Marsden (New Zealand electorate)
Introduction '''Marsden''' was a former parliamentary electorate, in the Whangarei District and in the Northland Region of New Zealand, which existed from 1858 to 1972.Upon its abolition, Marsden was replaced with the Whangarei electorate.
Population centres The initial 24 New Zealand electorates were defined by Governor George Grey in March 1853, based on the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 that had been passed by the British government. The Constitution Act also allowed the House of Representatives to establish new electorates, and this was first done in 1858, when four new electorates were formed by splitting existing electorates. Marsden was one of those four electorates, and it covered the northern area split off from the  electorate.The electorate was mixed urban and rural, around the city of Whangarei.
History The electorate existed from 1858 to 1972, and the first election was held on 29 November 1859, which was during the term of the 2nd Parliament. James Farmer was the first representative. The second representative was John Munro, who was elected on 27 December 1860, and served the whole term of the 3rd Parliament.Francis Hull was elected to the 4th Parliament, resigned in 1869 and was succeeded by Munro in the February by-election. Munro served the rest of the term, plus the term of the 5th Parliament.All subsequent representatives have always served full terms.In the  there was some doubt about the validity of the election result, and a law was passed to confirm the result in Marsden and two other electorates.The  was contested by Robert Thompson and Joseph Dargaville, and they received 955 and 550 votes, respectively. Thompson was thus declared elected.Thompson acquired the labels 'Marsden Thompson' and 'the member for roads and bridges' in Parliament. He was known for his devotion to the interests of his district, which was desperately in need of good roads, and his only reason for being a Liberal was that the government was the only source of funding for roads and bridges (as with many other Liberals representing country electorates). He was pro-freehold (land), and was opposed to Liberal policies such as labour legislation and old age pensions. In , when he stood unsuccessfully for Auckland West against a sitting Liberal member, he was once more an Independent, and his programme – freehold (land), acquisition of Maori land and opposition to prohibition had not altered.Alfred Murdoch unsuccessfully contested the Marsden electorate in the  as an independent Liberal against the incumbent from the Reform Party, Francis Mander. Mander retired at the , and Murdoch was elected. At the next election in , Murdoch was defeated by William Jones of the Reform Party, but Murdoch defeated Jones in turn in  when he stood for the United Party. After two parliamentary terms, Murdoch was defeated in  by Jim Barclay of the Labour Party. In , Murdoch, now standing for the National Party, defeated Barclay and won the electorate back, and held it until he retired in .===Members of Parliament==='''Key:'''        ElectionWinner 1859 supplementary election  James Farmer 1861 election  John Munro   Francis Hull  John Munro  1876 election  Sir Robert Douglas   William Colbeck  Edwin Mitchelson   Robert Thompson         Francis Mander       Alfred Murdoch   William Jones  Alfred Murdoch   Jim Barclay   Alfred Murdoch     Don McKay
Election results ===1969 election===      ===1966 election===       ===1963 election===      ===1960 election===      ===1957 election===        ===1954 election===       ===1951 election===     ===1949 election===     ===1946 election===      ===1943 election===      Table footnotes:===1938 election===     ===1935 election===        ===1931 election===     ===1928 election===        ===1925 election===      ===1922 election===     ===1919 election===       ===1899 election===    ===1890 election===
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