Timeline of Croatian history
Introduction This is a '''timeline of Croatian history''', comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Croatia and its predecessor states. Featured articles are in '''bold'''. To read about the background to these events, see History of Croatia. See also the list of rulers of Croatia and years in Croatia.
7th century  Year  Date  Event 660   Porga became ''knez'' of the Principality of Littoral Croatia. Littoral Croatia was Christianized.
8th century  Year  Date  Event 799   ''Siege of Trsat'': Invading Frankish forces were repelled from Trsat, resulting in the death of their commander Eric of Friuli.
9th century  Year  Date  Event 803   Borna became ''knez'' of Littoral Croatia following the death of his father Višeslav. 810   Ljudevit became ''knez'' of the Slavs in Lower Pannonia. 823   Ljudevit died. 838   ''Knez'' Ratimir was deposed from the throne of Lower Pannonia in favor of the pro-French Ratbod. 839   ''Knez'' Mislav of Littoral Croatia signed a peace treaty with the Republic of Venice during the early phase of the Croatian-Venetian wars. 840   Venetian Doge Pietro Tradonico led a failed assault on the nearby Croat land of Pagania. The Byzantine Emperor Basil I helped break an Arab siege of Dubrovnik. 846   Pagania breached Venice and raided the Venetian town of Caorle. 879  7 June  Pope John VIII styled ''knez'' Branimir of Littoral Croatia ''Duke of Croats'', effectively recognizing Littoral Croatia as an independent state. 887  18 September  Venetian Doge Pietro I Candiano was killed in an attempted invasion of Pagania.
10th century  Year  Date  Event 925   ''Knez'' Tomislav of Littoral Croatia was crowned King of a united Croatia, establishing the Trpimirović dynasty 926   ''Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 926'': Tomislav defeated the invading forces of the Bulgarian Empire. 928   Pope Leo VI transferred the bishopric at Nin to Skradin. 948   Venice tried and failed to capture Dubrovnik. 949   King Miroslav was killed by ''Ban'' Pribina during a civil war started by his younger brother Michael Krešimir II, who succeeded him. 986   Byzantine Emperor Basil II recognized Croatia as an independent kingdom and declared King Stephen Držislav the Patriarch of Dalmatia and Croatia. 996   Venetian Doge Pietro II Orseolo stopped paying tax to the Croatian King after a century of peace, renewing old hostilities and starting a new phase of the Croatian-Venetian wars. 998   ''Siege of Zadar'': Emperor Samuil of Western Bulgarian Tsardom launched a military campaign against Kingdom of Croatia and besieged the city of Zadar.
11th century  Year  Date  Event 1000   ''Battle of Lastovo'': Doge Pietro II Orseolo of the Republic of Venice attacked the Town of Lastovo in the Kingdom of Croatia and destroyed it. 1020   King Krešimir III was accused in the death of his brother Gojslav. Pope Benedict VIII withdrew his title pending an investigation. Krešimir was restored. 1058   Peter Krešimir IV "The Great" succeeded his father Stephen I upon his death. 1076  8 October  Demetrius Zvonimir was crowned King in Solin by a representative of Pope Gregory VII. 1091   King Stephen II died peacefully without an heir, bringing the Trpimirović dynasty to a close. 1097   ''Battle of Gvozd Mountain'': King Petar Snačić died in a loss to King Coloman of Hungary.
12th century  Year  Date  Event 1102   The Croatian nobility agreed to the ''Pacta conventa'' under which Croatia was joined in a personal union with Hungary, with the King appointing the ''Ban'' of Croatia and the Croatian nobility holding power in a ''Sabor'', or Parliament. 1185   Serbian forces launched a failed siege against Dubrovnik.
13th century  Year  Date  Event 1204  26 August  Emeric abdicated the throne to his young son Ladislaus III of Hungary. 1205  7 May  Ladislaus died. He was succeeded by Emeric's younger brother Andrew II of Hungary. 1235  21 September  Andrew died. He was succeeded by his son Béla IV of Hungary. 1242  16 November  Béla issued the Golden Bull of 1242, giving the residents of Gradec some individual and democratic rights and releasing them from allegiance to local lords. 1270  3 May  Béla died. He was succeeded by his son, Stephen V of Hungary. 1272  6 August  Stephen died. He was succeeded by his son Ladislaus IV of Hungary. 1293   Paul I Šubić of Bribir became ''Ban'' of Croatia. 1299   Paul conquered Bosnia, taking the title of ''Dominus of Bosnia'', and appointing his brother Mladen I Šubić of Bribir ''Ban'' of Bosnia.
