; (2) by striking extreme ; and (3) by inserting , child, after lawfully resident spouse . (c) Previous immigration violations Section 212(a)(9)(C)(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(9)(C)(i) ) is amended by adding , other than an alien described in clause (iii) or (iv) of subparagraph (B), after Any alien . (d) False claims (1) Inadmissibility (A) In general Section 212(a)(6)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(6)(C) ) is amended to read as follows: (C) Misrepresentation (i) In general Any alien who, by fraud or willfully misrepresenting a material fact, seeks to procure (or within the last 3 years has sought to procure or has procured) a visa, other documentation, or admission into the United States or other benefit provided under this Act is inadmissible. (ii) Falsely claiming citizenship (I) Inadmissibility Subject to subclause (II), any alien who knowingly misrepresents himself or herself to be a citizen of the United States for any purpose or benefit under this chapter (including section 274A) or any other Federal or State law is inadmissible. (II) Special rule An alien shall not be inadmissible under this clause if the misrepresentation described in subclause (I) was made by the alien when the alien— (aa) was under 18 years of age; or (bb) otherwise lacked the mental competence to knowingly misrepresent a claim of United States citizenship. (iii) Waiver The Attorney General or the Secretary of Homeland Security may, in the discretion of the Attorney General or the Secretary, waive the application of clause (i) or (ii)(I) for an alien, regardless whether the alien is within or outside the United States, if the Attorney General or the Secretary find that a determination of inadmissibility to the United States for such alien would— (I) result in hardship to the alien or to the alien’s parent, spouse, son, or daughter who is a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence