content: """
  ============================
  Faces dataset decompositions
  ============================
  
  This example applies to :ref:`olivetti_faces` different unsupervised
  matrix decomposition (dimension reduction) methods from the module
  :py:mod:`sklearn.decomposition` (see the documentation chapter
  :ref:`decompositions`) .
  
  """
  print(__doc__)
  
  # Authors: Vlad Niculae, Alexandre Gramfort
  # License: BSD 3 clause
  
  import logging
  from time import time
  
  from numpy.random import RandomState
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
  from sklearn.datasets import fetch_olivetti_faces
  from sklearn.cluster import MiniBatchKMeans
  from sklearn import decomposition
  
  # Display progress logs on stdout
  logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                      format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s')
  n_row, n_col = 2, 3
  n_components = n_row * n_col
  image_shape = (64, 64)
  rng = RandomState(0)
  
  ###############################################################################
  # Load faces data
  dataset = fetch_olivetti_faces(shuffle=True, random_state=rng)
  faces = dataset.data
  
  n_samples, n_features = faces.shape
  
  # global centering
  faces_centered = faces - faces.mean(axis=0)
  
  # local centering
  faces_centered -= faces_centered.mean(axis=1).reshape(n_samples, -1)
  
  print("Dataset consists of %d faces" % n_samples)
  
  
  ###############################################################################
  def plot_gallery(title, images, n_col=n_col, n_row=n_row):
      plt.figure(figsize=(2. * n_col, 2.26 * n_row))
      plt.suptitle(title, size=16)
      for i, comp in enumerate(images):
          plt.subplot(n_row, n_col, i + 1)
          vmax = max(comp.max(), -comp.min())
          plt.imshow(comp.reshape(image_shape), cmap=plt.cm.gray,
                     interpolation='nearest',
                     vmin=-vmax, vmax=vmax)
          plt.xticks(())
          plt.yticks(())
      plt.subplots_adjust(0.01, 0.05, 0.99, 0.93, 0.04, 0.)
  
  ###############################################################################
  # List of the different estimators, whether to center and transpose the
  # problem, and whether the transformer uses the clustering API.
  estimators = [
      ('Eigenfaces - RandomizedPCA',
       decomposition.RandomizedPCA(n_components=n_components, whiten=True),
       True),
  
      ('Non-negative components - NMF',
       decomposition.NMF(n_components=n_components, init='nndsvda', tol=5e-3),
       False),
  
      ('Independent components - FastICA',
       decomposition.FastICA(n_components=n_components, whiten=True),
       True),
  
      ('Sparse comp. - MiniBatchSparsePCA',
       decomposition.MiniBatchSparsePCA(n_components=n_components, alpha=0.8,
                                        n_iter=100, batch_size=3,
                                        random_state=rng),
       True),
  
      ('MiniBatchDictionaryLearning',
          decomposition.MiniBatchDictionaryLearning(n_components=15, alpha=0.1,
                                                    n_iter=50, batch_size=3,
                                                    random_state=rng),
       True),
  
      ('Cluster centers - MiniBatchKMeans',
          MiniBatchKMeans(n_clusters=n_components, tol=1e-3, batch_size=20,
                          max_iter=50, random_state=rng),
       True),
  
      ('Factor Analysis components - FA',
       decomposition.FactorAnalysis(n_components=n_components, max_iter=2),
       True),
  ]
  
  
  ###############################################################################
  # Plot a sample of the input data
  
  plot_gallery("First centered Olivetti faces", faces_centered[:n_components])
  
  ###############################################################################
  # Do the estimation and plot it
  
  for name, estimator, center in estimators:
      print("Extracting the top %d %s..." % (n_components, name))
      t0 = time()
      data = faces
      if center:
          data = faces_centered
      estimator.fit(data)
      train_time = (time() - t0)
      print("done in %0.3fs" % train_time)
      if hasattr(estimator, 'cluster_centers_'):
          components_ = estimator.cluster_centers_
      else:
          components_ = estimator.components_
      if hasattr(estimator, 'noise_variance_'):
          plot_gallery("Pixelwise variance",
                       estimator.noise_variance_.reshape(1, -1), n_col=1,
                       n_row=1)
      plot_gallery('%s - Train time %.1fs' % (name, train_time),
                   components_[:n_components])
  
  plt.show()
  