; and (2) take such other measures to restore the site, as the Secretary considers necessary. (i) Emergency determination If the Secretary determines that an emergency exists that poses a significant risk to the safety of humans, to the marine environment, to cultured species, to a marine species, or to the security of the United States and that requires suspension, modification, or revocation of an offshore aquaculture permit, the Secretary may suspend, modify, or revoke the permit for such time as the Secretary determines is necessary to address the emergency. The Secretary shall afford the permit holder a prompt post-suspension, post-modification, or post-revocation opportunity to be heard regarding the suspension, modification, or revocation. (j) Fees (1) Establishment The Secretary may establish, by regulation, application fees and annual permit fees. The fees shall be deposited as offsetting collections in the Operations, Research, and Facilities account. Fees may be collected and made available to the extent provided in advance in appropriation Acts. Such fees shall be set as an amount such that the total revenue from such fees does not exceed the amount required to cover the costs of management, data collection, analysis, inspection, and enforcement activities related to permits under this section. (2) Waivers The Secretary may waive, in whole or in part, any fee under this section if an offshore aquaculture facility is used primarily for research. (3) Guarantees The Secretary shall require a permit holder to post a bond or other form of financial guarantee in an amount determined by the Secretary, to be reasonable and commensurate with the aquaculture operation and as sufficient to cover, without duplication— (A) any unpaid fees; (B) the cost of removing an offshore aquaculture facility at the expiration or termination of an offshore aquaculture permit