; (B) cooperated with independent efforts to investigate such abuses; (C) been held accountable for such abuses; or (D) demonstrated substantial progress in reforming the individual’s behavior with respect to the protection of human rights in the conduct of civil-military relations; and (2) removing the individual from the list is in the vital national interest of the United States. (d) Penalties (1) In general Any person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this section or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (b) shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1705 ) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section. (2) Rule of construction This subsection shall not be construed to require the President to declare a national emergency under section 202 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 ). (e) Exceptions (1) Humanitarian assistance A requirement to impose sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to the provision of medicine, medical equipment or supplies, food, or any other form of humanitarian or human rights-related assistance provided to Burma in response to a humanitarian crisis. (2) United nations headquarters agreement Subsection (b)(1) shall not apply to the admission of an individual to the United States if such admission is necessary to comply with United States obligations under the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, or under the Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967, or other international obligations of the United States. (f) Definitions In this section: (1) Account