; (2) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (g); (3) by inserting after subsection (d) the following: (e) State cause of action (1) In general In any case in which a State has reason to believe that an interest of the residents of the State has been or is being threatened or adversely affected by the conduct of a person that violates this section, the State may bring a civil action on behalf of those residents in an appropriate district court of the United States to enjoin the conduct. (2) Service, intervention (A) Service (i) Prior service Before filing a complaint under paragraph (1), the State shall serve a copy of the complaint upon the Attorney General and the United States Attorney for the judicial district in which the complaint is to be filed. (ii) Concurrent service If prior service under clause (i) is not feasible, the State shall serve the complaint on the Attorney General and the appropriate United States Attorney on the day on which the State files the complaint in an appropriate district court of the United States. (iii) Relation to criminal proceedings A proceeding under paragraph (1) shall be independent of, and not in lieu of, a criminal prosecution or any other proceeding under this section or any other law of the United States. (B) Intervention The United States may— (i) intervene in a civil action brought by a State under paragraph (1); and (ii) upon intervening— (I) be heard on all matters arising in the civil action; and (II) file petitions for appeal of a decision in the civil action. (C) Federal Rules of Civil Procedure The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure shall apply to service of a complaint on the United States under this paragraph. (3) Powers conferred by State law For purposes of a civil action brought under paragraph (1), nothing in this chapter shall prevent an attorney general of a State from exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general by the laws of the State to— (A) conduct investigations; (B) administer oaths or affirmations