; (13) in 1787, Thomas Jefferson, in Notes on the Commonwealth of Virginia, mentioned the Mattaponi Indians on a reservation in King William County and said that Chickahominy Indians were blended with the Mattaponi Indians and nearby Pamunkey Indians; (14) in 1850, the census of the United States revealed a nucleus of approximately 10 families, all ancestral to modern Upper Mattaponi Indians, living in central King William County, Virginia, approximately 10 miles from the reservation; (15) during the period of 1853 through 1884, King William County marriage records listed Upper Mattaponis as Indians in marrying people residing on the reservation; (16) during the period of 1884 through the present, county marriage records usually refer to Upper Mattaponis as Indians ; (17) in 1901, Smithsonian anthropologist James Mooney heard about the Upper Mattaponi Indians but did not visit them; (18) in 1928, University of Pennsylvania anthropologist Frank Speck published a book on modern Virginia Indians with a section on the Upper Mattaponis; (19) from 1929 until 1930, the leadership of the Upper Mattaponi Indians opposed the use of a colored designation in the 1930 United States census and won a compromise in which the Indian ancestry of the Upper Mattaponis was recorded but questioned; (20) during the period of 1942 through 1945— (A) the leadership of the Upper Mattaponi Indians, with the help of Frank Speck and others, fought against the induction of young men of the Tribe into colored units in the Armed Forces of the United States; and (B) a tribal roll for the Upper Mattaponi Indians was compiled; (21) from 1945 to 1946, negotiations took place to admit some of the young people of the Upper Mattaponi to high schools for Federal Indians (especially at Cherokee) because no high school coursework was available for Indians in Virginia schools