1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Agriculture Data Act of 2018 . 2. Data on conservation practices Subtitle E of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 16 U.S.C. 3841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 1247. Data on conservation practices (a) Purpose The purpose of this section is to increase the knowledge of how covered conservation practices or suites of covered conservation practices impact farm and ranch profitability (such as crop yields, soil health, and other risk-reducing factors) by using an appropriate collection, review, and analysis of data. (b) Definitions In this section: (1) Covered conservation practice The term covered conservation practice means a specific conservation practice or enhancement that is designed to protect soil health, farm and ranch productivity, or both (including the protection of wildlife habitat) while maintaining or enhancing crop yields in an economically sustainable manner (including such a conservation practice or enhancement that is supported by the Department or used independently by a producer), as determined by the Secretary. (2) Department The term Department means the Department of Agriculture. (c) Data collection, review, analysis, and technical assistance The Secretary, acting through the one or more applicable Under Secretaries that head mission areas relating to farm and ranch productivity and conservation, in coordination with the Chief Economist and the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics, shall carry out the following activities: (1) Not less frequently than once each year, review, and publish a summary of, existing research of the Department, institutions of higher education, and other organizations relating to the impacts of covered conservation practices on enhancing crop yields, soil health, and otherwise reducing risk and improving farm and ranch profitability. (2) Identify currently collected data relating to the impacts of covered conservation practices on enhancing crop yields, soil health, and