Foreign relations of the United States
Introduction  Diplomatic relations of the United StatesThe United States has formal diplomatic relations with most nations. This includes all United Nations members and observer states other than Bhutan, Iran, North Korea and Syria, and the UN observer State of Palestine, the last of which the U.S. does not recognize. Additionally, the U.S. has diplomatic relations with Kosovo and the European Union.The United States federal statutes relating to foreign relations can be found in Title 22 of the United States Code. The United States has the most diplomatic posts of any state.
History
Diplomatic relations List of countries which the United States of America maintains diplomatic relations with:#CountryDate123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536— (severed)37383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061— (severed)6263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153–154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187–188–25 September 2023–
Bilateral relations === North and South America === Country Formal relations beganNotes1823See Argentina–United States relationsupright=1.2Argentina was integrated into the British international economy in the late 19th century; there was minimal trade with the United States. When the United States began promoting the Pan American Union, some Argentines were suspicious that it was indeed a device to lure the country into the U.S. economic orbit, but most businessmen responded favorably and bilateral trade grew briskly. The United States has a positive bilateral relationship with Argentina based on many common strategic interests, including non-proliferation, counternarcotics, counter-terrorism, the fight against human trafficking, and issues of regional stability, as well as the strength of commercial ties. Argentina is a participant in the Three-Plus-One regional mechanism (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and the United States), which focuses on coordination of counter-terrorism policies in the tri-border region. Argentina has endorsed the Proliferation Security Initiative, and has implemented the Container Security Initiative and the Trade Transparency Unit, both of which are programs administered by the US Department of Homeland Security/Immigration and Customs Enforcement.1981See Belize–United States relations1849See Bolivia–United States relationsThe United States and Bolivia have had a tradition of cordial and cooperative relations. Development assistance from the United States to Bolivia dates from the 1940s, and the United States remains a major partner for economic development, improved health, democracy, and the environment. In 1991, the U.S. government forgave all of the $341 million debt owed by Bolivia to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) as well as 80% ($31 million) of the amount owed to the United States Department of Agriculture for food assistance. The United States has also been a strong supporter of forgiveness of Bolivia's multilateral debt under the HIPC initiatives.1824See Brazil–United States relationsupright=1.2The United States was the first country to recognize the independence of Brazil, doing so in 1808.Brazil-United States relations have a long history, characterized by some moments of remarkable convergence of interests but also by sporadic and critical divergences on sensitive international issues. The United States has increasingly regarded Brazil as a significant power, especially in its role as a stabilizing force and skillful interlocutor in Latin America. As a significant political and economic power, Brazil has traditionally preferred to cooperate with the United States on specific issues rather than seeking to develop an all-encompassing, privileged relationship with the United States.1926See Canada–United States relationsupright=1.2Relations between Canada and the United States span more than two centuries, marked by a shared British colonial heritage, conflict during the early years of the US, and the eventual development of one of the most successful international relationships in the modern world. The most serious breach in the relationship was the War of 1812, which saw an American invasion of then British North America and counter invasions from British-Canadian forces. The border was demilitarized after the war and, apart from minor raids, has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during the World Wars and continued throughout the Cold War, despite Canadian doubts about certain American policies. A high volume of trade and migration between the United States and Canada has generated closer ties. The current bilateral relationship between Canada and the United States is of notable importance to both countries. About 75–85% of Canadian trade is with the United States, and Canada is the United States' largest trading partner and chief supplier of oil. While there are disputed issues between the two nations, relations are close and the two countries share the "world's longest undefended border". A high volume of trade and migration between the United States and Canada since the 1850s has generated closer ties, despite continued Canadian fears of being culturally overwhelmed by its neighbor, which is nine times larger in terms of population and eleven times larger in terms of economy. The two economies have increasingly merged since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994, which also includes Mexico. This economic merger of these two countries was shifted when the Trump era United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) was ratified.1824See Chile–United States relationsupright=1.2Relations between Chile and the United States have been better in the period 1988 to 2008 than any other time in history. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the United States government applauded the rebirth of democratic practices in Chile, Regarded as one of the least corrupt and most vibrant democracies in South America, with a healthy economy, Chile is noted as being a valuable ally of the United States in the Southern Hemisphere. A prime example of cooperation includes the landmark 2003 Chile–United States Free Trade Agreement.1822See Colombia–United States relationsupright=1.2Relations between Colombia and the United States have evolved from mutual cordiality during most of the 19th and early 20th centuries to a recent partnership that links the governments of both nations around several key issues, including fighting communism, the War on Drugs, and especially since 9/11, the threat of terrorism. During the last fifty years, different American governments and their representatives have become involved in Colombian affairs through the implementation of policies concerned with the above issues. Some critics of current United States policies in Colombia, such as Law Professor John Barry, consider that US influences have catalyzed internal conflicts and substantially expanded the scope and nature of human rights abuses in Colombia. Supporters, such as Under Secretary of State Marc Grossman, consider that the US has promoted respect for human rights and the rule of law in Colombia, in addition to the fight against drugs and terrorism.1851See Costa Rica–United States relations1832See Ecuador–United States relations1824; 1849See El Salvador–United States relationsupright=1.21824; 1844See Guatemala–United States relations1966See Guyana–United States relations1824; 1853See Honduras–United States relationsHonduras and the United States have had formal relations since 1830.There is close cooperation between the two countries, particularly in the areas of the War on Drugs, while the National Port Authority in Puerto Cortés is part of the U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection's Container Security Initiative.1822See Mexico–United States relationsupright=1.2The United States shares a unique and often complex relationship with the United Mexican States. A history of armed conflict goes back to the Texas Revolution in the 1830s, the Mexican–American War in the 1840s, and an American invasion in the 1910s. Important treaties include the Gadsden Purchase, and multilaterally with Canada, the North American Free Trade Agreement which was changed in the Trump era to the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement. The two countries have close economic ties, being each other's first and third largest trading partners. They are also closely connected demographically, with over one million U.S. citizens living in Mexico and Mexico being the largest source of immigrants to the United States. Illegal immigration and illegal trade in drugs and firearms have been causes of differences but also of cooperation.1824; 1849See Nicaragua–United States relationsNicaragua and the United States have had diplomatic relations since 1824.Between 1912 and 1933, the United States occupied Nicaragua (see United States occupation of Nicaragua). Following the United States occupation of Nicaragua, in 1933 the Somoza family political dynasty came to power, and would rule Nicaragua until their ouster on July 19, 1979, during the Nicaraguan Revolution. The era of Somoza family rule was characterized by rising inequality and political corruption, strong U.S. support for the government and its military, as well as a reliance on U.S.