1. Short title (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Medicare Ambulance Access, Fraud Prevention, and Reform Act of 2017 . (b) Table of contents The table of contents of this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title. Sec. 2. Reform to the Medicare ambulance fee schedule. Sec. 3. Prior authorization for ambulance transports of ESRD beneficiaries. Sec. 4. Requiring providers of services and ambulance service providers to submit cost data and other information with respect to ambulance services. Sec. 5. Treatment of ambulance service providers. 2. Reform to the Medicare ambulance fee schedule (a) In general Section 1834(l) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395m(l) ) is amended by adding the following new paragraphs: (17) Increase in conversion factor for ground ambulance services In the case of ground ambulance services furnished on or after January 1, 2018, for purposes of determining the fee schedule amount for such services under this subsection, the conversion factor otherwise applicable to such services shall be increased by— (A) with respect to ground ambulance services for which the transportation originates in a qualified rural area, as identified using the methodology described in paragraph (12)(B)(iii), 25.6 percent; (B) with respect to ground ambulance services not described in subparagraph (A) and for which the transportation originates in a rural area described under paragraph (9) or in a rural census tract described in such paragraph, 3 percent