HMS Westcott (D47)
Introduction '''HMS ''Westcott'' (D47)''' was a Royal Navy Admiralty W-class destroyer that served in the Second World War. In the Second World War ''Westcott'' served in an anti-submarine role and escorted numerous Atlantic and Malta convoys.
Construction and design On 9 December 1916, the British Admiralty placed an order for 21 large destroyers based on the V class, which became the Admiralty W class. Of these destroyers, two, ''Westcott'' and  were ordered from the Scottish shipbuilders William Denny and Brothers. ''Westcott'' was  long overall and  between perpendiculars, with a beam of  and a draught of between  and  depending on load. Displacement was  standard, and up to  deep load. Three oil-fed Yarrow boilers raising steam at  fed Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines which developed , driving two screws for a maximum designed speed of . The ship carried  of oil giving a range of  at . ''Westcott''s main gun armament consisted of four 4-inch Mk V QF guns in four single mounts on the ship's centerline. These were disposed as two forward and two aft in superimposed firing positions. A single QF 3-inch (76 mm) 20 cwt anti-aircraft gun was mounted aft of the second funnel. Aft of the 3-inch gun, she carried six 21-inch torpedo tubes mounted in two triple mounts on the center-line. ''Westcott'' was laid down at Denny's Dumbarton, Scotland shipyard on 30 March 1917, and was launched on 14 February 1918.She was commissioned on 2 April and completed on 12 April. She was named after Captain George Blagdon Westcott, who was killed at the Battle of the Nile.
Service On commissioning, ''Westcott'' joined the 13th Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet, based at Rosyth in support of the Battlecruiser Force, remaining there for the remainder of the war. In 1919, the Grand Fleet was disbanded, and the Atlantic Fleet took its place, supported by four destroyer flotillas. ''Westcott'' joined the Second Destroyer Flotilla, based at Rosyth. In August 1919, the Second Destroyer Flotilla, including ''Westcott'', was deployed to the Baltic as part of the British intervention in the Russian Civil War, relieving the First Destroyer Flotilla. The Second Flotilla remained in the Baltic until December 1919.In February 1920, ''Westcott'' was deployed to the Mediterranean, shelling Turkish forces during the Greco-Turkish War, before returning to Britain in August.In 1921, as large flotillas of sixteen destroyers had proved difficult to control, it was decided to reorganise the destroyers of the Atlantic Fleet, changing to six flotillas each comprising a Flotilla leader and eight destroyers. ''Westcott'' was assigned to the Sixth Flotilla. ''Westcott'' was refitted at Sheerness from July 1930 to March 1931, having her boilers retubed. At some stage prior to 1931, the 3-inch gun was replaced by a 2-pounder "pom-pom". On 4 January 1933, she stood by the French Ocean liner  after the liner caught fire in the English Channel and was abandoned by her crew. ''Wescott'' remained with the Atlantic Fleet (and after 1932 the Home Fleet) until April 1935 when she was reduced to reserve at Devonport.She returned to active service with the 21st Destroyer Flotilla in September 1935 as a result of the Abyssinia Crisis. On 18 March 1936, ''Westcott'' suffered an accidental explosion when on exercise in the Mediterranean. One man was killed, with a further 10 injured. In April 1936 she returned to reserve at Devonport. ''Westcott'' was then refitted in preparation for duty with the Fourth Submarine Flotilla based on the China Station. One 4-inch gun and the aft set of torpedo tubes was replaced by a crane for retrieval of practice torpedoes fired by the submarines of her flotilla, and sonar was fitted.===Second World War===On the outbreak of the Second World War, ''Westcott'' was still allocated to the Fourth Submarine Flotilla, and was having her armament restored to suit her for full operational service. In January 1940, ''Westcott'' was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet, reaching Malta on 14 February. In April 1940, she was recalled to British waters, reaching Devonport on 19 April. She was then assigned to operations off Norway as a response to the German invasion, taking part in the evacuation of British troops from Åndalsnes on the night of 30 April/1 May, and continuing to operate off Norway for the rest of the month. In early June 1940 ''Westcott'' took part in the escort of a convoy (including the liners , , ,  and ) carrying Australian troops to the United Kingdom, on the leg from Gibraltar to Britain. ''Westcott'' then took part in Operation Aerial, the evacuation from ports in Western France of Allied troops who had remained in France following the evacuations from Dunkirk and Le Havre. ''Westcott'' was sent to Brest, but collided with the coaster ''Nyroca'' on 17 June, with both ships returning to the United Kingdom empty.On 4 July, ''Westcott'' joined the 4th Destroyer Flotilla, based at Devonport for escort duties in the North Atlantic. On 5 July, the destroyer  was detached from Convoy OB178 to investigate a possible submarine sighting. While hunting the submarine, , ''Whirlwind'' was torpedoed, blowing off the destroyer's bow. ''Westcott'' went to the aid of ''Whirlwind'', rescuing the survivors of her crew and scuttling the stricken destroyer with torpedoes when it was realized that it would not stay afloat until rescue tugs would arrive. 