; Whereas, according to the 2017 WHO Global Tuberculosis Report, in 2016 an estimated 4.1 percent of all new TB cases and 19 percent of previously treated cases were MDR-TB or rifampin-resistant TB; Whereas, in 2016, an estimated 600,000 people around the world developed MDR-TB or rifampin-resistant TB and those drug-resistant strains caused approximately 240,000 deaths worldwide; Whereas extensively drug-resistant TB (commonly referred to as “XDR-TB”) is a rare type of TB that is resistant to nearly all medicines, and therefore can be very difficult and expensive to treat, especially among patients with HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (commonly referred to as AIDS ); Whereas, according to the 2017 WHO Global Tuberculosis Report, in 2015, 123 countries reported at least 1 case of XDR-TB; Whereas, in 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that the cost of treating a single patient with MDR-TB in the United States averaged $160,000, and the average cost of treating a patient with XDR-TB was even higher at $513,000, compared with $18,000 to treat a patient with drug-susceptible TB; Whereas MDR-TB and XDR-TB cases in the United States between 2005 and 2007 collectively cost the health care system an estimated $53,000,000, according to an analysis by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Whereas, in a 2000 report, the Institute of Medicine found that a decrease in TB control funding and the spread of HIV and AIDS caused a resurgence of TB in the late 1980s and early 1990s; Whereas a total of 9,272 TB cases were reported in the United States in 2016, representing all 50 States and the District of Columbia, and up to 13,000,000 people in the United States may be living with latent TB infection; Whereas 75 percent of States have reported an increase in the proportion of complex cases of TB in recent years due to factors such as homelessness, HIV infection, drug resistance, substance abuse, refugee status, and other factors