; (4) as the global temperature continues to rise, the impacts of a warming atmosphere increase in severity; (5) the difference between warming of 1.5 degrees Celsius and 2 degrees Celsius is substantial, and limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius is affordable, feasible, and necessary to protect people from the worst impacts of climate change, including extreme heat, drought, floods, and increased poverty and instability; (6) compared to warming of 1.5 degrees Celsius, warming at or above 2 degrees Celsius could— (A) result in a global sea level rise of an additional 10 centimeters and substantially more summers without Arctic sea ice; (B) worsen impacts to terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and marine ecosystems; and (C) increase the risk of species loss and extinctions; (7) warming at or above 2 degrees Celsius could also lead to— (A) a loss of greater than 99 percent of all coral reefs on Earth; and (B) mass migration from regions most affected by atmospheric changes; (8) at a rise in temperature of 1.5 degrees Celsius, the global population exposed to water stress could be 50 percent lower than if the global temperature rises by 2 degrees Celsius; (9) the number of people exposed to extreme heat waves would rise substantially with an increase in global temperature of 2 degrees Celsius rather than 1.5 degrees Celsius; (10) at current rates of greenhouse gas emissions, Earth will warm by 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2040; and (11) to avoid the effects of a rise in global temperature of 1.5 degrees Celsius by 2040, net global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 45 percent below 2010 levels by 2030 and 100 percent below 2010 levels by 2050; Whereas the NCA report found that, in the United States— (1) rising sea levels caused by a changing climate already threaten infrastructure and ecosystems; and (2) warming at or above 2 degrees Celsius will cause— (A) over $500,000,000,000 annually in lost economic output from crop failure, lost labor, and damages related to extreme weather