Whereas ¼ of the population of the world is infected with the tuberculosis bacterium (commonly referred to as TB ); Whereas the World Health Organization (commonly referred to as the WHO ) estimates that 10,400,000 people were newly infected with TB in 2016, 10 percent of whom were also infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (commonly referred to as HIV ); Whereas, in 2016, TB killed an estimated 1,700,000 people, causing more deaths worldwide than any other single infectious agent; Whereas more than 80 percent of TB deaths among HIV-negative people in 2016 occurred in Africa and Southeast Asia, and India accounted for 33 percent of global HIV-negative TB deaths; Whereas TB is a leading killer of people infected with HIV, and 400,000 people with HIV died of TB in 2016; Whereas additional vulnerable populations at high risk for developing TB include pregnant women and newborns; Whereas TB is 1 of the 5 leading causes of death among adult women between the ages of 20 and 59 in low-income countries, and women with TB can face stigma, discrimination, and in some settings ostracization by their families and communities; Whereas the global TB epidemic and the spread of drug-resistant TB present a persistent public health threat to the United States because the disease does not recognize borders; Whereas antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a growing problem worldwide, and drug-resistant TB can occur when the drugs used to treat TB are misused or mismanaged; Whereas studies have demonstrated direct person-to-person transmission of drug-resistant TB; Whereas multi-drug resistant TB (commonly referred to as “MDR-TB”) is caused by bacteria with resistance to rifampin and isoniazid, the 2 most potent treatments for TB infection; Whereas, according to the 2017 WHO Global Tuberculosis Report, in 2016 an estimated 4.1 percent of all new TB cases and 19 percent of previously treated cases were MDR-TB or rifampin-resistant TB