; Whereas Congress joined the people of the United States to pray for the victims and families of the following tragedies at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, on February 14, 2018; Santa Fe High School in Santa Fe, Texas, on May 18, 2018; Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks, California, on November 7, 2018; and Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida, on June 12, 2016; Whereas the people of the United States condemned the horrific, anti-Semitic attack on the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on October 27, 2018, and express support and prayers for all those affected by this tragedy; Whereas the act of prayer is both an expression of religious belief and an act of speech that is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States; Whereas the National Day of Prayer— (1) is consistent with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States; (2) belongs to all people in the United States; and (3) is very much in keeping with the pluralistic spirit of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. No single religious group can claim ownership or control of the National Day of Prayer; rather, it truly belongs to all Americans who seek divine guidance for themselves and for the country , as Representative Mervyn Dymally noted on the day the vehicle that would become Public Law 100–307 passed the House of Representatives; Whereas calling for prayer in times of crisis and thanksgiving creates a sense of unity in the United States, and, as President Ronald Reagan noted in a radio address in 1982, [P]rayer is one of the few things in this world that hurts no one and sustains the spirit of millions.