; (C) create an inclusive and positive school environment, including through the implementation of culturally responsive and linguistically inclusive practices; (D) effectively communicate and work with parents to support student achievement; (E) effectively manage school operations and resources; and (F) support a system of continuous improvement. (21) Scientifically valid research The term scientifically valid research includes applied research, basic research, and field-initiated research in which the rationale, design, and interpretation are soundly developed in accordance with principles of scientific research. (22) Teacher or school leader mentoring The term teacher or school leader mentoring means the mentoring of new or prospective teachers or school leaders through a program that— (A) includes clear criteria for the selection of teacher or school leader mentors who will provide role model relationships for mentees, which criteria shall be developed by the eligible partnership and based on measures of teacher or school leader effectiveness; (B) provides high-quality training for such mentors, including instructional strategies for comprehensive literacy instruction and creating inclusive and supportive classroom environments (including approaches that improve the schoolwide climate for learning, which may include positive behavioral interventions and supports, including trauma-informed care and social and emotional learning); (C) provides regular and ongoing opportunities for mentors and mentees to observe each other’s teaching or leadership methods in classroom and school settings during the day in a high-need school in the high-need local educational agency in the eligible partnership; (D) provides paid release time for mentors, as applicable; (E) for teachers, provides mentoring to each mentee by a colleague who teaches, or has taught, in the same field, grade, or subject as the mentee