Venanzio Rauzzini
Introduction Stipple engraving by Robert Hancock'''Venanzio Rauzzini''' (19 December 1746 – 8 April 1810) was an Italian castrato, composer, pianist, singing teacher and concert impresario. He is said to have first studied singing under a member of the  Sistine Chapel Choir. He was a cantante soprano at the Socio Accademico of the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome. He studied with Giuseppe Santarelli in Rome. Though unlikely, it has been suggested that Rauzzini may not in fact have been a castrato, but rather had an endocrine condition that prevented his voice from breaking, hence his many affairs as he was thought to be "safe". That said, scholars such as Paul Rice and Brianna Robertson-Kirkland refute this idea.
Life Portrait of Rauzzini with his dog Turk at the Herschel Museum of AstronomyRauzzini was born in Camerino. He made his opera debut in 1765 at the Teatro Valle in Rome portraying one of the female characters in Niccolò Piccinni's opera ''Il finto astrologo''. He sang at the Teatro San Samuele in Venice in 1766, after which he performed at the Munich Hofoper in 1766–1767.Michael Kelly claimed that Rauzzini had to leave the Munich court because of his many affairs with married women. He next sang at the court at Vienna in 1767 where Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart "reacted with delight when he heard Rauzzini singing and offered him the role of ''primo uomo'' in his ''Lucio Silla'' (1772), in Milan, before composing the motet ''Exsultate Jubilate'' (1773) especially for him. "Rauzzini returned for performances in Venice and Munich during the early 1770s and also had a very successful run in London from 1774 until his retirement from the stage in 1778.After his opera career ended he worked as a  singing and piano teacher and also composed a number of operas. After living in London for some years he settled in Bath in 1780 and became Director of the New Assembly Room Concerts in 1781.He also became a famous singing master, teaching many of the most famous British opera singers of the day. Joseph Haydn stayed with him in 1794 and composed the canon "Turk was a Faithful Dog" as a gift for his host, taking the words from the garden memorial to Rauzzini's favourite dog. Some of Rauzzini's pupils included Stephen Storace, Nancy Storace, Michael Kelly, John Braham Rosemond Mountain, and Maria Dickons. Rauzzini directed and financed concert life in Bath from c. 1781 until his death in 1810; many of his pupils appeared in the subscription concerts that he organised each year. Before dying he published vocal exercises and a treatise on singing. Rauzzini was buried in Bath Abbey where there is a memorial erected to him by his pupils Nancy Storace and John Braham.His brother, Matteo (1754-1791), was also a composer and a teacher of singing.
Operas *''Piramo e Tisbe'', libretto by Ranieri de' Calzabigi, (London, His Majesty's Theatre, 16 marzo 1775)*''L'ali d'amore'', libretto by Carlo Francesco Badini (1776)*''L'eroe cinese'', libretto by Pietro Metastasio (1782)*''Creusa in Delfo'', libretto by Gaspare Martinelli (1783)*''Alina ossia La regina di Golconda'', libretto by Antonio Andrei (1784)*''La vestale'', libretto by Badini (1787)
Notes
References *Baldwin, Olive and Wilson, Thelma: "Rauzzini, Venanzio (1746-1810)," ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' Oxford University Press, 2004 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23167 (site accessible via subscription), (accessed 17 July 2013).*P. Barbier (1989). ''The World of the Castrati: The History of an Extraordinary Operatic Phenomenon'' transl. M. Crosland, Souvenir Press*Emerson, Isabelle Putnam (2005) ''Five Centuries of Women Singers''. Greenwood Publishing Group. *Rice, Paul F. (2015) ''Venanzio Rauzzini in Britain: Castrato, Composer and Cultural Leader.'' Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. *Robertson-Kirkland, Brianna E. (2022) ''Venanzio Rauzzini and the Birth of a New Style in English Singing Scandalous Lessons.'' NY: Routledge.