; (15) in the Pacific Theater, Chinese Americans were in ground, air, and ocean combat and support roles throughout the Pacific including New Guinea, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Philippines, Mariana Islands, and Aleutian Islands; (16) throughout the Pacific and China-Burma-India theaters, Chinese Americans performed vital functions in translating, coordinating National Chinese and United States combat operations, servicing and repairing aircraft and armaments, training National Chinese troops and sailors, delivering medical care, providing signal and communication support, gathering and analyzing intelligence, participating in ground and air combat, and securing and delivering supplies; (17) Chinese Americans also served in combat and support roles in the European and African theaters, serving in North Africa, Sicily, Italy, the Normandy D–Day invasion, which liberated Western Europe, and the Battle of the Bulge, occupying Western Germany while helping to liberate Central Europe; (18) Chinese Americans flew bomber missions, served in infantry units and combat ships in the Battle of the Atlantic, including aboard Merchant Marines convoys vulnerable to submarine and air attacks; (19) Chinese-American women left traditional domestic duties for patriotic service, serving as translators who interpreted Japanese documents containing military plans; (20) many Chinese-American women served in the Women’s Army Corps, the Army Air Forces, and the United States Naval Reserve Women's Reserve, and some became pilots, air traffic controllers, flight trainers, weather forecasters, occupational therapists, and nurses; (21) Captain Francis B. Wai is the only Chinese American who served in World War II to have been awarded a Congressional Medal of Honor, the highest military award given by the United States (22) Captain Wai was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Medal in 1944, which was upgraded in 2000 to a Congressional Medal of Honor