; and delaying treatment until their health care needs become more serious, complex, and costly. (6) Changing demographics (such as an aging population), new health care delivery models (such as medical homes), and other factors (such as disaster preparedness) are contributing to a shortage of both generalist and specialist physicians. (7) These shortages will have the most severe impact on vulnerable and underserved populations, including racial/ethnic minorities and the approximately 20 percent of Americans who live in rural or inner-city locations designated as health professional shortage areas. (8) The AAMC’s Health Care Utilization Equity model estimates that if racial and ethnic minorities and individuals from rural areas utilized health care in a similar way to their Caucasian counterparts living in metropolitan areas, the physician shortage would require an additional 96,000 physicians. (9) To address the physician shortage, medical education and training need to be accessible for students and physicians from all backgrounds. International graduates play an important role in U.S. health care, representing roughly 25 percent of the health care workforce. Immigration pathways like student, exchange-visitor, and employment visas, and programs like the National Interest Waiver and Conrad 30 J–1 Visa Waiver, help improve health access across the country. (10) United States medical schools have committed to and have initiated a 30 percent increase in enrollment by 2017 to help reduce the Nation’s shortage of quality physicians. (11) An increase in United States medical school graduates must be accompanied by an increase of 4,000 graduate medical education (GME) training positions each year. (12) Graduate medical education programs and teaching hospitals provide venues in which the next generation of physicians learns to work collaboratively with other physicians and health professionals, adopt more efficient care delivery models (such as care coordination and medical homes), incorporate health information