items to Iran, paying the United States Government a penalty of $892,360,064 for activity between January 2010 and January 2016. (11) The Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control issued a subpoena to Huawei as part of a Federal investigation of alleged violations of trade restrictions on Cuba, Iran, Sudan, and Syria. (12) In the bipartisan Investigative Report on the United States National Security Issues Posed by Chinese Telecommunication Companies Huawei and ZTE released in 2012 by the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, it was recommended that U.S. government systems, particularly sensitive systems, should not include Huawei or ZTE equipment, including in component parts. Similarly, government contractors—particularly those working on contracts for sensitive U.S. programs—should exclude ZTE or Huawei equipment in their systems. . (b) Prohibition on use or procurement The Secretary of Defense may not— (1) procure or obtain or extend or renew a contract to procure or obtain any equipment, system, or service that uses covered telecommunications equipment or services as a substantial or essential component of any system, or as critical technology as part of any system