; (K) a proposed plan for making necessary utility and grid upgrades, including economically sound and cybersecure information technology upgrades and employee training, and a plan for recovering the cost of the upgrades; (L) a description of utility, grid operator, or (if appropriate) competitive charging service providers, policies, and plans for accommodating the deployment of zero-emission vehicles, including— (i) rate structures or competitive charging or refueling service provisions and billing protocols for the charging or refueling of zero-emission vehicles; (ii) analysis of potential impacts to the grid; (iii) plans for using information technology or third-party aggregators— (I) to minimize the effects of charging on peak loads; (II) to enhance reliability; and (III) to provide other grid benefits; and (iv) plans for working with smart grid technologies or third-party aggregators for the purposes of smart charging and for allowing 2-way communication; (M) a plan for a sustainable business model that will ensure cost effective maintenance, operation, and expansion of the charging infrastructure or zero-emission vehicle-refueling infrastructure and charging or refueling services; (N) a deployment timeline; (O) a plan for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the plan, including metrics for assessing the success of the deployment and an approach to updating the plan, as appropriate