; and (2) nongovernmental or international organizations with appropriate expertise in developing curriculum and teaching English as a second language. (c) Impact on processing times The Secretary shall ensure that such training programs are strictly optional, occur within applicable processing times and do not delay or prevent the departure for the United States of refugees who have been approved for admission to the United States. (d) Timeline for implementation (1) Initial implementation Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall ensure that such training programs are fully and continually operational in at least 3 refugee processing regions. (2) Additional implementation Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall notify the appropriate congressional committees that such training programs are fully and consistently operational in 5 refugee processing regions. (e) GAO report Not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on the implementation of this section, including an assessment of the quality of English as a second language curriculum and instruction, the benefits of the work orientation and English as a second language training program to refugees, and recommendations on whether such programs should be continued, broadened, or modified, and shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the findings of such study. (f) Rule of construction Nothing in this section shall be construed to require that a refugee participate in such a training program as a precondition for the admission to the United States of such refugee. 3. Lawful permanent resident status of refugees and aliens granted asylum (a) Admission of emergency situation refugees Section 207(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1157(c) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (1)— (A) by striking Attorney General the first time it appears and