; and (B) the release or transfer of technology or source code relating to the item to a foreign person outside the United States. (9) Secretary Except as otherwise provided, the term Secretary means the Secretary of Commerce. (10) Technology The term technology includes foundational information and information and know-how necessary for the development (at all stages prior to serial production), production, use, operation, installation, maintenance, repair, overhaul or refurbishing of an item. (11) Transfer The term transfer , with respect to an item subject to controls under title I, means a change in the end-use or end user of the item within the same foreign country. (12) United States The term United States means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States. (13) United States person The term United States person means— (A) for purposes of subtitles A and C— (i) any individual who is a citizen or national of the United States or who is an individual described in subparagraph (B) of section 274B(a)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1324b(a)(3) ); (ii) a corporation or other legal entity which is organized under the laws of the United States, any State or territory thereof, or the District of Columbia; and (iii) any person in the United States