; and (B) secondary characteristics, such as muscle mass, hair distribution, breasts, or structure. (6) Sexual orientation The term sexual orientation means actual or perceived homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality. 3. Findings Congress makes the following findings: (1) Around the world, LGBTI people face violence, discrimination, hatred, and bigotry. (2) Seventy-five countries criminalize same-sex relations or prohibit the public support of the LGBTI community. That is equal to nearly 40 percent of United Nations member states. (3) In several countries, homosexuality is a crime that is punishable by death. (4) Intersex people experience prejudice and discrimination because their bodies do not conform to other people’s expectations about sex and gender, including the common performance of medically unnecessary surgeries without the consent or approval of intersex individuals. (5) Violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity are documented in the Department of State’s annual Human Rights Report to Congress. The 2016 report continues to show a clear pattern of human rights violations in every region of the world based on sexual orientation and gender identity. These violations include murder, rape, torture, death threats, extortion, and imprisonment, as well as loss of employment, housing, access to health care, and other forms of societal stigma and discrimination. The report further documents LGBTI-specific restrictions on basic freedoms of assembly, press, and speech in every region of the world. (6) In Jamaica and other countries, discrimination against LGBTI people, including corrective rape of lesbian women, occurs all too frequently and with relative impunity. (7) In 2013, the Russian Duma passed a law banning so-called homosexual propaganda , which effectively makes it a crime to publicly support LGBTI equality or even discuss homosexuality. This pernicious law is the basis for similar so-called antipropaganda legislation in countries across Eastern Europe and Central