payment system for inpatient hospital services under section 1886(d) of such Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395ww(d) ) and the Medicare prospective payment system for hospital outpatient department services under section 1833(t) of such Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395I(t) ), to determine whether those payment policies resulted in incentives or disincentives that have contributed to the opioid crisis. (2) Recommendations for payment and service delivery models to be tested as appropriate by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation and other federally authorized demonstration projects, including value-based models, that may encourage the use of appropriate medication-assisted treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of opioid use disorder and other therapies that manage chronic and acute pain and treat and minimize risk of opioid misuse and abuse. (3) Recommendations for data collection that could facilitate research and policy-making regarding prevention of opioid use disorder as well as data that would aid the Secretary in making coverage and payment decisions under the Medicare and Medicaid programs related to the access to appropriate opioid dependence treatments. (4) A review of Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries’ access to the full range of medication-assisted treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of opioid use disorder and other therapies that manage chronic and acute pain and treat and minimize risk of opioid misuse and abuse, including access of beneficiaries residing in rural or medically underserved communities. (5) A review of payment and coverage policies under the Medicare program and the Medicaid program related to medical devices that are non-opioid based treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the management of acute pain and chronic pain, for monitoring substance use withdrawal and preventing overdoses of controlled substances, and for treating substance use disorder, including barriers to patient access. (c) Stakeholder