; and (7) make investigations and inquiries and administer to or take from any person an oath, affirmation, or affidavit concerning any matter relating to the enforcement of this chapter. (b) Review of agency action Any applicant or licensee that makes a timely request for review of an adverse action pursuant to paragraph (1), (3), (5), or (6) of subsection (a) shall be entitled to adjudication by the Secretary on the record after an opportunity for any agency hearing with respect to such adverse action. Any final action by the Secretary under this subsection shall be subject to judicial review under chapter 7 of title 5. 60124. Authorization to conduct nongovernmental Earth observation activities (a) Requirement No person may conduct any nongovernmental Earth observation activity without an authorization issued under this subchapter. (b) Waivers (1) In general The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Director of National Intelligence, and the head of such other Federal agency as the Secretary considers appropriate, may waive a requirement under this subchapter for a nongovernmental Earth observation activity, or for a type or class of nongovernmental Earth observation activities, if the Secretary decides that granting a waiver is consistent with section 60121. (2) Standards Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of the Space Frontier Act of 2019 , the Secretary shall establish standards, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the head of such other Federal agency as the Secretary considers appropriate, for determining de minimis Earth observation activities that would be eligible for a waiver under paragraph (1). (c) Coverage of authorization The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, require a single authorization for a person— (1) to conduct multiple Earth observation activities using a single space object; (2) to operate multiple space objects carrying out substantially similar Earth observation activities