; or (5) a derailment or a major equipment failure that prevents the train from advancing. (b) Civil penalty The Secretary of Transportation may issue civil penalties for violations of subsection (a) in accordance with section 21301. (c) Delegation The Secretary may delegate enforcement actions under subsection (b) to States either through a State inspector certified by the Federal Railroad Administration, or other law enforcement officials as designated by the States and approved by the Administration. The Secretary shall issue guidance or regulations not later than 1 year after the date of enactment on the criteria and process for States to gain approval under this section. (d) Application to Amtrak and commuter railroads This section shall not apply to Amtrak or commuter authorities, including Amtrak and commuter authorities’ operations run or dispatched by a Class I railroad. (e) Definitions In this section: (1) Crossing The term crossing means a location within a State in which a public highway, road, or street, including associated sidewalks and pathways, crosses 1 or more railroad tracks either at grade or grade-separated. (2) Blocked crossing The term blocked crossing means a circumstance in which a train, locomotive, railroad car, or other rail equipment is stopped or is standing in a manner that obstructs public travel at a crossing. . (b) Clerical amendment The analysis for subchapter II of chapter 201 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following new item: 20173. Time limit for blocking a rail crossing. . 9554. National strategy to address blocked crossings (a) In general Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and make publicly available on the website of the Department of Transportation, a report containing a national strategy to