55 instances of anti-Semitism between January and March 2017 in New York City alone, a 189-percent increase from the same time period in 2016, and close to 100 bomb threats have been received by Jewish Community Centers and Schools. (10) Since January, there have been at least five attacks on LGBT centers across the country. (11) The White nationalist and neo-Nazi protests in Charlottesville, Virginia, on August 11–13, 2017, which resulted in 1 death and 20 injuries from a White nationalist driving his car into a group of counterprotesters, show the need for increased action to combat hate-based attacks. 3. Establishment of Commission (a) Establishment There is established the United States Commission on Hate Crimes (hereinafter in this act referred to as the Commission ). (b) Membership The Commission shall be composed of 12 members. Membership of the Commission shall be appointed in accordance with the following: (1) Two members shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate. (2) Two members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate. (3) Two members shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. (4) Two members shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives. (5) Two members shall be jointly appointed by the two appointing officials under paragraphs (1) through (4) who are members of, or caucus with, the Democratic Party. (6) Two members shall be jointly appointed by the two appointing officials under paragraphs (1) through (4) who are members of, or caucus with, the Republican Party. (7) Not more than 6 members of the Commission shall be from the law enforcement community and not more than 6 members of the Commission shall be of the civil rights community. (8) Not more than six of the members shall be of the same political party. 4. Duties of the Commission The Commission shall investigate the following: (1) If there has been an increase in hate crimes during the period beginning January 1, 2007, and ending 60 days after the date of