; cause of action. Subtitle D—Relation to labor and employment laws Sec. 181. Limitation on violations under specific laws. Sec. 182. Liability for conducting testing at workplace. Sec. 183. Joint employment and independent contracting. Sec. 184. Exclusion of certain notification requirements as a result of the COVID–19 public health emergency. TITLE II—Products Sec. 201. Applicability of the targeted liability protections for pandemic and epidemic products and security countermeasures with respect to COVID–19. TITLE III—General provisions Sec. 301. Severability. 2. Findings and purposes (a) Findings Congress finds the following: (1) The SARS–CoV–2 virus that originated in China and causes the disease COVID–19 has caused untold misery and devastation throughout the world, including in the United States. (2) For months, frontline health care workers and health care facilities have fought the virus with courage and resolve. They did so at first with very little information about how to treat the virus and developed strategies to save lives of the people of the United States in real time. They risked their personal health and wellbeing to protect and treat their patients. (3) Businesses in the United States kicked into action to produce and procure personal protective equipment, such as masks, gloves, face shields, and hand sanitizer, and other necessary medical supplies, such as ventilators, at unprecedented rates. (4) To halt the spread of the disease, State and local governments took drastic measures. They shut down small and large businesses, schools, colleges and universities, religious, philanthropic and other nonprofit institutions, and local government agencies. They ordered people to remain in their homes. (5) This standstill was needed to slow the spread of the virus. But it devastated the economy of the United States. The sum of hundreds of local-level and State-level decisions to close nearly every space in which people might gather brought interstate commerce nearly to a halt. (6) This halt led to the