; and (B) on May 19, 2014, 5 Chinese military hackers were charged for hacking United States entities in the nuclear power, metals, and solar products industries and engaging in economic espionage. (6) In May 2017, North Korea released WannaCry pseudo-ransomware, which posed a significant risk to the economy, national security, and the citizens of the United States and the world, as it resulted in the infection of more than 300,000 computer systems in more than 150 countries, including in the healthcare sector of the United Kingdom, demonstrating the global reach and cost of cyber-enabled malicious activity. (7) In June 2017, the Russian Federation carried out the most destructive cyber-enabled operation in history, releasing the NotPetya malware that caused billions of dollars’ worth of damage within Ukraine and across Europe, Asia, and the Americas. (8) On May 31, 2018, the Department of State, pursuant to section 3(b) of Executive Order 13800 (82 Fed. Reg. 22391