; and (2) have been exempted from antitrust laws (as defined in the first section of the Clayton Act ( 15 U.S.C. 12 )) pursuant to section 41308 of title 49, United States Code. (b) Scope The analysis conducted under subsection (a) shall assess— (1) the consequences of alliances, including reduced competition, stifling new entrants into markets, increasing prices in markets, and other adverse consequences; (2) the representations made by air carriers to the Secretary for the necessity of an antitrust exemption; (3) the Department of Transportation’s expectations of public benefits resulting from alliances, including whether such expected benefits were actually achieved; (4) the adequacy of the Department of Transportation’s efforts in the approval and monitoring of alliances, including whether the Department possesses relevant experience and expertise in the fields of antitrust and consumer protection; (5) whether there has been sufficient transparency in the approval of alliances, including opportunities for public review and comment; (6) the role of the Department of Justice in the oversight of alliances; (7) whether there are alternatives to antitrust immunity that could be conferred that would also produce public benefits; (8) whether alliances should be required to expire; (9) the level of competition between air carriers who are members of the same alliance; (10) the level of competition between alliances; (11) whether the Department of Transportation should amend, modify, or revoke any exemption from the antitrust laws granted by the Secretary in connection with an alliance