Whereas, on October 8, 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a report entitled Global Warming of 1.5 °C, an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty (referred to in this preamble as the IPCC report ) in response to an invitation from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Whereas the IPCC report was written by 91 authors and review editors from 40 countries, including the United States, and was reviewed by thousands of expert and government reviewers from around the world; Whereas, on November 23, 2018, the United States Global Change Research Program delivered its congressionally mandated Fourth Annual Climate Assessment report entitled Volume II: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States (referred to in this preamble as the NCA report ); Whereas the NCA report represents the findings of over 300 Federal and non-Federal experts and was reviewed by the 13 Federal agencies that comprise the United States Global Change Research Program; Whereas the IPCC report found that— (1) increases in global temperature above pre-industrial levels are overwhelmingly the result of anthropogenic sources of atmospheric carbon and other greenhouse gases; (2) the last 50-year period in the Northern Hemisphere had the warmest average temperature of any 50-year period in the last 500 years; (3) Earth is already experiencing the consequences of 1 degree Celsius warming above pre-industrial levels in the form of extreme weather, rising sea levels, longer and more severe droughts, diminishing Arctic sea ice, and diminished glacial and snow cover, among other impacts; (4) as the global temperature continues to rise, the impacts of a warming atmosphere increase in severity