1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Advancing Medical Resident Training in Community Hospitals Act of 2019 . 2. Medicare GME treatment of hospitals establishing new medical residency training programs after hosting medical resident rotators for short durations (a) Redetermination of approved FTE resident amount Section 1886(h)(2)(F) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395ww(h)(2)(F) ) is amended— (1) by inserting (i) before In the case of ; and (2) by adding at the end the following: (ii) In applying this subparagraph in the case of a hospital that, on or after the date of the enactment of this clause, begins to train residents and has not entered into a GME affiliation agreement (as defined by the Secretary for purposes of paragraph (4)(H)(ii)), the Secretary shall not establish an FTE resident amount until such time as the Secretary determines that the hospital has trained at least 1.0 full-time-equivalent resident in an approved medical residency training program in a cost reporting period. (iii) In applying this subparagraph for cost reporting periods beginning on or after the date of enactment of this clause, in the case of a hospital that, as of such date of enactment, has an approved FTE resident amount based on the training in an approved medical residency program of— (I) less than 1.0 full-time-equivalent resident in any cost reporting period beginning before October 1, 1997, as determined by the Secretary