Whereas the Russian Federation has been a longstanding adversary of the United States; Whereas the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), James Comey, and the Director of the National Security Agency, Michael Rogers, testified at a March 20, 2017, hearing of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (in this resolution referred to as the HPSCI Hearing ) that the Russian Federation is a foreign adversary of the United States and should be treated as such in all interactions with United States officials; Whereas the Russian Federation has an institutionalized opposition to human rights, democracy, and the sovereignty of its neighbors, exhibited most recently in its 2014 invasion of Crimea, its support for troops that shot down a Malaysian Airlines passenger jet, its state-sponsored suppression of an independent media, and its support for Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad; Whereas 17 United States intelligence agencies jointly concluded in a January 2017 public report ( IC report ) that Russian President Vladimir Putin personally ordered a campaign to interfere in the 2016 United States elections in order to harm former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s chances of winning with a preference toward candidate Donald Trump; Whereas the Russian Federation’s attack on the 2016 United States elections was multi-faceted, and included the hacking and dissemination of the contents of electronic systems of the Democratic National Committee and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee and its emails, the hacking and dissemination of the e-mails of Secretary Clinton’s campaign chairman, the probing of voter databases in Florida, Illinois, and, Arizona, the dissemination of fake news through paid social media trolls, and using its state broadcasting station—directly tied to Russia’s intelligence services—RT, to attack Secretary Clinton and support Donald Trump