attainment. These communities often lack the resources and supports needed to prevent and reverse youth disconnection. (15) Many at-risk or opportunity youth, finding that traditional pathways to educational attainment or employment are ill-matched to their individual needs, struggle to remain connected or reconnect to school and work. (16) For some youth, individual barriers—such as unstable housing, lack access to affordable child care or transportation, or involvement in the juvenile or criminal justice system—make it difficult to take advantage of existing employment and education pathways. (17) According the 2016 report, Supportive Services in Job Training and Education: A Research Review , studies suggest that education and training programs that offer supportive services, such as child care, transportation, and financial assistance, are associated with improved outcomes. (18) Community-based preventions and interventions can address the distinct problems opportunity youth may face in the local community and provide a connection to the education and training, re-engagement, and supportive services needed to help these young people succeed. (19) Previous Federal grant programs targeting communities with high rates of poverty have been successful in building such communities’ capacity to improve labor market participation and education attainment rates for young people. 3. Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Labor— (1) $1,500,000,000 to carry out section 5