Global Greens
Introduction The '''Global Greens''' ('''GG''') is an international network of political parties and movements which work to implement the Global Greens Charter. It consists of various national green political parties, partner networks, and other organizations associated with green politics.Formed in 2001 at the First Global Greens Congress, the network has grown to include 76 full member parties and 11 observers and associate parties as of May 2022, so a total of 87 members. It is governed by a 12-member steering committee called the Global Greens Coordination, and each member party falls under the umbrella of one of four affiliated regional green federations. The day-to-day operations of the Global Greens are managed by the Secretariat, led by Global Greens Convenors Bob Hale and Gloria Polanco since 2020.
History The world's first green parties were founded in 1972.These were in the Australian state of Tasmania (the United Tasmania Group) and in New Zealand (the Values Party). Others followed quickly: in 1973, PEOPLE (later the Ecology Party) was set up in the UK, and in other European countries Green and radical parties sprang up in the following years.Petra Kelly, a German ecofeminist activist, is often cited as one of the first thinkers and leaders of the green politics movement. Her work in founding the German Green Party in West Germany in 1980 was instrumental in bringing prominence to green political parties on both the national and international stages.The first Planetary Meeting of the Greens was held in Rio de Janeiro on May 30–31, 1992 in conjunction with the Rio Earth Summit being concurrently held in Brazil. It was here that the first ever Global Greens statement was issued, beginning with this preface:Petra Kelly, a German ecofeminist and green politics thinker who founded the German Green Party in 1980''"Experience teaches us that governments are only moved to take environmental problems seriously when people vote for environmental political parties. "''The first Global Greens Congress was held in Canberra, Australia, in 2001.The official Global Greens Charter was issued here, and the Congress delegates set up the framework and organizational structures that would build the Global Greens into an ongoing international network and movement, including the Global Greens Coordination. In 2010, the first Global Greens Secretary was appointed.
Global Greens Charter The Global Greens Charter is the guiding document that establishes the principles and "core values" to which member parties and associated organizations should attempt to adhere. It sets out global principles that cross boundaries to bind Greens from around the world together:#Participatory Democracy#Nonviolence#Social Justice#Sustainability#Respect for Diversity#Ecological WisdomPriorities outlined in the Charter include reforming the dominant economic model, tackling climate change, ending the hunger crisis, promoting vibrant democracy, working for peace, protecting biodiversity.The Global Greens Charter has been reviewed and updated twice during Global Greens Congresses since its original publishing in 2001: once in Dakar, Senegal in 2012, and again in Liverpool, UK, in 2017.The updated 2017 version is offered in English, and past versions can be accessed in 11 various languages.
Regional Federations of the Global Greens The Global Greens are organized into four regional federations across the world:*Asia Pacific Greens Federation*European Green Party*Federation of Green Parties of Africa*Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas*Federation of Green Parties of Oceania
Global Greens Coordination The Global Greens has a 12-member steering committee called the ''Global Greens Coordination''. The makeup of this committee stems from three elected members from each of the four regional federations, supported by three alternates who can stand in when needed.
Global Greens Congress The Global Greens have held four Congresses since 2001 in various locations around the world:#2001 - Canberra, Australia#2008 - São Paulo, Brazil#2012 - Dakar, Senegal#2017 - Liverpool, UKThe Global Greens strives to achieve regional diversity and representation, encouraging Congress locations to represent the wide geographical spread of the organization's member parties and organizations. The next Global Greens Congress will be held in 2023.It will be hosted by the Green Party Korea in Seoul.
