; and (2) subject to section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Freedom of Information Act ), to the same extent as if the record was maintained by an agency. (c) Withholding of information An agency may not withhold information that would otherwise be required to be disclosed under subsection (b) unless— (1) the agency, based on the independent assessment of the agency, reasonably foresees that disclosure of the information would cause specific identifiable harm to an interest protected by an exemption from disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code; or (2) disclosure of the information is prohibited by law. (d) Regulations (1) In general An agency may promulgate regulations or guidance to ensure compliance with this section by the agency and Federal contractors. (2) Compliance by Federal contractors (A) In general Compliance with this section by an applicable entity shall be included as a material term in any contract, agreement, or renewal of a contract or agreement between the agency and the Federal contractor. (B) Modification of contract or agreement Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, an agency shall secure a modification to include compliance with this section by a Federal contractor as a material term in any contract or agreement described under subparagraph (A) that will not otherwise be renegotiated, renewed, or modified before the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act. (e) Rule of construction Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or reduce the scope of State or local open records laws. 632. Public disclosure by large contractors (a) Definition In this section, the term covered contractor means an entity that earns more than— (1) $10,000,000 during a 1-year period under a Federal contract or license