1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Farmer Veteran Opportunity Act of 2018 . 2. Availability of Department of Agriculture programs for veteran farmers and ranchers (a) Definition of veteran farmer or rancher Section 2501(e)(7) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 ( 7 U.S.C. 2279(e)(7) ) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking or at the end; (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; or ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (C) is a veteran (as defined in section 101 of that title) who has first obtained status as a veteran (as so defined) during the most recent 10-year period. . (b) Federal crop insurance (1) Definition of veteran farmer or rancher Section 502(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1502(b) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (12) Veteran farmer or rancher The term veteran farmer or rancher means a farmer or rancher who— (A) has served in the Armed Forces (as defined in section 101 of title 38, United States Code); and (B) (i) has not operated a farm or ranch; (ii) has operated a farm or ranch for not more than 5 years; or (iii) is a veteran (as defined in section 101 of that title) who has first obtained status as a veteran (as so defined) during the most recent 5-year period. . (2) Crop insurance Section 508 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1508 ) is amended— (A) in subsection (b)(5)(E), by inserting , and veteran farmers or ranchers before the period at the end; (B) in subsection (e)(8)— (i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting and veteran after beginning ; and (ii) by inserting or veteran farmer or rancher after beginning farmer or rancher each place it appears; and (C) in subsection (g)— (i) in paragraph (2)(B)(iii), in the matter preceding subclause (I), by inserting or veteran farmer or rancher after beginning farmer or rancher each place it appears