Networks Federation of Young European Greens demonstration in Copenhagen, during the Climate Summit 2009.The Global Greens have five networks designed to enable global collaboration, communication and community among member parties and organizations:*'''Friends of Global Greens''' **This network is composed of Green parties, parliamentarians and activists who make recurring donations of any amount to the Global Greens. *'''Global Greens LGBT+ Network'''**This network aims to:**#"Support LGBT+ groups within Green Parties around the world to work together and support each other;**#Support Green Parties looking to set up LGBT+ groups, and;**#Promote LGBT+ equality as outlined in the Global Greens Charter. "*'''Global Greens Parliamentarians Network'''**This network is composed of Green Members of Parliament from Global Greens member parties and works to fulfil the following objectives:**#"To be active, in a coordinated manner, in our parliaments on issues of identified global concern, in order to influence the governments of our countries, and the public whom we represent, to the goals specifically identified by the Global Greens;**#To develop a mutually-reinforcing and mutually-supportive network of MPs, as individuals, to help us each to become most effective in our parliamentary action, and realise our potential as movers of positive global change, and;**#To achieve positive change for Green goals at the global and regional levels through the strengthening of international institutions, including more parliamentarian representation and decision-making influence in those bodies. "*'''Global Greens Women's Network'''**This network supports the participation of Green women worldwide in democratic political processes, by focusing on: **#"Capacity building and empowerment: training and developing skills, such as public speaking and leadership;**#Governance and participation: confronting inequalities at the organizational level and exchanging best practices to tackle them and promote participation;**#Campaigning about major topics relevant to women: such as gender justice and climate change, and;**#Carrying out formal functions as part of global Greens governance: e.g. nominating women to the Asia-Pacific Greens Federation (APGF) Council. "*'''Global Young Greens'''**This network is a "youth-led organization supporting and uniting the efforts of young people from a green-alternative spectrum around the world. It works towards (1) ecological sustainability, (2) social justice, (3) grassroots democracy and (4) peace."
Global Greens Ambassadors The Global Greens Coordination appointed Christine Milne AO as the first Global Greens Ambassador in 2015.Milne was appointed as Global Greens Ambassador in recognition of her considerable expertise in climate change and as an elected member of state and federal parliaments, including as Leader of the Australian Greens.
Member parties ===Member parties in the Americas===Marina Silva with Thomas Lovejoy and Stephen Schneider in April 2010Affiliated members in North, Central and South America form the Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas.Jill Stein and Ajamu Baraka in August 2016.CountryNameNational/Federal GovernmentState/Municipal GovernmentNotesPartido VerdeExtraparliamentary opposition In opposition in Tierra del FuegoPartido Verde de Bolivia Partido Verde Junior party in coalition    The party is represented in several state legislatures.in coalition 2003–2008Green Party of Canada/Parti vert du CanadaNon-official party House of Commons: (2). Provincial: British Columbia (2 members), New Brunswick (3), Ontario (2), Prince Edward Island (2). Municipal: Vancouver City Council (2).Partido Ecologista Verde de Chile in opposition Two seats on regional boards.One seat in the Chamber of Deputies.Alianza Verde  Junior party in coalition   Claudia López Hernández, a green, is mayor of Bogota. The party also has 3 regional governors and several mayors.Partido Ecologista Verde de México Supporting coalition  Represented in several regional parliamentsThe party is criticized for its alleged corruption.Partido Verde Peru  Green Party of the United StatesExtraparliamentary opposition The party has representation on the Portland, Maine and Madison city councils, and several smaller ones.The party was formerly represented in the Arkansas, California, Maryland, New Jersey, and Maine state legislatures, as well as the Minneapolis and Laredo city councils.Movimiento Ecológico de VenezuelaExtraparliamentary opposition===Member parties in Asia and Oceania===Bob Brown at a 197x197pxAffiliated members in Asia, Pacific and Oceania form the Asia Pacific Greens Federation.James Shaw, Minister for Climate Change (New Zealand), 2019.Country Name National/Federal Government State/Municipal GovernmentNotes  Australian Greens   In opposition (crossbench)   In coalition government in A.C.T., represented in all states and territory Parliaments aside from NTRepresented in numerous local/city governments Formerly in coalition in