; and (2) in the case of an action under subsection (a)(1), any governmental entity alleged to be in violation of an order. (d) Notice Notice under this section shall be given in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe by regulation. (e) Intervention In any action under this section, the Secretary, if not a party, may intervene as a matter of right. (f) Costs If determined appropriate by the court, the court may award the costs of litigation (including reasonable attorney and expert witness fees) to the prevailing or substantially prevailing party in a civil action under subsection (a). (g) Bond The court may, if a temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction is sought, require the filing of a bond or equivalent security in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (h) Other rights preserved Nothing in this section shall restrict any right which any person (or class of persons) may have under any statute or common law. 2217. Citizen petitions (a) Regulations The Secretary shall issue regulations to establish a citizen petition process for petitions described in subsection (b), which shall establish— (1) the format for the petitions; (2) the procedure for investigation of the petitions; (3) the procedure for response to the petitions, including timelines; (4) the procedure for referral to and review by the Office of the Inspector General of the Department without deference to a determination made by the Secretary with respect to the petition