Substituted cathinone
Introduction CathinoneGeneral chemical structure of substituted cathinones, with R1-R4 defined in text'''Substituted cathinones''', which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug.
List of substituted cathinones The derivatives may be produced by substitutions at four locations of the cathinone molecule:* R1 = hydrogen, or any combination of one or more alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenedioxy, haloalkyl or halide substituents* R2 = hydrogen or any alkyl group* R3 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structure* R4 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structureThe following table displays notable derivatives that have been reported: '''Structure''' '''Compound''' '''R1''' '''R2''' '''R3''' '''R4''' '''CAS number''' 120px   Cathinone  H  Me   H  H  71031-15-7 120px   Methcathinone  H   Me   H  Me  5650-44-2 120px   Ethcathinone  H   Me   H  Et  51553-17-4 120px   Propylcathinone  H   Me   H  nPr  52597-14-5 120px   Buphedrone  H  Et   H  Me  408332-79-6 120px   N-Ethylbuphedrone (NEB) H  Et   H  Et  1354631-28-9 120px   N-Methyl-N-ethylbuphedrone  H  Et   Me  Et   120px   Pentedrone  H  nPr   H  Me  879722-57-3 120px   N-Ethylpentedrone  H  nPr   H  Et  18268-16-1 120px   N-Isopropylpentedrone  H  nPr   H  iPr  18268-14-9 120px   Hexedrone  H  nBu   H  Me  2169446-41-5 120px   N-Ethylhexedrone H  nBu   H  Et  18410-62-3 120px   N-Butylhexedrone  H  nBu   H  nBu  18296-66-7 120px   N-Isobutylhexedrone (NDH)  H  nBu  H  ''i''-Bu   120px   Isohexedrone  H  iBu   H  Me   120px   N-Ethylheptedrone  H  nPe   H  Et   120px   Octedrone  H  hexyl   H  Me   120px   Dimethylcathinone  H   Me  Me  Me  15351-09-4 120px   Diethylpropion  H   Me  Et  Et  134-80-5 120px   N-Methyl-N-ethylcathinone  H   Me  Me  Et  1157739-24-6 120px   Bupropion  3-Cl   Me   H  ''t''-Bu  34911-55-2 120px   Hydroxybupropion  3-Cl   Me   H  2-Me-3-OH-propan-2-yl  357399-43-0 120px   Mephedrone  4-Me   Me   H  Me  1189805-46-6 120px   2-MMC  2-Me   Me   H  Me  1246911-71-6 120px   2-MEC  2-Me   Me   H  Et  1439439-84-5 120px   2-EMC  2-Et   Me   H  Me   120px   2-EEC  2-Et   Me   H  Et  2446466-59-5 120px   3-MMC  3-Me   Me   H  Me  1246816-62-5 120px   3-MEC  3-Me   Me   H  Et  1439439-83-4 120px   3-MPC  3-Me   Me   H  nPr   120px   3-EMC  3-Et   Me   H  Me   120px   3-EEC  3-Et   Me   H  Et  2446466-61-9 120px   4-EMC  4-Et   Me   H  Me  1225622-14-9 120px   4-EEC  4-Et   Me   H  Et  2446466-62-0 120px   4-MC  4-Me  Me  H  H  31952-47-3 120px   Benzedrone  4-Me   Me   H  Bn  1225617-75-3 120px   2'-MeO-Benzedrone  4-Me  Me  H  2-MeO-Bn   120px   2,N-Dimethylbenzedrone  2-Me  Me  Me  Bn   120px   3,N-Dimethylbenzedrone  3-Me  Me  Me  Bn   120px   4,N-Dimethylbenzedrone  4-Me  Me  Me  Bn   120px   4-MEC  4-Me   Me   H  Et  1225617-18-4 120px   4-MPC  4-Me   Me   H  nPr   120px   N,N-DMMC  4-Me   Me  Me  Me  1448845-14-4 120px   N,N-MEMC  4-Me  Me  Me  Et   120px   N,N-DEMC  4-Me   Me  Et  Et  676316-90-8 120px   4-MEAP  4-Me  Pr  H  Et   746540-82-9 120px   