District court (Taiwan)
Introduction The '''district courts''' () are the ordinary trial courts of general jurisdiction under the law of Taiwan. Currently there are 22 district courts under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
History District courts (, ''chihō-hōin'') were first established in Taiwan in 1896.The jurisdiction of the district courts changed several times in the Japanese era. There were five (5) district courts in Taiwan as of 1945, the end of the Japanese rule, when the courts were incorporated into the Republic of China court system.No.NameJapaneseJurisdictionPresent division equivalent1Northern Taihoku PrefectureTaipei, New Taipei, Keelung Southern Taihoku PrefectureYilanKarenkō Prefecture, Taitō PrefectureHualien, Taitung2Shinchiku PrefectureTaoyuan, Hsinchu city/county, Miaoli3Taichū PrefectureTaichung, Changhua, Nantou4Southern Tainan PrefectureTainan Northern Tainan PrefectureChiayi city/county, Yunlin5Takao Prefecture, Hōko PrefectureKaohsiung, Pingtung, PenghuNote that the Empire of Japan was granted extraterritoriality in China from late 19th century until World War II. During this time, Taihoku District Court also handled the trial cases regarding Japanese citizens (including Taiwanese and Korean) in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong and Yunnan.After World War II, more district courts were established as the population growth. The newest district court, Ciaotou District Court, was established in September 2016 in Kaohsiung. This makes the total count of district courts in Taiwan to 22.
List of District Courts There are currently 20 district courts under the jurisdiction of the Taiwan High Court and 2 district courts under the jurisdiction of the Fuchien High Court. The Kinmen and Matsu district courts are under the jurisdiction of the Fuchien High Courts as those counties are part of Fujian Province and not part of Taiwan Province. The jurisdictions of district courts do not always follow the boundary of the administrative divisions.No.NameChineseJurisdictionNo.NameChineseJurisdiction1Changhua County12Western New Taipei2Chiayi, Chiayi County13Penghu County3Northern Kaohsiung14Northern Taipei and northern New Taipei4Hsinchu, Hsinchu County15Pingtung County5Hualien County16Taichung6Southern Kaohsiung17Tainan7Keelung and eastern New Taipei18Southern Taipei and southern New Taipei8Kinmen County19Taitung County9Lienchiang County (Matsu Islands)20Taoyuan City10Miaoli County21Yilan County11Nantou County22Yunlin County
Divisions Each District Court may establish summary division for different regions under it, for the adjudication of cases suitable for summary judgment and small claims cases. The civil summary procedure is for cases involving an amount in controversy of not more than 500,000 New Taiwan dollars and for simple legal disputes. The small claims cases are cases demanding payment for less than 100,000 NTD. Currently there are a total of 45 divisions in Taiwan. Additionally, there is a Taiwan Kaohsiung Juvenile Court, established in accordance with the Law Governing the Disposition of Juvenile Cases.Each of the District Courts has civil, criminal and summary division and may establish specialized divisions to handle cases involving juveniles, family, traffic, and labor matters as well as motions to set aside rulings on violations of the Statute for the Maintenance of Social Order. Each division has a Division Chief Judge who supervises and assigns the business of the division. Each District Court has a Public Defenders' Office and a Probation Officers' Office.
Judges A single judge hears and decides cases in ordinary and summary proceedings as well as in small claims cases. A panel of three judges decides cases of great importance in ordinary proceedings as well as appeals or interlocutory appeals from the summary and small claims proceedings. Criminal cases are decided by a panel of three judges, with the exception of summary proceedings which may be held by a single judge. The Juvenile Court hears and decides only cases involving juveniles.
Jurisdiction District Courts have jurisdiction over the following cases:*Ordinary or summary civil and criminal cases as well as civil small claim cases as courts of the first instance;*Civil and criminal appeals or interlocutory appeals from decisions rendered by the summary divisions;*Juvenile matters;*Family matters;*Traffic cases;*Civil compulsory execution cases;*Non-contentious matters;*Civil protection writs;*Rehabilitation of delinquents;*Labor-management disputes;*Elections and recalls;*Violations of the Statute for the Maintenance of Social Order;*Other cases prescribed by law.
Dispute On 31 March 2017, Taipei District Court finished a judgment of first instance, this is the first time, the collegial court invoked the concept of "civil disobedience", and Identify the motive and purpose of the protest act, are related to public affair. They said the people of Sunflower Movement (As Huang Kuo-chang, Lin Fei-Fan, , and related people) all are innocent.
See also * History of law in Taiwan* Law of Taiwan* Six Codes* Constitution of the Republic of China* Judicial Yuan* Supreme Court of the Republic of China* High Court (Taiwan)* Ministry of Justice (Taiwan)* Supreme Prosecutor Office* Taiwan High Prosecutors Office* List of law schools in Taiwan
Gallery File:台灣彰化地方法院.jpg|Taiwan Changhua District CourtFile:臺灣嘉義地方法院 20120712.jpg|Taiwan Chiayi District CourtFile:新竹地方法院.JPG|Taiwan Hsinchu District CourtFile:花蓮地方法院.jpg|Taiwan Hualien District CourtFile:高雄地方法院.JPG|Taiwan Kaohsiung District CourtFile:屏東地方法院.JPG|Taiwan Pingtung District CourtFile:Taiwan Shilin District Court and NTCPD Sanchong Precinct police car 20110917.jpg|Taiwan Shilin District CourtFile:台南地方法院.JPG|Taiwan Tainan District CourtFile:台北地方法院.JPG|Taiwan Taipei District CourtFile:桃園地方法院.jpg|Taiwan Taoyuan District CourtFile:Taiwan Yilan District Court front view 20050713.jpg|Taiwan Yilan District Court
References
External links * Taiwan Law Resources* The Judicial Yuan* The Ministry of Justice* Taipei District Prosecutors Office* Legislative Yuan* Executive Yuan