The Attorney General may make grants to States, units of local government, Indian tribal governments, or other public and private entities, or to any multijurisdictional or regional consortia of such entities, to study and implement effective management, training, recruiting, hiring, and oversight standards and programs to promote effective community and problem solving strategies for law enforcement agencies. (b) Project grants To study law enforcement agency management Grants made under subsection (a) shall be used for the study of management and operations standards for law enforcement agencies, including standards relating to administrative due process, residency requirements, compensation and benefits, use of force, racial profiling, early warning systems, juvenile justice, school safety, civilian review boards or analogous procedures, or research into the effectiveness of existing programs, projects, or other activities designed to address misconduct by law enforcement officers. (c) Project grants To develop pilot programs Grants made under subsection (a) shall also be used to develop pilot programs and implement effective standards and programs in the areas of training, hiring and recruitment, and oversight that are designed to improve management and address misconduct by law enforcement officers. These programs shall include the following characteristics: (1) Training Law enforcement policies, practices, and procedures addressing training and instruction to comply with accreditation standards in the areas of— (A) the use of lethal, nonlethal force, and de-escalation