; (v) an electric vehicle and associated supply equipment and systems; and (vi) aggregations and integrated control systems, including virtual power plants, microgrids, and networks of microgrid cells. (4) Electric consumer; electric utility; rate The terms electric consumer , electric utility , and rate have the meanings given the terms in section 3 of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 ( 16 U.S.C. 2602 ). (5) Electric Reliability Organization The term Electric Reliability Organization has the meaning given the term in section 215(a) of the Federal Power Act ( 16 U.S.C. 824o(a) ). (6) Energy storage The term energy storage means equipment or facilities capable of absorbing energy, storing energy for a period of time, and dispatching the stored energy, that— (A) uses mechanical, electrochemical, hydroelectric, or thermal processes, as a single facility or as an aggregation of units, throughout the electric grid, including behind the meter to store energy generated at one time for use at a later time; (B) uses mechanical, electrochemical, hydroelectric, or thermal processes, as a single facility or as an aggregation of units, throughout the electric grid, including behind the meter to store energy generated from mechanical processes that would otherwise be wasted for delivery at a later time; or (C) stores thermal energy for direct use for heating or cooling at a later time in a manner that avoids the need to use electricity at that later time. (7) Granular The term granular , with respect to a rate or other price for electricity, means that the rate or price is established based on precise accounting of the value, as determined by the time and location of the production or consumption of the electricity and the unique type of energy services being provided, of electrical energy, capacity, and ancillary services, including— (A) time-of-use rates; (B) peak-time rebates; (C) critical peak pricing; (D) real-time pricing; (E) transactive energy approaches; (F) inverted time-of-use rates