-based multinational corporations. This led to international condemnation of the regime, and in 1977 the Carter administration cut off aid to the Somoza regime due to its human rights violations.Then during the Reagan administration the diplomatic relations escalated during the Iran-Contra affair and the United States embargo against Nicaragua. Then in 1990, after Violeta Chamorro won the 1990 Nicaraguan general election, the diplomatic relations began to improve greatly. The United States has promoted national reconciliation, encouraging Nicaraguans to resolve their problems through dialogue and compromise. In the Summer 2003 Nicaragua sent around 370 soldiers to  the Iraq War as part of the coalition of countries that were engaging in war in this country. Immediately after April 2004 these troops were withdrawn by President Enrique Bolanos. Although President Daniel Ortega has been publicly critical of U.S. policies, the United States and Nicaragua have normal diplomatic relations.1903See Panama–United States relationsPanama gained its independence in 1901 due in part to American interest in building the Panama Canal. Relations have been generally strong, with 25,000 U.S. citizens present in Panama and a mutual healthcare program. The United States invaded Panama in 1989 to remove then Panamanian leader Manual Noriega.1852See Paraguay–United States relationsupright=1.21826See Peru–United States relations1975See Suriname–United States relations1836See Uruguay - United States relationsupright=1.2In 2002, Uruguay and the United States created a Joint Commission on Trade and Investment (JCTI) to exchange ideas on a variety of economic topics. In March 2003, the JCTI identified six areas of concentration until the eventual signing of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA): customs issues, intellectual property protection, investment, labor, environment, and trade in goods. In late 2004, Uruguay and the United States signed an Open Skies Agreement, which was ratified in May 2006.In November 2005, they signed a Bilateral investment treaty (BIT), which entered into force on November 1, 2006.A Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) was signed in January 2007.More than 80 US-owned companies operate in Uruguay, and many more market US goods and services.1835See Venezuela - United States relations and Venezuelan presidential crisisBoth countries maintained mutual diplomatic relationships since the early-19th century traditionally been characterized by an important trade and investment relationship and cooperation in controlling the production and transit of illegal drugs. Relations were strong under democratic governments in Venezuela, such as those of Carlos Andrés Pérez and Rafael Caldera. After the election of Presidents Hugo Chávez of Venezuela and George W. Bush of the United States, tensions between the countries escalated, reaching a high in September 2008 when Venezuela broke off diplomatic relations with the United States. In January 2019, after US President Donald Trump recognized Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela, President Nicolás Maduro cut all diplomatic ties to the United States.===Caribbean=== Country Formal relations beganNotes1981See Antigua and Barbuda–United States relationsSee Aruba–United States relations1973See Bahamas–United States relationsright1966See Barbados–United States relationsrightSee Bermuda–United States relationsSee Cayman Islands–United States relations1902; 2015See Cuba–United States relationsFollowing the Cuban Revolution of 1959 relations had deteriorated substantially, and until recently have been marked by tension and confrontation. The United States has initiated an embargo due to the Cuban regime refusal to move toward democratization and greater respect for human rights, hoping to see democratization that took place in Eastern Europe. Maintaining friendly and close relationships between the United States and Cuba were formally re-established on July 20, 2015, with the opening of embassies in both Havana and Washington, D.C. 1866See Dominican Republic–United States relations1978See Dominica–United States relations1974See Grenada–United States relations1862See Haiti–United States relations1962See Jamaica–United States relationsupright=1.21983See Saint Kitts and Nevis–United States relations1979See Saint Lucia–United States relationsright1981See Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–United States relations1962See Trinidad and Tobago–United States relations=== Europe ===American relations with Eastern Europe are influenced by the legacy of the Cold War. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, former Communist-bloc states in Europe have gradually transitioned to democracy and capitalism. Many have also joined the European Union and NATO, strengthening economic ties with the broader Western world and gaining the military protection of the United States via the North Atlantic Treaty. Country Formal relations beganNotes1922See Albania–United States relationsupright=1.21995See Andorra–United States relationsupright=1.21920; 1991See Armenia–United States relations * Armenia has an embassy in Washington, D.C.* United States has an embassy in Yerevan. * United States has recognized the Armenian genocide in 2019 and 2021.1921See Austria–United States relations1918-1928, 1991See Azerbaijan–United States relations1991See Belarus–United States relationsThe United States has tense relations with Belarus relating to Belarus' human rights record and election irregularities.1832See Belgium–United States relationsupright=1.21992See Bosnia and Herzegovina–United States relations1903See Bulgaria–United States relations1992See Croatia–United States relations1960See Cyprus–United States relations1993See Czech Republic–United States relations upright=1.21801See Denmark–United States relationsupright=1.21922; 1991See Estonia–United States relations1919See Finland–United States relationsupright=1.21778See France–United States relationsupright=1.2France was the first foreign state to establish diplomatic relations with the United States.1992See Georgia–United States relations1797See Germany–United States relationsupright=1.2In the political sphere, Germany stands at the center of European Union affairs and plays a key leadership role as a member of the G-7, G-20, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The United States recognizes that the security and prosperity of the United States and Germany significantly depend on each other.1868See Greece–United States relationsupright=1.21984See Holy See–United States relationsupright=1.21921See Hungary–United States relations1944See Iceland–United States relations1924See Ireland–United States relations250x250px1861See Italy–United States relationsupright=1.21991See Kazakhstan–United States relations1999See Kosovo–United States relationsThe United States was one of the first countries to recognize Kosovo. The UN Security Council divided on the question of Kosovo's declaration of independence. Kosovo declared its independence on February 17, 2008, whilst Serbia objected that Kosovo is part of its territory. Of the five members with veto power in the UN Security Council, the US, UK, and France recognized the declaration of independence, and China has expressed concern, while Russia considers it illegal. "In its declaration of independence, Kosovo committed itself to the highest standards of democracy, including freedom and tolerance and justice for citizens of all ethnic backgrounds", President George W. Bush said on February 19, 2008.Both countries enjoy excellent relationships.1922; 1991See Latvia–United States relations1997See Liechtenstein–United States relations1922; 1991See Lithuania–United States relationsupright=1.21903See Luxembourg–United States relations1964See Malta–United States relations1992See Moldova–United States relations2006See