1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Supporting Graduate Medical Education at Community Hospitals Act of 2019 . 2. Findings Congress makes the following findings: (1) Graduate Medical Education or GME training programs are of critical importance in developing the physician workforce. (2) Current caps on GME training programs under Medicare have been in place since 1997. (3) Hospitals seeking to launch GME training programs face barriers in establishing physician training programs in community hospitals. 3. Medicare GME treatment of hospitals establishing new medical residency training programs after hosting medical resident rotators for short durations (a) Redetermination of approved FTE resident amount Section 1886(h)(2)(F) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395ww(h)(2)(F) ) is amended— (1) by inserting (i) before In the case of ; and (2) by adding at the end the following: (ii) In applying this subparagraph to a hospital that has not entered into a GME affiliation agreement (as defined by the Secretary for purposes of paragraph (4)(H)(ii)), the Secretary shall not provide for the establishment of an FTE resident amount until such time as the Secretary determines that the hospital has a medical residency training program that trains more than 1.0 full-time-equivalent resident in a cost reporting period. (iii) In the case of a hospital with an approved FTE resident amount— (I) based on the training of less than 1.0 full-time-equivalent resident before October 1, 1997; (II) based on the training of— (aa) no more than 6.0 full-time-equivalent residents in a medical residency training program in any cost reporting period during the period between October 1, 1996, and September 30, 1997; and (bb) no more than 3.0 full-time-equivalent residents on or after October 1, 1997