14th century  Year  Date  Event 1301  14 January  Andrew died without a son. Charles Martel's son Charles I of Hungary was crowned King of Hungary. 27 August  The Hungarian nobility crowned Wenceslaus III of Bohemia King of Hungary and Croatia. 1305   After quashing resistance in Bosnia, Paul I Šubić took the title ''Lord of All Bosnia'' and the exclusive power of coining money. 6 December  Wenceslaus III of Bohemia abdicated the throne to Otto III, Duke of Bavaria. 1307  June  Otto was imprisoned by the Transylvanian ''Voivode'' Ladislaus Kán. 10 October  The Hungarian nobility elected Charles King. 1308   Otto abdicated his claim to the Hungarian throne. 1312  1 May  Paul I Šubić died. His son Mladen II Šubić of Bribir succeeded him as ''Ban''. 1322   ''Battle of Bliska'': Mladen lost to a coalition of Croatian noblemen at Trogir. 8 October  Charles dismissed Mladen as ''Ban''. 1342  16 July  Charles died. He was succeeded by his son Louis I of Hungary. 1345  12 August  Siege of Zadar was laid by the Republic of Venice. 1358  18 February  The Treaty of Zadar was signed. Venice ceded Dalmatia to Croatia. 1370  17 November  Louis became King of Poland on the death of Casimir III the Great. 1382  11 September  Louis died. He was succeeded in Hungary by his ten-year-old daughter Mary, Queen of Hungary with his wife Elizabeth of Bosnia acting as regent. 1385   Mary was overthrown by Charles III of Naples. 1386  7 February  Charles was assassinated on Elizabeth's orders. 1387  31 March  Mary was again crowned Queen of Hungary. Her husband Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor was crowned King. 1390   Charles's son Ladislaus of Naples expressed a claim to the throne of Hungary. 1392   Sigismund appointed Nicholas II Garay ''Ban'' of Croatia. 1395  17 May  Mary died under suspicious circumstances. Sigismund became the sole ruler of Croatia and Hungary. 1397   Nicholas left office. 27 February  ''Bloody Sabor of Križevci'': Croatian ''Ban'' Stjepan II Lacković was killed in Križevci for supporting Ladislaus against King Sigismund.
15th century  Year  Date  Event 1403  5 August  Hungarian nobles opposed to Sigismund crowned Ladislaus King. 1406   Hermann II, Count of Celje became ''Ban'' of Croatia. 1408   Hermann left office. 1409   Ladislaus sold his rights on Dalmatia to Venice. 1437  9 December  Sigismund died. 1438  1 January  Sigismund's son-in-law Albert II of Germany was crowned King of Hungary and Croatia according to his will. 1439  27 October  Albert died without a male heir; his wife was pregnant with his son Ladislaus the Posthumous. 1440  22 February  Ladislaus was born. 15 May  Władysław III of Poland accepted the Hungarian crown from the nobility. Ladislaus's mother crowned him King. 1444  10 November  ''Battle of Varna'': Władysław died in a battlefield loss to the Ottoman Empire. The Hungarian nobility elected Ladislaus, then imprisoned in Schloss Ort by his second cousin Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, with John Hunyadi acting as regent. 1452   Ladislaus was freed by Ulrich II, Count of Celje, who became his guardian and effectively his regent. 1456  9 November  Ulrich was killed by Hunyadi's son Ladislaus. 1457  16 March  Ladislaus had Ladislaus Hunyadi beheaded and fled Hungary. 23 November  Ladislaus died, probably of leukemia. 1458  20 January  The Hungarian nobility elected Ladislaus Hunyadi's brother Matthias Corvinus King. 1472   Nicholas of Ilok became ''Ban'' of Croatia. Nicholas left office. 1483   Matija Gereb was made ''Ban''. 1489   Gereb left office. 1490  6 April  Matthias died without legitimate heirs. 18 September  The Hungarian nobility elected Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary as King. 1493  9 September  ''Battle of Krbava field'': Croatia suffered a defeat at the hands of the Ottoman Empire. 1499   Matthias's illegitimate son John Corvinus became ''Ban'' of Croatia.
16th century  Year  Date  Event 1504  12 October  Corvinus died. 1513   Petar Berislavić was appointed ''Ban'' of Croatia. 1516  13 March  Vladislaus died. He was succeeded by his ten-year-old son Louis II of Hungary, with a royal council appointed by the Hungarian diet acting as regent. 1520  20 May  Berislavić was killed. 1521   Ivan Karlović became ''Ban''. 1524   Karlović left office. 1526  29 August  ''Battle of Mohács'': Louis died childless in a crushing defeat at the hands of the Ottoman Empire near Mohács. 10 November  John Zápolya was crowned King of Hungary. December  Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor crowned himself King of Hungary. 1527   Karlović again became ''Ban''. 1 January  1527 election in Cetin: The Croatian nobility unanimously elected Ferdinand King and confirmed the succession to his heirs, ending the personal union with Hungary. 27 September  ''Battle of Tarcal'': Forces allied to Ferdinand dealt a bloody defeat to supporters of Zápolya. 1528  20 March  ''Battle of Szina'': Zápolya was defeated and forced to flee to Poland. 1531   Karlović died. 1537   Petar Keglević became ''Ban''. 1538  24 February  The Treaty of Grosswardein was signed, dividing Hungary between Ferdinand and Zápolya and making Ferdinand heir to the entire kingdom on the death of the then-childless Zápolya. 1540  18 July  Zápolya had a son, John II Sigismund Zápolya. 22 July  Zápolya died. The Hungarian nobility recognized his son John II as King. 1542   Keglević was removed from office. Nikola Šubić Zrinski was appointed ''Ban''. 1553   In response to repeated Ottoman incursions, Ferdinand established the directly administered Croatian Military Frontier. 1556   Zrinski was removed from office. 1557   Péter Erdődy was appointed ''Ban''. 1564  25 July  Ferdinand died. He was succeeded by his son Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor. 1566  8 September  ''Siege of Szigetvár'': The forces of the Ottoman Empire suffered losses taking the fortress at Szigetvár that forced them to abandon their advance on Vienna. 1567   Erdődy died. 1570   Hungarian King John II abdicated the throne to Maximilian. 1573  28 January  ''Croatian–Slovenian peasant revolt'': A peasant revolt led by Matija Gubec began which sought to overthrow the power of the nobility. 9 February  ''Croatian–Slovenian peasant revolt'': Gubec was captured. 1576  12 October  Maximilian died. He was succeeded by his son Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. 1578   Krsto Ungnad was appointed ''Ban''. 1583   Ungnad left office. He was succeeded as ''Ban'' by Tamás Erdődy. 1584  26 October  ''Battle of Slunj'': Invading Ottoman forces were defeated by the defending Croatian army. 1592   ''Siege of Bihać'': Once capital of Croatia conquered by the Ottomans; never reconquered back, lost for Croatia forever. 1593  22 June  ''Battle of Sisak'': Croatia dealt the Ottoman Empire a crushing defeat at Sisak. 1595   Erdődy left office.
