from being fired by any individual other than an authorized user of the firearm, and (B) to convert the firearm from the inoperable condition to the operable condition in less than 2 seconds after the authorized user makes contact with the firearm, the firearm’s arming device, or an external safe or locking device. (3) Authorized user For purposes of this subsection, the term authorized user means, with respect to a firearm, the owner of the firearm and any individual lawfully authorized by such owner to operate the firearm. (4) Simple mechanical lock For purposes of this subsection, the term simple mechanical lock means a lock that uses a key or a conventional combination lock. Such term does not include an advanced lock that incorporates electronics or biometric sensors, or a lock with other features to enable faster opening from any orientation with low visibility. (d) Federal firearms licensee For purposes of this section, the term Federal firearms licensee means any person holding a license under chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, other than a licensed collector. (e) Coordination with credit for increasing research expenditures (1) In general Except as provided in paragraph (2), any smart gun technology expenses for a taxable year to which an election under this section applies shall not be taken into account for purposes of determining the credit allowable under section 41 for such taxable year. (2) Expenses included in determining base period research expenses Smart gun technology expenses for any taxable year shall be taken into account in determining base period research expenses for purposes of applying section 41 to subsequent taxable years. (f) Special rules (1) Certain rules made applicable Rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 41(f) shall apply for purposes of this section. (2) Election This section shall apply to any taxpayer for any taxable year only if such taxpayer elects (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe) to have