average SAT or ACT score of first-time, full-time students enrolled at the institution. (cc) The average high school GPA of first-time, full-time students enrolled at the institution. (dd) The institution's average student-related expenditure. (ee) Other characteristics that the Secretary determines are appropriate. (III) Peer group adjustment To provide for fair comparisons among institutions serving different student populations and institutional resources, an institution that is in the bottom 5 percent of the institutions ranked under clause (i) but in the top two-thirds of institutions ranked in the institution’s peer group, as determined under subclause (II), shall be removed from the bottom 5 percent of the institutions ranked under clause (i). The Secretary shall not impose on such an institution a penalty described in paragraph (3)(E). (C) Floor reached (i) Floor mark For academic year 2017–2018, the Secretary shall determine, based on the rankings under subparagraph (B)(i) for such academic year, the percentage, determined under subparagraph (A), at which and above which marks the top 90 percent of those institutions ranked. (ii) Comparison of threshold mark to floor mark If the threshold mark determined under subparagraph (B)(ii) for an academic year is at or above the floor mark determined under clause (i), no institution shall be subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) for such academic year. (3) Consequences of low ranking (A) In general (i) In general Subject to paragraph (2)(C)(ii), for academic year 2017–2018 and for each succeeding academic year, the Secretary shall notify each institution of higher education that is in the bottom 5 percent of those institutions ranked under paragraph (2)(B)(i) (and not removed under paragraph (2)(B)(iii)(III))— (I) that the institution is in such bottom 5 percent of those institutions ranked for the academic year