; (Z) development of common standards, specifications, and architectures for both transportation and stationary battery applications; (AA) advanced internal combustion engines; (BB) mild hybrid; (CC) engine down speeding; (DD) vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-pedestrian, and vehicle-to-infrastructure technologies; and (EE) other research areas as determined by the Secretary. (2) Transformational technology The Secretary shall ensure that the Department continues to support research, development, engineering, demonstration, and commercial application activities and maintains competency in mid- to long-term transformational vehicle technologies with potential to achieve reductions in emissions, including activities in the areas of— (A) hydrogen vehicle technologies, including fuel cells, hydrogen storage, infrastructure, and activities in hydrogen technology validation and safety codes and standards; (B) multiple battery chemistries and novel energy storage devices, including nonchemical batteries and electromechanical storage technologies such as hydraulics, flywheels, and compressed air storage; (C) communication and connectivity among vehicles, infrastructure, and the electrical grid