17th century  Year  Date  Event 1608   Erdődy again became ''Ban''. 19 November  Rudolf was deposed from the throne of Croatia by his brother Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor. 1615   Erdődy left office. 1618  1 July  Matthias was succeeded by his cousin Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. 1622  15 November  Juraj V Zrinski was appointed ''Ban''. 1626  28 December  Zrinski was poisoned. 1637  15 February  Ferdinand II died. He was succeeded by his son Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor. 1647   Nikola Zrinski was appointed ''Ban'' of Croatia. 1657  2 April  Ferdinand III died. He was succeeded by his son Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. 1663  September  ''Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)'': An Ottoman army invaded Hungary. 1664  5 June  ''Siege of Novi Zrin (1664)'': Ottoman forces started to besiege the fortress in Međimurje County. 1 August  ''Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)'' : Ottoman forces were dealt a decisive defeat by the League of the Rhine at Szentgotthárd. 10 August  ''Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)'': The Peace of Vasvár was signed, ending hostilities for twenty years and ceding some Croatian land to the Ottoman Empire. 18 November Nikola Zrinski died. 1665  24 January  Petar Zrinski was appointed ''Ban''. 1671  30 April  Zrinski was executed for high treason in connection with the Magnate conspiracy. Miklós Erdődy was appointed ''Ban'' of Croatia. 1693   Erdődy died.
18th century  Year  Date  Event 1704  24 January  János Pálffy was appointed ''Ban''. 1705  5 May  Leopold died. He was succeeded as king by his son Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor. 1711  17 April  Joseph died of smallpox. He was succeeded by his younger brother Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. 1713  9 April  Charles issued the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, which made it possible for women to inherit the Habsburg throne. 1732  17 February  Pálffy left office. 1740  20 October  Charles died. He was succeeded by his daughter, Queen Maria Theresa. 1743  16 March  Károly József Batthyány became ''Ban''. 1756   The capital was moved from Zagreb to Varaždin. 6 July  Batthyány left office. 1758   ''Arithmetika Horvatzka'', Croatia's first arithmetic textbook is published in Zagreb by Mihalj Šilobod Bolšić (1724–1787). 1776   A fire destroyed two-thirds of Varaždin. The Croatian capital moved back to Zagreb. 1780  29 November  Maria Theresa died. Her son Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor became King of Croatia. 1790  20 February  Joseph died. He was succeeded by his younger brother Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor. 1792  1 March  Leopold died. He was succeeded by his son Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.
19th century  Year  Date  Event 1804  11 August  Francis established the Austrian Empire on the territories of the Habsburg monarchy. 1806   Ignaz Gyulai was appointed ''Ban'' of Croatia. 1831  11 November  Gyulai died. 1832  10 February  Franjo Vlašić was appointed ''Ban''. 1835  2 March  Francis died of fever. He was succeeded as king by his son Ferdinand I of Austria. 1840  16 May  Vlašić died. He was succeeded as acting ''Ban'' by Juraj Haulik. 1845  29 July  Thirteen protesters, the July victims, were killed in Zagreb while protesting a flawed local election. 1848  15 March  ''Hungarian Revolution of 1848'': Revolutionaries read the 12 points of the Hungarian Revolutionaries of 1848 before a crowd in Buda. The crowd marched on the Imperial Governing Council and forced Ferdinand's representatives to sign them. 23 March  Josip Jelačić was appointed ''Ban''. 11 April  Ferdinand signed the April Laws, devolving some powers to the Kingdom of Hungary. 19 April  The ''Sabor'' proclaimed the union of the Croatian provinces, their secession from the Kingdom of Hungary within the Austrian Empire, and the abolition of serfdom. It further declared the equality of peoples in Croatia. 29 September  ''Battle of Pákozd'': A revolutionary army seeking Hungarian independence from Austria forced a Croatian retreat. 2 December  ''Hungarian Revolution of 1848'': Ferdinand abdicated in favor of his nephew Franz Joseph I of Austria. 1859  20 May  Jelačić died. 28 July  Johann Baptist Coronini-Cronberg was appointed ''Ban''. 1860  19 June  Josip Šokčević was appointed ''Ban''. 1866  14 June  ''Austro-Prussian War'': Prussia declared war on Austria. 3 July  ''Battle of Königgrätz'': Austria suffered a devastating defeat at Prussian hands at Königgrätz. 23 August  ''Austro-Prussian War'': The Peace of Prague (1866) was signed, ending the war. 1867  30 March  The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was ratified, establishing the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary which devolved almost all power to the Austrian and Hungarian kingdoms respectively. 27 June  Levin Rauch was appointed acting ''Ban''. 20 October  A new electoral law reduced the size of the ''Sabor'' to sixty-six seats. 1868   The Croatian–Hungarian Settlement was signed by the Hungarian Parliament and the Croatian ''Sabor''. The Kingdom of Slavonia was incorporated into Croatia; the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was established as an autonomous state within Hungary. 1871  26 January  Koloman Bedeković succeeded Rauch as ''Ban''. 8 October  ''Rakovica Revolt'': Politician Eugen Kvaternik declared the establishment of an independent Croatian government, seated at Rakovica and incorporating the Croatian Military Frontier. 11 October  ''Rakovica Revolt'': Kvaternik was executed. 1873  20 September  Ivan Mažuranić became ''Ban''. 1880  21 February  Ladislav Pejačević succeeded Mažuranić as ''Ban''. 1881   The Croatian Military Frontier was incorporated into Croatia-Slavonia. 1883  19 April  ''Croatian parliamentary by-election, 1883'': The first day of elections to the ''Sabor'' from the former territories of the Croatian Military Frontier was held. 21 April  ''Croatian parliamentary by-election, 1883'': The last day of elections was held. The government list won a majority of available seats. 4 September  Hermann von Ramberg succeeded Pejačević as ''Ban''. 1 December  Ramberg was dismissed. 4 December  Károly Khuen-Héderváry became ''Ban''. 1884  16 September  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1884'': The first day of balloting was held. 19 September  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1884'': The last day of balloting was held. The People's Party won a majority of seats in the ''Sabor''. 1895  16 October  ''1895 visit of Emperor Franz Joseph to Zagreb'': Student protesters burned the Hungarian flag in Ban Jelačić Square. 1897  19 May  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1897'': The first day of elections was held. 22 May  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1897'': The last day of balloting was held. The People's Party won a majority of seats in the ''Sabor''.
