establishing that, The scale effect of legalized prostitution leads to an expansion of the prostitution market, increasing human trafficking … . On average, countries where prostitution is legal experience larger reported human trafficking inflows. . (7) In 2005, a study focused on 11 European Union countries requested by the European Parliament’s committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality and performed by Transcrime found that stricter prostitution laws are correlated with fewer human trafficking victims. (8) Case studies published by researchers Niklas Jakobsson and Andreas Kotsadam support the possibility of a causal link between harsher prostitution laws and reduced human trafficking. Ja­kobs­son and Kotsadam found that trafficking of persons for commercial sexual exploitation is least prevalent in countries where prostitution is illegal and most prevalent in countries where prostitution is legalized. (9) Further data has demonstrated the correlation between the adoption of legislation that criminalizes demand and reductions in sex trafficking. 3. Amendment relating to determinations with respect to efforts of foreign countries to reduce demand for commercial sex acts under the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking (a) In general Paragraph (12) of section 108(b) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 ( 22 U.S.C. 7106(b) ) is amended to read as follows: (12) Whether the government of the country has made serious and sustained efforts to— (A) prohibit the purchase of commercial sex acts to the extent such prohibition is within the authority of the central government or implement a policy against the purchase of commercial sex acts to the extent that prohibition is not within the authority of the central government