Graduate medical education programs and teaching hospitals provide venues in which the next generation of physicians learns to work collaboratively with other physicians and health professionals, adopt more efficient care delivery models (such as care coordination and medical homes), incorporate health information technology and electronic health records in every aspect of their work, apply new methods of assuring quality and safety, and participate in groundbreaking clinical and public health research. (13) The Medicare program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.) (having more beneficiaries than any other health care program), supports its fair share of the costs associated with graduate medical education. (14) In general, the level of support of graduate medical education by the Medicare program has been capped since 1997 and has not been increased to support the expansion of graduate medical education programs needed to avert the projected physician shortage or to accommodate the increase in United States medical school graduates. (b) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that eliminating the limit of the number of residency positions that receive some level of Medicare support under section 1886(h) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395ww(h) ), also referred to as the Medical graduate medical education cap, is critical to— (1) ensuring an appropriate supply of physicians to meet the health care needs in the United States