; 50 U.S.C. 1541 note) do not serve as a specific statutory authorization for war against Iran, and neither authorize any such action. The Trump Administration has acknowledged that neither act is specific statutory authorization for military action against Iran. (3) President Donald J. Trump understands that Congress has not authorized war with Iran and has stated that he has the authority to initiate such military action without first going to Congress, as reported in The Hill on June 24, 2019. (4) The conflict between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran constitutes, within the meaning of section 4(a) of the War Powers Resolution ( 50 U.S.C. 1543(a) ), either hostilities or a situation where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances into which United States Armed Forces have been introduced. (5) Section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution ( 50 U.S.C. 1544(c) ) states that at any time that United States Armed Forces are engaged in hostilities outside the territory of the United States, its possessions and territories without a declaration of war or specific statutory authorization, such forces shall be removed by the President if the Congress so directs . (6) Section 8(c) of the War Powers Resolution ( 50 U.S.C. 1547(c) ) defines the introduction of the United States Armed Forces to include the assignment of members of such armed forces to command, coordinate, participate in the movement of, or accompany the regular or irregular forces of any foreign country or government when such military forces are engaged, or there exists an imminent threat that such forces will become engaged in, hostilities . (7) The United States Armed Forces have been introduced into hostilities, as defined by the War Powers Resolution, against Iran. (8) Department of Defense officials have been warning for more than a year that the Trump Administration maximum pressure campaign against Iran, which has included economic, diplomatic and military pressure, is raising the risk of retaliation