; or (2) the collection of biological samples to further the well-being of an individual nonhuman primate or a social group of nonhuman primates. 6. Standing committee (a) Establishment Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall convene a standing committee to assess proposals for new nonhuman primate research, in accordance with the criteria described in subsection (c). (b) Composition (1) Definition of advanced expertise in nonanimal research methods In this subsection, the term advanced expertise in nonanimal research methods , with respect to an individual, means that not less than 50 percent of the body of work of the individual is completed using nonanimal research methodologies. (2) Requirements With respect to the membership of the standing committee— (A) 1/4 shall be Federal employees of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Veterans Affairs, or the Department of Defense; (B) 1/4 shall be ethologists or other individuals who have expertise in the behavioral and psychological needs of nonhuman primates, but do not use or directly benefit from the use of nonhuman primates in invasive experimentation; (C) 1/4 shall be individuals who have advanced expertise in nonanimal research methods; (D) 1/8 shall be clinicians actively treating human patients; and (E) 1/8 shall be individuals who represent the interests of the nonhuman primates. (c) Criteria for approval of research The standing committee may not approve any nonhuman primate research unless— (1) the standing committee determines that— (A) the research is for the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of debilitating or life-threatening clinical conditions in human beings; (B) no alternative research method exists; and (C) the nonhuman primates will be housed in an ethologically appropriate environment