; in 2017, Latinos and Hispanics made up 18 percent of the United States population and 26 percent of new infections. (6) Though the rate of new infections among American Indians and Alaska Natives (referred to in this section as AI/AN ) is proportional to their population size, from 2010 to 2016, the annual number of HIV diagnoses increased 46 percent among AI/AN overall and 81 percent among AI/AN gay and bisexual men. (7) Asian Americans account for about 2 percent of new HIV infections, but in 2013, 22 percent were undiagnosed, the highest rate of undiagnosed HIV among any race or ethnicity. Between 2010 and 2016, the number of Asians receiving an HIV diagnosis increased by 42 percent. (8) The latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that new infections among women declined 21 percent between 2010 and 2016. (9) The history of HIV shows that culturally relevant and gender-responsive supportive services, including psychosocial support, treatment literacy, case management, and transportation are necessary strategies to reach and engage women and girls in medical care. (10) Among the 3 million HIV testing events reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2017, the percentage of transgender people who received a new HIV diagnosis was 3 times the national average. A 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis found that an estimated 14 percent of transgender women have HIV. By race/ethnicity, an estimated 44 percent of Black/African-American transgender women, 26 percent of Hispanic/Latina transgender women, and 7 percent of White transgender women have HIV. The limited data available on transgender individuals point to a disproportionate burden of HIV infection. (11) Stigma and discrimination contribute to such disparities. (12) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has determined that increasing the proportion of people who know their HIV status is an essential component of comprehensive HIV treatment and prevention efforts and that early diagnosis is