; or (B) an individual in exchange for that individual using the services of that recovery home or clinical treatment facility; or (3) being a clinical service provider, or an officer or employee of a clinical service provider acting in the course of their employment, pay, solicit, or receive any remuneration (including any kickback, bribe, or rebate) directly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to a recovery home or clinical treatment facility, or to an officer or employee of a recovery home or clinical treatment facility, in exchange for referring an individual with a substance use disorder to a clinical service provider for clinical services. (b) Penalty Any person who violates subsection (a) shall be fined not more than $200,000, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both. (c) Applicability Subsection (a) shall not apply to— (1) a discount or other reduction in price obtained by a provider of services or other entity under a health care benefit program if the reduction in price is properly disclosed and appropriately reflected in the costs claimed or charges made by the provider or entity; (2) any amount paid by an employer to an employee (who has a bona fide employment relationship with such employer) for employment in the provision of covered items or services and the employee’s remuneration is not determined by the number of individuals referred to a particular recovery home or clinical treatment facility; (3) any amount paid by a vendor of goods or services to a person authorized to act as a purchasing agent for a group of individuals or entities who are furnishing services reimbursed if— (A) the person has a written contract, with each such individual or entity, which specifies the amount to be paid to the person, which amount may be a fixed amount or a fixed percentage of the value of the purchases made by each such individual or entity under the contract