procedures such as ETV/CPC have the potential to save thousands of lives annually and prevent or mitigate physical and mental disabilities in thousands of children in developing countries. (16) A number of international studies show that between 3.5 to 15 percent of all patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or another form of dementia actually have Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, a condition in which there is too much cerebrospinal fluid, used to cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord, in cavities in the brain called ventricles. Such significant incidents of misdiagnosis illustrate the need for greater awareness among members of the medical profession and the general public of adult hydrocephalus, as well as the need for adopting a holistic approach towards brain health instead of a siloed one. (17) Dementia is a degenerative condition caused by disease of the brain—usually of a chronic or progressive nature in which there is disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgment. Between 5 to 7 percent of the world’s population age 60 and above are estimated to have dementia. (18) Dementia can be caused by various factors, including traumatic or localized brain injury, a temporary interruption of the brain’s supply of blood or oxygen, infection, stroke, brain hemorrhage, prolonged seizures, or even excessive alcohol use. (19) According to Alzheimer’s Disease International, more than 47,000,000 people worldwide were suffering from Alzheimer’s or dementia in 2015, a figure that will expand to more than 75,000,000 people by 2030 and more than 131,000,000 people by 2050 if the current trajectory of the disease remains unchanged. Globally, a new person develops dementia every four seconds. Almost 60 percent of people with dementia globally live in low-to-middle income countries, and by 2050 this percentage will exceed 70 percent. (20) Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias impose a devastating,