; (2) the United States should not trust Kim Jong Un and the leadership of North Korea to voluntarily and peacefully end its nuclear program as long as they continue to commit mass atrocities against the North Korean people; (3) no sanctions relief should be provided to North Korea until the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the lives of ordinary North Koreans are improving and the Kim family has made progress on North Korea’s deplorable human rights situation. (c) Limitation on waiver of sanctions The President may not waive, suspend, reduce, provide relief from, or otherwise limit the application of United States sanctions imposed with respect to North Korea until the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that North Korea— (1) has repudiated and ceased engaging in gross human rights abuses, including operation of slave-labor and political prisoner camps; (2) has established a disclosure and transparency process to identify crimes committed by the North Korean regime against its people; and (3) has issued a formal apology to the family of Otto Warmbier for the unlawful detention, torture, and murder of Otto Warmbier. (d) Appropriate congressional committees In this section, the term appropriate congressional committees means— (1) the congressional defense committees (as such term is defined in section 101 of title 10, United States Code); and (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.