to the effects of gravity either due to the difference between the elevation level of the required work and a lower level or a difference between the elevation level where the worker is positioned and the higher level of the materials or load being hoisted or secured. (4) The term project means the erection, demolition, repairing, altering, painting, cleaning or pointing of a highway, bridge, tunnel, airport, railway, bus or railroad station, depot, pier, building, or any other structure owned or operated by the Federal Government or for which Federal financial assistance is used. (5) The term State includes a port authority, transit agency, public toll authority, metropolitan planning organization, or other political subdivision of a State or local government. (c) Workers’ compensation laws Nothing in this section shall be construed to preempt any law of a State providing for workers’ compensation. (d) Effective date This section applies to claims arising from projects in which a State or local government accepts Federal financial assistance on or after January 1, 2018.