of fish and wildlife. The result of dropping the July 2000 rule is that the restoration of polluted rivers, shorelines, and lakes will be delayed, harming more fish and wildlife and worsening the quality of drinking water. (iv) On December 2, 2008, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers jointly issued a guidance document in the form of a legal memorandum, titled Clean Water Act Jurisdiction Following the U.S. Supreme Court’s Decision in Rapanos v. United States & Carabell v. United States . This new guidance dictates enforcement actions under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and calls for a complicated case-by-case analysis to determine jurisdiction for waterways that do not flow all year. Such actions endanger small streams and wetlands that serve as important habitats for aquatic life, which play a fundamental role in safeguarding sources of clean drinking water and mitigate the risks and effects of floods and droughts. Further, the definition provided therein for waters of the United States is applicable to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as a whole, potentially affecting programs that control industrial pollution and sewage levels, prevent oil spills, and set water quality standards for all waters in the United States protected under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. (B) Forests and land management (i) On December 3, 2003, the President signed into law the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 ( Public Law 108–148