necessary to execute the laws that establish agencies and programs and impose obligations. (3) Clause 2 of rule XXI of the Rules of the House of Representatives prohibits the consideration of appropriations measures that provide appropriations for unauthorized programs. (4) As of January 2018, more than $713 billion has been appropriated for unauthorized programs, spanning 30 separate laws that include 189 explicit authorizations of appropriations set to expire on or before the end of fiscal year 2018. (5) Agencies such as the Department of State have not been authorized for nearly two decades. (6) In the 115th Congress, the House adopted as part of H. Res. 5 a requirement for each standing committee of the House to adopt an authorization and oversight plan that enumerates all unauthorized programs and agencies within its jurisdiction that received funding in the prior fiscal year, among other oversight requirements. (b) Policy on unauthorized appropriations In the House, it is the policy of this concurrent resolution that legislation should be enacted that— (1) establishes a schedule for reauthorizing all Federal programs on a staggered five-year basis together with declining spending targets for each year a program is not reauthorized according to such schedule