Monaco–United States relations1905; 2006See Montenegro–United States relations1781See Netherlands–United States relationsupright=1.2The Dutch colony of Sint Eustatius was the first foreign state to recognize the independence of the United States, doing so in 1776.However, the Dutch Republic neither authorized the recognition nor ratified it, therefore Morocco remains the first sovereign nation to officially recognize the United States.1995See North Macedonia–United States relations1905See Norway–United States relationsupright=1.21919See Poland–United States relationsupright=1.21791See Portugal–United States relations1880See Romania–United States relationsupright=1.21809; 1991See Russia–United States relationsupright=1.21861See San Marino–United States relations1882; 2002See Serbia–United States relations1993See Slovakia–United States relations1992See Slovenia–United States relations1783See Spain–United States relationsupright=1.21783See Sweden–United States relationsupright=1.21853See Switzerland–United States relations1831See Turkey–United States relations250px* United States has an embassy in Ankara, a Consulate General in Istanbul and a Consulate in Adana. * Turkey has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and Consulate Generals in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami and New York City. *Both countries are members of OECD, G20, NATO and WTO. *There are direct flights from Istanbul  to Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. *Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Washington, D.C.*Following its NATO membership in 1952 and subsequent hosting of the United States Air Force in Incirlik Air Base, Turkey became the bulwark of NATO's southeastern flank, the directly bordering Warsaw Pact countries. Turkey participated with the United States during the Korean War of the early 1950s and the Gulf War of 1990.1991See Ukraine–United States relations250x250px1783See United Kingdom–United States relations250x250pxSince World War II, the two countries have shared a Special Relationship as part of the Anglosphere. While both the United States and the United Kingdom maintain close relationships with many other nations around the world, the level of cooperation in military planning, execution of military operations, nuclear weapons technology, and intelligence sharing with each other has been described as "unparalleled" among major powers throughout the 20th and early 21st century. The United States and Britain share the world's largest foreign direct investment partnership. American investment in the United Kingdom reached $255.4 billion in 2002, while British direct investment in the United States totaled $283.3 billion.See United States–European Union relationsupright=1.2The European Union and the United States have the largest bilateral trade and investment relationship and enjoy the most integrated economic relationship in the world. Although overtaken by China in 2021 as the largest EU import source for goods, the US remains the EU's largest trade and investment partner, even without the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.=== Africa ======= North Africa ==== Country Formal relations beganNotes1962See Algeria–United States relationsThe official US presence in Algeria is expanding following over a decade of limited staffing, reflecting the general improvement in the security environment. During the past three years, the US embassy has moved toward more normal operations and now provides most embassy services to the American and Algerian communities.1922See Egypt–United States relationsupright=1.2After the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Egyptian foreign policy began to shift as a result of the change in Egypt's leadership from President Gamal Abdel-Nasser to Anwar Sadat and the emerging peace process between Egypt and Israel. Sadat realized that reaching a settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict is a precondition for Egyptian development. To achieve this goal, Sadat ventured to enhance Egypt–United States relations to foster a peace process with Israel.1951See Libya–United States relationsIn 2011, the United States cut diplomatic relations with the Gaddafi regime. The United States recognized the National Transitional Council as the legitimate government of Libya on July 15, 2011.1786See Morocco–United States relationsupright=1.2Morocco was the first sovereign nation to recognize the United States in 1777.American-Moroccan relations were formalized in a 1786 treaty, which is still in force and is the oldest unbroken bilateral treaty in American history.1956See Sudan–United States relations1795See Tunisia–United States relationsSee Arab–American relationsupright=1.2The Arab League has a representation headquarter, and several offices in the U.S.==== Sub-Saharan Africa ==== Country Formal relations beganNotes1994See Angola–United States relationsRelations were tense during the Angolan Civil War when the US government backed UNITA rebels, but have warmed since the Angolan government renounced Marxism in 1992.1960See Benin–United States relationsThe two nations have had an excellent history of relations in the years since Benin embraced democracy. The US government continues to assist Benin with the improvement of living standards that are key to the ultimate success of Benin's experiment with democratic government and economic liberalization, and are consistent with US values and national interest in reducing poverty and promoting growth. The bulk of the US effort in support of consolidating democracy in Benin is focused on long-term human resource development through USAID programs.1966See Botswana–United States relations1960See Burkina Faso–United States relations1962See Burundi–United States relations1960See Cameroon–United States relationsupright=1.21975See Cape Verde–United States relations1960See Central African Republic–United States relationsupright=1.21960See Chad–United States relations1977See Comoros–United States relations1960See Côte d'Ivoire–United States relations1960See Democratic Republic of the Congo–United States relationsupright=1.21977See Djibouti–United States relationsupright=1.21968See Equatorial Guinea–United States relationsupright=1.21993See Eritrea–United States relations1968See Eswatini–United States relationsupright=1.21903See Ethiopia–United States relations1960See Gabon–United States relationsupright=1.21957See Ghana–United States relations1959See Guinea–United States relations1975See Guinea-Bissau–United States relations1964See Kenya–United States relationsupright=1.21966See Lesotho–United States relations1864See Liberia–United States relations1874See Madagascar–United States relationsupright=1.21964See Malawi–United States relations1960See Mali–United States relations1960See Mauritania–United States relations1968See Mauritius–United States relations1975See Mozambique–United States relations1990See Namibia–United States relations1960See Niger–United States relations1960See Nigeria–United States relations1960See Republic of the Congo–United States relationsupright=1.21962See Rwanda–United States relationsupright=1.21976See São Tomé and Príncipe–United States relations1960See Senegal–United States relations1976See Seychelles–United States relations1961See Sierra Leone–United States relations1960See Somalia–United States relations1929See South Africa–United States relations2011See South Sudan–United States relationsupright=1.21961See Tanzania–United States relations1965See The Gambia–United States relations1960See Togo–United States relationsupright=1.21962See Uganda–United States relationsupright=1.2Bilateral relations between the United States and Uganda have been good since Yoweri Museveni assumed power, and the United States has welcomed his efforts to end human rights abuses and to pursue economic reform. Uganda is a strong supporter of the Global War on Terror. The United States is helping Uganda achieve export-led economic growth through the African Growth and Opportunity Act and provides a significant amount of development assistance. At the same time, the United States is concerned about continuing human rights problems and the pace of progress toward the establishment of genuine political pluralism.1964See United States–Zambia relationsThe diplomatic relationship between the United States and Zambia can be characterized as warm and cooperative. The United States works closely with the Zambian Government to defeat the HIV/AIDS pandemic that is ravaging Zambia, to promote economic growth and development, and to effect political reform needed to promote responsive and responsible government. The United States is also supporting the government's efforts to root out corruption. Zambia is a beneficiary of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). The US government provides a variety of technical assistance and other support that is managed by the Department of State, USAID, Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Threshold Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of the Treasury, Department of Defense, and the Peace Corps. The majority of US assistance is provided through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), in support of the fight against HIV/AIDS.1980See United States–Zimbabwe relationsAfter Morgan Tsvangirai, Mugabe's rival and leader of the Movement for Democratic Change, became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe under a power-sharing agreement, the Barack Obama administration extended its congratulations to Tsvangirai, but said that the US would wait for evidence of Mugabe's cooperation with the MDC before it would consider lifting its sanctions. In early March 2009, Obama proclaimed that US sanctions would be protracted provisionally for another year, because Zimbabwe's political crisis is as yet unresolved.