; and (B) validated, high-fidelity simulators were to have been available to teach all other procedures to respond to common battlefield injuries by 2014. (8) The Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills of the Air Force exclusively uses human-based training methods in its courses and does not use animals. (9) In 2013, the Army instituted a policy forbidding non-medical personnel from participating in training courses involving the use of animals. (10) In 2013, the medical school of the Department of Defense, part of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, replaced animal use within its medical student curriculum. (11) The Coast Guard announced in 2014 that it would reduce by half the number of animals it uses for combat trauma training courses but stated that animals would continue to be used in courses designed for Department of Defense personnel. (12) Effective January 1, 2015, the Department of Defense replaced animal use in six areas of medical training, including Advanced Trauma Life Support courses and the development and maintenance of surgical and critical care skills for field operational surgery and field assessment and skills tests for international students offered at the Defense Institute of Medical Operations. 3. Requirement to use human-based methods for certain medical training (a) In general Chapter 101 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 2017. Use of human-based methods for certain medical training (a) Combat trauma injuries (1) Not later than October 1, 2020, the Secretary of Defense shall develop, test, and validate human-based training methods for the purpose of training members of the armed forces in the treatment of combat trauma injuries with the goal of replacing live animal-based training methods. (2) Not later than October 1, 2022, the Secretary— (A) shall only use human-based training methods for the purpose of training members of the armed forces in the treatment of combat trauma injuries