; (B) willfully failing to provide complete or updated beneficial ownership information to a State or formation agent; (C) knowingly disclosing the existence of a subpoena or summons (or the equivalent of a subpoena or summons) or a request for beneficial ownership information described in subsection (a)(1)(D), except— (i) to the extent necessary to fulfill the authorized request; or (ii) as authorized by the entity that issued the request described in subsection (a)(1)(D); or (D) in the case of a formation agent, knowingly failing to obtain or maintain credible, legible, and updated beneficial ownership information, including any required identifying photograph. (2) Civil and criminal penalties In addition to any civil or criminal penalty that may be imposed by a State, any person who violates paragraph (1)— (A) shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty of not more than $1,000,000; and (B) may be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned for not more than 3 years, or both. (c) Rules (1) In general To carry out this subpart, the Attorney General of the United States, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Secretary of the Treasury may issue joint guidance or a joint rule to specify how to verify beneficial ownership or other identification information provided under this section, including under subsection (a)(2). (2) Limitation Any guidance or rule issued under paragraph (1)— (A) may explain and clarify the definition of the term beneficial owner