; and (2) the President has received reliable assurances that the person will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions under subsection (a) in the future. . 231. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons engaging in transactions with the intelligence or defense sectors of the Government of the Russian Federation (a) In general On and after the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in section 235 with respect to a person the President determines knowingly, on or after such date of enactment, engages in a significant transaction with a person that is part of, or operates for or on behalf of, the defense or intelligence sectors of the Government of the Russian Federation, including the Main Intelligence Agency of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation or the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. (b) Application of new sanctions The President may waive the initial application of sanctions under subsection (a) with respect to a person only if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees— (1) a written determination that the waiver— (A) is in the vital national security interests of the United States; or (B) will further the enforcement of this title