; or (vi) during the period beginning on June 9, 2019, and ending on June 30, 2020, was formally charged, detained, or convicted for his or her participation in such protests. (2) Exclusion An alien described in this paragraph does not include any alien who is a citizen of a country other than the People's Republic of China. 4. Refugee and asylum determinations under the Immigration and Nationality Act (a) Persecution on account of political opinion (1) In general For purposes of refugee determinations under this Act in accordance with section 207 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1157 ), an individual whose citizenship, nationality, or residency is revoked for having submitted to any United States Government agency a nonfrivolous application for refugee status, asylum, or any other immigration benefit under the immigration laws (as defined in section 101(a) of that Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1101(a) ) shall be considered to have suffered persecution on account of political opinion. (2) Nationals of the People's Republic of China For purposes of refugee determinations under this Act in accordance with section 207 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1157 ), a national of the People's Republic of China whose residency in the Hong Kong Special Administrative region, or any other area within the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, as determined by the Secretary of State, is revoked for having submitted to any United States Government agency a nonfrivolous application for refugee status, asylum, or any other immigration benefit under the immigration laws shall be considered to have suffered persecution on account of political opinion. (b) Changed circumstances For purposes of asylum determinations under this Act in accordance with section 208 of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1158 ), the revocation of the citizenship, nationality, or residency of an individual for having submitted to any United States Government agency a nonfrivolous application for refugee status, asylum,