; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (d) Reimbursement agreement Assistance may only be provided under this section if the affected State agrees to reimburse the United States for all expenses incurred in providing such assistance. . 228. Amount of assistance Section 503 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( 42 U.S.C. 5193 ) is repealed. 229. Applicability (a) Effective date of amendments The amendments under this title shall be made on October 1, 2019, and shall apply on and after such date, except to the extent provided in subsection (b). (b) Inapplicability to disasters declared before effective date The provisions of law amended by this title, as in effect on the day before the date referred to in subsection (a), shall continue to apply with respect to any major disaster or emergency that commences or occurs (or is declared or determined to have commenced or occurred) before the date referred in subsection (a). III FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS 301. National standard for State participation in disaster insurance program (a) Withholding of apportionments for noncompliance Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 171. National standard for State participation in disaster insurance program (a) Withholding of apportionments for noncompliance The Secretary shall withhold an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount required to be apportioned to a State under each of paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 104(b) on October 1, 2021, and on October 1 of each fiscal year thereafter, if the State does not meet the requirement of subsection (b) on that date. (b) Requirement A State meets the requirement of this subsection if the State is a participant in the National Disaster Insurance Corporation, as determined pursuant to section 821(d) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.). (c) Effect of noncompliance No funds withheld under this section from apportionment to a State shall be