; Whereas, according to the 2018 Worldwide Threat Assessment by the Director of the National Intelligence: China will continue to use cyber espionage and bolster cyber attack capabilities to support national security priorities. … China since 2015 has been advancing its cyber attack capabilities by integrating its military cyber attack and espionage resources in the Strategic Support Force, which it established in 2015 ; Whereas, from 2011 to 2018, more than 90 percent of cases handled by the Department of Justice alleging economic espionage by or to benefit a foreign country involved the People’s Republic of China; Whereas more than 2/3 of the cases handled by the Department of Justice involving theft of trade secrets have a nexus to the People’s Republic of China; Whereas experts have asserted that the Made in China 2025 strategy of the Government of the People’s Republic of China will incentivize Chinese entities to engage in unfair competitive behavior, including additional theft of technologies and intellectual property; Whereas the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has also contributed to the rise of cybercrime and according to the 2018 Worldwide Threat Assessment by the Director of the National Intelligence: We expect the heavily sanctioned North Korea to use cyber operations to raise funds and to gather intelligence or launch attacks on South Korea and the United States. … North Korean actors developed and launched the WannaCry ransomware in May 2017, judging from technical links to previously identified North Korean cyber tools, tradecraft, and operational infrastructure. We also assess that these actors conducted the cyber theft of $81 million from the Bank of Bangladesh in 2016 ; Whereas section 2(a)(8) of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 ( 22 U.S.C. 9201(a)(8) ) states, The Government of North Korea has provided technical support and conducted destructive and coercive cyberattacks, including against Sony Pictures Entertainment and other United States persons.