=== Asia ======= West Asia and Middle East ====The United States has many important allies in the Greater Middle East region. These allies are Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Jordan, Afghanistan (formerly), Israel, Egypt, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar. Israel and Egypt are leading recipients of United States foreign aid, receiving $2.775 billion and 1.75 billion in 2010.Turkey is an ally of the United States through its membership in NATO, while all of the other countries except Saudi Arabia and Qatar are major non-NATO allies.The United States toppled the government of Saddam Hussein during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Turkey is host to approximately 90 B61 nuclear bombs at Incirlik Air Base. Other allies include Qatar, where 3,500 US troops are based, and Bahrain, where the United States Navy maintains NSA Bahrain, home of NAVCENT and the Fifth Fleet. Country Formal relations beganNotes1920; 1991See Armenia–United States relations * Armenia has an embassy in Washington, D.C.* United States has an embassy in Yerevan. * United States has recognized the Armenian genocide in 2019 and 2021.1918-1928, 1991See Azerbaijan–United States relations1971See Bahrain–United States relationsupright=1.21960See Cyprus–United States relations1922See Egypt–United States relationsupright=1.2After the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Egyptian foreign policy began to shift as a result of the change in Egypt's leadership from President Gamal Abdel-Nasser to Anwar Sadat and the emerging peace process between Egypt and Israel. Sadat realized that reaching a settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict is a precondition for Egyptian development. To achieve this goal, Sadat ventured to enhance Egypt–United States relations to foster a peace process with Israel.1992See Georgia–United States relations'''Diplomatic relations severed on 1980'''See Iran–United States relationsThe United States and the Sublime State of Iran recognized each other in 1850.Diplomatic relations were established in 1883 and severed in 1980.1931; 1984; 2004See Iraq–United States relationsupright=1.21949See Israel–United States relationsupright=1.21949See Jordan–United States relations250px1961See Kuwait–United States relationsupright=1.21944See Lebanon–United States relations1972See Oman–United States relations1972See Qatar–United States relationsupright=1.21940See Saudi Arabia–United States relationsupright=1.2'''Diplomatic relations severed on 2012'''See Syria–United States relationsThe Syrian Arab Republic cut off relations with United States in 2012 in response to American support of the Syrian rebels. 1831See Turkey–United States relations250px* United States has an embassy in Ankara, a Consulate General in Istanbul and a Consulate in Adana. * Turkey has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and Consulate Generals in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami and New York City. *Both countries are members of OECD, G20, NATO and WTO. *There are direct flights from Istanbul  to Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. *Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Washington, D.C.*Following its NATO membership in 1952 and subsequent hosting of the United States Air Force in Incirlik Air Base, Turkey became the bulwark of NATO's southeastern flank, the directly bordering Warsaw Pact countries. Turkey participated with the United States during the Korean War of the early 1950s and the Gulf War of 1990.1972See United Arab Emirates–United States relationsupright=1.2The United States was the third country to establish formal diplomatic relations with the UAE and has had an ambassador resident in the UAE since 1974.The two countries have enjoyed friendly relations with each other and have developed into friendly government-to-government ties which include security assistance. UAE and US had enjoyed private commercial ties, especially in petroleum. The quality of UAE–US relations increased dramatically as a result of the US-led coalition's campaign to end the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. UAE ports host more US Navy ships than any port outside the US. 1946See United States–Yemen relationsTraditionally, United States – Yemen relations have been tepid, as the lack of strong military-to-military ties, commercial relations, and support of Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh has hindered the development of strong bilateral ties. During the early years of the George W. Bush administration, relations improved under the rubric of the War on Terror, though Yemen's lack of policies toward wanted terrorists has stalled additional US support.==== Central Asia ==== Country Formal relations beganNotes1991See Kazakhstan–United States relations1993See Kyrgyzstan–United States relations1991See Tajikistan–United States relationsupright=1.21991See Turkmenistan–United States relationsThe US embassy, USAID, and the Peace Corps are located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The United States and Turkmenistan continue to disagree about the country's path toward democratic and economic reform. The United States has publicly advocated industrial privatization, market liberalization, and fiscal reform, as well as legal and regulatory reforms to open up the economy to foreign trade and investment, as the best way to achieve prosperity and true independence and sovereignty.1991See United States–Uzbekistan relationsRelations improved slightly in the latter half of 2007, but the U.S.A. continues to call for Uzbekistan to meet all of its commitments under the March 2002 Declaration of Strategic Partnership between the two countries. The declaration covers not only security and economic relations but political reform, economic reform, and human rights. Uzbekistan has Central Asia's largest population and is vital to US, regional, and international efforts to promote stability and security.==== South Asia ==== Country Formal relations beganNotes1935See Afghanistan–United States relationsIn 2021, the Taliban overthrew the U.S.-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan concurrent with the withdrawal of U.S. troops, leading to the relocation of the U.S. Embassy in Kabul to Doha, Qatar. On November 12, 2021, the U.S. announced that an interests section would open at the Embassy of Qatar in Kabul on December 31, to serve as the protecting power for the U.S. in Afghanistan. The Islamic Republic's diplomatic missions to the U.S. operated independently for several months before shutting down operations and transferring custody of the properties to the U.S. State Department on March 16, 2022.Afghanistan has no protecting power in the U.S.1972See Bangladesh–United States relationsToday the relationship between the two countries is based on what is described by American diplomats as the "three Ds", meaning Democracy, Development and Denial of space for terrorism. The United States is closely working with Bangladesh in combating Islamic extremism and terrorism and is providing hundreds of millions of dollars every year in economic assistance.Does not have formal, only informal relationsSee Bhutan–United States relationsWhile the United States has no formal diplomatic relations with Bhutan, it maintains informal contact through its embassy in New Delhi, India. The US has offered to resettle 60,000 of the 107,000 