1. Short title This Act may be cited as the New START Treaty Improvement Act of 2019 . 2. Findings Congress makes the following findings: (1) The United States and the Russian Federation signed the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (the New START Treaty ) on April 8, 2010. (2) The United States Senate advised and consented to the the treaty on December 22, 2010, by a vote of 71–26. (3) The Senate resolution advising and consenting to the ratification of the New START Treaty states that prior to the entry into force of the New START Treaty, the President shall certify to the Senate that … the United States will seek to initiate … not later than one year after the entry into force of the New START Treaty, negotiations with the Russian Federation on an agreement to address the disparity between the non-strategic (tactical) nuclear weapons stockpiles of the Russian Federation and of the United States . (4) The New START Treaty is due to expire in February 2021. (5) The 2018 Nuclear Posture Review states— (A) While the United States has continued to reduce the number and salience of nuclear weapons, others, including Russia and China, have moved in the opposite direction. Russia has expanded and improved its strategic and non-strategic nuclear forces. China’s military modernization has resulted in an expanded nuclear force, with little to no transparency into its intentions. ; (B) Russia is developing and deploying new nuclear warheads and launchers. These efforts include multiple upgrades for every leg of the Russian nuclear triad of strategic bombers, sea-based missiles, and land-based missiles. Russia is also developing at least two new intercontinental range systems, a hypersonic glide vehicle, and a new intercontinental, nuclear-armed, nuclear-powered, undersea autonomous torpedo. ; (C) [Russia] is also building a large, diverse, and modern set of non-strategic systems that are dual-capable … These theater- and tactical-range systems are not accountable under the New START Treaty