; and (ii) relevant scientific research on novel pathogens; and (D) a requirement for each employer to— (i) maintain a COVID–19 employee infection log, notify its own employees and report to the appropriate health department of each confirmed positive COVID–19 diagnosis of an employee within 24 hours of the employer learning of such confirmed positive diagnosis, whether or not the infection is work-related, consistent with the confidentiality requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ( 42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), the HIPAA privacy regulations (defined in section 1180(b)(3) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1320d–9(b) ) and other applicable Federal regulations; and (ii) report to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration any outbreak of three or more confirmed positive COVID–19 diagnoses that have occurred among employees present at the place of employment within a 14-day period, not later than 24 hours after the employer is made aware of such an outbreak. (8) Inapplicable provisions of law and executive order The following provisions of law and Executive orders shall not be applicable with respect to the standard promulgated under this subsection: (A) The requirements of chapter 6 of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the Regulatory Flexibility Act ). (B) Subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly referred to as the Paperwork Reduction Act ). (C) The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 ( 2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.). (D) Executive Order 12866 (58 Fed. Reg. 190