; and (D) to protect the privacy rights of individuals. 3. Definitions (a) In general Except as provided in subsection (b), in this Act: (1) Artificial intelligence The term artificial intelligence includes the following: (A) Any artificial systems that perform tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances, without significant human oversight, or that can learn from their experience and improve their performance. Such systems may be developed in computer software, physical hardware, or other contexts not yet contemplated. They may solve tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action. In general, the more human-like the system within the context of its tasks, the more it can be said to use artificial intelligence. (B) Systems that think like humans, such as cognitive architectures and neural networks. (C) Systems that act like humans, such as systems that can pass the Turing test or other comparable test via natural language processing, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, and learning. (D) A set of techniques, including machine learning, that seek to approximate some cognitive task. (E) Systems that act rationally, such as intelligent software agents and embodied robots that achieve goals via perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision making, and acting. (2) Artificial general intelligence The term artificial general intelligence means a notional future artificial intelligence system that exhibits apparently intelligent behavior at least as advanced as a person across the range of cognitive, emotional, and social behaviors. (3) Narrow artificial intelligence The term narrow artificial intelligence means an artificial intelligence system that addresses specific application areas such as playing strategic games, language translation, self-driving vehicles, and image recognition. (b) Modifications The Federal Advisory Committee on the Development and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence established under section