1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Visa Overstay Enforcement Act of 2017 . 2. Visa overstays criminalized (a) In general The Immigration and Nationality Act is amended by inserting after section 274D the following: 274E. Visa overstays (a) In general Except as provided in subsection (b), any alien who remains in the United States for any period of time after the date on which any visa or status under which the alien is lawfully present has expired shall— (1) for the first commission of any such offense, be fined under title 18, United States Code, or imprisoned no more than 6 months, or both; and (2) for a subsequent commission of any such offense, be fined under title 18, United States Code, or imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both. (b) Exception If the Secretary of Homeland Security determines on an individual case-by-case basis that, because of reasons of a medical necessity, public safety, or national security, the alien violated subsection (a), the alien shall not be subject to the penalties under subsection (a). (c) Limitation on reentry (1) First offenders Any alien convicted of a violation of subsection (a)(1)— (A) may not be admitted to the United States for a period of 5 years, beginning on the date of the conviction; and (B) may not be granted a visa for a period of 10 years, beginning on the date of the conviction. (2) Subsequent offenses Any alien convicted of a violation of subsection (a)(2)— (A) may not be admitted to the United States