; in 2015, Latinos and Hispanics made up 18 percent of the United States population and 24 percent of new infections. (6) Though the rate of new infections among American Indians and Alaska Natives (referred to in this section as AI/AN ) is proportional to their population size, from 2005 to 2014, the annual number of HIV diagnoses increased 19 percent among AI/AN overall and 63 percent among AI/AN gay and bisexual men. (7) Asian Americans account for about 2 percent of new HIV infections, but in 2013, 22 percent were undiagnosed, the highest rate of undiagnosed HIV among any race or ethnicity. (8) The latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 indicate that new infections among women declined 20 percent. (9) The history of HIV shows that culturally relevant and gender-responsive supportive services, including psychosocial support, treatment literacy, case management, and transportation are necessary strategies to reach and engage women and girls in medical care. (10) The limited data available on transgender individuals point to a disproportionate burden of HIV infection. (11) Stigma and discrimination contribute to such disparities. (12) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has determined that increasing the proportion of people who know their HIV status is an essential component of comprehensive HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention efforts and that early diagnosis is critical in order for people with HIV/AIDS to receive life-extending therapy. Additionally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend routine HIV screening in health care settings for all patients aged 13 to 64, regardless of risk. (13) In 1998, Congress created the National Minority AIDS Initiative to provide technical assistance, build capacity, and strengthen outreach efforts among local institutions and community-based organizations that serve racial and ethnic minorities living with or vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. (14) To combat the HIV epidemic in the United States, the National HIV/AIDS Strategy