; Whereas AIDS is a leading cause of death among adolescents globally; Whereas research efforts at the National Institutes of Health have led to extraordinary breakthroughs for children infected with and at risk for HIV; Whereas the United States began investing in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in 2002 with the announcement of the United States International Mother and Child HIV Prevention Initiative; Whereas in fiscal year 2016, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supported HIV testing and counseling for more than 11,500,000 pregnant women and since the program’s inception the provision of antiretroviral drug prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission has allowed nearly 2,000,000 babies to be born HIV free; Whereas since 2002 the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria supported programs that provided 4,200,000 HIV-positive mothers with antiretroviral drug prophylaxis to prevent the transmission of HIV to their children; Whereas in 2014 PEPFAR announced the Accelerating Children’s Treatment Initiative (ACT) that will double the number of HIV positive children on treatment over 2 years in 10 high-burden countries; Whereas the PEPFAR DREAMS initiative is working to reduce new HIV infections in adolescent and young women in 10 sub-Saharan countries; Whereas every mother should have the opportunity to fight for the life of her child; and Whereas every child and adolescent should have access to medicines to lead a long and healthy life: Now, therefore, be it