Mallabhum kingdom
Introduction '''Mallabhum''' (The Country originally known as '''Mallabhoom''' or '''Mallabani'''  or '''Bishnupur kingdom''' ) was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.
History ===Territory of the Mallabhum ===Mallabhum was a territory which included Bankura, a part of Burdwan, Birbhum, Santhal Parganas, Midnapur and also a part of Purulia. The Malla Rajas ruled over the vast territory in the south-western part of present West Bengal and a part of southeastern Jharkhand.====Extent====From around 7th century CE until the advent of British rule, the history of Bankura district is identical with the rise and fall of the Hindu Rajas of Bishnupur.
Administration According to Bhattacharjee, Tarun Dev (1982) during Malla period, the society was centred round the village. The tax collectors were called as Gumasta and their assistants as Aat Pahari or Paik. The Mukhiya or Mandal was the title of headman, who was regarded as the guardian of the village. Malla kings had several service groups. Due to scarcity of money, the Malla kings used to present land instead of salary to all these service groups. This type of land is again of two types – namely the Panchaki jamin or land with a little tax and another one is the Bepanchaki jamin or land without any tax. Again the lands were named as per the service groups name as Senapati mahal for the head of the soldier, land given to the sentry was Mahalbera Mahal, and land given to the bodyguard was Chharidar Mahal.
Malla rulers Malla's started their own calendar that is Malla era (Mallabda). It is told that Malla era started from Indra Dwadasi day in the year 102 Bengali calendar of the month Bhadro (August- September).Sl. No.Name of the kingGregorian calendarBengali calendarMalla calendarReign (year)1Adi Malla6941021162Jay Malla71011716103Benu Malla72012726134Kinu Malla7331403995Indra Malla74214948156Kanu Malla7571646377Dha Malla (Jhau)76417170118Shur Malla77518281209Kanak Malla7952021011210Kandarpa Malla8072141132111Sanatan Malla8282351341312Kharga Malla8412481472113Durjan Malla (Durjay)8622691684414Yadav Malla9063132121315Jagannath Malla9193262251216Birat Malla9313382371517Mahadev Malla9463532523118Durgadas Malla9773842831719Jagat Malla994 4013001320Ananta Malla1007414313821Rup Malla10154223211422Sundar Malla10294363352423Kumud Malla10534603592124Krishna Malla10744813801025Rup Malla II (Jhap) 10844913901326Prakash Malla1097504403527Pratap Malla11025094081128Sindur Malla11135204191629Sukhomoy Malla (Shuk)11295364351330Banamali Malla11425494481431Yadu/Jadu Malla11565634621132Jiban Malla11675744731333Ram Malla11855924912434Gobinda Malla12096165153135Bhim Malla12406475462336Katar Malla (Kattar/Khattar) 12636705693237Prithwi Malla1295 7026012438Tapa Malla13197266251539Dinabandhu Malla1334 7416401140Kinu/Kanu II Malla13457526511341Shur Malla II13587656641242Shiv Singh Malla13707776763743Madan Malla14078147131344Durjan Malla II (Durjay) 14208277261745Uday Malla14378447432346Chandra Malla14608677664147Bir Malla15019088075348Dhari Malla15549618601149Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)15659728715550Dhari Hambir Malla Dev16201027926651Raghunath Singha Dev162610339323052Bir Singha Dev165610639622653Durjan Singha Dev168210899882054Raghunath Singha Dev II1702110910081055Gopal Singha Dev1712111910183656Chaitanya Singha Dev1748115510545357Madhav Singha Dev180112081107858Gopal Singha Dev II1809121611156759Ramkrishna Singha Dev1876128311829Dwhaja Moni Devi188512921191460Nilmoni Singha Dev18891296119514Churamoni Devi (Regency)1903131012091461Kalipada Singha Thakur1930–19831337 – 13901236–128953
Temples According to Dr. Bloch, Superintendent of the Archaeological Survey of India, Eastern Circle, the twelve date temples range in chronological order as follows:Date in Malla yearDate C.E.Name of templeBy Whom built9281622MalleswarBir Singha, son of Raghunath Singha9491643Syam RaiRaghunath Singha, son of Bir Hambir.9611655Jor Bangla9621656Kala Chand9641658LaljiBir Singha9711665Madan GopalSiromani, wife of Bir Singha9711665Murali MohanSiromoni Devi, wife of Bir Singha (Called Churamoni in the Inscription)10001694Madan MohanDurjan Singha10321726Jor MandirGopal Singha10351729Radha GobindKrishna Singha, son of Gopal Singha10431737Radha MadhabChuramoni, wife of Gopal Singha1064(Saka 1680)1758Radha SyamChaitanya Singha
Gallery File:Rasmancha, Bishnupur, Bankura.jpg|Rasmancha (1600 CE)File:Rasmancha (eastern view) Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Rasmancha (1600 CE)Image:Jor Mandir 4 Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Jor Mandir (1726 CE)Image:Radhamadhab Temple (general view) Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Radhamadhab Temple (1737 CE)		Image:Kalachand Temple Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Kalachand Temple (1656 CE)Image:Jor Bangla Temple Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Jor-Bangla Temple or Keshta Roy Temple (1655 CE)Image:Jor Mandir 8 Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Jor Mandir complex (1726 CE)Image:Madan Mohan Temple Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Madan Mohan Temple (1694 CE)Image:Radha-Gobinda Temple Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Radha-Gobinda Temple (1729 CE)Image:Shyam Ray Temple Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Shyam Ray Temple (1643 CE)File:Bishnpur fort gate.jpg|Bishnpur fort gateFile:'Panchchura' temple, Bishnupur.jpg|Panchchura templeFile:Stone chariot of Bishnupur.jpg|Stone chariot of BishnupurFile:Nandalal Temple Bishnupur.JPG|Nandalal TempleFile:The gate Of 'Rashmancha', Bishnupur.jpg|Rashmancha (gate)File:Jor Bangla Temple (arches) Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Jor Bangla Temple (arches)File:Terracotta work on Jor Bangla temple, Bishnupur 3.JPG|Jor Bangla temple (Terracotta work)File:Jor Bangla Temple (Ramayana motifs) Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG|Jor Bangla Temple (Ramayana motifs)File:Terracotta work on Shyamrai Temple Bishnupur 8.JPG|Shyamrai Temple (Terracotta work)File:RasChakra.jpg|Shyamrai Temple (RasChakra)
References ===Sources===*