; such leadership may result in higher revenues and exports from internationally accepted intellectual property and technology and more global influence over future wireless technology and standards development. . (7) China’s Made in China 2025 initiative is driving support to Chinese companies to increasingly participate in and dominate international standards-setting bodies so that it can restructure the global marketplace and dominate economically strategic industries. (8) Chinese officials have assumed a greater number of leadership roles at the International Telecommunication Union, an intergovernmental public-private partnership under the United Nations that allocates global radio spectrum and satellite orbits and establishes international technical standards for information and communication technologies. (9) Patented technology is used in international standards and a company that owns the patent necessary to comply with international standards (also known as a standards-essential patent) gains global market share, licensing revenues, and a competitive edge in subsequent technology development. As such, the Chinese government, through its Made in China 2025 and Internet Plus initiatives, is seeking to dominate the international standards-setting bodies so as to create an unfair advantage for Chinese companies as the world adopts 5G technologies. (10) General Joseph Dunford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, testified before the House Committee on Appropriations on May 1, 2019, that One of the things that underlines an alliance is the ability to share information, and when we share information with allies and partners we have to have common standards of information assurance. We have to be sure that our secrets are protected, whether it be intelligence or technology transfer. . (11) On May 3, 2019, the Prague 5G Security Conference, which was widely attended by representatives from the European Union, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, including the United States, produced the Prague