; and (B) the purpose of which is to quickly identify a youth with possible mental health, behavioral health, substance abuse, or other needs in need of further assessment; (38) the term assessment includes, at a minimum, an interview and review of available records and other pertinent information— (A) by an appropriately trained professional who is licensed or certified by the applicable State in the mental health, behavioral health, or substance abuse fields; and (B) which is designed to identify significant mental health, behavioral health, or substance abuse treatment needs to be addressed during a youth's confinement; (39) for purposes of section 223(a)(15), the term contact means the points at which a youth and the juvenile justice system or criminal justice system officially intersect, including interactions with a juvenile justice, juvenile court, or law enforcement official; (40) the term trauma-informed means— (A) understanding the impact that exposure to violence and trauma have on a youth's physical, psychological, and psychosocial development; (B) recognizing when a youth has been exposed to violence and trauma and is in need of help to recover from the adverse impacts of trauma; and (C) responding in ways that resist retraumatization; (41) the term racial and ethnic disparity means minority youth populations are involved at a decision point in the juvenile justice system at higher rates, incrementally or cumulatively, than non-minority youth at that decision point; (42) the term status offender means a juvenile who is charged with or who has committed an offense that would not be criminal if committed by an adult; (43) the term rural means an area that is not located in a metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget; (44) the term internal controls means a process implemented to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in— (A) effectiveness and efficiency of operations, such as grant management practices