; and (ii) a discussion of— (I) the costs and benefits of alternatives considered by the agency under subsection (b)(4); (II) whether the alternatives considered by the agency under subsection (b)(4) meet relevant statutory objectives; and (III) the reasons why the agency did not propose an alternative considered by the agency under subsection (b)(4). (2) Accessibility (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), not later than the date on which an agency publishes a notice of proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1), all studies, models, scientific literature, and other information developed or relied upon by the agency, and actions taken by the agency to obtain that information, in connection with the determination of the agency to propose the rule that is the subject of the rulemaking shall be placed in the docket for the proposed rule and made accessible to the public. (B) Exception Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to information that is exempt from disclosure under section 552(b). (3) Information quality If an agency proposes a rule that rests upon scientific, technical, or economic information, the agency shall propose the rule on the basis of the best reasonably available scientific, technical, or economic information. (4) Public comment (A) In general After publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1), an agency shall provide interested persons an opportunity to participate in the rulemaking through the submission of written material, data, views, or arguments with or without opportunity for oral presentation, except that— (i) if a public hearing is convened under subsection (e), reasonable opportunity for oral presentation shall be provided at the public hearing as provided in subsection (e); and (ii) when, other than as provided in subsection (e), a rule is required by statute to be made on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing— (I) sections 556 and 557 shall apply