; and (4) the quantity of passenger vehicle sales in the United States of all vehicle manufacturers. (j) State programs (1) In general Nothing in this section shall preempt the authority of a State or political subdivision of a State to adopt or enforce any law (including regulations) relating to motor vehicles, including the authority to set standards for motor vehicle emissions and zero-emission vehicle requirements under section 177 and section 209. (2) Compliance with section No law or regulation of a State or political subdivision of a State shall relieve any vehicle manufacturer from compliance with any requirement otherwise applicable under this section. (k) Regulations Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator shall promulgate regulations to implement this section. (l) Enforcement (1) Civil penalty (A) In general A vehicle manufacturer that fails to comply with subsection (b) shall be liable for a civil penalty, assessed by the Administrator, in an amount that is equal to twice the average value of the aggregate quantity of zero-emission vehicle credits that the vehicle manufacturer failed to submit in violation of that subsection, as determined by the Administrator. (B) Enforcement The Administrator shall assess any civil penalty under subparagraph (A). (C) Deposit With respect to any civil penalty paid to the Administrator pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall deposit the amount into the Highway Trust Fund established by section 9503(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (2) Injunction After calendar year 2040, the Administrator may issue an injunction on the manufacture of any passenger vehicles other than zero-emission vehicles by a vehicle manufacturer. . (b) Table of contents amendment The table of contents of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. prec. 7401) is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to part A of title II the following: Sec. 220. National zero-emission vehicle standard. .