; and (2) the results of the review conducted under subsection (b). 45. Electromagnetic spectrum research and development The Administrator shall develop a program to research the use of spectrum in the civil aviation domain, including aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems. This research shall, at a minimum, address— (1) how, operating within an Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management system, unmanned aircraft systems can safely use, for control link, tracking, diagnostics, payload communication, collaborative-collision avoidance (e.g. vehicle-to-vehicle communications), and other purposes— (A) aviation-protected spectrum; (B) commercial communications networks, such as mobile communications networks; and (C) any other licensed or unlicensed spectrum; (2) how the reallocation of spectrum assigned for use within frequency bands adjacent to those allocated for position, navigation, and timing may impact the safety of civil aviation; and (3) measures to protect and mitigate against spectrum interference in frequency bands used by the civil aviation community to ensure public safety.