; (ii) a State public utilities commission; (iii) an electric utility, including a local distribution company; (iv) a municipality; (v) a large industrial consumer, large commercial consumer, or retail marketer of natural gas; or (vi) a third-party energy efficiency program administrator. (B) Limitations An entity described in any of clauses (ii) through (v) of subparagraph (A) shall not be eligible to participate in the pilot program if the State law to which the entity is subject specifically precludes the participation of the entity in a natural gas demand response pilot program. (3) Requirement The Secretary shall carry out the pilot program under different scenarios, including in a region that is experiencing fuel shortages or natural gas infrastructure constraints that cause the cost of energy to increase for consumers. (4) Data collection (A) In general In carrying out the pilot program, the Secretary shall collect data, including data on, with respect to the regions in which the pilot program is carried out— (i) the reduction in natural gas usage; (ii) decreases in the frequency and severity of natural gas infrastructure constraints; and (iii) changes in energy costs and reliability. (B) Report The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report describing— (i) how to improve data collection; (ii) the metrics that should be used to quantify natural gas demand response usage; and (iii) opportunities to improve the measurement and verification of changes in natural gas consumption resulting from natural gas demand response measures, including opportunities to collect data that could be used to estimate the quantity of natural gas that could be shifted through the implementation of natural gas demand response measures. (c) Applications