; and (ii) the average minority turnout rate across all such elections in the political subdivision was more than 10 percentage points below the average nonminority turnout rate for the State in which the political subdivision is located. (5) Timing of determinations (A) Determinations of voting rights violations As early as practicable during each calendar year, the Attorney General shall make the determinations required by this subsection (other than the determinations described in subparagraph (B)), including updating the list of voting rights violations attributable to each State and political subdivision for the previous calendar year. (B) Determinations of turnout rates As early as practicable during each odd-numbered calendar year, the Attorney General, in consultation with the heads of the relevant offices of the government, shall make the determinations of turnout rates required by this subsection, including the minority and nonminority turnout rates for the general elections for Federal office held in the previous year in each State and political subdivision (expressed as percentages of the citizen voting-age population of the State and subdivision and determined using scientifically accepted statistical methodologies). (C) Effective upon publication in Federal Register A determination or certification of the Attorney General under this section or under section 8 or 13 shall be effective upon publication in the Federal Register. (6) Other definitions In this subsection, the following definitions apply: (A) The term general election for Federal office means a general election held solely or in part for the purpose of electing any candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Senator, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the Congress. (B) The term minority means persons who identify themselves as being— (i) of Hispanic or Latino origin; (ii) of a race other than White