; (3) the effectiveness of the program under this Act in addressing abandoned mine land problems on Federal and non-Federal land; (4) any impact on domestic locatable mineral exploration and production as a result of the fees and royalties; and (5) any recommendations with respect to changes in Federal law (including regulations) relating to the amount or method of collection (including auditing, compliance, and enforcement) of the fees and royalties. III Mineral activities 301. Permits (a) In general Except as provided in section 501(a)(2), no person may engage in mineral activities on Federal land that may cause a disturbance of surface resources, including land, air, water, and fish and wildlife, unless a permit authorizing the activities was issued to the person under this title. (b) Exceptions Notwithstanding subsection (a), a permit under this title shall not be required for mineral activities that are a casual use of the Federal land. (c) No modification Nothing in this section enlarges, diminishes, establishes, repeals, or otherwise modifies any requirement of law that a mining claim, millsite, or tunnel site be valid in order for mineral activities to be undertaken. (d) Coordination with NEPA process To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary concerned shall conduct the permit processes under this Act in coordination with the timing and other requirements of section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( 42 U.S.C. 4332 ). 302. Exploration permits (a) In general Except as provided in section 501(a)(2), an exploration permit shall be required prior to conducting any exploration activities on Federal land that involve more than the casual use of the Federal land. (b) Limitations An exploration permit under subsection (a) shall not authorize the person to— (1) remove any mineral for sale; or (2) conduct any activity other than an activity required for— (A) exploration for locatable minerals