of export controls on items that are consistent with such policy. (4) Export controls should be fully coordinated with the multilateral export control regimes. Export controls that are multilateral are most effective, and should be tailored to focus on those core technologies and other items that are capable of being used to pose a serious national security threat to the United States and its allies. (5) Export controls applied unilaterally to items widely available from foreign sources generally are less effective in preventing end-users from acquiring those items. (6) The effective administration of export controls requires a clear understanding both inside and outside the United States Government of which technologies and other items are controlled and an efficient process should be created to update the controls, such as by removing and adding technologies and other items. (7) The export control system must ensure that it is transparent, predictable, and timely, has the flexibility to be adapted to address new threats in the future, and allows seamless access to and sharing of export control information among all relevant United States national security and foreign policy agencies. (8) Implementation and enforcement of United States export controls require robust capabilities in monitoring, intelligence, and investigation, appropriate penalties for violations, and the ability to swiftly interdict unapproved transfers. (9) Export controls should be balanced with United States counterterrorism, information security, and cyber-security policies to ensure the ability to export, reexport, and transfer technology and other items in support of counterterrorism, critical infrastructure, and other homeland security priorities, while effectively preventing malicious cyber terrorists from obtaining items that threaten the United States and its interests, including the protection of and safety of United States citizens abroad. (10) Export controls complement and are a critical element of the national security policies