; and (B) which is designed to identify significant mental health, behavioral health, or substance abuse treatment needs to be addressed during a youth's confinement; (39) for purposes of section 223(a)(15), the term contact means the points at which a youth and the juvenile justice system or criminal justice system officially intersect, including interactions with a juvenile justice, juvenile court, or law enforcement official; (40) the term trauma-informed means— (A) understanding the impact that exposure to violence and trauma have on a youth's physical, psychological, and psychosocial development; (B) recognizing when a youth has been exposed to violence and trauma and is in need of help to recover from the adverse impacts of trauma; and (C) responding in ways that resist retraumatization; (41) the term racial and ethnic disparity means minority youth populations are involved at a decision point in the juvenile justice system at higher rates, incrementally or cumulatively, than non-minority youth at that decision point; (42) the term status offender means a juvenile who is charged with or who has committed an offense that would not be criminal if committed by an adult; (43) the term rural means an area that is not located in a metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget; (44) the term internal controls means a process implemented to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in— (A) effectiveness and efficiency of operations, such as grant management practices; (B) reliability of reporting for internal and external use; and (C) compliance with applicable laws and regulations, as well as recommendations of the Office of Inspector General and the Government Accountability Office