; (J) improve the environment, improve energy efficiency, reduce dependence on oil, or reduce pollution; and (K) address issues identified by the Department of Transportation in the Beyond Traffic 2045 report. (d) Use of grant funds (1) Vision elements A SMART grant may be used for a project that demonstrates a sound, innovative, integrated, and holistic approach and incorporates many aspects of the applicable vision elements set forth in this paragraph. (A) Coordinated automation The use of automated transportation and autonomous vehicles, which offer tremendous possibilities for enhancing safety, mobility, accessibility, equity, and the environment. (B) Connected vehicles Connected vehicles, which send and receive information about their movements in the network, use vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications to provide connectivity that will enable countless safety, mobility, and environmental applications. (C) Intelligent, sensor based infrastructure The use of a collective intelligent infrastructure allows sensors to collect and report real-time data to inform every day transportation-related operations and performance and trends of a city, ensuring that data collection and dissemination is conducted in a safe, secure manner. (D) Architecture and standards The explicit use of architectures, which— (i) are governed by rules, documentation, and standards; (ii) may be extended to a nationwide or broader deployment; (iii) are defined and demonstrate integration of intelligent transportation systems with other systems which comprise a smart city