; or (B) the actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity of a person or persons with whom a student associates or has associated. (4) Public schools The term public schools means public elementary and secondary schools, including local educational agencies, educational service agencies, and State educational agencies, as defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 7801 ). (5) Sexual orientation The term sexual orientation means homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality. (6) Student The term student means an individual who is enrolled in a public school or who, regardless of official enrollment status, attends classes or participates in a public school’s programs or educational activities. 4. Prohibition against discrimination; exceptions (a) In general No student shall, on the basis of actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity of such individual or of a person with whom the student associates or has associated, be excluded from participation in, or be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. (b) Harassment For purposes of this Act, discrimination includes, but is not limited to, harassment of a student on the basis of actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity of such student or of a person with whom the student associates or has associated. (c) Retaliation prohibited (1) Prohibition No person shall be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination, retaliation, or reprisal under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance based on his or her opposition to conduct made unlawful by this Act. (2) Definition For purposes of this subsection, opposition to conduct made unlawful by this Act includes, but is not limited to— (A) opposition to conduct reasonably believed to be made unlawful by this Act