Whereas approximately half of the 36,700,000 people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the pathogen that causes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), worldwide are women and 2,100,000 are children in 2016; Whereas HIV is a leading cause of death among women of childbearing age worldwide; Whereas nearly 90 percent of HIV-positive expectant mothers in need of HIV services worldwide live in sub-Saharan Africa; Whereas women around the world rely on essential pre- and post-natal care to provide screening for diseases such as HIV, and care for their health and the health of their infants; Whereas when antiretroviral drugs are used as prophylaxis, mother-to-child transmission of HIV can be reduced to less than 5 percent; Whereas in 2005 only 14 percent of women were receiving prevention of mother-to-child transmission services and that number in 2016 was 76 percent; Whereas since 2001 the number of children born HIV positive has been more than cut in half; Whereas despite increased global and United States efforts over 400 children were born HIV positive each day in 2016; Whereas 90 percent of children living with HIV are in sub-Saharan Africa; Whereas in 2016 only 43 percent of children with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy, far below the percentage of adults; Whereas without treatment half of all children with HIV will die by their second birthday, and 80 percent by their fifth birthday; Whereas 120,000 children died of AIDS-related causes in 2016; Whereas 22 percent of new infections are in young women aged 15 to 24 in 2016; Whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, girls account for 75 percent of new annual HIV infections among adolescents; Whereas AIDS is a leading cause of death among adolescents globally; Whereas research efforts at the National Institutes of Health have led to extraordinary breakthroughs for children infected with and at risk for HIV