; or (2) any other aircraft operation approved by the Administrator with similar risk characteristics or profiles. (c) Safety criteria for consideration In determining whether a proposed operation meets the standards described in subsection (b), the Administrator shall consider the following safety criteria: (1) The kinetic energy of the unmanned aircraft system. (2) The location of the proposed operation, including the proximity to— (A) structures; (B) congested areas; (C) special-use airspace; and (D) persons on the ground. (3) The nature of the operation, including any proposed risk mitigation. (4) Any known hazard of the proposed operation and the severity and likelihood of such hazard. (5) Any known failure modes of the unmanned aircraft system, failure mode effects and criticality, and any mitigating features or capabilities. (6) The operational history of relevant technologies, if available. (7) Any history of civil penalties or certificate actions by the Administrator against the applicant seeking the permit. (8) Any other safety criteria the Administrator considers appropriate. (d) Application An application under this section shall include evidence that the unmanned aircraft system and the proposed operation thereof meet the standards described in subsection (b) based on the criteria described in subsection (c). (e) Scope of permit A permit issued under this section shall— (1) be valid for 5 years; (2) constitute approval of both the airworthiness of the unmanned aircraft system and the proposed operation of such system; (3) be renewable for additional 5-year periods