; and (3) shall be affordable as to not preclude a robust portfolio of other human space exploration activities. 5. International Space Station (a) Authorized operations The International Space Station, as long as it is safe and functional, shall operate through at least September 30, 2030, or until a demonstrated and sustainable lower cost alternative low-Earth orbit platform can achieve the mission objectives of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, including but not limited to: (1) Conducting scientific, exploration and human research programs to extend our human presence beyond low-Earth orbit. (2) Benefiting life on Earth. (3) Increasing U.S. economic competitiveness and commercial participation. (b) Authorized ISS activities The International Space Station shall continue scientific and research programs and serve as a testbed to enable and advance technology development and space operations capabilities for deep space exploration and to foster and encourage commercial activities in low-Earth orbit. (c) Commercial capabilities In order to facilitate the growth of commercial participants and activities, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall work with the private sector to develop commercial capabilities in low-Earth orbit that can achieve the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s objectives. By December 31, 2024, NASA or a partner organization should attempt to achieve the following: (1) A product produced or manufactured aboard the ISS or in low-Earth orbit by a private entity has been successfully marketed and sold. (2) Any U.S. non-governmental user of the ISS has paid some or all of the costs of payload integration or transportation to the ISS. (3) A non-NASA, U.S. government customer flies a scientific or research payload on board the ISS. (4) The United States flight of a crew member aboard the ISS on a commercial basis wherein their time is available for purchase by ISS users. (5) A non-U.S. entity, not currently covered by the ISS Intergovernmental Agreement,