and persisting within, such area. (3) Native plant species The term native plant species means indigenous terrestrial and aquatic plant species that evolved naturally in a defined native ecosystem. (4) Nonnative plant species The term nonnative plant species means a plant that has been introduced by humans to a location outside its native or natural range and may, depending on relevant facts and circumstances, include a species introduced from another continent, ecosystem, seed zone, or habitat within an ecosystem. (5) Plant materials The term plant materials includes, with respect to a native plant species or a nonnative plant species, such a plant or its seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material capable of propagating that species. I Promoting Botanical Research and Botanical Sciences Capacity 101. Department of the Interior botanical research (a) In General The Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management, United States Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, and such other agencies and instrumentalities as the Secretary determines appropriate, shall support a robust program of intramural and extramural botanical science research as relevant and appropriate to support the Department’s land management responsibilities. (b) Areas of Emphasis Research conducted pursuant to this section shall include a focus on the following topics: (1) Effective approaches to restoring habitat damaged by wildfires that incorporate the use of appropriate plant materials. (2) Effective methods for developing and using locally adapted native plant materials in land management activities. (3) Effective mitigation strategies for combating invasive plant species. (4) Mitigation strategies related to the impacts of long- and medium-term environmental changes such as changes in moisture levels, temperature, landscape fragmentation, nonnative animal and plant species, and human activity. (5) Methods to promote the recovery of threatened and endangered species.