Whereas in 2016 approximately half of the 36,700,000 people living with human immunodeficiency virus (referred to in this preamble as HIV ) worldwide are women and 2,100,000 are children; Whereas HIV is a leading cause of death worldwide among women of childbearing age; Whereas nearly 90 percent of HIV-positive expectant mothers in need of HIV-related services worldwide live in sub-Saharan Africa; Whereas women around the world rely on essential pre- and post-natal care to provide screening for diseases such as HIV, and to provide care for the health of women and infants; Whereas the usage of antiretroviral drugs as prophylaxis can reduce the likelihood of mother-to-child transmission of HIV to less than 5 percent; Whereas in 2005 only 14 percent of women received services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (referred to in this preamble as PMTCT ); Whereas in 2016, 76 percent of women received PMTCT services; Whereas, since 2001, the number of children born HIV-positive has decreased by more than half; Whereas, despite increased efforts by the United States and countries around the world, over 400 children were born HIV-positive each day in 2016; Whereas 90 percent of children with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa; Whereas in 2016 only 43 percent of children with HIV received antiretroviral therapy, far below the percentage of adults receiving antiretroviral therapy; Whereas, without treatment, half of children with HIV will die by their second birthday, and 80 percent by their fifth birthday; Whereas, in 2016, 120,000 children died of causes related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (referred to in this preamble as AIDS ); Whereas, in 2016, 22 percent of new HIV infections occurred in young women aged 15 to 24; Whereas, in sub-Saharan Africa, young women account for 75 percent of new annual HIV infections among adolescents; Whereas AIDS is a leading cause of death among adolescents globally