; and (B) the owner or operator discharges the ballast water in accordance with other requirements established by the Secretary. (2) Commercial vessels entering the Great Lakes system In the case of a commercial vessel that enters the Great Lakes through the Saint Lawrence River after operating outside the exclusive economic zone of the United States or Canada, the owner or operator shall— (A) comply with the requirements of— (i) paragraph (1); (ii) subpart C of part 151 of title 33, Code of Federal Regulations; and (iii) section 401.30 of title 33, Code of Federal Regulations; and (B) conduct a complete ballast water exchange in an area that is 200 nautical miles or more from any shore before the owner or operator may discharge ballast water while operating in the Saint Lawrence River or the Great Lakes, subject to any requirements the Secretary determines necessary with regard to such exchange, or any ballast water management system that is to be used in conjunction with such exchange, to ensure that any discharge of ballast water complies with the requirements of paragraph (1). (3) Safety exemption Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), an owner or operator may discharge any ballast water into navigable waters of the United States from a commercial vessel if— (A) the ballast water is discharged solely to ensure the safety of life at sea; (B) the ballast water is discharged accidentally as the result of damage to the commercial vessel or its equipment and— (i) all reasonable precautions to prevent or minimize the discharge have been taken; and (ii) the owner or operator did not willfully or recklessly cause such damage