Volcanic Eifel
Introduction The Laacher See, the largest volcanic crater lake in Central Europe near Andernach.The Weinfelder Maar or ''Totenmaar'', one of three maars near Daun.Tephra layers in a quarry near Weibern in the Brohl Valley.Mofettas on the southeastern shore of the Laacher See.The '''Volcanic Eifel''' or '''Vulkan Eifel''' (), also known as the '''East Eifel Volcanic Field''' ('''EEVF'''), is a region in the Eifel Mountains in Germany that is defined to a large extent by its volcanic geological history. Characteristic of this volcanic field are its typical explosion crater lakes or maars, and numerous other signs of volcanic activity such as volcanic tuffs, lava streams and volcanic craters like the Laacher See. The Volcanic Eifel is still volcanically active today. One sign of this activity is the escaping gases in the Laacher See.
Geographical location The Wingertsbergwand gives an idea of the amount of volcanic ash ejected during the eruption of the Laacher See volcano.The Volcanic Eifel stretches from the Rhine to the Wittlich Depression. It is bordered in the south and southwest by the South Eifel, in the west by Luxembourg and Belgian Ardennes and in the north by the North Eifel including the Hohes Venn. To the east the Rhine forms its geographical boundary, with no volcanicity immediately beyond it.The Volcanic Eifel is divided into three natural regions:* Volcanic West Eifel (Manderscheid, Daun, Gerolstein, Obere Kyll, Hillesheim (within the parish of Nohn),* Volcanic High Eifel (Adenau, Kelberg, Ulmen and Nohn),* Volcanic East Eifel (Brohltal, Vordereifel, Mendig, Pellenz)The centre of the Volcanic Eifel is the region around Daun and Manderscheid and the areas within the Mayen-Koblenz district.The landscape of the Volcanic Eifel is dominated by recent volcanism. Volcanic craters, thick pumice and basalt layers and maars create a diverse landscape that clearly witnesses to very recent events in geological terms.The entire Volcanic Eifel covers an area of about  and  has a population of about 200,000.=== Volcanoes ===The following volcanoes belong to the Eifel, sorted by height in metres (m) above sea level (Normalhöhennull, NHN):* Ernstberg (also: Erresberg), , county of Vulkaneifel – west* Scharteberg, , county of Vulkaneifel; with the Eifel Transmitter (SWR) – west* Prümscheid, , county of Vulkaneifel – not volcanic (eponymous quartzite ridge; other summits being the Scharteberg and Dietzenley)* Hochkelberg, , county of Vulkaneifel; with a transmission mast on its south summit – Tertiary* Nerother Kopf, , county of Vulkaneifel; with the castle ruins of the Freudenkoppe – west* Dietzenley, , county of Vulkaneifel; with a wooden observation tower – west* Arensberg, approximately , county of Vulkaneifel – Tertiary* Hochsimmer, , county of Mayen-Koblenz – east* Gänsehals, , county of Mayen-Koblenz – east* Engelner Kopf, , county of Ahrweiler (near Kempenich-Engeln) – east* Hochstein, , county of Mayen-Koblenz – east* Steineberger Ley, , county of Vulkaneifel; with a ''Volcano Information Platform'' (observation tower) – Tertiary* Rockeskyller Kopf, , county of Vulkaneifel – west* Hoher List, , county of Vulkaneifel; with the Hoher List Observatory – west* Wartgesberg, approximately , county of Vulkaneifel (near Strohn) – west * Veitskopf, , county of Ahrweiler; near Laacher See; with an observation tower, the Lydia Tower – east* Ettringer Bellberg, , county of Mayen-Koblenz (south of Ettringen) – east* Karmelenberg, , county of Mayen-Koblenz – east* Mayener Bellberg, , county of Mayen-Koblenz (north of Mayen) – east* Korretsberg, , county of Mayen-Koblenz (near Kruft) – east===Laacher See===Of particular note is the volcanic caldera known as Laacher See, the site of an eruption around 12,900 years ago that had an estimated VEI of 6.
Geopark and museums * Vulkanland Eifel National Geopark* Volcano Museum, Daun*Volcano House, Strohn*German Volcano Museum, Mendig
Geology The tephras deposited by past eruptions of the Volcanic Eifel are lithological deposits that are radiometrically dateable via argon-argon dating of K-feldspar grains. These have in turn been utilised to ascertain the ages of climatic changes such as transitions from glacial to interglacial states during the Pleistocene.
Future activity There is thought that future eruptions may occur in the Eifel, as:*Each year the Eifel rises by about a millimetre. *Geophysicists found that crust under the Eifel is thinner than most continental crust, suggesting that under the Eifel is a hot zone where magma is rising. *Persistent small earthquakes and underground heating. * Map of flood lake that may happen if the Rhine is blocked by a voluminous eruption in the EifelIn 2020, Professor Kreemer noted that Eifel was the only region within an area of Europe studied where ground motion happened at significantly higher levels than expected. It is possible that such movements originate from a rising magma plume. This activity does not imply an immediate eruptive danger, but might suggest an increase in volcanic and seismic activity in the region.
References
Further reading * Wilhelm Meyer: ''Geologie der Eifel.'' Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2013. * Hans-Ulrich Schmincke: ''Vulkane der Eifel: Aufbau, Entstehung und heutige Bedeutung'', Springer Spektrum, Wiesbaden 2014.
External links *  Homepage of Vulkaneifel district*  German Volcanological Society* *