content: import copy
  import itertools
  import re
  import operator
  from datetime import datetime, timedelta
  from collections import defaultdict
  
  import numpy as np
  from pandas.core.base import PandasObject
  
  from pandas.core.common import (_possibly_downcast_to_dtype, isnull,
                                  _NS_DTYPE, _TD_DTYPE, ABCSeries, is_list_like,
                                  ABCSparseSeries, _infer_dtype_from_scalar,
                                  is_null_datelike_scalar, _maybe_promote,
                                  is_timedelta64_dtype, is_datetime64_dtype,
                                  array_equivalent, _maybe_convert_string_to_object,
                                  is_categorical)
  from pandas.core.index import Index, MultiIndex, _ensure_index
  from pandas.core.indexing import maybe_convert_indices, length_of_indexer
  from pandas.core.categorical import Categorical, maybe_to_categorical
  import pandas.core.common as com
  from pandas.sparse.array import _maybe_to_sparse, SparseArray
  import pandas.lib as lib
  import pandas.tslib as tslib
  import pandas.computation.expressions as expressions
  from pandas.util.decorators import cache_readonly
  
  from pandas.tslib import Timestamp, Timedelta
  from pandas import compat
  from pandas.compat import range, map, zip, u
  from pandas.tseries.timedeltas import _coerce_scalar_to_timedelta_type
  
  
  from pandas.lib import BlockPlacement
  
  
  class Block(PandasObject):
  
      """
      Canonical n-dimensional unit of homogeneous dtype contained in a pandas
      data structure
  
      Index-ignorant; let the container take care of that
      """
      __slots__ = ['_mgr_locs', 'values', 'ndim']
      is_numeric = False
      is_float = False
      is_integer = False
      is_complex = False
      is_datetime = False
      is_timedelta = False
      is_bool = False
      is_object = False
      is_categorical = False
      is_sparse = False
      _can_hold_na = False
      _downcast_dtype = None
      _can_consolidate = True
      _verify_integrity = True
      _validate_ndim = True
      _ftype = 'dense'
      _holder = None
  
      def __init__(self, values, placement, ndim=None, fastpath=False):
          if ndim is None:
              ndim = values.ndim
          elif values.ndim != ndim:
              raise ValueError('Wrong number of dimensions')
          self.ndim = ndim
  
          self.mgr_locs = placement
          self.values = values
  
          if len(self.mgr_locs) != len(self.values):
              raise ValueError('Wrong number of items passed %d,'
                               ' placement implies %d' % (
                                   len(self.values), len(self.mgr_locs)))
  
      @property
      def _consolidate_key(self):
          return (self._can_consolidate, self.dtype.name)
  
      @property
      def _is_single_block(self):
          return self.ndim == 1
  
      @property
      def is_view(self):
          """ return a boolean if I am possibly a view """
          return self.values.base is not None
  
      @property
      def is_datelike(self):
          """ return True if I am a non-datelike """
          return self.is_datetime or self.is_timedelta
  
      def is_categorical_astype(self, dtype):
          """
          validate that we have a astypeable to categorical,
          returns a boolean if we are a categorical
          """
          if com.is_categorical_dtype(dtype):
              if dtype == com.CategoricalDtype():
                  return True
  
              # this is a pd.Categorical, but is not
              # a valid type for astypeing
              raise TypeError("invalid type {0} for astype".format(dtype))
  
          return False
  
      def to_dense(self):
          return self.values.view()
  
      @property
      def fill_value(self):
          return np.nan
  
      @property
      def mgr_locs(self):
          return self._mgr_locs
  
      @property
      def array_dtype(self):
          """ the dtype to return if I want to construct this block as an array """
          return self.dtype
  
      def make_block_same_class(self, values, placement, copy=False, fastpath=True,
                                **kwargs):
          """
          Wrap given values in a block of same type as self.
  
          `kwargs` are used in SparseBlock override.
  
          """
          if copy:
              values = values.copy()
          return make_block(values, placement, klass=self.__class__,
                            fastpath=fastpath, **kwargs)
  
      @mgr_locs.setter
      def mgr_locs(self, new_mgr_locs):
          if not isinstance(new_mgr_locs, BlockPlacement):
              new_mgr_locs = BlockPlacement(new_mgr_locs)
  
          self._mgr_locs = new_mgr_locs
  
      def __unicode__(self):
  
          # don't want to print out all of the items here
          name = com.pprint_thing(self.__class__.__name__)
          if self._is_single_block:
  
              result = '%s: %s dtype: %s' % (
                  name, len(self), self.dtype)
  
          else:
  
              shape = ' x '.join([com.pprint_thing(s) for s in self.shape])
              result = '%s: %s, %s, dtype: %s' % (
                  name, com.pprint_thing(self.mgr_locs.indexer), shape,
                  self.dtype)
  
          return result
  
      def __len__(self):
          return len(self.values)
  
      def __getstate__(self):
          return self.mgr_locs.indexer, self.values
  
      def __setstate__(self, state):
          self.mgr_locs = BlockPlacement(state[0])
          self.values = state[1]
          self.ndim = self.values.ndim
  
      def _slice(self, slicer):
          """ return a slice of my values """
          return self.values[slicer]
  
      def reshape_nd(self, labels, shape, ref_items):
          """
          Parameters
          ----------
          labels : list of new axis labels
          shape : new shape
          ref_items : new ref_items
  
          return a new block that is transformed to a nd block
          """
  
          return _block2d_to_blocknd(
              values=self.get_values().T,
              placement=self.mgr_locs,
              shape=shape,
              labels=labels,
              ref_items=ref_items)
  
      def getitem_block(self, slicer, new_mgr_locs=None):
          """
          Perform __getitem__-like, return result as block.
  
          As of now, only supports slices that preserve dimensionality.
  
          """
          if new_mgr_locs is None:
              if isinstance(slicer, tuple):
                  axis0_slicer = slicer[0]
              else:
                  axis0_slicer = slicer
              new_mgr_locs = self.mgr_locs[axis0_slicer]
  
          new_values = self._slice(slicer)
  
          if self._validate_ndim and new_values.ndim != self.ndim:
              raise ValueError("Only same dim slicing is allowed")
  
          return self.make_block_same_class(new_values, new_mgr_locs)
  
      @property
      def shape(self):
          return self.values.shape
  
      @property
      def itemsize(self):
          return self.values.itemsize
  
      @property
      def dtype(self):
          return self.values.dtype
  
      @property
      def ftype(self):
          return "%s:%s" % (self.dtype, self._ftype)
  
      def merge(self, other):
          return _merge_blocks([self, other])
  
      def reindex_axis(self, indexer, method=None, axis=1, fill_value=None,
                       limit=None, mask_info=None):
          """
          Reindex using pre-computed indexer information
          """
          if axis < 1:
              raise AssertionError('axis must be at least 1, got %d' % axis)
          if fill_value is None:
              fill_value = self.fill_value
  
          new_values = com.take_nd(self.values, indexer, axis,
                                   fill_value=fill_value, mask_info=mask_info)
          return make_block(new_values,
                            ndim=self.ndim, fastpath=True,
                            placement=self.mgr_locs)
  
      def get(self, item):
          loc = self.items.get_loc(item)
          return self.values[loc]
  
      def iget(self, i):
          return self.values[i]
  
      def set(self, locs, values, check=False):
          """
          Modify Block in-place with new item value
  
          Returns
          -------
          None
          """
          self.values[locs] = values
  
      def delete(self, loc):
          """
          Delete given loc(-s) from block in-place.
          """
          self.values = np.delete(self.values, loc, 0)
          self.mgr_locs = self.mgr_locs.delete(loc)
  
      def apply(self, func, **kwargs):
          """ apply the function to my values; return a block if we are not one """
          result = func(self.values, **kwargs)
          if not isinstance(result, Block):
              result = make_block(values=_block_shape(result), placement=self.mgr_locs,)
  
          return result
  
      def fillna(self, value, limit=None, inplace=False, downcast=None):
          if not self._can_hold_na:
              if inplace:
                  return [self]
              else:
                  return [self.copy()]
  
          mask = isnull(self.values)
          if limit is not None:
              if self.ndim > 2:
                  raise NotImplementedError("number of dimensions for 'fillna' "
                                            "is currently limited to 2")
              mask[mask.cumsum(self.ndim-1) > limit] = False
  
          value = self._try_fill(value)
          blocks = self.putmask(mask, value, inplace=inplace)
          return self._maybe_downcast(blocks, downcast)
  
      def _maybe_downcast(self, blocks, downcast=None):
  
          # no need to downcast our float
          # unless indicated
          if downcast is None and self.is_float:
              return blocks
          elif downcast is None and (self.is_timedelta or self.is_datetime):
              return blocks
  
          result_blocks = []
          for b in blocks:
              result_blocks.extend(b.downcast(downcast))
  
          return result_blocks
  
      def downcast(self, dtypes=None):
          """ try to downcast each item to the dict of dtypes if present """
  
          # turn it off completely
          if dtypes is False:
              return [self]
  
          values = self.values
  
          # single block handling
          if self._is_single_block:
  
              # try to cast all non-floats here
              if dtypes is None:
                  dtypes = 'infer'
  
              nv = _possibly_downcast_to_dtype(values, dtypes)
              return [make_block(nv, ndim=self.ndim,
                                 fastpath=True, placement=self.mgr_locs)]
  
          # ndim > 1
          if dtypes is None:
              return [self]
  
          if not (dtypes == 'infer' or isinstance(dtypes, dict)):
              raise ValueError("downcast must have a dictionary or 'infer' as "
                               "its argument")
  
          # item-by-item
          # this is expensive as it splits the blocks items-by-item
          blocks = []
          for i, rl in enumerate(self.mgr_locs):
  
              if dtypes == 'infer':
                  dtype = 'infer'
              else:
                  raise AssertionError("dtypes as dict is not supported yet")
                  dtype = dtypes.get(item, self._downcast_dtype)
  
              if dtype is None:
                  nv = _block_shape(values[i], ndim=self.ndim)
              else:
                  nv = _possibly_downcast_to_dtype(values[i], dtype)
                  nv = _block_shape(nv, ndim=self.ndim)
  
              blocks.append(make_block(nv,
                                       ndim=self.ndim, fastpath=True,
                                       placement=[rl]))
  
          return blocks
  
      def astype(self, dtype, copy=False, raise_on_error=True, values=None, **kwargs):
          return self._astype(dtype, copy=copy, raise_on_error=raise_on_error,
                              values=values, **kwargs)
  
      def _astype(self, dtype, copy=False, raise_on_error=True, values=None,
                  klass=None, **kwargs):
          """
          Coerce to the new type (if copy=True, return a new copy)
          raise on an except if raise == True
          """
  
          # may need to convert to categorical
          # this is only called for non-categoricals
          if self.is_categorical_astype(dtype):
              return make_block(Categorical(self.values, **kwargs),
                                ndim=self.ndim,
                                placement=self.mgr_locs)
  
          # astype processing
          dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
          if self.dtype == dtype:
              if copy:
                  return self.copy()
              return self
  
          if klass is None:
              if dtype == np.object_:
                  klass = ObjectBlock
          try:
              # force the copy here
              if values is None:
                  # _astype_nansafe works fine with 1-d only
                  values = com._astype_nansafe(self.values.ravel(), dtype, copy=True)
                  values = values.reshape(self.values.shape)
              newb = make_block(values,
                                ndim=self.ndim, placement=self.mgr_locs,
                                fastpath=True, dtype=dtype, klass=klass)
          except:
              if raise_on_error is True:
                  raise
              newb = self.copy() if copy else self
  
          if newb.is_numeric and self.is_numeric:
              if newb.shape != self.shape:
                  raise TypeError("cannot set astype for copy = [%s] for dtype "
                                  "(%s [%s]) with smaller itemsize that current "
                                  "(%s [%s])" % (copy, self.dtype.name,
                                                 self.itemsize, newb.dtype.name,
                                                 newb.itemsize))
          return newb
  
      def convert(self, copy=True, **kwargs):
          """ attempt to coerce any object types to better types
              return a copy of the block (if copy = True)
              by definition we are not an ObjectBlock here!  """
  
          return [self.copy()] if copy else [self]
  
      def _can_hold_element(self, value):
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def _try_cast(self, value):
          raise NotImplementedError()
  
      def _try_cast_result(self, result, dtype=None):
          """ try to cast the result to our original type,
          we may have roundtripped thru object in the mean-time """
          if dtype is None:
              dtype = self.dtype
  
          if self.is_integer or self.is_bool or self.is_datetime:
              pass
          elif self.is_float and result.dtype == self.dtype:
  
              # protect against a bool/object showing up here
              if isinstance(dtype, compat.string_types) and dtype == 'infer':
                  return result
              if not isinstance(dtype, type):
                  dtype = dtype.type
              if issubclass(dtype, (np.bool_, np.object_)):
                  if issubclass(dtype, np.bool_):
                      if isnull(result).all():
                          return result.astype(np.bool_)
                      else:
                          result = result.astype(np.object_)
                          result[result == 1] = True
                          result[result == 0] = False
                          return result
                  else:
                      return result.astype(np.object_)
  
              return result
  
          # may need to change the dtype here
          return _possibly_downcast_to_dtype(result, dtype)
  
      def _try_operate(self, values):
          """ return a version to operate on as the input """
          return values
  
      def _try_coerce_args(self, values, other):
          """ provide coercion to our input arguments """
          return values, other
  
      def _try_coerce_result(self, result):
          """ reverse of try_coerce_args """
          return result
  
      def _try_coerce_and_cast_result(self, result, dtype=None):
          result = self._try_coerce_result(result)
          result = self._try_cast_result(result, dtype=dtype)
          return result
  
      def _try_fill(self, value):
          return value
  
      def to_native_types(self, slicer=None, na_rep='', quoting=None, **kwargs):
          """ convert to our native types format, slicing if desired """
  
          values = self.values
          if slicer is not None:
              values = values[:, slicer]
          mask = isnull(values)
  
          if not self.is_object and not quoting:
              values = values.astype(str)
          else:
              values = np.array(values, dtype='object')
  
          values[mask] = na_rep
          return values
  
      # block actions ####
      def copy(self, deep=True):
          values = self.values
          if deep:
              values = values.copy()
          return make_block(values, ndim=self.ndim,
                            klass=self.__class__, fastpath=True,
                            placement=self.mgr_locs)
  
      def replace(self, to_replace, value, inplace=False, filter=None,
                  regex=False):
          """ replace the to_replace value with value, possible to create new
          blocks here this is just a call to putmask. regex is not used here.
          It is used in ObjectBlocks.  It is here for API
          compatibility."""
          mask = com.mask_missing(self.values, to_replace)
          if filter is not None:
              filtered_out = ~self.mgr_locs.isin(filter)
              mask[filtered_out.nonzero()[0]] = False
  
          if not mask.any():
              if inplace:
                  return [self]
              return [self.copy()]
          return self.putmask(mask, value, inplace=inplace)
  
      def setitem(self, indexer, value):
          """ set the value inplace; return a new block (of a possibly different
          dtype)
  
          indexer is a direct slice/positional indexer; value must be a
          compatible shape
          """
  
          # coerce None values, if appropriate
          if value is None:
              if self.is_numeric:
                  value = np.nan
  
          # coerce args
          values, value = self._try_coerce_args(self.values, value)
          arr_value = np.array(value)
  
          # cast the values to a type that can hold nan (if necessary)
          if not self._can_hold_element(value):
              dtype, _ = com._maybe_promote(arr_value.dtype)
              values = values.astype(dtype)
  
          transf = (lambda x: x.T) if self.ndim == 2 else (lambda x: x)
          values = transf(values)
          l = len(values)
  
          # length checking
          # boolean with truth values == len of the value is ok too
          if isinstance(indexer, (np.ndarray, list)):
              if is_list_like(value) and len(indexer) != len(value):
                  if not (isinstance(indexer, np.ndarray) and
                          indexer.dtype == np.bool_ and
                          len(indexer[indexer]) == len(value)):
                      raise ValueError("cannot set using a list-like indexer "
                                       "with a different length than the value")
  
          # slice
          elif isinstance(indexer, slice):
  
              if is_list_like(value) and l:
                  if len(value) != length_of_indexer(indexer, values):
                      raise ValueError("cannot set using a slice indexer with a "
                                       "different length than the value")
  
          try:
  
              def _is_scalar_indexer(indexer):
                  # return True if we are all scalar indexers
  
                  if arr_value.ndim == 1:
                      if not isinstance(indexer, tuple):
                          indexer = tuple([indexer])
                      return all([ np.isscalar(idx) for idx in indexer ])
                  return False
  
              def _is_empty_indexer(indexer):
                  # return a boolean if we have an empty indexer
  
                  if arr_value.ndim == 1:
                      if not isinstance(indexer, tuple):
                          indexer = tuple([indexer])
                      return any(isinstance(idx, np.ndarray) and len(idx) == 0 for idx in indexer)
                  return False
  
