Nebria brevicollis
Introduction '''''Nebria brevicollis''''' is a species of ground beetle native to Europe and the Near East, but introduced to the western United States and Canada.
Description ''Nebria brevicollis'' has a body which is dark brown, with reddish-brown on the tibiae, tarsi, palpi and antennae. The pronotum has two lateral setae on either side, and is densely punctuate across the entire base.
Range In Europe, it is found in all countries and islands except the Azores, the Canary Islands, the Channel Islands, Franz Josef Land, Gibraltar, Madeira, Malta, Monaco, the North Aegean Islands, Novaya Zemlya, San Marino, the Selvagens Islands, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, and Vatican City. In 2008, it was reported as introduced in western Oregon, U.S.A., where it has been found in highly disturbed sites as well as in native old-growth forest stands. It has also now been found in Washington State, Northern California, as well as in southern British Columbia, Canada.
Habitat The primary habitat is the cover of shaded leaf litter in deciduous forests; however, it can also be found in disturbed habitat such as parks, gardens, and agricultural lands. In North America, it has found in the summits, forest and meadows of mountains (at over 1200 metres elevation). Unlike other members of ''Nebria,'' this species avoids moist areas.
Ecology This species is most abundant between October and December, then from January through mid-May. Erynia nebriae''The species is preyed upon by the fungus ''Erynia nebriae.'' Although ''Nebria brevicollis'' is widely considered to be solely carnivorous, multiple small studies made by enthusiasts have proven that many ''Nebria brevicollis'' will resort to eating various types of fungi that can be found in the soil they live on/around. Studied made by the same individuals have also shown that ''Nebria brevicollis'' are semi-social, and will often work together when faced with certain obstacles.
Behaviour A study found evidence of personality in ''N. brevicollis'', identifying repeatable, consistent differences in seven behavioural traits between individuals.
References
External links * ''Nebria brevicollis'' at Vancouver, Clark Co., Washington, U.S.A.**