access to computer science education exist for minorities. Research in the Los Angeles Unified School District, the second largest and one of the most diverse school districts in the United States, found college-preparatory computer science courses were commonly missing in schools with high numbers of Latino and African-American students. (9) Only 14 States allow computer science courses to count toward a student’s secondary school graduation requirements, chilling student interest in computer science courses. (10) The CSTA has found that many States do not have a certification or licensure process for computer science teachers, and where certification processes do exist, such processes often have no connection to computer science content. (11) Computer science education has been encumbered by confusion regarding the related but distinct concepts of computer science education, technology education, and the use of technology in education. (12) Computer science education courses have often been placed within the vocational education pathways in schools, creating a focus on applied information technology skills rather than a focus on developing fundamental computer science knowledge. (13) With the growing importance of computing in society, the need for students to understand the fundamentals of computing, and the significant challenges computer science education faces in elementary and secondary education, broad support for computer science education is needed to catalyze reform. 3. Amendment to the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 Section 2(2) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 ( 42 U.S.C. 6621 note) is amended by inserting , and computer science after and mathematics . 4. State comprehensive planning grants (a) Program authorized The Secretary of Education shall award grants to State educational agencies to develop comprehensive plans to strengthen elementary and secondary computer science education in accordance with this section. (b) Objectives A comprehensive plan developed under