              # empty indexers
              # 8669 (empty)
              if _is_empty_indexer(indexer):
                  pass
  
              # setting a single element for each dim and with a rhs that could be say a list
              # GH 6043
              elif _is_scalar_indexer(indexer):
                  values[indexer] = value
  
              # if we are an exact match (ex-broadcasting),
              # then use the resultant dtype
              elif len(arr_value.shape) and arr_value.shape[0] == values.shape[0] and np.prod(arr_value.shape) == np.prod(values.shape):
                  values[indexer] = value
                  values = values.astype(arr_value.dtype)
  
              # set
              else:
                  values[indexer] = value
  
              # coerce and try to infer the dtypes of the result
              if np.isscalar(value):
                  dtype, _ = _infer_dtype_from_scalar(value)
              else:
                  dtype = 'infer'
              values = self._try_coerce_and_cast_result(values, dtype)
              block = make_block(transf(values),
                                 ndim=self.ndim, placement=self.mgr_locs,
                                 fastpath=True)
  
              # may have to soft convert_objects here
              if block.is_object and not self.is_object:
                  block = block.convert(convert_numeric=False)
  
              return block
          except (ValueError, TypeError) as detail:
              raise
          except Exception as detail:
              pass
  
          return [self]
  
      def putmask(self, mask, new, align=True, inplace=False):
          """ putmask the data to the block; it is possible that we may create a
          new dtype of block
  
          return the resulting block(s)
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          mask  : the condition to respect
          new : a ndarray/object
          align : boolean, perform alignment on other/cond, default is True
          inplace : perform inplace modification, default is False
  
          Returns
          -------
          a new block(s), the result of the putmask
          """
  
          new_values = self.values if inplace else self.values.copy()
  
          # may need to align the new
          if hasattr(new, 'reindex_axis'):
              new = new.values.T
  
          # may need to align the mask
          if hasattr(mask, 'reindex_axis'):
              mask = mask.values.T
  
          # if we are passed a scalar None, convert it here
          if not is_list_like(new) and isnull(new) and not self.is_object:
              new = self.fill_value
  
          if self._can_hold_element(new):
              new = self._try_cast(new)
  
              # pseudo-broadcast
              if isinstance(new, np.ndarray) and new.ndim == self.ndim - 1:
                  new = np.repeat(new, self.shape[-1]).reshape(self.shape)
  
              np.putmask(new_values, mask, new)
  
          # maybe upcast me
          elif mask.any():
  
              # need to go column by column
              new_blocks = []
              if self.ndim > 1:
                  for i, ref_loc in enumerate(self.mgr_locs):
                      m = mask[i]
                      v = new_values[i]
  
                      # need a new block
                      if m.any():
  
                          n = new[i] if isinstance(
                              new, np.ndarray) else np.array(new)
  
                          # type of the new block
                          dtype, _ = com._maybe_promote(n.dtype)
  
                          # we need to exiplicty astype here to make a copy
                          n = n.astype(dtype)
  
                          nv = _putmask_smart(v, m, n)
                      else:
                          nv = v if inplace else v.copy()
  
                      # Put back the dimension that was taken from it and make
                      # a block out of the result.
                      block = make_block(values=nv[np.newaxis],
                                         placement=[ref_loc],
                                         fastpath=True)
  
                      new_blocks.append(block)
  
              else:
                  nv = _putmask_smart(new_values, mask, new)
                  new_blocks.append(make_block(values=nv,
                                               placement=self.mgr_locs,
                                               fastpath=True))
  
              return new_blocks
  
          if inplace:
              return [self]
  
          return [make_block(new_values,
                             placement=self.mgr_locs, fastpath=True)]
  
      def interpolate(self, method='pad', axis=0, index=None,
                      values=None, inplace=False, limit=None,
                      fill_value=None, coerce=False, downcast=None, **kwargs):
  
          def check_int_bool(self, inplace):
              # Only FloatBlocks will contain NaNs.
              # timedelta subclasses IntBlock
              if (self.is_bool or self.is_integer) and not self.is_timedelta:
                  if inplace:
                      return self
                  else:
                      return self.copy()
  
          # a fill na type method
          try:
              m = com._clean_fill_method(method)
          except:
              m = None
  
          if m is not None:
              r = check_int_bool(self, inplace)
              if r is not None:
                  return r
              return self._interpolate_with_fill(method=m,
                                                 axis=axis,
                                                 inplace=inplace,
                                                 limit=limit,
                                                 fill_value=fill_value,
                                                 coerce=coerce,
                                                 downcast=downcast)
          # try an interp method
          try:
              m = com._clean_interp_method(method, **kwargs)
          except:
              m = None
  
          if m is not None:
              r = check_int_bool(self, inplace)
              if r is not None:
                  return r
              return self._interpolate(method=m,
                                       index=index,
                                       values=values,
                                       axis=axis,
                                       limit=limit,
                                       fill_value=fill_value,
                                       inplace=inplace,
                                       downcast=downcast,
                                       **kwargs)
  
          raise ValueError("invalid method '{0}' to interpolate.".format(method))
  
      def _interpolate_with_fill(self, method='pad', axis=0, inplace=False,
                                 limit=None, fill_value=None, coerce=False,
                                 downcast=None):
          """ fillna but using the interpolate machinery """
  
          # if we are coercing, then don't force the conversion
          # if the block can't hold the type
          if coerce:
              if not self._can_hold_na:
                  if inplace:
                      return [self]
                  else:
                      return [self.copy()]
  
          fill_value = self._try_fill(fill_value)
          values = self.values if inplace else self.values.copy()
          values = self._try_operate(values)
          values = com.interpolate_2d(values,
                                      method=method,
                                      axis=axis,
                                      limit=limit,
                                      fill_value=fill_value,
                                      dtype=self.dtype)
          values = self._try_coerce_result(values)
  
          blocks = [make_block(values,
                               ndim=self.ndim, klass=self.__class__,
                               fastpath=True, placement=self.mgr_locs)]
          return self._maybe_downcast(blocks, downcast)
  
      def _interpolate(self, method=None, index=None, values=None,
                       fill_value=None, axis=0, limit=None,
                       inplace=False, downcast=None, **kwargs):
          """ interpolate using scipy wrappers """
  
          data = self.values if inplace else self.values.copy()
  
          # only deal with floats
          if not self.is_float:
              if not self.is_integer:
                  return self
              data = data.astype(np.float64)
  
          if fill_value is None:
              fill_value = self.fill_value
  
          if method in ('krogh', 'piecewise_polynomial', 'pchip'):
              if not index.is_monotonic:
                  raise ValueError("{0} interpolation requires that the "
                                   "index be monotonic.".format(method))
          # process 1-d slices in the axis direction
  
          def func(x):
  
              # process a 1-d slice, returning it
              # should the axis argument be handled below in apply_along_axis?
              # i.e. not an arg to com.interpolate_1d
              return com.interpolate_1d(index, x, method=method, limit=limit,
                                        fill_value=fill_value,
                                        bounds_error=False, **kwargs)
  
          # interp each column independently
          interp_values = np.apply_along_axis(func, axis, data)
  
          blocks = [make_block(interp_values,
                               ndim=self.ndim, klass=self.__class__,
                               fastpath=True, placement=self.mgr_locs)]
          return self._maybe_downcast(blocks, downcast)
  
      def take_nd(self, indexer, axis, new_mgr_locs=None, fill_tuple=None):
          """
          Take values according to indexer and return them as a block.bb
  
          """
          if fill_tuple is None:
              fill_value = self.fill_value
              new_values = com.take_nd(self.get_values(), indexer, axis=axis,
                                       allow_fill=False)
          else:
              fill_value = fill_tuple[0]
              new_values = com.take_nd(self.get_values(), indexer, axis=axis,
                                       allow_fill=True, fill_value=fill_value)
  
          if new_mgr_locs is None:
              if axis == 0:
                  slc = lib.indexer_as_slice(indexer)
                  if slc is not None:
                      new_mgr_locs = self.mgr_locs[slc]
                  else:
                      new_mgr_locs = self.mgr_locs[indexer]
              else:
                  new_mgr_locs = self.mgr_locs
  
          if new_values.dtype != self.dtype:
              return make_block(new_values, new_mgr_locs)
          else:
              return self.make_block_same_class(new_values, new_mgr_locs)
  
      def get_values(self, dtype=None):
          return self.values
  
      def diff(self, n, axis=1):
          """ return block for the diff of the values """
          new_values = com.diff(self.values, n, axis=axis)
          return [make_block(values=new_values,
                             ndim=self.ndim, fastpath=True,
                             placement=self.mgr_locs)]
  
      def shift(self, periods, axis=0):
          """ shift the block by periods, possibly upcast """
          # convert integer to float if necessary. need to do a lot more than
          # that, handle boolean etc also
          new_values, fill_value = com._maybe_upcast(self.values)
          # make sure array sent to np.roll is c_contiguous
          f_ordered = new_values.flags.f_contiguous
          if f_ordered:
              new_values = new_values.T
              axis = new_values.ndim - axis - 1
  
          if np.prod(new_values.shape):
              new_values = np.roll(new_values, com._ensure_platform_int(periods), axis=axis)
  
          axis_indexer = [ slice(None) ] * self.ndim
          if periods > 0:
              axis_indexer[axis] = slice(None,periods)
          else:
              axis_indexer[axis] = slice(periods,None)
          new_values[tuple(axis_indexer)] = fill_value
  
          # restore original order
          if f_ordered:
              new_values = new_values.T
  
          return [make_block(new_values,
                             ndim=self.ndim, fastpath=True,
                             placement=self.mgr_locs)]
  
      def eval(self, func, other, raise_on_error=True, try_cast=False):
          """
          evaluate the block; return result block from the result
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          func  : how to combine self, other
          other : a ndarray/object
          raise_on_error : if True, raise when I can't perform the function,
              False by default (and just return the data that we had coming in)
  
          Returns
          -------
          a new block, the result of the func
          """
          values = self.values
  
          if hasattr(other, 'reindex_axis'):
              other = other.values
  
          # make sure that we can broadcast
          is_transposed = False
          if hasattr(other, 'ndim') and hasattr(values, 'ndim'):
              if values.ndim != other.ndim:
                  is_transposed = True
              else:
                  if values.shape == other.shape[::-1]:
                      is_transposed = True
                  elif values.shape[0] == other.shape[-1]:
                      is_transposed = True
                  else:
                      # this is a broadcast error heree
                      raise ValueError("cannot broadcast shape [%s] with block "
                                       "values [%s]" % (values.T.shape,
                                                        other.shape))
  
          transf = (lambda x: x.T) if is_transposed else (lambda x: x)
  
          # coerce/transpose the args if needed
          values, other = self._try_coerce_args(transf(values), other)
  
          # get the result, may need to transpose the other
          def get_result(other):
              return self._try_coerce_result(func(values, other))
  
          # error handler if we have an issue operating with the function
          def handle_error():
  
              if raise_on_error:
                  raise TypeError('Could not operate %s with block values %s'
                                  % (repr(other), str(detail)))
              else:
                  # return the values
                  result = np.empty(values.shape, dtype='O')
                  result.fill(np.nan)
                  return result
  
          # get the result
          try:
              result = get_result(other)
  
          # if we have an invalid shape/broadcast error
          # GH4576, so raise instead of allowing to pass through
          except ValueError as detail:
              raise
          except Exception as detail:
              result = handle_error()
  
          # technically a broadcast error in numpy can 'work' by returning a
          # boolean False
          if not isinstance(result, np.ndarray):
              if not isinstance(result, np.ndarray):
  
                  # differentiate between an invalid ndarray-ndarray comparison
                  # and an invalid type comparison
                  if isinstance(values, np.ndarray) and is_list_like(other):
                      raise ValueError('Invalid broadcasting comparison [%s] '
                                       'with block values' % repr(other))
  
                  raise TypeError('Could not compare [%s] with block values'
                                  % repr(other))
  
          # transpose if needed
          result = transf(result)
  
          # try to cast if requested
          if try_cast:
              result = self._try_cast_result(result)
  
          return [make_block(result, ndim=self.ndim,
                             fastpath=True, placement=self.mgr_locs)]
  
      def where(self, other, cond, align=True, raise_on_error=True,
                try_cast=False):
          """
          evaluate the block; return result block(s) from the result
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          other : a ndarray/object
          cond  : the condition to respect
          align : boolean, perform alignment on other/cond
          raise_on_error : if True, raise when I can't perform the function,
              False by default (and just return the data that we had coming in)
  
          Returns
          -------
          a new block(s), the result of the func
          """
  
          values = self.values
  
          # see if we can align other
          if hasattr(other, 'reindex_axis'):
              other = other.values
  
          # make sure that we can broadcast
          is_transposed = False
          if hasattr(other, 'ndim') and hasattr(values, 'ndim'):
              if values.ndim != other.ndim or values.shape == other.shape[::-1]:
  
                  # if its symmetric are ok, no reshaping needed (GH 7506)
                  if (values.shape[0] == np.array(values.shape)).all():
                      pass
  
                  # pseodo broadcast (its a 2d vs 1d say and where needs it in a
                  # specific direction)
                  elif (other.ndim >= 1 and values.ndim - 1 == other.ndim and
                          values.shape[0] != other.shape[0]):
                      other = _block_shape(other).T
                  else:
                      values = values.T
                      is_transposed = True
  
          # see if we can align cond
          if not hasattr(cond, 'shape'):
              raise ValueError(
                  "where must have a condition that is ndarray like")
  
          if hasattr(cond, 'reindex_axis'):
              cond = cond.values
  
          # may need to undo transpose of values
          if hasattr(values, 'ndim'):
              if values.ndim != cond.ndim or values.shape == cond.shape[::-1]:
  
                  values = values.T
                  is_transposed = not is_transposed
  
          other = _maybe_convert_string_to_object(other)
  
          # our where function
          def func(c, v, o):
              if c.ravel().all():
                  return v
  
              v, o = self._try_coerce_args(v, o)
              try:
                  return self._try_coerce_result(
                      expressions.where(c, v, o, raise_on_error=True)
                  )
              except Exception as detail:
                  if raise_on_error:
                      raise TypeError('Could not operate [%s] with block values '
                                      '[%s]' % (repr(o), str(detail)))
                  else:
                      # return the values
                      result = np.empty(v.shape, dtype='float64')
                      result.fill(np.nan)
                      return result
  
          # see if we can operate on the entire block, or need item-by-item
          # or if we are a single block (ndim == 1)
          result = func(cond, values, other)
          if self._can_hold_na or self.ndim == 1:
  
              if not isinstance(result, np.ndarray):
                  raise TypeError('Could not compare [%s] with block values'
                                  % repr(other))
  
              if is_transposed:
                  result = result.T
  
              # try to cast if requested
              if try_cast:
                  result = self._try_cast_result(result)
  
              return make_block(result,
                                ndim=self.ndim, placement=self.mgr_locs)
  
          # might need to separate out blocks
          axis = cond.ndim - 1
          cond = cond.swapaxes(axis, 0)
          mask = np.array([cond[i].all() for i in range(cond.shape[0])],
                          dtype=bool)
  
          result_blocks = []
          for m in [mask, ~mask]:
              if m.any():
                  r = self._try_cast_result(
                      result.take(m.nonzero()[0], axis=axis))
                  result_blocks.append(make_block(r.T,
                                                  placement=self.mgr_locs[m]))
  
          return result_blocks
  
      def equals(self, other):
          if self.dtype != other.dtype or self.shape != other.shape: return False
          return array_equivalent(self.values, other.values)
  
  
  class NonConsolidatableMixIn(object):
      """ hold methods for the nonconsolidatable blocks """
      _can_consolidate = False
      _verify_integrity = False
      _validate_ndim = False
      _holder = None
  
      def __init__(self, values, placement,
                   ndim=None, fastpath=False,):
  
          # Placement must be converted to BlockPlacement via property setter
          # before ndim logic, because placement may be a slice which doesn't
          # have a length.
          self.mgr_locs = placement
  
