Grapholita
Introduction '''''Grapholita''''' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.
Taxonomy and systematics Georg Friedrich Treitschke established ''Grapholita'' in 1829 – in the 7th volume of ''Schmetterlinge von Europa'', with a type species he claimed to be "''Pyralis dorsana''", a taxon established by Johan Christian Fabricius in his 1775 ''Systema Entomologiae''. But Treitschke was misled by Jacob Hübner's misidentification of Fabricius' moth.The actual ''P. dorsana'' is today known as ''Dichrorampha petiverella'', as it had already been described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 edition of ''Systema Naturae'' as ''Phalaena'' (''Tinea'') ''petiverella''. The "''Pyralis dorsana''" of Hübner and Treitschke was subsequently identified as the species described as ''Tortrix lunulana'' by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775, which thus is today ''Grapholita lunulana''.===Species===''Grapholita'' currently has 126 recognised species, though the genus' distinctness from and delimitation against ''Cydia'' is in need of further study:* ''Grapholita amictana'' (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)* ''Grapholita amphitorna'' (Turner, 1916)* ''Grapholita andabatana'' (Wolff, 1957)* ''Grapholita angleseana'' (Kearfott, 1907)* ''Grapholita antitheta'' (Meyrick, 1911)* ''Grapholita arcia'' Diakonoff, 1988* ''Grapholita arcuatana'' Kuznetzov, 1992* ''Grapholita astrapephora'' Diakonoff, 1976* ''Grapholita aureolana'' Tengstrom, 1848* ''Grapholita auroscriptana'' Caradja, 1916* ''Grapholita bigeminata'' (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)* ''Grapholita biserialis'' (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)* ''Grapholita boulderana'' McDunnough, 1942* ''Grapholita caecana'' Schläger, 1848* ''Grapholita caeruleana'' Walsingham, 1879* ''Grapholita callisphena'' (Meyrick, 1907)* ''Grapholita caudicula'' Diakonoff, 1975* ''Grapholita cerasivora'' (Matsumura, 1917)* ''Grapholita chrysacrotoma'' Diakonoff, 1976* ''Grapholita comanticosta'' Kuznetzov, 1988* ''Grapholita compositella'' – clover seed moth* ''Grapholita conficitana'' (Walker, 1863)* ''Grapholita conversana'' Walsingham, 1879* ''Grapholita coronillana'' Lienig & Zeller, 1846* ''Grapholita cotoneastri'' Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968* ''Grapholita curviphalla'' Liu & Yan, 1998* ''Grapholita cyanogona'' (Meyrick, 1907)* ''Grapholita dactyla'' Liu & Yan, 1998* ''Grapholita decolorana'' Walker, 1863 * ''Grapholita delineana'' Walker, 1863* ''Grapholita diaphorotorna'' Diakonoff, 1983* ''Grapholita difficilana'' (Walsingham, 1900)* ''Grapholita dilectabilis'' Kuznetzov, 1972* ''Grapholita dimorpha'' Komai, 1979* ''Grapholita discretana'' Wocke in Staudinger & Wocke, 1861* ''Grapholita dohrniana'' Zeller, 1863* ''Grapholita dyarana'' (Kearfott, 1907)* ''Grapholita dysaethria'' Diakonoff, 1982* ''Grapholita eclipsana'' Zeller, 1875* ''Grapholita edwardsiana'' (Kearfott, 1907)* ''Grapholita endrosias'' (Meyrick, 1907)* ''Grapholita exigua'' Kuznetzov, 1972* ''Grapholita fana'' (Kearfott, 1907)* ''Grapholita fimana'' Snellen, 1883* ''Grapholita fissana'' (Frölich, 1828)* ''Grapholita fistularis'' (Meyrick, 1928)* ''Grapholita floricolana'' (Meyrick, 1881)* ''Grapholita funebrana'' – plum fruit moth* ''Grapholita geministriata'' (Walsingham, 1900)* ''Grapholita gemmiferana'' Treitschke, 1835* ''Grapholita globella'' Liu & Yan, 1998* ''Grapholita globovalva'' Liu & Yan, 1998* ''Grapholita glycyrrhizana'' (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky, Kuznetsov & Falkovitsh, 1962)* ''Grapholita gypsothicta'' (Meyrick, 1938)* ''Grapholita hamatana'' Kennel, 1901* ''Grapholita heptatoma'' Diakonoff, 1976* ''Grapholita hieroglyphana'' Blanchard & Knudson, 1984* ''Grapholita hyalitis'' (Meyrick, 1909)* ''Grapholita hylophanes'' (Meyrick, 1928)* ''Grapholita hymenosa'' Razowski, 2013* ''Grapholita imitativa'' Heinrich, 1926* ''Grapholita inopinata'' Heinrich, 1928* ''Grapholita internana''* ''Grapholita interstinctana'' (Clemens, 1860)* ''Grapholita iridescens'' (Meyrick, 1881)* ''Grapholita isacma'' (Meyrick, 1907)* ''Grapholita janthinana'' (Duponchel in Godart, 1835)* ''Grapholita jesonica'' (Matsumura, 1931)* ''Grapholita