1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Safeguard Tribal Objects of Patrimony Act of 2017 . 2. Enhanced protections for Native American cultural heritage (a) Enhanced penalties Section 1170 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking 5 years each place it appears and inserting 10 years . (b) Prohibition of exporting Native American cultural heritage Chapter 53 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 1171. Illegal exportation of Native American cultural heritage (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Archaeological resource The term archaeological resource has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 ( 16 U.S.C. 470bb ). (2) Cultural item The term cultural item has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act ( 25 U.S.C. 3001 ). (3) Native American The term Native American has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act ( 25 U.S.C. 3001 ). (b) Prohibition It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly export or otherwise transport from the United States any— (1) Native American cultural item that was obtained in violation of section 1170 of this title or section 3(c) of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act ( 25 U.S.C. 3002(c) ); (2) Native American archaeological resource that was obtained in violation of the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 ( 16 U.S.C. 470aa et seq.); or (3) Native American object of antiquity that was obtained in violation of section 1866(b) of this title. (c) Penalty Any person who violates subsection (b) shall— (1) in the case of a first violation under this section, be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both