populations . (4) The January 2017 report of the Department of Defense entitled Report to Congress on Strategy to Protect United States National Security Interests in the Arctic Region concluded that [c]ommand and control of forces are challenged by limited satellite and terrestrial communications above 65 degrees north and affirmed that [a]ddressing gaps in key enablers, particularly C5ISR, domain awareness, remote sensing and observing capabilities, ice prediction, and weather forecasting remains a priority . (b) Report required (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on strategies to improve United States communications, domain awareness, and navigational capabilities in the Arctic region. (2) Elements The report under paragraph (1) shall include the following: (A) An identification of domain awareness, communications, and navigational requirements in the Arctic region. (B) A plan to leverage potential or existing partnerships with United States allies, State and local governments, and commercial industries to meet immediate domain awareness, communications, and navigational requirements in the Arctic region, including the possible use of improved— (i) satellite imagery and communications