Pyramidella
Introduction '''''Pyramidella''''' is a genus of  minute to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Pyramidellinae of the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. ''Pyramidella'' is the type genus of the family Pyramidellidae.
Nomenclature The generic name ''Pyramidella'' Lamarck, 1799, has been validated under the Plenary Powers of the ICZN , Opinion 386 (1955). The name ''Obeliscus'' Anonymus, 1797 = ''Obeliscus'' Gray, 1847 has also been used for this genus, whereas the name ''Pyramidella'' was used for the genus now known as ''Otopleura'' Fischer, 1885.
General description The shell has an elongate-conic shape, slightly striated. The many whorls of the teleoconch are usually inflated and regularly increasing. They are longitudinally ribbed or smooth. The semioval aperture is entire, widened at its base and rounded in front. .The columella has one to three folds. The sharp outer lip is entire, inferiorly sub-perforated and often plicate within with three transverse folds. The shell is usually larger than in ''Turbonilla.'' The thin operculum is horny, ovate, elongated, with very fine elements and oblique foldsand folds oblique. The shell lacks an epidermis.The shells are generally quite small, of an elegant form, elongated, marked with more or less deep spots. The general color of the body of these mollusca, is of a dull white. The operculum only, and the edge of the mantle are yellowish.The animal has a head surmounted by broad, rather long tentacles, formed like a pointed horn, and open on the side. The mouth is situated in a flattened, wide, dilated, and quite deeply two-lobed muzzle, separated from the foot by a groove. The respiratory cavity open throughout the whole length of the mantle, bearing on its right margin a long and narrow branchia. The heart has a direction from right to left. The rectum and uterus are attached to each other along the branchiae, and terminate in an ear-shaped gutter, produced by the margin of the mantle. The mucous follicles line the upper wall of the cavity. The foot is round, without a marginal furrow, passing down before in form of an ear-shaped shield, and bearing posteriorly a membranous operculum, with laminas destitute of a spire, which possesses one or two notches to slip upon the folds of the columella.
Species Species within the genus ''Pyramidella'' include:* ''Pyramidella adamsi'' Carpenter, 1864* ''Pyramidella africana'' Bartsch, 1915* ''Pyramidella alfredensis'' Bartsch, 1915* ''Pyramidella ava'' Bartsch, 1926* ''Pyramidella bairdi'' Dall & Bartsch, 1909* ''Pyramidella bicolor'' Menke, 1854* ''Pyramidella camara'' Bartsch, 1927* † ''Pyramidella canaliculata'' Gabb, 1873 * ''Pyramidella corrugata'' Lamarck, 1822* ''Pyramidella dolabrata'' (Linnaeus, 1758)* ''Pyramidella elenensis'' Bartsch, 1924* ''Pyramidella fastigium'' (A. Adams, 1855)* ''Pyramidella gracilis'' A. Adams* ''Pyramidella guardarioorum'' Poppe, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015* ''Pyramidella hancocki'' Strong & Hertlein, 1939* ''Pyramidella hastata'' (A. Adams in Sowerby, 1854)* ''Pyramidella linearum'' Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932* ''Pyramidella magdalenensis'' Bartsch, 1917* ''Pyramidella mexicana'' Dall & Bartsch, 1909* ''Pyramidella