; and (B) to permit the imposition of appropriate penalties for the unauthorized use and disclosure of information maintained by the PDMP. (b) PDMP strategies The Secretary shall encourage a State, in establishing, improving, or maintaining a PDMP, to implement strategies that improve— (1) the reporting of dispensing in the State of a controlled substance to an ultimate user so the reporting occurs not later than 24 hours after the dispensing event; (2) the consultation of the PDMP by each prescribing practitioner, or their designee, in the State before initiating treatment with a controlled substance, or any substance as required by the State to be reported to the PDMP, and over the course of ongoing treatment for each prescribing event; (3) the consultation of the PDMP before dispensing a controlled substance, or any substance as required by the State to be reported to the PDMP; (4) the proactive notification to a practitioner when patterns indicative of controlled substance misuse by a patient, including opioid misuse, are detected; (5) the availability of data in the PDMP to other States, as allowable under State law; and (6) the availability of nonidentifiable information to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for surveillance, epidemiology, statistical research, or educational purposes. (c) Drug misuse and abuse In consultation with practitioners, dispensers, and other relevant and interested stakeholders, a State receiving support under this section— (1) shall establish a program to notify practitioners and dispensers of information that will help to identify and prevent the unlawful diversion or misuse of controlled substances