; (C) to sustain United States and multilateral efforts to reduce the risk of conflict on the Korean Peninsula; and (D) to continue to exert economic pressure against North Korea in cooperation with the United Nations and the international community; (8) should diplomacy and deterrence fail to result in the denuclearization of North Korea, to reserve the right to utilize all available options pursuant to the United States Constitution to protect and defend United States national security interests and meet United States treaty obligations; and (9) to uphold the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and not recognize North Korea as a legitimate nuclear weapons state. (b) Diplomacy It is the policy of the United States— (1) to pursue diplomatic engagement with the Government of North Korea for the purposes of— (A) advancing meaningful negotiations regarding denuclearization, including the Government of North Korea abandoning and dismantling its missile and nuclear weapons programs, ceasing its proliferation activities, and coming into compliance with international agreements and United Nations Security Council resolutions; (B) reducing the risks of military miscalculation; and (C) creating opportunities for the development of confidence-building measures; (2) to formulate and carry out policy affecting the Korean Peninsula in close cooperation with United States allies, particularly South Korea; (3) to encourage those countries that maintain diplomatic relations with North Korea to take all necessary steps to ensure that North Korean diplomatic missions are not used for any activities inconsistent with the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, international law governing the operation of diplomatic missions, United States and United Nations sanctions, and accepted norms of behavior for diplomats and diplomatic missions; (4) to encourage all countries to fully implement and enforce United Nations sanctions commitments with respect to North Korea, including ending the practice of hosting overseas North Korean workers