Bhutanese refugees of Nepalese origin now living in seven UN refugee camps in southeastern Nepal.1947See India–United States relationsupright=1.2The relationships between India in the days of the British Raj and the US were thin. Swami Vivekananda promoted Yoga and Vedanta in America at the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago, during the World's Fair in 1893.Mark Twain visited India in 1896 and described it in his travelogue ''Following the Equator'' with both revulsion and attraction before concluding that India was the only foreign land he dreamed about or longed to see again. Regarding India, Americans learned more from English writer Rudyard Kipling. Mahatma Gandhi had an important influence on the philosophy of non-violence promoted by Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1950s.At present, India and the US share an extensive and expanding cultural, strategic, military, and economic relationship which is in the phase of implementing ''confidence building measures'' (CBM) to overcome the legacy of ''trust deficit'' – brought about by adversarial US foreign policies and multiple instances of technology denial – which have plagued the relationship over several decades. Unrealistic expectations after the conclusion of the 2008 India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement (which underestimated negative public opinion regarding the long-term viability of nuclear power generation and civil-society endorsement for contractual guarantees on safeguards and liability) has given way to pragmatic realism and refocus on areas of cooperation which enjoy favourable political and electoral consensus.1965See Maldives–United States relations1947See Nepal–United States relations1947See Pakistan–United States relationsThe United States relationship with Pakistan weakened after the United States troops withdraws Afghanistan in 2021.Pakistan declined an invitation to the US's 'Summit for Democracy' under the Biden administration.1947See Sri Lanka–United States relations==== East Asia ==== Country Formal relations beganNotes''1844 (Qing)''1979 (PRC)See China–United States relations and East Asia island arcsupright=1.2The United States and the People's Republic of China have extensive yet complex economic relationships and partnerships. A great amount of trade between the two countries necessitates positive economic relations, although occasional disagreements over tariffs, currency exchange rates, intellectual property theft, and the political status of Taiwan occurs. The United States has criticized China on such human rights issues as the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, the persecution of Falun Gong, and more recently the mass detaining of Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and other ethnic and religious minorities in Xinjiang, as well the forced sinicization of Mongols and Tibetans. China has criticized the United States on human rights issues in response and accused the latter of "interfering in China's internal affairs". The United States acknowledges the PRC's One-China policy.The relations deteriorated sharply under Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping, with issues such as China's militarization of the South China Sea and Chinese espionage in the United States arising. U.S. president Donald Trump launched a trade war against China, banned U.S. companies from selling equipment to Huawei, increased visa restrictions on Chinese students and scholars, and designated China as a "currency manipulator". The more confrontational policy has endured during the Biden administration, which focuses on China's treatment of Hong Kong, the threats against Taiwan, the Uyghur genocide, and Chinese cyberwarfare. In response, China has adopted "wolf warrior diplomacy" to counter allegations they see as incorrect and damaging to the American-Chinese dialogue. ''1844 (Qing)''1911 (ended in 1979)1979 (Taiwan Relations Act - unofficial)2018 (Taiwan Travel Act) - high-level working partnershipSee Taiwan–United States relationsThe United States recognized the Nationalist Government as the legitimate government of all of China throughout the Chinese Civil War. The U.S. continued to recognize the Republic of China until 1979, when it shifted its recognition to the People's Republic of China in accordance with the One China policy, where the U.S. 'acknowledge', or take note of, the Chinese position on Taiwan but not 'recognizing' or accepting it, which allows the U.S. flexibility to pursue unofficial but robust relations with Taipei. The U.S. continued to provide Taiwan with military aid after 1979, and continued informal relations through the American Institute in Taiwan, and Taiwan is considered to be a strong Asian ally and supporter of the United States. The U.S. Congress passed the Taiwan Travel Act on February 28, 2018, and the bill was subsequently signed into federal law by President Donald Trump, formalizing high-level communications between Washington and Taipei as well as permitting intergovernmental contact at the highest level.1992See Hong Kong–United States relationsU.S. foreign policy toward Hong Kong, grounded in a determination to promote Hong Kong's prosperity, autonomy, and way of life, is stated in the U.S.–Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992.It rules that the U.S. would continue to treat Hong Kong apart from the People's Republic of China even after the 1997 transfer of sovereignty marking the end of British rule. The United States maintains substantial economic and political interests in Hong Kong. The United States supports Hong Kong's autonomy by concluding and implementing bilateral agreements; promoting trade and investment; arranging high-level visits; broadening law enforcement cooperation; bolstering educational, academic, and cultural links; and supporting the large community of U.S. citizens and visitors.1999 See Macau–United States relationsIn recognition of Macau's high degree of autonomy, the United States continues to treat Macau as a "special area" distinct from the People's Republic of China. Macau's clothes and textiles continued to enter the United States under quotas separated from those of China. Under the terms of a September 2000 bilateral Memorandum of Understanding, Macau and the U.S. government cooperate in enforcing textile quotas and preventing illegal trans-shipment. The United States continued periodic visits by U.S. Customs Textile Production Verification Teams to ensure compliance with Macau bilateral textile commitments.1854, 1952See Japan–United States relationsupright=1.2The relationship began in the 1850s, as the United States was a major factor in forcing Japan to resume contacts with the outer world beyond a very restricted role. In the late 19th century, the Japanese sent many delegations to Europe, and some to the U.S., to discover and copy the latest technology and thereby modernize Japan very rapidly and allow it to build its own empire. There was some friction over control of Hawaii and the Philippines, but Japan stood aside as the U.S. annexed those lands in 1898.Likewise, the U.S. did not object when Japan took control of Korea. The two nations cooperated with the European powers in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900, but the U.S. was increasingly troubled about Japan's denial of the Open Door Policy that would ensure that all nations could do business with China on an equal basis.President Theodore Roosevelt admired Japan's strength as it defeated a major European power, Russia. He brokered an end to the war between Russia and Japan in 1905–6.Anti-Japanese sentiment (especially on the West Coast) soured relations in the 1907–24 era. In the 1930s, the U.S. protested vehemently against Japan's seizure of Manchuria (1931), its war against China (1937–45), and its seizure of Indochina (Vietnam) 1940–41.American sympathies were with China and Japan rejected increasingly angry American demands that Japan pull out of China. The two nations fought an all-out war 1941–45; the U.S. won a total victory, with heavy bombing (including two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki) that devastated Japan's 50 largest industrial cities. The U.S. Army under Douglas MacArthur occupied and ruled Japan, 1945–51, with the successful goal of sponsoring a peaceful, prosperous and democratic nation.In 1951, the United States and Japan signed Treaty of San Francisco and Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan, subsequently revised as Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan in 1960, relations since then have been excellent. The United States considers Japan to be one of its closest allies, and it is both a Major Non-NATO ally and NATO contact country. The United States has several military bases in Japan including Yokosuka, which harbors the US 7th Fleet. The JSDF, or Japanese Self Defense Force, cross-train with the U.S. military, often providing auxiliary security and conducting war games.1987See Mongolia–United States relations290px''1882 (Joseon)''; Only Informal Relations with the DPRKSee North Korea–United States relations'''Diplomatic relations severed in 2018'''250px1809; 1991See Russia–United States relationsupright=1.2''1882 (Joseon)''; 1949 (Republic)See South Korea–United States relations250pxSouth Korea–United States relations have been most extensive since 1945, when the United States helped establish capitalism in South Korea and led the UN-sponsored Korean War against North Korea and China (1950–53). South Korea's rapid economic growth, democratization and modernization greatly reduced its U.S. dependency. Large numbers of U.S. forces remain in South Korea. On September 24, 2018, U.S. president Donald Trump signed a renegotiated trade agreement with South Korean President Moon Jae-in.