Führer der Unterseeboote
Introduction The post of '''''Führer der Unterseeboote (FdU)''''' ("Leader of the U-boats") was the senior commanding officer of U-boat forces in a theatre of war. The submarine service in the Kaiserliche Marine of World War I and the Kriegsmarine of World War II, used the title for several senior commands during those conflicts. It was senior to Flotilla chief (''Chef'') and was introduced as U-boat forces in an area expanded beyond flotilla size. In 1917 the posts of FdU were themselves subordinated to an overall "Commander of the U-boats" (''Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote'', or BdU). The post of FdU was revived in the 1930s with German re-armament and was held from January 1936 and until 17 October 1939 by Karl Dönitz. On that date he was named BdU, and two subordinate FdU posts were established, ''FdU West'' ("FdU West") and ''FdU Ost'' ("FdU East").In the further course of the war, several further posts were created for the commanders of U-boat regions
World War I  Area  Commando  Rank  Name  Timeframe North Sea  ''Uboote der Hochseestreitkräfte''  ''Korvettenkapitän''/''Fregattenkapitän''/''Kommodore''  Hermann Bauer  21 August 1914 – 4 June 1917 Baltic Sea  OdO  ''Kapitänleutnant''  Hans Adam  August 1914 – March 1915   ''Kapitänleutnant''  Alfred Schött  July 1915 – 10 December 1917 Channel Coast  U-Flotilla Flanders  ''Kapitänleutnant''/''Korvettenkapitän''  Karl Bartenbach  29 March 1915 – 30 September 1917  FdU Flandern  ''Korvettenkapitän''  Karl Bartenbach  1 October – 10 December 1917 Mediterranean Sea  U-Halbflottille Pola  ''Kapitänleutnant''  Hans Adam  1 July – 17 November 1915  Pola Flotilla  ''Korvettenkapitän''  Waldemar Kophamel  18 November 1915 – 8 June 1917  FdU Mittelmeer (Pola/Cattaro)  ''Kapitän zur See''/''Kommodore''  Theodor Püllen  9 June – 29 December 1917   ''Kapitän zur See''/''Kommodore''  Kurt Graßhoff  29 December 1917 – Oktober 1918   ''Kommodore''  Theodor Püllen  October 1918
World War II In the further course of the war, several further posts were created for the commanders of U-boat regions. * ''F.d.U. Ausb. - Führer der U-Ausbildungsflottillen'': Head of the training flotillas: Viktor Schütze, 7 February 1942 – May 1945* ''F.d.U. Italien - Führer der U-Boote Italien'': Head of the U-boats for Italy: Hans-Rudolf Rösing, from July 1942* ''F.d.U. Mitte - Führer der U-Boote Mitte'': Head of the U-boats for the central sector* ''F.d.U. Mittelmeer - Führer der U-Boote Mittelmeer'': Head of the U-boats for the Mediterranean: Werner Hartmann, January – August 1944* ''F.d.U. Nordmeer - Führer der U-Boote Nordmeer'': Head of the U-boats for the North Sea: Reinhard Suhren: January 1943 – May 1944* ''F.d.U. Norwegen - Führer der U-Boote Norwegen'': Head of the U-boats for Norway* ''F.d.U. Ost - Führer der U-Boote Ostsee'': Head of the U-boats for the Baltic Sea* ''F.d.U. West - Führer der U-Boote im Westraum'': Head of the U-boats for the West (France)
Notes
References *VE Tarrant (1989) ''The U-Boat Offensive 1914-1945'' Arms & Armour