; (iii) confinement or separation that is requested by the youth; or (iv) the separation of the youth from a group in a nonlocked setting for the limited purpose of calming; (33) the term restraints has the meaning given that term in section 591 of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 290ii ); (34) the term evidence-based means a program or practice that— (A) is demonstrated to be effective when implemented with fidelity; (B) is based on a clearly articulated and empirically supported theory; (C) has measurable outcomes relevant to juvenile justice, including a detailed description of the outcomes produced in a particular population, whether urban or rural; and (D) has been scientifically tested and proven effective through randomized control studies or comparison group studies and with the ability to replicate and scale; (35) the term promising means a program or practice that— (A) is demonstrated to be effective based on positive outcomes relevant to juvenile justice from 1 or more objective, independent, and scientifically valid evaluations, as documented in writing to the Administrator; and (B) will be evaluated through a well-designed and rigorous study, as described in paragraph (34)(D); (36) the term dangerous practice means an act, procedure, or program that creates an unreasonable risk of physical injury, pain, or psychological harm to a juvenile subjected to the act, procedure, or program; (37) the term screening means a brief process— (A) designed to identify youth who may have mental health, behavioral health, substance abuse, or other needs requiring immediate attention, intervention, and further evaluation; and (B) the purpose of which is to quickly identify a youth with possible mental health, behavioral health, substance abuse, or other needs in need of further assessment