; and (E) consider the consequences of the New START Treaty’s expiration in 2021 in relation to the insights it provides into the location, movement, and disposition of current and future Russian strategic systems; (4) the United States strongly condemns Russia’s violations of the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, signed at Washington December 8, 1987, and entered into force June 1, 1988, and urges it to come back into full compliance prior to August 2, 2019; (5) in responding to Russia’s deployment of INF-range systems, the United States should advocate for those defense and deterrence steps which preserve the cohesion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and are aimed at averting an arms race on the European continent; (6) pursuit of a verifiable and comprehensive arms control agreement with Russia and the People’s Republic of China, which may capture strategic and non-strategic nuclear weapons capabilities, would enhance United States and global security by building upon other treaties, agreements, and transparency measures to reduce nuclear risk; and (7) the United States should continue to encourage opportunities for cooperation with other nuclear weapons-possessing countries to reduce the salience, number, and role of nuclear weapons in their national military strategies.