1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Critical Access and Rural Equity Act of 2017 or the CARE Act of 2017 . 2. Clarifying reasonable costs for critical access hospital Medicare payments (a) Inclusion of certain costs as reasonable costs (1) Inpatient critical access hospital services Section 1814(l) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395f(l) ) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (6) In determining payment and reasonable costs under paragraph (1) for inpatient critical access services, the Secretary shall recognize as allowable costs of the critical access hospital at least the following: (A) Costs of services that would be considered bona fide emergency services (as defined in section 1861(v)(1)(K)(ii)) if provided in a hospital emergency room, including professional services and any associated surgical on-call and standby costs. (B) Costs of a test or procedure performed at a critical access hospital or an entity owned by the critical access hospital, including a clinical diagnostic laboratory test, mammogram (as defined in section 354(a)(5) of the Public Health Service Act), colonoscopy, cardiac stress test, pulmonary function test, echocardiogram, and bone density study. (C) Standby and on-call costs for certified registered nurse anesthetist services, regardless of the number of surgical procedures requiring anesthesia services and regardless of the number of full-time equivalent physicians. (D) Costs of services provided by the critical access hospital or satellite facility of the critical access hospital that improve the total health of communities, including immunization programs, health clinics, and medical homes. (E) Costs of services provided by an off-campus provider-based clinic described in section 1820(c)(2)(F) of the critical access hospital, regardless of distance of such clinic from a hospital or another critical access hospital. . (2) Outpatient critical access hospital services Section 1834(g) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395m(g) ) is amended by