; and (B) enable significant increases in energy efficiency and lower life cycle emissions in the aviation system while achieving a step change in noise emissions. (d) Program elements For each of the programs established under subsection (c), the Administrator shall— (1) include development of experimental aircraft (X–Plane), experimental systems (X–System), multiple technologies, and all necessary supporting flight assets; (2) pursue a robust technology maturation and flight validation program that addresses challenges in technology development and maturation; (3) improve necessary facilities, flight testing capabilities, and computational tools to support the program; (4) only award primary contracts for design, procurement, and manufacture to United States companies, consistent with international obligations and commitments; (5) coordinate research and flight demonstration activities with other Federal agencies, as appropriate, and the United States aviation manufacturing community