          # kludgetastic
          if ndim is None:
              if len(self.mgr_locs) != 1:
                  ndim = 1
              else:
                  ndim = 2
          self.ndim = ndim
  
          if not isinstance(values, self._holder):
              raise TypeError("values must be {0}".format(self._holder.__name__))
  
          self.values = values
  
      def get_values(self, dtype=None):
          """ need to to_dense myself (and always return a ndim sized object) """
          values = self.values.to_dense()
          if values.ndim == self.ndim - 1:
              values = values.reshape((1,) + values.shape)
          return values
  
      def iget(self, col):
  
          if self.ndim == 2 and isinstance(col, tuple):
              col, loc = col
              if col != 0:
                  raise IndexError("{0} only contains one item".format(self))
              return self.values[loc]
          else:
              if col != 0:
                  raise IndexError("{0} only contains one item".format(self))
              return self.values
  
      def should_store(self, value):
          return isinstance(value, self._holder)
  
      def set(self, locs, values, check=False):
          assert locs.tolist() == [0]
          self.values = values
  
      def get(self, item):
          if self.ndim == 1:
              loc = self.items.get_loc(item)
              return self.values[loc]
          else:
              return self.values
  
      def _slice(self, slicer):
          """ return a slice of my values (but densify first) """
          return self.get_values()[slicer]
  
      def _try_cast_result(self, result, dtype=None):
          return result
  
  
  class NumericBlock(Block):
      __slots__ = ()
      is_numeric = True
      _can_hold_na = True
  
  
  class FloatOrComplexBlock(NumericBlock):
      __slots__ = ()
  
      def equals(self, other):
          if self.dtype != other.dtype or self.shape != other.shape: return False
          left, right = self.values, other.values
          return ((left == right) | (np.isnan(left) & np.isnan(right))).all()
  
  
  class FloatBlock(FloatOrComplexBlock):
      __slots__ = ()
      is_float = True
      _downcast_dtype = 'int64'
  
      def _can_hold_element(self, element):
          if is_list_like(element):
              element = np.array(element)
              tipo = element.dtype.type
              return issubclass(tipo, (np.floating, np.integer)) and not issubclass(
                  tipo, (np.datetime64, np.timedelta64))
          return isinstance(element, (float, int, np.float_, np.int_)) and not isinstance(
              element, (bool, np.bool_, datetime, timedelta, np.datetime64, np.timedelta64))
  
      def _try_cast(self, element):
          try:
              return float(element)
          except:  # pragma: no cover
              return element
  
      def to_native_types(self, slicer=None, na_rep='', float_format=None, decimal='.',
                          quoting=None, **kwargs):
          """ convert to our native types format, slicing if desired """
  
          values = self.values
          if slicer is not None:
              values = values[:, slicer]
          mask = isnull(values)
  
          formatter = None
          if float_format and decimal != '.':
              formatter = lambda v : (float_format % v).replace('.',decimal,1)
          elif decimal != '.':
              formatter = lambda v : ('%g' % v).replace('.',decimal,1)
          elif float_format:
              formatter = lambda v : float_format % v
  
          if formatter is None and not quoting:
              values = values.astype(str)
          else:
              values = np.array(values, dtype='object')
  
          values[mask] = na_rep
          if formatter:
              imask = (~mask).ravel()
              values.flat[imask] = np.array(
                  [formatter(val) for val in values.ravel()[imask]])
  
          return values
  
      def should_store(self, value):
          # when inserting a column should not coerce integers to floats
          # unnecessarily
          return (issubclass(value.dtype.type, np.floating) and
                  value.dtype == self.dtype)
  
  
  class ComplexBlock(FloatOrComplexBlock):
      __slots__ = ()
      is_complex = True
  
      def _can_hold_element(self, element):
          if is_list_like(element):
              element = np.array(element)
              return issubclass(element.dtype.type, (np.floating, np.integer, np.complexfloating))
          return (isinstance(element, (float, int, complex, np.float_, np.int_)) and
                  not isinstance(bool, np.bool_))
  
      def _try_cast(self, element):
          try:
              return complex(element)
          except:  # pragma: no cover
              return element
  
      def should_store(self, value):
          return issubclass(value.dtype.type, np.complexfloating)
  
  
  class IntBlock(NumericBlock):
      __slots__ = ()
      is_integer = True
      _can_hold_na = False
  
      def _can_hold_element(self, element):
          if is_list_like(element):
              element = np.array(element)
              tipo = element.dtype.type
              return issubclass(tipo, np.integer) and not issubclass(tipo, (np.datetime64, np.timedelta64))
          return com.is_integer(element)
  
      def _try_cast(self, element):
          try:
              return int(element)
          except:  # pragma: no cover
              return element
  
      def should_store(self, value):
          return com.is_integer_dtype(value) and value.dtype == self.dtype
  
  
  class TimeDeltaBlock(IntBlock):
      __slots__ = ()
      is_timedelta = True
      _can_hold_na = True
      is_numeric = False
  
      @property
      def fill_value(self):
          return tslib.iNaT
  
      def _try_fill(self, value):
          """ if we are a NaT, return the actual fill value """
          if isinstance(value, type(tslib.NaT)) or np.array(isnull(value)).all():
              value = tslib.iNaT
          elif isinstance(value, Timedelta):
              value = value.value
          elif isinstance(value, np.timedelta64):
              pass
          elif com.is_integer(value):
              # coerce to seconds of timedelta
              value = np.timedelta64(int(value * 1e9))
          elif isinstance(value, timedelta):
              value = np.timedelta64(value)
  
          return value
  
      def _try_coerce_args(self, values, other):
          """ Coerce values and other to float64, with null values converted to
              NaN. values is always ndarray-like, other may not be """
          def masker(v):
              mask = isnull(v)
              v = v.astype('float64')
              v[mask] = np.nan
              return v
  
          values = masker(values)
  
          if is_null_datelike_scalar(other):
              other = np.nan
          elif isinstance(other, (np.timedelta64, Timedelta, timedelta)):
              other = _coerce_scalar_to_timedelta_type(other, unit='s', box=False).item()
              if other == tslib.iNaT:
                  other = np.nan
          elif lib.isscalar(other):
              other = np.float64(other)
          else:
              other = masker(other)
  
          return values, other
  
      def _try_operate(self, values):
          """ return a version to operate on """
          return values.view('i8')
  
      def _try_coerce_result(self, result):
          """ reverse of try_coerce_args / try_operate """
          if isinstance(result, np.ndarray):
              mask = isnull(result)
              if result.dtype.kind in ['i', 'f', 'O']:
                  result = result.astype('m8[ns]')
              result[mask] = tslib.iNaT
          elif isinstance(result, np.integer):
              result = lib.Timedelta(result)
          return result
  
      def should_store(self, value):
          return issubclass(value.dtype.type, np.timedelta64)
  
      def to_native_types(self, slicer=None, na_rep=None, quoting=None, **kwargs):
          """ convert to our native types format, slicing if desired """
  
          values = self.values
          if slicer is not None:
              values = values[:, slicer]
          mask = isnull(values)
  
          rvalues = np.empty(values.shape, dtype=object)
          if na_rep is None:
              na_rep = 'NaT'
          rvalues[mask] = na_rep
          imask = (~mask).ravel()
  
          #### FIXME ####
          # should use the core.format.Timedelta64Formatter here
          # to figure what format to pass to the Timedelta
          # e.g. to not show the decimals say
          rvalues.flat[imask] = np.array([Timedelta(val)._repr_base(format='all')
                                          for val in values.ravel()[imask]],
                                         dtype=object)
          return rvalues
  
  
      def get_values(self, dtype=None):
          # return object dtypes as Timedelta
          if dtype == object:
              return lib.map_infer(self.values.ravel(), lib.Timedelta
                                   ).reshape(self.values.shape)
          return self.values
  
  class BoolBlock(NumericBlock):
      __slots__ = ()
      is_bool = True
      _can_hold_na = False
  
      def _can_hold_element(self, element):
          if is_list_like(element):
              element = np.array(element)
              return issubclass(element.dtype.type, np.integer)
          return isinstance(element, (int, bool))
  
      def _try_cast(self, element):
          try:
              return bool(element)
          except:  # pragma: no cover
              return element
  
      def should_store(self, value):
          return issubclass(value.dtype.type, np.bool_)
  
      def replace(self, to_replace, value, inplace=False, filter=None,
                  regex=False):
          to_replace_values = np.atleast_1d(to_replace)
          if not np.can_cast(to_replace_values, bool):
              return self
          return super(BoolBlock, self).replace(to_replace, value,
                                                inplace=inplace, filter=filter,
                                                regex=regex)
  
  
  class ObjectBlock(Block):
      __slots__ = ()
      is_object = True
      _can_hold_na = True
  
      def __init__(self, values, ndim=2, fastpath=False,
                   placement=None):
          if issubclass(values.dtype.type, compat.string_types):
              values = np.array(values, dtype=object)
  
          super(ObjectBlock, self).__init__(values, ndim=ndim,
                                            fastpath=fastpath,
                                            placement=placement)
  
      @property
      def is_bool(self):
          """ we can be a bool if we have only bool values but are of type
          object
          """
          return lib.is_bool_array(self.values.ravel())
  
      def convert(self, convert_dates=True, convert_numeric=True, convert_timedeltas=True,
                  copy=True, by_item=True):
          """ attempt to coerce any object types to better types
              return a copy of the block (if copy = True)
              by definition we ARE an ObjectBlock!!!!!
  
              can return multiple blocks!
              """
  
          # attempt to create new type blocks
          blocks = []
          if by_item and not self._is_single_block:
  
              for i, rl in enumerate(self.mgr_locs):
                  values = self.iget(i)
  
                  values = com._possibly_convert_objects(
                      values.ravel(), convert_dates=convert_dates,
                      convert_numeric=convert_numeric,
                      convert_timedeltas=convert_timedeltas,
                  ).reshape(values.shape)
                  values = _block_shape(values, ndim=self.ndim)
                  newb = make_block(values,
                                    ndim=self.ndim, placement=[rl])
                  blocks.append(newb)
  
          else:
  
              values = com._possibly_convert_objects(
                  self.values.ravel(), convert_dates=convert_dates,
                  convert_numeric=convert_numeric
              ).reshape(self.values.shape)
              blocks.append(make_block(values,
                                       ndim=self.ndim, placement=self.mgr_locs))
  
          return blocks
  
      def set(self, locs, values, check=False):
          """
          Modify Block in-place with new item value
  
          Returns
          -------
          None
          """
  
          # GH6026
          if check:
              try:
                  if (self.values[locs] == values).all():
                      return
              except:
                  pass
          try:
              self.values[locs] = values
          except (ValueError):
  
              # broadcasting error
              # see GH6171
              new_shape = list(values.shape)
              new_shape[0] = len(self.items)
              self.values = np.empty(tuple(new_shape),dtype=self.dtype)
              self.values.fill(np.nan)
              self.values[locs] = values
  
  
      def _maybe_downcast(self, blocks, downcast=None):
  
          if downcast is not None:
              return blocks
  
          # split and convert the blocks
          result_blocks = []
          for blk in blocks:
              result_blocks.extend(blk.convert(convert_dates=True,
                                               convert_numeric=False))
          return result_blocks
  
      def _can_hold_element(self, element):
          return True
  
      def _try_cast(self, element):
          return element
  
      def should_store(self, value):
          return not (issubclass(value.dtype.type,
                                (np.integer, np.floating, np.complexfloating,
                                 np.datetime64, np.bool_)) or com.is_categorical_dtype(value))
  
      def replace(self, to_replace, value, inplace=False, filter=None,
                  regex=False):
          blk = [self]
          to_rep_is_list = com.is_list_like(to_replace)
          value_is_list = com.is_list_like(value)
          both_lists = to_rep_is_list and value_is_list
          either_list = to_rep_is_list or value_is_list
  
          if not either_list and com.is_re(to_replace):
              blk[0], = blk[0]._replace_single(to_replace, value,
                                               inplace=inplace, filter=filter,
                                               regex=True)
          elif not (either_list or regex):
              blk = super(ObjectBlock, self).replace(to_replace, value,
                                                     inplace=inplace,
                                                     filter=filter, regex=regex)
          elif both_lists:
              for to_rep, v in zip(to_replace, value):
                  blk[0], = blk[0]._replace_single(to_rep, v, inplace=inplace,
                                                   filter=filter, regex=regex)
          elif to_rep_is_list and regex:
              for to_rep in to_replace:
                  blk[0], = blk[0]._replace_single(to_rep, value,
                                                   inplace=inplace,
                                                   filter=filter, regex=regex)
          else:
              blk[0], = blk[0]._replace_single(to_replace, value,
                                               inplace=inplace, filter=filter,
                                               regex=regex)
          return blk
  
      def _replace_single(self, to_replace, value, inplace=False, filter=None,
                          regex=False):
          # to_replace is regex compilable
          to_rep_re = regex and com.is_re_compilable(to_replace)
  
          # regex is regex compilable
          regex_re = com.is_re_compilable(regex)
  
          # only one will survive
          if to_rep_re and regex_re:
              raise AssertionError('only one of to_replace and regex can be '
                                   'regex compilable')
  
          # if regex was passed as something that can be a regex (rather than a
          # boolean)
          if regex_re:
              to_replace = regex
  
          regex = regex_re or to_rep_re
  
          # try to get the pattern attribute (compiled re) or it's a string
          try:
              pattern = to_replace.pattern
          except AttributeError:
              pattern = to_replace
  
          # if the pattern is not empty and to_replace is either a string or a
          # regex
          if regex and pattern:
              rx = re.compile(to_replace)
          else:
              # if the thing to replace is not a string or compiled regex call
              # the superclass method -> to_replace is some kind of object
              result = super(ObjectBlock, self).replace(to_replace, value,
                                                        inplace=inplace,
                                                        filter=filter,
                                                        regex=regex)
              if not isinstance(result, list):
                  result = [result]
              return result
  
          new_values = self.values if inplace else self.values.copy()
  
          # deal with replacing values with objects (strings) that match but
          # whose replacement is not a string (numeric, nan, object)
          if isnull(value) or not isinstance(value, compat.string_types):
              def re_replacer(s):
                  try:
                      return value if rx.search(s) is not None else s
                  except TypeError:
                      return s
          else:
              # value is guaranteed to be a string here, s can be either a string
              # or null if it's null it gets returned
              def re_replacer(s):
                  try:
                      return rx.sub(value, s)
                  except TypeError:
                      return s
  
          f = np.vectorize(re_replacer, otypes=[self.dtype])
  
          if filter is None:
              filt = slice(None)
          else:
              filt = self.mgr_locs.isin(filter).nonzero()[0]
  
          new_values[filt] = f(new_values[filt])
  
          return [self if inplace else
                  make_block(new_values,
                             fastpath=True, placement=self.mgr_locs)]
  
  class CategoricalBlock(NonConsolidatableMixIn, ObjectBlock):
      __slots__ = ()
      is_categorical = True
      _can_hold_na = True
      _holder = Categorical
  
      def __init__(self, values, placement,
                   fastpath=False, **kwargs):
  
          # coerce to categorical if we can
          super(CategoricalBlock, self).__init__(maybe_to_categorical(values),
                                                 fastpath=True, placement=placement,
                                                 **kwargs)
  
      @property
      def is_view(self):
          """ I am never a view """
          return False
  
      def to_dense(self):
          return self.values.to_dense().view()
  
      @property
      def shape(self):
          return (len(self.mgr_locs), len(self.values))
  
      @property
      def array_dtype(self):
          """ the dtype to return if I want to construct this block as an array """
          return np.object_
  
      def _slice(self, slicer):
          """ return a slice of my values """
  
          # slice the category
          # return same dims as we currently have
          return self.values._slice(slicer)
  
      def fillna(self, value, limit=None, inplace=False, downcast=None):
          # we may need to upcast our fill to match our dtype
          if limit is not None:
              raise NotImplementedError("specifying a limit for 'fillna' has "
                                        "not been implemented yet")
  
          values = self.values if inplace else self.values.copy()
          return [self.make_block_same_class(values=values.fillna(value=value,
                                                                  limit=limit),
                                             placement=self.mgr_locs)]
  
      def interpolate(self, method='pad', axis=0, inplace=False,
                      limit=None, fill_value=None, **kwargs):
  
          values = self.values if inplace else self.values.copy()
          return self.make_block_same_class(values=values.fillna(fill_value=fill_value,
                                                                 method=method,
                                                                 limit=limit),
                                            placement=self.mgr_locs)
  
      def take_nd(self, indexer, axis=0, new_mgr_locs=None, fill_tuple=None):
          """
          Take values according to indexer and return them as a block.bb
  
          """
          if fill_tuple is None:
              fill_value = None
          else:
              fill_value = fill_tuple[0]
  
          # axis doesn't matter; we are really a single-dim object
          # but are passed the axis depending on the calling routing
          # if its REALLY axis 0, then this will be a reindex and not a take
          new_values = self.values.take_nd(indexer, fill_value=fill_value)
  
