List of Scottish breeds
Introduction This is a '''list of domestic animal breeds originating in Scotland'''. To be considered domesticated, a population of animals must have their behaviour, life cycle, or physiology systemically altered as a result of being under human control for many generations.Scotland has produced some of the longest-established domestic animal breeds. There are thirty-seven extant animal breeds from Scotland, and three that are extinct. The Soay Sheep has prehistoric origins, and the Galloway breed of beef cattle dates back several hundred years. New breeds have also been developed more recently in Scotland, such as the Scottish Fold cat, which dates from 1961.The North Ronaldsay Sheep is a most unusual breed, subsisting largely on a diet of seaweed. The Boreray was in 2012 the only sheep breed listed by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust as 'critical', its highest level of concern at that time; in 2022 it was listed as 'at risk', the lower of the two levels of concern of the Trust. Some breeds, such as the Shetland Pony and the Border Collie are well known throughout much of the Western world, whilst others such as the Scots Dumpy chicken are little-known, even at home. Fifteen breeds of dog have Scottish origins, including six terrier breeds. Indeed, the relative isolation of many Scottish islands has led to a preponderance of breeds from these places being represented. Various breeds are now extinct, including the Grice, an archaic and somewhat aggressive pig.
Breeds === Cats === Breed      Image    Place and date of origin      Status Scottish Fold180px Coupar Angus, 1961rare=== Cattle === Breed      Image    Place and date of origin      Status  Aberdeen Angus180pxAberdeenshire, Angus, 18th centurynot at riskAyrshire180pxAyrshire, before 1800not at riskBelted Galloway180pxGalloway, 17–18th centuryrareGalloway180pxGalloway, 700–1100not at riskHighland180pxWest Highlands, before 1800not at riskLuing180pxLuing, after 1947 not at riskShetland180pxShetland, 700–1100at risk=== Chickens === Breed      Image    Place and date of origin      Status  Scots Dumpy Highlands, 11th centurypriority; rare Scots Grey240x240px Lanarkshire, 16th centurypriority; rare=== Dogs === Breed   Image    Place and date of origin      Status Bearded Collie180px Highlands, 16th centuryvulnerable native breed Border Collie180px Scottish Borders, late 19th centurynot at risk  Border Terrier180px Scottish Borders, 1700snot at risk  Cairn Terrier180px Scottish highlands, 16th–19th centurynot at risk  Dandie Dinmont180px Skye and Scottish Borders, mid-18th century or earlier vulnerable native breed  Golden Retriever180px Glen Affric, 1865not at risk  Gordon Setter180px Moray, 1700svulnerable native breed  Rough Collie180px Scottish Highlands, 19th centurynot at risk  Smooth Collie180px Scotland, 19th centuryvulnerable native breed Scottish Terrier 180px                   Aberdeen, 15th–16th centuryat risk Scottish Deerhound 180px Probably the Highlands, possibly in the Middle Ages vulnerable native breed  Shetland Sheepdogor Sheltie 180px 1900snot at risk Skye Terrier180px Skye, before 1588vulnerable native breed  West Highland White Terrieror Westie 180px Skye & Argyll, 16th centurynot at risk=== Geese === Breed     Image    Place and date of origin      Status Shetland Shetland, unknownUK and US - priority; critical=== Horses === Breed      Image    Place and date of origin      Status  Clydesdale180px Clydesdale, 1750sat risk  Eriskay Pony180px Hebridescritical  Highland Pony180px Highlands and Islands, 16th centuryat risk  Shetland Pony180px Shetland, B.C.not at risk=== Sheep === Breed    Image    Place and date of origin      Status Boreray180px St Kilda, Scotland, 1930scritical Castlemilk Moorit180px Dumfriesshire, from more ancient Scottish and other breeds including Soay and Shetland, 1900scritical Cheviot180px Scottish Borders, 14th century or earliernot at risk Hebridean180px Cumbria, probably from sheep from the Hebrides, 19th centuryrare North Country Cheviot180px Cheviot Hills, Caithness, Sutherland, 18th centuryUK and North America North Ronaldsay180px North Ronaldsay, Iron Agerare Scottish Blackface180px Scottish Borders, about 1500not at risk Shetland180px Shetland, Iron AgeUK and North America Soay180px Soay, St Kilda, Neolithic or Bronze Agerare
Extinct breeds A Paisley TerrierPrior to their demise, the Paisley Terrier contributed to the bloodline of the Yorkshire Terrier and the Scottish Tan Face to the Boreray sheep. Although Galloway Ponies were praised by Gervaise Markham in the 17th century for their "fine shape, easie pace, pure metall and infinit toughness", true to form Samuel Johnson described them as "common hackneys". It shares its origins with the still extant Fell Pony. A model of the Grice, whose habit of attacking lambs cannot have aided its survival, was recreated by a taxidermist in 2006.Breed Species Date of Origin Location of Origin Date of extinction Paisley Terrier or Clydesdale TerrierDog19th centuryPaisley, Clyde Valley20th century Galloway PonyHorse16th century or earlierGallowaypost 1901 GricePigUnknownHighlands and Islands (also Ireland)c. 1930 Scottish Dunface or Old Scottish ShortwoolSheepIron AgeHighlands and Islands (previously British Isles)late 19th century (Survives as Shetland, Boreray, North Ronaldsay, Hebridean.)
See also * Fauna of Scotland* Shetland animal breeds* Scottish inventions and discoveries
References