20th century  Year  Date  Event 1903  27 June  ''Ban'' Khuen-Héderváry resigned to become the Hungarian Prime Minister. Teodor Pejačević was appointed ''Ban''. 1907  26 June  Aleksandar Rakodczay became ''Ban''. 1908  8 January  Pavao Rauch was appointed ''Ban''. 27 February  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1908'': The first day of balloting was held. 28 February  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1908'': The second day of balloting was held. The Croat-Serb Coalition won a majority of seats in the ''Sabor''. 12 March  Rauch dissolved the ''Sabor''. 1910  5 February  Rauch was dismissed and replaced as ''Ban'' by Nikola Tomašić. 28 October  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1910'': The Croat-Serb Coalition won a plurality of seats in the ''Sabor''. 1912  19 January  Slavko Cuvaj was appointed ''Ban''. 1913  21 July  Ivan Škrlec was appointed ''Ban''. 16 December  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1913'': The first day of balloting was held. 17 December  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1913'': The second day of balloting was held. The Croat-Serb Coalition won a majority of seats in the ''Sabor''. 1914  28 June  ''Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria'': Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip of the Bosnian separatist group Young Bosnia. 23 July  ''July Crisis'': Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia, demanding, among other things, the right to participate in the investigation into the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, which Serbia refused. 28 July  ''World War I'': Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. 30 July  ''World War I'': Russia mobilized its army to defend Serbia. 1915   Škrlec reconvened the ''Sabor''. 26 April  ''World War I'': The secret Treaty of London (1915) was signed, under which Russia, France and the United Kingdom recognized Italian territorial claims (including some in Croatia) in return for Italy's joining the war on the side of the Triple Entente. 1916  21 November  Franz Joseph I of Austria died. He was succeeded as king by his grandnephew Charles I of Austria. 1917  29 June  Skerlecz resigned. Antun Mihalović became ''Ban''. 1918  29 October  The ''Sabor'' dissolved Croatia's union with Austria-Hungary and incorporated the Kingdom of Dalmatia into the new State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. 1 December  The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs joined with Serbia to form the new Kingdom of Yugoslavia under King Peter I of Serbia. 1919  20 January  Mihalović left office. 1920  12 November  Yugoslavia signed the Treaty of Rapallo (1920), acceding to Italian claims on some of its territory. 28 November  ''Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Constitutional Assembly election, 1920'': The Democratic Party, People's Radical Party and Communist Party were the three most successful parties by number of seats received in the Assembly. 29 December  The government issued a decree banning Communist propaganda and ordering the dissolution of all Communist organizations until approval of the Constitution. 1921  28 June  The Vidovdan Constitution, which abolished the traditional divisions of the region in favor of thirty-three ''oblasts'' ruled by royal appointees, was approved. 16 August  Peter died. He was succeeded as king by his son Alexander I of Yugoslavia. 1923  18 March  ''Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes parliamentary election, 1923'': The People's Radical Party won a plurality of seats in Parliament. 1925  8 February  ''Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes parliamentary election, 1925'': The People's Radical Party won a plurality of seats in Parliament. 1927  11 September  ''Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes parliamentary election, 1927'': The People's Radical Party won a plurality of seats in Parliament. 1928  20 June  Puniša Račić of the People's Radical Party shot five members of the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) during a session of Parliament. Two were killed instantly, and Party leader Stjepan Radić was fatally wounded. 8 August  Radić died. 1929  6 January  ''6 January Dictatorship'': Alexander issued a decree dissolving Parliament and abolishing the Constitution. 3 October  Alexander replaced the thirty-three ''oblasts'' with nine ''banovinas''. 1931  3 September  ''6 January Dictatorship'': Alexander issued the 1931 Yugoslav Constitution, ending the dictatorship. 1934  9 October  Alexander was assassinated by a Bulgarian mercenary, Vlado Chernozemski, with the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization; Chernozemski had been contracted by the Ustaše, which was formed in 1929.Alexander was succeeded by his eleven-year-old son, Peter, with his cousin, Prince Paul, leading a regency council of three. 1935  5 May  ''Yugoslavian parliamentary election, 1935'': The Yugoslav National Party won a majority of seats in Parliament. 1938  11 December  ''Yugoslavian parliamentary election, 1938'': The Yugoslav Radical Union won a majority of seats in Parliament. 1939  23 August  The Cvetković–Maček Agreement was approved, establishing the autonomous Banovina of Croatia with an elected ''Sabor'' and a crown-appointed ''Ban''. 26 August  Ivan Šubašić was appointed ''Ban'' of Croatia. 1941  25 March  ''World War II'': Prince Paul signed the Tripartite Pact, pledging support to the Axis Powers. 27 March  ''Yugoslav military coup of 27 March 1941'': A military ''coup'' overthrew the Regency and declared Peter II to be of age. 6 April  World War II in Yugoslavia begins 6 April  ''Invasion of Yugoslavia'': Germany opened an invasion of Yugoslavia with an air attack on '''Belgrade'''. 10 April  Independent State of Croatia declared by Ante Pavelić of the ''Ustaše''. 13 May  Croatia signed a treaty establishing its borders with Germany. 18 May  Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta was crowned King Tomislav II of Croatia by the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. 