; (B) pumped hydroelectric storage; (C) mechanical storage; (D) thermal storage; (E) compression storage; and (F) other technologies, as determined by the Secretary; (2) a distributed storage subprogram that focuses on distributed energy storage technologies and applications, including existing assets and infrastructure, such as electric hot water heaters and thermal storage for space heating and cooling; (3) a transportation electrification subprogram that focuses on storage for and within electric vehicles, including— (A) light-, medium-, and heavy-duty passenger, utility, transit, and fleet vehicles; (B) vehicle-grid integration, including vehicle-to-grid applications and time-varying pricing signals; and (C) charging infrastructure and related networks and systems; and (4) a responsible battery lifecycle management subprogram that focuses on— (A) recycling spent batteries, including all chemistries of batteries; and (B) designing new batteries for end-of-life recycling. (e) Cost target (1) In general The Secretary shall develop cost targets (including technology costs, installation costs, balance of services costs, and soft costs) for energy storage across all types of energy storage technology. (2) Target update; subtargets Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall— (A) increase the rigor of cost targets based on— (i) a technology-neutral approach that considers all types of— (I) energy storage; (II) application and sector-specific use profiles; and (III) energy storage deployment scenarios, including individual technologies, technology combination use profiles, and integrated control system applications; (ii) input from a variety of stakeholders, including the stakeholders described in subsection (i); (iii) the inclusion and use of existing infrastructure; and (iv) the ability to optimize the integration of intermittent renewable energy generation technology and DERs