; (B) a Federal or State entity with a focus on developing clean technologies or clusters, as determined by the Secretary; (C) a nongovernmental organization with expertise in translational research, clean technology, or cluster development; or (D) any other entity determined appropriate by the Secretary. (7) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Commerce. (8) Translational research The term translational research means the coordination of basic or applied research with technical applications to enable promising discoveries or inventions to achieve commercial application. 3. Establishment of clean technology consortia program (a) In general The Secretary shall establish and carry out a program to establish clean technology consortia to enhance the economic, environmental, and energy security of the United States by promoting domestic development, manufacture, and deployment of clean, state-of-the-art technologies. (b) Program The Secretary shall carry out the program established under subsection (a) by leveraging the expertise and resources of private research communities, institutions of higher education, industry, venture capital, National Laboratories (as defined in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 15801 )), and other participants in technology innovation— (1) to support collaborative, cross-disciplinary research and development in clean technologies and advanced manufacturing; and (2) to develop and accelerate the commercial application of innovative clean technologies and advanced manufacturing practices. (c) Role of the Secretary The Secretary shall— (1) carry out and oversee all aspects of the program established under subsection (a); (2) select recipients of grants for the establishment and operation of consortia through a competitive selection process