Standard of review In any action brought under subsection (b), the standard of review shall be de novo. 153. Effective date This chapter shall apply to any Act of Congress, Presidential directive, adjudicative decision, rule, or regulation, change to an existing Presidential directive, adjudicative decision, rule, or regulation, enacted or promulgated on or after the date that is 90 days after the date of enactment of this chapter. . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of chapters for title 1, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 2 the following: 2A. Separation of powers 151 . 5. Severability clause If any provision of this Act or an amendment made by this Act, or the application of a provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be invalid for any reason in any court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this Act and amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions and amendment to any other person or circumstance, shall not be affected.