Demographics of the Ottoman Empire
Introduction  The '''demographics of the Ottoman Empire''' include population density, ethnicity, education level, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.Lucy Mary Jane Garnett stated in the 1904 book ''Turkish Life in Town and Country'', published in 1904, that "No country in the world, perhaps, contains a population so heterogeneous as that of Turkey."
Census Demographic data for most of the history of the Ottoman Empire is not quite precise. For most of the five centuries of its existence, the empire did not have easily computable valid data except figures for the number of employed citizens. Until the first official census (1881–1893), data was derived from extending the taxation values to the total population. Because of the use of taxation data to infer population size, detailed data for numerous Ottoman urban centers - towns with more than 5,000 inhabitants - is accurate. This data was collaborated with data on wages and prices. Another source was used for the numbers of landlords of households in the Ottoman Empire- every household was assumed to have 5 residents.File:Town_ottoman_balkan_religion.png|Town population in the Balkans in the 16th century===1831 Ottoman census===Entire villages remained uncounted. Taxable population was enumerated, i.e. healthy men over 15 years old. For some settlements the rest of the male population was the majority.AreaTotalMuslimE. OrthodoxAll Roma (Gypsies)JewsArmeniansTotal (Of those counted)3,377,3071,316,6821,941,81693,94320,6364,230''Rumeli Eyalet''337,001686,99125,1269,9552,099Çatalca rural8482,592Silivri887Midya127Terkos794Çekmeceıkebır464Çekmeceısagır403Tiirkeşçıttiığı29Tekturdağı3,7737,72757Inecik81283624Malkara1,5114,01064Gelibolu4,1796,613Şarköy9627,752Bergos1,8603,1543251Çorlu9711,9384573Marmara Ereğlisi17755424Babayiatik5421,253Havas Mahmutpaşa684896Hayrabolu2,2031,051Evreşe66695639Inoz2742,32762Keşan8504,55772Çisriergene1,9298,886Ipsala9551,512Edirne18,48716,7897501,5411,443Ada rural1,0905,214Çdke rural1,9904,803Üsküdar and Manastır rural2,33317,040Tırfelli rural181Çisri Muştafa Paşa9141,329Çirmen1,9101,262Çirpan9384,619Ahlçelebi6,0804,107Akçakizanllk7,1958,097748Zağraiatık5,58612,782Dimetoka7,52510,852Ferecık2,3853,473Meğri692833Gumülcine30,5175,3391,712Yenıceikerasu7,5822,5401,273Uzuncaabat Hasköy9,94110,118633Sultanyeri6,2515189Drama8,6183,0771,007Cığlacik and San Şaban4,98613154Tırnova3,051Hutaliç rural7,543Torluk rural5,108Sahra rural2,678Filibe10,92044,9592,021344344Pazarcik3,26914,0833,653119Ihtaman4081,50183Sofya4,16139,692886Şehirköy1,34127,643379Pravişte4,7182,596259Bereketlu967170Kavala1,514102Berkofca1,12513,549382Cuma Pazari3,733916Egri Bucak1,4821,294Çarşamba2,3501,717Serfıce6822,260Tikveş4,4546,104Petriç3,8933,869Radovişte3,5044,907Nevrekop8,5398,620739Melnik9184,182260Timurhisar3,2296,611494Zihne2,86710,017642Siroz4,45916,5961,761248Selanik12,3682,16695115,667Yenice Vardar6,8114,766Vodine3,9963,883Karaferiye1,68011,052Ağustos151737Perzinek2154,436Iznebol1315,152151Ustrumca3,6745,344546Toyran4,6313,076334Karadağ2,7221,452108Avrathisar3,1766,949332Dupniçe3,52811,642Radomir7897,211Ivraca1,46314,282262Kratova, Ivraniye, Palangai, Eğridere4,74921,068627Vidin, Akçar, Karalom, Belgratçik, Çunarka, Godgoskaca and Esterlik rural6,69524,8461,289Köprülü4,76712,718390Perlepe3,68314,489450Samokov81611,9731194Köstendil3,03214,070232145Behişte3,2022,17689Kesriye3,31316,124335Persepe5682,162Manastir6,72324,5507051,163Florina5,5965,253365Istrova1,6581,17657Hotpeşte2,0813,63043Nasliç2,6935,748275Iştip6,9209,826Koçana3,3746,112Kumanova2,27610,819''Silistre Eyalet''150,97096,3428,779178''Niğbolu Sancak''110,30481,4895,804178Selvı7,734Izladi2,580Etripolu545Lofça12,404Plevne6,031Rahova1,831Sipre235Niğbolu3,8938,5981,190Ziştovi3,8975,760629Rusçuk1,61657,1961,437Yanbolu1,9421,507Nevahii