; or (2) that, during a 12-month period, have an aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more. (b) Goods, services, technology, financing, or support described Goods, services, technology, financing, or support described in this subsection are goods, services, technology, financing or support that could directly and significantly contribute to the Russian Federation’s— (1) ability to develop crude oil resources located in the Russian Federation; or (2) production of crude oil resources in the Russian Federation, including any direct and significant assistance with respect to the construction, modernization, or repair of infrastructure that would facilitate the development of crude oil resources located in the Russian Federation. (c) Applicability The requirement to impose sanctions under subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to the maintenance of projects that are ongoing as of the date of the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2018 . (d) Requirement To issue guidance Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2018 , the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Energy, shall issue regulations— (1) clarifying how the exception under subsection (c) will be applied; and (2) listing specific goods, services, technology, financing, and support covered by subsection (b). 238. Prohibition on and sanctions with respect to transactions relating to new sovereign debt of the Russian Federation (a) In general Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of the Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act of 2018 , the President shall— (1) prescribe regulations prohibiting United States persons from engaging in transactions with, providing financing for, or in any other way dealing in Russian sovereign debt issued on or after the date that is 180 days after such date of enactment