; and (C) arbitrary arrest and detention of Rohingya men without charge. (18) According to Human Rights Watch, Burmese security forces have committed widespread rape against women and girls as part of a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Rohingya Muslims in Burma’s Rakhine State. Survivors said that soldiers gathered them together in groups and then raped or gang raped them. (19) Because survivors of conflict-related sexual or gender-based violence know very little about the abusers, aside from identifying the abuser as a member of a military unit, existing laws and accountability mechanisms often fail to protect victims of such violence. (20) Satellite images captured by Human Rights Watch reveal that, out of the approximately 470 villages in northern Rakhine State, most of which were completely or partially populated with Rohingya Muslims, nearly 300 were partially or completely destroyed by fire after August 25, 2017. (21) The Government of Burma has continued to block access to northern Rakhine State by United Nations and other humanitarian organizations, preventing hundreds of thousands of vulnerable Rohingya, Rahkine, and other ethnic groups, including children with acute malnutrition, from receiving humanitarian aid. According to a report by the United Nations Children’s Fund, a diphtheria outbreak has led to 424 cases and 6 deaths since December 6, 2017. In addition, the levels of global acute malnutrition in refugees from Burma exceeds the World Health Organization’s threshold by 15 percent in children aged 6–59 months. Over 50 percent of the Rohingya children are reported to be suffering from anemia. (22) In response to previous violence between the Burmese military and the ethnic Rohingya people in 2016, Aung San Suu Kyi established the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State headed by former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan to address tensions in Northern Rakhine. She has since also endorsed the Commission’s recommendations and established an Advisory Team for the Committee for the