; (4) examine the merit and feasibility of maintaining a continuous and enduring presence of at least one United States Army company in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania; (5) examine the merit and feasibility of increasing the presence of United States special operations forces in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania to deter aggression, promote interoperability, build resilience through training activities focused on countering unconventional warfare strategies, and enable the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to take collective action if required; (6) examine the merit and feasibility of prepositioning certain equipment and ammunition in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania; (7) continue rotational deployments of United States forces to Romania and Bulgaria while taking full advantage of the training opportunities available at military locations such as Camp Mihail Kogalniceanu in Romania and Novo Selo Training Area in Bulgaria; (8) examine the implications of Russian military activity in the Arctic region for United States military capability, capacity, and force posture; (9) conduct exercises focused on demonstrating the capability to flow United States forces from the continental United States and surge forces from central to eastern Europe in a nonpermissive environment— (A) to test and improve strategic and operational logistics and transportation capabilities; (B) to identify capability gaps, capacity shortfalls, or other limiting factors in the execution of operational plans; and (C) to identify appropriate corrective action; (10) consider incorporating cyber protection teams, to the extent practicable, with rotational forces in Europe with a focus on training United States and allied forces to operate against adversary cyber, electronic warfare, and information operations capabilities; (11) support robust security assistance for Ukraine, including defensive lethal assistance, while promoting necessary defense institutional reforms