of themselves leaked online than have their financial information stolen. (F) That survey also revealed that consumers’ fears about the online security of their financial information even outweighed consumers’ worries about other physical security dangers such as having their houses robbed (59 percent) or being pickpocketed (46 percent). (G) Despite the increasing risks consumers face, there is no Federal requirement that ensures victims and other vulnerable consumers can obtain credit freezes, the best tool for protecting against new account fraud, free of charge. Nor is there a Federal requirement to ensure that consumers, regardless of the State they reside in, can proactively get a credit freeze, particularly if they do not have an existing credit file, to guard against the risk of ID theft and fraud for a fair and reasonable fee. (H) As a result of varying State laws, many consumers may be unable to quickly lift a credit freeze that they place on their consumer report, either for a specific creditor or category of creditors when they want or need credit. Indeed, many consumers may not be taking advantage of existing credit freeze rights provided at the State level, if they perceive the benefits of this protection are outweighed by the disadvantages associated with it. (I) According to Consumer Reports, roughly 50 million American consumers spent about $3.5 billion in 2010 to purchase products aimed at protecting their identity, with the annual cost of these services ranging from $120 to $300. As risks to consumers’ personal and financial information continue to grow, consumers need additional protections to ensure that they have fair and reasonable access to the full suite of ID theft and fraud prevention measures that may be right for them. 4. Effective date Except as otherwise specified, the amendments made by this Act shall take effect 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act. I Fixing the dispute process 101. Establishes a new right to appeal disputes completed by consumer reporting agencies