HMS Comet (H00)
Introduction '''HMS ''Comet''''' was a C-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s. She saw service in the Home and Mediterranean Fleets and the ship spent six months during the Spanish Civil War in late 1936 in Spanish waters, enforcing the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides of the conflict. ''Comet'' transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) in 1938 and renamed HMCS ''Restigouche''. During World War II, she served as a convoy escort in the battle of the Atlantic, on anti-submarine patrols during the invasion of Normandy, and was employed as a troop transport after VE Day for returning Canadian servicemen, before being decommissioned in late 1945. ''Restigouche'' was sold for scrap in 1946.
Design and construction ''Comet'' displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of  and gave a maximum speed of . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers. ''Comet'' carried a maximum of  of fuel oil that gave her a range of  at . The ship's complement was 145 officers and men.The ship mounted four 45-calibre 4.7-inch Mk IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, ''Comet'' had a single QF 3-inch 20 cwt AA gun between her funnels, and two  QF 2-pounder Mk II AA guns mounted on the aft end of her forecastle deck. The  AA gun was removed in 1936 and the 2-pounders were relocated to between the funnels. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for 21-inch torpedoes. Three depth-charge chutes were fitted, each with a capacity of two depth charges. After World War II began this was increased to 33 depth charges, delivered by one or two rails and two throwers.The ship was ordered on 15 July 1930 from Portsmouth Dockyard under the 1929 Programme. ''Comet'' was laid down on 12 September 1930, launched on 30 September 1931, as the 14th ship to carry the name, and completed on 2 June 1932.
Service history After sea trials in May 1932, ''Comet'' was commissioned for service in the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla, Home Fleet, in early June. On 21 July, she was damaged in a collision with her sister  at Chatham and repaired at Chatham Dockyard between 28 July and 20 August. The ship was refitted at Chatham from 20 July to 3 September 1934.Following the Italian invasion of Abyssinia, ''Comet'' was sent in August 1935 to the Red Sea with the other ships of the 2nd Flotilla to monitor Italian warship movements until March 1936. ''Comet'' returned to the UK in April 1936 and refitted at Sheerness between 23 April and 29 June before resuming duty with the Home Fleet. In July she was deployed for patrol duties off the Spanish coast in the Bay of Biscay to intercept shipping carrying contraband goods to Spain and to protect British flagged shipping during the first stages of the Spanish Civil War. On 9 August she assisted the crew of the crippled British yacht ''Blue Shadow'' off Gijon, after the small vessel was shelled by mistake by the Nationalist cruiser . The ship was briefly placed in reserve in late 1936 while discussions were held about transferring her to the Royal Canadian Navy. Two of her sisters were chosen instead and ''Comet'' was recommissioned for service with the Mediterranean Fleet as plane guard for the aircraft carrier  on 29 December.In April 1937 she returned to Portsmouth with ''Glorious'', and on 20 May the ship participated in the Coronation Review of the fleet at Spithead by King George VI. Four days later, ''Comet'' began a refit at Portsmouth that lasted until 18 June. The ship resumed plane guard duties for ''Glorious'' in the Mediterranean. She began a major refit at Chatham on 26 May 1938 to bring her up to Canadian specifications that included the installation of Type 124 ASDIC.===Transfer to the Royal Canadian Navy===''Restigouche'' showing her early war modifications, including shortened aft funnel, 12-pounder AA gun in lieu of the rear torpedo mount, and 'Y' gun replaced by additional depth charge storage.On 11 June she was commissioned by the RCN and renamed ''Restigouche'', although her refit was not completed until 20 August. ''Restigouche'' was assigned to the Canadian Pacific Coast and arrived at Esquimalt on 7 November 1938.She remained there until she was ordered to Halifax, Nova Scotia on 15 November 1939 where she escorted local convoys, including the convoy carrying half of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division to the UK on 10 December. ''Restigouche'' was ordered to Plymouth on 24 May 1940 and arrived there on 31 May. Upon arrival, the ship's rear torpedo tube mount was removed and replaced by a 12-pounder AA gun and the 2-pounders were exchanged for quadruple Mark I mounts for the QF 0.5-inch Vickers Mark III machine gun.On 9 June, ''Restigouche'' was ordered to Le Havre, France to evacuate British troops, but none were to be found and the ship investigated the small port of Saint-Valery-en-Caux some  northeast of Le Havre on 11 June. They found some elements of the 51st Infantry Division, but had not received any orders to evacuate and refused to do so. Whilst recovering her landing party, the ship was taken under fire by a German artillery battery, but she was not hit and returned fire. After returning to England, ''Restigouche'' escorted several troop convoys on the last legs of their journeys from Canada, Australia and New Zealand in mid-June. On 23 June, the ship escorted the ocean liner  to St. Jean de Luz to evacuate Polish troops and British refugees trapped by the German Army in south-western France (Operation Aerial). On 25 June 