Haminoea
Introduction '''''Haminoea''''' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails or bubble snails, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs in the family Haminoeidae, the haminoea bubble snails, part of the clade Cephalaspidea, the headshield slugs and bubble snails.
Systematics Three different spellings (''Haminoea, Haminea, Haminaea'') were used for this genus over two hundred years. The ICZN finally made a decision that the correct spelling is ''Haminoea''.Oskars et al. (2019) restricted ''Haminoea'' to species from the Atlantic and eastern Pacific, and resurrected ''Haloa'' and ''Lamprohaminoea'' for Indo-Pacific species.
Description Many species within this genus have green algae growing on their shells. The posterior tip of the headshield is bilobed, except in ''Haminoea elegans''.
Species Species within the genus ''Haminoea'' include:*''Haminoea alfredensis'' P. Bartsch, 1915 - Distribution: South Africa, Length: 9–17 mm, Description: has a broad radular ribbon with about 40 teeth in each half row; translucent greenish color, dotted with yellow to orange spots. *''Haminoea ambigua'' (A. Adams, 1850)*''Haminoea angelensis'' F. Baker & G. D. Hanna, 1927 - Distribution: Gulf of California, Mexico, Length: 7 mm. *''Haminoea antillarum'' d'Orbigny, 1841 - Antilles Glassy-bubble, Antilles Paper-bubble - Distribution: Florida, Caribbean, Brazil. Length: 12–20 mm. **''Haminoea antillarum guadaloupensis'' Sowerby II, 1868 - Distribution : Florida, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Length: 12–18 mm, Description: globose shell with greenish yellow color, covered with longitudinal striae (= stripes); mantle with white  to greenish background with small black dots. * ''Haminoea binotata'' Pilsbry, 1895 *''Haminoea cyanocaudata'' Heller & Thompson, 1983**Description : translucent with green color (caused by growths of green algae), mottled with lightbrown spots, outlined in white, and darker brown dots; There can be a wide variation in the color pattern. This species is fairly uncommon, but, when found, it is always in large aggregations. *''Haminoea cymbiformis'' Carpenter, 1856**Distribution : Mexico*''Haminoea elegans'' Gray, 1825 '''Atlantic Elegant Paper Bubble; Elegant Glassy Bubble'''**Distribution : West Africa, Florida, Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil**Length : 23.5 mm**Description : found at depths up to 34 m; translucent mantle with patches of  brown and black; posterior end of the headshield is not bilobed; shell with spiral grooves. *''Haminoea exigua'' Schaefer, 1992* ''Haminoea flavescens'' (A. Adams, 1850)*''Haminoea fusari'' Alvarez, E.F.García, & Villani, 1993*''Haminoea fusca'' Pease, 1863**Distribution : Indo-Pacific**Length : 25 mm**Description : color of the shell : varies from greenish to brown, and light purple. *''Haminoea galba'' W. H. Pease, 1861**Distribution : Indo Pacific*''Haminoea glabra'' A. Adams, 1850**Distribution : Yucatán, Panama**Length : 4.3 mm*''Haminoea hydatis'' Linnaeus, 1758**Distribution : SW Britain, Ireland, France and south to the Mediterranean, Madeira and Canaries; Ascension Island, St. Helena, west coast of Africa**Length : 8–30 mm (shell : 15 mm)**Description : fragile shell hidden by the  mantle and parapodial lobes in crawling animals. Herbivorous swimming dark brown snail found on muddy sands, shell grit and algae fields, down to unknown depths. *''Haminoea japonica'' Pilsbry, 1895*''Haminoea margaritoides'' Kuroda & Habe, 1971 - Distribution: Japan, Length: 7 mmshell of ''Haminoea navicula''*''Haminoea navicula'' da Costa, 1778 - Distribution: SW Britain, south to the Mediterranean, Ascension Island, St. Helena; Atlantic and Mediterranean costas of France and Spain; Black Sea, Length: up to 70 mm (shell: 32 mm), Description: larger species, with heavier and darker-white shell; cephalic shield with short tentacular processes at front. Found on muddy sands especially among Eelgrass, ''Zostera marina''. Does not swim. This species is able to change its color to correspond with its environment. The color pigments (or melanophores) in the skin can be obscured. The skin color can change in this way from dark brown to white in four to five hours. (Edlinger, Malacologia 22; 1982)*''Haminoea orbignyana'' A. de Férussac, 1822 **Distribution : France to West Africa; Mediterranean, Eastern Atlantic**Length : 7 mm*''Haminoea orteai'' F. G. García Talavera, Murillo, & Templado, 1987**Distribution : Southern Spain*''Haminoea padangensis'' Thiele, 