EDMC  4-Et   Me  Me  Me   120px   2,3-DMMC  2,3-dimethyl   Me   H  Me  120px   2,3-DMEC  2,3-dimethyl   Me   H  Et  120px   2,4-DMMC  2,4-dimethyl   Me   H  Me  1225623-63-1 120px   2,4-DMEC  2,4-dimethyl   Me   H  Et  1225913-88-1 120px   2,5-DMMC  2,5-dimethyl   Me   H  Me   120px   2,5-DMEC  2,5-dimethyl   Me   H  Et   120px   2,6-DMMC  2,6-dimethyl   Me   H  Me   120px   2,6-DMEC  2,6-dimethyl   Me   H  Et   120px   3,4-DMMC  3,4-dimethyl   Me   H  Me  1082110-00-6 120px   3,4-DMEC  3,4-dimethyl   Me   H  Et  1225811-81-3 120px   3,5-DMEC  3,5-dimethyl   Me   H  Et  120px   2,4,5-TMMC  2,4,5-trimethyl   Me   H  Me  1368603-85-3 120px   2,4,5-TMOMC  2,4,5-trimethoxy   Me   H  Me   120px   3,4,5-TMOMC  3,4,5-trimethoxy   Me   H  Me   120px   Methedrone  4-MeO   Me   H  Me  530-54-1 120px   Dimethedrone  4-MeO   Me   Me  Me  91564-39-5 120px   Ethedrone  4-MeO   Me   H  Et   120px   2-MOMC  2-MeO  Me  H  Me   120px   3-MOMC  3-MeO   Me   H  Me  1435933-70-2 120px   3-FC  3-F   Me   H  H  1082949-91-4 120px   4-FC  4-F   Me   H  H  80096-51-1 120px   2-FMC  2-F   Me   H  Me  1186137-35-8 120px   2-FEC  2-F   Me   H  Et   120px   3-FMC  3-F   Me   H  Me  1049677-77-1 120px   3-FEC  3-F   Me   H  Et   120px   2-CMC  2-Cl   Me   H  Me   120px   2-BMC  2-Br   Me   H  Me   120px   2-IMC  2-I   Me   H  Me   120px   2-TFMAP  2-CF3   Me   H  Me   120px   Clophedrone  3-Cl   Me   H  Me  1049677-59-9 120px   3-CEC 3-Cl   Me   H  Et  2150476-60-9 120px   3-BMC  3-Br   Me   H  Me  676487-42-6 120px   3-IMC  3-I   Me   H  Me   120px   3-TFMAP  3-CF3   Me   H  Me   120px   Flephedrone  4-F   Me   H  Me  447-40-5 120px   4-FEC  4-F   Me   H  Et  1225625-74-0 120px   Clephedrone  4-Cl   Me   H  Me  1225843-86-6 120px   2-CEC  2-Cl   Me   H  Et  120px   4-CEC  4-Cl   Me   H  Et  14919-85-8 120px   2-CiPC  2-Cl   Me   H  iPr   120px   3-CiPC  3-Cl   Me   H  iPr   120px   4-CiPC  4-Cl   Me   H  iPr   120px   4-CBC  4-Cl   Me   H  nBu  1225621-71-5 120px   2-CDMC  2-Cl   Me   Me  Me  120px   3-CDMC  3-Cl   Me   Me  Me   120px   4-CDMC  4-Cl   Me   Me  Me  1157667-29-2 120px   Brephedrone  4-Br   Me   H  Me  486459-03-4 120px   4-BEC  4-Br   Me   H  Et  135333-26-5 120px   4-IMC  4-I   Me   H  Me   120px   4-TFMAP  4-CF3   Me   H  Me   120px   4-EFMC  4-(2-fluoroethyl)   Me   H  Me   120px   4-MTMC  4-SCH3   Me   H  Me   120px   4-MSMC  4-SO2CH3   Me   H  Me   120px   4-PHMC  4-phenyl   Me   H  Me   120px   Mexedrone 4-Me  methoxymethyl  H  Me   120px   FMMC  3-F-4-Me   Me   H  Me  1696642-00-8 120px   MFMC  3-Me-4-F   Me   H  Me  1368943-21-8 120px   4-Cl-3-MMC  3-Me-4-Cl   Me   H  Me   120px   MMOMC  3-Me-4-MeO   Me   H  Me   120px   3,4-DCMC  3,4-dichloro   Me   H  Me  802281-39-6 120px   3,4-DCEC  3,4-dichloro   Me   H  Et  1225618-63-2 120px   3,5-DCMC  3,5-dichloro   Me   H  Me   120px   3,5-DFMC  3,5-difluoro   Me   H  Me  1430343-55-7 120px   2,5-DMOMC  2,5-dimethoxy  Me  H  Me   120px   βk-2C-C  2,5-dimethoxy-4-chloro  H  H  H  1538191-15-9 120px   βk-2C-B  2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromo  