1. High efficiency gas turbines (a) In general The Secretary of Energy, through the Office of Fossil Energy, shall carry out a multiyear, multiphase program of research, development, and technology demonstration to improve the efficiency of gas turbines used in power generation systems and to identify the technologies that ultimately will lead to gas turbine combined cycle efficiency of 67 percent or simple cycle efficiency of 50 percent. (b) Program elements The program under this section shall— (1) support first-of-a-kind engineering and detailed gas turbine design for megawatt-scale and utility-scale electric power generation, including— (A) high temperature materials, including superalloys, coatings, and ceramics; (B) improved heat transfer capability; (C) manufacturing technology required to construct complex three-dimensional geometry parts with improved aerodynamic capability; (D) combustion technology to produce higher firing temperature while lowering nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide emissions per unit of output; (E) advanced controls and systems integration; (F) advanced high performance compressor technology; and (G) validation facilities for the testing of components and subsystems; (2) include technology demonstration through component testing, subscale testing, and full-scale testing in existing fleets; (3) include field demonstrations of the developed technology elements so as to demonstrate technical and economic feasibility; and (4) assess overall combined cycle and simple cycle system performance. (c) Program goals The goals of the multiphase program established under subsection (a) shall be— (1) in phase I— (A) to develop the conceptual design of advanced high efficiency gas turbines that can achieve at least 65-percent combined cycle efficiency or 47-percent simple cycle efficiency on a lower heating value basis