Yanbolu1,4441,237Zağraicedıt3,2924,745Yenicei Kızılağaç, Hatunili4991,502Niš1,86218,378575178Prizren9,4882,867366Yehud2,7682,47944Tırguvişte2,4042,3233Gude7,574100Usküp9,66011,700900Kalkandelen11,7668,043472Kirçova2,2865,15488''Silistre Sancak''40,66614,8532975Varna3,4271,573167Isakçi55360539Minkalye6941537Balçik and Kuvarna1766630125Karkkala rural52Maçin99182125Köstence1,41738641Hırsova1,39198621Tulça47259219Kannabad5,0651,454358Babadağ1,1711,66138Doskasri1,114596273Aydos5,790845449Yenipazar3482948300Pravadı4,5301,465231Umurfakih1,140146Kozluca1,8401,163146Pazarcık3,515761287Çardak2,308300223Republic of Bulgaria borders181,455296,7691,7474702344=== 1844 Ottoman census === District Muslims Rumelia 29%=== 1881–1893 Ottoman census ===The first official census (1881–1893) took 10 years to finish. In 1893 the results were compiled and presented. This census is the first modern, general and standardized census accomplished not for taxation nor for military purposes, but to acquire demographic data. The population was divided into ethno-religious and gender characteristics. Numbers of both male and female subjects are given in ethno-religious categories including Muslims, Greeks (including Asia Minor Greeks, Pontic Greeks, and Caucasus Greeks, all Orthodox Christians under the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople from extremely distinct ethnic origin), Armenians, Bulgarians, Catholics, Jews, Protestants, Latins, Syriacs and Roma.In 1867 the Council of States took charge of drawing population tables, increasing the precision of population records. They introduced new measures of recording population counts in 1874.This led to the establishment of a General Population Administration, attached to the Ministry of Interior in 1881–1882.These changes politicized the population counts.Image:Prorportions des populations musulmanes grecques et armeniennes en AsieMineure d'apres la statistique du livreJaune.png|1893-96, Muslim, Greek and Armenian populationImage:Armenian population map 1896.jpg|1893-96, Armenian distribution (in color)Image:Карта распределения армянского населения в Турецкой Армении и Курдистане, 1895.jpg|1893-96, Green shows Muslim majority, red shows Armenian majority.Ottoman Census ValuesAdministrative UnitTotal	PopArmenian PopArmenian %Van Vilayet132,00755,05141.70%Bitlis Vilayet338,642108,05031.91%Izmit228,44344,95319.68%Erzurum Vilayet637,015120,14718.86%Dersaadet903,482166,18518.39%Vilayet of Mamuret-ul-Aziz466,57983,39417.87%Diyarbekir Vilayet414,65760,17514.51%Sivas Vilayet980,876129,08513.16%Adana Vilayet398,76436,6959.20%Halep Vilayet819,23870,6638.63%Ankara Vilayet1,018,74481,4377.99%Hüdavendigar Vilayet1,454,29470,2624.83%Trabzon Vilayet1,164,59549,7824.27%Sehremanati Mülhakati88,3063,0743.48%Edirne985,96218,4581.87%Çatalca61,0019791.60%Biga143,9041,8421.28%Konya1,022,83410,9721.07%Aydin1,478,42415,2291.03%Zor51,2704740.92%Kastamonu968,8846,6520.69%Kudüs258,8601,6100.62%Beyrut620,7632,9210.47%Suriye551,1351,4780.27%Selanik1,038,953510.00%Cezayir-i Bahri Sefid286,736100.00%Manastir711,466220.00%		1,139,651=== 1905–1906 Ottoman census ===File:The Historical Atlas, 1911 – Distribution of Races in the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor.jpg|1905-1906 (printed in 1911)File:Muslim population Ottoman Empire vilayets provinces 1906 1907 census.png|Muslim population in the Ottoman vilayets (1907)File:Sanjak_Ottoman_western_Balkans1906_1907_Ottoman_census_muslim_percentage.png|Muslim population in the Ottoman sanjaksAfter 1893 the Ottoman Empire established a statistics authority (Istatistik-i Umumi Idaresi) under which results of another official census was published in 1899.Istatistik-i Umumi Idaresi conducted a new census survey for which field work lasted two years (1905–06). 