1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Creating Access to Residency Education Act of 2018 . 2. Graduate medical education partnerships in States with a low ratio of medical residents relative to general population Part B of title III of the Public Health Service Act is amended by inserting after section 317T ( 42 U.S.C. 247b–22 ) the following: 317U. Graduate medical education partnerships in States with a low ratio of medical residents relative to general population (a) In general The Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (in this section referred to as the Administrator ) shall make grants to, or enter into contracts with, eligible entities to support the creation of new medical residency training programs or slots within existing programs in States in which there is a low ratio of medical residents relative to the general population. (b) Eligibility To be eligible to receive Federal funding under this section, an entity must— (1) be located in a State in which there are fewer than 30 medical residents per population of 100,000; and (2) be a public or nonprofit teaching hospital or an accredited graduate medical education training program. (c) Partnerships In supporting the creation of new medical residency training programs or slots through a grant or contract under this section, an eligible entity may enter into a partnership with a State, local government, community health center, local health department, hospital, or other organization deemed by the entity to be appropriate. (d) Matching funds An agreement awarding a grant or contract under this section shall— (1) in the case of a new or existing medical residency training program in the field of primary care— (A) require the entity awarded such grant or contract to provide one-third of the cost of the slots to be funded through the agreement; and (B) to the extent and in the amounts made available in advance in appropriations Acts, require the Administrator to provide the remaining two-thirds of the cost of such slots