; (D) to carry out the reporting requirements described in subsection (f); and (E) to carry out activities to improve the supply and qualify of child care during and after the COVID–19 public health emergency, such as conducting community needs assessments, carrying out child care cost modeling, making improvements to child care facilities, increasing access to licensure or participation in the State's tiered quality rating system, and carrying out other activities described in section 658G(b) of the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 ( 42 U.S.C. 9858e(b) ), to the extent that the lead agency can carry out activities described in this subparagraph without preventing the lead agency from fully conducting the activities described in subparagraphs (A) through (D). (2) Subgrants to qualified child care providers (A) In general The lead agency shall use the remainder of the grant funds awarded pursuant to subsection (b) to make subgrants to qualified child care providers described in subparagraph (B), to support the stability of the child care sector during and after the COVID–19 public health emergency. The lead agency shall provide the subgrant funds in advance of provider expenditures for costs described in subsection (e), except as provided in subsection (e)(2). (B) Qualified child care provider To be qualified to receive a subgrant under this paragraph, a provider shall be an eligible child care provider that— (i) was providing child care services on or before March 1, 2020; and (ii) on the date of submission of an application for the subgrant, was either— (I) open and available to provide child care services