; and (C) the defender believes the attacker is an agent or an affiliate of Chinese state commercial actors in the United States, other Chinese entities or individuals financed, directed, or controlled by the Chinese State, Government of China, or the Chinese Communist Party. (2) Definition The term attributional data means any digital information such as log files, text strings, time stamps, malware samples, identifiers such as user names and Internet Protocol addresses and metadata or other digital artifacts gathered through forensic analysis. . (b) Exclusion from prosecution for certain computer crimes for those taking active cyber defense measures Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: (l) Active cyber defense measures not a violation (1) In general It is a defense to a criminal prosecution under this section that the conduct constituting the offense was an active cyber defense measure if the defender believes the attacker was an agent or an affiliate of Chinese state commercial actors in the United States, other Chinese entities or individuals financed, directed, or controlled by the Chinese State, the Government of China, or the Chinese Communist Party. (2) Definitions In this subsection— (A) the term defender means a person or an entity that is a victim of a persistent unauthorized intrusion of the individual entity’s computer; (B) the term active cyber defense measure — (i) means any measure— (I) undertaken by, or at the direction of, a defender; and (II) consisting of accessing without authorization the computer of the attacker to the defender’s own network to gather information in order to— (aa) establish attribution of criminal activity to share with law enforcement and other United States Government agencies responsible for cybersecurity; (bb) disrupt continued unauthorized activity against the defender’s own network; or (cc) monitor the behavior of an attacker to assist in developing future intrusion prevention or cyber defense techniques