          # if we are a 1-dim object, then always place at 0
          if self.ndim == 1:
              new_mgr_locs = [0]
          else:
              if new_mgr_locs is None:
                  new_mgr_locs = self.mgr_locs
  
          return self.make_block_same_class(new_values, new_mgr_locs)
  
      def putmask(self, mask, new, align=True, inplace=False):
          """ putmask the data to the block; it is possible that we may create a
          new dtype of block
  
          return the resulting block(s)
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          mask  : the condition to respect
          new : a ndarray/object
          align : boolean, perform alignment on other/cond, default is True
          inplace : perform inplace modification, default is False
  
          Returns
          -------
          a new block(s), the result of the putmask
          """
          new_values = self.values if inplace else self.values.copy()
          new_values[mask] = new
          return [self.make_block_same_class(values=new_values, placement=self.mgr_locs)]
  
      def _astype(self, dtype, copy=False, raise_on_error=True, values=None,
                  klass=None):
          """
          Coerce to the new type (if copy=True, return a new copy)
          raise on an except if raise == True
          """
  
          if self.is_categorical_astype(dtype):
              values = self.values
          else:
              values = np.asarray(self.values).astype(dtype, copy=False)
  
          if copy:
              values = values.copy()
  
          return make_block(values,
                            ndim=self.ndim,
                            placement=self.mgr_locs)
  
      def to_native_types(self, slicer=None, na_rep='', quoting=None, **kwargs):
          """ convert to our native types format, slicing if desired """
  
          values = self.values
          if slicer is not None:
              # Categorical is always one dimension
              values = values[slicer]
          mask = isnull(values)
          values = np.array(values, dtype='object')
          values[mask] = na_rep
  
          # we are expected to return a 2-d ndarray
          return values.reshape(1,len(values))
  
  class DatetimeBlock(Block):
      __slots__ = ()
      is_datetime = True
      _can_hold_na = True
  
      def __init__(self, values, placement,
                   fastpath=False, **kwargs):
          if values.dtype != _NS_DTYPE:
              values = tslib.cast_to_nanoseconds(values)
  
          super(DatetimeBlock, self).__init__(values,
                                              fastpath=True, placement=placement,
                                              **kwargs)
  
      def _can_hold_element(self, element):
          if is_list_like(element):
              element = np.array(element)
              return element.dtype == _NS_DTYPE or element.dtype == np.int64
          return (com.is_integer(element) or
                  isinstance(element, datetime) or
                  isnull(element))
  
      def _try_cast(self, element):
          try:
              return int(element)
          except:
              return element
  
      def _try_operate(self, values):
          """ return a version to operate on """
          return values.view('i8')
  
      def _try_coerce_args(self, values, other):
          """ Coerce values and other to dtype 'i8'. NaN and NaT convert to
              the smallest i8, and will correctly round-trip to NaT if converted
              back in _try_coerce_result. values is always ndarray-like, other
              may not be """
          values = values.view('i8')
  
          if is_null_datelike_scalar(other):
              other = tslib.iNaT
          elif isinstance(other, datetime):
              other = lib.Timestamp(other).asm8.view('i8')
          elif hasattr(other, 'dtype') and com.is_integer_dtype(other):
              other = other.view('i8')
          else:
              other = np.array(other, dtype='i8')
  
          return values, other
  
      def _try_coerce_result(self, result):
          """ reverse of try_coerce_args """
          if isinstance(result, np.ndarray):
              if result.dtype.kind in ['i', 'f', 'O']:
                  result = result.astype('M8[ns]')
          elif isinstance(result, (np.integer, np.datetime64)):
              result = lib.Timestamp(result)
          return result
  
      @property
      def fill_value(self):
          return tslib.iNaT
  
      def _try_fill(self, value):
          """ if we are a NaT, return the actual fill value """
          if isinstance(value, type(tslib.NaT)) or np.array(isnull(value)).all():
              value = tslib.iNaT
          return value
  
      def fillna(self, value, limit=None,
                 inplace=False, downcast=None):
  
          # straight putmask here
          values = self.values if inplace else self.values.copy()
          mask = isnull(self.values)
          value = self._try_fill(value)
          if limit is not None:
              if self.ndim > 2:
                  raise NotImplementedError("number of dimensions for 'fillna' "
                                            "is currently limited to 2")
              mask[mask.cumsum(self.ndim-1)>limit]=False
  
          np.putmask(values, mask, value)
          return [self if inplace else
                  make_block(values,
                             fastpath=True, placement=self.mgr_locs)]
  
      def to_native_types(self, slicer=None, na_rep=None, date_format=None,
                          quoting=None, **kwargs):
          """ convert to our native types format, slicing if desired """
  
          values = self.values
          if slicer is not None:
              values = values[:, slicer]
  
          from pandas.core.format import _get_format_datetime64_from_values
          format = _get_format_datetime64_from_values(values, date_format)
  
          result = tslib.format_array_from_datetime(values.view('i8').ravel(),
                                                    tz=None,
                                                    format=format,
                                                    na_rep=na_rep).reshape(values.shape)
          return result
  
      def should_store(self, value):
          return issubclass(value.dtype.type, np.datetime64)
  
      def set(self, locs, values, check=False):
          """
          Modify Block in-place with new item value
  
          Returns
          -------
          None
          """
          if values.dtype != _NS_DTYPE:
              # Workaround for numpy 1.6 bug
              values = tslib.cast_to_nanoseconds(values)
  
          self.values[locs] = values
  
      def get_values(self, dtype=None):
          # return object dtype as Timestamps
          if dtype == object:
              return lib.map_infer(self.values.ravel(), lib.Timestamp)\
                        .reshape(self.values.shape)
          return self.values
  
  
  class SparseBlock(NonConsolidatableMixIn, Block):
      """ implement as a list of sparse arrays of the same dtype """
      __slots__ = ()
      is_sparse = True
      is_numeric = True
      _can_hold_na = True
      _ftype = 'sparse'
      _holder = SparseArray
  
      @property
      def shape(self):
          return (len(self.mgr_locs), self.sp_index.length)
  
      @property
      def itemsize(self):
          return self.dtype.itemsize
  
      @property
      def fill_value(self):
          #return np.nan
          return self.values.fill_value
  
      @fill_value.setter
      def fill_value(self, v):
          # we may need to upcast our fill to match our dtype
          if issubclass(self.dtype.type, np.floating):
              v = float(v)
          self.values.fill_value = v
  
      @property
      def sp_values(self):
          return self.values.sp_values
  
      @sp_values.setter
      def sp_values(self, v):
          # reset the sparse values
          self.values = SparseArray(v, sparse_index=self.sp_index,
                                    kind=self.kind, dtype=v.dtype,
                                    fill_value=self.values.fill_value,
                                    copy=False)
  
      @property
      def sp_index(self):
          return self.values.sp_index
  
      @property
      def kind(self):
          return self.values.kind
  
      def __len__(self):
          try:
              return self.sp_index.length
          except:
              return 0
  
      def copy(self, deep=True):
          return self.make_block_same_class(values=self.values,
                                            sparse_index=self.sp_index,
                                            kind=self.kind, copy=deep,
                                            placement=self.mgr_locs)
  
      def make_block_same_class(self, values, placement,
                                sparse_index=None, kind=None, dtype=None,
                                fill_value=None, copy=False, fastpath=True):
          """ return a new block """
          if dtype is None:
              dtype = self.dtype
          if fill_value is None:
              fill_value = self.values.fill_value
  
          # if not isinstance(values, SparseArray) and values.ndim != self.ndim:
          #     raise ValueError("ndim mismatch")
  
          if values.ndim == 2:
              nitems = values.shape[0]
  
              if nitems == 0:
                  # kludgy, but SparseBlocks cannot handle slices, where the
                  # output is 0-item, so let's convert it to a dense block: it
                  # won't take space since there's 0 items, plus it will preserve
                  # the dtype.
                  return make_block(np.empty(values.shape, dtype=dtype),
                                    placement, fastpath=True,)
              elif nitems > 1:
                  raise ValueError("Only 1-item 2d sparse blocks are supported")
              else:
                  values = values.reshape(values.shape[1])
  
          new_values = SparseArray(values, sparse_index=sparse_index,
                                   kind=kind or self.kind, dtype=dtype,
                                   fill_value=fill_value, copy=copy)
          return make_block(new_values, ndim=self.ndim,
                            fastpath=fastpath, placement=placement)
  
      def interpolate(self, method='pad', axis=0, inplace=False,
                      limit=None, fill_value=None, **kwargs):
  
          values = com.interpolate_2d(
              self.values.to_dense(), method, axis, limit, fill_value)
          return self.make_block_same_class(values=values,
                                            placement=self.mgr_locs)
  
      def fillna(self, value, limit=None, inplace=False, downcast=None):
          # we may need to upcast our fill to match our dtype
          if limit is not None:
              raise NotImplementedError("specifying a limit for 'fillna' has "
                                        "not been implemented yet")
          if issubclass(self.dtype.type, np.floating):
              value = float(value)
          values = self.values if inplace else self.values.copy()
          return [self.make_block_same_class(values=values.get_values(value),
                                             fill_value=value,
                                             placement=self.mgr_locs)]
  
      def shift(self, periods, axis=0):
          """ shift the block by periods """
          N = len(self.values.T)
          indexer = np.zeros(N, dtype=int)
          if periods > 0:
              indexer[periods:] = np.arange(N - periods)
          else:
              indexer[:periods] = np.arange(-periods, N)
          new_values = self.values.to_dense().take(indexer)
          # convert integer to float if necessary. need to do a lot more than
          # that, handle boolean etc also
          new_values, fill_value = com._maybe_upcast(new_values)
          if periods > 0:
              new_values[:periods] = fill_value
          else:
              new_values[periods:] = fill_value
          return [self.make_block_same_class(new_values, placement=self.mgr_locs)]
  
      def reindex_axis(self, indexer, method=None, axis=1, fill_value=None,
                       limit=None, mask_info=None):
          """
          Reindex using pre-computed indexer information
          """
          if axis < 1:
              raise AssertionError('axis must be at least 1, got %d' % axis)
  
          # taking on the 0th axis always here
          if fill_value is None:
              fill_value = self.fill_value
          return self.make_block_same_class(self.values.take(indexer),
                                            fill_value=fill_value,
                                            placement=self.mgr_locs)
  
      def sparse_reindex(self, new_index):
          """ sparse reindex and return a new block
              current reindex only works for float64 dtype! """
          values = self.values
          values = values.sp_index.to_int_index().reindex(
              values.sp_values.astype('float64'), values.fill_value, new_index)
          return self.make_block_same_class(values, sparse_index=new_index,
                                 placement=self.mgr_locs)
  
  
  def make_block(values, placement, klass=None, ndim=None,
                 dtype=None, fastpath=False):
      if klass is None:
          dtype = dtype or values.dtype
          vtype = dtype.type
  
          if isinstance(values, SparseArray):
              klass = SparseBlock
          elif issubclass(vtype, np.floating):
              klass = FloatBlock
          elif (issubclass(vtype, np.integer) and
                  issubclass(vtype, np.timedelta64)):
              klass = TimeDeltaBlock
          elif (issubclass(vtype, np.integer) and
                  not issubclass(vtype, np.datetime64)):
              klass = IntBlock
          elif dtype == np.bool_:
              klass = BoolBlock
          elif issubclass(vtype, np.datetime64):
              klass = DatetimeBlock
          elif issubclass(vtype, np.complexfloating):
              klass = ComplexBlock
          elif is_categorical(values):
              klass = CategoricalBlock
          else:
              klass = ObjectBlock
  
      return klass(values, ndim=ndim, fastpath=fastpath,
                   placement=placement)
  
  
  # TODO: flexible with index=None and/or items=None
  
  
  class BlockManager(PandasObject):
  
      """
      Core internal data structure to implement DataFrame
  
      Manage a bunch of labeled 2D mixed-type ndarrays. Essentially it's a
      lightweight blocked set of labeled data to be manipulated by the DataFrame
      public API class
  
      Attributes
      ----------
      shape
      ndim
      axes
      values
      items
  
      Methods
      -------
      set_axis(axis, new_labels)
      copy(deep=True)
  
      get_dtype_counts
      get_ftype_counts
      get_dtypes
      get_ftypes
  
      apply(func, axes, block_filter_fn)
  
      get_bool_data
      get_numeric_data
  
      get_slice(slice_like, axis)
      get(label)
      iget(loc)
      get_scalar(label_tup)
  
      take(indexer, axis)
      reindex_axis(new_labels, axis)
      reindex_indexer(new_labels, indexer, axis)
  
      delete(label)
      insert(loc, label, value)
      set(label, value)
  
      Parameters
      ----------
  
  
      Notes
      -----
      This is *not* a public API class
      """
      __slots__ = ['axes', 'blocks', '_ndim', '_shape', '_known_consolidated',
                   '_is_consolidated', '_blknos', '_blklocs']
  
      def __init__(self, blocks, axes, do_integrity_check=True, fastpath=True):
          self.axes = [_ensure_index(ax) for ax in axes]
          self.blocks = tuple(blocks)
  
          for block in blocks:
              if block.is_sparse:
                  if len(block.mgr_locs) != 1:
                      raise AssertionError("Sparse block refers to multiple items")
              else:
                  if self.ndim != block.ndim:
                      raise AssertionError(('Number of Block dimensions (%d) must '
                                            'equal number of axes (%d)')
                                           % (block.ndim, self.ndim))
  
          if do_integrity_check:
              self._verify_integrity()
  
          self._consolidate_check()
  
          self._rebuild_blknos_and_blklocs()
  
      def make_empty(self, axes=None):
          """ return an empty BlockManager with the items axis of len 0 """
          if axes is None:
              axes = [_ensure_index([])] + [
                  _ensure_index(a) for a in self.axes[1:]
              ]
  
          # preserve dtype if possible
          if self.ndim == 1:
              blocks = np.array([], dtype=self.array_dtype)
          else:
              blocks = []
          return self.__class__(blocks, axes)
  
      def __nonzero__(self):
          return True
  
      # Python3 compat
      __bool__ = __nonzero__
  
      @property
      def shape(self):
          return tuple(len(ax) for ax in self.axes)
  
      @property
      def ndim(self):
          return len(self.axes)
  
      def set_axis(self, axis, new_labels):
          new_labels = _ensure_index(new_labels)
          old_len = len(self.axes[axis])
          new_len = len(new_labels)
  
          if new_len != old_len:
              raise ValueError('Length mismatch: Expected axis has %d elements, '
                               'new values have %d elements' % (old_len, new_len))
  
          self.axes[axis] = new_labels
  
      def rename_axis(self, mapper, axis, copy=True):
          """
          Rename one of axes.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          mapper : unary callable
          axis : int
          copy : boolean, default True
  
          """
          obj = self.copy(deep=copy)
          obj.set_axis(axis, _transform_index(self.axes[axis], mapper))
          return obj
  
      def add_prefix(self, prefix):
          f = (str(prefix) + '%s').__mod__
          return self.rename_axis(f, axis=0)
  
      def add_suffix(self, suffix):
          f = ('%s' + str(suffix)).__mod__
          return self.rename_axis(f, axis=0)
  
      @property
      def _is_single_block(self):
          if self.ndim == 1:
              return True
  
          if len(self.blocks) != 1:
              return False
  
          blk = self.blocks[0]
          return (blk.mgr_locs.is_slice_like and
                  blk.mgr_locs.as_slice == slice(0, len(self), 1))
  
      def _rebuild_blknos_and_blklocs(self):
          """
          Update mgr._blknos / mgr._blklocs.
          """
          new_blknos = np.empty(self.shape[0], dtype=np.int64)
          new_blklocs = np.empty(self.shape[0], dtype=np.int64)
          new_blknos.fill(-1)
          new_blklocs.fill(-1)
  
          for blkno, blk in enumerate(self.blocks):
              rl = blk.mgr_locs
              new_blknos[rl.indexer] = blkno
              new_blklocs[rl.indexer] = np.arange(len(rl))
  
          if (new_blknos == -1).any():
              raise AssertionError("Gaps in blk ref_locs")
  
          self._blknos = new_blknos
          self._blklocs = new_blklocs
  
      # make items read only for now
      def _get_items(self):
          return self.axes[0]
      items = property(fget=_get_items)
  
      def _get_counts(self, f):
          """ return a dict of the counts of the function in BlockManager """
          self._consolidate_inplace()
          counts = dict()
          for b in self.blocks:
              v = f(b)
              counts[v] = counts.get(v, 0) + b.shape[0]
          return counts
  
      def get_dtype_counts(self):
          return self._get_counts(lambda b: b.dtype.name)
  
      def get_ftype_counts(self):
          return self._get_counts(lambda b: b.ftype)
  
      def get_dtypes(self):
          dtypes = np.array([blk.dtype for blk in self.blocks])
          return com.take_1d(dtypes, self._blknos, allow_fill=False)
  
      def get_ftypes(self):
          ftypes = np.array([blk.ftype for blk in self.blocks])
          return com.take_1d(ftypes, self._blknos, allow_fill=False)
  
      def __getstate__(self):
          block_values = [b.values for b in self.blocks]
          block_items = [self.items[b.mgr_locs.indexer] for b in self.blocks]
          axes_array = [ax for ax in self.axes]
  
          extra_state = {
              '0.14.1': {
                  'axes': axes_array,
                  'blocks': [dict(values=b.values,
                                  mgr_locs=b.mgr_locs.indexer)
                             for b in self.blocks]
              }
          }
  
