above, serve the public interest by assisting in the elimination of fraud, unveiling of bribery and money laundering, and other corrupt practices and should not suffer adverse consequences or retaliation. (7) Protecting whistleblowers who disclose conduct which falls within the purview of this Act is a major step toward fair sport. (8) Criminal proscriptions are necessary to deter doping fraud, even when such conduct occurs outside United States territory at major international competitions, as such conduct has and is intended to have substantial effect on the United States, United States citizens, and United States sponsoring corporations. (9) Athletes who were victimized by doping fraud and whistleblowers have heretofore enjoyed few remedies against doped athletes, including when doping fraud was the cause for them not winning medals or placing at the top of various competitions, or depriving them of prize monies and financial awards for medals or top placement, such that the creation of a private right of action is wholly appropriate. (10) Given that the science of doping detection is constantly improving—such that newly devised technologies have established new detection methods even for past acts of doping fraud—an elongated statute of limitations is appropriate. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Doping fraud The term doping fraud means use of any performance-enhancing drug to gain an unfair competitive advantage in sports, thereby defrauding athletes who are not using performance-enhancing drugs. (2) Performance-enhancing drug The term performance-enhancing drug means any substance—including anabolic agents, peptides, hormones, growth factors, mimetics, Beta–2 agonists, and hormone and metabolic modulators, to be specified by the Secretary of Health and Human Services on the basis of scientific and international sports standards. (3) Major international competition The term major international competition means any professional or amateur sporting competition, including competitions that are comprised of a