1825 '''Padang’s Delicate Bubble'''**Distribution : West-Pacific**Length : 11 mm*''Haminoea peruviana'' d'Orbigny, 1842**Distribution : Peru**Length : 11 mm*''Haminoea petersi'' (Martens, 1879)*''Haminoea petitii'' d'Orbigny, 1841 '''Straight Glassy-bubble''' **Distribution: Caribbean, Florida, Colombia, Brazil**Length : 12 mm*''Haminoea solitaria'' T. Say, 1822 '''Solitary Glassy-bubble, Say’s Paper-bubble, Solitary Paper-bubble'''**Distribution : Canada, Massachusetts to Florida**Length : 8–19 mm**Description : common bubble snail; oblong smooth shell; bluish-white to yellowish-brown. *''Haminoea succinea'' (T.A. Conrad, 1846) '''Amber Glassy-bubble'''**Distribution : caribbean, Florida, Colombia, Venezuela, Bermuda**Length : 12 mm* ''Haminoea templadoi'' Garcia, Perez-Hurtado & Garcia-Gomez, 1991* ''Haminoea tenella'' (A. Adams in Sowerby, 1850)*''Haminoea tenera'' A. Adams, 1850**Distribution : Australia*''Haminoea vesicula'' A. A. Gould, 1855  '''Blister Glassy-bubble, White Paper-bubble, Gould’s Paper-bubble'''**Distribution : West America, Alaska, Gulf of California, Mexico**Length : 19 mm**Description : common on muddy flats and on eelgrass; the middle posterior part of the cephalic shield has an indent; brown or greenish-yellowy shell; large, barrel-shaped body whorl covered by a rust periostracum; involute (= sunken) spire; long aperture; outer lip gradually increasing in width; the snail cannot retract completely into its shell. *''Haminoea virescens'' Sowerby, 1833 '''Green Glassy-bubble, Green Paper-bubble, Sowerby’s Paper-bubble'''**Distribution : Northwestern America from Puget Sound (Seattle) to Gulf of California. **Length : 13–19 mm**Description : Thin, fragile shell is ovate and yellowish-green; involute (= sunken) spire, with small perforation; body whorl with longitudinal growth ridges and minute grooves; large aperture; thin outer lip*''Haminoea wallisi'' Gray, 1825**Distribution : Australia**Distribution : New Zealand**Length : 30 mm (shell : 20 mm)**Description : very common; translucent snail with variable coloring, going from pale color with black dots, to a uniform black color; broad headshield; parapodia fold up and envelop most of the shell; thin, ovate translucent shell. ; Species brought into synonymy:* ''Haminoea angusta'' Gould, 1859:synonym of ''Cylichnatys angusta'' (Gould, 1859)* ''Haminoea callidegenita'' (Gibson & Chia, 1989):synonym of ''Haminoea japonica'' Pilsbry, 1895 Distribution: West America, Description: has a deeply bifurcate headshield. * ''Haminoea cornea'' (Lamarck, 1822):synonym of ''Haminoea navicula'' (da Costa, 1778)* ''Haminoea crocata'' Pease, 1860:synonym of ''Haloa crocata'' (Pease, 1860)* ''Haminoea curta'' A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''Liloa curta'' (A. Adams, 1850)* ''Haminoea cymbalum'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1833:synonym of ''Lamprohaminoea cymbalum'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)* ''Haminoea cymoelium'' Monterosato, 1917:synonym of ''Haminoea hydatis'' (Linnaeus, 1758)* ''Haminoea cyanomarginata'' Heller & Thompson, 1983:synonym of ''Lamprohaminoea cyanomarginata'' (Heller & Thompson, 1983)* ''Haminoea grisea'' E.A. Smith, 1875:synonym of ''Cylichna alba'' (Brown, 1827)* ''Haminoea maugeansis'' Burn, 1966:synonym of ''Papawera maugeansis'' (Burn, 1966)* ''Haminoea natalensis'' C. F. Krauss, 1848:synonym of ''Haloa natalensis'' (Krauss, 1848)* ''Haminoea ovalis'' Pease, 1868:synonym of ''Haloa ovalis'' (Pease, 1868)* ''Haminoea taylorae'' E. J. Petuch, 1987:synonym of ''Haminoea elegans'' (Gray, 1825)* ''Haminoea zelandiae'' Gray, 1843:synonym of ''Papawera zelandiae'' (Gray, 1843)
References *  Turton W. & Kingston J.F. 1830.The natural history of the District. In: N.T. Carrington, The Teignmouth, Dawlish and Torquay Guide, 2
Further reading * Powell A. W. B. (1979). ''New Zealand Mollusca''. William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand, * Pownall G. (1979). ''New Zealand Shells and Shellfish''. Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979 * Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213* Gofas, S.; Afonso, J.P.; Brandào, M. (Ed.). (S.a.). ''Conchas e Moluscos de Angola = Coquillages et Mollusques d'Angola. Shells and molluscs of Angola.'' Universidade Agostinho / Elf Aquitaine Angola: Angola. 140 pp. * Willan, R. (2009). ''Opisthobranchia (Mollusca).'' In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
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