shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on actions taken by the United States to reaffirm and strengthen Taiwan's international alliances around the world. (b) Elements Each report required by subsection (a) shall include the following elements: (1) A description of the actions taken by the Secretary of State, or designees of the Secretary, effective May 20, 2016, to consult with governments around the world, including the governments that maintain official diplomatic relations with Taiwan, with the purpose of inducing those governments to maintain official diplomatic relations with Taiwan or otherwise strengthen unofficial relations with Taiwan. (2) An enumeration of specific countries of concern, if any, and a description of the actions taken, or actions anticipated, by those governments, commencing May 20, 2016, to alter the formal diplomatic ties with Taiwan or to otherwise downgrade official or unofficial relations. (3) A plan of action to engage with the governments of the countries identified in paragraphs (1) and (2) and increase cooperation with respect to Taiwan. (c) Form of report Each report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex. 4. Authorization to consider modification of United States diplomatic presence with nations taking actions to undermine Taiwan (a) In general The Secretary of State may consider taking such action to modify United States diplomatic presence as necessary and appropriate to provide incentives to countries considering or taking steps to alter or downgrade official or unofficial ties with Taiwan. (b) Actions included Actions described in subsection (a) may include— (1) supplementing or reducing the appropriate diplomatic presence in the United States of countries identified pursuant to section 3 as having taken, or anticipating, actions to alter formal diplomatic ties with Taiwan or otherwise downgrade relations