; and (ii) any entity owned or controlled, in whole or in part, by the government of a country described in clause (i). . (b) Effective date The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to any individual who, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, leaves a position to which section 207(m) of title 18, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)), applies. 3. Elimination of 20-percent exemption for former Presidents, Vice Presidents, Members of Congress, and other executive branch officers engaging in lobbying on behalf of countries of particular concern (a) Elimination of exemption Section 3(10) of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 ( 2 U.S.C. 1602(10) ) is amended to read as follows: (10) Lobbyist (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), term lobbyist means any individual who is employed or retained by a client for financial or other compensation for services that include more than one lobbying contact. (B) Exception Subparagraph (A) does not apply to an individual with respect to a client if the individual’s lobbying activities constitute less than 20 percent of the time engaged in the services provided by such individual to that client over a 3-month period. The previous sentence does not apply to an individual with respect to a client if the client is a country of particular concern (as defined in paragraph (3)(C) of section 207(m) of title 18, United States Code) and the individual held a position to which section 207(m) of title 18, United States Code, applies. . (b) Effective date The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to lobbying contacts made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.