; and (B) the covered product because of— (i) (I) activity that is authorized pursuant to regulation or permitting; or (II) human activity; and (ii) any physical processing, preparation, or packaging of— (I) a plant, animal, or microorganism; or (II) any raw material or constituent derived from an entity described in subclause (I). (9) Non-functional constituent The term non-functional constituent means, with respect to a covered product, any constituent— (A) that— (i) is an incidental component, at insignificant levels, of an ingredient of the covered product; (ii) is, at insignificant levels, a breakdown product of an ingredient of the covered product; (iii) is a byproduct of the manufacturing process with respect to the covered product; (iv) has not been intentionally added as a separate substance during the manufacturing process with respect to the covered product; and (v) serves no technical or functional effect with respect to the covered product; and (B) the presence of which does not endanger public health. (10) Product constituent The term product constituent means a chemical or chemical substance that— (A) comprises a covered product (or a component of, or material with respect to, a covered product) in whole or part; and (B) is present in a covered product as— (i) part of a specified set of ingredients; or (ii) a non-functional constituent. (11) Radiation (A) In general The term radiation means— (i) electromagnetic radiation, including the entire electromagnetic spectrum of radiation of any wavelength; and (ii) radiation from naturally occurring radioactive elements, including— (I) uranium, thorium, and potassium; (II) any radioactive decay products of an element described in subclause (I), trace concentrations of which may occur in materials such as stone or granite