minor'' (E. A. Smith, 1904)* ''Pyramidella moffati'' Dall & Bartsch, 1906* † ''Pyramidella nanggulanica'' Finlay, 1927* ''Pyramidella nisoides'' E. von Martens, 1904* ''Pyramidella ovata'' de Folin, 1873* ''Pyramidella panamensis'' Dall &Bartsch, 1909* ''Pyramidella plicata'' (Laseron, 1959) - unreplaced junior homonym of ''Pyramidella plicata'' Lamarck, 1816 * ''Pyramidella pyrrha'' Bartsch, 1915* ''Pyramidella sanctaehelenae'' (E. A. Smith, 1890)* ''Pyramidella scitula'' (A. Adams, 1854)* ''Pyramidella subdolabrata'' (Mörch, 1854)* ''Pyramidella subglabra'' Odhner, 1919* ''Pyramidella terebelloides'' (A. Adams, 1854)* ''Pyramidella turrita'' A. Adams, 1855;Taxa inquirenda:* ''Pyramidella curtissima'' Locard, 1897 * ''Pyramidella obeliscus'' W. H. Turton, 1932* ''Pyramidella suavissima'' Preston, 1905 * ''Pyramidella sykesi'' Preston, 1905 (original combination)* ''Pyramidella tarpeia'' Bartsch, 1915;Subgenera and species brought into synonymy: * ''Pyramidella (Agatha)'' A. Adams, 1860: synonym of ''Agatha'' A. Adams, 1860* ''Pyramidella (Longchaeus)'' Mörch, 1875: synonym of ''Longchaeus'' Mörch, 1875* ''Pyramidella (Syrnola)'' A. Adams, 1860: synonym of ''Syrnola'' A. Adams, 1860* ''Pyramidella (Tiberia)'' Dall & Bartsch, 1906: synonym of ''Tiberia'' Jeffreys, 1884* ''Pyramidella (Voluspa)'' Dall & Bartsch, 1904: synonym of ''Longchaeus'' Mörch, 1875* ''Pyramidella achates'' (Gould, 1853): synonym of ''Longchaeus achates'' (A. Gould, 1853)* ''Pyramidella aclis'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Rissosyrnola aclis'' (A. Adams, 1853) (original combination)* ''Pyramidella acus'' (Gmelin, 1791) - needle pyram: synonym of ''Longchaeus acus'' (Gmelin, 1791)* ''Pyramidella affinis'' (Laseron, 1959): synonym of ''Chrysallida affinis'' (Laseron, 1959)* ''Pyramidella aganea'' Bartsch, 1915: synonym of ''Syrnola aganea'' (Bartsch, 1915)* ''Pyramidella ambigua'' Gould, 1849: synonym of ''Rissoina ambigua'' (Gould, 1849) (original combination)* ''Pyramidella aprustica'' Crema, 1903: synonym of ''Euparthenia bulinea'' (Lowe, 1841)* ''Pyramidella arenosa'' Conrad, 1843: synonym of ''Longchaeus suturalis'' (H. C. Lea, 1843)* ''Pyramidella auricoma'' Dall, 1889: synonym of ''Longchaeus auricoma'' (Dall, 1889) * ''Pyramidella auriscati'' (Chemnitz, 1795): synonym of ''Otopleura auriscati'' (Holten, 1802)* ''Pyramidella balteata'' (A. Adams, 1855): synonym of ''Tiberia balteata'' (A. Adams, 1855)* ''Pyramidella canaliculata'' (G.B. Sowerby III, 1874): synonym of ''Pyramidella insularum'' Pilsbry, 1922* † ''Pyramidella cancellata'' Nyst, 1836: synonym of  † ''Sandbergeria cancellata'' (Nyst, 1836) †* ''Pyramidella candida'' Mørch, 1875: synonym of ''Longchaeus candidus'' (Mörch, 1875)* ''Pyramidella capensis'' (Thiele, 1925): synonym of ''Odostomia capensis'' Thiele, 1925* ''Pyramidella ceylanica'' Preston, 1905: synonym of ''Kleinella ceylanica'' (Preston, 1905)* ''Pyramidella cincta'' Reeve, 1842: synonym of ''Milda cincta'' (Reeve, 1842) * ''Pyramidella conica'' C.B. Adams, 1852: synonym of ''Longchaeus conicus'' (C.B. Adams, 1852) * ''Pyramidella crenulata'' (Holmes, 1859): synonym of ''Longchaeus suturalis'' (H. C. Lea, 1843)* ''Pyramidella denticulata'' (G.B. Sowerby II, 1865): synonym of ''Colsyrnola ornata'' (Gould, 1861)* † ''Pyramidella