; (2) in section 208(b)(2)(A)(i) ( 8 U.S.C. 1158(b)(2)(A)(i) ), by inserting committed, before ordered ; and (3) in section 241(b)(3)(B)(i) ( 8 U.S.C. 1231(b)(3)(B)(i) ), by inserting committed, before ordered . (j) Effective date The amendments made by this section shall apply to any offense committed before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act. 1511. Gang membership, removal, and increased criminal penalties related to gang violence (a) Definition of criminal gang Section 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1101(a) ) is amended by inserting after subparagraph (52) the following: (53) (A) The term criminal gang means any ongoing group, club, organization, or association, inside or outside the United States, of 2 or more persons that— (i) has, as 1 of its primary purposes, the commission of 1 or more of the criminal offenses described in subparagraph (B) and the members of which engage, or have engaged within the past 5 years, in a continuing series of such offenses