2-3 million people in Iraq and Syria remained unregistered and uncounted.As a factual note this survey's complete (total) documentation was not published. Results of regional studies on this data were published later, which were sorted by their publication date. Included in the publication and subsequent ones was the Ottoman Empire's population as of 1911, 1912, and 1914.The substantial archival documentation on the census has been used in many modern studies and international publications. After 1906 the Ottoman Empire began to disband and a chain of violent wars such as the Italo-Turkish War, Balkan Wars and World War I drastically changed the region, its borders, and its demographics. Population distribution of the Millets in the Ottoman Empire in 1906, according to the official census- Millet  Inhabitants  % of total Muslimsa  15,498,747 - 15,518,478  76.09% - 74.23% Greeksb  2,823,065 - 2,833,370  13.86% - 13.56% Armeniansc  1,031,708 - 1,140,563  5.07% - 5.46% Bulgarians  761,530 - 762,754  3.74% - 3.65% Jews  253,435 - 256,003  1.24% - 1.23% Protestantsd  53,880  0.26% Othersd  332,569  1.59% '''Total'''  '''20,368,485 - 20,897,617'''  '''100.00%''' Notes: a The Muslim Millet includes all Muslims. The largest of them being Turks, Arabs and Kurds.b The Greek Millet includes all Christians part of the Greek Orthodox Church. This includes Slavs and Albanians.c This includes the various Assyrian Churches.d The first source doesn't include Protestants and "others".=== 1914 Ottoman census ===File:Proportions des populations en Asie Mineure statistique officielle d1914.png|1914, Muslim, Greek and Armenian population1914 Official Census Values (Male-Female Aggregated)ProvinceMuslimArmenianGreekAdana341.903 (74.8%)52.650 (13%)8.974 (2.2%)Ankara877.285 (92.5%)51.556 (5.4%)20.240 (2.1%)Antalya235.762 (95.01%)630 (.02%)12.385 (4.97%)Aydın (İzmir)1.249.06720.287299.097Bitlis309.999 (72.5%)117.492 (27.5%)0Bolu399.2812.9705.115Canik265.95027.31998.739Çatalca20.04884236.791 (63.78%)Diyarbekir492.10165.8501.935Edirne360.41119.773224.680Erzurum673.297134.3774.864Eskişehir140.6788.5922.613Halep576.32040.84321.954Harput446.37979.821971Hüdavendigâr474.11460.11974.927İçil102.0343412.507İzmit226.85955.85240.048Kale-i Sultaniye149.9032.4748.550Kastamonu737.3028.95920.958Karahisar-ı Sahib277.6597.439632Karesi359.8048.65397.497Kayseri184.29250.17426.590Konya750.71212.97125.150Kostantiniyye560.43482.880205.752Menteşe188.9161219.923Kütahya303.3484.5488.755Maraş152.64532.32234Niğde227.1004.93658.312Sivas939.735147.09975.324Trabzon921.12838.899161.574Urfa149.38416.7182Van179.38067.7921Zor65.77023245'''Total''''''13.390.000''' (83,02%)'''1.173.422''' (7,28%)'''1.564.939''' (9,70%)'''Total''''''16.128.361'''===1866 Danube Vilayet census===In 1865, 658600 (40,51%) Muslims and 967058 (59,49%) non-Muslims, including females, were living in the province excluding Niş sanjak and 569.868 (34,68%) Muslims, apart from the immigrants and 1.073.496 (65,32%) non-Muslims in 1859–1860.Half the Muslims were refugees from a population exchange of Christians and Muslims with Russia. Before the establishment of the Danube Vilayet, some 250000-300000 Muslim immigrants from Crimea and Caucasus had been settled in this region from 1855 to 1864.Another 200–300,000 male and female Circassian and Crimean Tatar refugees settled in 1862-1878 were to a degree excluded from the 1866 census count.Male population of the taxable population of the, Danube Vilayet:1866 censussancakMuslimNon-MuslimRusçuk13869295834Varna5868920769Vidin25338124567Sofya24410147095Tirnova71645104273Tulça3913317929Niş54510100425Total412417610892Percentage of communities in towns from the male population in 1866 according to Ottoman teskere: Town Bulgarians Muslims RomaArmeniansJewsVidin345268Sofya3839420Lom583535Dupnice3846511Plevne474552Rusçuk3852245Şumnu 4051152Varna4940182Silistre3062241In 1873, 17,96% of the population of the province were living in the urban areas.