; or (3) being a clinical service provider, or an officer or employee of a clinical service provider acting in the course of their employment, pays any money or thing of value to a recovery home or clinical treatment facility, or to an officer or employee of a recovery home or clinical treatment facility, in exchange for referring an individual with a substance use disorder to a clinical service provider for clinical services, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (b) Rule of construction The prohibition under subsection (a)(2)(B) does not apply in the case of a recovery home or clinical treatment facility that charges different fees or rates for serving different categories of individuals. (c) Definitions In this section: (1) The term recovery home means a residential property that is operated as a nonclinical cooperative living arrangement to provide an alcohol- and drug-free environment for individuals recovering from alcoholism or substance use disorders who seek a living environment that supports personal recovery. (2) The term clinical treatment facility means the location of a medical practice that provides, manages, or coordinates health care and related services under the supervision of a licensed medical professional for individuals recovering from alcoholism or substance use disorders. . (b) Clerical amendment The table of sections for chapter 11 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item related to section 219 the following: 220. Unlawful payments for referrals to recovery homes and clinical treatment facilities. . 5. GAO study Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study and submit to the Committee on Health, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report, which shall include— (1) an analysis of best practices of State and local governments in regulating, licensing, training, and