; and (E) the reason for increases in Valley Fever cases reported in California in 2016 is not known. (6) Valley Fever illness ranges from influenza-like symptoms to life-threatening when the infection spreads to other parts of the body, including the brain. (7) The overall estimated impact of Valley Fever is less than 200,000 people in the United States, with roughly 200 deaths each year and over 11,000 new cases identified in 2016. The estimated economic impact to the United States is at least $500,000,000 from hospital, outpatient, and lost productivity costs. (8) In the past 60 years, only 4 classes of antifungal compounds have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment for all fungal infections. (9) Existing antifungal therapies often do not cure the fungal infection involved because, similar to how bacteria have become resistant to antibiotic therapies, some fungi no longer respond to the current limited antifungal therapies that are designed to treat them. (10) Coccidioides, the cause of Valley Fever, is not cured by any available drug. (11) Although antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a widely recognized public health threat, less is known about the effects of antifungal resistance and the burden of drug-resistant fungal infections. (12) Fungal infections are a rising threat to public health and the resistance to current antifungal therapies will only complicate the Nation’s response in the event of a public health emergency. 3. Continuing support for research on endemic orphan fungal diseases (a) In general Subtitle F of title II of the 21st Century Cures Act ( Public Law 114–255 ) is amended by inserting after section 2062 ( 42 U.S.C. 284s ) the following new section: 2062A. Endemic orphan fungal diseases (a) In general The Secretary of Health and Human Services (in this section referred to as the Secretary ) shall continue to conduct or support epidemiological, basic, translational, and clinical research related to endemic orphan fungal diseases, including