; or (B) a modification to, or a renewal of, a permit issued under this Act. (3) Beneficiation The term beneficiation means— (A) the crushing and grinding of locatable mineral ore; and (B) any processes that are employed to free the mineral from other constituents, including physical and chemical separation techniques. (4) Casual use (A) In general The term casual use means mineral activities that ordinarily result in no or negligible disturbance of Federal land or resources. (B) Inclusions The term casual use includes the collection of geochemical, rock, soil, or mineral specimens using hand tools, hand panning, or nonmotorized sluicing. (C) Exclusions The term casual use does not include— (i) the use of mechanized earth-moving equipment, suction dredging, or explosives; (ii) the use of motor vehicles in areas closed to off-road vehicles; (iii) the construction of roads or drill pads; or (iv) the use of toxic or hazardous materials or explosives. (5) Claim holder The term claim holder means a person holding a mining claim, millsite, or tunnel site that is— (A) located under the general mining laws; and (B) maintained in compliance with the general mining laws and this Act. (6) Control The term control means having the ability to determine the manner in which an entity conducts mineral activities. (7) Exploration (A) In general The term exploration means creating a surface disturbance (other than casual use) to evaluate the type, extent, quantity, or quality of minerals present. (B) Inclusions The term exploration includes mineral activities associated with sampling, drilling, or developing surface or underground workings to evaluate locatable mineral values. (C) Exclusions The term exploration does not include the extraction of mineral material for commercial use or sale. (8) Federal land The term Federal land means any land and any interest in land that is— (A) owned by the United States