; (4) many Department of Defense programs of record are upgraded replacements of legacy systems that were not premised on the assumption that future conflict could occur in highly-contested environments against militarily advanced near-peer rivals; (5) considerable growth in the size of the military will not be possible without growth in the budget, because the current future-years defense program assumes that defense spending after fiscal year 2019 will only increase at the rate of inflation, while costs for two of the largest drivers of costs for the Department, namely military personnel and operation and maintenance, continue to grow faster than the rate of inflation; (6) the Senate strongly supports the pursuit by the Department of budgetary savings through internal reform and efficiencies, but notes that previous attempts to generate additional resources through such mechanisms did not generate resources as planned; (7) increased force modernization investments must be based on a rigorous reassessment of whether current programs will meet present and future warfighting requirements against near-peer rivals that are making rapid military technological advancements; (8) the Department must conduct further analytical work in order— (A) to facilitate the implementation of the National Defense Strategy, as recommended by the Commission on the National Defense Strategy; and (B) to provide Congress with a more rigorous understanding of, and justification for, future requests for resources to organize, train and equip, and employ the Armed Forces