; and (ii) with respect to the Food and Drug Administration, the Secretary shall not consider amounts appropriated in accordance with subchapter C of chapter VII of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (relating to user fees collected by the Secretary). (4) Prioritizing urgent needs in medical research The Secretary shall ensure that the payments distributed under paragraph (3) are used to meet urgent needs in medical research, including priorities as follows: (A) FDA With respect the Food and Drug Administration, the priority use of the distributions shall include carrying out the goals of the strategy and implementation plan for advancing regulatory science for medical products under section 1124 of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act ( 21 U.S.C. 393 note), and other such research activities in order to promote the public health and advance innovation in regulatory decisionmaking, as determined by the Secretary. (B) NIH With respect to the National Institutes of Health, the priority use of the distributions shall include supporting— (i) research that fosters radical innovation, including— (I) research on diseases or conditions for which treatments exist but are inadequate; (II) research on diseases or conditions for which there are unmet medical needs; (III) research on diseases for which treatments exist but the side effect profiles of such treatments limit the therapeutic potential of such treatments; (IV) research on new approaches to treatment or diagnosis of a disease using a drug, device, or therapy that, at the time of distribution, is not used or is underused; or (V) research to identify new biomarkers; (ii) research that advances fundamental knowledge and technology even if it does not provide immediate or near-term clinical or therapeutic benefits, including research and technology that advances the understanding of biochemistry, biology, protein science, immunology, genetics, virology, microbiology, or neurology