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  # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  # contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  # the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  #
  #    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  #
  # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  # limitations under the License.
  #
  
  from distutils.version import LooseVersion
  
  import numpy as np
  import pandas as pd
  
  try:
      from pandas._testing import makeMissingDataframe
  except ImportError:
      from pandas.util.testing import makeMissingDataframe
  
  from pyspark import pandas as ps
  from pyspark.pandas.config import option_context
  from pyspark.testing.pandasutils import PandasOnSparkTestCase, SPARK_CONF_ARROW_ENABLED
  from pyspark.testing.sqlutils import SQLTestUtils
  
  
  class StatsTest(PandasOnSparkTestCase, SQLTestUtils):
      def _test_stat_functions(self, pdf_or_pser, psdf_or_psser):
          functions = ["max", "min", "mean", "sum", "count"]
          for funcname in functions:
              self.assert_eq(getattr(psdf_or_psser, funcname)(), getattr(pdf_or_pser, funcname)())
  
          functions = ["std", "var", "product", "sem"]
          for funcname in functions:
              self.assert_eq(
                  getattr(psdf_or_psser, funcname)(),
                  getattr(pdf_or_pser, funcname)(),
                  check_exact=False,
              )
  
          functions = ["std", "var", "sem"]
          for funcname in functions:
              self.assert_eq(
                  getattr(psdf_or_psser, funcname)(ddof=0),
                  getattr(pdf_or_pser, funcname)(ddof=0),
                  check_exact=False,
              )
  
          # NOTE: To test skew, kurt, and median, just make sure they run.
          #       The numbers are different in spark and pandas.
          functions = ["skew", "kurt", "median"]
          for funcname in functions:
              getattr(psdf_or_psser, funcname)()
  
      def test_stat_functions(self):
          pdf = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 2, 3, 4], "B": [1, 2, 3, 4], "C": [1, np.nan, 3, np.nan]})
          psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
          self._test_stat_functions(pdf.A, psdf.A)
          self._test_stat_functions(pdf, psdf)
  
          # empty
          self._test_stat_functions(pdf.A.loc[[]], psdf.A.loc[[]])
          self._test_stat_functions(pdf.loc[[]], psdf.loc[[]])
  
      def test_stat_functions_multiindex_column(self):
          arrays = [np.array(["A", "A", "B", "B"]), np.array(["one", "two", "one", "two"])]
          pdf = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(3, 4), index=["A", "B", "C"], columns=arrays)
          psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
          self._test_stat_functions(pdf.A, psdf.A)
          self._test_stat_functions(pdf, psdf)
  
      def test_stat_functions_with_no_numeric_columns(self):
          pdf = pd.DataFrame(
              {
                  "A": ["a", None, "c", "d", None, "f", "g"],
                  "B": ["A", "B", "C", None, "E", "F", None],
              }
          )
          psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
  
          self._test_stat_functions(pdf, psdf)
  
      def test_sum(self):
          pdf = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3, np.nan], "b": [0.1, np.nan, 0.3, np.nan]})
          psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
  
          self.assert_eq(psdf.sum(), pdf.sum())
          self.assert_eq(psdf.sum(axis=1), pdf.sum(axis=1))
          self.assert_eq(psdf.sum(min_count=3), pdf.sum(min_count=3))
          self.assert_eq(psdf.sum(axis=1, min_count=1), pdf.sum(axis=1, min_count=1))
          self.assert_eq(psdf.loc[[]].sum(), pdf.loc[[]].sum())
          self.assert_eq(psdf.loc[[]].sum(min_count=1), pdf.loc[[]].sum(min_count=1))
  
          self.assert_eq(psdf["a"].sum(), pdf["a"].sum())
          self.assert_eq(psdf["a"].sum(min_count=3), pdf["a"].sum(min_count=3))
          self.assert_eq(psdf["b"].sum(min_count=3), pdf["b"].sum(min_count=3))
          self.assert_eq(psdf["a"].loc[[]].sum(), pdf["a"].loc[[]].sum())
          self.assert_eq(psdf["a"].loc[[]].sum(min_count=1), pdf["a"].loc[[]].sum(min_count=1))
  
      def test_product(self):
          pdf = pd.DataFrame(
              {"a": [1, -2, -3, np.nan], "b": [0.1, np.nan, -0.3, np.nan], "c": [10, 20, 0, -10]}
          )
          psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
  
          self.assert_eq(psdf.product(), pdf.product(), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(psdf.product(axis=1), pdf.product(axis=1))
          self.assert_eq(psdf.product(min_count=3), pdf.product(min_count=3), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(psdf.product(axis=1, min_count=1), pdf.product(axis=1, min_count=1))
          self.assert_eq(psdf.loc[[]].product(), pdf.loc[[]].product())
          self.assert_eq(psdf.loc[[]].product(min_count=1), pdf.loc[[]].product(min_count=1))
  
          self.assert_eq(psdf["a"].product(), pdf["a"].product(), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(
              psdf["a"].product(min_count=3), pdf["a"].product(min_count=3), check_exact=False
          )
          self.assert_eq(psdf["b"].product(min_count=3), pdf["b"].product(min_count=3))
          self.assert_eq(psdf["c"].product(min_count=3), pdf["c"].product(min_count=3))
          self.assert_eq(psdf["a"].loc[[]].product(), pdf["a"].loc[[]].product())
          self.assert_eq(
              psdf["a"].loc[[]].product(min_count=1), pdf["a"].loc[[]].product(min_count=1)
          )
  
      def test_abs(self):
          pdf = pd.DataFrame(
              {
                  "A": [1, -2, np.nan, -4, 5],
                  "B": [1.0, -2, np.nan, -4, 5],
                  "C": [-6.0, -7, -8, np.nan, 10],
                  "D": ["a", "b", "c", "d", np.nan],
                  "E": [True, np.nan, False, True, True],
              }
          )
          psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
          self.assert_eq(psdf.A.abs(), pdf.A.abs())
          self.assert_eq(psdf.B.abs(), pdf.B.abs())
          self.assert_eq(psdf.E.abs(), pdf.E.abs())
          # pandas' bug?
          # self.assert_eq(psdf[["B", "C", "E"]].abs(), pdf[["B", "C", "E"]].abs())
          self.assert_eq(psdf[["B", "C"]].abs(), pdf[["B", "C"]].abs())
          self.assert_eq(psdf[["E"]].abs(), pdf[["E"]].abs())
  
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(
              TypeError, "bad operand type for abs\\(\\): object \\(string\\)"
          ):
              psdf.abs()
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(
              TypeError, "bad operand type for abs\\(\\): object \\(string\\)"
          ):
              psdf.D.abs()
  
      def test_axis_on_dataframe(self):
          # The number of each count is intentionally big
          # because when data is small, it executes a shortcut.
          # Less than 'compute.shortcut_limit' will execute a shortcut
          # by using collected pandas dataframe directly.
          # now we set the 'compute.shortcut_limit' as 1000 explicitly
          with option_context("compute.shortcut_limit", 1000):
              pdf = pd.DataFrame(
                  {
                      "A": [1, -2, 3, -4, 5] * 300,
                      "B": [1.0, -2, 3, -4, 5] * 300,
                      "C": [-6.0, -7, -8, -9, 10] * 300,
                      "D": [True, False, True, False, False] * 300,
                  },
                  index=range(10, 15001, 10),
              )
              psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
              self.assert_eq(psdf.count(axis=1), pdf.count(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.var(axis=1), pdf.var(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.var(axis=1, ddof=0), pdf.var(axis=1, ddof=0))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.std(axis=1), pdf.std(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.std(axis=1, ddof=0), pdf.std(axis=1, ddof=0))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.max(axis=1), pdf.max(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.min(axis=1), pdf.min(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.sum(axis=1), pdf.sum(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.product(axis=1), pdf.product(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.kurtosis(axis=1), pdf.kurtosis(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.skew(axis=1), pdf.skew(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.mean(axis=1), pdf.mean(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.sem(axis=1), pdf.sem(axis=1))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.sem(axis=1, ddof=0), pdf.sem(axis=1, ddof=0))
  
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.count(axis=1, numeric_only=True), pdf.count(axis=1, numeric_only=True)
              )
              self.assert_eq(psdf.var(axis=1, numeric_only=True), pdf.var(axis=1, numeric_only=True))
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.var(axis=1, ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
                  pdf.var(axis=1, ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
              )
              self.assert_eq(psdf.std(axis=1, numeric_only=True), pdf.std(axis=1, numeric_only=True))
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.std(axis=1, ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
                  pdf.std(axis=1, ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
              )
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.max(axis=1, numeric_only=True),
                  pdf.max(axis=1, numeric_only=True).astype(float),
              )
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.min(axis=1, numeric_only=True),
                  pdf.min(axis=1, numeric_only=True).astype(float),
              )
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.sum(axis=1, numeric_only=True),
                  pdf.sum(axis=1, numeric_only=True).astype(float),
              )
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.product(axis=1, numeric_only=True),
                  pdf.product(axis=1, numeric_only=True).astype(float),
              )
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.kurtosis(axis=1, numeric_only=True), pdf.kurtosis(axis=1, numeric_only=True)
              )
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.skew(axis=1, numeric_only=True), pdf.skew(axis=1, numeric_only=True)
              )
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.mean(axis=1, numeric_only=True), pdf.mean(axis=1, numeric_only=True)
              )
              self.assert_eq(psdf.sem(axis=1, numeric_only=True), pdf.sem(axis=1, numeric_only=True))
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.sem(axis=1, ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
                  pdf.sem(axis=1, ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
              )
  
