1. Short title This Act may be cited as the ARPA–Terra Act of 2019 . 2. Advanced Research Projects Agency–Terra (a) In general Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 ( 7 U.S.C. 6911 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 224B. Advanced Research Projects Agency–Terra (a) Definitions In this section: (1) ARPA–Terra The term ARPA–Terra means the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Terra established by subsection (b). (2) Director The term Director means the Director of ARPA–Terra appointed under subsection (d). (3) Fund The term Fund means the Agriculture Transformation Acceleration Fund established under subsection (l)(1). (b) Establishment There is established the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Terra in the Department— (1) to overcome the long-term and high-risk technological barriers in the development of agricultural technologies that enhance export competitiveness, environmental sustainability, and resilience to extreme weather and infectious disease; and (2) to ensure that the United States maintains a technological lead in developing and deploying advanced agricultural technologies that increase economic opportunities for farmers, ranchers, and rural communities. (c) Means To achieve the goals described in subsection (b), ARPA–Terra shall carry out agriculture technology projects that— (1) identify and promote revolutionary advances in fundamental sciences; (2) translate scientific discoveries and cutting-edge inventions into technological innovations