; (2) by expanding existing IUU fishing enforcement training; (3) by providing targeted, country- and region-specific training on combating IUU fishing; and (4) by supporting increased effectiveness and transparency of the fisheries enforcement sectors of the governments of such countries. (c) Port security assistance The officials referred to in subsection (a) shall provide assistance, as appropriate, to countries in priority regions and priority flag states to implement programs related to port security and capacity for the purposes of preventing IUU fishing products from entering the global seafood market, including support for implementing the Port State Measures Agreement. (d) Capacity building for investigations and prosecutions The officials referred to in subsection (a), in collaboration with the governments of priority flag states and key countries within priority regions, shall design and implement programs in such countries, as appropriate, to increase the capacity of IUU fishing enforcement and customs and border security officers to improve their ability— (1) to conduct effective investigations, including using law enforcement techniques such as undercover investigations and the development of informer networks and actionable intelligence; (2) to conduct vessel boardings and inspections at sea and associated enforcement actions; (3) to exercise existing shiprider agreements and to enter into and implement new shiprider agreements, as appropriate; (4) to conduct vessel inspections at port and associated enforcement actions; (5) to assess technology needs and promote the use of technology to improve monitoring, enforcement, and prosecution of IUU fishing; (6) to conduct DNA-based and forensic identification of seafood used in trade