; and (E) by inserting by the complainant and its licensees after the production of like or directly competitive articles . (4) Subsection (d)(1) is amended by striking the first sentence and inserting the following: If the Commission determines, as a result of an investigation under this section, that there is a violation of this section and that exclusion of the articles concerned would be in the interest of the public, after considering the nature of the articles concerned and the effect of such exclusion upon the public health and welfare, the United States economy (including competitive conditions), the production of like or directly competitive articles by the complainant and its licensees, United States consumers, and any other relevant considerations, the Commission shall direct that the articles concerned that are imported by any person violating the provision of this section be excluded from entry into the United States. . (5) Subsection (e)(1) is amended by striking the first sentence and inserting the following: If, during the course of an investigation under this section, the Commission determines that there is reason to believe that there is a violation of this section and that exclusion of the articles concerned would be in the interest of the public, the Commission may direct that the articles concerned that are imported by any person with respect to whom there is reason to believe that such person is violating this section be excluded from entry into the United States, after considering the nature of the articles concerned and the effect of such exclusion upon the public health and welfare, the United States economy (including competitive conditions), the production of like or directly competitive articles by the complainant and its licensees, United States consumers, and any other relevant considerations. . (6) Subsection (f)(1) is amended by striking the first sentence and inserting the following: In addition to, or in lieu of, taking action under subsection (d) or (e), the Commission may issue