; Whereas NATO has deployed thousands of troops to Afghanistan, where more than 1,100 non-United States NATO ally and partner forces have been killed; Whereas Admiral James Stavridis, a former NATO Supreme Allied Commander, testified that, I signed, sadly, thousands of letters of condolence to Europeans who died fighting because the United States had been attacked. ; Whereas in 2001, NATO agreed on eight measures to support the United States on counter-terrorism, including enhancing intelligence-sharing and providing blanket overflight clearances and access for the United States to ports and airfields for operations against terrorism; Whereas NATO allies are reinforcing NATO’s eastern flank by leading three of the four battlegroups of NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland; Whereas NATO is a member of the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS and supports it through a non-combat training and capacity building mission in Iraq and with the deployment of aircraft to provide intelligence and greater situational awareness; Whereas the Russian Federation continues to undermine transatlantic unity and security, including through its invasions of Georgia and Ukraine, noncompliance with its arms control commitments, support for the Assad regime and destabilizing role in Syria, interference in democratic elections, downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 in Ukraine on July 17, 2014, and its use of a nerve agent in Salisbury, United Kingdom, on March 4, 2018; Whereas NATO carries out disaster relief operations and missions to protect populations against natural or humanitarian disasters, and has adopted anti-piracy responsibilities to ensure freedom of the seas; Whereas NATO enhances United States cybersecurity, including through the Cyber Operations Center, which incorporates cyber warfare into the alliance’s defense operations, and the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, which supports its member states with cyber defence expertise