19 May  Croatia ceded land, including most of Dalmatia, to Italy by signing the treaty of Rapallo. 7 June  Croatia's borders with Serbia were established. 22 June  ''Operation Barbarossa'': Germany launched an invasion of the Soviet Union. 4 July  A call by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia to resist the ''Ustaše'' government marked the birth of the Yugoslav Partisans. August  ''Glina massacre'': The ''Ustaše'' killed several hundred Serb civilians in a church in Glina. 27 October  Croatia's borders with Montenegro were established. 1942  5 October  ''Operation Alfa'': Italian and Chetnik forces attacked the Partisan-held town of Prozor. 10 October  ''Operation Alfa'': The battle ended in a Partisan defeat. 26 November  The Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) was established as the political organization of the Yugoslav Partisans. 1943  15 May  ''Battle of the Sutjeska'': Axis troops surrounded the main Partisan force on the east bank of the Sutjeska river in Bosnia. 14 June  The National Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH), composed of Croatian members of the AVNOJ, held its first session and declared Vladimir Nazor President. 16 June  ''Battle of the Sutjeska'': The Partisans escaped across the Sutjeska. 25 July  Italian King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy dismissed his Prime Minister Benito Mussolini. 31 July  Tomislav abdicated on the orders of the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. 8 September  ''World War II'': An armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces was published, voiding Croatia's territorial concessions of 1941 and the Treaty of Rapallo (1920). 15 November  ''Operation Delphin'': Croatian forces undertook a campaign to capture several islands in the Adriatic Sea off the cost of central Dalmatia. 21 November  The second session of the AVNOJ established the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia, the government-in-waiting of a federal, democratic Yugoslavia under Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito. 1 December  ''Operation Delphin'': The operation concluded successfully. 1944  9 May  The Federal State of Croatia was established at the third session of the ZAVNOH. 13 May  The Department for the Protection of the People (OZNA) was established under Aleksandar Ranković. 25 May  ''Raid on Drvar'': German paratroopers attacked Partisan headquarters near Drvar. Tito escaped. 16 June  Tito and Šubašić signed the Treaty of Vis, which provided for a coalition of royalists and Communists in the government of the future Yugoslavia. 1945  30 March  ''Battle on Lijevče field'': Croatian and Chetnik forces met at Lijevče. 8 April  ''Battle on Lijevče field'': The Chetniks surrendered. 6 May  Pavelić fled the country. 8 May  World War II in Yugoslavia formally ends with the German Instrument of Surrender, but fighting continues. 14 May  Battle of Poljana: Retreating Axis troops were forced to surrender to the Partisans. 15 May  Bleiburg repatriations: After the retreating Axis column is stopped at Bleiburg, Austria, and forced by the British Army to surrender instead to the Yugoslav Partisans, the Yugoslav Partisans commit thousands of reprisals against the remnants of the Ustaše and the civilians who fled Croatia alongside them, as well as some Slovene, Serb, and Montenegrin collaborators. 10 June  Tito agreed to the separation of Allied and Partisan forces at the Morgan Line. 21 August  ZAVNOH declared itself the People's Parliament of Croatia. 25 August  The People's Parliament elected Nazor President of Croatia. October  The royalists in the Yugoslavian government resigned. 11 November  The Communist Party won an overwhelming majority of votes to the Constituent Assembly of Yugoslavia. 29 November  The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was declared and King Peter deposed. 1946  31 January  The 1946 Yugoslav Constitution came into force. 1947  10 February  The Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 were signed, solidifying Yugoslavia's border with Italy and establishing the Free Territory of Trieste, half of which was to be under Yugoslavian military occupation. September  The Cominform was established. 1948  May  ''Tito–Stalin split'': Croatian Communist Party member Andrija Hebrang was arrested after supporting the Soviet Union in a dispute with Yugoslavia. 28 June  ''Tito–Stalin split'': Yugoslavia was expelled from the Cominform. 1949  19 June  Nazor died. 1950  26 June  Tito announced the introduction of workers' self-management in Yugoslavia. 1953  13 January  The 1953 Yugoslav Constitution came into force. December  Vladimir Bakarić became President of Croatia. 1963  7 April  The 1963 Yugoslav Constitution came into force. 1967  13 March  ''Croatian Spring'': The Declaration on the Status and Name of the Croatian Literary Language was published, demanding equal status for the Croatian language. 1971  23 November  ''Croatian Spring'': A student protest began in Zagreb. December  ''Croatian Spring'': Tito forced Chair of the Croatian Communist Party Savka Dabčević-Kučar to resign. 1974  21 February  The 1974 Yugoslav Constitution came into force, establishing a nine-member Presidency of Yugoslavia of which Tito was president for Life. April  Ivo Perišin became President of Croatia. 8 May  Perišin was succeeded by a rotating Croatian Presidency under the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution. 1975  10 November  The Treaty of Osimo was signed, under which Italy and Yugoslavia were allowed to annex their respective occupation zones in Trieste. 1980  4 May  Tito died. He was succeeded as President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia by the Macedonian Lazar Koliševski. 15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Bosnian Cvijetin Mijatović. 1981  15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Slovenian Sergej Kraigher. 1982  15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Serbian Petar Stambolić. 