monitoring service sold by a CRA, without realizing the limitations and usefulness of these products and services. (D) Similarly, a September 2012 Consumer Bureau report titled Analysis of Differences between Consumer- and Creditor-Purchased Credit Scores found that consumers do not know before they purchase a credit score from a CRA whether this credit score will closely track or vary significantly from the credit score sold to creditors or lenders. Given the lack of transparency about the usefulness of credit scores that are marketed for purchase by consumers from CRAs and the resulting consumer confusion, the Consumer Bureau recommended that companies selling scores to consumers clearly inform consumers that the scores marketed to consumers for purchase by CRAs can vary, sometimes substantially, from the scores that are actually sold to and used by creditors and lenders. (E) A February 2011 study by Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore also found that half of the consumers surveyed did not know that a credit score is designed to indicate the risk of not repaying a credit obligation. Consumers also did not know who makes credit scores available, what numerical range constitutes excellent credit standing, or the financial implications of having a low credit score. (F) Many consumers do not realize that they have more than just one credit score. Because the submission of credit information to CRAs is voluntary and not all furnishers submit information to every CRA, the information contained in a report also varies among CRAs. As a result, the credit score generated by each CRA is also likely to vary, resulting in potentially different credit decisions based on an evaluation of different credit reports obtained from different CRAs. (G) A February 2015 Consumer Bureau report titled Consumer Voices on Credit Reports and Scores found that consumers had questions about what actions to take to improve their scores once they had seen them, suggesting that additional disclosures and educational content would