Parnell (New Zealand electorate)
Introduction '''Parnell''' was a parliamentary electorate in the city of Auckland, New Zealand, from 1861 to 1954, with one break of eight years.
Population centres In the 1860 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of representatives by 12, reflecting the immense population growth since the original electorates were established in 1853.The redistribution created 15 additional electorates with between one and three members, and Parnell was one of the single-member electorates. The electorates were distributed to provinces so that every province had at least two members. Within each province, the number of registered electors by electorate varied greatly. The Parnell electorate had 268 registered electors for the 1861 election.Over the years, Parnell sometimes comprised a small area, and sometimes it covered quite a large area. Much of the area covered fluctuated between the Parnell and  electorates.In 1927 the Representation Commission proposed altering the Parnell boundaries; which if confirmed would have made the electorate "dry" or no-licence, and without an authority which could issue temporary licences for the Ellerslie and Alexandra Park raceways. Following objections, the boundary between the Parnell and  electorates was adjusted to include a hotel in the Parnell electorate (so retaining its licensing committee). John A. Lee later claimed that this adjustment cost him his Auckland East seat in the . In 1936 Lee tried to weaken Endean's grip on Parnell (the only non-Labour seat in Auckland) with the Orakei state housing scheme, and proposed to evict the Māori marae (see Bastion Point). Michael Joseph Savage reversed the Cabinet decision when he returned from the Coronation in England. In the 1937 electoral redistribution, Parnell was abolished and replaced with the  electorate, covering almost exactly the same area as Parnell had since the 1927 electoral redistribution.The 1941 New Zealand census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. The North Island gained a further two electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of the country quota through the ''Electoral Amendment Act, 1945'' reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, 19 electorates were created for the first time, and eight former electorates were re-established, including Parnell. The Parnell electorate existed alongside the Remuera electorate. It was abolished again with the next electoral redistribution, which was held in 1952 and became effective with the . Most of the Parnell electorate's area went once again to the Remuera electorate.
History The electorate was represented by ten Members of Parliament:===Members of Parliament==='''Key''' Election Winner 1861 election  Reader Wood   Robert Creighton  Frederick Whitaker  Charles Heaphy Reader Wood  1875 election  Frederick Moss       Frank Lawry      James Dickson       Harry Jenkins  Bill Endean     Duncan Rae
Election results ===1951 election===     ===1949 election===      ===1946 election===      ===1935 election===        ===1931 election===      ===1930 by-election======1928 election===      ===1919 election===      b Rosetta Baume was one of three women in 1919 who stood at short notice when women were able to stand as candidates for election to parliament.===1911 election===            ===1899 election===    ===1890 election===
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