; and (3) provides instructions on how to file such a complaint. (k) Effective date (1) Refusal; retaliation; cause of action (A) In general Subsections (c) through (e) shall apply to objections and refusals occurring on or after the effective date of the provision of this title to which the objection or refusal relates. (B) Exception Subsection (c)(2) shall not apply to objections or refusals in any hospital before the requirements of section 3401(a) or 3403(a), as applicable, apply to that hospital. (2) Protections for reporting Subsection (h)(1) shall apply to actions occurring on or after the effective date of the provision to which the violation relates, except that such subsection shall apply to initiation, cooperation, or participation in an investigation or proceeding on or after the date of enactment of this title. (3) Notice Subsection (j) shall take effect 18 months after the date of enactment of this title. 3406. Enforcement (a) In general The Secretary shall enforce the requirements and prohibitions of this title in accordance with this section. (b) Procedures for receiving and investigating complaints The Secretary shall establish procedures under which— (1) any person may file a complaint alleging that a hospital has violated a requirement or a prohibition of this title; and (2) such complaints shall be investigated by the Secretary. (c) Remedies If the Secretary determines that a hospital has violated a requirement of this title, the Secretary— (1) shall require the facility to establish a corrective action plan to prevent the recurrence of such violation; and (2) may impose civil money penalties, as described in subsection (d). (d) Civil penalties (1) In general In addition to any other penalties prescribed by law, the Secretary may impose civil penalties as follows: (A) Hospital liability The Secretary may impose on a hospital found to be in violation of this title a civil money penalty of— (i) not more than $25,000 for the first knowing violation of this title by such hospital