; and (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following: (b) Mobile offshore drilling units The safety management system described in subsection (a) for a mobile offshore drilling unit operating in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, including the exclusive economic zone (as established by Presidential Proclamation Numbered 5030 of March 10, 1983 ( 16 U.S.C. 1453 note)), shall include processes, procedures, and policies related to the safe, environmentally sound operation and maintenance of all machinery and systems of the unit that are used for the commercial industrial functions and purposes of the unit. . 205. Gulf of Mexico long-term marine environmental monitoring and research program (a) Environmental monitoring and research program required (1) In general As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this Act, and subject to the availability of appropriations or other sources of funding, the Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, shall establish and carry out a long-term marine environmental monitoring and research program for the marine and coastal environment of the Gulf of Mexico to ensure that the Federal Government has independent, peer-reviewed scientific data and information to assess long-term direct and indirect impacts on trust resources located in the Gulf of Mexico and Southeast region resulting from the oil spill caused by the mobile offshore drilling unit Deepwater Horizon. (2) Period of program The Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, shall carry out the program under paragraph (1) during the 10-year period beginning on the date of commencement of the program. The Secretary may extend the period if the Secretary determines that additional monitoring and research is warranted. (b) Scope of program The program under subsection (a) shall include the following: (1) Monitoring and research of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the affected marine, coastal, and estuarine