stigma, undermining both the global AIDS response and human rights. In 2013, the Supreme Court held that this requirement is unconstitutional as it applies to United States nongovernmental organizations and their foreign affiliates. (10) According to the Trans Murder Monitoring Project, which monitors homicides of transgender individuals, there were at least 369 cases of reported killings of transgender and gender-diverse people between October 2017 and September 2018, which represents an increase compared to previous years. (11) In many countries, intersex individuals experience prejudice and discrimination because their bodies do not conform to general expectations about sex and gender. Because of these expectations, medically unnecessary interventions are often performed in infancy without the consent or approval of intersex individuals and in violation of international human rights standards. (12) Asylum and refugee protection are critical last-resort protections for LGBTI individuals, but those who seek such protections face ostracization and abuse in refugee camps and detention facilities. They are frequently targeted for violence, including sexual assault, in refugee camps and in immigration detention. LGBTI individuals may be segregated against their will for long periods in solitary confinement, in an effort to protect them from such violence, but prolonged solitary confinement itself represents an additional form of abuse that is profoundly damaging to the social and psychological well-being of any individual. (13) In December 2011, President Barack Obama directed all Federal foreign affairs agencies to ensure that their diplomatic, humanitarian, health and foreign assistance programs take into account the needs of marginalized LGBTI communities and persons. (14) In 2015, the Department of State established the position of Special Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTI Persons. (15) The use of United States diplomatic tools, including the Department of State’s exchange and speaker programs, to address the