; or (2) that, during a 12-month period, have an aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more. (b) Investment described An investment described in this subsection is an investment that directly and significantly contributes to the enhancement of the ability of the Russian Federation to construct energy export pipelines. (c) Goods, services, technology, information, or support described Goods, services, technology, information, or support described in this subsection are goods, services, technology, information, or support that could directly and significantly facilitate the maintenance or expansion of the construction, modernization, or repair of energy pipelines by the Russian Federation. 233. Sanctions with respect to investment in or facilitation of privatization of state-owned assets by the Russian Federation (a) In general The President shall impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in section 235 if the President determines that a person, with actual knowledge, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, makes an investment of $10,000,000 or more (or any combination of investments of not less than $1,000,000 each, which in the aggregate equals or exceeds $10,000,000 in any 12-month period), or facilitates such an investment, if the investment directly and significantly contributes to the ability of the Russian Federation to privatize state-owned assets in a manner that unjustly benefits— (1) officials of the Government of the Russian Federation; or (2) close associates or family members of those officials. (b) Application of new sanctions The President may waive the initial application of sanctions under subsection (a) with respect to a person only if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees— (1) a written determination that the waiver— (A) is in the vital national security interests of the United States; or (B) will further the enforcement of this title