1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Ammunition Background Check Act of 2018 . 2. Purpose The purpose of this Act is to enhance the background check process in the United States to prevent the purchase of ammunition by individuals prohibited from doing so. 3. Transfers of firearms or ammunition (a) In general Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking subsection (s) and redesignating subsection (t) as subsection (s); (2) in subsection (s) (as so redesignated)— (A) by inserting or ammunition after firearm each place it appears except in paragraph (3); (B) in paragraph (1)(B)(ii), by inserting in the case of a firearm, before 3 ; (C) in paragraph (3)— (i) by striking all that precedes subparagraph (B) and inserting the following: (3) (A) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a transfer between a licensee and another person if— (i) in the case of a firearm transfer— (I) such other person has presented to the licensee a permit that— (aa) allows such other person to possess or acquire a firearm; and (bb) was issued not more than 5 years earlier by the State in which the transfer is to take place; and (II) the law of the State provides that such a permit is to be issued only after an authorized government official has verified that the information available to such official does not indicate that possession of a firearm by such other person would be in violation of law; or (ii) in the case of an ammunition transfer— (I) such other person has presented to the licensee a permit that— (aa) allows such other person to possess or acquire ammunition, or to possess or acquire a firearm; and (bb) was issued not more than 5 years earlier by the State in which the transfer is to take place; and (II) the law of the State provides that such a permit is to be issued only after an authorized government official has verified that the information available to such official does not indicate that possession of ammunition by such other person would be in violation of law;