; and (2) is authorized by a valid permit issued under appendix I or II of CITES, in any case in which such a permit is required under CITES. 6. Penalties and enforcement (a) Criminal penalties A person that violates section 5 shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both. (b) Civil penalties (1) Amount A person that violates section 5 may be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $25,000 for each violation. (2) Manner of assessment and collection A civil penalty under this subsection shall be assessed, and may be collected, in the manner in which a civil penalty under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) may be assessed and collected under section 11(a) of that Act ( 16 U.S.C. 1540(a) ). (c) Seizure and forfeiture Any bear viscera or any product, item, or substance exported, imported, sold, bartered, attempted to be exported, imported, sold, or bartered, offered for sale or barter, purchased, possessed, transported, delivered, or received in violation of this section (including any regulation issued under this section) shall be seized and forfeited to the United States. (d) Regulations After consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the United States Trade Representative, the Secretary shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this section. (e) Enforcement The Secretary, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall enforce this section in the manner in which the Secretaries carry out enforcement activities under section 11(e) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( 16 U.S.C. 1540(e) ). (f) Use of penalty amounts Amounts received as penalties, fines, or forfeiture of property under this section shall be used in accordance with section 6(d) of the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981 ( 16 U.S.C. 3375(d) ). 7. Discussions concerning bear conservation and the bear parts trade The Secretary shall continue discussions concerning trade in bear