1983  15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Croatian Mika Špiljak. 1984  15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Montenegrin Veselin Đuranović. 1985  15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Vojvodin Radovan Vlajković. 1986  10 May  Ante Marković assumed the Presidency of Croatia. 15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Kosovar Sinan Hasani. 1987  15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Macedonian Lazar Mojsov. 1988  15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Bosnian Raif Dizdarević. 1989  15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Slovenian Janez Drnovšek. 1990  23 January  A Communist Party Congress ended the party's legal monopoly in Croatia. 22 April  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1990'': The first round of elections was held. 6 May  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1990'': The second round of elections was held. The Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) won a majority of seats in all houses of Parliament. 15 May  The Yugoslavian Presidency rotated to the Serbian Borisav Jović. 30 May  The Serb Democratic Party (SDS) quit the Croatian Parliament. 25 July  A Serbian Assembly led by the SDS declared the establishment of the Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Kninska Krajina. 17 August  ''Log Revolution'': Secessionist Serbs barricaded roads connecting Kninska Krajina to the rest of Croatia. October  Kninska Krajina was superseded by the larger Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Krajina. 22 December  The current Constitution of Croatia was ratified. Franjo Tuđman of the HDZ was made President of Croatia. 1991  2 March  ''Pakrac clash'': Croatian police arrested 180 Serb rebels who had occupied the town of Pakrac. 25 March  Presidents of Croatia and Serbia partake in the Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting 31 March   ''Plitvice Lakes incident'': Croatian police entered the Plitvice Lakes National Park to expel the secessionist forces of Krajina. Two combatants were killed. 1 April  ''Plitvice Lakes incident'': The Yugoslavian army intervened to end the crisis. 1 May  Two Croatian police officers were taken prisoner by Serb secessionists in Borovo Selo. 2 May  The Croatian Parliament voted to hold a referendum on independence from Yugoslavia. ''Borovo Selo killings'': An attempt to free the captives resulted in a firefight between Serb rebels and police. Twelve Croatian policemen killed, with an unknown number of rebel casualties. 15 May  Serbia blocked the accession of Croatian Stjepan Mesić to the Yugoslavian Presidency. 19 May  ''Croatian independence referendum, 1991'': Croatian independence from Yugoslavia was approved in referendum, with 93% support. 25 June  The Croatian Parliament declared Croatia independent from Yugoslavia. Serb secessionists declared the Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia. July  ''Battle of Osijek'': JNA forces began shelling the town of Osijek. 15 July  ''Operation Coast-91'': JNA and SAO Krajina forces attacked the town of Biograd but were rebuffed. August  ''Operation Opera Orientalis'': Yugoslavian intelligence bombed Jewish cemeteries in an attempt to turn international opinion against Croatian independence. 1 August  ''Dalj massacre'': Serb rebels killed twenty-eight police officers and eleven Croat civilians in Dalj. 12 August  Serb secessionists declared the Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Western Slavonia. 25 August  ''Battle of Vukovar'': The Yugoslavian army and Serb militias laid siege to the town of Vukovar. 9 September  ''Battle of the Barracks'': The Yugoslavian barracks in Sisak surrendered to Croatian forces. 16 September  ''Battle of Šibenik (1991)'': The Yugoslavian army attacked Croatian forces in Šibenik. 22 September  ''Battle of Šibenik (1991)'': Yugoslavian forces were made to retreat. 1 October  ''Siege of Dubrovnik'': Yugoslavian forces surrounded Dubrovnik. 6 October  ''Operation Coast-91'': A truce was agreed. 7 October  ''Bombing of Banski dvori'': The Yugoslavian army bombed the government residence, the ''Banski dvori'' in Zagreb. 13 October  ''Široka Kula massacre'': Serb forces killed thirty-four civilians. 16 October  ''Gospić massacre'': A three-day massacre began during which Serb forces killed between twenty-three and one hundred civilians. 18 October  ''Lovas massacre'': Serbs forced a group of Croat civilians to walk across a minefield, killing twenty-one. 21 October  ''Baćin massacre'': Serb rebel forces killed some fifty-six civilians. 31 October  ''Operation Otkos 10'': Croatian forces moved to block a Yugoslavian advance on Zagreb. 4 November  ''Operation Otkos 10'': The operation concluded successfully. 10 November  ''Erdut massacre'': Serb rebels executed the first ten of the thirty-seven Hungarian and Croat civilians they would eventually massacre in Erdut. 12 November  ''Saborsko massacre'': Serb rebel forces killed twenty-nine civilians in Saborsko. 14 November  ''Battle of the Dalmatian channels'': A Yugoslavian ship was sunk by the Croatian navy near Split. 16 November  ''Battle of the Dalmatian channels'': The Yugoslavian blockade of Split was broken. 18 November  ''Battle of Vukovar'': The last Croatian forces surrendered. ''Škabrnja massacre'': Serb forces took the town of Škabrnja and began a massacre which would eventually claim eighty-six lives. ''Bosnian War'': The Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZBiH) established Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia at municipalities with majority of Croatian people on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 20 November  ''Vukovar massacre'': Some 264 civilians, mostly Croats, were murdered by Serb militias near Vukovar. 12 December  ''Operation Orkan 91'' The Croatian Army began an advance into Krajina. ''Operation Whirlwind'': The Croatian army attempted to cross the Kupa river against Krajina forces. 13 December  ''Voćin massacre'': A Serb paramilitary group, the White Eagles, killed several dozen people before retreating from Voćin. ''Operation Whirlwind'': The Croatian advance was stopped. 