; and (2) in subsection (e)(1), by inserting , including modeling and simulation activities, after evaluation activities . 217. Differentiation of research and development activities from service activities (a) In general For the purposes of activities and programs carried out by the Department of Defense, research and development activities, including activities under the Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR) or the Small Business Technology Transfer Program (STTR), shall be considered as separate and distinct from contract service activities. (b) Guidance Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall issue updated guidance to carry out this section. (c) Definitions (1) In general In this section: (A) The term advisory and assistance service has the meaning given such term in section 1105(g)(2) of title 31, United States Code. (B) The term research and development activities — (i) means— (I) creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including the knowledge of man, culture, and society; and (II) the use of the stock of knowledge described in subparagraph (A) to devise new applications