1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Primate Protection and Research Modernization Act of 2018 . 2. Findings Congress finds that— (1) numerous recent high-profile research studies involving nonhuman primates, both in private and government facilities, raise serious concerns about animal welfare, government waste, and the scientific validity of the studies; (2) most nonhuman primates used in research are owned or financially supported by the Federal Government; (3) nonhuman primates are highly intelligent and social animals, and most research laboratory environments do not meet the complex physical, social, and psychological needs of nonhuman primates; (4) the Institute of Medicine and National Research Council report entitled Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research concluded that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable research model in the past, most current uses of chimpanzees are unnecessary; (5) the concerns relating to the scientific validity of using chimpanzees to model human disease are magnified in the case of research involving other nonhuman primates, with whom humans are even less genetically and morphologically similar; (6) nonhuman primate research is very often not effective in leading to treatments for humans, as demonstrated by high failure rates for new drugs and the nonreproducibility of preclinical research results; (7) alternatives to nonhuman primate research such as organs-on-chips technology and computer modeling are now available