Euspira nitida
Introduction '''''Euspira nitida''''' (common name : common necklace shell) is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.
Distribution The common necklace shell is a common sea snail occurring in the sublittoral zone and deeper waters (exceptionally up to 2,000 m) along sandy coasts of the North Sea, from France to Norway, and the North East Atlantic (Iceland). It is also common in the Mediterranean Sea. It can be frequently found in great numbers washed ashore on beaches. It has been present in the North Sea since the Pliocene.
Description of the shell The globular shell is rather small with a low spire : max. 16 mm high and 14 mm wide. The shell has a rather pointed apex. There are 5 to 6 gently convex whorls with an undeep suture. The body whorl is strongly rounded and covers almost the whole shell. The aperture is rather ovate and has a smooth outer lip. A siphonal canal is lacking. The umbilicus is partly covered with a callus. The horny operculum is composed of corneous material. The surface of the shell is smooth and shiny and lacks sculpture. Its color is a pale brown-yellow stained with orange to red-brown spots, arranged in four to five spiral lines. The shell of washed up specimens shows often a blue-black discoloration.
Taxonomy ''Euspira nitida'' ''(Donovan, 1804)'' is the earliest available name for the common, shallow water, small-sized ''Euspira'' species that, in the Atlantic, has been called ''alderi'', and in the Mediterranean has been called ''pulchella''. Donovan's name was based on albino specimens of this species, which is why the name ''nitida'' has in the past been wrongly rejected by some authors as that of an "exotic" or "tropical" species.There are many synonyms for this species * ''Euspira poliana'' (Delle Chiaje, 1826)* ''Euspira pulchella'' (Risso, 1826)* ''Lunatia alderi'' (Forbes, 1838)* ''Lunatia intermedia'' (Philippi, 1836)* ''Lunatia poliana'' (Della Chiaje, 1826)* ''Lunatia pulchella'' (Risso, 1826)* ''Lunatica nitida'' (Donovan, 1804)* ''Natica alderi'' Forbes, 1838* ''Natica alderi'' var. ''elata'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883* ''Natica alderi'' var. ''globulosa'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883* ''Natica alderi'' var. ''lactea'' Jeffreys, 1867* ''Natica alderi'' var. ''subovalis'' Jeffreys, 1867* ''Natica alderi'' var. ''ventricosa'' Jeffreys, 1867* ''Natica complanata'' Locard, 1886* ''Natica intermedia'' Philippi, 1836 (Invalid: junior homonym of ''Natica intermedia'' Deshayes, 1832)* ''Natica neustriaca'' Locard, 1886* ''Natica nitida'' (Donovan, 1804)* ''Natica parvula'' Tapparone Canefri, 1869* ''Natica poliana'' Delle Chiaje, 1826* ''Natica pulchella'' Risso, 1826* ''Nerita nitida'' Donovan, 1804 (original combination)* ''Nerita poliana'' Delle Chiaje, 1830* ''Polinices (Euspira) pulchellus'' (Risso, 1826)* ''Polinices (Lunatia) alderi'' (Forbes, 1838)* ''Polinices (Lunatia) intermedia'' (Philippi, 1836)* ''Polinices (Lunatia) poliana'' (Delle Chiaje, 1826)* ''Polinices alderi'' (Forbes, 1838)* ''Polinices pulchella'' (Risso, 1826)
References * Huelsken T., Marek K., Schreiber S., Schmidt I. & Hollmann M. (2008). ''The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses.'' Zootaxa 1770: 1-40
Sources * Partly based on the Duch article : :nl:Glanzende tepelhoren
Further reading *  , 1962. ''British Prosobranch Molluscs.'' Adlard & Son Ltd, for Ray Society, London, 755 pp. * , 1981. ''The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark, 6.- Cerithiacea, Strombacea, Hipponicacea, Calyptraeacea, Lamellariacea, Cypraeacea, Naticacea, Tonnacea, Heteropoda.'' Journal of Molluscan Studies, Supplement 9, pp. 285–363. *Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213* Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp* Huelsken T., Marek K., Schreiber S., Schmidt I. & Hollmann M. (2008). The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses. Zootaxa 1770: 1-40* de Bruyne, R.H.; Bank, R.A.; Adema, J.P.H.M. ; Perk, F.A. (1994). Nederlandse naamlijst van de weekdieren (Mollusca) van Nederland en Belgie: feestuitgave ter gelegenheid van het zestig-jarig jubileum van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging Dutch namelist of the Mollusca from the Netherlands and Belgium: festive edition at the occasion of the 60-year jubilee of the Dutch Malacological Society. Backhuys Publishers: Leiden, The Netherlands. . 149 pp.
External links * http://www.marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140539*   Donovan E. (1799-1804). The natural history of British shells: including figures and descriptions of all the species hitherto discovered in Great Britain, systematically arranged in the Linnean manner, with scientific and general observations on each. 5 volumes, London, printed for the Author, and for F. and C. Rivington, 180 plates with unpaginated text. Vol. 1: introduction 3 pp; pl. 1-18 1799; pl. 19–36; index 10 pp. 1800 . Vol. 2: pl. 37-54 1800; pl. 55–72, index 10 pp. 1801.Vol. 3: pl. 73-90 1801; pl. 91–108, index 8 pp. 1802; Vol. 4: pl. 109-126 1802; pl. 127–144, index 8 pp 1803.Vol. 5: pl. 145-162 1803; pl.163-180, index 7 pp. 1804 *  Risso, A. (1826-1827). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Paris, Levrault:. . 3(XVI): 1-480, 14 pls*  Forbes, E. (1838). Malacologia Monensis: a catalogue of the Mollusca inhabiting the Isle of Man and the neighbouring sea. Edinburgh: J. Carfrae and son pp. XII + 63 + 3 pl*  Philippi, R. A. (1836). Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, quae in itinere suo observavit. Vol. 1.I-XIV, 1-303, Tab. XIII-XXVIII. Schropp, Berlin*  Locard A. (1886). Prodrome de malacologie française. Catalogue général des mollusques vivants de France. Mollusque marins. Lyon, H. Georg & Paris, Baillière : pp. X + 778*  Delle Chiaje S. (1823-1831). Memorie sulla storia e notomia degli animali senza vertebre del regno di Napoli. Napoli: Fratelli Fernandes (vol. 1), and Società Tipografica (vol. 2-4). Vol. 1, pp. i-xii, 1-84 1823, pp. 1–184 1824; vol. 2, pp. 1-4 + 185-224 1825, pp. 225–444 1826; vol. 3, pp. i-xx, pp. 1–232 1828; vol. 4, pp. i-vii 1831, 1-116 1830, pp. 117–214 1831; pl. 1-4; pl. 1-69 date?, pl. 70-109 *  Bucquoy E., Dautzenberg P. & Dollfus G. (1882-1886). Les mollusques marins du Roussillon. Tome Ier. Gastropodes. Paris: Baillière & fils. 570 pp., 66 pls. pp. 1-84, pls 1-10, 1882; pp. 85-196, pls 11-20, 1883; pp. 197-342, pls 21-40, 1884; pp. 343-418, pls 41-50, 1885; pp. 419-570, pls 51-66 *  Jeffreys J.G. (1862-1869). British conchology. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 1862.Vol. 2: pp. 479 1864.Vol. 3: pp. 394 1865.Vol. 4: pp. 487 1867.Vol. 5: pp. 259 1869.London, van Voorst.