Sixteen Arhats
Introduction The ''16 Arhats'', with various associated symbolic items; as depicted in a "gentle caricature" style Japanese painting, late 19th - early 20th centuryThe '''Sixteen Arhats''' (Chinese: 十六羅漢, pinyin: ''Shíliù Luóhàn'', Rōmaji: ''Jūroku Rakan''; Tibetan: གནས་བརྟན་བཅུ་དྲུག, "Neten Chudrug") are a group of legendary Arhats in Buddhism. The grouping of sixteen Arhats was brought to China, and later to Tibet, from India. In China, an expanded group of Eighteen Arhats later became much more popular, but worship of the sixteen Arhats still continues to the present day in China, Japan and Tibet. In Japan sixteen Arhats are particularly popular in Zen Buddhism, where they are treated as examples of behaviour. In Tibet, the sixteen Arhats, also known as sixteen sthaviras ('elders') are the subject of a liturgical practice associated with the festival of the Buddha's birth, composed by the Kashmiri teacher Shakyahribhadra (1127-1225). They are also well represented in Tibetan art.The sixteen Arhats are: Sanskrit  Chinese Pinyin Rōmaji  Tibetan  Tibetan pronunciation Piṇḍola Bhāradvāja  賓度羅跋囉惰闍尊者 Bīndùluóbáluōduòdū zūnzhě Bindorabaradaja sonja  བྷ་ར་དྭ་ཛ་སོ་ཉོམ་ལེན  Bharadwadza Sönyom Le Kanakavatsa  迦諾迦伐蹉尊者 Jiānuòjiāfácuō zūnzhě Kanakabassa sonja  གསེར་གྱི་བེའུ  Sergyi Be'u Kanaka Bhāradvāja/Kanaka 迦諾迦跋釐堕闍尊者 Jiānuòjiābálíduòdū zūnzhě Kanakabarudaja sonja  བྷ་ར་དྭ་ཛ་་གསེར་ཅན  Baradwadza Serchen/Serchen  Subinda/Abhedya  蘇頻陀尊者 Sūpíntuó zūnzhě Sobinda sonja  མི་ཕྱེད་པ  Michepa Nakula/Bakula  諾距羅尊者 Nuòjùluó zūnzhě Nakora sonja  བ་ཀུ་ལ  Bakula Śrībhadra/Bhadra  跋陀羅尊者 Bátuóluó zūnzhě Badara sonja  བཟང་པོ  Pal Zangpo Mahākālika/Kālika  迦哩迦尊者 Jiālījiā zūnzhě Karika sonja  དུས་ལྡན  Düden Chenpo Vajriputra  伐闍羅弗多羅尊者 Fádūluófúduōluó zūnzhě Bajarafutara sonja/Bajarahottara sonja  རྡོ་རྗེ་མོའི་བུ  Dorje Möbu Gopaka/Jīvaka  戎博迦尊者 Róngbójiā zūnzhě Jubaka sonja  སྦྱེ་བྱེད་པ  Bé Chépa Panthaka  半託迦尊者 Bàntuōjiā zūnzhě Hantaka sonja  ལམ་བསྟན  Lamchenten Rāhula  囉怙羅尊者 Luōhùluó zūnzhě Ragora sonja  སྒྲ་གཅན་འཛིན  Drachen Dzin Nāgasena  那伽犀那尊者 Nàjiāxīnà zūnzhě Nagasaina sonja  ཀླུ་སྡེ  Lü Dé Aṅgaja  因掲陀尊者 Yīnjiētuó zūnzhě Ingada sonja  ཡན་ལག་འབྱུང  Yenlak Jung Vanavāsin  伐那婆斯尊者 Fánàpósī zūnzhě Banabashi sonja  ནགས་ན་གནས  Nagnanepa Ajita  阿氏多尊者 Āshìduō zūnzhě Ajita sonja  མ་ཕམ་པ  Ma Phampa Cūḍapanthaka/Kṣudrapanthaka  注荼半吒迦尊者 Zhùtúbànzhājiā zūnzhě Chudahantaka sonja  ལམ་ཕྲན་བསྟན  Lamtren TenFile:明 吳彬 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153748.jpgFile:明 吳彬 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153750.jpgFile:明 吳彬 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153749.jpgFile:明 吳彬 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153751.jpgFile:明 吳彬 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153752.jpgFile:明 傳仇英 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP205345 CRD.jpgFile:明 傳仇英 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP205344.jpgFile:明 傳仇英 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP205343.jpgFile:明 傳仇英 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP205342.jpgFile:明 傳仇英 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP205341.jpg|5.File:明 傳仇英 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP205340.jpgFile:清 石濤 (朱若極) 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153727.jpgFile:清 石濤 (朱若極) 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153697.jpgFile:清 石濤 (朱若極) 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153723.jpgFile:清 石濤 (朱若極) 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153677.jpgFile:清 石濤 (朱若極) 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153729.jpgFile:清 石濤 (朱若極) 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153728.jpgFile:清 石濤 (朱若極) 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153722.jpgFile:清 石濤 (朱若極) 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153744.jpgFile:清 石濤 (朱若極) 十六羅漢圖 卷-The Sixteen Luohans MET DP153718.jpgFile:Arhats Rahula, Cudapanthaka, and Pindola FS-7620 05.jpg|Arhats Rahula, Cudapanthaka, and PindolaFile:Arhats Kanakavasta, Vajriputra, Kanaka-Bharadvaja, and Bhadra FS-7620 09.jpg|Arhats Kanakavasta, Vajriputra, Kanaka-Bharadvaja, and BhadraFile:Arhats Ajita, Kalika, and Vanavasin FS-7620 03.jpg|Arhats Ajita, Kalika, and VanavasinFile:Arhats Panthaka, Nagasena, Gopaka, and Abheda, from a six-part set of Arhat Immortal Thangkas FS-7619 08.jpg|Arhats Panthaka, Nagasena, Gopaka, and AbhedaFile:十六罗汉图因揭陀尊者.jpg|Painting of Ańgaja (Yīnjiētuó zūnzhě), out of a set depicting the sixteen arhats, by Guanxiu.9th - 10th century. China. File:宋 金大受 十六罗汉图 因揭陀尊者.jpg|Song dynasty painting of Ańgaja (Yīnjiētuó zūnzhě), out of a set depicting the sixteen arhats. China. Currently held in the Tokyo National Museum.File:宋 金大受 十六罗汉图 戎博迦尊者.jpg|Song dynasty painting of Gopaka/Jīvaka (Róngbójiā zūnzhě), out of a set depicting the sixteen arhats. China. Currently held in the Tokyo National Museum.File:Japanese - Covered Box in the Shape of Sixteen Arhats in a Begging Bowl - Walters 5394.jpg|Covered Box in the Shape of Sixteen Arhats in a Begging BowlFile:Mitsutera Obinzuru1.jpg|Pindolabharadrāja (Binzuru) statue in Mitsu-tera Temple, Osaka, Japan.File:Ingada Sonja.jpg|Ańgaja (Ingada sonja) holding a stupika in his right hand. Musée Guimet.
See also *Eighteen Arhats
Notes