Tasmania from 2010–14  Green Party of Bangladesh  Extraparliamentary opposition  unknown    India Greens Party Extraparliamentary opposition  Uttarakhand Parivartan Party (UKPP)  Extraparliamentary opposition   Green Party of Iraq  Extraparliamentary opposition   Greens Japan  Extraparliamentary opposition   Kazumi Inamura, a green, is mayor of Amagasaki   Green Party of Korea  Extraparliamentary opposition  unknown   Green Party of Lebanon  Extraparliamentary opposition   Mongolian Green Party  Extraparliamentary opposition   Hariyali Nepal Party Extraparliamentary opposition  Hariyo Party Extraparliamentary opposition  Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand   In opposition  The party endorsed the current mayor of Wellington Tory Whanau, and is represented on local councils in its own right in Wellington, Dunedin, and Palmerston North, and in Auckland through the City Vision joint ticket. Formerly in coalition/Cooperation agreement/Confidence and supply in New Zealand from 1999–2002, 2005-2008, 2017-2023  Green Party of Pakistan  unknown  unknown   Green Party Taiwan  Extraparliamentary opposition  Represented in Hsinchu County  Trees Party  Extraparliamentary opposition ===Member parties in Africa===Wangari Maathai, Kenya.|alt=Frank Habineza, Leader of the African Greens Federation since 2008.Affiliated parties in Africa form the Federation of Green Parties of Africa. Country Name National/Federal Government State/Municipal Government Notes  Partido Nacional Ecológico de Angola  unknown  unknown   Les Verts du Benin  Extraparliamentary Opposition   Parti Ecologiste pour le Développement du Burkina  unknown  Rally of the Ecologists of Burkina   Burundi Green Movement   Mouvement des Verts de Centrafique   Union des Ecologistes Tchadiens - LES VERTS   Rassemblement des écologistes congolais  Extraparliamentary Opposition  Represented in parliament 2006–11  Egyptian Greens  unknown   Parti Vert Gabonais/Gabon Green Party   Ghana Green Movement   Parti des Ecologistes Guineens   Parti Ecologique Ivoirien   Mazingira Green Party  Extraparliamentary opposition   Madagascar Green Party  unknown   Parti Ecologiste du Mali   Les Verts Fraternels  Extraparliamentary opposition  In coalition 2005–10.Les Verts  unknown   Ecological Party of Mozambique  Extraparliamentary opposition  Extraparliamentary opposition   Rassemblement pour un Sahel Vert  unknown  unknown   Green Party of Nigeria   Democratic Green Party of Rwanda   In opposition   Les Verts  Extraparliamentary opposition  Represented in parliament between 2007 and 2012  Sierra Leone Green Party  unknown   Democratic Green Party of Somalia   South African Green Alliance   Afrique Togo Ecologie   Tunisie Verte  Extraparliamentary opposition   Ecological Party of Uganda  unknown   National Revolution Green Party Zambia ===Member parties in Europe===Affiliated members in Europe form the European Green Party.Femke Halsema, 2010; mayor of Amsterdam since 2018 Country Name National/Federal Government State/Municipal Government European Parliament Notes  Green Party of Albania  Extraparliamentary opposition   in opposition 34 local councillors, 8 in urban municipalities and 26 in rural municipalities  Not an EU member   Partit Verds d'Andorra  Extraparliamentary opposition  The party hasn't participated in recent local elections  Not an EU member   Die Grünen   Junior party in coalition   in coalition in Upper Austria, Carinthia, Tyrol, Salzburg and Vorarlberg   In opposition   Ecolo   Junior party in coalition   Senior party in coalition in Wallonia and Brussels-Capital Region   In opposition  Form one Parliamentary group in the Federal Parliament Groen   Junior party in coalition   In opposition in Flanders   In opposition  Zelena Partija  Extraparliamentary opposition  unknown  Extraparliamentary opposition   Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation   In opposition  Extraparliamentary opposition   Strana zelených  Extraparliamentary opposition  Extraparliamentary opposition  In coalition 2006–10  Estonian Greens  Extraparliamentary opposition  2 local government seats out of the nationwide 1717, both in Antsla. Extraparliamentary opposition   Vihreät/De Gröna   In opposition   Represented in several municipalities. It has the second largest group of councillors in Helsinki   In opposition  In coalition 1995–2003, 2007–2014, 2019-2023  Europe Écologie–Les Verts   In opposition   Senior coalition partner in Grenoble, Lyon, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Marseille and Besançon. Also in coalition in Occitanie, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Centre-Val de Loire and Paris, Nantes, Rennes. In opposition  In coalition 1997–2002, 2012–14, represented in parliament 1997-2017  Sakartvelo's Mtsvaneta Partia/Green Party of Georgia  unknown  unknown  Not an EU member   Bündnis '90/Die Grünen   Junior party in coalition   Senior coalition partner in the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg, also junior coalition party in 