human rights standards. (15) Asylum and refugee protection are critical last-resort protections for LGBTI individuals, but those who seek such protections face ostracization and abuse in refugee camps and detention facilities. They are frequently targeted for violence, including sexual assault, in refugee camps and in immigration detention. LGBTI individuals may be segregated against their will for long periods in solitary confinement, in an effort to protect them from such violence, but prolonged solitary confinement itself represents an additional form of abuse that is profoundly damaging to the social and psychological well-being of any individual. (16) The one-year filing deadline to apply for United States asylum also disproportionately impacts LGBTI individuals, as does the severe backlog in immigration cases that LGBTI individuals must endure. The lack of legal representation in asylum and refugee adjudication proceedings imposes an often insurmountable barrier to protection and durable resettlement. (17) In December 2011, President Barack Obama directed all Federal foreign affairs agencies to ensure that their diplomatic, humanitarian, health and foreign assistance programs take into account the needs of marginalized LGBTI communities and persons. (18) In 2015, the Department of State established the position of Special Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTI Persons. In 2017, the Trump Administration indicated to Congress that it will retain this position, which as of the date of the enactment of this Act has still not been filled. (19) The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief’s 2018 Annual Report to Congress states that In order to reach epidemic control, we must address the underlying social and cultural issues, especially unequal human rights and stigma and discrimination, that prevent people from accessing HIV prevention and treatment services . (20) The use of United States diplomatic tools, including the Department of State’s exchange and speaker programs, to address the human rights needs of