; Whereas there has also been a significant amount of other anti-Israel and anti-Semitic hatred in the United States and around the world that must be most strongly condemned; Whereas the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, of which the United States is a member, adopted a working definition of anti-Semitism as a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of anti-Semitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities ; and Whereas contemporary examples of anti-Semitism in public life, the media, schools, the workplace, and in the religious sphere include denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination: Now, therefore, be it