1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Deterring and Defeating Rocket and Missile Threats to Israel Act of 2018 . 2. Findings Congress finds the following: (1) Israel is surrounded by adversaries. Threats to Israel emanate from Hezbollah in Lebanon to the north, from the Iranian-supported regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria to the northeast, from Hamas in the Gaza Strip to the south, and from Iran to the east. Each of these state and non-state actors possess an arsenal of rockets or missiles that could be used to target Israel. (2) Iran possesses the largest and most diverse missile arsenal in the Middle East, with thousands of medium-range ballistic and cruise missiles capable of striking Israel. (3) While Syria has used much of its ballistic missile inventory during its nearly seven-year civil war, it still maintains a robust arsenal of short-range ballistic missiles capable of striking Israel. (4) Hamas and other terrorist groups in Gaza possess almost 12,000 rockets that threaten southern Israel. (5) Hezbollah, an entity designated as a terrorist organization by the Department of State and the European Union, continues to procure rockets to deploy against Israel in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 (2006). (6) According to open source reporting, Hezbollah has developed an arsenal of between 100,000 and 150,000 rockets, and is seeking to develop an indigenous rocket production capability. (7) In total, there are thousands of missiles and 230,000 rockets aimed at Israel. In 2016, the Israeli military estimated that, in the event of a conflict in which rockets and missiles were fired at Israel from all directions, between 250 and 400 civilians would likely be killed in the conflict, including dozens in the Tel Aviv area. Hezbollah alone could launch 1,200 rockets each day, a barrage that would overwhelm Israel’s missile defense capabilities. (8) The 2016 Memorandum of Understanding Between the United States and Israel (relating to security assistance for fiscal years 2019 through