Shirini
Introduction '''Shirini''' -- literally means "sweets" in Persian language ("shirin" = sweet). In Afghan culture shirini (sweets) are given in celebration. For example engagement parties are called “Shirini Khori” which is when the woman’s family accepts the suitor and provides an engagement sweet tray to the grooms family. People will give Shirini to relatives and those close after a wedding too in celebration similar to bonbonnieres. Other examples include a job promotion or graduation, where the individual who has graduated or been promoted may provide sweets to close ones. Shirini may also be used as a euphemism for bribes. In Afghanistan this has taken place under the Karzai administration bribes more commonly occurred in which people may refer bribes to Shirini. This can be attributed to the rampant culture of corruption and especially graft from police officers, who receive low salaries and are said to take bribes to subsist, to the highest level of government officials. Many interactions with authorities require ''shirini'' – like getting a new driver's license or paying a water or electricity bill. This discontent drove a wedge between the government and the Afghan people, who became increasingly resentful of the established politics under this administration. The western donors of Afghanistan and also by Afghan politicians, view the taming of corruption as crucial to the future of the country. As such, all candidates in the presidential elections in 2009 pledged to fight it. According to a survey by ''Integrity Watch Afghanistan'' in 2007, the average Afghan household had to pay round about $100 yearly in petty bribes, while 70 percent of the families in the poverty-stricken country survive on less than $1 a day.The report of United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) titled ''Corruption in Afghanistan: Bribery as Reported by Victims'', published in January 2010, calculated that Afghans had paid a staggering $1.2 billion bribes over a 12-month period ending Autumn 2009 – roughly equal to one quarter of the national GDP.
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