; and (3) address and acknowledge the urgency of ensuring that all women who need a Caesarean section are able to have access to such life-saving surgery in a timely, safe, and high-quality care environment, and address the growing threat of iatrogenic fistula that most often results from Caesarean delivery done poorly and under conditions with inadequate staff, supplies, or equipment. (b) Activities Assistance provided pursuant to this section and section 4 shall focus on the following: (1) Increasing prevention of obstetric fistula through access to sexual and reproductive health services, including skilled attendance at birth, comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care, timely, safe, high-quality Caesarean section when necessary, prenatal and antenatal care, contraception and family planning, and comprehensive reproductive health education. (2) Building local capacity and improving national health systems to ensure that all women in need have access to safe surgery, including timely, and high-quality life-saving obstetric and newborn care services to prevent and treat obstetric fistula. (3) Supporting tools to enable countries to address obstetric fistula, including the following: (A) Supporting research to better identify the key factors causing persistence of obstetric fistula in certain regions. (B) Quantitative data collection on the incidence and prevalence of obstetric fistula, and development of sustainable universal health care financing mechanisms to enable all women to have access to skilled and life-saving health care during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period. (C) Providing fistula survivors access to free or affordable treatment. (D) Training of midwives and skilled birth attendants. (E) Provision of basic obstetric care at the community level. (4) Ensuring that countries address surgery, anesthesia, and obstetrics ecosystem deficits in stan­dard­ized healthcare worker education, cre­den­tial­ing, and retention, WASH and power in facilities, equipment and materials, transport,