H  H  H  807631-09-0 120px   βk-2C-I  2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo  H  H  H   120px   βk-2C-D  2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl  H  H  H  1368627-25-1 120px   βk-2C-E  2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethyl  H  H  H  1517021-02-1 120px   βk-2C-P  2,5-dimethoxy-4-propyl  H  H  H   120px   βk-2C-iP  2,5-dimethoxy-4-isopropyl  H  H  H  1511033-62-7 120px   βk-DOB  2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromo  Me  H  H   120px   βk-MDOM  2,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl  Me  H  Me   120px   βk-MDA  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   H  H  80535-73-5 120px   N-Acetyl-βk-MDA  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   H  acetyl   120px   2,3-MDMC  2,3-methylenedioxy   Me   H  Me  1427205-87-5 120px   Methylone  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   H  Me  186028-79-5 120px   Dimethylone  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   Me  Me  109367-07-9 120px   N-Acetylmethylone  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   acetyl  Me   120px   N-Hydroxymethylone  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me  hydroxy  Me   120px   Ethylone  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   H  Et  1112937-64-0 120px   Diethylone  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   Et  Et   120px   N-Acetylethylone  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   acetyl  Et   120px   N-Isopropyl-βk-MDA  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   H  iPr   120px   MDPT  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   H  t-Bu  186028-84-2 120px   Benzylone (BMDP)  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   H  Bn  1823274-68-5 120px   N-Cyclohexylmethylone  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me   H  cyclohexyl  120px   3,4-EDMC  3,4-ethylenedioxy  Me  H  Me  30253-44-2 120px   βk-IMP  3,4-trimethylene   Me   H  Me  100608-69-3 120px   βk-IBP  3,4-trimethylene   Et   H  Et   120px   βk-IVP  3,4-trimethylene   nPr   H  Et   120px   3-Fluorobuphedrone   3-F  Et   H  Me   120px   4-Fluorobuphedrone  4-F  Et   H  Me  1368599-12-5 120px   4-Bromobuphedrone  4-Br  Et   H  Me   120px   3-Methylbuphedrone   3-Me  Et   H  Me  1797911-07-9 120px   4-Me-MABP  4-Me  Et   H  Me  1336911-98-8 120px   4-Me-NEB  4-Me  Et   H  Et  18268-19-4 120px   2-F-NEB  2-F  Et   H  Et   120px   3F-NEB  3-F  Et   H  Et   120px   4-F-NEB  4-F  Et   H  Et   120px   4-Me-DMB  4-Me  Et   Me  Me   120px   3,4-DMEB  3,4-dimethyl  Et   H  Et   120px   4-Methoxybuphedrone  4-MeO  Et   H  Me   120px   Butylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  Et   H  Me  802575-11-7 120px   Eutylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  Et   H  Et  802855-66-9 120px   βk-PBDB  3,4-methylenedioxy  Et   H  nPr   120px   Bn-4-MeMABP  4-Me  Et   H  Bn  1445751-39-2 120px   BMDB  3,4-methylenedioxy  Et   H  Bn  1445751-47-2 120px   N-Cyclohexylbutylone  3,4-methylenedioxy   Et   H  