==== Southeast Asia ====Many countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are important partners for United States in both economic and geostrategic aspects. ASEAN's geostrategic importance stems from many factors, including: the strategic location of member countries, the large shares of global trade that pass through regional waters, and the alliances and partnerships which the United States shares with ASEAN member states. In July 2009, the United States signed ASEAN's Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, which establishes guiding principles intended to build confidence among its signatories with the aim of maintaining regional peace and stability. Trade flows are robust and increasing between America and the ASEAN region. Country Formal relations beganNotes1984See Brunei–United States relationsThe United States welcomed Brunei Darussalam's full independence from the United Kingdom on January 1, 1984, and opened an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan on that date. Brunei opened its embassy in Washington, D.C. in March 1984.Brunei's armed forces engage in joint exercises, training programs, and other military cooperation with the US. A memorandum of understanding on defense cooperation was signed on November 29, 1994.The Sultan of Brunei visited Washington in December 2002.1950See Cambodia–United States relationsupright=1.22002See East Timor–United States relations1949See Indonesia–United States relationsupright=1.2As the largest ASEAN member, Indonesia has played an active and prominent role in developing the organization. For United States, Indonesia is important for dealing with certain issues; such as terrorism, democracy, and how United States project its relations with Islamic world, since Indonesia has the world's largest Islamic population, and one that honors and respects religious diversity. The United States views Indonesia as a potential strategic ally in Southeast Asia. During his stately visit to Indonesia, US president Barack Obama has held up Indonesia as an example of how a developing nation can embrace democracy and diversity.1950See Laos–United States relationsupright=1.21957See Malaysia–United States relationsDespite increasingly strained relations under the Mahathir Mohamad government, ties have been thawed under Najib Razak's administration. Economic ties are particularly robust, with the United States being Malaysia's largest trading partner and Malaysia is the tenth-largest trading partner of the US. Annual bilateral trade amounts to $50 billion. The United States and Malaysia launched negotiations for a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) in June 2006.The United States and Malaysia enjoy strong security cooperation. Malaysia hosts the Southeast Asia Regional Center for Counterterrorism (SEARCCT), where over 2000 officials from various countries have received training. The United States is among the foreign countries that has collaborated with the center in conducting capacity building programmes. The United States and Malaysia share a strong military-to-military relationship with numerous exchanges, training, joint exercises, and visits.1948See Myanmar–United States relationsBilateral ties have generally been strained but are slowly improving. The United States has placed broad sanctions on Burma because of the military crackdown in 1988 and the military regime's refusal to honour the election results of the 1990 People's Assembly election. Similarly, the European Union has placed embargoes on Burma, including an arms embargo, cessation of trade preferences, and suspension of all aid with the exception of humanitarian aid.US and European government sanctions against the military government, alongside boycotts and other types direct pressure on corporations by western supporters of the Burmese democracy movement, have resulted in the withdrawal from Burma of most United States and many European companies. However, several Western companies remain due to loopholes in the sanctions. Asian corporations have generally remained willing to continue investing in Myanmar and to initiate new investments, particularly in natural resource extraction.Ongoing reforms have improved relations between Burma and the United States. However the Rohingya Crisis has been deteriorating ties.1946See Philippines–United States relationsupright=1.2The Philippines and the United States have an extremely strong relationship with each other due to their long-standing alliance. The Philippine-USA links stretch back in time. The first Asians in the Americas were the Filipinos.The first recorded advent of Filipinos in what is now the United States date to October 1587 around Morro Bay, California, with the first permanent settlement in Louisiana in 1763, they were named "Manilamen" and they served in the Battle of New Orleans during the closing stages of the War of 1812, when the British Empire and American Republic once again went to war against each other as Filipinos in Saint Malo supported the American side against the British Empire. One American state, due to it being a former Spanish territory, Texas, was even once called "The New Philippines", so named since the Spanish wanted to replicate the prosperity they achieved in the Philippines, in that territory in the Americas.The Spanish government ceded the Philippines to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War and led to the Philippine–American War. The Philippines was a United States colony from 1898 to 1946.The United States finally recognized Philippine independence on July 4, 1946, in the Treaty of Manila. July 4 was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until August 4, 1964, when, upon the advice of historians and the urging of nationalists, President Diosdado Macapagal signed into law Republic Act No. 4166 designating June 12 as the country's Independence Day.The United States and the Philippines have fought together in many conflicts such as World War I, World War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War, Islamic insurgency in the Philippines, Gulf War and the War on Terror.The Philippines and the United States still maintain close, friendly, diplomatic, political and military relations with more than 100,000 US citizens and nationals living in the Philippines and more than 4 million Filipinos living in the United States. Both countries actively cooperate in the trade, investment and financial sectors. The US is also the largest investor in the Philippine economy with an estimated total worth of $63 billion.The United States and the Philippines conduct joint military exercises called the Balikatan that take place once a year to boost relations between the two countries. The US military also conducts humanitarian and aid missions in the Philippines. The Philippines is one out of two major US allies in South East Asia.Since 2003 the US has designated the Philippines as a Major non-NATO ally. However, relations between the United States and the Philippines began to deteriorate in 2016 with Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte wanting to form an alliance with China and Russia and separating the country from all connections and ties with the United States, both economically and socially.1965See Singapore–United States relationsupright=1.21833See Thailand–United States relationsThailand and the United States are both former Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) members, being close partners throughout the Cold War, and are still close allies. Since 2003, the United States has designated Thailand as a major non-NATO ally.1950See United States–Vietnam relationsupright=1.2After a 20-year hiatus of severed ties, President Bill Clinton announced the formal normalization of diplomatic relations with Vietnam on July 11, 1995.Subsequent to President Clinton's normalization announcement, in August 1995, both nations upgraded their Liaison Offices opened during January 1995 to embassy status. As diplomatic ties between the nations grew, the United States opened a consulate general in Ho Chi Minh City, and Vietnam opened a consulate in San Francisco. Today, the United States views Vietnam as a potential strategic ally in Southeast Asia.