; (B) the impact a no-fly zone over part or all of Syria would have on the protection of civilians, the prevention of a refugee crisis, the removal of the al-Assad regime, and humanitarian and counterterrorism efforts in Syria and the surrounding region; and (C) the potential for force contributions from other countries to establish a no-fly zone over part or all of Syria; (2) assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, and operational requirements for the establishment of one or more safe zones in Syria for internally displaced persons or for the facilitation of humanitarian assistance, including— (A) the operational and legal requirements for United States and coalition forces to establish one or more safe zones in Syria; (B) the impact one or more safe zones in Syria would have on humanitarian and counterterrorism efforts in Syria and the surrounding region; and (C) the potential for contributions from other countries and vetted non-state actor partners to establish and maintain one or more safe zones in Syria; and (3) assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, and operational requirements of the establishment and maintenance of a no-bombing zone over part or all of Syria, including— (A) the operational and legal requirements for United States and coalition air power to establish a no-bombing zone over part or all of Syria; (B) the impact a no-bombing zone over part or all of Syria would have on humanitarian and counterterrorism efforts in Syria and the surrounding region