; (2) focusing such enhancements on low-income children who are at the greatest risk of negative educational outcomes; and (3) harnessing the most current developmentally appropriate educational methods to improve the public education system, including— (A) educational interventions beginning as close to birth as possible; (B) a child-initiated learning process with time for independent inquiry and play; (C) access to wraparound social services, including support for nutrition, housing, and family literacy; (D) professional development for instructional staff, including elementary school teachers, paraprofessionals, and pre-school teachers; (E) an extended school day and school year; (F) parent development, which includes providing parents with the knowledge and skills needed to be able to support a child’s growth and academic progress; (G) child-to-staff ratios of at least 1 early childhood or elementary educator for every 7 children