1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Census Equality Act . 2. Requirement to collect data on sexual orientation and gender identity (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Bureau The term Bureau means the Bureau of the Census. (2) Gender identity The term gender identity means the gender-related identity, appearance, or mannerisms or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, regardless of the designated sex of the individual at birth. (3) Household data The term household data means information about individuals who occupy a housing unit. (4) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Commerce. (5) Sexual orientation The term sexual orientation means homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality. (b) Expansion of data collection (1) In general The Secretary, in carrying out sections 141 and 193 of title 13, United States Code, shall expand the data collection efforts of the Bureau to require the collection of data concerning sexual orientation and gender identity as part of the decennial census and the American Community Survey. (2) Methods Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Bureau shall research, identify, and begin implementing a plan to include questions concerning sexual orientation and gender identity in the decennial Census and the American Community Survey. (c) Implementation The plan required under subsection (b) shall require— (1) inclusion of questions concerning sexual orientation and gender identity on the decennial census at the earliest feasible date, but not later than the 2030 decennial census