; and (2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: (D) Models of negotiating drug and biological prices to improve value The models described in this subparagraph are the following models for negotiating drug and biological prices under the applicable titles (including under both parts B and D of title XVIII) in order to improve the value of payments for such drugs and biologicals under such titles: (i) Discounting or eliminating patient cost-sharing on high-value drugs and biologicals. (ii) Value-based formularies. (iii) Indications-based pricing. (iv) Reference pricing. (v) Risk-sharing agreements based on outcomes. (vi) Pricing based on comparative effectiveness research. (vii) Episode-based payments for chemotherapy and other conditions determined appropriate by the Secretary. .