; and (2) if the large platform utility maintains or operates a digital asset described under subsection (b)(1) on the date of enactment of this Act, subsection (b) shall not apply to such large platform utility until the end of the 1-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act. (d) Penalty Any large platform utility or financial institution that violates subsection (a) or (b) shall be subject to a fine of not more than $1,000,000 per each day of such violation, in an action brought by the appropriate Federal financial regulator. (e) Rulemaking The appropriate Federal financial regulators may issue rules to carry out this section. (f) Definitions In this section: (1) Affiliate The term affiliate has the meaning given that term under section 2 of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. (2) Alternative trading system The term alternative trading system has the meaning given that term under section 242.300 of title 17, Code of Federal Regulations. (3) Appropriate Federal financial regulator The term appropriate Federal financial regulator means— (A) the appropriate Federal banking agency; (B) the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, in the case of a commodity pool operator, commodity trading advisor, and a futures commission merchant; (C) the National Credit Union Administration Board, in the case of a credit union; (D) the Securities and Exchange Commission, in the case of an alternative trading system, a broker, a dealer, an investment adviser, an investment company, a national securities exchange, and a private fund