; and (ii) sold not fewer than 100 new motor vehicles to ultimate purchasers, either directly or through an affiliate, such as a dealer. (B) Exclusions The term vehicle manufacturer does not include— (i) a motor vehicle parts supplier; or (ii) a dealer. (5) Zero-emission vehicle The term zero-emission vehicle means a motor vehicle that produces zero exhaust emissions of any criteria pollutant, precursor pollutant, or greenhouse gas in any mode of operation or condition, as determined by the Administrator. (b) Compliance For calendar year 2030 and each calendar year thereafter, each vehicle manufacturer shall meet the requirements of subsections (c) and (d) by submitting to the Administrator, not later than April 1 of the following calendar year, as applicable— (1) for a vehicle manufacturer that fails to meet the minimum required percentage of new zero-emission vehicle sales for the applicable calendar year, as determined under subsection (c), a quantity of zero-emission vehicle credits sufficient to offset that excess, as determined by the Administrator