genomics, induced pluripotent adult stem cells, 3D modeling with human cells, high throughput technology, molecular imaging, computer models, in silico trials, digital imaging, artificial intelligence, and other innovative methods—all of which have launched a technological revolution in biomedical research. (8) Despite these cutting-edge, human-relevant methods, a preponderance of NIH research is carried out on animals. A 2019 news release from NIH indicates that 70 percent of NIH grant applications relate to studies using mice. (9) The American public has expressed concern about subjecting animals to the pain of experimentation. This concern grows as alternatives to research on animals become available. (10) Under the system of oversight established by the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993 ( Public Law 103–43 ), NIH is supposed to outline a plan for reducing the use of animals in research. Section 404C(a)(1) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 283e(a)(1) ), as added by section 205 of the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993, calls for NIH to conduct or support research into … methods of biomedical research and experimentation that do not require the use of animals and methods of such research and experimentation that reduce the number of animals used in such research . (11) A dedicated center that provides resources, funding, and training to encourage researchers to utilize humane, cost-effective, and scientifically suitable non-animal methods is needed to fulfill the intent of the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993 ( Public Law 103–43 ). 3. National Center for Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing (a) Addition to list of institutes and centers Section 401 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 281 ) is amended— (1) by redesignating paragraph (25) as paragraph (26)