; (2) in subclause (IV), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; or ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (V) the beginning, intermediate, or advanced study of a foreign language related to the area of specialization. . (b) International research and innovation Section 605 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1125 ) is amended to read as follows: 605. International research and innovation (a) Purpose It is the purpose of this section to support essential international and foreign language education research and innovation projects with the goal of assessing and strengthening international education capacity, coordination, delivery, and outcomes to meet national needs. (b) Authority (1) In general From the amount provided to carry out this section, the Secretary shall carry out the following activities: (A) Conduct research and studies that contribute to the purpose described in subsection (a), which shall include research to provide a systematic understanding of our Nation’s international and foreign language education capacity, structures, and effectiveness in meeting growing demands by education, government, and the private sector (including business and other professions). (B) Create innovative paradigms or enhance or scale up proven strategies and practices that address systemic challenges to developing and delivering international and foreign language education resources and expertise across educational disciplines, institutions, employers, and other stakeholders. (C) Develop and manage a national standardized database that— (i) includes the strengths, gaps, and trends in the Nation’s international and foreign language education capacity; and (ii) documents the outcomes of programs funded under this title for every grant cycle. (2) Grants or contracts The Secretary shall carry out activities to achieve the outcomes described in paragraph (1)— (A) directly