bacteria which have infected humans and present an increased risk of acquiring and antibiotics resistant infection. (6) Antibiotic resistance is a crisis which threatens public health, the economy, and national security. (7) In 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that antibiotic-resistant infections cause at least 2 million infections, 23,000 deaths, 8 million additional hospital days, and $20 to $35 billion in excess direct health care costs each year in the United States. (8) The 2014 World Health Organization report, Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance 2014 , concluded that antimicrobial resistance is a current reality and the problem is so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine. (9) Without effective antibiotics— (A) common infections could become untreatable—even fatal