; (7) on May 6, 1942, the resistance reached its limitations after a weeklong siege and Lieutenant General Wainwright, as authorized by President Roosevelt, surrendered the remaining 11,000 troops on Corregidor Island; (8) on May 10, 1942, the only remaining resistance force in the archipelago, under the command of Major General William F. Sharp, surrendered after fighting the Japanese from April 29, 1942, to May 9, 1942, on the island of Mindanao, at which point Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright, as Supreme Allied Commander, surrendered all Allied Forces in the Philippine archipelago; (9) within the first 40 days 1,600 more United States prisoners died at Camp O’Donnell, a pre-war training camp turned prisoner of war camp, which had substandard conditions, leading to increased disease and malnutrition among the prisoners; (10) in May 1942, the Japanese began transferring prisoners of war by sea to Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Manchuria, Sumatra, Burma, and Siam; (11) during the transfer, prisoners were crammed into cargo holds with little air, food or water for journeys that would last for weeks on what were to be known as the hell ships; (12) many died due to asphyxia, starvation, or dysentery and some prisoners became delirious and unresponsive in an environment of heat, humidity and lack of oxygen, food, and water; (13) estimates of more than 126,000 Allied prisoners of war were transported in 156 voyages on 134 Japanese merchant ships, of whom more than 21,000 people of the United States were killed or injured; (14) on June 6, 1942, 6,000 United States prisoners of war were transferred to Cabanatuan, north of Camp O’Donnell, where they were assigned to work details and hard labor and where 3,000 members of the Armed Forces died from disease, starvation, beatings, and executions; (15) the campus of the University of Santo Tomás in Manila was converted to the Santo Tomás Internment Camp by the Japanese during their occupation of the Philippines, from January 1942 until February 1945