1. Short title This Act may be cited as the The Anti-Deficiency Reform and Enforcement Act of 2018 . 2. Adverse actions for violations of the Anti-Deficiency Act (a) Expending or obligating amounts; voluntary services (1) In general Section 1349 of title 31, United States Code, is amended— (A) in subsection (a), by striking An officer and inserting Consistent with the requirements of subsections (b) and (c), an officer ; and (B) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following: (b) (1) The head of an agency shall remove, or in the case of a temporary or probationary employee, terminate the employment of, an officer or employee of the United States Government if the head determines that such officer or employee knowingly violated section 1341(a) or 1342, as described under paragraph (2). (2) An officer or employee of the United States Government who committed an act in violation of section 1341(a) or 1342 did so knowingly if such officer or employee— (A) acted with actual knowledge that his or her actions would violate section 1341(a) or 1342