; Whereas Winnie Mandela became interested and involved with the African National Congress, the South African political party and leading organization in the antiapartheid movement; Whereas, in 1957, friends introduced Winnie Mandela, then Nomzano Winifred Madikizela, to Nelson Mandela, a lawyer, member of the African National Congress Executive Committee, and leading figure in the antiapartheid movement, who she married on June 14, 1958; Whereas beginning in the early days of their marriage, Winnie and Nelson Mandela engaged in political activities and demonstrations for which they were routinely arrested and targeted by the government and security police; Whereas Winnie Mandela’s activism included activities such as participating, along with thousands of other women, in a demonstration in September 1958 against South Africa’s so-called pass laws requiring Blacks in the country to carry documentation at all times indicating their assigned residence and employment and authorizing their presence in certain areas of the country; Whereas Winnie Mandela was incarcerated for two weeks and lost her job as a hospital social worker as a result of her participation in the September 1958 demonstration; Whereas Nelson Mandela was arrested in 1962 and jailed for inciting Africans to strike and, while imprisoned on those charges, was tried for sabotage, found guilty, and sentenced, in 1964, to life imprisonment, leaving Winnie Mandela to raise the couple’s two daughters, Zenani and Zindzi, on her own and without a source of income; Whereas during her husband’s incarceration, Winnie Mandela steadfastly continued her activism against apartheid, which led to harsh harassment from police, her arrest on several occasions, and her imprisonment in 1969 for 18 months in solitary confinement, where she was tortured; Whereas despite her imprisonment and encounters with police, Winnie Mandela continued her activism