; (B) missiles; (C) chemical or biological weapons; (D) whole plants for chemical weapons precursors; (E) foreign maritime nuclear projects; and (F) foreign intelligence services. (b) Requirements In exercising authority under this title, the President shall impose controls to achieve the following objectives: (1) To regulate the export, reexport, and transfer of items described in subsection (a)(1) of United States persons, wherever located, or foreign persons, wherever located. (2) To regulate the activities described in subsection (a)(2) of United States persons, wherever located. (3) To secure the cooperation of other governments and multilateral organizations to impose control systems that are consistent, to the extent possible, with the controls imposed under subsection (a). (4) To maintain the leadership of the United States in science, engineering, technology research and development, and manufacturing. (5) To enhance the viability of commercial firms, academic institutions, and research establishments, and maintain the skilled workforce of such firms, institutions, and establishments, that are necessary to preserving the leadership of the United States described in paragraph (4). (6) To strengthen the United States industrial base, both with respect to current and future defense requirements. (7) To enforce the controls through means such as regulations, requirements for compliance, lists of controlled items, lists of foreign persons who threaten the national security or foreign policy of the United States, and guidance in a form that facilitates compliance by United States persons and foreign persons, in particular academic institutions, scientific and research establishments, and small- and medium-sized businesses. 104. Additional authorities (a) In general In carrying out this title, the President shall— (1) establish and maintain lists published by the Secretary of Commerce of items that are controlled under this title