; or (B) a nongovernmental entity organized or existing under, and subject to, the laws of the United States or a State. 80102. Certification authority (a) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the American Space Commerce Free Enterprise Act of 2017, the Secretary shall issue a certification for the operation of a space object to any United States entity who submits an application for a certification in satisfaction of the requirements of this chapter. (b) Consultation The Secretary may, as the Secretary considers necessary, consult with the heads of other relevant agencies in carrying out the requirements of this chapter, pursuant to section 80311. (c) Certification required for operation Beginning on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of the American Space Commerce Free Enterprise Act of 2017 , a United States entity may not operate a space object unless the entity holds a certification issued under this chapter for the operation of such object or the entity holds a valid payload approval for launch or reentry under section 50904 as part of a license issued under chapter 509, and that satisfies the requirements of section 80108(a). (d) Foreign entities prohibited The Secretary may not issue a certification under this chapter to any person who is not a United States entity. (e) Coverage of certification The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, require only 1 certification under this chapter for a United States entity to— (1) conduct multiple operations carried out using a single space object; (2) operate multiple space objects that carry out substantially similar operations