; and (3) conduct a campaign to proactively educate local election officials about the designation of voting systems as critical infrastructure and election officials at all levels of government of voting system threats. 103. Voting system threat and research and development (a) In general In furtherance of local election official preparedness and response, the Secretary of Homeland Security, acting through the Under Secretary for Science and Technology, and in consultation with other relevant agencies and departments of the Federal Government and relevant State and local election official operators of election infrastructure, shall conduct research and development to mitigate the consequences of voting systems threats. (b) Scope The scope of the research and development under subsection (a) shall include the following: (1) An objective scientific analysis of the risks to critical election infrastructures from a range of threats. (2) Determination of the voting system assets and infrastructures that are at risk from intrusion, compromise, disruption or destruction. (3) An evaluation of emergency planning and response technologies that would address the findings and recommendations of experts, including those of a Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from election administration or voting system attack. (4) An analysis of technology options that are available to improve the resiliency of critical infrastructure to voting system threats. (5) The restoration and recovery capabilities of critical infrastructure under differing levels of damage and disruption. (c) Comprehensive plan (1) In general The Secretary of Homeland Security shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a comprehensive plan to protect and prepare the critical infrastructure of the voting systems used in the United States against threats, including from acts of terrorism. (2) Plan requirements The