; (2) in an effort to more efficiently and actively participate in humanitarian burden-sharing, the Governments of the United States and the Republic of South Korea should commit to revisit and explore new opportunities for coordinating efforts to plan for a humanitarian and human rights disaster in advance of the collapse of the DPRK; (3) the United Nations has a significant role to play in promoting and improving human rights in North Korea and should press for access for the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea as well as the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; (4) because refugees among North Koreans fleeing into China face severe punishments upon their forcible return, the United States should urge the Government of the People's Republic of China to— (A) immediately halt its forcible repatriation of North Koreans; (B) fulfill its obligations pursuant to the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, and the 1995 Agreement on the Upgrading of the UNHCR Mission in the People’s Republic of China; (C) allow the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) unimpeded access to North Koreans inside China to determine whether they are refugees and whether they require assistance; (D) address the concerns of the United Nations Committee against Torture by incorporating the principle of non-refoulement into domestic legislation; and (E) recognize the legal status of North Korean women who marry or have children with Chinese citizens, and ensure that all such children are granted resident status and access to education and other public services in accordance with Chinese law and international standards