; and (D) any other relief, including equitable or declaratory relief, that the court determines appropriate. (3) Injury in fact A violation of this Act or a regulation promulgated under this Act with respect to the covered data of an individual constitutes a concrete and particularized injury in fact to that individual. (d) Invalidity of pre-Dispute arbitration agreements and pre-Dispute joint action waivers (1) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no pre-dispute arbitration agreement or pre-dispute joint action waiver shall be valid or enforceable with respect to a privacy or data security dispute arising under this Act. (2) Applicability Any determination as to whether or how this subsection applies to any privacy or data security dispute shall be made by a court, rather than an arbitrator, without regard to whether such agreement purports to delegate such determination to an arbitrator. (3) Definitions For purposes of this subsection: (A) The term pre-dispute arbitration agreement means any agreement to arbitrate a dispute that has not arisen at the time of the making of the agreement. (B) The term pre-dispute joint-action waiver means an agreement, whether or not part of a pre-dispute arbitration agreement, that would prohibit, or waive the right of, one of the parties to the agreement to participate in a joint, class, or collective action in a judicial, arbitral, administrative, or other forum, concerning a dispute that has not yet arisen at the time of the making of the agreement. (C) The term privacy or data security dispute means any claim relating to an alleged violation of this Act, or a regulation promulgated under this Act, and between an individual and a covered entity. 302. Relationship to Federal and State laws (a) Federal law preservation Nothing in this Act or a regulation promulgated under this Act shall be construed to limit— (1) the authority of the Commission, or any other Executive agency, under any other provision of law