; (2) to return to the individual States maximum discretionary authority and fiscal responsibility for all elements of the national surface transportation systems that are not within the direct purview of the Federal Government; (3) to preserve Federal responsibility for the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways; (4) to preserve the responsibility of the Department of Transportation for— (A) design, construction, and preservation of transportation facilities on Federal public land; (B) national programs of transportation research and development and transportation safety; and (C) emergency assistance to the States in response to natural disasters; (5) to eliminate to the maximum extent practicable Federal obstacles to the ability of each State to apply innovative solutions to the financing, design, construction, operation, and preservation of Federal and State transportation facilities; and (6) with respect to transportation activities carried out by States, local governments, and the private sector, to encourage— (A) competition among States, local governments, and the private sector