; (9) although many local jurisdictions have attempted to respond to the challenges posed by such violence, the problem is sufficiently serious, widespread, and interstate in scope to warrant Federal intervention to assist such jurisdictions; and (10) many States have no laws addressing violence based on the actual or perceived race, color, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, gender, or disability, of the victim, while other States have laws that provide only limited protection. 3. Definition of hate crime In this Act, the term hate crime has the same meaning as in section 280003(a) of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 ( 28 U.S.C. 994 note). 4. Prohibition of certain acts of violence Section 245 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following: (c) (1) Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, willfully causes bodily injury to any person or, through the use of fire, a firearm, or an explosive device, attempts to cause bodily injury to any person, because of the actual or perceived race, color, religion, or national origin of any person— (A) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, or fined in accordance with this title, or both; and (B) shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or fined in accordance with this title, or both if— (i) death results from the acts committed in violation of this paragraph