its long-standing leadership in advanced manufacturing technologies with Federal investments in manufacturing research and development, education, and workforce training. (5) There has always been a strong connection between domestic manufacturing and national defense and homeland security. A strong and innovative manufacturing industry will maintain the superiority of the United States military and will allow for an unquestionable ability to respond quickly to threats and catastrophes. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Agency The term agency has the meaning given that term in section 551 of title 5, United States Code. (2) Institution of higher education The term institution of higher education has the meaning given that term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 ). (3) Nonprofit organization The term nonprofit organization means an organization that is described under section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code. (4) State The term State means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, each commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States, and each federally recognized Indian tribe. (5) State educational agency The term State educational agency has the meaning given that term in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act ( 20 U.S.C. 7801 ). 4. United States Chief Manufacturing Officer (a) Appointment (1) In general Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall appoint a United States Chief Manufacturing Officer (referred to in this section as the Chief Manufacturing Officer ). (2) Qualifications The President shall select the Chief Manufacturing Officer from among individuals who have basic qualifications and expertise in manufacturing technology and policy. (3) Reporting The position of Chief Manufacturing Officer shall be in the Executive Office of the President and shall report to the President through the Chief of Staff. (4) National