; or (2) a call or text message for which misleading or inaccurate caller identification information was caused to be transmitted in violation of subsection (e). . 3. Robocall blocking service with opt-out customer approval Section 227 of the Communications Act of 1934 ( 47 U.S.C. 227 ), as amended by section 2, is further amended by adding at the end the following: (j) Robocall blocking service with opt-Out customer approval (1) In general A voice service provider may provide a robocall blocking service to a customer on an informed opt-out basis if the provider does not charge a fee in exchange for such service. (2) Rules of construction (A) Informed opt-in basis Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit a voice service provider from providing a robocall blocking service to customers on an informed opt-in basis, whether or not in exchange for a fee. (B) Blocking calls without customer consent Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit a voice service provider from blocking calls without customer consent as provided by rule or order of the Commission. (3) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Robocall blocking service The term robocall blocking service means a service or technology that enables a voice service customer to avoid receiving calls made in violation of subsection (b). (B) Voice service The term voice service has the meaning given such term in subsection (e)(8). This subparagraph shall apply before the effective date of the amendment made to such subsection by subparagraph (C) of section 503(a)(2) of division P of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 ( Public Law 115–141 ) as if such amendment was already in effect. . 4. Study on information requirements for certain VoIP service providers (a) In general The Federal Communications Commission shall conduct a study regarding whether to require a provider of covered VoIP service to— (1) provide to the Commission contact information for such provider and keep such information current