; (B) foreign financial institutions provided correspondent banking services to North Korean persons and front companies for illicit purposes; (C) foreign companies violated sanctions by maintaining links with North Korean financial institutions; and (D) North Korea generated at least $270 million during the reporting period through the violation of sectoral sanctions. (5) North Korean entities engage in significant financial transactions through foreign bank accounts that are maintained by non-North Korean nationals, thereby masking account users’ identity in order to access financial services. (6) North Korea’s sixth nuclear test on September 3, 2017, demonstrated an estimated explosive power more than 100 times greater than that generated by its first nuclear test in 2006. (7) North Korea has successfully tested submarine-launched and intercontinental ballistic missiles, and is rapidly progressing in its development of a nuclear-armed missile that is capable of reaching United States territory. 3. Conditions with respect to certain accounts and transactions at United States financial institutions (a) Correspondent and payable-Through accounts held by foreign financial institutions (1) In general Not later than 45 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe regulations to prohibit, or impose strict conditions on, the opening or maintaining in the United States of a correspondent account or a payable-through account by a foreign financial institution that the Secretary finds knowingly facilitates a significant transaction or transactions or provides significant financial services for a covered person. (2) Penalties (A) Civil penalty A person who violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of regulations prescribed under this subsection shall be subject to a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed the greater of— (i) $250,000