fact or intention had occurred or may occur in the future. (b) Criminal penalty (1) Knowing violations Except as provided in paragraph (2), a person who knowingly violates or conspires or attempts to violate subsection (a) shall be fined not more than 5 times the amount or value of the exports, reexports, or transfers involved, or $500,000, whichever is greater, and, in the case of an individual, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (2) Willful violations A person who willfully violates or conspires to or attempts to violate any provision of subsection (a) shall be fined not more than 5 times the amount or value of the exports, reexports, or transfers involved, or $1,000,000, whichever is greater, and, in the case of an individual, shall be fined not more than $250,000, or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both. (c) Civil penalties (1) Authority The President may impose the following civil penalties on a person for each violation by that person of this title or any regulation, order, or license issued under this title, for each violation: (A) A fine of not more than $250,000 or an amount that is twice the value of the transaction that is the basis of the violation with respect to which the penalty is imposed, whichever is greater. (B) Revocation of a license issued under this title to the person. (C) A prohibition on the person’s ability to export, reexport, or transfer any items, whether or not subject to controls under this title. (2) Procedures Any civil penalty under this subsection may be imposed only after notice and opportunity for an agency hearing on the record in accordance with sections 554 through 557 of title 5, United States Code. (3) Standards for levels of civil penalty The President may by regulation provide standards for establishing levels of civil penalty under this subsection based upon factors such as the seriousness of the violation, the culpability of the violator, and such mitigating factors as the violator’s record of cooperation with the Government in disclosing the