; and (10) develop a comprehensive research agenda that addresses both long- and short-term research needs and opportunities. 8. Advanced energy systems Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further amended by adding at the end the following: 969A. Advanced energy systems (a) In general The Secretary shall conduct a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application to improve the efficiency and reliability of, and to reduce emissions from, fossil fuel power generation in the following areas: (1) High-efficiency turbines for any advanced power system that will lead to natural gas turbine combined cycle efficiency of 67 percent or combustion turbine efficiency of 50 percent. (2) Supercritical and ultrasupercritical carbon dioxide, with an emphasis on developing directly-fired and indirectly fired cycles in the next 10 years. (3) Advanced combustion systems, including oxy-combustion systems and chemical looping. (4) Fuel cell technologies for low-cost, high-efficiency, fuel-flexible, modular power systems, including solid oxide fuel cell technology for commercial, residential, and distributed generation systems, using improved manufacturing production and processes. (5) Gasification systems to enable carbon capture, improve efficiency, and reduce capital and operating costs. (6) Thermal cycling with ramping or rapid black start capabilities that do not compromise efficiency or environmental performance. (7) Small-scale and modular coal-fired technologies with reduced carbon outputs or carbon capture that can support incremental power generation capacity additions. (b) Priority In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary is encouraged to prioritize transformational technologies that enable a step change in performance, efficiency, or cost of electricity as compared to the technology in existence on the date of enactment of this section. (c) Authorization of appropriations For activities under this section, there are