===1874 Danube Vilayet census===According to the 1874 census, there were 963596 (42,22%) Muslims and 1318506 (57,78%) non-Muslims in the Danube Province excluding Nış sanjak. Together with the sanjak of Nish the population consisted of 1055650 (40,68%) Muslims and 1539278 (59,32%) non-Muslims in 1874.Muslims were the majority in the sanjaks of Rusçuk, Varna and Tulça, while the non-Muslims were in majority in the rest of the sanjaks.===Eastern Rumelia census===Census in Eastern Rumelia of 1878: Community (1878 census)  Population  Percentage Bulgarians 571231 70.3% Muslims  174759  21.4% Greeks  42516  5.2% Roma (Gypsies)  19524   Jews  4177   Armenians  1306  Census of Eastern Rumelia in 1880: Ethnicity (1880 census)  Population  Percentage Bulgarians 590000  72.3% Turks  158000  19.4% Roma (Gypsies)  19500  2.4% others  48000  5.9%The ethnic composition of the population of Eastern Rumelia, according to the provincial census taken in 1884, was the following: Ethnicity (1884 census)  Population  Percentage Bulgarians 681,734  70.0% Turks  200,489  20.6% Greeks  53,028  5.4% Roma (Gypsies)  27,190  2.8% Jews  6,982  0.7% Armenians  1,865  0.2%Population of Eastern Rumelia according to the 1880 census: kaza Bulgarians Turks Greeks Roma Jews Armenians Plovdiv 127.619 36.848 14.265 4736 1185 806 Haskovo 74.656 55.334 1138 2116 246  Stara Zagora 124.666 27.115 35 2811 431  Sliven 96.425 12.463 14.1843685 845 276 Pazardzhik 94.873 14.898 6763487 1112 152 Burgas 36.997 28.091 11.7982686 358 71===1903–1904 census of Salonika Vilayet===Population of the Salonika vilayet: sanjak Muslims Greeks Bulgarians Vlachs Jews Saloniki 220.000 190.000 85.000 15.000 48.000Serres 145.000 78.000 130.000 4000 2000Drama 119.000 22.000 4000  1000
Ethnoreligious estimates and registered population ===Eyalets===The Muslim population in Silistra subprovince was most numerous (55.17%), while in the Vidin and Nis subprovinces the non-Muslim population constituted 75.59% and 81.18% respectively. Population of the eyalets (Silistra, Vidin and Niş) which constituted the establishment of the Danube Vilayet, according to the 1858 report of the British consul Edward Neale: Community Population Bulgarian Orthodox  Muslim  Vlach  Greek Jewish  Others  '''TOTAL'''===Danube Vilayet===The Danube Province was founded in 1864 and consisted of the subprovinces of Ruse, Varna, Tulcea, Tarnovo, Vidin, Sofia and Niş. Two subprovinces (Sofia and Niş) were separated from the Danube Province, so that Niş sanjak was part of Prizren Vilayet in 1869–1874, while the detached Sofia Province was founded in 1876, and finally both Sofia and Niş were annexed to Adrianople and Kosovo Vilayets respectively in 1877.The entire population of the province, reached ca. 2,6 Millions, including 1 Million (40%) Muslims and 1.5 Million (60%) non-Muslims before the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, with the main national components consisting of Bulgarians and Turks. New large communities of Circassians and Tatars were resettled in the province among the 250,000-300,000 Muslim refugees from Crimea and the Caucasus from 1855 to 1864; however, after the war of 1877–78, both the Muslim and Turkish population dropped by almost half, leaving only 63 Circassians recorded in Bulgaria by 1880.The male population of the Danube Vilayet (excluding Niş sancak) in 1865, according to Kuyûd-ı Atîk (the Danube Vilayet printing press): Community Rusçuk Sanjak Vidin Sanjak Varna Sanjak Tırnova Sanjak Tulça Sanjak Sofya Sanjak Danube VilayetBulgar MilletIslam MilletUllah milletErmeni MilletRum MilletYahudi MilletMuslim RomaNon-Muslim Roma'''TOTAL'''The male population of the Danube Vilayet (excluding Niş sanjak) in 1866–1873, according to the editor of the Danube newspaper Ismail Kemal: Community Population MUSLIMS  - Established Muslims  - Muslim settlers  - Muslim Roma  CHRISTIANS  - Bulgarians  - Greeks  - Armenians  - Catholics  - other Christians  JEWS  NON-MUSLIM Roma '''TOTAL Danube Vilayet''' The male population of the Danube Vilayet (excluding Niş sanjak) in 1868, according to Kemal Karpat: Group Population Christian Bulgarians 490,467 Muslims 359,907The male population of the Danube Vilayet (excluding Niş sanjak) in 1875, according to Tahrir-i Cedid (the Danube Vilayet printing press): Community Rusçuk Sanjak Vidin Sanjak Varna Sanjak Tırnova Sanjak Tulça Sanjak Sofya Sanjak Danube VilayetBulgar MilletIslam MilletErmeni MilletRum MilletYahudi MilletCircassian MuhacirsMuslim RomaNon-Muslim RomaVlachs, Catholics, etc. '''TOTAL'''The male population of the Danube Vilayet in 1876, according to the Ottoman officer Stanislas Saint Clair: Community Population Turk Muslims  Other Muslims  Bulgarian Christians  Armenian Christians  Vlach and Greek Christians  Roma  Jews  '''TOTAL Danube Vilayet'''The total population of the Danube Vilayet (including Niş and Sofia sanjaks), according to the 1876 edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica: Group Population Bulgarians  Turks  Tatars  Circassians  Albanians  Romanians  Roma  Russians  Armenians  Jews  Greeks  Serbs  Germans, Italians, Arabs and others  '''TOTAL Danube Vilayet''' Distribution of the population of towns in the Danube Vilayet in 1876 according to Aubaret (excl. Niş sancak)The total Population of the Danube Vilayet (excluding Niş sanjak) in 1876, estimated by the French consul Aubaret from the register: Community Population MUSLIMS  incl. Turks  incl. Circassians  incl. Tatars  incl. Roma  NON-MUSLIMS  incl. Bulgarians  incl. Roma  incl. Greeks  incl. Jews  incl. Armenians  incl. Vlachs and others  '''TOTAL Danube Vilayet''' The total population of the two mainly Turkish sanjaks of the Danube Vilayet in 1876, according to the French consul Aubaret: Community Varna Sanjak Rusçuk SanjakTurksBulgariansCircassians Roma Greeks Jews ArmeniansVlachs'''TOTAL'''===Adrianople Vilayet===Total population of the Adrianople Vilayet in 1878 according to the Turkish author Kemal Karpat: Group POPULATION Bulgarians  Other Christians  Muslims - '''TOTAL Adrianople Vilayet''' Male population of the Filibe Sancak of the Adrianople Vilayet in 1876 according to the British R. J. Moore: Turks Muslim Roma Christian Roma Bulgarians Greeks Armenians Jews KAZA TOTAL Filibe kaza         Tatar Pazardzhik kaza        Hasköy kaza         Zagora kaza       Kazanlak kaza      Chirpan kaza       Sultan-Jeri kaza        Akcselebi kaza       '''TOTAL Filibe Sanjak'''        Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1873 according to Ottoman almanacs: Community Population Muslims 37,200 (47%) Non-Muslims 46,961 (53%) '''TOTAL Islimiye sanjak''' Male population of İslimiye sanjak of Adrianople Vilayet in 1875 according to British R.J. Moore: Community Population Muslims Non-Muslims  '''TOTAL Islimiye sanjak''' Total population of the Sanjak of Gümülcine of the Adrianople Vilayet In the 19th century: Sanjak Muslims Christian Bulgarians Christian Greeks Gümülcine 206.914 20.671 15.241===Eastern Rumelia===Total population of the later Eastern Rumelia before and after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 (Drummons-Wolff to Salisbury, 26.09.1878) after forced migration: Population 1875 1878 1879 Muslim Turks   +100.000 Muslim Pomaks   Muslim Tatars   Muslim Circassians  Muslim GyspiesJewsBulgarian CatholicsBulgarian ExarchistsGrecophile BulgriansGreeksGreek VlachsGreek AlbaniansArmenians'''TOTAL'''===Constantinople Vilayet===Population of Istanbul in 1885 according to Stanford Shaw (Male:female): Group Born in Born outside Muslim 143.586(M:F 1:2) 241.324(M:F 2:1) Greeks 68.764 83.977 Armenian Orthodox 78.679 70.991 Bulgarian 46 4331 Catholic37222720Jewish42.3631998Protestant225594Latin609473===Salonika Vilayet===Male