=== Oceania === Country Formal relations beganNotes1940See Australia–United States relationsupright=1.2Australia and the United States have long been close and strategic allies and have traditionally been aligned with the Commonwealth of Nations. The two countries have a shared history, both have previously been British Colonies and many Americans flocked to the Australian goldfields in the 19th century. At the strategic level, the relationship really came to prominence in the Second World War, when the two nations worked extremely closely in the Pacific War against Japan, with General Douglas MacArthur undertaking his role as Supreme Allied Commander based in Australia, effectively having Australian troops and resources under his command. During this period, the cultural interaction between Australia and the United States were elevated to a higher level as over 1 million US military personnel moved through Australia during the course of the war. The relationship continued to evolve throughout the second half of the 20th century, and today now involves strong relationships at the executive and mid levels of government and the military, leading Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Kurt M. Campbell to declare that "in the last ten years, Australia has ascended to one of the closest one or two allies of the US on the planet". It was also strengthened its relationship with the United States as Britain's influence in Asia declined. At the governmental level, United States-Australia relations are formalized by the ANZUS treaty and the Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement.1995The Cook Islands are an Associated State of New Zealand and has consular relations with the United States, in addition as early as 1980, the two sides signed the Cook Islands-United States Maritime Boundary Treaty. On September 25, 2023, the two sides established diplomatic relations.1971See Fiji–United States relationsRelations are currently steady since Fiji's elections in September 2014.The United States had opposed Fiji's unelected government, which came to power through a military coup in December 2006.The United States suspended $2.5 million in aid money pending a review of the situation, following the 2006 coup.1980See Kiribati–United States relationsRelations between Kiribati and the United States are excellent. Kiribati signed a treaty of friendship with the United States after independence in 1979.The United States has no consular or diplomatic facilities in the country. Officers of the American Embassy in Suva, Fiji, are concurrently accredited to Kiribati and make periodic visits. The US Peace Corps maintained a program in Kiribati from 1974 to 2008.1986See Marshall Islands–United States relationsThe Marshall Islands is a sovereign nation in "free association" with the United States. The Marshall Islands and the United States maintain excellent relations. After more than a decade of negotiation, the Marshall Islands and the United States signed the Compact of Free Association on June 25, 1983.The Compact gives the US full authority and responsibility over defense of the Marshall Islands. The Marshall Islands and the United States both lay claim to Wake Island. The Compact that binds the Marshall Islands and the United States is the same one that binds the United States and the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau.1986See Federated States of Micronesia–United States relationsupright=1.2Reflecting a strong legacy of Trusteeship cooperation, over 25 US federal agencies continue to maintain programs in the FSM. The United States and the FSM share very strong relations. Under the Amended Compact, the US has full authority and responsibility for the defense of the FSM. This security relationship can be changed or terminated by mutual agreement. The Compact that binds the US and the FSM is the same one that binds the United States to the Marshall Islands and to Palau.1976See Nauru–United States relationsRelations between Nauru and the United States are complicated. While the new US ambassador to Fiji has promised Nauru assistance in economic development, there have been disagreements about Cuba and Foreign policy of the United States, and the United States does not have an embassy in Nauru; instead, the US embassy staff in Suva, Fiji make periodical visits.1942See New Zealand–United States relationsupright=1.2United States-New Zealand relations are strong, but complex. The United States has historically assisted New Zealand in times of turmoil; for instance, during World War II, US bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and with the September 2010 Canterbury earthquake and the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. New Zealand has reciprocated; for example, by participating in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. However, the United States suspended its mutual defense obligations to New Zealand because of the state's non-nuclear policies. In 1996, the United States under President Bill Clinton reinstated New Zealand's status from a 'friend' to an 'ally' by designating New Zealand as a Major non-NATO ally. Despite disagreements between the two countries, the bilateral trade, security, and cultural relationship continued to flourish. New Zealand continued to play a supportive role in international conflicts in Somalia, Bosnia, and the Persian Gulf. New Zealand and the United States are close collaborators in the international intelligence alliance, Five Eyes, which is one of the most comprehensive known espionage alliances in history. Following the 9/11 attacks on the United States in 2001, New Zealand supported international counter-terrorism efforts and assisted the United States throughout the war in Afghanistan. Throughout the 2000s, the United States has remained New Zealand's  fourth-largest trading partner and third-largest source of visitors.25 September 2023Niue is an Associated State of New Zealand. In 1997, the United States and Niue signed a maritime boundary treaty that included the following statement: "Prior to signing the treaty, the political status of Niue was addressed. Niue is in free association with New Zealand. On internal matters it is self-governing. Niue conducts its foreign affairs in conjunction with New Zealand. Niue has declared and does manage its exclusive economic zone. The United States requested, and received, confirmation from New Zealand that the Government of Niue had the competence to enter into this agreement with the United States." On September 25, 2023, the two sides established diplomatic relations.1996See Palau–United States relationsOn October 1, 1994, after five decades of US administration, the country of Palau became the last component of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to gain its independence. In 1978, Palau decided not to join the Federated States of Micronesia, due to culture and language differences, and instead sought independence. In 1986, the Compact of Free Association agreement between Palau and the United States was approved, paving the way for Palau's independence.1975See Papua New Guinea–United States relations196219781886; 1972See Tonga–United States relations1978See Tuvalu–United States relationsRelations between the two countries are generally amicable, or neutral, but there have been notable disagreements regarding the issues of climate change and the Kyoto Protocol. 1986See United States–Vanuatu relationsThe United States and Vanuatu established diplomatic relations on September 30, 1986 - three months to the day after Vanuatu had established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Relations were often tense in the 1980s, under the prime ministership of Father Walter Lini in Vanuatu, but eased after that. At present, bilateral relations consist primarily in United States aid to Vanuatu.
