Med Hondo
Introduction '''Med Hondo''' (born '''Mohamed Abid'''; 4 May 1935 – 2 March 2019) was a Mauritanian-born French director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. Considered a founding father of African cinema, he is known for his controversial films dealing with issues such as race relations and colonization. His critically acclaimed 1970 directorial début feature, ''Soleil O'', received the Golden Leopard award at the 1970 Locarno International Film Festival and was chosen in 2019 by the African Film Heritage Project for restoration. His 1979 film ''West Indies'' was the first African film musical and, at $1.3 million, the most expensive production in African film history.In his later years, Hondo became known for dubbing Hollywood hits that included ''Shrek'', ''The Lion King'', ''The Nutty Professor'', and ''Se7en''.
Biography Hondo was born in 1935 in Ain Bni Mathar, to Morocco. His mother was Mauritanian and his father Senegalese. In 1954, Hondo went to Rabat, Morocco, to train to become a chef at the International Hotel School there. He emigrated to France in 1959 and found work first in Marseille and then in Paris, variously as a cook, farm labourer, waiter, dockworker and delivery man. He found that he and other African immigrants were unable to gain work in their chosen professions, and in the menial jobs they could find, they were paid less than the French. The difficulty of making a living during this time, as well as the racism he experienced, eventually provided inspiration for Hondo's films, including ''Soleil O'' (1970) and ''Les Bicots-nègres, vos voisins'' (1974).He began to take classes in acting and directing, and studied under French actress Françoise Rosay, acting in classic plays by Shakespeare, Molière and Racine. Hondo was unable to fully express himself with French repertoire theatre, and in 1966 formed his own theatre company with Guadeloupean actor Robert Liensol. Named Shango (from Shango, the Yoruba god of thunder), and later Griot-Shango, the company produced plays relating the experiences of Black people, including works by René Depestre and Aimé Césaire.In the late 1960s, Hondo started taking small acting roles in television and films. As he learned the craft of film making by careful observation of the work of others, he began to get work behind the camera. He began work on his first film, ''Soleil O'', in 1965.Made on a $30,000 budget, it was financed by Hondo's work dubbing American films into French. ''Soleil O'' played during International Critics' Week at the 1970 Cannes Film Festival, where it received critical acclaim. ''Soleil O'' received a Golden Leopard award at the 1970 Locarno International Film Festival. In 1981, Hondo was a member of the jury at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival.Hondo also worked frequently as a voice actor. He worked on the dubbing of many English-language films into French, voicing characters played on screen by Sidney Poitier, Morgan Freeman, Ben Kingsley and Danny Glover (on the rare occasions when Glover was not dubbed by Richard Darbois). Hondo dubbed several of Eddie Murphy's films, including ''The Nutty Professor'' (1996) and the part of Donkey in 2001's ''Shrek'' and its sequels.Med Hondo explained on his website that he met with Danny Glover in 1991 and presented his then-current project to him: a biopic of Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture. According to Hondo, an enthusiastic Glover voiced his interest in the lead role, and in taking part in the production side of the film, but then cut all communication with Hondo and co-writer Claude Veillot. Hondo claimed that Glover's own Louverture biopic project, financially backed by Hugo Chavez, was inspired by his original screenplay, and addressed an open letter to Glover in which he denied assertions from Glover's "Louverture Films" company that the script was a commission paid by Glover to Hondo. Hondo also mentioned his meeting with Glover in an English-language interview on French international news channel France 24.Hondo died in Paris on 2 March 2019, aged 83.
Filmography ===Director===*1967: ''Soleil O'*1974: ''Les Bicots-nègres, vos voisins'' (''Arabs and Niggers, Your Neighbours'')*1975: ''Sahel la faim pourquoi''*1977: ''Nous aurons toute la mort pour dormir''*1979: ''West Indies''*1986: ''Sarraounia''*1994: ''Lumière noire'' (''Black Light'')*1998: ''Watani, un monde sans mal''*2004: ''Fatima, l'Algérienne de Dakar''===Actor===*1964: ''Les verts pâturages'' (TV Movie)*1965: ''Belphégor'' (TV Mini-Series) as Gaillac*1965: ''Seule à Paris'' (TV Series)*1965: ''Bob Morane'' (TV Series) as Notomi, le guide indien*1966: ''Retour à Bacoli'' (TV Movie) as Un tirailleur*1967: ''Un homme de trop'' as Florent*1968: ''Tante Zita'' as James*1969: ''A Walk with Love and Death'' as Entertainer*1974: ''Aux frontières du possible'' (TV Series) as Le docteur Sosian Cisse*1975: ''Jo Gaillard'' (TV Series) as Carlos*1977: ''The Ambassadors'' as Med*1978: ''Safrana ou le droit à la parole'' as Récitant / Narrator (voice)*1989–1991: ''Commissaire Moulin'' (TV Series) as Max*1990: ''1871'' as Karl Marx*1997: ''La divine poursuite'' as the pilot*2000: ''Antilles sur Seine'' as Horace*2003: ''Funky Cops'' (TV Series) as Ace (French version, voice)*2006: ''Incontrôlable'' as Rex (voice)*2006: ''Asterix and the Vikings'' as pirate lookout (voice)===Dubbing===*1982: ''Gandhi'' as Ben Kingsley's Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi*1984: ''Beverly Hills Cop'' as Eddie Murphy's ''Axel Foley''*1984: ''Best Defense'' as Eddie Murphy's Lieutenant T.M. Landry*1994: ''The Lion King'' as Rafiki*1995: ''Se7en'' as Morgan Freeman's Detective Lt. William Somerset*1996: ''The Nutty Professor'' as Eddie Murphy's Sherman Klump*2001: ''Samurai Jack'' as Aku*2001: ''Shrek'' as Eddie Murphy's Donkey*2003: ''Xiaolin Showdown'' as Dojo*2004: ''Shrek 2'' as Donkey*2007: ''Shrek the Third'' as Donkey*2010: ''Shrek Forever After'' as Donkey
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