population of some sanjaks in 1880 according to Earl Granville: Sanjak Muslims Greeks Patriarchist Bulgarians Exarchist Bulgarians Vlachs Jews Siroz 54.436 31.820 28.053 15.335 2859 988 Salonika 25.669 61.434 13.099-15.000 15.975 4462 25.473Male population of some sanjaks in 1878 according to Bulgarian Kusev and Gruev: Sanjak Muslims Bulgarians Greeks Vlachs Roma Pomaks Siroz 19.344 70.895 117.226 1812 1170 13873 Salonika 9.441 96.000 113.279  1751 2862-8697Total population of some sanjaks in 1881 according to Italian Hondros: Sanjak Turks Greeks Bulgarians Jews Vlachs Siroz 91.700 66.500 54.580 1520 4150Total population of some sanjaks according to vice-consul Stanislas Recchioli in 1878: Sanjak Muslims incl. Turks Christians Drama 270.998 249.165 413.549===Total===Total population accolrding to Abdolonyme Ubicini who based the statistics on the Ottoman census of 1844: Community in Europe in Asia in Africa Turks   Greeks    Armenians    Jews    Slavs    Romanians    Albanians    Tatars   Arabs    Assyrians and Chaldeans    Druzes    Kurds    Turcomans   Roma    '''Muslims'''    '''Christians'''    '''Jews'''    '''Total'''   Total population according to ''The New Armenia'''''s'' 1912 estimation before the Balkan Wars:+Ethnoreligious estimates of total the population Group Estimate Turkic peoples Christian Turks Kurds LazesCircassiansChechensAbazaKarapapakhsGeorgiansMuslim AlbaniansChristian AlbaniansArabsRomaGreeksArmeniansBulgariansVlachsSerbsother EuropeanJewsQizilbashFellah, Tahtadji, etc.Yazidis '''Total''' +Arab estimatesGroupEstimate Hidjazi Arabs and Yemenis  Mesopotamian Arabs Tripolitanian ArabsDruzeSyrianChristian Syrians'''Total Arab population'''An 1876 map of the Russian diplomat Teplov on the Muslim and Christian population in some kazas concerning the Constantinople Conference.==== European part ====Estimates in some eighteen sources show that the Muslims constituted about 35% of the total Balkan population during the first half of the 19th century, while in the second half of the century the proportion grew to 43%. According to thirty-three sources, the proportion of Turks in the European provinces during the 19th century ranges from 11 to 24 percent; of Greeks from 9 to 16 percent; of Bulgarians from 24 to 39 percent. The Turks made up two thirds of the Muslims in the Danube Vilayet and most of them in the Adrianople Vilayet and Salonika Vilayet. In the more western vilayets, the Muslims were a majority, which consisted usually of Slavs and Albanians. In the Ioannina Vilayet, the Orthodox Christians were dominant, a majority of whom were ethnically Albanian according to Ottoman officials and were also three fourths of the Muslims. In 1867, Salaheddin Bey estimated 595,000 Circassian newcomers and 400,000 Armenians in the European part. Practically all of the Circassians began migrating to Anatolia after the Russian military advances in the last quarter of the century.Total population of the European part in 1831 according to David Urquhart: Community Population Muslim Turks  Muslim Albanians  Muslim Bosniaks, Tuleman, Pomaks  Christian Greeks(excl. Greece)  Christian Slavs  Christian Albanians  Christian Vlachs  Jews, Armenians, etc. '''TOTAL''' Albanian tribe at the feast of Saint Nicholas at Bzheta in Shkreli territory, 1908Total population of the European part in the 1840s according to Auguste Viquesnel: Ethnic group Total Muslims Christians Jews Moldo-Wallachians   3,976,825 135,280 Bulgarians  60,000 2,940,000  Ottomans, Yörüks, Tatars  2,100,000   Albanians  1,250,000 150,000  Bosnians and Herzegovians  600,000 700,000  Serbs  15,000 987,600 1,400 Greeks  15,000 960,000  Armenians   400,000  Roma  140,000   Croats   200,000  Montenegrins   100,000  Jews    70,000 Cossacks   9,000 '''TOTAL'''  4,180,000 10,723,425 206,680Total population of European part in 1872 according to the