; (II) the Arms Export Control Act ( 22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.); (III) part B of title VIII of the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of 1994 ( 22 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.); or (IV) the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 ( 22 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.). (B) Exception The Secretary may not grant a license or permit under subparagraph (A) for an activity described in section 104(a) of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 ( 22 U.S.C. 9214(a) ). (b) Penalties (1) In general A person shall be fined not more than $5,000,000, imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both, if the person knowingly— (A) engages in a transaction described in subsection (a)(1), except pursuant to a license or permit granted under this section or regulations prescribed pursuant to this section