; (10) Operation Elephant was a prelude to the 21 full-scale tactical deceptions completed by the 23d Headquarters, Special Troops; (11) often operating on or near the front lines, the 23d Headquarters, Special Troops, used inflatable tanks, artillery, airplanes and other vehicles, advanced engineered soundtracks, and skillfully crafted radio trickery to create the illusion of a sizable American forces where there were none and to draw the enemy away from Allied troops; (12) the 3132d and the 3133d Signal Service Companies, activated in Pine Camp (now Fort Drum), New York, at the Army Experimental Station in March 1944, were the only 2 active duty sonic deception ground combat units in World War II; (13) soldiers of the 23d Headquarters, Special Troops, impersonated other, larger Army units by sewing counterfeit patches onto their uniforms, painting false markings on their vehicles, and creating phony headquarters staffed by fake generals, all in an effort to feed false information to Axis spies; (14) during the Battle of the Bulge, the 23d Headquarters, Special Troops, created counterfeit radio traffic in an effort to deceive the enemy of the movement of elements of General George S. Patton’s Third Army as it shifted to break through to the 101st Airborne Division and elements of 10th Armored Division in the besieged Belgian town of Bastogne; (15) in its final mission, Operation Viersen, in March 1945, the 23d Headquarters, Special Troops, conducted a tactical deception operation intended to draw German units down the Rhine River and away from the Ninth Army, allowing the Ninth Army to cross the Rhine into Germany; (16) during Operation Viersen, the 23d Headquarters, Special Troops, with the assistance of other units, impersonated 40,000 men, or 2 complete divisions of American forces, by using fabricated radio networks, soundtracks of construction work and artillery fire, and more than 600 inflatable and real vehicles