military attaché in Constantinople Ritter zur Helle von Samo based on Ottoman province yearbooks: Vilayet Muslims Non-Muslims Istanbul (Europe)   Adrianople   Scutari   Prizren   Danube Janina  Salonica Bosnia Crete Istanbul (Asia) Serbia United Principalities  Montenegro  Total population of the European part in 1876 according to Ernst Georg Ravenstein who relied on several sources including Ottoman statistics: Community Population Muslim Turks and Tatars  Muslim Bulgarians  Muslim Albanians  Muslim Serbs  Muslim Circassians  Muslim Roma  Muslim Greeks  Muslim Arabs  Muslim foreigners  Non-Muslim Bulgarians  Non-Muslim Greeks  Non-Muslim Serbs  Non-Muslim Albanians  Non-Muslim Romanians  Non-Muslim Armenians  Jews  Non-Muslim foreigenrs  Non-Muslim Roma  Non-Muslim Russians  '''TOTAL''' Total population of some sanjaks in 1877 according to Russian diplomat Teplov: SanjakBulgariansNon-BulgariansMuslimsNon-Muslims Vidin263.000131.60039.723333.317 Tırnova188.500112.00068.199328.390 Niş 283.000148.100 72.188 36.0559 Sofia 297.500189.00057.789 428.949 Rusçuk 201.025 354.324 268824 290626 Varna 36.00074.10064.621 45.875 Tulça 40.570188.930103.328 116.203Total (Danube)1.310.6951.198.054674.6721.903.919 Islimiye 100.500 186.400 64.459 213.066 Philippopolis 382.500 564.600 318.052 628.770Total1.793.6951.949.0541.057.1832.745.755Population of the sanjaks according to a Greek author: Sanjak Greeks Bulgarians Muslims Others Tekirdağ 117.600  19.000 32.000 Gelibolu 98.900  35.000 10.000 Adrianople 171.000 78.320 125.000 35.000 Islimiye 37.100 54.200 54.300 30.000 Filibe 32.000 180.000 120.000 38.000 Drama 42.000 1000 35.000 30.000 Salonika 210.500 59.500 140.000 70.000 Siroz 175.000 20.000 84.000 15.000 Bitola 278.000 60.000 90.000 20.000Male Population of the parts of the Danube, Adrianople and Salonika vilayets corresponding to the modern Republic of Bulgaria in 1875 according to Totev: Place Muslims Non-Muslims Total 687.998 1.053.387 Danube Vilayet 451.680 712.842
Special Reports === Arnold J. Toynbee ===During the World War I; The treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire was a book by Viscount Bryce and Arnold J. Toynbee which compiled statements from eyewitnesses from other countries including Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland, who similarly attested to Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during 1915–1916.The publication presents Arnold J. Toynbee's analysis on Armenian population in the Ottoman Empire. A summary table of his analysis included in the page 199.In the "vilayet of Van", there were two portions, portions in modern use corresponds to county. As explained by Arnold J. Toynbee in the footprint at page 199, he developed his analysis by excluding certain portions of the province where he said "Armenians were a minor". Arnold Toynbee in finding the ratio of Armenians in vilayet of Van; he removed the values originating from portions of Van (listed in the foot print) where Armenians were in minority. The presented table in page 1999 shows the re-calculated values by Arnold J. Toynbee of these selected provinces using values of the parts (counties, sanjacks) which Armenians were not in minority. The presented map shows the re-calculated values of the stated provinces using values where Armenians are not in minority.File:Arnold J. Toynbee Armenian statistics 1912.png|Ethnic values of the Six vilayets according to presented data.
See also *Subdivisions of the Ottoman EmpireArticles discussing the demographics of the Ottoman Empire:*Demographics of Turkey*Ottoman Armenian population*History of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire*Demographics of Kosovo
Notes
References
Bibliography * * * * * L. Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, 1979* M. Kabadayı, Inventory for the Ottoman Empire / Turkish Republic 1500–2000 *