God in Disguise
Introduction '''''God in Disguise''''' (in Swedish: ''''''; sometimes translated to English as '''''A God Disguised''''' or '''''Disguised God'''''), Op. 24, is a cantata (officially "lyrical suite") for narrator, soprano, baritone, mixed choir, and orchestra written in 1940 by Swedish composer Lars-Erik Larsson. Tuneful and pastoral in style, the neoromantic ''God in Disguise'' is a setting of a 1933 narrative poem by the Swedish poet Hjalmar Gullberg; Gullberg's poem is itself based on the prologue to a Hellenic play, in which the god Apollo is exiled from Olympus and condemned to mortal servitude as a flute-playing Thessalian shepherd. The cantata, which premiered over Swedish Radio on 1 April 1940 under the composer's baton, was an instant success. It remains not only one of Larsson's most celebrated compositions, but also one of the most frequently performed pieces of Swedish art music.
Background Beginning in 1937, the Swedish Broadcasting Corporation—the country's national, publicly-funded radio—employed Larsson as a composer-in-residence, music producer, and conductor; his main task was to write music to accompany various radio programs. One of Larsson's colleagues was the Swedish poet Hjalmar Gullberg, who had joined Swedish Radio the year before and headed its drama division. Together, the two men developed a genre of popular entertainment they called the "lyrical suite", which alternated recited poetry with musical interludes. One such radio program was the ''Times of Day'' (), which included poems by—among others—Verner von Heidenstam and Oscar Levertin; Larsson subsequently excerpted his original music as the ''Pastoral Suite'' (; Op. 19, 1937–1938). To build on this success, Gullberg approached Larsson at a Christmas party in 1938 about the possibility of expanding the lyrical suite to include parts for vocal soloists and chorus—that is, to be transform it into a quasi-cantata; he suggested the composer set ''God in Disguise'' (''''), a narrative poem from his 1933 anthology '''' (). Gullberg's poem was itself a retelling of the prologue to a Hellenic play by Euripides, while also incorporating elements from the stories of Orpheus and Jesus. In it, Apollo—the Greek god of poetry—has been exiled from Olympus and condemned to live as a mortal for one year. "Wearing no wreath around his golden hair", he settles in Thessaly, "disguised ... among the serving-folk" as a flute-playing "goodly" shepherd who "bears his burden on earth ... without complaint". Gullberg's poem fired Larsson's imagination. "I instantly became deeply fascinated by the task," the composer recalled, "and together Gullberg and I planned the disposition of the different parts for soloists, chorus, and recitant ... It was not until the spring of 1940, however, that I felt the subject had matured sufficiently within me for the composition to begin". By then, the Nazi occupation of Denmark and invasion of Norway during World War II had begun, and Gullberg asked Larsson if he could add to his text a new forward in support of Sweden's threatened Nordic neighbors:''God in Disguise'' tells a story about Apollo, the Greek god of poetry and music, who in exile wanders earth disguised as a flute-playing "goodly" shepherd in Thessaly. ''God in Disguise'' is thus a "protest against violence" that "inspired in listeners a sense of calm and confidence during dark times and instilled in them the firm hope that truth and right would eventually prevail", or as the seventh poem states:The piece premiered over Swedish Radio on 1 April 1940, with Larsson conducting the Radio Entertainment Orchestra and Chorus () in Stockholm; the narrator was Olof Molander, the soprano was , and the baritone was Hugo Hasslo. ''God in Disguise'' dates to a transitional period in Larsson's art, in which he began evolving his established neoclassical style with an emerging neoromanticism.
Structure ''God in Disguise'', which lasts about 30 minutes, comprises ten sections:* Prelude (): Andante tranquillo Orchestra* Recitation: *:  (Forward). ... (''Not for the strong in the world but for the feeble'' ...)*: I. ... (''Who plays upon a pipe'' ...)* No. 2: Allegro moderato Chorus and orchestra* Recitation: *: II. ... (''Apollo stays in a Thessalian steading'' ...)*: III. ... (''Around the fire in autumn'' ...)*: IV. ... (''Well-being will follow / the path of a god'' ...)* No. 3: Agitato Baritone, chorus, and orchestra* No. 4: Alla marcia Chorus and orchestra* Recitation: *: V.  ... (''So let us praise this husbandman'' ...)*: VI. ... (''What shimmers in the forest'' ...)* No. 5: Andantino quasi allegretto Soprano, chorus, and orchestra* Recitation: *: VII. ... (''So gods are wandering yet upon the earth'' ...)*: VIII. ... (''Think you that sheep would / ever graze in the glowing morn'' ...)*: IX. ... (''When with a beck'ning glance'' ...)* No. 6: Andante—Andante molto tranquillo Soprano, baritone, chorus, and orchestra
Instrumentation ''God in Disguise''  is scored for narrator, soprano, baritone, mixed choir (sopranos, altos, tenors, and baritones), and orchestra. The orchestra includes the following instruments:*'''Woodwinds''': 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B), and 2 bassoons*'''Brass''': 2 horns (in F), 2 trumpets (in C), and trombone*'''Percussion''': timpani*'''Strings''': violins, violas, cellos, double basses, and harp published the cantata in 1946.
Recordings The sortable table below lists commercially available recordings of ''God in Disguise'':ConductorOrchestraNarratorSopranoBaritoneChoirTimeRecording venueLabel1  195631:01Royal Swedish Academy of Music2 Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra (2)Swedish Radio Choir (1)197330:50CirkusHMV / EMI Classics3Helsingborg Concert Hall Choir197831:23BIS4 Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra (3)Swedish Radio Choir (2)199330:00Berwald HallSony Classical5 Swedish Chamber OrchestraAmadei Chamber Choir199529:08Örebro Concert HallNaxos6 "Members of the Radio Symphony""Members of the Radio Symphony"200036:49Nosag7 Jönköping SinfoniettaJönköping Chamber Choir200228:54Jönköping Concert Hall8 Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra200831:47State Hall, Stockholm PalaceKungliga Hovstaterna
Notes, references, and sources ;;;**** * * * *