; (3) a third party acting on behalf of a student of a postsecondary educational institution; or (4) a staff member or employee of a postsecondary educational institution. . 7. Improved determination of cohort default rates; publication of default prevention plan Section 435 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1085 ) is amended— (1) in subsection (a)— (A) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: (D) In any case where the Secretary has determined that the institution has engaged in default manipulation, the Secretary— (i) shall recalculate the cohort default rate for the institution under this section using corrected data and information, for all fiscal years for which the default manipulation has occurred; and (ii) using the recalculated cohort default rate, shall redetermine under subsection (a)(2) whether the institution is ineligible to participate in a program under this title. ; and (B) in paragraph (7)(A), by adding at the end the following new clause: (iii) Summary of default prevention plan Upon receiving technical assistance from the Secretary under clause (ii), each institution subject to this subparagraph shall— (I) prepare a summary of the plan described under clause (i) that is directed to a student audience; (II) make the summary publicly available; and (III) provide the summary to students at the institution. ; and (2) in subsection (m)(3), by striking through the use of and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting through default manipulation . 8. Amendments to terms and conditions of borrower defenses Section 455(h) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1087e(h) ) is amended to read as follows: (h) Borrower Defenses (1) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of State or Federal law, a defense to repayment of a loan under this title includes— (A) a substantial misrepresentation under section 487(c)(3); (B) an act or omission that would give rise to a cause of action against the school under applicable State law