; (III) that is the subject of a planned or ongoing response action under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ( 42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.) or a similar Federal and State reclamation or cleanup program; (IV) that has a responsible owner or operator; or (V) that actively mined or processed minerals after December 11, 1980. (10) Passive landowner The term passive landowner means an individual who— (A) owns property containing an orphan mine site; (B) had no part in the operation of the orphan mine site; and (C) took ownership of the property described in subparagraph (A) after termination of the mining operation at the orphan mine site. (11) Person The term person means any entity described in— (A) section 502(5) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act ( 33 U.S.C. 1362(5) ); and (B) section 101(21) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ( 42 U.S.C. 9601(21) ). (12) Remediation (A) In general The term remediation means any action taken to investigate, characterize, or cleanup, in whole or in part, a discharge, release, or threat of release of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant into the environment at or from an orphan mine site, or to otherwise protect and improve human health and the environment. (B) Inclusion The term remediation includes any action to remove, treat, or contain historic mine residue to prevent, minimize, or reduce— (i) the release or threat of release of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant that would harm human health or the environment