; and (9) credible deterrence requires steadfast cooperation and joint action with NATO allies and partners and other United States allies and partners in Europe. 3. Strategy to counter threats by the Russian Federation (a) Strategy required The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with each of the Secretaries of the military departments, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the commanders of each of the regional and functional combatant commands, shall develop and implement a comprehensive strategy to counter threats by the Russian Federation. (b) Report required (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the strategy required by subsection (a). (2) Elements The report required by this subsection shall include the following elements: (A) An evaluation of strategic objectives and motivations of the Russian Federation. (B) A detailed description of Russian threats to the national security of the United States, including threats that may pose challenges below the threshold of armed conflict. (C) A discussion of how the strategy complements the National Defense Strategy and the National Military Strategy. (D) A discussion of the ends, ways, and means inherent to the strategy. (E) A discussion of the strategy’s objectives with respect to deterrence, escalation control, and conflict resolution. (F) A description of the military activities across geographic regions and military functions and domains that are inherent to the strategy. (G) A description of the posture, forward presence, and readiness requirements inherent to the strategy. (H) A description of the roles of the United States Armed Forces in implementing the strategy, including— (i) the role of United States nuclear capabilities; (ii) the role of United States space capabilities; (iii) the role of United States cyber capabilities; (iv) the role of United States conventional ground forces; (v) the role of United States naval forces