; and (B) ensure that the process for establishing the criteria— (i) is transparent; (ii) is consistent across agencies; (iii) provides opportunity for public comment; and (iv) takes into account efforts of Federal agencies to identify and publicize effective interventions, including efforts at the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Education, and the Department of Justice. (3) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Approach The term approach means a process, product, strategy, or practice that is— (i) research-based, based on the results of one or more empirical studies, and linked to program-determined outcomes; and (ii) evaluated using rigorous research designs. (B) Proven approach The term proven approach means an approach used in a demonstration project conducted under this section that— (i) meets the requirements of a promising approach; and (ii) has demonstrated significant positive outcomes at more than 1 site in terms of increasing work and earnings of participants, reducing poverty and dependence, or strengthening families. (C) Promising approach The term promising approach means an approach used in a demonstration project conducted under this section— (i) that has been used in the project or elsewhere for at least 3 years; (ii) that meets the requirements of subparagraph (D)(i); (iii) that has been evaluated using well-designed and rigorous randomized controlled or quasi-experimental research designs; (iv) that has demonstrated significant positive outcomes at only 1 site in terms of increasing work and earnings of participants, reducing poverty and dependence, or strengthening families; and (v) under which the benefits of the positive outcomes have exceeded the costs of achieving the outcomes. (D) Developmental approach The term developmental approach means an approach used in a demonstration project conducted under this section that— (i) is research-based, grounded in relevant empirically based knowledge, and linked to program-determined outcomes