; and (2) be posted on the website of the Department and made available to all reporting entities. (f) Rule of construction Nothing in this section shall be construed to place requirements or restrictions on activity not specifically related to establishing and maintaining the higher education data system. 4. Reporting of data components (a) Data components reported by institutions of higher education (1) In general By not later than October 1, 2020, each institution of higher education participating in any Federal student financial assistance program shall report to the higher education data system— (A) not more than the minimum student-level data necessary to enable the Commissioner to calculate the metrics described in section 5 for each year; and (B) not more than the minimum student-level data necessary for the Commissioner to calculate the student-focused IPEDS metrics for each year. (2) Use of technology In reporting the data described in paragraph (1) to the higher education data system, the institution may— (A) directly report the data using the technology described in section 3(b)(1) and authorized in a rule or guidance issued under section 3(d); or (B) submit such data to a third-party ser­vi­cer that has demonstrated the capacity to utilize such technology and agreed to conduct the reporting for the institution. (b) Data components reported from the Social Security Administration and the Secretary of the Treasury Beginning October 1, 2020, the Commissioner of Social Security and the Secretary of the Treasury shall report to the higher education data system the earnings data components for individuals employed in the United States, including the self-employed, independent contractors, and members of the military, that— (1) are available to the Commissioner of Social Security or the Secretary, respectively