; (3) activities to develop robust mechanisms for tracking and quantifying the outputs and economic benefits of engineering biology; and (4) activities to accelerate the translation and commercialization of new products, processes, and technologies by— (A) identifying precompetitive research opportunities; (B) facilitating public-private partnerships in engineering biology research and development; (C) connecting researchers, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows with entrepreneurship education and training opportunities; and (D) supporting proof of concept activities and the formation of startup companies including through programs such as the Small Business Innovation Research Program and the Small Business Technology Transfer Program. (c) Expanding participation The Program shall include, to the maximum extent practicable, outreach to primarily undergraduate and minority-serving institutions about Program opportunities, and shall encourage the development of research collaborations between research-intensive universities and primarily undergraduate and minority-serving institutions. (d) Ethical, legal, environmental, and societal issues Program activities shall take into account ethical, legal, environmental, and other appropriate societal issues, including the need for safeguards and monitoring systems to protect society against the unintended release of engineered materials produced, by— (1) supporting research, including in the social sciences, and other activities addressing ethical, legal, environmental, and other appropriate societal issues related to engineering biology, including integrating research on such topics with the research and development in engineering biology, and ensuring that the results of such research are widely disseminated, including through interdisciplinary engineering biology research centers described in subsection (b)(1)