German submarine U-753
Introduction '''German submarine ''U-753''''' was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' for service during World War II. Commissioned on 18 June 1941, she served with 3rd U-boat Flotilla until 30 November as a training boat, and as a front boat until 13 May 1943 under the command of ''Fregattenkapitän'' Alfred Manhardt von Mannstein.
Design German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ''U-753'' had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . ''U-753'' was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a  C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.
Service history On her sixty-five-day fourth Patrol, ''U-753'' sank two vessels and damaging a further two in the West Indies. Her first victim was twenty-eight days into her voyage, an American merchant vessel, the ''George Calvert'' on 20 May 1942. ''George Calvert'' was destroyed by three torpedoes off the coast of Cuba, killing three of her fifty-one man crew.Two days later, ''E.P. Theriault'', a British sailing ship, was attacked by ''U-753''. She did not sink, however, and was taken back to Cuba and repaired. On the morning of 25 May, the Norwegian tanker ''Haakon Hauan'' was hit by one of ''U-753''s torpedoes. This vessel also survived and was repaired.The Norwegian tanker ''Hamlet'', however, did not escape when she encountered the U-boat two days later. Three torpedoes were fired between eleven o'clock and noon. All thirty-six crewmembers survived the sinking and were rescued by nearby fishing boats. ''U-753''s sixth patrol had her patrolling the North Atlantic, on the European side. Twenty-five days into her forty-two-day voyage on 22 February, ''U-753'' found the ON-166 convoy in the mid-Atlantic, her target: the Norwegian Whale ship ''N.T. Nielsen-Alonso''. The vessel had in fact been abandoned earlier that day after an attack from . ''U-753'' fired two coups de grâce but only hit the ship with one of the torpedoes, failing to sink it. The submarine was forced to leave after a Corvette took notice.
Encounter with ''Irish Willow'' Kenneth King from the deck of , signaling to  "send master and ships papers" National Maritime Museum of IrelandOn the morning of 16 March 1942, ''U-753'' sighted a lone ship, south-west of the Rockall Bank, it was the  and prepared to sink her, until they saw her neutral markings (the Irish tricolour and the word "EIRE"). At 2 pm ''U-753'' surfaced and signaled "send master and ship's papers". As Captain Shanks was born in Belfast, and could be regarded as British, this was considered unwise. Chief Officer Henry Cullen, with four crew as oarsmen went instead. In the conning tower, he explained that his 39-year-old Captain was too elderly for the small boat. He reminded them that the next day would be Saint Patrick's Day. Tumblers of Schnapps were produced, along with a bottle of Cognac, for the crew.
Fate ''U-753'' set off on her seventh and final patrol on 5 May 1943.Eight days in, she was discovered  away from convoy HX 237 by a Sunderland aircraft of No. 423 Squadron RCAF. After a twenty-minute exchange of fire with the aircraft, ''U-753'' dove when the corvette  joined the engagement. The aircraft dropped two depth charges immediately after. An aircraft from the escort carrier  marked the location of the submarine with smoke flares. caught up to the ''Drumheller'' and the two dropped depth charges, finally sinking ''U-753''; all 47 crewmen were lost at sea.
Wolfpacks ''U-753'' took part in ten wolfpacks, namely:* Schlei (19 – 24 January 1942) * Westwall (2 – 12 March 1942) * Luchs (27 September – 6 October 1942) * Panther (6 – 16 October 1942) * Puma (16 – 22 October 1942) * Natter (2 – 8 November 1942) * Kreuzotter (8 – 24 November 1942) * Hartherz (3 – 7 February 1943) * Ritter (11 – 26 February 1943) * Drossel (11 – 13 May 1943)
Summary of raiding history  Date Ship Name Nationality Tonnage (GRT) Fate20 May 1942''George Calvert''7,191Sunk22 May 1942''E.P.Theriault''326Damaged25 May 1942''Haakon Hauan''6,582Damaged27 May 1942''Hamlet''6,578Sunk22 February 1943''N.T.Nielsen-Alonso''9,348Sunk
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