1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Restoration of the U.S.-Russia Polar Bear Conservation Fund Act . 2. Findings The Congress finds the following: (1) The United States Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that the polar bear population is currently at 20,000 to 25,000 bears, up from as low as 5,000 to 10,000 bears in the 1950s and 1960s. (2) A 2002 United States Geological Survey of wildlife in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Coastal Plain noted that the polar bear populations may now be near historic highs . (3) A permit fee for importing polar bears will invigorate the public-private funding partnership for the United States-Russian Polar Bear Conservation Fund. (4) TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network, has stated both that the global population of Polar Bears is not small and the species’ area of distribution is not restricted, and [t]rade does not appear to be a significant threat to the species. . TRAFFIC also recommended that the polar bear not be uplisted to appendix 1 at the 16th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES). (5) The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)/Species Survival Commission (SSC) Polar Bear Specialist Group (PBSG), has stated that further trade restrictions on the polar bear are unlikely to confer a conservation benefit, and could have a negative impact on socioeconomic systems as well as domestic and international partnerships . (6) The International Union for Conservation of Nature has found that hunting is a form of wildlife use that, when well-managed, may assist in furthering conservation objectives by creating the revenue and economic incentives for the management and conservation of the target species and its habitat, as well as supporting local livelihoods . 3. Permits for importation of polar bear trophies The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 is amended— (1) in section 101(a)(3)(B) ( 16 U.S.C. 1371(a)(3)(B) ), by inserting or under section 104(c)(5) of this