costs (including information on any awards of associated contracts) to estimated costs set forth in subsection (c)(2). (6) Any realized impacts, as identified by the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, on land ports of entry operations as a result of implementation actions, including any changes to the number of U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers or their duties and assignments. (7) Any proposed changes to the plan and an explanation for such changes, including changes made in response to any Department of Homeland Security research and development findings, including findings resulting from the pilot program under subsection (d), or changes in terrorist or transnational criminal organizations tactics, techniques, or procedures. (8) Any challenges to implementing the plan or meeting the benchmarks, and plans to mitigate any such challenges. (f) Definitions In this section: (1) Large-scale non-intrusive inspection system The term large-scale non-intrusive inspection system means a technology, including x-ray and gamma-ray imaging systems, capable of scanning an entire commercial or passenger vehicle in one pass to provide an image of the presence of any contraband. (2) Scanning The term scanning means a non-physical inspection of a commercial or passenger vehicle by a U.S. Customs and Border Protection officer in which images are generated of the contents of the vehicle through a technology, including x-ray and gamma-ray imaging systems, for analysis by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.