; defenses. Sec. 12. Injunction. Sec. 13. Best mode requirement. 2. Findings The Congress finds the following: (1) The Congress created a patent system to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries, as provided for in the Constitution of the United States. (2) The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act ( Public Law 112–29 ) enacted on September 16, 2011, and several decisions of the Supreme Court have harmed the progress of Science and the useful Arts by eroding the strength and value of the patent system. (3) The United States Government exists to protect life, liberty, and property, which includes intellectual property. (4) A United States patent secures a private property right to an inventor. (5) This Act restores the patent system as envisioned by the Constitution of the United States. 3. Restoring the right of the first inventor to secure a patent (a) Repeal of first-to-File system under the America Invents Act Section 3 of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act ( Public Law 112–29 ), including each amendment made by such section, is repealed and any amendment made by such section to any provision shall be effective as if the provision had not been amended by such section. (b) First-to-Invent Notwithstanding any other provision under title 35, United States Code, a person shall be entitled to a patent where the inventor is first to conceive of the invention and diligently reduces the invention to practice. (c) One-Year grace period Notwithstanding any other provision under title 35, United States Code, a person shall be entitled to a one-year grace period before filing an application for a patent, as the grace period existed before the date of the enactment of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act under section 102 of title 35, United States Code, and with the same meaning of the terms in public use and on sale in this country as interpreted before the enactment of the Leahy-Smith America