; (ii) performance and certification standards for unmanned aircraft systems that operate in the national airspace system; and (iii) an identification of tools needed to assist air traffic controllers in managing unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace system; (B) a description of how the FAA plans to use research and development, including research and development conducted through NASA’s Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management, to accommodate, integrate, and provide for the evolution of unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system; (C) an assessment of critical performance abilities necessary to integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system, and how these performance abilities can be demonstrated; and (D) an update on the advancement of technologies needed to integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system, including decisionmaking by adaptive systems such as sense-and-avoid, availability of frequency spectrum, and cyber physical security. . (b) Limitation No funds are authorized to be appropriated for the Office of the Administrator for a fiscal year unless the Secretary has submitted the unmanned aircraft systems roadmap to Congress on an annual basis as required under section 332(a) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 ( 49 U.S.C. 40101 note). 22. Probabilistic metrics for exemptions (a) Study Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall commission an independent study to— (1) develop parameters to conduct research and development for probabilistic metrics to enable the identification of hazards and the assessment of risks as necessary to make determinations under section 333(a) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 ( 49 U.S.C. 40101 note) that certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in the national airspace system; (2) identify additional research needed to more effectively develop and use such metrics and make such determinations