Battle of Antivari
Introduction The '''Battle of Antivari''' or '''Action off Antivari''' was a naval engagement between a large fleet of French and British warships and two ships of the Austro-Hungarian navy at the start of the First World War. The old Austrian protected cruiser  and the destroyer  were blockading the Montenegrin port of Antivari, when on 16 August 1914, they were surprised and cut off by a large Anglo-French force that had sortied into the Adriatic. ''Zenta'' fought and was destroyed, to give ''Ulan'' a chance to escape, which she did. The ships of the Austrian fleet at Cattaro, unaware of events, did not come out of port to meet the Allied fleet. After blockading the Adriatic for a short while the French were forced to withdraw due to a lack of supplies.
Background When war broke out between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Montenegro, the Austro-Hungarians began a blockade of the Montenegrin coast as well as several bombardments of various towns including the port of Antivari (today Bar), where the protected cruiser SMS ''Zenta'' and destroyer SMS ''Ulan'' were stationed. The French Navy had decided to try to force the Austro-Hungarian Navy into a decisive fleet action by making a sortie into the Adriatic and bait the Austrians into engaging them. The Allied force consisted of two dreadnought battleships, 10 pre-dreadnought battleships, four armoured cruisers, one protected cruiser and more than 20 destroyers. According to Austro-Hungarian naval records, the main force of the Austro-Hungarian fleet was unaware of the Allied presence until SMS ''Ulan'' radioed them as she escaped from the battle.
Battle The Allied Fleet managed to cut off ''Zenta'' from the main Austro-Hungarian naval base at Cattaro. Badly outnumbered, ''Zenta''s commander, Captain Paul Pachner, decided to fight to allow ''Ulan'' to escape. ''Zenta'' also had a serious disadvantage because her 120 mm guns were significantly outranged by the heavier guns on the Allied ships. The French battleships scored many hits on ''Zenta'' without suffering any damage. ''Zenta'' was sunk with 173 men killed and over 50 wounded but the sacrifice enabled ''Ulan'' to escape.
Aftermath Unaware of the situation outside Antivari until it was virtually over, that part of the Austro-Hungarian fleet stationed at Cattaro did not sortie to give battle as the French had hoped. French ships were not damaged by Austrian gunfire however 3 major guns exploded while firing, and the following day ''Justice'', ''Démocratie'', and two destroyers were damaged in a series of collisions. The action ended the Austro-Hungarian blockade of Montenegro which was a success for the Entente. The French fleet could not remain in the Adriatic for long and had to return to Malta periodically for supplies.
Order of battle ===French Navy===* , dreadnought battleship, flagship* , dreadnought battleship* 1st Battle squadron** , pre-dreadnought battleship, Division Flagship** , pre-dreadnought battleship** , pre-dreadnought battleship, Squadron Flagship** , pre-dreadnought battleship** , pre-dreadnought battleship* 2nd Battle squadron** , pre-dreadnought battleship, Squadron Flagship** , pre-dreadnought battleship** , pre-dreadnought battleship** , pre-dreadnought battleship, Division Flagship** , pre-dreadnought battleship* 1st Light Division** , armoured cruiser** , armoured cruiser* 2nd Light Division** , armoured cruiser** , armoured cruiser* , protected cruiser* 3 Destroyer Squadrons===Royal Navy===* , armoured cruiser* , armoured cruiser* 4 Destroyers===Austro-Hungarian Navy===* Blockade Force** , protected cruiser** , destroyer* Auxiliary Force**  (1895)**  (1885)** 2 Destroyers
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