; and (ii) an intermediate stage that— (I) commences immediately after the expiration of the learner’s permit stage; (II) is at least 180 days in duration; and (III) for the first 180 days of the intermediate stage, restricts the driver from— (aa) driving at night between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and at least 4:00 a.m. except— (AA) when a parent, guardian, driving instructor, or licensed driver who is at least 21 years of age is in the motor vehicle; and (BB) when driving to and from work, school and school-related activities, religious activities, for emergencies, or as a member of voluntary emergency service; and (bb) operating a motor vehicle with more than 1 nonfamilial passenger younger than 18 years of age, except when a parent, guardian, driving instructor, or licensed driver who is at least 21 years of age is in the motor vehicle. (B) Tier 2 state A State shall be eligible for a grant under this subsection as a Tier 2 State if such State requires novice drivers younger than 18 years of age to comply with a 2-stage graduated driver licensing process before receiving an unrestricted driver’s license that includes— (i) a learner’s permit stage that— (I) is at least 180 days in duration; (II) requires that the driver be accompanied and supervised at all times; and (III) has a requirement that the driver obtain at least 50 hours of behind-the-wheel training, with at least 10 hours at night, with a supervisor; and (ii) an intermediate stage that— (I) commences immediately after the expiration of the learner’s permit stage; (II) is at least 180 days in duration; and (III) for the first 180 days of the intermediate stage, restricts the driver from— (aa) driving at night between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and at least 4:00 a.m. except— (AA) when a parent, guardian, driving instructor, or licensed driver who is at least 21 years of age is in the motor vehicle