; (5) in January 2017, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a final determination to maintain the existing greenhouse gas emissions standards for vehicles of model years 2022 through 2025, as prescribed by the final rule described in paragraph (2)(A), noting that the standards could have been strengthened but were not, in order to ensure certainty for the automobile manufacturers; (6) the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration— (A) as of the date of enactment of this Act, is assessing the augural standards described in paragraph (2)(B)(ii); and (B) will conduct a rulemaking to prescribe final standards for vehicles of model years 2022 through 2025; and (7) on April 2, 2018, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a final determination entitled Mid-term Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Model Year 2022-2025 Light-duty Vehicles , which— (A) rejected an extensive technical record that— (i) includes more than 2,000 pages; and (ii) was created through— (I) a research period of 8 years; (II) a review of several hundred published reports; (III) hundreds of stakeholder meetings; and (IV) multiple opportunities for public comment; (B) failed— (i) to take into consideration extensive peer-reviewed publications, including from the technical staff of the Environmental Protection Agency, demonstrating the ability of automobile manufacturers to meet the standards described in paragraph (2) through model year 2025; and (ii) to provide evidence to refute the findings contained in the final determination of the Environmental Protection Agency entitled Final Determination on the Appropriateness of the Model Year 2022-2025 Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards under the Midterm Evaluation and dated January 12, 2017, that— (I) automobile manufacturers are well positioned, and have a wide range of technology pathways available, to meet the standards described in paragraph (2) at lower costs than previously estimated