Countries with strained relations with the United States ===Current===* Afghanistan* Belarus* Burkina Faso* Burundi* Cambodia* Central African Republic* China* Cuba* Eritrea* Iran* Kyrgyzstan* Mali* Myanmar* Nicaragua* North Korea* Pakistan* Russia* Syria* Venezuela* Zimbabwe===Formerly===* Afghanistan (1978-1992, 1996-2001) (Again currently)* Albania (1946-1976)* Algeria (1967-1974)* Angola (1976-1993)* Argentina (1982)* Azerbaijan (1992-2002)* Benin (1975–1990)* Bolivia (2006-2019)* Brazil (2013-2015)* Bulgaria (1946–1990)* Burundi (2015-2021) (Again currently)* Cambodia (1965-1969, 1975-1994) (Again currently)* Canada (1812-1815)* Chile (1970-1973)* China (1949-1972, 1989-2001) (Again currently)* Colombia (1996-1997)* Republic of the Congo (1965-1977)* Costa Rica (1980s)*  Czechoslovakia (1948-1990)* Ecuador (2012-2017)* Equatorial Guinea (1976-1979)* Egypt (1965-1974)* Ethiopia (1980-1992)* Germany (1941-1945)*Ghana (1960s)* Grenada (1979–1983)*Guinea (2008-2010)*Guyana (1961-1964)*Haiti (1986, 1993-1994)*Honduras (2009)* Hungary (1949–1989)*India (1963-1980)* (1990-2003)* Italy (1941-1945)*Japan (1931-1945)*Kenya (1992-2000)*Kyrgyzstan (2006)*Laos (1975-1992)*Liberia (1971-1980)* Libya (1969-2011)*Madagascar (1975-1980)* Malawi (2011)*Mauritania (1967-1969, 1991)*Mexico (1846-1848)*Mongolia (1940s-1987)*Mozambique (1977-1983)* Myanmar (1988-2011) (Again currently)*Nicaragua (1978, 1981-1990, 2016-2018)*Nigeria (1969-1977, 1993-1998)*Pakistan (1990-1998)*Panama (1988-1989)*Peru (1989)* Poland (1947-1989)* Rhodesia (1965-1979)* Serbia and Montenegro (1990-2003)*South Africa (1999-2008)* South Yemen (1970–1990)*Sudan (1974-1976, 1989-2019)*Sweden (1968-1970)*Uganda (1972-1979)*Uzbekistan (2005-2007)*Vietnam (1975-1994)*Zambia (2019)
Countries with visa services suspended * *
Countries with no embassy *  (Since 2021, the U.S. Embassy has been operating out of Qatar. There is also a U.S. Interests Section at the Qatari Embassy in Kabul. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Spain is also accredited to Andorra; the U.S. Consul General in Barcelona is responsible for day-to-day relations)*  (U.S. embassy and consulates for Antigua and Barbuda are located in Barbados)*  (Contact is made via the Government of India at the U.S. embassy in New Delhi. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Madagascar is also accredited to Comoros. )*  (U.S. embassy and consulates for Dominica are located in Barbados)*  (U.S. embassy and consulates for Grenada are located in Barbados)*  (Contact is made at the U.S. embassy in Senegal, and there is also a presence of the United States in Guinea-Bissau through a Liaison Office in Bissau and a  virtual presence post online; there currently are no Guinea-Bissauan consulates for the United States, except for a permanent mission to the UN in New York)*  (inactive, U.S. Interests Section at the Swiss Embassy acts as a de facto embassy. Since December 2011, the U.S. has also maintained a  virtual embassy online. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Fiji is also accredited to Kiribati. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Sri Lanka is also accredited to Maldives. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to France is also accredited to Monaco; the U.S. Consul General in Marseilles is responsible for day-to-day relations. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Fiji is also accredited to Nauru. )*  (Contact is made via the government of Sweden through its embassy in Pyongyang)*  (U.S. embassy and consulates for Saint Kitts and Nevis are located in Barbados)*  (U.S. embassy and consulates for Saint Lucia are located in Barbados)*  (U.S. embassy and consulates for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are located in Barbados)*  (the U.S. ambassador to New Zealand is also accredited to Samoa. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Italy is also accredited to San Marino; the U.S. Consul General in Florence is responsible for day-to-day relations. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Gabon is also accredited to São Tomé and Príncipe. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Mauritius is also accredited to Seychelles. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Fiji is also accredited to Tonga. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Fiji is also accredited to Tuvalu. )*  (the U.S. ambassador to Papua New Guinea is also accredited to Vanuatu. )* other:  (UN observer state; the United States does not recognize the State of Palestine. The United States formerly was represented through a consulate in Jerusalem accredited to the Palestinian Authority, which was merged with its Jerusalem embassy to Israel)
Unrecognized countries with only informal relations with the United States *  (from 1979)
Former countries * Grand Duchy of Baden* Kingdom of Bavaria* Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg* Federal Republic of Central America* Greater Republic of Central America* Congo Free State* Czechoslovakia* East Germany* Republic of Genoa* German Empire* Kingdom of Hanover* Hanseatic Republics* Hawaiian Kingdom* Grand Duchy of Hesse* Mecklenburg-Schwerin* Mecklenburg-Strelitz* Duchy of Nassau* North German Confederation* Grand Duchy of Oldenburg* Orange Free State* Ottoman Empire* Papal States* Duchy of Parma* Prussia* Russian Empire* Ryukyu Kingdom* Kingdom of Sardinia* Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe* Soviet Union* Republic of Texas* Grand Duchy of Tuscany* Kingdom of the Two Sicilies* Kingdom of Württemberg* Yugoslavia
See also * Criticism of United States foreign policy* East Asia–United States relations* Emigration from the United States* Foreign policy of the United States* History of United States foreign policy* Immigration to the United States* List of diplomatic missions in the United States* List of diplomatic missions of the United States* Major non-NATO ally* United States foreign aid* Visa policy of the United States* State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)* United States foreign adversaries
Notes
References
External links *  Guide to Countries, Office of the Historian, US Department of State