; (9) the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by other countries benefits the United States by reducing climate risks to the United States, and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by the United States benefits other countries; (10) in light of the global nature of the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, the interests of the United States would be maximized if the United States were to use a calculation method of the cost of climate pollution that reflects global damages; (11) due to the nature of climate change risks, the returns on mitigation may pay off in periods that would otherwise involve substantial losses; (12) economic theory and evidence suggests that, for actions with intergenerational consequences such as the consequences of climate change, a discount rate approximately equal to or less than the long-term yield on the debt of the Treasury of the United States may be appropriate; and (13) it is imperative that the academic community continue research on the cost of greenhouse gases. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Calculation method The term calculation method means the method by which the costs of greenhouse gases are calculated in accordance with subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 4, respectively. (2) Committee The term Committee means the Costs of Greenhouse Gases Scientific Review Committee established under section 7(a). (3) Costs of greenhouse gases (A) In general The term costs of greenhouse gases means the monetized present discounted values, in dollars, of the current and future net costs to society that result from— (i) 1 ton of emissions of a specific greenhouse gas in a specific year, including damage relating to— (I) a change in net agricultural productivity; (II) energy use; (III) human health; (IV) property damage from increased flood risk and sea level rise; and (V) to the maximum extent practicable, the value of the effect on ecosystem services due to climate change