1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Oil and Water Don’t Mix Act of 2020 . 2. Protection of water resources (a) Mineral Leasing Act requirements Section 17 of the Mineral Leasing Act ( 30 U.S.C. 226 ) is amended— (1) in subsection (g) by striking lands or surface waters adversely and inserting surface or ground waters or lands adversely ; (2) by redesignating subsection (p) as subsection (q); and (3) by inserting after subsection (o) the following: (p) Water requirements (1) An operator producing oil or gas (including coalbed methane) under a lease issued under this Act shall— (A) replace the water supply of a water user who obtains all or part of such user’s supply of water from an underground or surface source that has been affected by contamination, diminution, or interruption proximately resulting from drilling, fracking, or production operations for such production; (B) ensure that if a surface or ground water source is affected by contamination, diminution, or interruption proximately resulting from such production, best management practices and appropriately available technologies are used to prevent, to the maximum extent possible, the long-term or permanent degradation of the surface or ground water source; and (C) comply with all applicable requirements of Federal and State law with respect to— (i) discharge of any water produced under the lease; and (ii) activities that would divert or otherwise alter a surface or ground water source or lead to a discharge not covered by clause (i). (2) An application for a permit to drill under a lease under this Act shall be accompanied by a proposed water management plan including provisions to— (A) protect the quantity and quality of surface and ground water systems, both on-site and off-site, from adverse effects of the exploration, development, and reclamation processes or to provide alternative sources of water if such protection cannot be assured