; 110 Stat. 1489) (referred to in this section as FQPA ), a comprehensive overhaul of Federal pesticide and food safety policy. That Act amended the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act ( 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.) (referred to in this section as FIFRA ) and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), the laws that govern how the Environmental Protection Agency (referred to in this section as the EPA ) registers pesticides and pesticide labels for use in the United States and establishes tolerances or acceptable levels for pesticide residues on food. (2) The FQPA directs the EPA to ensure with reasonable certainty that no harm will result from food, drinking water, and other exposures to a pesticide. If EPA cannot make this safety finding, it must prohibit residues and use of the pesticide on food. The FQPA mandates that EPA must consider children’s special sensitivity and exposure to pesticide chemicals and must make an explicit determination that the pesticide can be used with a reasonable certainty of no harm to children. In determining acceptable levels of pesticide residue, EPA must account for the potential health harm from pre-and postnatal exposures. The economic benefits of pesticides cannot be used to override this health-based standard for children from food and other exposures. (3) Chlorpyrifos is a widely used pesticide first registered by EPA in 1965. Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide, a class of pesticides developed as nerve agents in World War II and adapted for use as insecticides after the war. Chlorpyrifos and other organophosphate pesticides affect the nervous system through inhibition of cholinesterase, an enzyme required for proper nerve functioning. Acute poisonings occur when nerve impulses pulsate through the body, causing symptoms like nausea, vomiting, convulsions, respiratory paralysis, and, in extreme cases, death. Based on dozens of peer-reviewed scientific articles, EPA determined that exposure during pregnancy to even low levels of