; (B) an event data recorder; and (C) an electronic stability control system, as defined in section 571.136 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act); and (2) amending part 383 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to require not less than 30 hours of behind-the-wheel instruction for operators of school buses, which shall be accrued on public roads. (c) Obstructive sleep apnea Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration shall complete the rulemaking process and publish a final rule with respect to the advance notice of proposed rulemaking entitled Evaluation of Safety Sensitive Personnel for Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (81 Fed. Reg. 12642 (March 10, 2016)). (d) Effective date The standards prescribed or amendments made pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) shall apply with respect to school buses manufactured in, or imported into, the United States on or after the date that is 1 year after the date on which the Secretary issues the rules required under the applicable subsection. 4. Studies (a) Motion-Activated detection systems (1) In general Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (referred to in this section as the Administrator ) shall complete a study with respect to the benefits of requiring school buses manufactured in, or imported into, the United States to be equipped with a motion-activated detection system that is capable of— (A) detecting pedestrians located near the exterior of the school bus