; (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (4) instruction on recognizing patterns of escalation and early warning signs of potential atrocity crimes or violence, including gender-based violence, and methods of conflict assessment, peacebuilding, mediation for prevention, early action and response, and transitional justice measures to address atrocity crimes. . 7. Report of the Director of National Intelligence The Director of National Intelligence is encouraged to include, in his or her annual (or more often as appropriate) unclassified testimony, accompanied by a classified annex, if necessary, to Congress on threats to United States national security— (1) a review of countries and regions at risk of atrocity crimes; and (2) whenever possible, specific mention of countries and regions at immediate risk of atrocity crimes, including most likely pathways to violence, specific risk factors, potential groups of perpetrators, and at-risk target groups. 8. Complex Crises Fund (a) Establishment There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund, which shall be known as the Complex Crises Fund (referred to in this section as the Fund ), to enable the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development to support programs and activities to prevent or respond to emerging or unforeseen foreign challenges and complex crises overseas, including potential atrocity crimes. (b) Purposes of assistance Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except section 620M of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ( 22 U.S.C. 2378d ), amounts in the Fund may be used to carry out the provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ( 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) to support programs and activities that— (1) mitigate or respond to emerging or unforeseen complex crises, including urgent humanitarian, political, social, justice, or economic challenges that threaten stability in any country or region