; and (6) Congress should take further action to ensure that arms transfers— (A) are not used to commit or facilitate violations of internationally recognized human rights or violations of international humanitarian law in conflict zones; and (B) are provided only to countries that are demonstrably improving their efforts to protect the human rights and freedoms of their citizens and to promote participation and accountability in governance. 3. Human rights certification requirements for arms sales (a) Certification requirement Section 36 of the Arms Export Control Act ( 22 U.S.C. 2776 ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (j) (1) Any certification relating to a proposed sale or export under this section of defense articles or defense services designated under Category III, IV, VII, or VIII on the United States Munitions List pursuant to section 38(a)(1) to a foreign country shall include a certification by the Secretary of State that— (A) during the fiscal year in which assistance is to be furnished or military equipment or technology is to be sold or transferred, the defense articles or defense services will not be used in hostilities in which the United States has credible information, including from credible nongovernmental investigations, that war crimes, crimes against humanity, gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, or atrocities have been committed by the government of the recipient country; (B) during the current fiscal year in which assistance is to be furnished or military equipment or technology is to be sold or transferred, and during the preceding three fiscal years, the government of the foreign country— (i) has not ordered or directed ethnic cleansing of civilians; (ii) has not recruited and used child soldiers; (iii) has not tortured, falsely imprisoned, or engaged in the targeted killing of political opponents, human rights defenders, or journalists; (iv) has not operated or had effective control or direction over secret detention facilities