jucundata'' Kuznetzov, 1971* ''Grapholita junctistrigana'' (Walsingham, 1900)* ''Grapholita jungiella''* ''Grapholita komaii'' Rose & Pooni, 2003* ''Grapholita kurilana'' Kuznetzov, 1976* ''Grapholita lana'' (Kearfott, 1907)* ''Grapholita larseni'' Rebel, 1903* ''Grapholita latens'' Kuznetzov, 1972* ''Grapholita latericia'' Komai, 1999* ''Grapholita lathyrana'' (Hübner, 1813)* ''Grapholita libertina'' Heinrich, 1926* ''Grapholita limbata'' Diakonoff, 1969* ''Grapholita lobarzewskii'' (Nowicki, 1860)* ''Grapholita lunatana'' Walsingham, 1879* ''Grapholita lunulana'' (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)* ''Grapholita macrodrilus'' Diakonoff, 1984* ''Grapholita melicrossis'' (Meyrick, 1932)* ''Grapholita mesoscia'' Diakonoff, 1969* ''Grapholita miranda'' (Meyrick, 1911)* ''Grapholita molesta'' – Oriental fruit moth, peach moth* ''Grapholita namatophora'' Diakonoff, 1976* ''Grapholita nebritana'' Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1830* ''Grapholita nigrostriana'' Snellen, 1883* ''Grapholita nucleana'' Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875* ''Grapholita obliqua'' Diakonoff, 1982* ''Grapholita okui'' Komai, 1999* ''Grapholita omittana'' Kuznetzov, 1988* ''Grapholita optica'' (Meyrick, 1912)* ''Grapholita opulentica'' Kuznetzov, 1992* ''Grapholita orbiapex'' Kuznetzov, 1988* ''Grapholita orobana'' Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1830* ''Grapholita packardi'' Zeller, 1875* ''Grapholita pagenstecheri'' Bradley, 1961* ''Grapholita pallifrontana''* ''Grapholita parvisignana'' (Meyrick, 1881)* ''Grapholita patens'' Kuznetzov, 1971* ''Grapholita pavonana'' (Walsingham, 1900)* ''Grapholita prolopha'' (Meyrick, 1912)* ''Grapholita prunivora'' (Walsh, 1868)* ''Grapholita pycnograpta'' (Meyrick, 1936)* ''Grapholita rhabdotacra'' Diakonoff, 1969* ''Grapholita rosana'' Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968* ''Grapholita schizodelta'' Diakonoff, 1982* ''Grapholita scintillana'' Christoph, 1882* ''Grapholita seclusana'' (Walker, 1866)* ''Grapholita semifusca'' Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968* ''Grapholita shadawana'' Liu & Chen, 2000* ''Grapholita siderocosma'' Diakonoff, 1978* ''Grapholita sporosema'' (Meyrick, 1922)* ''Grapholita steringus'' Diakonoff, 1983* ''Grapholita tenebrosana'' Duponchel in Godart, 1842* ''Grapholita tetrazancla'' (Turner, 1925)* ''Grapholita thermopsidis'' Eiseman & Austin, 2020* ''Grapholita tornosticha'' (Turner, 1946)* ''Grapholita torodetta'' (Meyrick, 1914)* ''Grapholita tricyanitis'' Dianokoff, 1976* ''Grapholita tristriatana'' Pagenstecher, 1900* ''Grapholita tristrigana'' (Clemens, 1865)* ''Grapholita valens'' Kuznetzov, 1988* ''Grapholita vitrana'' Walsingham, 1879* ''Grapholita yasudai'' Komai, 1999* ''Grapholita zapyrana'' (Meyrick, 1881)* ''Grapholita zariae'' Razowski, 2013===Synonyms===Obsolete scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of ''Grapholita'' are:* ''Aspila'' Stephens, 1834* ''Coptoloma'' Lederer, 1859* ''Ebisma'' Walker, 1866* ''Endopisa'' Guenée, 1845* ''Endopsia'' (''lapsus'')* ''Endopiza'' (''lapsus'')* ''Ephippiophora'' (''lapsus'')* ''Ephippiphora'' Duponchel, 1834* ''Eudopisa'' (''lapsus'')* ''Euspila'' Stephens, 1834* ''Grapholitha'' Treitschke, 1830 (unjustified emendation)* ''Grapholltha'' (''lapsus'')* ''Opadia'' Guenée, 1845* ''Stigmonota'' Guenée, 1845
Footnotes
References *  (2009a):  Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae –  Genus ''Grapholita'' account. Version 1.3.1.Retrieved 20 January 2009. *  (2009b):  Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae –  ''Grapholita'' species list. Version 1.3.1.Retrieved 20 January 2009. *  (2009c):  Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae –  ''Dichrorampha petiverella''. Version 1.3.1.Retrieved 19 April 2009. *  (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms –  ''Cydia''. Version of 13 September 2005.Retrieved 19 April 2010. *  (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms –  ''Grapholita''. Version of 13 September 2005.Retrieved 19 April 2010. *  (1829): Genus ''Grapholita''. ''In: Die Schmetterlinge von Europa'' (Siebenter Band. Zünsler. Genera ''Herminia-Ennychia''. ): 232.Gerhard Fleischer, Leipzig. Fulltext at the Internet Archive