containing a marijuana derivative, an equivalent amount, as established by the Secretary) shall be, upon conviction, fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both. (c) Other Offenses Whoever, otherwise than as provided in subsections (a) and (b) and section 5911(b), violates any provision of this chapter, or of regulations prescribed thereunder, shall, for each such offense, be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both. (d) Liability to tax Any person who possesses marijuana products in violation of subsection (a) shall be liable for a tax equal to the tax on such articles. . (b) Study Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury, or the Secretary's delegate, shall— (1) conduct a study concerning the characteristics of the marijuana industry, including the number of persons operating marijuana enterprises at each level of such industry, the volume of sales, the amount of tax collected each year, and the areas of evasion, and (2) submit to Congress recommendations to improve the regulation of the industry and the administration of the related tax. (c) Conforming Amendment Section 6103(o)(1)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking and firearms and inserting firearms, and marijuana . (d) Clerical amendment The table of chapters for subtitle E of title I of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new chapter: Chapter 56. Marijuana Products . (e) Effective date (1) In general The amendments made by this section shall apply to sales, and applications for permits under section 5922 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by subsection (a)), after 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act. (2) Special rules for existing businesses In the case of any producer operating under a permit issued on or before the date of the enactment of this Act under State law, the requirements under section 5922 of