; however more than 25 years after the World Health Organization declared tuberculosis a public health emergency and called on countries to make scaling up tuberculosis control a priority, tuberculosis still kills more people worldwide than any other infectious disease, and is the leading killer of people living with HIV/AIDS. (2) In 2017, 10,000,000 people became ill with tuberculosis, 10 percent of whom were children, and 1,600,000 people died from the disease. In order to achieve the goals of the World Health Organization End TB Strategy by 2035, new tools must be developed and made available. (3) Over one-third of people who become ill with tuberculosis may be undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, or treated but not reported, resulting in unnecessary illness, communicable infections, and increased mortality. (4) Failure to properly treat tuberculosis can cause treatment failure and death, and exacerbates antimicrobial resistance, increasing multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR–TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR–TB), which are significantly costlier and more difficult to treat than drug-sensitive tuberculosis and can also be transmitted from person-to-person, increasing the likelihood that drug-resistant tuberculosis will spread to new geographic areas. (5) Globally, only about half of the $13,000,000,000 required annually as outlined in the Stop TB Partnership's Global Plan to End TB for tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is currently available. (6) There is an annual $1,300,000,000 gap in funding needed for the development of vaccines, additional rapid, point-of-care diagnostic tests, and shorter, less toxic treatments which would facilitate patient adherence to treatment regimens, reduce program costs, and mitigate the growing threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The United States Government continues to be a lead funder of global tuberculosis research and development, contributing 40 percent of the total $772,000,000 in global funding in 2017, and can catalyze more investments