; (B) at Poston, Arizona; (C) at Jerome, Arkansas; (D) at Rohwer, Arkansas; (E) at Manzanar, California; (F) at Tule Lake Segregation Center, California; (G) at Granada, Colorado (commonly referred to as Amache ); (H) at Minadoka, Idaho; (I) at Topaz, Utah; and (J) at Heart Mountain, Wyoming. (13) Each incarceration site held between 7,000 and 18,000 individuals, and a total of approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans were ultimately detained. (14) Some Japanese Americans, including Fred Korematsu, Gordon Hirabayashi, and Minoru Yasui, challenged the detention, exclusion, and curfew orders aimed at Japanese Americans. (15) In June 1943, the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously decided Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81 (1943), and the companion case Yasui v. United States, 320 U.S. 115 (1943). In the Hirabayashi case, the Supreme Court found that both the power delegated to the military to impose curfews and the Executive orders creating that power were constitutional despite— (A) their applications primarily to Americans of Japanese ancestry on the basis of the particular racial characteristics of Americans of Japanese ancestry; and (B) the fact that the ultimate result of the orders was imprisonment for an indefinite period of confinement that was imposed without— (i) the right to an attorney; (ii) the right to notice of the charges against the individual being imprisoned; and (iii) the right to a trial. (16) On December 18, 1944, the Supreme Court of the United States, in the 6–3 decision in Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), held that the order requiring exclusion of persons of Japanese ancestry from States on the West Coast was constitutional. The majority of the Court— (A) found that the order did not violate the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and was constitutional as a military necessity