; and (B) the occurrence of the disease in humans. (2) For purposes of this subsection, the term interested party includes a representative of— (A) a congressionally chartered veterans service organization; (B) an organization that— (i) is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code; (ii) serves veterans or members of the Armed Forces; and (iii) has continuously operated for a period of five years or more preceding the date of the submittal of the written petition under paragraph (1); (C) a collective bargaining agent for civilian employees of the United States Government; (D) a nationally recognized medical association; (E) the National Academies; or (F) a State or political subdivision of a State. (c) Determinations by National Academies (1) If the Secretary receives a determination described in paragraph (2), not later than 180 days after receipt of such determination, the Secretary shall— (A) publish in the Federal Register proposed regulations to add the disease covered by the determination to the list of diseases specified in subsection (a)(2); (B) publish in the Federal Register, and submit to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs of the House of Representatives— (i) the decision of the Secretary not to publish such proposed regulations; and (ii) the basis for such decision, including specific medical science refuting the determination; or (C) publish in the Federal Register a decision that insufficient evidence exists to take action under subparagraph (A) or (B). (2) A determination described in this paragraph— (A) is a determination by the National Academies that there is a positive association between— (i) the exposure humans to one or more covered toxins, including emissions from open burn pits; and (ii) the occurrence of the disease in humans; and (B) may be made pursuant to— (i) a request from the Secretary under subsection (b)