; (4) David Sneddon is fluent in the Korean language and was learning Mandarin, skills that could have been appealing to the Government of North Korea after Charles Jenkins left the country; (5) tensions between the United States and North Korea were heightened during the summer of 2004 due to recent approval of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 ( Public Law 108–333 ) that increased United States aid to refugees fleeing North Korea, prompting the Government of North Korea to issue a press release warning the United States to drop its hostile policy ; (6) David Sneddon’s disappearance fits a known pattern often seen in the abduction of foreigners by the Government of North Korea, including the fact that David disappeared the day before North Korea’s Liberation Day patriotic national holiday, and the Government of North Korea has a demonstrated history of provocations near dates it deems historically significant; (7) a well-reputed Japanese non-profit specializing in North Korean abductions shared with the United States its expert analysis in 2012 about information it stated was received from a reliable source that a United States university student largely matching David Sneddon’s description was taken from China by North Korean agents in August 2004; and (8) commentary published in the Wall Street Journal in 2013 cited experts looking at the Sneddon case who concluded that it is most probable that a U.S. national has been abducted to North Korea, and there is a strong possibility that North Korea kidnapped the American : Now, therefore, be it—