1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Responsible Opioid Prescription Act . 2. Medicaid restrictions relating to opioid prescriptions (a) In general Section 1927(d) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1396r–8(d) ) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (8) Restrictions relating to opioids (A) In general Subject to subparagraph (B), with respect to calendar quarters beginning on or after January 1, 2019, a State may only provide coverage under the State plan (or a waiver of such plan) for an opioid dispensed to an individual enrolled under the plan (or waiver) to the extent that— (i) in the case of an initial prescription for the opioid to the individual, such prescription is limited to a maximum of a 7-day supply; and (ii) in the case of a refill of such prescription, such refill is limited to a maximum of a 30-day supply and prescribed only if a provider— (I) determines that the expected benefits of using the opioid to treat or improve the individual’s pain or function, respectively, outweigh the risks of such use; (II) to the extent appropriate, combines the use of the opioid with non-pharmacologic therapy and non-opioid pharmacologic therapy; (III) establishes treatment goals for the individual and takes steps to ensure that the use of the opioid will be discontinued if the provider determines that the benefits of such use no longer outweigh the risks; and (IV) discusses with the individual the known risks of such use, the realistic benefits of such use, and the responsibilities of the provider and individual in managing such use. (B) Exception Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to opioids dispensed to individuals who are— (i) receiving treatment for cancer; (ii) receiving hospice or palliative care