; and (3) to understand the biological mechanisms used to transform, immobilize, or remove contaminants from subsurface environments. (c) Bioenergy research centers (1) In general In carrying out activities under subsection (a), the Director shall select and establish up to 4 bioenergy research centers to conduct basic and fundamental research in plant and microbial systems biology, bio imaging and analysis, and genomics to inform the production of fuels, chemicals from sustainable biomass resources, and to facilitate the translation of basic research results to industry. (2) Selection The Director shall select centers under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director shall consider applications from National Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities. (3) Duration A center established under this subsection shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations. (4) Existing centers The Director may select a center for participation under this subsection that is in existence, or undergoing a renewal process, on the date of enactment of this Act. Such center shall be eligible to receive support for the duration the 5-year period beginning on the date of establishment of such center. (5) Renewal Upon the expiration of any period of support of a center under this subsection, the Director may renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years. (6) Termination Consistent with the existing authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an underperforming center for cause during the performance period. (d) Low-Dose radiation research program (1) In general Subtitle G of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16311 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 977 the following new section: 977A. Low-dose radiation research program (a) In general The Secretary shall carry out a basic research program on low-dose radiation to— (1) enhance