of December 31, 2017— (i) publishes and distributes, either electronically or in printed form, 1 or more newspapers, (ii) is not a company the stock of which is publicly traded (on a stock exchange or in an over-the-counter market), and is not controlled, directly or indirectly, by such a company, and (iii) is controlled, directly or indirectly— (I) by 1 or more persons residing primarily in a State in which the newspaper is published or distributed, (II) by a trust or trusts, 1 or more of which was created or organized in a State in which the newspaper is published or distributed, or (III) by a combination of persons described in subclauses (I) and (II). (B) Control A person shall be treated as controlled by another person if such other person possesses, directly or indirectly, the power to direct or cause the direction and management of such person (including the power to elect a majority of the members of the board of directors of such person) through the ownership of voting securities. (5) Controlled group For purposes of this subsection, the term controlled group means all persons treated as a single employer under subsection (b), (c), (m), or (o) of section 414 as of the date of the enactment of this subsection. . (b) Amendment to Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 Section 303 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( 29 U.S.C. 1083 ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (m) Special rules for community newspaper plans (1) In general The plan sponsor of a community newspaper plan under which no participant has had the participant's accrued benefit increased (whether because of service or compensation) after December 31, 2017, may elect to have the alternative standards described in paragraph (3) apply to such plan, and any plan sponsored by any member of the same controlled group, for purposes of this section for plan years beginning with any plan year in effect on or beginning after the date of the enactment of this subsection. (2) Election An election