; and (4) by adding at the end the following new subsections: (c) No finding or sentence of a court-martial may be held incorrect on the ground of a violation of this section, or the doctrine of apparent unlawful command influence, unless the violation materially prejudices the substantial rights of the accused. (d) (1) A superior convening authority or commanding officer may withhold the authority of a subordinate convening authority or officer to dispose of offenses in individual cases, types of cases, or generally. (2) Except as otherwise authorized by this chapter, a superior convening authority or commanding officer may not limit the discretion of a subordinate convening authority or officer to act with respect to a case for which the subordinate convening authority or officer has authority to dispose of the offenses. . (b) Article 53 a Section 853a(b)(5) of title 10, United States Code (article 53a of the Uniform Code of Military Justice), is amended by striking the President and inserting the President, the Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary concerned. . (c) Table of sections amendment The table of sections at the beginning of subchapter VII of chapter 47 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 837 (article 37 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice) and inserting the following new item: 837. Art. 37. Command influence. . E Member education, training, resilience, and transition 541. Enhancing joint professional military education Section 2154(a)(2)(A) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by striking the Joint Forces Staff College or a and inserting a joint or . 542. Eligibility of additional enlisted members for associate degree programs of the Community College of the Air Force Section 9415(b) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (3) Enlisted members of the armed forces other than the Air Force who are participating in Community College of the Air Force affiliated joint-service training and