diademata'' Maury, 1917: synonym of ''Longchaeus suturalis'' (H. C. Lea, 1843)* † ''Pyramidella exarata'' Michaud, 1838: synonym of † ''Palaeostoa exarata'' (Michaud, 1838) (new combination)* ''Pyramidella folinii'' Dall, 1889: synonym of ''Longchaeus folinii'' (Dall, 1889)* ''Pyramidella fulva'' G.B. Sowerby II, 1865: synonym of ''Colsyrnola brunnea'' (A. Adams, 1854)* ''Pyramidella fusca'' (C. B. Adams, 1839): synonym of ''Sayella fusca'' (C. B. Adams, 1839)* ''Pyramidella garrettii'' Tryon, 1886: synonym of ''Milda garretti'' (Tryon, 1886) * ''Pyramidella glans'' Reeve, 1842: synonym of ''Otopleura glans'' (Reeve, 1842) (original combination)* ''Pyramidella halaibensis'' (Sturany, 1903): synonym of ''Tropaeas halaibensis'' (Sturany, 1903)* ''Pyramidella hera'' Bartsch, 1915: synonym of ''Syrnola hera'' (Bartsch, 1915)* ''Pyramidella humilis'' Preston, 1905: synonym of ''Quirella humilis'' (Preston, 1905)* ''Pyramidella inopinata'' (Schander, 1994): synonym of ''Longchaeus inopinatus'' (Schander, 1994)* ''Pyramidella insularum'' Pilsbry, 1922: synonym of ''Longchaeus insularum'' (Pilsbry, 1922)* † ''Pyramidella jamaicensis'' Dall, 1896: synonym of  † ''Longchaeus jamaicensis'' (Dall, 1896)* † ''Pyramidella kelirensis'' (K. Martin, 1916): synonym of  † ''Longchaeus menadensis'' (Schepman, 1907)*  † ''Pyramidella laeviuscula'' S. V. Wood, 1842: synonym of † ''Longchaeus plicosus'' (Bronn, 1838) * ''Pyramidella lischkei'' Dall & Bartsch, 1906: synonym of ''Styloptygma taeniatum'' (A. Adams, 1863)* ''Pyramidella lissa'' (A. E. Verrill, 1884): synonym of ''Eulimella lissa'' A. E. Verrill, 1884* ''Pyramidella maculosa'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''Longchaeus maculosus'' (Lamarck, 1822)* ''Pyramidella magnifica'' Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of ''Otopleura auriscati'' (Holten, 1802)* ''Pyramidella mazatlanica'' Dall & Bartsch, 1909: synonym of ''Longchaeus mazatlanicus'' (Dall & Bartsch, 1909)* ''Pyramidella mediterranea'' Monterosato, 1880: synonym of ''Tiberia minuscula'' (Monterosato, 1880) (dubious synonym)* ''Pyramidella minuscula'' Monterosato, 1880: synonym of ''Tiberia minuscula'' (Monterosato, 1880)* ''Pyramidella mitralis'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Otopleura mitralis'' (A. Adams, 1855)* ''Pyramidella modica'' (A. Adams, 1860): synonym of ''Syrnola modica''(A. Adams, 1860)* ''Pyramidella nitida'' (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of ''Otopleura nitida'' (A. Adams, 1854)* ''Pyramidella nitidula'' (A Adams, 1860): synonym of ''Tiberia nitidula'' (A. Adams, 1860)* ''Pyramidella nivea'' (Mørch, 1875): synonym of ''Triptychus niveus'' (Mørch, 1875)* ''Pyramidella norna'' Bartsch, 1915: synonym of ''Leucotina elongata'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1892* † ''Pyramidella obtusior'' Sacco, 1892: synonym of † ''Longchaeus obtusatus'' (O. Semper, 1861) † (unjustified emendation of obtusatus)* ''Pyramidella octaviana'' Di Geronimo, 1973: synonym of ''Tiberia minuscula'' (Monterosato, 1880)* † ''Pyramidella olssoni'' Maury, 1917: synonym of  † ''Longchaeus olssoni'' (Maury, 1917) * ''Pyramidella ornata'' (Gould, 1861): synonym of ''Colsyrnola ornata'' (Gould, 1861)* ''Pyramidella plicata'' Lamarck, 1816: synonym of ''Otopleura auriscati'' (Holten, H.S., 