          # First three elements of the state are to maintain forward
          # compatibility with 0.13.1.
          return axes_array, block_values, block_items, extra_state
  
      def __setstate__(self, state):
          def unpickle_block(values, mgr_locs):
              # numpy < 1.7 pickle compat
              if values.dtype == 'M8[us]':
                  values = values.astype('M8[ns]')
              return make_block(values, placement=mgr_locs)
  
          if (isinstance(state, tuple) and len(state) >= 4
              and '0.14.1' in state[3]):
              state = state[3]['0.14.1']
              self.axes = [_ensure_index(ax) for ax in state['axes']]
              self.blocks = tuple(
                  unpickle_block(b['values'], b['mgr_locs'])
                  for b in state['blocks'])
          else:
              # discard anything after 3rd, support beta pickling format for a
              # little while longer
              ax_arrays, bvalues, bitems = state[:3]
  
              self.axes = [_ensure_index(ax) for ax in ax_arrays]
  
              if len(bitems) == 1 and self.axes[0].equals(bitems[0]):
                  # This is a workaround for pre-0.14.1 pickles that didn't
                  # support unpickling multi-block frames/panels with non-unique
                  # columns/items, because given a manager with items ["a", "b",
                  # "a"] there's no way of knowing which block's "a" is where.
                  #
                  # Single-block case can be supported under the assumption that
                  # block items corresponded to manager items 1-to-1.
                  all_mgr_locs = [slice(0, len(bitems[0]))]
              else:
                  all_mgr_locs = [self.axes[0].get_indexer(blk_items)
                                  for blk_items in bitems]
  
              self.blocks = tuple(
                  unpickle_block(values, mgr_locs)
                  for values, mgr_locs in zip(bvalues, all_mgr_locs))
  
          self._post_setstate()
  
      def _post_setstate(self):
          self._is_consolidated = False
          self._known_consolidated = False
          self._rebuild_blknos_and_blklocs()
  
      def __len__(self):
          return len(self.items)
  
      def __unicode__(self):
          output = com.pprint_thing(self.__class__.__name__)
          for i, ax in enumerate(self.axes):
              if i == 0:
                  output += u('\nItems: %s') % ax
              else:
                  output += u('\nAxis %d: %s') % (i, ax)
  
          for block in self.blocks:
              output += u('\n%s') % com.pprint_thing(block)
          return output
  
      def _verify_integrity(self):
          mgr_shape = self.shape
          tot_items = sum(len(x.mgr_locs) for x in self.blocks)
          for block in self.blocks:
              if not block.is_sparse and block.shape[1:] != mgr_shape[1:]:
                  construction_error(tot_items, block.shape[1:], self.axes)
          if len(self.items) != tot_items:
              raise AssertionError('Number of manager items must equal union of '
                                   'block items\n# manager items: {0}, # '
                                   'tot_items: {1}'.format(len(self.items),
                                                           tot_items))
  
      def apply(self, f, axes=None, filter=None, do_integrity_check=False, **kwargs):
          """
          iterate over the blocks, collect and create a new block manager
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          f : the callable or function name to operate on at the block level
          axes : optional (if not supplied, use self.axes)
          filter : list, if supplied, only call the block if the filter is in
                   the block
          do_integrity_check : boolean, default False. Do the block manager integrity check
  
          Returns
          -------
          Block Manager (new object)
  
          """
  
          result_blocks = []
  
          # filter kwarg is used in replace-* family of methods
          if filter is not None:
              filter_locs = set(self.items.get_indexer_for(filter))
              if len(filter_locs) == len(self.items):
                  # All items are included, as if there were no filtering
                  filter = None
              else:
                  kwargs['filter'] = filter_locs
  
          if f == 'where' and kwargs.get('align', True):
              align_copy = True
              align_keys = ['other', 'cond']
          elif f == 'putmask' and kwargs.get('align', True):
              align_copy = False
              align_keys = ['new', 'mask']
          elif f == 'eval':
              align_copy = False
              align_keys = ['other']
          elif f == 'fillna':
              # fillna internally does putmask, maybe it's better to do this
              # at mgr, not block level?
              align_copy = False
              align_keys = ['value']
          else:
              align_keys = []
  
          aligned_args = dict((k, kwargs[k]) for k in align_keys
                              if hasattr(kwargs[k], 'reindex_axis'))
  
          for b in self.blocks:
              if filter is not None:
                  if not b.mgr_locs.isin(filter_locs).any():
                      result_blocks.append(b)
                      continue
  
              if aligned_args:
                  b_items = self.items[b.mgr_locs.indexer]
  
                  for k, obj in aligned_args.items():
                      axis = getattr(obj, '_info_axis_number', 0)
                      kwargs[k] = obj.reindex_axis(b_items, axis=axis,
                                                   copy=align_copy)
  
              applied = getattr(b, f)(**kwargs)
  
              if isinstance(applied, list):
                  result_blocks.extend(applied)
              else:
                  result_blocks.append(applied)
  
          if len(result_blocks) == 0:
              return self.make_empty(axes or self.axes)
          bm = self.__class__(result_blocks, axes or self.axes,
                              do_integrity_check=do_integrity_check)
          bm._consolidate_inplace()
          return bm
  
      def isnull(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('apply', **kwargs)
  
      def where(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('where', **kwargs)
  
      def eval(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('eval', **kwargs)
  
      def setitem(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('setitem', **kwargs)
  
      def putmask(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('putmask', **kwargs)
  
      def diff(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('diff', **kwargs)
  
      def interpolate(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('interpolate', **kwargs)
  
      def shift(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('shift', **kwargs)
  
      def fillna(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('fillna', **kwargs)
  
      def downcast(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('downcast', **kwargs)
  
      def astype(self, dtype, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('astype', dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
  
      def convert(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('convert', **kwargs)
  
      def replace(self, **kwargs):
          return self.apply('replace', **kwargs)
  
      def replace_list(self, src_list, dest_list, inplace=False, regex=False):
          """ do a list replace """
  
          # figure out our mask a-priori to avoid repeated replacements
          values = self.as_matrix()
  
          def comp(s):
              if isnull(s):
                  return isnull(values)
              return _possibly_compare(values, getattr(s, 'asm8', s),
                                       operator.eq)
          masks = [comp(s) for i, s in enumerate(src_list)]
  
          result_blocks = []
          for blk in self.blocks:
  
              # its possible to get multiple result blocks here
              # replace ALWAYS will return a list
              rb = [blk if inplace else blk.copy()]
              for i, (s, d) in enumerate(zip(src_list, dest_list)):
                  new_rb = []
                  for b in rb:
                      if b.dtype == np.object_:
                          result = b.replace(s, d, inplace=inplace,
                                             regex=regex)
                          if isinstance(result, list):
                              new_rb.extend(result)
                          else:
                              new_rb.append(result)
                      else:
                          # get our mask for this element, sized to this
                          # particular block
                          m = masks[i][b.mgr_locs.indexer]
                          if m.any():
                              new_rb.extend(b.putmask(m, d, inplace=True))
                          else:
                              new_rb.append(b)
                  rb = new_rb
              result_blocks.extend(rb)
  
          bm = self.__class__(result_blocks, self.axes)
          bm._consolidate_inplace()
          return bm
  
      def reshape_nd(self, axes, **kwargs):
          """ a 2d-nd reshape operation on a BlockManager """
          return self.apply('reshape_nd', axes=axes, **kwargs)
  
      def is_consolidated(self):
          """
          Return True if more than one block with the same dtype
          """
          if not self._known_consolidated:
              self._consolidate_check()
          return self._is_consolidated
  
      def _consolidate_check(self):
          ftypes = [blk.ftype for blk in self.blocks]
          self._is_consolidated = len(ftypes) == len(set(ftypes))
          self._known_consolidated = True
  
      @property
      def is_mixed_type(self):
          # Warning, consolidation needs to get checked upstairs
          self._consolidate_inplace()
          return len(self.blocks) > 1
  
      @property
      def is_numeric_mixed_type(self):
          # Warning, consolidation needs to get checked upstairs
          self._consolidate_inplace()
          return all([block.is_numeric for block in self.blocks])
  
      @property
      def is_datelike_mixed_type(self):
          # Warning, consolidation needs to get checked upstairs
          self._consolidate_inplace()
          return any([block.is_datelike for block in self.blocks])
  
      @property
      def is_view(self):
          """ return a boolean if we are a single block and are a view """
          if len(self.blocks) == 1:
              return self.blocks[0].is_view
  
          # It is technically possible to figure out which blocks are views
          # e.g. [ b.values.base is not None for b in self.blocks ]
          # but then we have the case of possibly some blocks being a view
          # and some blocks not. setting in theory is possible on the non-view
          # blocks w/o causing a SettingWithCopy raise/warn. But this is a bit
          # complicated
  
          return False
  
      def get_bool_data(self, copy=False):
          """
          Parameters
          ----------
          copy : boolean, default False
              Whether to copy the blocks
          """
          self._consolidate_inplace()
          return self.combine([b for b in self.blocks if b.is_bool], copy)
  
      def get_numeric_data(self, copy=False):
          """
          Parameters
          ----------
          copy : boolean, default False
              Whether to copy the blocks
          """
          self._consolidate_inplace()
          return self.combine([b for b in self.blocks if b.is_numeric], copy)
  
      def combine(self, blocks, copy=True):
          """ return a new manager with the blocks """
          if len(blocks) == 0:
              return self.make_empty()
  
          # FIXME: optimization potential
          indexer = np.sort(np.concatenate([b.mgr_locs.as_array for b in blocks]))
          inv_indexer = lib.get_reverse_indexer(indexer, self.shape[0])
          new_items = self.items.take(indexer)
  
          new_blocks = []
          for b in blocks:
              b = b.copy(deep=copy)
              b.mgr_locs = com.take_1d(inv_indexer, b.mgr_locs.as_array, axis=0,
                                       allow_fill=False)
              new_blocks.append(b)
  
          new_axes = list(self.axes)
          new_axes[0] = new_items
          return self.__class__(new_blocks, new_axes, do_integrity_check=False)
  
      def get_slice(self, slobj, axis=0):
          if axis >= self.ndim:
              raise IndexError("Requested axis not found in manager")
  
          if axis == 0:
              new_blocks = self._slice_take_blocks_ax0(slobj)
          else:
              slicer = [slice(None)] * (axis + 1)
              slicer[axis] = slobj
              slicer = tuple(slicer)
              new_blocks = [blk.getitem_block(slicer) for blk in self.blocks]
  
          new_axes = list(self.axes)
          new_axes[axis] = new_axes[axis][slobj]
  
          bm = self.__class__(new_blocks, new_axes, do_integrity_check=False,
                              fastpath=True)
          bm._consolidate_inplace()
          return bm
  
      def __contains__(self, item):
          return item in self.items
  
      @property
      def nblocks(self):
          return len(self.blocks)
  
      def copy(self, deep=True):
          """
          Make deep or shallow copy of BlockManager
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          deep : boolean o rstring, default True
              If False, return shallow copy (do not copy data)
              If 'all', copy data and a deep copy of the index
  
          Returns
          -------
          copy : BlockManager
          """
  
          # this preserves the notion of view copying of axes
          if deep:
              if deep == 'all':
                  copy = lambda ax: ax.copy(deep=True)
              else:
                  copy = lambda ax: ax.view()
              new_axes = [ copy(ax) for ax in self.axes]
          else:
              new_axes = list(self.axes)
          return self.apply('copy', axes=new_axes, deep=deep,
                            do_integrity_check=False)
  
      def as_matrix(self, items=None):
          if len(self.blocks) == 0:
              return np.empty(self.shape, dtype=float)
  
          if items is not None:
              mgr = self.reindex_axis(items, axis=0)
          else:
              mgr = self
  
          if self._is_single_block or not self.is_mixed_type:
              return mgr.blocks[0].get_values()
          else:
              return mgr._interleave()
  
      def _interleave(self):
          """
          Return ndarray from blocks with specified item order
          Items must be contained in the blocks
          """
          dtype = _interleaved_dtype(self.blocks)
  
          result = np.empty(self.shape, dtype=dtype)
  
          if result.shape[0] == 0:
              # Workaround for numpy 1.7 bug:
              #
              #     >>> a = np.empty((0,10))
              #     >>> a[slice(0,0)]
              #     array([], shape=(0, 10), dtype=float64)
              #     >>> a[[]]
              #     Traceback (most recent call last):
              #       File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
              #     IndexError: index 0 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0
              return result
  
          itemmask = np.zeros(self.shape[0])
  
          for blk in self.blocks:
              rl = blk.mgr_locs
              result[rl.indexer] = blk.get_values(dtype)
              itemmask[rl.indexer] = 1
  
          if not itemmask.all():
              raise AssertionError('Some items were not contained in blocks')
  
          return result
  
      def xs(self, key, axis=1, copy=True, takeable=False):
          if axis < 1:
              raise AssertionError('Can only take xs across axis >= 1, got %d'
                                   % axis)
  
          # take by position
          if takeable:
              loc = key
          else:
              loc = self.axes[axis].get_loc(key)
  
          slicer = [slice(None, None) for _ in range(self.ndim)]
          slicer[axis] = loc
          slicer = tuple(slicer)
  
          new_axes = list(self.axes)
  
          # could be an array indexer!
          if isinstance(loc, (slice, np.ndarray)):
              new_axes[axis] = new_axes[axis][loc]
          else:
              new_axes.pop(axis)
  
          new_blocks = []
          if len(self.blocks) > 1:
              # we must copy here as we are mixed type
              for blk in self.blocks:
                  newb = make_block(values=blk.values[slicer],
                                    klass=blk.__class__, fastpath=True,
                                    placement=blk.mgr_locs)
                  new_blocks.append(newb)
          elif len(self.blocks) == 1:
              block = self.blocks[0]
              vals = block.values[slicer]
              if copy:
                  vals = vals.copy()
              new_blocks = [make_block(values=vals, placement=block.mgr_locs,
                                       klass=block.__class__, fastpath=True,)]
  
          return self.__class__(new_blocks, new_axes)
  
      def fast_xs(self, loc):
          """
          get a cross sectional for a given location in the
          items ; handle dups
  
          return the result, is *could* be a view in the case of a
          single block
          """
          if len(self.blocks) == 1:
              return self.blocks[0].values[:, loc]
  
          items = self.items
  
          # non-unique (GH4726)
          if not items.is_unique:
              result = self._interleave()
              if self.ndim == 2:
                  result = result.T
              return result[loc]
  
          # unique
          dtype = _interleaved_dtype(self.blocks)
          n = len(items)
          result = np.empty(n, dtype=dtype)
          for blk in self.blocks:
              # Such assignment may incorrectly coerce NaT to None
              # result[blk.mgr_locs] = blk._slice((slice(None), loc))
              for i, rl in enumerate(blk.mgr_locs):
                  result[rl] = blk._try_coerce_result(blk.iget((i, loc)))
  
          return result
  
      def consolidate(self):
          """
          Join together blocks having same dtype
  
          Returns
          -------
          y : BlockManager
          """
          if self.is_consolidated():
              return self
  
          bm = self.__class__(self.blocks, self.axes)
          bm._is_consolidated = False
          bm._consolidate_inplace()
          return bm
  
      def _consolidate_inplace(self):
          if not self.is_consolidated():
              self.blocks = tuple(_consolidate(self.blocks))
              self._is_consolidated = True
              self._known_consolidated = True
              self._rebuild_blknos_and_blklocs()
  
      def get(self, item, fastpath=True):
          """
          Return values for selected item (ndarray or BlockManager).
          """
          if self.items.is_unique:
  
              if not isnull(item):
                  loc = self.items.get_loc(item)
              else:
                  indexer = np.arange(len(self.items))[isnull(self.items)]
  