      def test_corr(self):
          # Disable arrow execution since corr() is using UDT internally which is not supported.
          with self.sql_conf({SPARK_CONF_ARROW_ENABLED: False}):
              # DataFrame
              # we do not handle NaNs for now
              pdf = makeMissingDataframe(0.3, 42).fillna(0)
              psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
  
              self.assert_eq(psdf.corr(), pdf.corr(), check_exact=False)
  
              # Series
              pser_a = pdf.A
              pser_b = pdf.B
              psser_a = psdf.A
              psser_b = psdf.B
  
              self.assertAlmostEqual(psser_a.corr(psser_b), pser_a.corr(pser_b))
              self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: psser_a.corr(psdf))
  
              # multi-index columns
              columns = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([("X", "A"), ("X", "B"), ("Y", "C"), ("Z", "D")])
              pdf.columns = columns
              psdf.columns = columns
  
              self.assert_eq(psdf.corr(), pdf.corr(), check_exact=False)
  
              # Series
              pser_xa = pdf[("X", "A")]
              pser_xb = pdf[("X", "B")]
              psser_xa = psdf[("X", "A")]
              psser_xb = psdf[("X", "B")]
  
              self.assert_eq(psser_xa.corr(psser_xb), pser_xa.corr(pser_xb), almost=True)
  
      def test_cov_corr_meta(self):
          # Disable arrow execution since corr() is using UDT internally which is not supported.
          with self.sql_conf({SPARK_CONF_ARROW_ENABLED: False}):
              pdf = pd.DataFrame(
                  {
                      "a": np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype="i1"),
                      "b": np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype="i2"),
                      "c": np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype="i4"),
                      "d": np.array([1, 2, 3]),
                      "e": np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], dtype="f4"),
                      "f": np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0]),
                      "g": np.array([True, False, True]),
                      "h": np.array(list("abc")),
                  },
                  index=pd.Index([1, 2, 3], name="myindex"),
              )
              psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
              self.assert_eq(psdf.corr(), pdf.corr())
  
      def test_stats_on_boolean_dataframe(self):
          pdf = pd.DataFrame({"A": [True, False, True], "B": [False, False, True]})
          psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
  
          self.assert_eq(psdf.min(), pdf.min())
          self.assert_eq(psdf.max(), pdf.max())
          self.assert_eq(psdf.count(), pdf.count())
  
          self.assert_eq(psdf.sum(), pdf.sum())
          self.assert_eq(psdf.product(), pdf.product())
          self.assert_eq(psdf.mean(), pdf.mean())
  
          self.assert_eq(psdf.var(), pdf.var(), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(psdf.var(ddof=0), pdf.var(ddof=0), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(psdf.std(), pdf.std(), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(psdf.std(ddof=0), pdf.std(ddof=0), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(psdf.sem(), pdf.sem(), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(psdf.sem(ddof=0), pdf.sem(ddof=0), check_exact=False)
  
      def test_stats_on_boolean_series(self):
          pser = pd.Series([True, False, True])
          psser = ps.from_pandas(pser)
  
          self.assert_eq(psser.min(), pser.min())
          self.assert_eq(psser.max(), pser.max())
          self.assert_eq(psser.count(), pser.count())
  
          self.assert_eq(psser.sum(), pser.sum())
          self.assert_eq(psser.product(), pser.product())
          self.assert_eq(psser.mean(), pser.mean())
  
          self.assert_eq(psser.var(), pser.var(), almost=True)
          self.assert_eq(psser.var(ddof=0), pser.var(ddof=0), almost=True)
          self.assert_eq(psser.std(), pser.std(), almost=True)
          self.assert_eq(psser.std(ddof=0), pser.std(ddof=0), almost=True)
          self.assert_eq(psser.sem(), pser.sem(), almost=True)
          self.assert_eq(psser.sem(ddof=0), pser.sem(ddof=0), almost=True)
  
      def test_stats_on_non_numeric_columns_should_be_discarded_if_numeric_only_is_true(self):
          pdf = pd.DataFrame({"i": [0, 1, 2], "b": [False, False, True], "s": ["x", "y", "z"]})
          psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
  
