warfare operations are a threat to the national security of the United States and that of the allies and partners of the United States. As Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats stated, These actions are persistent, they are pervasive and they are meant to undermine America’s democracy. . (4) These information warfare operations continue to evolve and increase in sophistication. (5) Other foreign adversaries and hostile non-state actors will increasingly adopt similar tactics of deploying information warfare operations against the West. (6) Technological advances, including artificial intelligence, will only make it more difficult in the future to detect fraudulent accounts, deceptive material posted on social media, and malign behavior on social media platforms. (7) Because these information warfare operations are deployed within and across private social media platforms, the companies that own these platforms have a responsibility to detect and remove foreign adversary networks operating clandestinely on their platforms. (8) The social media companies are inherently technologically sophisticated and adept at rapidly analyzing large amounts of data and developing software-based solutions to diverse and ever-changing challenges on their platforms, which makes them well-equipped to address the threat occurring on their platforms. (9) Independent analyses confirmed Kremlin-linked threat networks, based on data provided by several social media companies to the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, thereby demonstrating that it is possible to discern both broad patterns of cross-platform information warfare operations and specific fraudulent behavior on social media platforms. (10) General Paul Nakasone, Director of the National Security Agency, emphasized the importance of these independent analyses to the planning and conduct of military cyber operations to frustrate Kremlin-linked information warfare operations against the 2018 mid-term elections. General Nakasone stated that the reports were very,