any person. (b) For purposes of subsection (a), human rights violation or war crime means genocide, incitement to genocide, war crimes, torture, female genital mutilation, extrajudicial killing under color of foreign law, persecution, particularly severe violation of religious freedom by a foreign government official, or the use or recruitment of child soldiers. (c) For purposes of subsection (b), (1) genocide means conduct described in section 1091(a) of chapter 50A of this title, (2) incitement to genocide means conduct described in section 1091(c) of chapter 50A of this title, (3) war crimes means conduct described in subsections (c) and (d) of section 2441 of chapter 118 of this title, (4) torture means conduct described in subsections (1) and (2) of section 2340 of chapter 113C of this title, (5) female genital mutilation means conduct described in section 116 of chapter 7 of this title, (6) extrajudicial killing under color of foreign law means conduct specified in section 1182(a)(3)(E)(iii) of chapter 12 of title 8 of the United States Code, (7) persecution means conduct that is a bar to relief under section 1158(b)(2)(A)(i) of chapter 12 of title 8 of the United States Code, (8) particularly severe violation of religious freedom means conduct described in section 6402(13) of chapter 73 of title 22 of the United States Code, and (9) use or recruitment of child soldiers means conduct described in subsections (a) and (d) of section 2442 of chapter 118 of this title. . (b) Effective date The amendment made by this section shall apply to fraudulent conduct, misrepresentations, concealments, and fraudulent, fictitious, or false statements made or committed before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act. 508. Criminal detention of aliens to protect public safety (a) In general Section 3142(e) of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: (e) Detention (1) In general If, after a hearing pursuant to the provisions of subsection (f), the judicial officer finds that no condition or