; 18.1 percent sexual orientation bias; 2.0 percent gender-identity bias; and 1.3 percent disability bias. (3) Out of the 56.9 percent of the single-bias incidents that were motivated by race reported to the FBI in 2015, 9.4 percent of these were classified as anti-Hispanic or Latino, and 3.3 percent of these single bias incidents had an anti-Asian bias. (4) Previous data from the FBI suggest that hate crimes against African Americans have seen a dramatic increase over the years. Such trends can be traced back to 2003, when hate crimes against African Americans were twice as much as all other race groups combined. (5) A 2015 study conducted by the Los Angeles County Commission on Human Relations notes that half of the hate crimes in Los Angeles County were racially motivated—58 percent of those attacks targeted the County’s African-American population, although they only constituted 4 percent of the county’s population. (6) Previous research suggests that Black males are also more vulnerable to violent victimization. Furthermore, data suggest that communities of color continue to be victims of hate crime violence. (7) The Los Angeles County Commission on Human Relations report found that the number of hate crimes targeting Asian and Pacific islanders tripled from six to eighteen since 2014. The same report notes that Anti-Latino hate crimes also rose from 36 in 2014 to 61 in 2015. (8) A study conducted by the Human Rights Campaign notes that out of the number of hate crimes committed against the transgender community from 2013–2015, at least 87 percent of victims were transgender people of color. (9) Only 16, or 30 percent, were killed in States that have hate crime laws that account for crimes motivated by the victim’s gender identity