River spring chinook run and 15 percent of Willamette River steelhead run, two salmonid species listed under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. (11) In recent years, California sea lions have congregated with greater frequency near Willamette Falls and Bonneville Dam and have entered the fish ladders that salmon must use to return to their historic and biological spawning grounds. (12) These California sea lions have not been responsive to extensive hazing methods employed to discourage this behavior. (13) The process established under the 1994 amendment to the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 to address predatory sea lion behavior negatively impacting threatened or endangered salmon runs is protracted and has not worked. (14) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has observed that— (A) management efforts to reduce pinniped predation of endangered and threatened salmon and steelhead in the area around Bonneville Dam has been insufficient to reduce the severity of the threat