; (2) utilize, to the extent practicable, the ISS for the development of capabilities and technologies needed for the future of human space exploration beyond low-Earth orbit; and (3) utilize, if practical and cost effective, the ISS for Science Mission Directorate missions in low-Earth orbit. . 302. Transportation to ISS (a) Findings Congress finds that reliance on foreign carriers for United States crew transfer is unacceptable, and the Nation’s human space flight program must acquire the capability to launch United States government astronauts on vehicles using United States rockets from United States soil as soon as is safe, reliable, and affordable to do so. (b) Sense of Congress on Commercial Crew Program and Commercial Resupply Services Program It is the sense of Congress that— (1) once developed and certified to meet the Administration’s safety and reliability requirements, United States commercially provided crew transportation systems can serve as the primary means of transporting United States government astronauts and international partner astronauts to and from the ISS and serving as ISS crew rescue vehicles; (2) previous budgetary assumptions used by the Administration in its planning for the Commercial Crew Program assumed significantly higher funding levels than were authorized and appropriated by Congress; (3) credibility in the Administration’s budgetary estimates for the Commercial Crew Program can be enhanced by an independently developed cost estimate; (4) such credibility in budgetary estimates is an important factor in understanding program risk; (5) United States access to low-Earth orbit is paramount to the continued success of the ISS and ISS National Laboratory