; Whereas, on July 7, 2020, the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic released a report documenting war crimes by the Russian Federation, the Assad regime, and Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham, between November 2019 and June 2020; Whereas the Commission Chair, Paulo Pinheiro, said upon release of the report, It is completely abhorrent that, after more than 9 years, civilians continue to be indiscriminately attacked, or even targeted, while going about their daily lives , continuing, Children were shelled at school, parents were shelled at the market, patients were shelled at the hospital … and entire families were bombarded even while fleeing , and going on to say, What is clear from the military campaign is that pro-government forces and UN-designated terrorists flagrantly violated the laws of war and the rights of Syrian civilians ; Whereas the United States and Europe stand in strong opposition to the targeting of civilians and civilian infrastructure as well as medical institutions; Whereas, in July 2020, the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China vetoed a resolution supported by the United States and all other members of the United Nations Security Council to renew the authorization of humanitarian access at two border crossings between Turkey and Syria, and forced the Security Council to diminish access to only one such crossing; Whereas the Syrian refugee crisis has placed tremendous strain on Syria’s neighbors, as well as on many countries in Europe; Whereas it is in the interests of the United States and Europe to support unfettered humanitarian access to Idlib and to support humanitarian efforts within Syria; and Whereas it is in the United States interest that the ceasefire hold, and the United States continue its efforts to work with NATO allies to ensure that it is extended: Now, therefore, be it