; and (ii) appropriate pre-surgical and post-surgical veterinary medical and nursing care for animals in such research. Such guidelines shall not be construed to prescribe methods of research. (C) The organization and operation of animal care committees in accordance with subsection (b). (b) Animal care committees (1) In general The guidelines under subsection (a)(5)(C) shall require animal care committees at each entity which conducts biomedical and behavioral research with funds provided under this Act (including the National Institutes of Health and the national research institutes) to assure compliance with the guidelines established under subsection (a)(5). (2) Appointment of members Each animal care committee shall— (A) be appointed by the chief executive officer of the entity for which the committee is established; (B) be composed of not fewer than three members; and (C) include at least one individual who has no association with such entity and at least one doctor of veterinary medicine. (3) Requirements Each animal care committee of a research entity shall— (A) review the care and treatment of animals in all animal study areas and facilities of the research entity at least semiannually to evaluate compliance with applicable guidelines established under subsection (a)(5) for appropriate animal care and treatment; (B) keep appropriate records of reviews conducted under subparagraph (A); and (C) for each review conducted under subparagraph (A), file with the Director of NIH at least annually— (i) a certification that the review has been conducted