1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Protecting Newborns from Opioids Act . 2. Neonatal abstinence syndrome research and surveillance Title III of the Public Health Service Act is amended by inserting after section 317L–1 ( 42 U.S.C. 247b–13a ) the following: 317L–2. Neonatal abstinence syndrome research and surveillance (a) In general The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (referred to in this section as the Director ), shall— (1) award grants to States to create or improve surveillance systems for neonatal abstinence syndrome, and analyze the data collected through such State systems; and (2) conduct research on the prevention, factors surrounding, and health outcomes of neonatal abstinence syndrome. (b) NAS surveillance (1) State grant program To provide support to States receiving grants under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall (directly or through grants or cooperative agreements to public and nonprofit private entities)— (A) cooperate with and assist States in implementing a State-wide surveillance system to rapidly determine the incidence and prevalence of neonatal abstinence syndrome; (B) include demographics and other information, such as race, ethnicity, geographic location, and family history; (C) provide technical assistance to States to improve identification of neonatal abstinence syndrome; (D) ensure a pathway for data sharing between States and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and (E) ensure that data collection is consistent with applicable State and Federal privacy laws. (2) CDC research The Director shall— (A) collect data on neonatal abstinence syndrome that States gather using grant funds under subsection (a)(1); (B) conduct analysis of such data to identify national trends