; (B) pedestrian fatalities increased by more than 9 percent compared to 2014; and (C) pedalcyclist fatalities increased by more than 12 percent compared to 2014. (3) In 2015, the Secretary of Transportation created the Smart City Challenge to assist cities in addressing the challenges facing our Nation’s transportation system through innovative and creative means, utilizing both the public and the private sectors. (4) By asking American cities to use emerging transportation technologies to address their most pressing problems, the Smart City Challenge aimed to spark and spread innovation through a mixture of collaboration, competition, and experimentation. (5) The following outcomes were expected from the original Smart City Challenge and are expected to result from the SMART grants awarded under this Act: (A) Improved safety from the use of advanced technologies, including connected vehicle technologies, to reduce the number of collisions, fatalities, and injuries for vehicle occupants and nonvehicle occupants. (B) Enhanced mobility by providing realtime traveler information and emerging mobility services to improve personal mobility for all citizens including people with lower incomes, people with disabilities, and older adults. (C) Enhanced ladders of opportunity by— (i) providing access to advanced technology and its benefits for underserved areas and residents; (ii) increasing connectivity to employment, education, and other services