1802) ( junior subjective synonym)* ''Pyramidella pratii'' Bernardi, 1858: synonym of ''Longchaeus turritus'' (A. Adams, 1854)* ''Pyramidella producta'' (C. B. Adams, 1840): synonym of ''Syrnola producta'' (C. B. Adams, 1840)* ''Pyramidella propinqua'' A. Adams, 1854: synonym of ''Otopleura mitralis'' (A. Adams, 1854)* ''Pyramidella pulchella'' (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of ''Orinella pulchella'' (A. Adams, 1854)* ''Pyramidella punctata'' Schubert & Wagner, 1829: synonym of ''Longchaeus acus'' (Gmelin, 1791) (invalid: homonym and synonym of ''Pyramidella punctata'' Férussac, 1821)* ''Pyramidella punctata'' Férussac, 1821: synonym of ''Longchaeus acus'' (Gmelin, 1791)* ''Pyramidella pupaeformis'' Souverbie, 1865: synonym of ''Pyrgulina pupaeformis'' (Souverbie, 1865)* ''Pyramidella resticula'' (Dall, 1889): synonym of ''Bacteridium resticulum'' (Dall, 1889)* ''Pyramidella schanderi'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 1998: synonym of ''Pyramidella inopinata'' (Schander, 1994)* † ''Pyramidella semicanaliculata'' Maury, 1917: synonym of ''Longchaeus suturalis'' (H. C. Lea, 1843)* ''Pyramidella similis'' Thiele, 1925: synonym of ''Tiberia analoga'' van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996* ''Pyramidella smithi'' Verrill, 1881: synonym of ''Eulimella unifasciata'' (Forbes, 1844)* ''Pyramidella somaliensis'' Thiele, 1925: synonym of ''Tiberia somaliensis'' (Thiele, 1925) (original combination)* ''Pyramidella sulcata'' (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of ''Pyramidella maculosa'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''Longchaeus maculosus'' (Lamarck, 1822)* ''Pyramidella suturalis'' H. C. Lea, 1843: synonym of ''Longchaeus suturalis'' (H. C. Lea, 1843)* ''Pyramidella terebellum'' (O.F. Muller, 1774): synonym of ''Pyramidella dolabrata terebellum'' (Müller, 1774): synonym of ''Pyramidella dolabrata'' (Linnaeus, 1758)* ''Pyramidella teres'' (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of ''Tropaeas teres'' (A. Adams, 1861): synonym of ''Longchaeus turritus'' (A. Adams, 1854)* ''Pyramidella tessellata'' (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of ''Pyramidella sulcata'' (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of ''Pyramidella maculosa'' Lamarck, 1822: synonym of ''Longchaeus maculosus'' (Lamarck, 1822)* ''Pyramidella umbilicata'' Thiele, 1925: synonym of ''Tiberia navella'' van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996* ''Pyramidella unifasciata'' (Forbes, 1844): synonym of ''Tibersyrnola unifasciata'' (Forbes, 1844)* ''Pyramidella variegata'' A. Adams, 1854: synonym of ''Otopleura mitralis'' (A. Adams, 1854)* ''Pyramidella ventricosa'' (Forbes, 1844): synonym of ''Eulimella ventricosa'' (Forbes, 1844)* ''Pyramidella ventricosa'' Guérin, 1831: synonym of ''Milda ventricosa'' (Guérin, 1831)
References * Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de Monet de 1799.Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification de coquilles, comprenent une réaction appropiée de charactères génériques, et l'établissement d'un grand nombre de genres nouveaux. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 1: 63-91* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.
External links *  GBIF info