; and (B) may include unclassified annexes, if appropriate. (b) Research (1) In general The Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the Department of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, the Privacy Officer, and the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties of the Department, shall conduct research to aid in the identification of malign disinformation operations carried out by terrorist or foreign malicious actors by studying documented malign disinformation operations that widely reached Americans that had implications for the preparedness for and response to terrorism or other homeland security threats. Such research shall— (A) examine different patterns and tactics of malign disinformation operations to identify unique signatures