; and (ii) addresses the underlying causes of the current humanitarian and human rights crisis affecting Burma’s Rohingya people as well as the other residents of the Rakhine, Kachin, and Shan states in Burma, including ethnic cleansing, extrajudicial killings, sexual and gender-based violence, and forced displacement resulting from intercommunal violence and the human rights abuses committed by the Burmese military and security forces. (8) Actions of the Burmese military, known as the Tatmadaw, including continuing assaults on personnel and territory controlled by armed ethnic organizations, military offenses immediately preceding the peace conference in Naypyitaw, and human rights abuses against civilians in conflict areas, undermine confidence in establishing a credible nationwide cease-fire agreement to end Burma’s civil war. (9) The people of Burma continue to suffer from an ongoing internal armed conflict between the Tatmadaw and nearly 20 armed ethnic groups. Any prospects for a full democracy in Burma are contingent on ending the internal armed conflict and finding a path toward national reconciliation between Burma’s Bamar majority and its various ethnic minorities, including through the establishment of a federated state or similar structure of governance that provides for meaningful political participation by all citizens. (10) Since 2011, over 98,000 people have been displaced in the states of Kachina and Shan over the escalating violence and instability, resulting in continued massive internal displacement, causing a massive humanitarian crisis, continuing to undermine the trust necessary to achieve a durable, lasting peace, and disproportionately affecting the lives of innocent civilians including the thousands of internally displaced persons forced from their homes. (11) According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, around 50 percent of such displaced people are staying in areas beyond the control of the Government of Burma, where access to humanitarian aid is