; and (B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. (3) Standard of review The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones. (4) Prohibition No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy technology. (d) Mesoscale electrochemistry (1) In general The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to reveal electrochemistry in confined mesoscale spaces, including scientific discoveries relevant to— (A) bio-electrochemistry and electrochemical energy conversion and storage in confined spaces; and (B) the dynamics of the phenomena described in subparagraph (A). (2) Activities As part of the program described in paragraph (1)— (A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Associate Director of Biological and Environmental Research shall investigate phenomena of mesoscale electrochemical confinement for the purpose of replicating and controlling new electrochemical behavior