                  # allow a single nan location indexer
                  if not np.isscalar(indexer):
                      if len(indexer) == 1:
                          loc = indexer.item()
                      else:
                          raise ValueError("cannot label index with a null key")
  
              return self.iget(loc, fastpath=fastpath)
          else:
  
              if isnull(item):
                  raise ValueError("cannot label index with a null key")
  
              indexer = self.items.get_indexer_for([item])
              return self.reindex_indexer(new_axis=self.items[indexer],
                                          indexer=indexer, axis=0, allow_dups=True)
  
      def iget(self, i, fastpath=True):
          """
          Return the data as a SingleBlockManager if fastpath=True and possible
  
          Otherwise return as a ndarray
  
          """
  
          block = self.blocks[self._blknos[i]]
          values = block.iget(self._blklocs[i])
          if not fastpath or block.is_sparse or values.ndim != 1:
              return values
  
          # fastpath shortcut for select a single-dim from a 2-dim BM
          return SingleBlockManager([ block.make_block_same_class(values,
                                                                  placement=slice(0, len(values)),
                                                                  ndim=1,
                                                                  fastpath=True) ],
                                    self.axes[1])
  
  
      def get_scalar(self, tup):
          """
          Retrieve single item
          """
          full_loc = list(ax.get_loc(x)
                          for ax, x in zip(self.axes, tup))
          blk = self.blocks[self._blknos[full_loc[0]]]
          full_loc[0] = self._blklocs[full_loc[0]]
  
          # FIXME: this may return non-upcasted types?
          return blk.values[tuple(full_loc)]
  
      def delete(self, item):
          """
          Delete selected item (items if non-unique) in-place.
          """
          indexer = self.items.get_loc(item)
  
          is_deleted = np.zeros(self.shape[0], dtype=np.bool_)
          is_deleted[indexer] = True
          ref_loc_offset = -is_deleted.cumsum()
  
          is_blk_deleted = [False] * len(self.blocks)
  
          if isinstance(indexer, int):
              affected_start = indexer
          else:
              affected_start = is_deleted.nonzero()[0][0]
  
          for blkno, _ in _fast_count_smallints(self._blknos[affected_start:]):
              blk = self.blocks[blkno]
              bml = blk.mgr_locs
              blk_del = is_deleted[bml.indexer].nonzero()[0]
  
              if len(blk_del) == len(bml):
                  is_blk_deleted[blkno] = True
                  continue
              elif len(blk_del) != 0:
                  blk.delete(blk_del)
                  bml = blk.mgr_locs
  
              blk.mgr_locs = bml.add(ref_loc_offset[bml.indexer])
  
          # FIXME: use Index.delete as soon as it uses fastpath=True
          self.axes[0] = self.items[~is_deleted]
          self.blocks = tuple(b for blkno, b in enumerate(self.blocks)
                              if not is_blk_deleted[blkno])
          self._shape = None
          self._rebuild_blknos_and_blklocs()
  
      def set(self, item, value, check=False):
          """
          Set new item in-place. Does not consolidate. Adds new Block if not
          contained in the current set of items
          if check, then validate that we are not setting the same data in-place
          """
          # FIXME: refactor, clearly separate broadcasting & zip-like assignment
          #        can prob also fix the various if tests for sparse/categorical
  
          value_is_sparse = isinstance(value, SparseArray)
          value_is_cat = is_categorical(value)
          value_is_nonconsolidatable = value_is_sparse or value_is_cat
  
          if value_is_sparse:
              # sparse
              assert self.ndim == 2
  
              def value_getitem(placement):
                  return value
          elif value_is_cat:
              # categorical
              def value_getitem(placement):
                  return value
          else:
              if value.ndim == self.ndim - 1:
                  value = value.reshape((1,) + value.shape)
  
                  def value_getitem(placement):
                      return value
              else:
                  def value_getitem(placement):
                      return value[placement.indexer]
              if value.shape[1:] != self.shape[1:]:
                  raise AssertionError('Shape of new values must be compatible '
                                       'with manager shape')
  
          try:
              loc = self.items.get_loc(item)
          except KeyError:
              # This item wasn't present, just insert at end
              self.insert(len(self.items), item, value)
              return
  
          if isinstance(loc, int):
              loc = [loc]
  
          blknos = self._blknos[loc]
          blklocs = self._blklocs[loc].copy()
  
          unfit_mgr_locs = []
          unfit_val_locs = []
          removed_blknos = []
          for blkno, val_locs in _get_blkno_placements(blknos, len(self.blocks),
                                                       group=True):
              blk = self.blocks[blkno]
              blk_locs = blklocs[val_locs.indexer]
              if blk.should_store(value):
                  blk.set(blk_locs, value_getitem(val_locs), check=check)
              else:
                  unfit_mgr_locs.append(blk.mgr_locs.as_array[blk_locs])
                  unfit_val_locs.append(val_locs)
  
                  # If all block items are unfit, schedule the block for removal.
                  if len(val_locs) == len(blk.mgr_locs):
                      removed_blknos.append(blkno)
                  else:
                      self._blklocs[blk.mgr_locs.indexer] = -1
                      blk.delete(blk_locs)
                      self._blklocs[blk.mgr_locs.indexer] = np.arange(len(blk))
  
          if len(removed_blknos):
              # Remove blocks & update blknos accordingly
              is_deleted = np.zeros(self.nblocks, dtype=np.bool_)
              is_deleted[removed_blknos] = True
  
              new_blknos = np.empty(self.nblocks, dtype=np.int64)
              new_blknos.fill(-1)
              new_blknos[~is_deleted] = np.arange(self.nblocks -
                                                  len(removed_blknos))
              self._blknos = com.take_1d(new_blknos, self._blknos, axis=0,
                                         allow_fill=False)
              self.blocks = tuple(blk for i, blk in enumerate(self.blocks)
                                  if i not in set(removed_blknos))
  
          if unfit_val_locs:
              unfit_mgr_locs = np.concatenate(unfit_mgr_locs)
              unfit_count = len(unfit_mgr_locs)
  
              new_blocks = []
              if value_is_nonconsolidatable:
                  # This code (ab-)uses the fact that sparse blocks contain only
                  # one item.
                  new_blocks.extend(
                      make_block(values=value.copy(), ndim=self.ndim,
                                 placement=slice(mgr_loc, mgr_loc + 1))
                      for mgr_loc in unfit_mgr_locs)
  
                  self._blknos[unfit_mgr_locs] = (np.arange(unfit_count) +
                                                  len(self.blocks))
                  self._blklocs[unfit_mgr_locs] = 0
  
              else:
                  # unfit_val_locs contains BlockPlacement objects
                  unfit_val_items = unfit_val_locs[0].append(unfit_val_locs[1:])
  
                  new_blocks.append(
                      make_block(values=value_getitem(unfit_val_items),
                                 ndim=self.ndim, placement=unfit_mgr_locs))
  
                  self._blknos[unfit_mgr_locs] = len(self.blocks)
                  self._blklocs[unfit_mgr_locs] = np.arange(unfit_count)
  
              self.blocks += tuple(new_blocks)
  
              # Newly created block's dtype may already be present.
              self._known_consolidated = False
  
      def insert(self, loc, item, value, allow_duplicates=False):
          """
          Insert item at selected position.
  
          Parameters
          ----------
          loc : int
          item : hashable
          value : array_like
          allow_duplicates: bool
              If False, trying to insert non-unique item will raise
  
          """
          if not allow_duplicates and item in self.items:
              # Should this be a different kind of error??
              raise ValueError('cannot insert %s, already exists' % item)
  
          if not isinstance(loc, int):
              raise TypeError("loc must be int")
  
          block = make_block(values=value,
                             ndim=self.ndim,
                             placement=slice(loc, loc+1))
  
          for blkno, count in _fast_count_smallints(self._blknos[loc:]):
              blk = self.blocks[blkno]
              if count == len(blk.mgr_locs):
                  blk.mgr_locs = blk.mgr_locs.add(1)
              else:
                  new_mgr_locs = blk.mgr_locs.as_array.copy()
                  new_mgr_locs[new_mgr_locs >= loc] += 1
                  blk.mgr_locs = new_mgr_locs
  
          if loc == self._blklocs.shape[0]:
              # np.append is a lot faster (at least in numpy 1.7.1), let's use it
              # if we can.
              self._blklocs = np.append(self._blklocs, 0)
              self._blknos = np.append(self._blknos, len(self.blocks))
          else:
              self._blklocs = np.insert(self._blklocs, loc, 0)
              self._blknos = np.insert(self._blknos, loc, len(self.blocks))
  
          self.axes[0] = self.items.insert(loc, item)
  
          self.blocks += (block,)
          self._shape = None
  
          self._known_consolidated = False
  
          if len(self.blocks) > 100:
              self._consolidate_inplace()
  
      def reindex_axis(self, new_index, axis, method=None, limit=None,
                       fill_value=None, copy=True):
          """
          Conform block manager to new index.
          """
          new_index = _ensure_index(new_index)
          new_index, indexer = self.axes[axis].reindex(
              new_index, method=method, limit=limit)
  
          return self.reindex_indexer(new_index, indexer, axis=axis,
                                      fill_value=fill_value, copy=copy)
  
      def reindex_indexer(self, new_axis, indexer, axis, fill_value=None,
                          allow_dups=False, copy=True):
          """
          Parameters
          ----------
          new_axis : Index
          indexer : ndarray of int64 or None
          axis : int
          fill_value : object
          allow_dups : bool
  
          pandas-indexer with -1's only.
          """
          if indexer is None:
              if new_axis is self.axes[axis] and not copy:
                  return self
  
              result = self.copy(deep=copy)
              result.axes = list(self.axes)
              result.axes[axis] = new_axis
              return result
  
          self._consolidate_inplace()
  
          # some axes don't allow reindexing with dups
          if not allow_dups:
              self.axes[axis]._can_reindex(indexer)
  
          if axis >= self.ndim:
              raise IndexError("Requested axis not found in manager")
  
          if axis == 0:
              new_blocks = self._slice_take_blocks_ax0(
                  indexer, fill_tuple=(fill_value,))
          else:
              new_blocks = [blk.take_nd(indexer, axis=axis,
                                        fill_tuple=(fill_value if fill_value is not None else
                                                    blk.fill_value,))
                            for blk in self.blocks]
  
          new_axes = list(self.axes)
          new_axes[axis] = new_axis
          return self.__class__(new_blocks, new_axes)
  
      def _slice_take_blocks_ax0(self, slice_or_indexer, fill_tuple=None):
          """
          Slice/take blocks along axis=0.
  
          Overloaded for SingleBlock
  
          Returns
          -------
          new_blocks : list of Block
  
          """
  
          allow_fill = fill_tuple is not None
  
          sl_type, slobj, sllen = _preprocess_slice_or_indexer(
              slice_or_indexer, self.shape[0], allow_fill=allow_fill)
  
          if self._is_single_block:
              blk = self.blocks[0]
  
              if sl_type in ('slice', 'mask'):
                  return [blk.getitem_block(slobj,
                                            new_mgr_locs=slice(0, sllen))]
              elif not allow_fill or self.ndim == 1:
                  if allow_fill and fill_tuple[0] is None:
                      _, fill_value = com._maybe_promote(blk.dtype)
                      fill_tuple = (fill_value,)
  
                  return [blk.take_nd(slobj, axis=0,
                                      new_mgr_locs=slice(0, sllen),
                                      fill_tuple=fill_tuple)]
  
          if sl_type in ('slice', 'mask'):
              blknos = self._blknos[slobj]
              blklocs = self._blklocs[slobj]
          else:
              blknos = com.take_1d(self._blknos, slobj, fill_value=-1,
                                   allow_fill=allow_fill)
              blklocs = com.take_1d(self._blklocs, slobj, fill_value=-1,
                                    allow_fill=allow_fill)
  
          # When filling blknos, make sure blknos is updated before appending to
          # blocks list, that way new blkno is exactly len(blocks).
          #
          # FIXME: mgr_groupby_blknos must return mgr_locs in ascending order,
          # pytables serialization will break otherwise.
          blocks = []
          for blkno, mgr_locs in _get_blkno_placements(blknos, len(self.blocks),
                                                       group=True):
              if blkno == -1:
                  # If we've got here, fill_tuple was not None.
                  fill_value = fill_tuple[0]
  
                  blocks.append(self._make_na_block(
                      placement=mgr_locs, fill_value=fill_value))
              else:
                  blk = self.blocks[blkno]
  
                  # Otherwise, slicing along items axis is necessary.
                  if not blk._can_consolidate:
                      # A non-consolidatable block, it's easy, because there's only one item
                      # and each mgr loc is a copy of that single item.
                      for mgr_loc in mgr_locs:
                          newblk = blk.copy(deep=True)
                          newblk.mgr_locs = slice(mgr_loc, mgr_loc + 1)
                          blocks.append(newblk)
  
                  else:
                      blocks.append(blk.take_nd(
                          blklocs[mgr_locs.indexer], axis=0,
                          new_mgr_locs=mgr_locs, fill_tuple=None))
  
          return blocks
  
      def _make_na_block(self, placement, fill_value=None):
          # TODO: infer dtypes other than float64 from fill_value
  
          if fill_value is None:
              fill_value = np.nan
          block_shape = list(self.shape)
          block_shape[0] = len(placement)
  
          dtype, fill_value = com._infer_dtype_from_scalar(fill_value)
          block_values = np.empty(block_shape, dtype=dtype)
          block_values.fill(fill_value)
          return make_block(block_values, placement=placement)
  
      def take(self, indexer, axis=1, verify=True, convert=True):
          """
          Take items along any axis.
          """
          self._consolidate_inplace()
          indexer = np.arange(indexer.start, indexer.stop, indexer.step,
                              dtype='int64') if isinstance(indexer, slice) \
                                      else np.asanyarray(indexer, dtype='int64')
  
          n = self.shape[axis]
          if convert:
              indexer = maybe_convert_indices(indexer, n)
  
          if verify:
              if ((indexer == -1) | (indexer >= n)).any():
                  raise Exception('Indices must be nonzero and less than '
                                  'the axis length')
  
          new_labels = self.axes[axis].take(indexer)
          return self.reindex_indexer(new_axis=new_labels, indexer=indexer,
                                      axis=axis, allow_dups=True)
  
      def merge(self, other, lsuffix='', rsuffix=''):
          if not self._is_indexed_like(other):
              raise AssertionError('Must have same axes to merge managers')
  
          l, r = items_overlap_with_suffix(left=self.items, lsuffix=lsuffix,
                                           right=other.items, rsuffix=rsuffix)
          new_items = _concat_indexes([l, r])
  
          new_blocks = [blk.copy(deep=False)
                        for blk in self.blocks]
  
          offset = self.shape[0]
          for blk in other.blocks:
              blk = blk.copy(deep=False)
              blk.mgr_locs = blk.mgr_locs.add(offset)
              new_blocks.append(blk)
  
          new_axes = list(self.axes)
          new_axes[0] = new_items
  
          return self.__class__(_consolidate(new_blocks), new_axes)
  
      def _is_indexed_like(self, other):
          """
          Check all axes except items
          """
          if self.ndim != other.ndim:
              raise AssertionError(('Number of dimensions must agree '
                                    'got %d and %d') % (self.ndim, other.ndim))
          for ax, oax in zip(self.axes[1:], other.axes[1:]):
              if not ax.equals(oax):
                  return False
          return True
  
      def equals(self, other):
          self_axes, other_axes = self.axes, other.axes
          if len(self_axes) != len(other_axes):
              return False
          if not all (ax1.equals(ax2) for ax1, ax2 in zip(self_axes, other_axes)):
              return False
          self._consolidate_inplace()
          other._consolidate_inplace()
          if len(self.blocks) != len(other.blocks):
              return False
  
          # canonicalize block order, using a tuple combining the type
          # name and then mgr_locs because there might be unconsolidated
          # blocks (say, Categorical) which can only be distinguished by
          # the iteration order
          def canonicalize(block):
              return (block.dtype.name, block.mgr_locs.as_array.tolist())
  
          self_blocks = sorted(self.blocks, key=canonicalize)
          other_blocks = sorted(other.blocks, key=canonicalize)
          return all(block.equals(oblock) for block, oblock in
                     zip(self_blocks, other_blocks))
  
  
  class SingleBlockManager(BlockManager):
      """ manage a single block with """
  
      ndim = 1
      _is_consolidated = True
      _known_consolidated = True
      __slots__ = ()
  
      def __init__(self, block, axis, do_integrity_check=False, fastpath=False):
  
          if isinstance(axis, list):
              if len(axis) != 1:
                  raise ValueError(
                      "cannot create SingleBlockManager with more than 1 axis")
              axis = axis[0]
  
