; (B) design of new materials and molecular functions; (C) secure communications and cryptography; (D) quantum sensing and metrology; (E) development of mathematics to support defense missions related to quantum-based encryption techniques; and (F) processing and manufacturing of low-cost, robust, and reliable quantum information science and technology-enabled devices and systems; (2) develop a coordinated and integrated research and investment plan for meeting the near-, mid-, and long-term challenges with definitive milestones while achieving the specific technical goals that builds upon the Department’s increased investment in quantum information science and technology research and development, commercial sector and global investments, and other United States Government investments in the quantum sciences; (3) not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, develop and continuously update guidance, including classification and data management plans for defense-related quantum information science and technology activities, and policies for control of personnel participating on such activities to minimize the effects of loss of intellectual property in basic and applied quantum science and information considered sensitive to the leadership of the United States in the field of quantum computing