the EU ban, antibiotic usage has decreased without affecting livestock production. (18) In 2010, the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration testified that the Danish ban of the nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in food-animal production resulted in a marked reduction in antimicrobial resistance in multiple bacterial species, including Campylobacter and Enterococci. (19) The experience in the Netherlands has shown that during the phaseout use indications for growth promotion were completely supplanted by disease prevention. Total antibiotic consumption remained constant. After the implementation of mandatory reduction targets and improved surveillance of usage practices antibiotic consumption declined ahead of target without impacting production levels. (20) In 2009, the Congressional Research Service concluded that without restrictions on the use of antimicrobial drugs in the production of livestock, export markets for livestock and poultry could be negatively impacted due to restrictions on the use of antibiotics in other nations. (21) The American Medical Association, the Infectious Disease Society of America, the American Public Health Association, the National Association of County and City Health Officials, and the National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition are among the over 400 organizations representing health, consumer, agricultural, environmental, humane, and other interests that have supported enactment of legislation to phaseout nontherapeutic use in farm animals of medically important antimicrobials. 3. Purpose The purpose of this Act is to preserve the effectiveness of medically important antimicrobials used in the treatment of human and animal diseases. 4. Proof of safety of medically important antimicrobials (a) Applications pending or submitted after enactment Section 512(d)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 360b(d)(1) ) is amended— (1) in the first sentence— (A) in subparagraph (H), by striking or at the end