; and (7) make investigations and inquiries and administer to or take from any person an oath, affirmation, or affidavit concerning any matter relating to the enforcement of this chapter. (b) Review of agency action Any applicant or licensee that makes a timely request for review of an adverse action pursuant to paragraph (1), (3), (5), or (6) of subsection (a) shall be entitled to adjudication by the Secretary on the record after an opportunity for any agency hearing with respect to such adverse action. Any final action by the Secretary under this subsection shall be subject to judicial review under chapter 7 of title 5. 60124. Authorization to conduct nongovernmental Earth observation activities (a) Requirement No person may conduct any nongovernmental Earth observation activity without an authorization issued under this subchapter. (b) Waivers (1) In general The Secretary may waive a requirement under this subchapter for a nongovernmental Earth observation activity, or for a type or class of nongovernmental Earth observation activities, if the Secretary decides that granting a waiver is consistent with section 60121. (2) Standards Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of the Space Frontier Act of 2018 , the Secretary shall establish standards for determining the de minimis Earth observation activities that would be eligible for a waiver under paragraph (1). (c) Application (1) In general A person seeking an authorization under this subchapter shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require for the purposes described in section 60121, including— (A) a description of the proposed Earth observation activity, including— (i) a physical and functional description of each space object; (ii) the orbital characteristics of each space object, including altitude, inclination, orbital period, and estimated operational lifetime