; rape of women and girls; and arbitrary arrest and detention of Rohingya men without charge. (10) The Government of Burma continues to block access to northern Rakhine State by United Nations and other humanitarian organizations, preventing hundreds of thousands of vulnerable Rohingya, Rakhine, and other ethnic groups, including children with acute malnutrition, from receiving humanitarian aid. (11) The people of Burma continue to suffer from ongoing armed conflict between the military of Burma, known as the Tatmadaw, the Arakan Army, and nearly 20 armed ethnic organizations. (12) Corruption and lack of transparency allow Burma’s military junta to use the trade of Burma’s natural resources, in particular jade and rubies, to enrich notorious leaders, including former dictator Than Shwe and United States-sanctioned drug lord Hsueh Kang Wei. Vested interests in jade and rubies undermine prospects for resolving the most intractable armed conflict in Burma. (13) Any prospects for a full democracy in Burma are contingent on ending the civil wars and finding a path toward national reconciliation that builds respect for the dignity of Burma’s ethnic and religious minorities. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Appropriate congressional committees The term appropriate congressional committees means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives. (2) Crimes against humanity The term crimes against humanity includes, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack— (A) murder; (B) deportation or forcible transfer of population; (C) torture; (D) rape, sexual slavery, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable severity