to allow health care providers not described in paragraph (1) to become participating providers for Medicare for America. (d) Prescription drugs (1) In general Any payment rate under this part for a prescription drug shall be at a rate negotiated by the Secretary based on value assessments by one or more independent nonprofit organizations certified by the National Academy of Medicine and MedPAC. If the Secretary is unable to reach a negotiated agreement on such a reimbursement rate, the Secretary shall apply prices paid by the Department of Veterans Affairs for such drugs or the average price of such drugs in nations which are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, whichever is lower. (2) Failure to negotiate If a drug manufacturer refuses to negotiate with the Secretary, then Medicare for America will not cover any of the manufacturer’s products. There shall be an exceptions process for drugs that are otherwise unavailable for people with chronic conditions. Individuals shall continue to have access to drugs during the appeals process. The Secretary shall modify such rates in order to accommodate payments for drugs that are not otherwise covered under the original Medicare fee-for-service program under title XVIII. (3) Value or cost-effectiveness assessments The use of Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, or other similar mechanisms is prohibited for use in value or cost-effectiveness assessments for purposes of this subsection. 2207. Trust Fund