; and (ii) non-lethal force training and certification on at least one non-lethal force instrument, including tasers. (E) Policies necessary to ensure the agent or officer and the community is safe when intervening in situations in rural and remote locations. (3) Vulnerable populations, including instruction on screening, identifying, and responding to vulnerable populations, such as children, victims of human trafficking, and the acutely ill. (4) Cultural and societal issues, including the following: (A) Understanding of the diversity of immigrant communities. (B) Language and basic cultural awareness of major migrant-sending countries. (C) Natural resource protection and environmental policies along the border. (D) Privacy considerations regarding border-related technologies. (E) History and ethics of asylum law. (5) Standards of professional conduct, including the following: (A) Lawful use of force. (B) Complying with chain of command and lawful orders. (C) Conduct and ethical behavior toward the public in a civil and professional manner. (D) Respect for civil rights and protection of the well-being of individuals. (E) Non-racially biased questioning. (F) De-escalation tactics and alternatives to use of force. (c) Supervisor training In addition to the training and continuing education required under subsections (a) and (b), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish policies and guidelines governing the continuing education of agents and officers of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement who attain a supervisory or management position. Such training and continuing education shall include the following: (1) Instruction relating to management and leadership best practices. (2) Refresher instruction or in-service training relating to legal application of use of force policies and guidelines, intervention, community relations, and professional conduct. (3) Mitigation training to identify, diagnose, and address issues within such supervisory and management roles.