; and (II) the increasing need for substance use disorder treatment services, including relative rates of increase in the number of drug overdoses or drug overdose deaths, or recent increases in drug overdoses or drug overdose deaths since the data was reported under section 3413. (ii) Demonstrated need The factors considered by the Secretary in determining whether a State has a demonstrated need for purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii) may include any or all of the following: (I) The unmet need for such services, including the factors identified in clause (i)(II). (II) Relative rates of increase in the number of drug overdoses or drug overdose deaths. (III) The relative rates of increase in the number of drug deaths within new or emerging subpopulations. (IV) The current prevalence of substance use disorders. (V) Relevant factors related to the cost and complexity of delivering substance use disorder treatment services to individuals in the State. (VI) The impact of co-morbid factors, including co-occurring conditions, determined relevant by the Secretary. (VII) The prevalence of homelessness among individuals with substance use disorder. (VIII) The relevant factors that limit access to health care, including geographic variation, adequacy of health insurance coverage, and language barriers. (IX) The impact of a decline in the amount received pursuant to paragraph (1) on substance use disorder treatment services available to all individuals with substance use disorders identified and eligible under this subtitle. (X) The increasing incidence in conditions related to substance use, including hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and other infections associated with injection drug use. (C) Model standards (i) Preference In determining whether a State will receive funds under this paragraph, except as provided in clause (ii), the Secretary shall give preference to States that have adopted the model standards developed in accordance with section 3434. (ii) Requirement Effective beginning in fiscal year