; and (F) effects on human population, including population displacement and adverse health effects such as the spread of infectious diseases and climate-related conditions such as asthma. (8) Scientists project that under a midrange estimate of global warming, by 2050, roughly 25 percent of animal and plant species will be committed to extinction. (9) After remaining steady from 2014 to 2016, global carbon dioxide emissions increased 1.6 percent in 2017. (10) Decisive action is needed to minimize the many dangers posed by global warming. (11) The timing of such action is critical, given that greenhouse gases can persist in the atmosphere for more than a century. (12) With less than 5 percent of the world population, the United States emits approximately 15 percent of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions and must be a leader in addressing global warming. (13) The State of California, the 5th largest economy in the world, has shown that renewable energy standards and greenhouse gas emissions regulation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while fostering significant economic growth. (14) Existing energy efficiency and clean, renewable energy technologies can reduce global warming pollution, while saving consumers money, reducing our dependence on oil, enhancing national security, cleaning the air, and protecting pristine places from drilling and mining. (b) Sense of Congress It is the sense of the Congress that the United States should participate in negotiations under the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and honor its commitments therefrom with the objective of securing and continuing United States participation in agreements, including the Paris Agreement that the United States accepted on September 3, 2016, and took effect on November 4, 2016, that— (1) establish mitigation commitments by all countries that are major emitters of greenhouse gases, consistent with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities