Seven chieftains of the Magyars
Introduction The Seven chieftains of the Hungarian tribes in the ''alt=Chronicon Pictum, Hungarian, Seven Chieftains, Álmos, Árpád, shield, Turul, bird, medieval, chronicle, book, illumination, illustration, historyÁlmos as depicted in the ''Chronicon Pictum''The chieftains. Detail from Árpád Feszty's cyclorama titled the ''Arrival of the Hungarians''.The '''Seven chieftains of the Magyars''' (or '''Hungarians''') were the leaders of the seven tribes of the Hungarians at the time of their arrival in the Carpathian Basin in AD 895.Constantine VII, emperor of the Byzantine Empire names the seven tribes in his ''De Administrando Imperio'', a list that can be verified with names of Hungarian settlements. The names of the chieftains, however, are not precisely known, as the chronicles include contradictory lists, some of which have been found to be false.
Chieftains Constantine VII does not give the names of the chieftains of the Hungarian tribes, but describes some aspects of the leadership.===According to Anonymus===A Hungarian chronicler known as Anonymus, author of ''Gesta Hungarorum'', names the seven chieftains as:* Álmos, father of Árpád* Előd, father of Szabolcs* ''Ond'', father of Ete* ''Kend'' (''Kond'', ''Kund''), father of Korcán (Kurszán) and Kaplon* ''Tas'', father of Lél (Lehel)* ''Huba''* ''Tétény'' (''Töhötöm''), father of HorkaMost probably all persons on this list were real and significant personalities, but the list, as that of the seven chieftains who started the conquest of the Carpathian Basin, is certainly false. Constantine VII names Tas as a grandson of Árpád. The relations of the early Hungarian leaders are subject of debate between historians.===According to Simon of Kéza===Hungarian chronicler Simon of Kéza names seven captains who led seven tribes in the ''Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum'':* Árpád, son of Álmos, who was the son of Előd, who was the son of Ügyek* Szabolcs* Gyula* Örs* Künd, father of Kusid and Kupian* Lél* Vérbulcsú ("Blood-Bulcsú"), whose name's origin is that "his father was killed by Germans in the battle of Krimhild", and for revenge, "he drank the blood of some, like wine".This list, having more legendary elements, is even less credible than that of Anonymus: only Árpád and Szabolcs match the time of the conquest.===According to Mark of Kalt===Hungarian chronicler Mark of Kalt names seven captains who led seven tribes in the ''Chronicon Pictum'':File:Arpad Kepes Kronika.jpg|alt=Chronicon Pictum, Hungarian, Árpád, Grand Prince of the Hungarians, shield, Turul, bird, sword, medieval, chronicle, book, illumination, illustration, history|Árpád, the first captainFile:Szabolcs vezér a Képes Krónikában.jpg|alt=Chronicon Pictum, Hungarian, Szabolcs, chieftain, shield, spear, armor, red, medieval, chronicle, book, illumination, illustration, history|Szabolcs, the second captainFile:Képes krónika - 25.oldal - Gyula, a harmadik kapitány.jpg|alt=Chronicon Pictum, Hungarian, Gyula, chieftain, spear, armor, helmet, medieval, chronicle, book, illumination, illustration, history|Gyula, the third captainFile:Képes krónika - 26.oldal - Kund, a negyedik kapitány.jpg|alt=Chronicon Pictum, Hungarian, Kund, chieftain, spear, shield, armor, medieval, chronicle, book, illumination, illustration, history|Kund, the fourth captainFile:Képes krónika - 26.oldal - Kund, Lél, Örs.jpg|alt=Chronicon Pictum, Hungarian, Lehel, Bulcsú, Örs, chieftain, captain, shield, sword, saber, spear, medieval, chronicle, book, illumination, illustration, history|Lehel, the fifth, Bulcsú, the sixth and Örs, the seventh captain=== According to Johannes Thuróczy ===Hungarian chronicler Johannes Thuróczy names seven captains who led seven tribes in the ''Chronica Hungarorum'':File:Thuróczy krónika - Árpád.jpg|alt=Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Árpád, Grand Prince of the Hungarians, sword, throne, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history|Árpád, the first captainFile:Thuróczy krónika - Szabolcs.jpg|alt=Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Szabolcs, Hungarian chieftain, throne, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history|Szabolcs, the second captainFile:Thuróczy krónika - Gyula.jpg|alt=Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Gyula, Transylvania, Hungarian chieftain, throne, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history|Gyula, the third captainFile:Thuróczy krónika - Künd.jpg|alt=Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Kund, Hungarian chieftain, throne, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history|Kund, the fourth captainFile:Thuróczy krónika - Lehel.jpg|alt=Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Lehel, Lél, Hungarian chieftain, throne, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history|Lehel, the fifth captainFile:Thuróczy krónika - Vérbulcsú.jpg|alt=Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Vérbulcsú, Bulcsú, Hungarian chieftain, throne, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history|Vérbulcsú, the sixth captainFile:Thuróczy krónika - Örs.jpg|alt=Chronica Hungarorum, Thuróczy chronicle, Örs, Hungarian chieftain, throne, medieval, Hungarian chronicle, book, illustration, history|Örs, the seventh captain=== In the Nádasdy Mausoleum ===The seven Hungarian leaders depicted in Nádasdy Mausoleum:File:Nádasdy Mausoleum - Árpád.jpg|ÁrpádFile:Nádasdy Mausoleum - Szabolcs.jpg|SzabolcsFile:Nádasdy Mausoleum - Gyula.jpg|GyulaFile:Nádasdy Mausoleum - Kund.jpg|KundFile:Nádasdy Mausoleum - Lehel.jpg|LehelFile:Nádasdy Mausoleum - Vérbulcsú.jpg|VérbulcsúFile:Nádasdy Mausoleum - Örs.jpg|Örs
Statues In Budapest, Hungary, the Heroes' Square, better known as Hősök tere, has a representation of the different chieftains at the base of the column.At the base of the column is a group of seven mounted figures representing the Magyar chieftains who led the Hungarian people into the Carpathian basin. In the front is Árpád, considered the founder of the Hungarian nation. Behind him are the chieftains Előd, Ond, Kond, Tas, Huba, and Töhötöm (Tétény). Little survives in the historical record about these individuals and both their costumes and their horses are considered to be more fanciful than historically accurate.File:Hosok Tere Budapest - Arpad Front.jpg|Statues of the Seven Chieftains on the Hősök tere (Heroes' Square) in Budapest, HungaryFile:Hosok Tere Budapest - left side.jpg|Left side view of some of the statues of the Seven chieftains of the MagyarsFile:Hosok Tere Budapest - Huba & Tas Magyar Chieftain.jpg|Side view of two of the seven statues of the Seven chieftains of the Magyars. Left: Huba. Right: TasFile:Hosok Tere Budapest - Tas Magyar Chieftain.JPG|Tas, a Magyar chieftainFile:Budapest Hősök tere.png|Árpád leading the other chieftainsFile:Budapešť, Hösök tére, socha krále Arpáda.jpg|Árpád's left profile
See also * Hősök tere* Magyar tribes
References