 4 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.), as amended by subsections (a) and (b) of this section, is further amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (d) Special government employees Committee members appointed as special Government employees shall not be considered full-time or permanent part-time officers or employees of the Federal Government for purposes of determining the applicability of this Act under section 3(2). . 4. Increasing transparency of advisory committees (a) Information requirement Section 11 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended to read as follows: 11. Disclosure of information (a) In general With respect to each advisory