16 December  ''Joševica massacre'': Serb forces killed twenty-one civilians in Joševica. 19 December  Krajina declared independence from Croatia, proclaiming itself the Republic of Serbian Krajina. 21 December  ''Bruška massacre'': Serb forces killed ten civilians in Bruška. 1992  2 January  ''Operation Orkan 91'': A ceasefire was negotiated. ''Battle of Osijek'': A ceasefire was negotiated. 26 February  Krajina invested SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia and Western Slavonia. 6 May  ''Bosnian War'': The Graz agreement was drafted, delineating the demarcation between Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 26 May  ''Siege of Dubrovnik'': Croatian forces broke the siege. June  ''Operation Vrbas '92'': Military offensive of the Army of Republika Srpska against the HVO and ARBiH in Jajce. 14 June  ''Operation Corridor'': The Army of Republika Srpska launched an offensive against the joint forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Herzeg-Bosnia. 21 June  ''Miljevci plateau incident'': Croatian forces captured some thirty square miles in a surprise attack on Krajina forces. 26 June  ''Operation Corridor'': The operation ended with the successful linking of the two parts of Republika Srpska. 2 August  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1992'': The HDZ won a majority of seats in the ''Sabor''. ''Croatian presidential election, 1992'': Tuđman was reelected with 57% of the vote. 12 August  Hrvoje Šarinić of the HDZ was elected Prime Minister. 18 October  ''Croat–Bosniak War'': First armed clashes between the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH). 27 October  ''Operation Vrbas '92'': The operation concluded with the conquest of Jajce. 1993  22 January  ''Operation Maslenica'': The Croatian army launched an offensive to reconquer Krajina territory in northern Dalmatia. 1 February  ''Operation Maslenica'': The Croatian government halted the offensive. September  ''Operation Neretva '93'': ARBiH forces attack the HVO in Herzegovina and central Bosnia. 9 September  ''Operation Medak Pocket'': Croatian forces launched a southeastward offensive against Krajina towards the village of Medak. 17 September  ''Operation Medak Pocket'': Croatia negotiated a ceasefire under international pressure. 1994  23 February  ''Croat–Bosniak War'': The war was effectively ended with a ceasefire. 18 March  ''Croat–Bosniak War'': The Washington Agreement was signed, establishing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina within Bosnia and Herzegovina. 29 November  ''Operation Winter '94'': Croatian forces launched an offensive into western Bosnia and Herzegovina. 24 December  ''Operation Winter '94'': The offensive ended to Croatian territorial advantage. 1995  1 May  ''Operation Flash'': The Croatian Army launched an offensive which would reconquer the territory of the former Western Slavonia in Krajina. 2 May  ''Zagreb rocket attacks'': A two-day series of rocket attacks by Serb forces on Zagreb began which would kill seven civilians. 3 May  ''Operation Flash'': The offensive came to a successful conclusion. 25 July  ''Operation Summer '95'': Croatian forces launched a northward offensive from Bosnia and Herzegovina against Krajina forces. 30 July  ''Operation Summer '95'': The operation ended to Croatian territorial advantage. 4 August  ''Operation Storm'': One hundred and fifty thousand Croatian soldiers launched an offensive across a three hundred-mile front into Krajina. 9 August  ''Operation Storm'': The operation concluded with the surrender of Krajina forces at Vojnić. 8 September  ''Operation Mistral 2'': Croatian and Bosnia and Herzegovina forces attacked Republika Srpska forces in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. 15 September  ''Operation Mistral'': The battle ended in a Republika Srpska defeat. 29 October  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 1995'': The HDZ won a majority of seats in the ''Sabor''. 7 November  Zlatko Mateša of the HDZ was elected Prime Minister. 12 November  The Erdut Agreement was signed by representatives of Croatia and Krajina, establishing a Joint Council of Municipalities in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1995-1998), which would guarantee Serb rights under the protection of the United Nations Transitional Authority for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) and later under Croatian sovereignty. 14 December  ''Bosnian War'': The Dayton Agreement was signed, establishing Bosnia and Herzegovina as an indivisible federation, with an alternating presidency, of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska. 1996  15 January  The UNTAES mission began. 5 September  ''1996 Ston–Slano earthquake'': A strong 6.0 earthquake struck north of Dubrovnik. The worst of the damage occurred in the old town of Ston. There were no fatalities, but there was extensive damage to houses and cultural heritage. 1997  15 June  ''Croatian presidential election, 1997'': Tuđman was reelected with 61% of the vote. 1998  15 January  The UNTAES mission ended. 1999  26 November  Tuđman was declared incapacitated due to illness. Speaker of the Croatian Parliament Vlatko Pavletić became acting president. 10 December  Tuđman died of cancer. 2000  3 January  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 2000'': The Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP) won a plurality of seats in the ''Sabor''. 24 January  ''Croatian presidential election, 2000'': Mesić, running with the Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats (HNS), and Dražen Budiša of the Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS) qualified for the second round. 27 January   Ivica Račan of the SDP was elected Prime Minister, with the HSLS joining the SDP in coalition. 2 February  Zlatko Tomčić of the HSS was elected Speaker of the Croatian Parliament, replacing Pavletić in that role and as acting president. 7 February  ''Croatian presidential election, 2000'': Mesić won with 56% of the vote.
