adjudication of violations of criminal laws. (3) The term community-based organization means a grassroots organization that monitors the issue of police misconduct and that has a national presence and membership (such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the National Council of La Raza, the National Urban League, the National Congress of American Indians, and the National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium (NAPALC)). (4) The term professional law enforcement association means a law enforcement membership association that works for the needs of Federal, State, local, or Indian tribal law enforcement groups and with the civilian community on matters of common interest (such as the Hispanic American Police Command Officers Association (HAPCOA), National Asian Pacific Officers Association (NAPOA), National Black Police Association (NBPA), National Latino Peace Officers Association (NLPOA), National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE), Women in Law Enforcement, Native American Law Enforcement Association (NALEA), International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), National Sheriffs’ Association (NSA), Fraternal Order of Police (FOP), and National Association of School Resource Officers). (5) The term professional civilian oversight organization means a membership organization formed to address and advance the cause of civilian oversight of law enforcement and whose members are from Federal, State, regional, local, or tribal organizations that review issues or complaints against law enforcement entities or individuals (such as the National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE)). 1026. Law enforcement grants (a) Grant authorization The Attorney General may make grants to States, units of local government, Indian tribal governments, or other public and private entities, or to any multijurisdictional or regional consortia of such entities, to study and implement effective management,