1940, ''Restigouche'', her sister , and the light cruiser  were returning from St. Jean de Luz when ''Fraser'' was rammed by ''Calcutta'' in the Gironde estuary at night. Struck forward of the bridge by the cruiser's bow, ''Fraser'' was cut in half, although the rear part of the ship did not immediately sink. All but 47 of the ship's crew and evacuees were rescued by ''Restigouche'' and other nearby ships. The rear portion had to be sunk by ''Restigouche''.Lieutenant-Commander Desmond W. Piers, Commanding Officer, on the bridge of the destroyer HMCS ''Restigouche'', which is escorting convoy SC-107 at sea, 21 April 1944The ship was transferred to the Western Approaches Command afterwards for convoy escort duties. She sailed for Halifax at the end of August for a refit that lasted until October. Upon its completion, ''Restigouche'' remained at Halifax for local escort duties until January 1941 when she sailed for the UK where she was reassigned to the Western Approaches Command. The ship was ordered to St. John's, Newfoundland on 30 May to reinforce escort forces in the Western Atlantic. Whilst guarding the battleship  at Placentia Bay on 8 August, ''Restigouche'' damaged her propellers when she struck bottom and required repairs that lasted until October. She was not out of dockyard hands for very long before she was badly damaged by a storm while en route to join Convoy ON-44 on 12 December. Repairs at Greenock lasted until 9 March 1942 and her director-control tower and rangefinder above the bridge had been removed by this time in exchange for a Type 271 target indication radar.Other changes made during the war (exactly when these occurred is unknown) included the replacement of 'A' gun by a Hedgehog anti-submarine spigot mortar, exchanging her two quadruple .50-calibre Vickers machine guns mounted between her funnels for two Oerlikon 20 mm AA guns, the addition of two Oerlikon guns to her searchlight platform, and the removal of her 12-pounder AA gun. Type 286 short-range surface search radar was also added. Two QF 6 pounder Hotchkiss guns were fitted on the wings of her bridge to deal with U-boats at short ranges. 'Y' gun was also removed to allow her depth charge stowage to be increased to at least 60 depth charges. ''Restigouche'' picking up U-boat survivors, September 1944. ''Restigouche'' was assigned to the Mid-Ocean Escort Force when her refit was finished and served with various escort groups. In April 1943 she was permanently assigned to Escort Group C4, and on 10 April she rescued 23 survivors from the Dutch cargo ship . Between August and December she was refitted, and thereafter she remained with C4 until she was transferred to 12th Escort Group in early 1944 for anti-submarine operations in the Western Approaches.In June–July 1944, ''Restigouche'' patrolled in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay hunting for German submarines trying to sink Allied shipping. On the night of 5–6 July, the ship and the rest of the 12th Escort Group sank three small German patrol boats off Brest. The following month, the 12th Support Group, including ''Restigouche'', engaged three minesweepers on 12 August, without sinking any. The ship was sent to Canada for a lengthy refit later in the month. After working up in Bermuda, she arrived at Halifax on 14 February 1945 and began escorting local convoys. This lasted until the end of the war in May, after which the ship was used to transfer returning troops from Newfoundland to mainland Canada until she was paid off on 5 October. ''Restigouche'' was sold for scrap in 1946.
Ship's bell The Christening Bells Project at Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt Naval and Military Museum includes information about the baptism of babies in the ship's bell. The bell is currently held by the Royal Canadian Legion, Lantzville, British Columbia.
Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted ConvoyEscort GroupDatesFromToSC 3415–18 June 1941Newfoundland  IcelandSC 5025–31 Oct 1941Newfoundland  IcelandON 326–13 Nov 1941Iceland  NewfoundlandSC 5624 Nov-12 Dec 1941Newfoundland  IcelandON 4412–14 Dec 1941Iceland  NewfoundlandON 7616–28 March 1942Northern Ireland  NewfoundlandSC 789–21 April 1942Newfoundland  Northern IrelandON 102MOEF group A312–21 June 1942Northern Ireland  NewfoundlandSC 101MOEF group C423 Sept-3 Oct 1942Newfoundland  Northern IrelandON 137MOEF group C412–22 Oct 1942Northern Ireland  NewfoundlandConvoy SC 107MOEF group C430 Oct-10 Nov 1942Newfoundland  Northern IrelandON 147MOEF group C418–28 Nov 1942Northern Ireland  NewfoundlandSC 112MOEF group C411–25 Dec 1942Newfoundland  Northern IrelandON 158MOEF group C45–17 Jan 1943Northern Ireland  NewfoundlandHX 224MOEF group C427 Jan-4 Feb 1943Newfoundland  Northern IrelandKMF 10BMOEF group C42–9 March 1943Firth of Clyde  Mediterranean SeaMKF 10BMOEF group C410–17 March 1943Mediterranean Sea  Firth of ClydeON 177MOEF group C47–17 April 1943Northern Ireland  NewfoundlandHX 235MOEF group C424 April-3 May 1943Newfoundland  Northern IrelandONS 8MOEF group C418–29 May 1943Northern Ireland  NewfoundlandSC 133MOEF group C48–19 June 1943Newfoundland  Northern IrelandONS 124–15 July 1943Northern Ireland  NewfoundlandSC 13723 July-3 Aug 1943Newfoundland  Northern IrelandON 22016–28 Jan 1944Northern Ireland  NewfoundlandHX 27917–28 Feb 1944Newfoundland  Northern IrelandONS 302–10 March 1944Northern Ireland  NewfoundlandHX 28319–28 March 1944Newfoundland  Northern Ireland
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References * * * * * * * * *
External links *  ''Restigouche'' on Naval-History.net