21st century  Year  Date  Event 2001   The Chamber of Counties was abolished by Constitutional amendment. 2003  23 November  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 2003'': The HDZ won a plurality of seats in the ''Sabor''. 23 December  Ivo Sanader of the HDZ was confirmed Prime Minister by the ''Sabor'', with the Croatian Party of Pensioners (HSU) and Independent Democratic Serb Party (SDSS) joining the HDZ in coalition. 2005  2 January  ''Croatian presidential election, 2005'': Mesić, running as an independent, and Jadranka Kosor of the HDZ qualified for the second round. 16 January  ''Croatian presidential election, 2005'': Mesić was reelected with 66% of the vote. 2007  25 November  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 2007'': The HDZ maintained its plurality in the ''Sabor''. Sanader was again confirmed Prime Minister, with the HSS and HSLS now supporting his candidacy. 2009  1 April  Croatia joins NATO 1 July  Sanader resigned. Deputy Prime Minister Kosor became Prime Minister. 3 July  ''2009 flu pandemic in Croatia''. First case confirmed with its origin from Australia. 526 people were infected and 22 people died from the Swine Flu. 27 December  ''Croatian presidential election, 2009–2010'': Ivo Josipović of the SDP and the independent Milan Bandić qualified for the second round. 2010  10 January  ''Croatian presidential election, 2009–2010'': Josipović won with 60% of the vote. 2011  4 December  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 2011'': The SDP won a plurality of seats in the ''Sabor''. 2013  1 July  Croatia becomes the 28th member state of the European Union. 2015  11 January  ''2014–15 Croatian presidential election'': Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović was voted to be the president of Croatia with 50,74% of the vote., becoming Croatia's first female president. 2015  8 November  ''Croatian parliamentary election, 2015'': The Patriotic Coalition won a plurality of seats in the ''Sabor'', with Croatia is Growing coalition coming second and MOST third. 2019-20  22 December – 5 January  ''2019–20 Croatian presidential election'' was held. Zoran Milanović (SDP) wins with over 52% popular vote against Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (HDZ) 2020  25 February-Present 2020 coronavirus outbreak in Croatia. Currently there over 210 cases of COVID-19 confirmed. 2020  22 March 2020 Zagreb earthquake. At 6:24 AM, an 5.4 magnitude earthquake hit Zagreb and killed 1 teenager from the falling bricks. Its shock traveled few hundred kilometers.202029 DecemberAn earthquake hit near village of Petrinja at 12:19 PM with magnitude 6.2ML  killing 7 people.2021GDP growth in Croatia increased by hitting record high 10.4% after contracting 8.1% in 2020 202212 JulyEuropean Union formally approved Croatia to become 20th Eurozone member by start of 202320225 September 2022-31 December 2023Croatia needs to show prices in both kunas and euros20221–31 DecemberEuro packages available to buy in Financial agencies and Hrvatska pošta d.d20231 JanuaryCroatia is going to officially join Eurozone as 20th member and Schengen area as 20th member20231–14 JanuaryDual kuna/euro circulation will be in effect
Map Timeline MapDateNameCapitalSymbolframeless7th centuryByzantine EmpireConstantinople165x165px220x220px7th century-925Duchy of Croatia''No permanent capital''frameless925-1102Kingdom of Croatia''No permanent capital''frameless1102-1526Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia. (Croatia in union with Hungary)''No permanent capital''165x165pxframeless(Shown in Red)1526-1868Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)''No permanent capital''165x165pxframeless(Shown in Red)1868-1918Kingdom of Croatia-SlavoniaZagreb165x165pxframeless29 October 1918 – 1 December 1918State of Slovenes, Croats and SerbsZagreb165x165pxframeless1918-1929Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and SerbsBelgrade165x165pxframeless1929-1941Kingdom of YugoslaviaBelgrade165x165pxframeless1941-1945Independent State of CroatiaZagreb165x165pxframeless1945-1963Federal People's Republic of YugoslaviaBelgrade165x165pxframeless1963-1991Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaBelgrade165x165pxframeless1991-NowRepublic of CroatiaZagreb165x165px
See also * Bans of Croatia* Croatian art* Croatian History Museum* Croatian Military Frontier* Croatian nobility* Culture of Croatia* History of Croatia* History of Dalmatia* History of Hungary* History of Istria* Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War* Kingdom of Dalmatia* Kingdom of Slavonia* Kings of Croatia* List of noble families of Croatia* List of rulers of Croatia* Military history of Croatia* Turkish Croatia* Twelve noble tribes of CroatiaCities in Croatia* Timeline of Rijeka* Timeline of Split* Timeline of Zagreb
References
Further reading * * *
Notes
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