10 of 16 states. Senior coalition partner in the cities of Stuttgart, Darmstadt, Freiburg im Breisgau and Heidelberg  in opposition  in coalition 1998–2005  Ecologoi Prasinoi/Ecologist Greens  Extraparliamentary opposition   Represented in 4/13 Regional Councils Extraparliamentary opposition   Lehet Más a Politika   In opposition   54 seats in local city councils   In opposition  (NI)  Green Party/Comhaontas Glas   Junior party in coalition   44 councillors in ROI local government, 7 in NI local government  2 MEPs  In coalition in ROI 2007–2011, 2020–present  Green Europe   In opposition   Junior member of the governing coalition in Emilia-Romagna and Campania  Extraparliamentary opposition   Verdi–Grüne–Vërc  Extraparliamentary opposition   The party has 3 members in the Landtag of South Tyrol. Extraparliamentary opposition  Part of the Federazione dei Verdi before 2013  Déi Gréng   In opposition   Christiane Brassel-Rausch, a green, is mayor of Differdange   In opposition   AD+PD  Extraparliamentary opposition  Extraparliamentary opposition  Partidul Ecologist "Alianța Verde" din Moldova  unknown  unknown  Not an EU member   De Groenen  Extraparliamentary opposition   1 of 26 seats in the water board of Amstel, Gooi en Vecht  Extraparliamentary opposition   GroenLinks   In opposition   Senior coalition partner in North Holland, Groningen and Utrecht; junior partner in five other provinces. It is represented in most municipalities, it has the largest group of councillors in Nijmegen, Utrecht, Groningen and Amsterdam and is the senior government party there. It has 9 of 316 mayors, including Femke Halsema of Amsterdam. in opposition Demokratska Obnova na Makedonija   Junior party in coalition  unknown  Not an EU member   Miljøpartiet De Grønne   In opposition   In coalition in Oslo and Trondheim, represented in other big cities   in opposition   Partia Zieloni   In opposition   Represented in the regional parliaments of Silesia and West Pomerania, and the city councils of Warsaw and Opole  Extraparliamentary opposition   Partido Ecologista Os Verdes  Extraparliamentary opposition   in coalition in some municipalities (with Portuguese Communist Party)  Extraparliamentary opposition   Green Party of Romania  Extraparliamentary opposition  2 mayor, 5 deputy-mayor, 117 local council member  Extraparliamentary opposition   Zelenaya Alternativa (GROZA)  unknown unknown Not an EU member   Scottish Green Party   Cooperation agreement, with two ministers outside of cabinet   The party has 35 councillors across Scotland most notably 10 in  Edinburgh  and 10 in  Glasgow  Not an EU member  Strana Zelených  Extraparliamentary opposition  unknown  Extraparliamentary opposition  Represented in parliament between 1990 and 2002  Stranka mladih Slovenije/Youth Party of Slovenia  Extraparliamentary opposition  Extraparliamentary opposition   Equo   1 deputy elected under the banner of Más País   In coalition in Valencia and Barcelona   In opposition   Miljöpartiet de Gröna   Confidence and supply   Represented in several municipalities, especially in urban areas. In opposition   Green Party of Switzerland   In opposition   Junior party in coalition cabinet in 7 cantons. Also in coalition in Bern, Geneva, Zurich, or Basel-City. Not an EU member   Green Left Party  Extraparliamentary opposition   unknown  Not an EU member  The party works inside HDP  Partija Zelenych Ukrajiny/Party of Greens of Ukraine  Extraparliamentary opposition  unknown  Not an EU member  (England and Wales)  Green Party of England and Wales   The party is represented in parliament by one MP and two life peers   The party has 766 councillors in English and Welsh councils, and has majority control in Mid Suffolk, as well as being in coalition in several other councils. It also has 3 London AMs  Not an EU member  The party dominated the Brighton and Hove City Council between 2011 and 2015.===Observers and associate member parties===Tim Jackson, author of Prosperity Without Growth. Country Name Government Notes  Federation for a Democratic China  Extraparliamentary Opposition   Belarusian Party "The Greens"   Zelenite/The Greens   Cartago Green Party  Represented at the local level  Socialistisk Folkeparti  Parliamentary support  In coalition 2011–14  Partido Verde Dominicano  Extraparliamentary Opposition   Les Verts de Guyane   Partido Los Verdes de Guatemala  unknown   Atjeh Green Party  Extraparliamentary Opposition  Indonesian Green Party   Hariyali Nepal Party   Verdes en Alianza  unknown   Philippines Greens   Green Russia  Extraparliamentary Opposition   Zeleni Srbije/Greens of Serbia   Junior party in coalition   Sri Lanka Green Alliance  Extraparliamentary Opposition
See also *Biodiversity*Climate change*Conservation movement*Direct democracy*Earth science*Ecology*Ecosystem*Environmental movement*Grassroots democracy*List of environmental organizations*Natural environment*Nature*Nature conservation*Participatory democracy*Sustainability
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