cyclohexyl  120px   βk-DMBDB  3,4-methylenedioxy  Et  Me  Me  802286-83-5 120px   βk-MMDMA  3,4-methylenedioxy-5-MeO  Me  H  Me  2230716-98-8 120px   βk-MMDMA-2  2-MeO-3,4-methylenedioxy  Me  H  Me   120px   βk-DMMDA  2,5-diMeO-3,4-methylenedioxy  Me  H  H   120px   5-Methylmethylone  3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Me   Me   H  Me  1364933-83-4 120px   5-Methylethylone  3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Me   Me   H  Et  1364933-82-3 120px   2-Methylbutylone  2-Me-3,4-methylenedioxy  Et   H  Me  1364933-86-7 120px   5-Methylbutylone  3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Me  Et   H  Me  1354631-29-0 120px   Pentylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  nPr   H  Me  698963-77-8 120px   N-Ethylpentylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  nPr   H  Et  727641-67-0 120px   N-propylpentylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  nPr   H  nPr   120px   N-butylpentylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  nPr   H  nBu   120px   2,3-Dipentylone  2,3-methylenedioxy  nPr   Me  Me   120px   Dipentylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  nPr   Me  Me  17763-13-2 120px   N,N-Diethylnorpentylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  nPr   Et  Et   120px   Hexylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  nBu   H  Me   120px   Isohexylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  iBu   H  Me  1157947-89-1 120px   Isoheptylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  iPe   H  Me   120px   N-Ethylhexylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  nBu   H  Et  27912-41-0 120px   N-Ethylheptylone  3,4-methylenedioxy  nPe   H  Et   120px   4-MEAP  4-Me  nPr   H  Et  746540-82-9 120px   3,4-DMEP  3,4-dimethyl  nPr   H  Et   120px   2-F-Pentedrone  2-F  nPr   H  Me   120px   3-F-Pentedrone  3-F  nPr   H  Me   120px   4-F-Pentedrone  4-F  nPr   H  Me   120px   4-Cl-Pentedrone  4-Cl  nPr   H  Me  2167949-43-9 120px   4-Methylpentedrone  4-Me  nPr  H  Me  1373918-61-6 120px   DL-4662  3,4-dimethoxy  nPr   H  Et  1674389-55-9 120px   4-F-iPr-norpentedrone  4-F  nPr   H  iPr   120px   3-CBV  3-Cl   nPr   H  tBu   120px   4-methylhexedrone  4-Me  nBu   H  Me   120px   MEH  4-Me  nBu   H  Et   120px   3F-NEH  3-F  nBu   H  Et   120px   4-F-hexedrone  4-F  nBu   H  Me   120px   4-F-octedrone  4-F  hexyl   H  Me   120px   α-phenylmephedrone  4-Me  phenyl   H  Me   120px   βk-Ephenidine  H  phenyl   H  Et  22312-16-9 120px   BMAPN  β-naphthyl instead of phenyl  Me  H  Me   120px   βk-Methiopropamine  thiophen-2-yl instead of phenyl  Me  H  Me  24065-17-6 120px   5-Cl-bk-MPA  5-chlorothiophen-2-yl instead of phenyl  Me  H  Me   120px   βk-5-MAPB  benzofuran-5-yl instead of phenyl  Me  H  Me   120px   βk-6-MAPB  benzofuran-6-yl instead of phenyl  Me  H  Me   120px   βk-5-IT  indol-5-yl instead of phenyl  Me  H  H  1369231-36-6 120px   βk-5F-NM-AMT  5-fluoroindol-3-yl instead of phenyl  Me  H  Me   120px   α-Phthalimidopropiophenone  H   Me phthalimido  19437-20-8 