          self.assert_eq(
              psdf[["i", "s"]].max(numeric_only=True), pdf[["i", "s"]].max(numeric_only=True)
          )
          self.assert_eq(
              psdf[["b", "s"]].max(numeric_only=True), pdf[["b", "s"]].max(numeric_only=True)
          )
          self.assert_eq(
              psdf[["i", "s"]].min(numeric_only=True), pdf[["i", "s"]].min(numeric_only=True)
          )
          self.assert_eq(
              psdf[["b", "s"]].min(numeric_only=True), pdf[["b", "s"]].min(numeric_only=True)
          )
          self.assert_eq(psdf.count(numeric_only=True), pdf.count(numeric_only=True))
  
          if LooseVersion(pd.__version__) >= LooseVersion("1.0.0"):
              self.assert_eq(psdf.sum(numeric_only=True), pdf.sum(numeric_only=True))
              self.assert_eq(psdf.product(numeric_only=True), pdf.product(numeric_only=True))
          else:
              self.assert_eq(psdf.sum(numeric_only=True), pdf.sum(numeric_only=True).astype(int))
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf.product(numeric_only=True), pdf.product(numeric_only=True).astype(int)
              )
  
          self.assert_eq(psdf.mean(numeric_only=True), pdf.mean(numeric_only=True))
  
          self.assert_eq(psdf.var(numeric_only=True), pdf.var(numeric_only=True), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(
              psdf.var(ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
              pdf.var(ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
              check_exact=False,
          )
          self.assert_eq(psdf.std(numeric_only=True), pdf.std(numeric_only=True), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(
              psdf.std(ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
              pdf.std(ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
              check_exact=False,
          )
          self.assert_eq(psdf.sem(numeric_only=True), pdf.sem(numeric_only=True), check_exact=False)
          self.assert_eq(
              psdf.sem(ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
              pdf.sem(ddof=0, numeric_only=True),
              check_exact=False,
          )
  
          self.assert_eq(len(psdf.median(numeric_only=True)), len(pdf.median(numeric_only=True)))
          self.assert_eq(len(psdf.kurtosis(numeric_only=True)), len(pdf.kurtosis(numeric_only=True)))
          self.assert_eq(len(psdf.skew(numeric_only=True)), len(pdf.skew(numeric_only=True)))
  
          # Boolean was excluded because of a behavior change in NumPy
          # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/16273#discussion_r641264085 which pandas inherits
          # but this behavior is inconsistent in pandas context.
          # Boolean column in quantile tests are excluded for now.
          # TODO(SPARK-35555): track and match the behavior of quantile to pandas'
          pdf = pd.DataFrame({"i": [0, 1, 2], "s": ["x", "y", "z"]})
          psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
          self.assert_eq(
              len(psdf.quantile(q=0.5, numeric_only=True)),
              len(pdf.quantile(q=0.5, numeric_only=True)),
          )
          self.assert_eq(
              len(psdf.quantile(q=[0.25, 0.5, 0.75], numeric_only=True)),
              len(pdf.quantile(q=[0.25, 0.5, 0.75], numeric_only=True)),
          )
  
      def test_numeric_only_unsupported(self):
          pdf = pd.DataFrame({"i": [0, 1, 2], "b": [False, False, True], "s": ["x", "y", "z"]})
          psdf = ps.from_pandas(pdf)
  
          if LooseVersion(pd.__version__) >= LooseVersion("1.0.0"):
              self.assert_eq(psdf.sum(numeric_only=True), pdf.sum(numeric_only=True))
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf[["i", "b"]].sum(numeric_only=False), pdf[["i", "b"]].sum(numeric_only=False)
              )
          else:
              self.assert_eq(psdf.sum(numeric_only=True), pdf.sum(numeric_only=True).astype(int))
              self.assert_eq(
                  psdf[["i", "b"]].sum(numeric_only=False),
                  pdf[["i", "b"]].sum(numeric_only=False).astype(int),
              )
  
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Could not convert object \\(string\\) to numeric"):
              psdf.sum(numeric_only=False)
  
          with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Could not convert object \\(string\\) to numeric"):
              psdf.s.sum()
  
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
      import unittest
      from pyspark.pandas.tests.test_stats import *  # noqa: F401
  
      try:
          import xmlrunner  # type: ignore[import]
  
          testRunner = xmlrunner.XMLTestRunner(output="target/test-reports", verbosity=2)
      except ImportError:
          testRunner = None
      unittest.main(testRunner=testRunner, verbosity=2)
  