1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Audit & Appeals Fairness, Integrity, and Reforms in Medicare Act of 2019 or the AFIRM Act . (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Authority to establish a process to review low value claims; revision of amount in controversy thresholds. Sec. 3. Remanding appeals to the redetermination level with the introduction of new evidence. Sec. 4. Expedited access to appeals. Sec. 5. Authority to use sampling and extrapolation methodologies and to consolidate appeals for administrative efficiency. Sec. 6. Identification and referral of fraud. Sec. 7. Study to assess hearing participation. Sec. 8. Improvements to the Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals. Sec. 9. Review program improvements. Sec. 10. Creation of Medicare Provider and Supplier Ombudsman for Reviews and Appeals. Sec. 11. Limiting the audit and recovery period for patient status reviews. Sec. 12. Incentives and disincentives for Medicare contractors, providers, and suppliers. 2. Authority to establish a process to review low value claims