; (3) improves access to nature for all people, with an emphasis on increasing access for communities of color and low-income communities; (4) provides ecological and geographic representation, taking into account that some Fishery Management Councils have taken action to ban the use of all bottom-tending fishing gear and all fishing gear with bycatch rates that adversely affect marine wildlife populations; (5) conserves, protects, and restores biodiversity; (6) protects ecosystems and the services of ecosystems, restores degraded ecosystems, and maintains ecological functions; (7) enhances climate mitigation, adaptation, and resilience, including by protecting ecosystems, species and genetic diversity; (8) supports sustainable economic opportunity for people who depend on the ocean for their livelihoods by making the ocean more resilient to climate change and enhancing ecosystem functioning; (9) evaluates the negative and positive economic impacts of such policies and considers ways to mitigate such negative impacts; (10) considers local and regional input in the design and implementation of protected areas, including input from stakeholders, and considers the cultural values, including seafaring and maritime heritage values, of the United States