; (ii) to provide for an investigation of any health-related issue of concern raised in a planning process, an environmental impact assessment process, or policy appraisal relating to a proposed activity; (iii) to describe and compare alternatives (including no-action alternatives) to a proposed activity to provide clarification with respect to the potential health outcomes associated with the proposed activity and, where appropriate, to the related benefit-cost or cost-effectiveness of the proposed activity and alternatives; (iv) to contribute, when applicable, to the findings of a planning process, policy appraisal, or an environmental impact statement with respect to the terms and conditions of implementing a proposed activity or related mitigation recommendations, as necessary; (v) to ensure that the disproportionate distribution of negative impacts among vulnerable populations is minimized as much as possible; (vi) to engage affected community members and ensure adequate opportunity for public comment on all stages of the health impact assessment; (vii) where appropriate, to consult with local and county health departments and appropriate organizations, including planning, transportation, and housing organizations and providing them with information and tools regarding how to conduct and integrate health impact assessment into their work; and (viii) to inspect homes, water systems, and other elements that pose risks to lead exposure, with an emphasis on areas that pose a higher risk to children. (4) Assessments Health impact assessments carried out using grant funds under this section shall— (A) take appropriate health factors into consideration as early as practicable during the planning, review, or decisionmaking processes; (B) assess the effect on the health of individuals and populations of proposed policies, projects, or plans that result in modifications to the built environment