of male or female Vietnamese or Vietnamese-Americans connected with their exposure, or their parent’s or grandparent’s exposure. (11) The Institute of Medicine for the past several years has noted that it is considerably more plausible than previously believed that exposure to the herbicides sprayed in Vietnam might have caused paternally mediated transgenerational effects … attributable to the TCCD contaminant in Agent Orange. . In recent years, scientific studies have identified likely epigenetic links between exposure to toxins and birth defects and developmental disorders in subsequent generations. Some of the children and grandchildren of exposed persons (Americans, Vietnamese, and Vietnamese-Americans) who were in southern Vietnam during the Vietnam era likely suffer from disorders, birth defects, and illnesses related to Agent Orange. (12) Dating back to 2007, the United States has engaged in environmental remediation of contamination at the Da Nang and Bien Hoa airports, and provided funds for public health and disabilities activities for individuals residing in some affected areas. (13) April 30, 2017, is the 42th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. (b) Purpose It is the purpose of this Act to address and remediate the ongoing problems and concerns that arose or will arise from the use of Agent Orange during the Vietnam era. 3. Assistance for individuals affected by health issues related to exposure to Agent Orange (a) For covered individuals The Secretary of State shall provide assistance to address the health care needs of covered individuals. Such assistance shall include the provision of medical and chronic care services, nursing services, vocational employment training, and medical equipment. (b) For caregivers The Secretary of State shall provide assistance to institutions in Vietnam that provide health care for covered individuals. Such assistance shall include— (1) medicines and medical equipment