; (B) police brutality, racial profiling, and criminalization, as well as heightened police activity and surveillance in some areas with higher police-reported crime, whether as a result of community violence or of racial profiling; (C) poverty and other systemic inequities, including lack of health care, housing instability, poor housing conditions, hunger and food instability and the accompanying malnutrition, and environmental injustice resulting from generations of racist policies, historic redlining, lending discrimination, and workplace discrimination; (D) gender-based violence, including sexual harassment and assault and discriminatory school discipline policies, especially for Black girls and girls of color; (E) western colonization and systemic divestment in native communities; (F) family separation policies, including zero-tolerance immigration enforcement policies that have resulted in the deportation or the threat of deportation for countless immigrant families and have led to community mistrust and fear of reporting injustices; and (G) war and military presence, including the increased militarization of local, State, and Federal law enforcement agencies; and (6) the COVID–19 global health pandemic has increased and exacerbated the trauma inflicted on young people, specifically young people who— (A) live in communities with higher rates of infection and mortality; (B) have parents who are essential workers or first responders; (C) have parents who have lost their sources of income; (D) have witnessed death; (E) have had their education interrupted; (F) are living without access to green space and space for physical exercise; (G) have become housing insecure and lack access to nutritious food