; (2) the circumstances under which an individual may file a civil action or proceeding pursuant to this section; and (3) time limits that can bar recovery under this section. . (c) Accountability of physicians of the Department Section 7461 of such title is amended— (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following new sentence: “The Under Secretary shall bring such charges based on professional conduct or competence against a section 7401(1) employee who is the defendant employee of at least three separate civil actions or proceedings pursuant to section 7316 of this title that, within a five-year period— (1) resulted in a judgment against the United States; or (2) were compromised or settled by the United States. ; and (2) in subsection (c)(3), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: (C) The provision of care subject to a civil action or proceeding pursuant to section 7316 of this title that— (i) resulted in a judgment against the United States; or (ii) is compromised or settled by the United States. . (d) Applicability The amendments made by this section shall take effect with respect to actions or omissions covered under section 7316 of title 38, United States Code, occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.