a pardon or an order from the Governor or an action by the parole or pardon board, depending on the offense and State. Individuals convicted of a Federal offense often have additional barriers to regaining voting rights. (10) State disenfranchisement laws disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. More than 7 percent of the voting-age African-American population, or 2,200,000 African-Americans, are disenfranchised. Currently, 1 of every 13 African-Americans are rendered unable to vote because of felony disenfranchisement, which is a rate more than 4 times greater than non-African-Americans. 7.4 percent of African-Americans are disenfranchised whereas only 1.8 percent of non-African-Americans are. As of 2016, in 4 States—Florida (23 percent), Kentucky (22 percent), Tennessee (21 percent), and Virginia (20 percent)—more than 1 in 5 African-Americans were unable to vote because of prior convictions. (11) Latino citizens are disproportionately disenfranchised based upon their disproportionate representation in the criminal justice system. If current incarceration trends hold, 17 percent of Latino men will be incarcerated during their lifetimes, in contrast to less than 6 percent of non-Latino White men. When analyzing the data across 10 States, Latinos generally have disproportionately higher rates of disenfranchisement compared to their presence in the voting age population. In 6 out of 10 States studied in 2003, Latinos constitute more than 10 percent of the total number of persons disenfranchised by State felony laws. In 4 States (California, 37 percent