1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Examining Opioid Treatment Infrastructure Act of 2018 . 2. Study on treatment infrastructure Not later than 24 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate an evaluation of, and submit to Congress a report on, the in-patient and outpatient treatment capacity, availability, and needs of the United States, including, to the extent data are available— (1) the capacity of acute residential or in-patient detoxification programs; (2) the capacity of in-patient clinical stabilization programs, transitional residential support services, and residential rehabilitation programs; (3) the capacity of demographic specific residential or in-patient treatment programs, such as those designed for pregnant women or adolescents; (4) geographical differences of the availability of residential and outpatient treatment and recovery options for substance use disorders across the continuum of care; (5) the availability of residential and outpatient treatment programs that offer treatment options based on reliable scientific evidence of efficacy for the treatment of substance use disorders, including the use of Food and Drug Administration-approved medicines and evidence-based nonpharmacological therapies; (6) the number of patients in residential and specialty outpatient treatment services for substance use disorders; (7) an assessment of the need for residential and outpatient treatment for substance use disorders across the continuum of care; (8) the availability of residential and outpatient treatment programs to American Indians and Alaska Natives through an Indian health program (as defined by section 4 of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act ( 25 U.S.C. 1603 )); and (9) the barriers (including technological barriers) at the Federal, State, and local levels to real-time reporting of de-identified information on drug overdoses and ways to overcome such barriers.