; 85 Stat. 778), coordinated and comprehensive research has raised the 5-year survival rates for breast cancer to 90 percent, for prostate cancer to 99 percent, and for colon cancer to 64 percent. (4) The 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is still only 18 percent, and a similar coordinated and comprehensive research effort is required to achieve increases in lung cancer survivability rates. (5) Sixty percent of lung cancer cases are now diagnosed in nonsmokers or former smokers. (6) Two-thirds of nonsmokers diagnosed with lung cancer are women. (7) Certain minority populations, such as African-American males, have disproportionately high rates of lung cancer incidence and mortality, despite their smoking rate being similar to other racial groups. (8) Members of the Baby Boomer Generation are entering their 60s, the most common age at which people develop lung cancer. (9) Tobacco addiction and exposure to other lung cancer carcinogens such as Agent Orange and other herbicides and battlefield emissions are serious problems among military personnel and war veterans. (10) Significant and rapid improvements in lung cancer mortality can be expected through greater use and access to lung cancer screening tests for at-risk individuals. (11) Recent research has shown that screening with low-dose computed tomography scan reduced lung cancer death mortality by 20 percent for those with a high risk of lung cancer through early detection. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services supports annual lung cancer screening for high-risk patients with low-dose computed tomography. (12) Additional strategies are necessary to further enhance the existing tests and therapies available to diagnose and treat lung cancer in the future. (13) The August 2001 Report of the Lung Cancer Progress Review Group of the National Cancer Institute stated that funding for lung cancer research was far below the levels characterized for other common malignancies and far out of proportion to its massive health impact . (14) The Report of the Lung