          # passed from constructor, single block, single axis
          if fastpath:
              self.axes = [axis]
              if isinstance(block, list):
  
                  # empty block
                  if len(block) == 0:
                      block = [np.array([])]
                  elif len(block) != 1:
                      raise ValueError('Cannot create SingleBlockManager with '
                                       'more than 1 block')
                  block = block[0]
          else:
              self.axes = [_ensure_index(axis)]
  
              # create the block here
              if isinstance(block, list):
  
                  # provide consolidation to the interleaved_dtype
                  if len(block) > 1:
                      dtype = _interleaved_dtype(block)
                      block = [b.astype(dtype) for b in block]
                      block = _consolidate(block)
  
                  if len(block) != 1:
                      raise ValueError('Cannot create SingleBlockManager with '
                                       'more than 1 block')
                  block = block[0]
  
          if not isinstance(block, Block):
              block = make_block(block,
                                 placement=slice(0, len(axis)),
                                 ndim=1, fastpath=True)
  
          self.blocks = [block]
  
      def _post_setstate(self):
          pass
  
      @property
      def _block(self):
          return self.blocks[0]
  
      @property
      def _values(self):
          return self._block.values
  
      def reindex(self, new_axis, indexer=None, method=None, fill_value=None,
                  limit=None, copy=True):
          # if we are the same and don't copy, just return
          if self.index.equals(new_axis):
              if copy:
                  return self.copy(deep=True)
              else:
                  return self
  
          values = self._block.get_values()
  
          if indexer is None:
              indexer = self.items.get_indexer_for(new_axis)
  
          if fill_value is None:
              # FIXME: is fill_value used correctly in sparse blocks?
              if not self._block.is_sparse:
                  fill_value = self._block.fill_value
              else:
                  fill_value = np.nan
  
          new_values = com.take_1d(values, indexer,
                                   fill_value=fill_value)
  
          # fill if needed
          if method is not None or limit is not None:
              new_values = com.interpolate_2d(new_values, method=method,
                                              limit=limit, fill_value=fill_value)
  
          if self._block.is_sparse:
              make_block = self._block.make_block_same_class
  
          block = make_block(new_values, copy=copy,
                             placement=slice(0, len(new_axis)))
  
          mgr = SingleBlockManager(block, new_axis)
          mgr._consolidate_inplace()
          return mgr
  
      def get_slice(self, slobj, axis=0):
          if axis >= self.ndim:
              raise IndexError("Requested axis not found in manager")
  
          return self.__class__(self._block._slice(slobj),
                                self.index[slobj], fastpath=True)
  
      @property
      def index(self):
          return self.axes[0]
  
      def convert(self, **kwargs):
          """ convert the whole block as one """
          kwargs['by_item'] = False
          return self.apply('convert', **kwargs)
  
      @property
      def dtype(self):
          return self._values.dtype
  
      @property
      def array_dtype(self):
          return self._block.array_dtype
  
      @property
      def ftype(self):
          return self._block.ftype
  
      def get_dtype_counts(self):
          return {self.dtype.name: 1}
  
      def get_ftype_counts(self):
          return {self.ftype: 1}
  
      def get_dtypes(self):
          return np.array([self._block.dtype])
  
      def get_ftypes(self):
          return np.array([self._block.ftype])
  
      @property
      def values(self):
          return self._values.view()
  
      def get_values(self):
          """ return a dense type view """
          return np.array(self._block.to_dense(),copy=False)
  
      @property
      def itemsize(self):
          return self._values.itemsize
  
      @property
      def _can_hold_na(self):
          return self._block._can_hold_na
  
      def is_consolidated(self):
          return True
  
      def _consolidate_check(self):
          pass
  
      def _consolidate_inplace(self):
          pass
  
      def delete(self, item):
          """
          Delete single item from SingleBlockManager.
  
          Ensures that self.blocks doesn't become empty.
          """
          loc = self.items.get_loc(item)
          self._block.delete(loc)
          self.axes[0] = self.axes[0].delete(loc)
  
      def fast_xs(self, loc):
          """
          fast path for getting a cross-section
          return a view of the data
          """
          return self._block.values[loc]
  
  
  def construction_error(tot_items, block_shape, axes, e=None):
      """ raise a helpful message about our construction """
      passed = tuple(map(int, [tot_items] + list(block_shape)))
      implied = tuple(map(int, [len(ax) for ax in axes]))
      if passed == implied and e is not None:
          raise e
      raise ValueError("Shape of passed values is {0}, indices imply {1}".format(
          passed,implied))
  
  
  def create_block_manager_from_blocks(blocks, axes):
      try:
          if len(blocks) == 1 and not isinstance(blocks[0], Block):
              # if blocks[0] is of length 0, return empty blocks
              if not len(blocks[0]):
                  blocks = []
              else:
                  # It's OK if a single block is passed as values, its placement is
                  # basically "all items", but if there're many, don't bother
                  # converting, it's an error anyway.
                  blocks = [make_block(values=blocks[0],
                                       placement=slice(0, len(axes[0])))]
  
          mgr = BlockManager(blocks, axes)
          mgr._consolidate_inplace()
          return mgr
  
      except (ValueError) as e:
          blocks = [getattr(b, 'values', b) for b in blocks]
          tot_items = sum(b.shape[0] for b in blocks)
          construction_error(tot_items, blocks[0].shape[1:], axes, e)
  
  
  def create_block_manager_from_arrays(arrays, names, axes):
      try:
          blocks = form_blocks(arrays, names, axes)
          mgr = BlockManager(blocks, axes)
          mgr._consolidate_inplace()
          return mgr
      except (ValueError) as e:
          construction_error(len(arrays), arrays[0].shape, axes, e)
  
  
  def form_blocks(arrays, names, axes):
      # put "leftover" items in float bucket, where else?
      # generalize?
      float_items = []
      complex_items = []
      int_items = []
      bool_items = []
      object_items = []
      sparse_items = []
      datetime_items = []
      cat_items = []
      extra_locs = []
  
      names_idx = Index(names)
      if names_idx.equals(axes[0]):
          names_indexer = np.arange(len(names_idx))
      else:
          assert names_idx.intersection(axes[0]).is_unique
          names_indexer = names_idx.get_indexer_for(axes[0])
  
      for i, name_idx in enumerate(names_indexer):
          if name_idx == -1:
              extra_locs.append(i)
              continue
  
          k = names[name_idx]
          v = arrays[name_idx]
  
          if isinstance(v, (SparseArray, ABCSparseSeries)):
              sparse_items.append((i, k, v))
          elif issubclass(v.dtype.type, np.floating):
              float_items.append((i, k, v))
          elif issubclass(v.dtype.type, np.complexfloating):
              complex_items.append((i, k, v))
          elif issubclass(v.dtype.type, np.datetime64):
              if v.dtype != _NS_DTYPE:
                  v = tslib.cast_to_nanoseconds(v)
  
              if hasattr(v, 'tz') and v.tz is not None:
                  object_items.append((i, k, v))
              else:
                  datetime_items.append((i, k, v))
          elif issubclass(v.dtype.type, np.integer):
              if v.dtype == np.uint64:
                  # HACK #2355 definite overflow
                  if (v > 2 ** 63 - 1).any():
                      object_items.append((i, k, v))
                      continue
              int_items.append((i, k, v))
          elif v.dtype == np.bool_:
              bool_items.append((i, k, v))
          elif is_categorical(v):
              cat_items.append((i, k, v))
          else:
              object_items.append((i, k, v))
  
      blocks = []
      if len(float_items):
          float_blocks = _multi_blockify(float_items)
          blocks.extend(float_blocks)
  
      if len(complex_items):
          complex_blocks = _simple_blockify(
              complex_items, np.complex128)
          blocks.extend(complex_blocks)
  
      if len(int_items):
          int_blocks = _multi_blockify(int_items)
          blocks.extend(int_blocks)
  
      if len(datetime_items):
          datetime_blocks = _simple_blockify(
              datetime_items, _NS_DTYPE)
          blocks.extend(datetime_blocks)
  
      if len(bool_items):
          bool_blocks = _simple_blockify(
              bool_items, np.bool_)
          blocks.extend(bool_blocks)
  
      if len(object_items) > 0:
          object_blocks = _simple_blockify(
              object_items, np.object_)
          blocks.extend(object_blocks)
  
      if len(sparse_items) > 0:
          sparse_blocks = _sparse_blockify(sparse_items)
          blocks.extend(sparse_blocks)
  
      if len(cat_items) > 0:
          cat_blocks = [ make_block(array,
                                    klass=CategoricalBlock,
                                    fastpath=True,
                                    placement=[i]
                                    ) for i, names, array in cat_items ]
          blocks.extend(cat_blocks)
  
      if len(extra_locs):
          shape = (len(extra_locs),) + tuple(len(x) for x in axes[1:])
  
          # empty items -> dtype object
          block_values = np.empty(shape, dtype=object)
          block_values.fill(np.nan)
  
          na_block = make_block(block_values, placement=extra_locs)
          blocks.append(na_block)
  
      return blocks
  
  
  def _simple_blockify(tuples, dtype):
      """ return a single array of a block that has a single dtype; if dtype is
      not None, coerce to this dtype
      """
      values, placement = _stack_arrays(tuples, dtype)
  
      # CHECK DTYPE?
      if dtype is not None and values.dtype != dtype:  # pragma: no cover
          values = values.astype(dtype)
  
      block = make_block(values, placement=placement)
      return [block]
  
  
  def _multi_blockify(tuples, dtype=None):
      """ return an array of blocks that potentially have different dtypes """
  
      # group by dtype
      grouper = itertools.groupby(tuples, lambda x: x[2].dtype)
  
      new_blocks = []
      for dtype, tup_block in grouper:
  
          values, placement = _stack_arrays(
              list(tup_block), dtype)
  
          block = make_block(values, placement=placement)
          new_blocks.append(block)
  
      return new_blocks
  
  
  def _sparse_blockify(tuples, dtype=None):
      """ return an array of blocks that potentially have different dtypes (and
      are sparse)
      """
  
      new_blocks = []
      for i, names, array in tuples:
          array = _maybe_to_sparse(array)
          block = make_block(
              array, klass=SparseBlock, fastpath=True,
              placement=[i])
          new_blocks.append(block)
  
      return new_blocks
  
  
  def _stack_arrays(tuples, dtype):
  
      # fml
      def _asarray_compat(x):
          if isinstance(x, ABCSeries):
              return x.values
          else:
              return np.asarray(x)
  
      def _shape_compat(x):
          if isinstance(x, ABCSeries):
              return len(x),
          else:
              return x.shape
  
      placement, names, arrays = zip(*tuples)
  
      first = arrays[0]
      shape = (len(arrays),) + _shape_compat(first)
  
      stacked = np.empty(shape, dtype=dtype)
      for i, arr in enumerate(arrays):
          stacked[i] = _asarray_compat(arr)
  
      return stacked, placement
  
  
  def _interleaved_dtype(blocks):
      if not len(blocks):
          return None
  
      counts = defaultdict(lambda: [])
      for x in blocks:
          counts[type(x)].append(x)
  
      def _lcd_dtype(l):
          """ find the lowest dtype that can accomodate the given types """
          m = l[0].dtype
          for x in l[1:]:
              if x.dtype.itemsize > m.itemsize:
                  m = x.dtype
          return m
  
      have_int = len(counts[IntBlock]) > 0
      have_bool = len(counts[BoolBlock]) > 0
      have_object = len(counts[ObjectBlock]) > 0
      have_float = len(counts[FloatBlock]) > 0
      have_complex = len(counts[ComplexBlock]) > 0
      have_dt64 = len(counts[DatetimeBlock]) > 0
      have_td64 = len(counts[TimeDeltaBlock]) > 0
      have_cat = len(counts[CategoricalBlock]) > 0
      have_sparse = len(counts[SparseBlock]) > 0
      have_numeric = have_float or have_complex or have_int
  
      has_non_numeric = have_dt64 or have_td64 or have_cat
  
      if (have_object or
          (have_bool and (have_numeric or have_dt64 or have_td64)) or
          (have_numeric and has_non_numeric) or
          have_cat or
          have_dt64 or
          have_td64):
          return np.dtype(object)
      elif have_bool:
          return np.dtype(bool)
      elif have_int and not have_float and not have_complex:
  
          # if we are mixing unsigned and signed, then return
          # the next biggest int type (if we can)
          lcd = _lcd_dtype(counts[IntBlock])
          kinds = set([i.dtype.kind for i in counts[IntBlock]])
          if len(kinds) == 1:
              return lcd
  
          if lcd == 'uint64' or lcd == 'int64':
              return np.dtype('int64')
  
          # return 1 bigger on the itemsize if unsinged
          if lcd.kind == 'u':
              return np.dtype('int%s' % (lcd.itemsize * 8 * 2))
          return lcd
  
      elif have_complex:
          return np.dtype('c16')
      else:
          return _lcd_dtype(counts[FloatBlock] + counts[SparseBlock])
  
  
  def _consolidate(blocks):
      """
      Merge blocks having same dtype, exclude non-consolidating blocks
      """
  
      # sort by _can_consolidate, dtype
      gkey = lambda x: x._consolidate_key
      grouper = itertools.groupby(sorted(blocks, key=gkey), gkey)
  
      new_blocks = []
      for (_can_consolidate, dtype), group_blocks in grouper:
          merged_blocks = _merge_blocks(list(group_blocks), dtype=dtype,
                                        _can_consolidate=_can_consolidate)
          if isinstance(merged_blocks, list):
              new_blocks.extend(merged_blocks)
          else:
              new_blocks.append(merged_blocks)
  
      return new_blocks
  
  
  def _merge_blocks(blocks, dtype=None, _can_consolidate=True):
      if len(blocks) == 1:
          return blocks[0]
  
      if _can_consolidate:
  
          if dtype is None:
              if len(set([b.dtype for b in blocks])) != 1:
                  raise AssertionError("_merge_blocks are invalid!")
              dtype = blocks[0].dtype
  
          # FIXME: optimization potential in case all mgrs contain slices and
          # combination of those slices is a slice, too.
          new_mgr_locs = np.concatenate([b.mgr_locs.as_array for b in blocks])
          new_values = _vstack([b.values for b in blocks], dtype)
  
          argsort = np.argsort(new_mgr_locs)
          new_values = new_values[argsort]
          new_mgr_locs = new_mgr_locs[argsort]
  
          return make_block(new_values,
                            fastpath=True, placement=new_mgr_locs)
  
      # no merge
      return blocks
  
  
  def _block_shape(values, ndim=1, shape=None):
      """ guarantee the shape of the values to be at least 1 d """
      if values.ndim <= ndim:
          if shape is None:
              shape = values.shape
          values = values.reshape(tuple((1,) + shape))
      return values
  
  
  def _vstack(to_stack, dtype):
  
      # work around NumPy 1.6 bug
      if dtype == _NS_DTYPE or dtype == _TD_DTYPE:
          new_values = np.vstack([x.view('i8') for x in to_stack])
          return new_values.view(dtype)
  
      else:
          return np.vstack(to_stack)
  
  
  def _possibly_compare(a, b, op):
      res = op(a, b)
      is_a_array = isinstance(a, np.ndarray)
      is_b_array = isinstance(b, np.ndarray)
      if np.isscalar(res) and (is_a_array or is_b_array):
          type_names = [type(a).__name__, type(b).__name__]
  
          if is_a_array:
              type_names[0] = 'ndarray(dtype=%s)' % a.dtype
  
          if is_b_array:
              type_names[1] = 'ndarray(dtype=%s)' % b.dtype
  
          raise TypeError("Cannot compare types %r and %r" % tuple(type_names))
      return res
  
  
  def _concat_indexes(indexes):
      return indexes[0].append(indexes[1:])
  
  
  def _block2d_to_blocknd(values, placement, shape, labels, ref_items):
      """ pivot to the labels shape """
      from pandas.core.internals import make_block
  
      panel_shape = (len(placement),) + shape
  
      # TODO: lexsort depth needs to be 2!!
  
      # Create observation selection vector using major and minor
      # labels, for converting to panel format.
      selector = _factor_indexer(shape[1:], labels)
      mask = np.zeros(np.prod(shape), dtype=bool)
      mask.put(selector, True)
  
      if mask.all():
          pvalues = np.empty(panel_shape, dtype=values.dtype)
      else:
          dtype, fill_value = _maybe_promote(values.dtype)
          pvalues = np.empty(panel_shape, dtype=dtype)
          pvalues.fill(fill_value)
  
      values = values
      for i in range(len(placement)):
          pvalues[i].flat[mask] = values[:, i]
  
      return make_block(pvalues, placement=placement)
  
  
  def _factor_indexer(shape, labels):
      """
      given a tuple of shape and a list of Categorical labels, return the
      expanded label indexer
      """
      mult = np.array(shape)[::-1].cumprod()[::-1]
      return com._ensure_platform_int(
          np.sum(np.array(labels).T * np.append(mult, [1]), axis=1).T)
  
  def _get_blkno_placements(blknos, blk_count, group=True):
      """
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      blknos : array of int64
      blk_count : int
      group : bool
  
      Returns
      -------
      iterator
          yield (BlockPlacement, blkno)
  
      """
  
      blknos = com._ensure_int64(blknos)
  
      # FIXME: blk_count is unused, but it may avoid the use of dicts in cython
      for blkno, indexer in lib.get_blkno_indexers(blknos, group):
          yield blkno, BlockPlacement(indexer)
  
  
  def items_overlap_with_suffix(left, lsuffix, right, rsuffix):
      """
      If two indices overlap, add suffixes to overlapping entries.
  
