; (2) the United States Government should use all available measures to reduce the availability of illicit fentanyl, its chemical precursors, and the equipment by which fentanyl may be milled into counterfeit prescription pills; (3) the United States Government should make grants available for State and local medical examiners and coroners to screen for fentanyl in suspected opioid overdose cases in regions reporting increases in fentanyl seizures, fentanyl-related overdose fatalities, or unusually high spikes in heroin or unspecified drug overdose fatalities; (4) State and local law enforcement should, if safe and possible, prioritize and expedite testing of drug samples taken from drug overdose scenes and share the data on fentanyl drug seizures with local health departments, coroners, and medical examiners; (5) grants made available to address the opioid epidemic should be used to improve States’ surveillance of fentanyl-related deaths and to expand access to naloxone for first responders, law enforcement, and health care personnel given that multiple doses of naloxone must be administered per overdose event; and (6) the United States Government, including the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy, should use the broad diplomatic and law enforcement resources of the United States, in partnership with the Governments of Mexico and China, to stop the trafficking of illicit fentanyl into the United States. 3. Enhanced penalties (a) Controlled Substances Act amendments The Controlled Substances Act is amended— (1) in section 401(b)(1) ( 21 U.S.C. 841(b)(1) )— (A) in subparagraph (A)(vi)— (i) by striking 400 grams and inserting 20 grams ; and (ii) by striking 100 grams and inserting 5 grams ; and (B) in subparagraph (B)(vi)— (i) by striking 40 grams and inserting 2 grams ; and (ii) by striking 10 grams and inserting 0.5 grams