; and (D) addressing and ending the current humanitarian and human rights crisis affecting Burma’s Rohingya population and residents of the Rakhine, Kachin, and Shan states, including ethnic cleansing, extrajudicial killings, sexual and gender-based violence, and forced displacement. (6) Actions of the military of Burma, known as the Tatmadaw, including continuing assaults on personnel and territory controlled by armed ethnic organizations, military offenses immediately preceding the peace conference in Naypyitaw, and human rights abuses against noncombatant civilians in conflict areas, undermine confidence in establishing a credible nationwide cease-fire agreement to end Burma’s civil war. (7) The people of Burma continue to suffer from an ongoing civil war between the Tatmadaw and nearly 20 armed ethnic organizations. Any prospects for a full democracy in Burma are contingent on ending the civil war and finding a path toward national reconciliation between Burma’s Bamar majority and its various ethnic minorities. (8) Since 2011, over 98,000 people have been displaced in Kachin and northern Shan State over the escalating violence and instability, resulting in continued massive internal displacement, causing a massive humanitarian crisis, and continuing to undermine the trust necessary to achieve a durable, lasting peace, and disproportionately affecting the lives of innocent civilians and the thousands of internally displaced persons forced from their homes. According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, some 50 percent of these displaced persons are staying in areas beyond Government control where humanitarian access is limited. (9) In 2015, the nongovernmental campaign Global Witness found that, in 2014, the estimated value of official production of jade equated up to 48 percent of the official gross domestic product of Burma. However, because of corruption and a lack of transparency the economic gains of Burma are being pocketed by notorious leaders from the military