57 of ''Whirlwind''s crew were killed. On 2 September 1940, ''Westcott'', with the destroyer , the sloops  and   and the corvette , joined inbound Atlantic convoy SC.2 as escort. Over the next few days, the convoy was subject to a series of attacks by German U-boats which sank five of the 53 merchant ships of the convoy (four of them by , commanded by Günther Prien). This was the first successful Wolfpack attack of the Second World War.In November 1940, ''Westcott'' transferred to the 5th Escort Group, based at Liverpool. On 16 January 1941, along with the Royal Navy tugs HMS ''Superman'' and HMS ''Tenacity'', she rescued 143 survivors from , which  had torpedoed and sunk in the Western Approaches. On 28 January, ''Westcott'' collided with the corvette , and after repair at Liverpool, which was slowed by German air raids, joined the 7th Escort Group, also based at Liverpool. ''Westcott'' was fitted with a prototype Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar, which replaced the forward 4-inch gun, in August 1941.As a test platform, ''Westcott'' became the first vessel to be equipped with Hedgehog. She remained part of the 7th Escort Group at the start of October 1941, and transferred to the Gibraltar Escort Group in December 1941, having her boiler tubes repaired from 24 December 1941 to 14 January 1942.On 16 January 1942, the troopship  was torpedoed and damaged by the German U-boat , but managed to reach Horta in the Azores. After limited repairs, ''Llangibby Castle'' left Horta for Gibraltar on the night of 1/2 February, with three destroyers of the Gibraltar Escort group, ''Westcott'',  and  allocated as escorts. ''Westcott'' and ''Croome'' patrolled off the south exit from Horta harbour while ''Exmoor'' escorted ''Llangibby Castle'' through the North exit. The  was waiting off the south exit and attempted to torpedo the two destroyers, but a technical fault forced the submarine to the surface, when ''U-581'' attempted to flee to neutral Portuguese waters. An initial attempt by ''Westcott'' to ram the submarine failed, but resulted in ''Westcott'' dropping a pattern of shallow-set depth charges all around ''U-581''. ''Westcott'' came around for a second ramming attempt, which was successful, sinking the submarine, with 40 of ''U-581''s crew being picked up by ''Westcott'' and ''Croome'', with one swimming to shore and four killed.On 19 April, ''Westcott'' formed part of the escort for the American aircraft carrier  during Operation Calendar, an attempt to deliver vitally needed Spitfire fighters to Malta. 47 Spitfires were flown off ''Wasp'' on 20 April, with 46 reaching Malta. The Spitfires were quickly lost, however, and as a result another attempt was made to reinforce Malta's air defences, Operation Bowery. This time, ''Wasp'' was joined by the British carrier , with ''Westcott'' again part of the escort for the combined carrier force which met up off Gibraltar on the night of 7/8 May 1942, and flew off 64 Spitfires on 9 May, with 61 reaching Malta, managing to shore up the battered island's air defences. ''Westcott'' formed part of the escort for the carriers ''Eagle'' and  when they flew off 17 Spitfires on 18 May in Operation LB, and for two more delivery runs by ''Eagle'' on 3 June and 9 June.On 11 June, ''Westcott'' joined the escort of a large supply convoy to Malta from the west, Operation Harpoon, with a second convoy, Operation Vigorous sailing simultaneously to Malta from Alexandria in Egypt. Both convoys came under heavy air attack, and on 14 June, the cruiser  was damaged by a torpedo dropped by an Italian aircraft. ''Westcott'' and the destroyer  were detached from the convoy to escort ''Liverpool'' back to Gibraltar, with ''Antelope'' taking ''Liverpool'' under tow. The three ships came under continued Italian torpedo-bomber attacks after they had left the convoy, and on 16 April, ''Westcott'' was hit by anti-aircraft fire from ''Liverpool'', killing three of her crew. The three ships made Gibraltar on 17 June. Two of the six merchant ships in the convoy managed to reach Malta, with two destroyers being sunk as well as four merchant ships. The parallel Operation Vigorous was a failure, being forced to turn back by the weight of Axis attacks. ''Westcott'' took part in two more Spitfire delivery runs by ''Eagle'' in July.Malta was still short of supplies, and in August, another major convoy was run from Gibraltar, Operation Pedestal. The convoy left Gibraltar on 10 August, with ''Westcott'' part of the covering force of, including three aircraft carriers and two battleships, which was to escort the convoy to the Skerki Channel off Tunisia, leaving the remainder of the journey to a close escort of cruisers and destroyers. By the time the covering force, including ''Westcott'', turned back on the evening of 12 August, the carrier ''Eagle'' had been sunk by a German submarine, and the carriers  and  damaged by bombers. Five merchant ships out of fourteen, including the vital tanker , finally made Malta by 15 August.In October 1942, ''Westcott'' escorted  on another fighter delivery mission. In November 1942, the Allies launched Operation Torch the Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa. ''Westcott'' formed part of the Centre Task Force, covering the landings at Oran in Algeria on 8 November. When the Vichy French submarines  and  attempted to attack the Allied fleet, they were sunk by ''Westcott'' and . After Operation Torch, ''Westcott'' returned to the United Kingdom.Following her return from the Mediterranean, ''Westcott'' was converted at Portsmouth Naval Dockyard to long-range escort configuration. This involved removing one boiler and its associated funnel, allowing additional oil bunkers to be fitted, extending the ship's range by as much as . Withdrawn from service in June 1945, ''Westcott'' was sold to the British Iron & Steel Corporation (BISCO) to be scrapped the following year.
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External links * Chronologies of War Service of Royal Navy Warships: HMS Westcott - V & W-class Destroyer on naval-history.net