; (ii) flood and coastal storm protection; (iii) clean air; (iv) a source of food, fiber, medicines, and pollination of the crops and other plants of the United States; (v) outdoor recreation, which is a source of jobs and economic stimulus; (vi) hunting and fishing opportunities and support for subsistence communities; (vii) opportunities for scientific research and education; (viii) world-class tourism destinations that support local economies; and (ix) sequestration and storage of carbon to help mitigate changes to the global climate system; (B) the United States Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other agencies within the United States Global Change Research Program have observed that the fish, wildlife, and plants of the United States are facing increasing risks from changing patterns of extreme weather and climate, including— (i) severe droughts and heatwaves; (ii) severe storms and floods; (iii) frequent and severe wildfires; (iv) more frequent and severe outbreaks of forest pests and invasive species; (v) flooding and erosion of coastal areas due to rising sea levels; (vi) melting glaciers and sea ice; (vii) thawing permafrost; (viii) shifting distributions of fish, wildlife, and plant populations; (ix) disruptive shifts in the timing of fish, wildlife, and plant natural history cycles, such as blooming, breeding, and seasonal migrations; (x) increasing ocean temperatures and acidification; (xi) altered patterns of rain, snow, runoff, and streamflow; and (xii) habitat loss, degradation, fragmentation, and movement