; (7) distributed energy generation, including through combined heat and power technology and waste heat to power technology, has ancillary benefits, such as— (A) removing load from the electricity distribution grid; and (B) improving the overall reliability of the electricity distribution system; and (8) (A) a number of regulatory barriers impede broad deployment of combined heat and power technology and waste heat to power technology; and (B) a 2008 study by Oak Ridge National Laboratory identified interconnection issues, regulated fees and tariffs, and environmental permitting as areas that could be streamlined with respect to the provision of combined heat and power technology and waste heat to power technology. 3. Definitions (a) In general In this Act: (1) Combined heat and power technology The term combined heat and power technology means the generation of electric energy and heat in a single, integrated system that meets the efficiency criteria in clauses (ii) and (iii) of section 48(c)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, under which heat that is conventionally rejected is recovered and used to meet thermal energy requirements. (2) Output-based emission standard The term output-based emission standard means a standard that relates emissions to the electrical, thermal, or mechanical productive output of a device or process rather than the heat input of fuel burned or pollutant concentration in the exhaust. (3) Qualified waste heat resource (A) In general The term qualified waste heat resource means— (i) exhaust heat or flared gas from any industrial process; (ii) waste gas or industrial tail gas that would otherwise be flared, incinerated, or vented; (iii) a pressure drop in any gas for an industrial or commercial process