; and (B) to provide actionable geographic information to the recipient of a watch or warning for a flash flood. (2) Requirements regarding recommendations In conducting the assessment required by subsection (a)(1)(A), the Under Secretary shall ensure that any recommendation under subsection (a)(2)(B) that the Under Secretary considers a major change— (A) is validated by social and behavioral science using a generalizable sample; (B) accounts for the needs of various demographics, vulnerable populations, and geographic regions; (C) responds to the needs of Federal, State, local, and Tribal government partners and media partners; and (D) accounts for necessary changes to federally operated watch and warning propagation and dissemination infrastructure and protocols. (c) Definitions In this section: (1) Watch; warning (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the terms watch and warning , with respect to a hazardous flash flood event, mean products issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, intended for use by the general public— (i) to alert the general public to the potential for or presence of the event; and (ii) to inform action to prevent loss of life and property. (B) Exclusion The terms watch and warning do not include technical or specialized meteorological and hydrological forecasts, outlooks, or model guidance products. (2) Weather enterprise The term weather enterprise has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 ( 15 U.S.C. 8501 ). 7. Freshwater monitoring along the coast (a) Data availability assessment The Under Secretary shall assess the availability of short- and long-term data on large-scale freshwater flooding into oceans, bays, and estuaries, including data on— (1) flow rate, including discharge; (2) conductivity; (3) oxygen concentration; (4) nutrient load; (5) water temperature