; and (2) subject to an oath or attestation under penalty of perjury that the challenger has a good faith factual basis to believe that the individual who is the subject of the challenge is ineligible to register to vote or vote in that election, except a challenge which is based on the race or national origin of the individual who is the subject of the challenge may not be considered to have a good faith factual basis for purposes of this paragraph. (d) Penalties for Knowing Misconduct Whoever knowingly challenges the eligibility of one or more individuals to register or vote or knowingly causes the eligibility of such individuals to be challenged in violation of this section with the intent that one or more eligible voters be disqualified, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both, for each such violation. Each violation shall be a separate offense. (e) No Effect on Related Laws Nothing in this section is intended to override the protections of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 ( 52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.) or to affect the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ( 52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.). . (b) Clerical Amendment The table of sections for chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 8141(b), is amended by adding at the end the following: 613. Voter caging and other questionable challenges. . 8302. Development and adoption of best practices for preventing voter caging (a) Best practices Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Election Assistance Commission shall develop and publish for the use of States recommendations for best practices to deter and prevent violations of section 613 of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 8301(a), including practices to provide for the posting of relevant information at polling places and voter registration agencies, the training of poll workers and election officials, and relevant educational measures. For purposes of this subsection, the term State includes the District of