      If corresponding suffix is empty, the entry is simply converted to string.
  
      """
      to_rename = left.intersection(right)
      if len(to_rename) == 0:
          return left, right
      else:
          if not lsuffix and not rsuffix:
              raise ValueError('columns overlap but no suffix specified: %s' %
                               to_rename)
  
          def lrenamer(x):
              if x in to_rename:
                  return '%s%s' % (x, lsuffix)
              return x
  
          def rrenamer(x):
              if x in to_rename:
                  return '%s%s' % (x, rsuffix)
              return x
  
          return (_transform_index(left, lrenamer),
                  _transform_index(right, rrenamer))
  
  
  def _transform_index(index, func):
      """
      Apply function to all values found in index.
  
      This includes transforming multiindex entries separately.
  
      """
      if isinstance(index, MultiIndex):
          items = [tuple(func(y) for y in x) for x in index]
          return MultiIndex.from_tuples(items, names=index.names)
      else:
          items = [func(x) for x in index]
          return Index(items, name=index.name)
  
  
  def _putmask_smart(v, m, n):
      """
      Return a new block, try to preserve dtype if possible.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      v : `values`, updated in-place (array like)
      m : `mask`, applies to both sides (array like)
      n : `new values` either scalar or an array like aligned with `values`
      """
  
      # n should be the length of the mask or a scalar here
      if not is_list_like(n):
          n = np.array([n] * len(m))
      elif isinstance(n, np.ndarray) and n.ndim == 0: # numpy scalar
          n = np.repeat(np.array(n, ndmin=1), len(m))
  
      # see if we are only masking values that if putted
      # will work in the current dtype
      try:
          nn = n[m]
          nn_at = nn.astype(v.dtype)
          comp = (nn == nn_at)
          if is_list_like(comp) and comp.all():
              nv = v.copy()
              nv[m] = nn_at
              return nv
      except (ValueError, IndexError, TypeError):
          pass
  
      # change the dtype
      dtype, _ = com._maybe_promote(n.dtype)
      nv = v.astype(dtype)
      try:
          nv[m] = n[m]
      except ValueError:
          idx, = np.where(np.squeeze(m))
          for mask_index, new_val in zip(idx, n[m]):
              nv[mask_index] = new_val
      return nv
  
  
  def concatenate_block_managers(mgrs_indexers, axes, concat_axis, copy):
      """
      Concatenate block managers into one.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      mgrs_indexers : list of (BlockManager, {axis: indexer,...}) tuples
      axes : list of Index
      concat_axis : int
      copy : bool
  
      """
      concat_plan = combine_concat_plans([get_mgr_concatenation_plan(mgr, indexers)
                                          for mgr, indexers in mgrs_indexers],
                                         concat_axis)
  
      blocks = [make_block(concatenate_join_units(join_units, concat_axis,
                                                  copy=copy),
                           placement=placement)
                for placement, join_units in concat_plan]
  
      return BlockManager(blocks, axes)
  
  
  def get_empty_dtype_and_na(join_units):
      """
      Return dtype and N/A values to use when concatenating specified units.
  
      Returned N/A value may be None which means there was no casting involved.
  
      Returns
      -------
      dtype
      na
      """
  
      if len(join_units) == 1:
          blk = join_units[0].block
          if blk is None:
              return np.float64, np.nan
  
      has_none_blocks = False
      dtypes = [None] * len(join_units)
      for i, unit in enumerate(join_units):
          if unit.block is None:
              has_none_blocks = True
          else:
              dtypes[i] = unit.dtype
  
      # dtypes = set()
      upcast_classes = set()
      null_upcast_classes = set()
      for dtype, unit in zip(dtypes, join_units):
          if dtype is None:
              continue
  
          if com.is_categorical_dtype(dtype):
              upcast_cls = 'category'
          elif issubclass(dtype.type, np.bool_):
              upcast_cls = 'bool'
          elif issubclass(dtype.type, np.object_):
              upcast_cls = 'object'
          elif is_datetime64_dtype(dtype):
              upcast_cls = 'datetime'
          elif is_timedelta64_dtype(dtype):
              upcast_cls = 'timedelta'
          else:
              upcast_cls = 'float'
  
          # Null blocks should not influence upcast class selection, unless there
          # are only null blocks, when same upcasting rules must be applied to
          # null upcast classes.
          if unit.is_null:
              null_upcast_classes.add(upcast_cls)
          else:
              upcast_classes.add(upcast_cls)
  
      if not upcast_classes:
          upcast_classes = null_upcast_classes
  
      # create the result
      if 'object' in upcast_classes:
          return np.dtype(np.object_), np.nan
      elif 'bool' in upcast_classes:
          if has_none_blocks:
              return np.dtype(np.object_), np.nan
          else:
              return np.dtype(np.bool_), None
      elif 'category' in upcast_classes:
          return com.CategoricalDtype(), np.nan
      elif 'float' in upcast_classes:
          return np.dtype(np.float64), np.nan
      elif 'datetime' in upcast_classes:
          return np.dtype('M8[ns]'), tslib.iNaT
      elif 'timedelta' in upcast_classes:
          return np.dtype('m8[ns]'), tslib.iNaT
      else:  # pragma
          raise AssertionError("invalid dtype determination in get_concat_dtype")
  
  
  def concatenate_join_units(join_units, concat_axis, copy):
      """
      Concatenate values from several join units along selected axis.
      """
      if concat_axis == 0 and len(join_units) > 1:
          # Concatenating join units along ax0 is handled in _merge_blocks.
          raise AssertionError("Concatenating join units along axis0")
  
      empty_dtype, upcasted_na = get_empty_dtype_and_na(join_units)
  
      to_concat = [ju.get_reindexed_values(empty_dtype=empty_dtype,
                                           upcasted_na=upcasted_na)
                   for ju in join_units]
  
      if len(to_concat) == 1:
          # Only one block, nothing to concatenate.
          concat_values = to_concat[0]
          if copy and concat_values.base is not None:
              concat_values = concat_values.copy()
      else:
          concat_values = com._concat_compat(to_concat, axis=concat_axis)
  
      return concat_values
  
  def get_mgr_concatenation_plan(mgr, indexers):
      """
      Construct concatenation plan for given block manager and indexers.
  
      Parameters
      ----------
      mgr : BlockManager
      indexers : dict of {axis: indexer}
  
      Returns
      -------
      plan : list of (BlockPlacement, JoinUnit) tuples
  
      """
      # Calculate post-reindex shape , save for item axis which will be separate
      # for each block anyway.
      mgr_shape = list(mgr.shape)
      for ax, indexer in indexers.items():
          mgr_shape[ax] = len(indexer)
      mgr_shape = tuple(mgr_shape)
  
      if 0 in indexers:
          ax0_indexer = indexers.pop(0)
          blknos = com.take_1d(mgr._blknos, ax0_indexer, fill_value=-1)
          blklocs = com.take_1d(mgr._blklocs, ax0_indexer, fill_value=-1)
      else:
  
          if mgr._is_single_block:
              blk = mgr.blocks[0]
              return [(blk.mgr_locs, JoinUnit(blk, mgr_shape, indexers))]
  
          ax0_indexer = None
          blknos = mgr._blknos
          blklocs = mgr._blklocs
  
      plan = []
      for blkno, placements in _get_blkno_placements(blknos, len(mgr.blocks),
                                                     group=False):
  
          assert placements.is_slice_like
  
          join_unit_indexers = indexers.copy()
  
          shape = list(mgr_shape)
          shape[0] = len(placements)
          shape = tuple(shape)
  
          if blkno == -1:
              unit = JoinUnit(None, shape)
          else:
              blk = mgr.blocks[blkno]
              ax0_blk_indexer = blklocs[placements.indexer]
  
              unit_no_ax0_reindexing = (
                  len(placements) == len(blk.mgr_locs) and
                  # Fastpath detection of join unit not needing to reindex its
                  # block: no ax0 reindexing took place and block placement was
                  # sequential before.
                  ((ax0_indexer is None
                    and blk.mgr_locs.is_slice_like
                    and blk.mgr_locs.as_slice.step == 1) or
                   # Slow-ish detection: all indexer locs are sequential (and
                   # length match is checked above).
                   (np.diff(ax0_blk_indexer) == 1).all()))
  
              # Omit indexer if no item reindexing is required.
              if unit_no_ax0_reindexing:
                  join_unit_indexers.pop(0, None)
              else:
                  join_unit_indexers[0] = ax0_blk_indexer
  
              unit = JoinUnit(blk, shape, join_unit_indexers)
  
          plan.append((placements, unit))
  
      return plan
  
  
  def combine_concat_plans(plans, concat_axis):
      """
      Combine multiple concatenation plans into one.
  
      existing_plan is updated in-place.
      """
      if len(plans) == 1:
          for p in plans[0]:
              yield p[0], [p[1]]
  
      elif concat_axis == 0:
          offset = 0
          for plan in plans:
              last_plc = None
  
              for plc, unit in plan:
                  yield plc.add(offset), [unit]
                  last_plc = plc
  
              if last_plc is not None:
                  offset += last_plc.as_slice.stop
  
      else:
          num_ended = [0]
          def _next_or_none(seq):
              retval = next(seq, None)
              if retval is None:
                  num_ended[0] += 1
              return retval
  
          plans = list(map(iter, plans))
          next_items = list(map(_next_or_none, plans))
  
          while num_ended[0] != len(next_items):
              if num_ended[0] > 0:
                  raise ValueError("Plan shapes are not aligned")
  
              placements, units = zip(*next_items)
  
              lengths = list(map(len, placements))
              min_len, max_len = min(lengths), max(lengths)
  
              if min_len == max_len:
                  yield placements[0], units
                  next_items[:] = map(_next_or_none, plans)
              else:
                  yielded_placement = None
                  yielded_units = [None] * len(next_items)
                  for i, (plc, unit) in enumerate(next_items):
                      yielded_units[i] = unit
                      if len(plc) > min_len:
                          # trim_join_unit updates unit in place, so only
                          # placement needs to be sliced to skip min_len.
                          next_items[i] = (plc[min_len:],
                                           trim_join_unit(unit, min_len))
                      else:
                          yielded_placement = plc
                          next_items[i] = _next_or_none(plans[i])
  
                  yield yielded_placement, yielded_units
  
  
  def trim_join_unit(join_unit, length):
      """
      Reduce join_unit's shape along item axis to length.
  
      Extra items that didn't fit are returned as a separate block.
      """
  
      if 0 not in join_unit.indexers:
          extra_indexers = join_unit.indexers
  
          if join_unit.block is None:
              extra_block = None
          else:
              extra_block = join_unit.block.getitem_block(slice(length, None))
              join_unit.block = join_unit.block.getitem_block(slice(length))
      else:
          extra_block = join_unit.block
  
          extra_indexers = copy.copy(join_unit.indexers)
          extra_indexers[0] = extra_indexers[0][length:]
          join_unit.indexers[0] = join_unit.indexers[0][:length]
  
      extra_shape = (join_unit.shape[0] - length,) + join_unit.shape[1:]
      join_unit.shape = (length,) + join_unit.shape[1:]
  
      return JoinUnit(block=extra_block, indexers=extra_indexers,
                      shape=extra_shape)
  
  
  class JoinUnit(object):
      def __init__(self, block, shape, indexers={}):
          # Passing shape explicitly is required for cases when block is None.
          self.block = block
          self.indexers = indexers
          self.shape = shape
  
      def __repr__(self):
          return '%s(%r, %s)' % (self.__class__.__name__,
                                 self.block, self.indexers)
  
      @cache_readonly
      def needs_filling(self):
          for indexer in self.indexers.values():
              # FIXME: cache results of indexer == -1 checks.
              if (indexer == -1).any():
                  return True
  
          return False
  
      @cache_readonly
      def dtype(self):
          if self.block is None:
              raise AssertionError("Block is None, no dtype")
  
          if not self.needs_filling:
              return self.block.dtype
          else:
              return com._get_dtype(com._maybe_promote(self.block.dtype,
                                                       self.block.fill_value)[0])
  
          return self._dtype
  
      @cache_readonly
      def is_null(self):
          if self.block is None:
              return True
  
          if not self.block._can_hold_na:
              return False
  
          # Usually it's enough to check but a small fraction of values to see if
          # a block is NOT null, chunks should help in such cases.  1000 value
          # was chosen rather arbitrarily.
          values_flat = self.block.values.ravel()
          total_len = values_flat.shape[0]
          chunk_len = max(total_len // 40, 1000)
          for i in range(0, total_len, chunk_len):
              if not isnull(values_flat[i: i + chunk_len]).all():
                  return False
  
          return True
  
      @cache_readonly
      def needs_block_conversion(self):
          """ we might need to convert the joined values to a suitable block repr """
          block = self.block
          return block is not None and (block.is_sparse or block.is_categorical)
  
      def get_reindexed_values(self, empty_dtype, upcasted_na):
          if upcasted_na is None:
              # No upcasting is necessary
              fill_value = self.block.fill_value
              values = self.block.get_values()
          else:
              fill_value = upcasted_na
  
              if self.is_null and not getattr(self.block,'is_categorical',None):
                  missing_arr = np.empty(self.shape, dtype=empty_dtype)
                  if np.prod(self.shape):
                      # NumPy 1.6 workaround: this statement gets strange if all
                      # blocks are of same dtype and some of them are empty:
                      # empty one are considered "null" so they must be filled,
                      # but no dtype upcasting happens and the dtype may not
                      # allow NaNs.
                      #
                      # In general, no one should get hurt when one tries to put
                      # incorrect values into empty array, but numpy 1.6 is
                      # strict about that.
                      missing_arr.fill(fill_value)
                  return missing_arr
  
              if not self.indexers:
                  if self.block.is_categorical:
                      # preserve the categoricals for validation in _concat_compat
                      return self.block.values
                  elif self.block.is_sparse:
                      # preserve the sparse array for validation in _concat_compat
                      return self.block.values
  
              if self.block.is_bool:
                  # External code requested filling/upcasting, bool values must
                  # be upcasted to object to avoid being upcasted to numeric.
                  values = self.block.astype(np.object_).values
              else:
                  # No dtype upcasting is done here, it will be performed during
                  # concatenation itself.
                  values = self.block.get_values()
  
          if not self.indexers:
              # If there's no indexing to be done, we want to signal outside
              # code that this array must be copied explicitly.  This is done
              # by returning a view and checking `retval.base`.
              values = values.view()
  
          else:
              for ax, indexer in self.indexers.items():
                  values = com.take_nd(values, indexer, axis=ax,
                                       fill_value=fill_value)
  
          return values
  
  
  def _fast_count_smallints(arr):
      """Faster version of set(arr) for sequences of small numbers."""
      if len(arr) == 0:
          # Handle empty arr case separately: numpy 1.6 chokes on that.
          return np.empty((0, 2), dtype=arr.dtype)
      else:
          counts = np.bincount(arr.astype(np.int_))
          nz = counts.nonzero()[0]
          return np.c_[nz, counts[nz]]
  
  
  def _preprocess_slice_or_indexer(slice_or_indexer, length, allow_fill):
      if isinstance(slice_or_indexer, slice):
          return 'slice', slice_or_indexer, lib.slice_len(slice_or_indexer,
                                                          length)
      elif (isinstance(slice_or_indexer, np.ndarray) and
            slice_or_indexer.dtype == np.bool_):
          return 'mask', slice_or_indexer, slice_or_indexer.sum()
      else:
          indexer = np.asanyarray(slice_or_indexer, dtype=np.int64)
          if not allow_fill:
              indexer = maybe_convert_indices(indexer, length)
          return 'fancy', indexer, len(indexer)
  