; (2) effectively and efficiently monitoring and enforcing the limits on the raising of qualified contributions; (3) effectively and efficiently monitoring and enforcing the limits on the use of personal funds by participating candidates; and (4) monitoring the use of payments under this title through audits of not fewer than 1/3 of all participating candidates or other mechanisms. 532. Violations and penalties (a) Civil penalty for violation of contribution and expenditure requirements If a candidate who has been certified as a participating candidate accepts a contribution or makes an expenditure that is prohibited under section 521, the Commission shall assess a civil penalty against the candidate in an amount that is not more than 3 times the amount of the contribution or expenditure. Any amounts collected under this subsection shall be deposited into the Empowering Citizens Payment Account of the Presidential Election Campaign Fund (established under section 9051 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986). (b) Repayment for improper use of Empowering Citizens Payment Account (1) In general If the Commission determines that any benefit made available to a participating candidate was not used as provided for in this title or that a participating candidate has violated any of the dates for remission of funds contained in this title, the Commission shall so notify the candidate and the candidate shall pay to the Empowering Citizens Payment Account of the Presidential Election Campaign Fund an amount equal to— (A) the amount of benefits so used or not remitted, as appropriate