120px   PPPO  H  Me piperidinyl   120px   PPBO  H  Et piperidinyl  92728-82-0 120px   FPPVO  4-F  nPr piperidinyl   120px   MDPV-azepane  3,4-methylenedioxy  nPr azepane   120px   Caccure 907  4-SCH3   α,α-di-Me morpholinyl    120px   α-PPP  H   Me pyrrolidinyl  19134-50-0 120px   α-PBP  H  Et pyrrolidinyl  13415-54-8 120px   α-PVP (O-2387)  H  nPr pyrrolidinyl  14530-33-7 120px   α-PHP  H  nBu pyrrolidinyl  13415-86-6 120px   α-PHiP  H  iBu pyrrolidinyl   120px   α-PEP (α-PHPP)  H  nPe pyrrolidinyl  13415-83-3 120px   α-POP  H  hexyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   α-PNP  H  heptyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   DPPE (A-D2PV)  H  phenyl pyrrolidinyl  27590-61-0 120px   α-PcPeP  H  cyclopentyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   α-PCYP  H  cyclohexyl pyrrolidinyl  1803168-11-7 120px   2-MePPP  2-Me   Me pyrrolidinyl  2092429-83-7 120px   3-MePPP  3-Me   Me pyrrolidinyl  1214940-01-8 120px   4-MePPP  4-Me   Me pyrrolidinyl  1313393-58-6 120px   3-MeO-PPP  3-MeO   Me pyrrolidinyl   120px   MOPPP  4-MeO   Me pyrrolidinyl  478243-09-3 120px   3-F-PPP  3-F   Me pyrrolidinyl  1214939-99-7 120px   FPPP  4-F   Me pyrrolidinyl  28117-76-2 120px   Cl-PPP  4-Cl   Me pyrrolidinyl  93307-24-5 120px   3-Br-PPP  3-Br   Me pyrrolidinyl   120px   Br-PPP  4-Br   Me pyrrolidinyl   120px   2,3-DMPPP  2,3-dimethyl   Me pyrrolidinyl   120px   2,4-DMPPP  2,4-dimethyl   Me pyrrolidinyl   120px   3,4-DMPPP  3,4-dimethyl   Me pyrrolidinyl   120px   3-MPBP  3-Me  Et pyrrolidinyl  1373918-60-5 120px   3-F-PBP  3-F   Et pyrrolidinyl  1373918-59-2 120px   MPBP  4-Me  Et pyrrolidinyl  732180-91-5 120px   FPBP  4-F   Et pyrrolidinyl  1373918-67-2 120px   EPBP  4-Et  Et pyrrolidinyl   120px   MOPBP  4-MeO  Et pyrrolidinyl   120px   MMOPBP  3-Me-4-MeO  Et pyrrolidinyl   120px   O-2384  3,4-dichloro  Et pyrrolidinyl  850352-65-7 120px   2-Me-PVP  2-Me  nPr pyrrolidinyl  850352-54-4 120px   Pyrovalerone (O-2371)  4-Me  nPr pyrrolidinyl  3563-49-3 120px   4-Et-PVP  4-Et   nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   3F-PVP  3-F   nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   FPVP  4-F   nPr pyrrolidinyl  850352-31-7 120px   2-Cl-PVP  2-Cl   nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   3-Cl-PVP  3-Cl   nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   4-Cl-PVP  4-Cl   nPr pyrrolidinyl  5537-17-7 120px   3-Br-PVP  3-Br   nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   4-Br-PVP  4-Br   nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   MOPVP  4-MeO   nPr pyrrolidinyl  5537-19-9 120px   DMOPVP  3,4-dimethoxy   nPr pyrrolidinyl  850442-84-1 120px   DMPVP  3,4-dimethyl   nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   O-2390  3,4-dichloro  nPr pyrrolidinyl  850352-61-3 120px   MFPVP  3-methyl-4-fluoro   nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   MPHP  4-Me  nBu pyrrolidinyl  34138-58-4 120px   3F-PHP  3-F   nBu pyrrolidinyl   120px   4F-PHP  4-F  nBu pyrrolidinyl  2230706-09-7 120px   4-Cl-PHP  4-Cl  nBu pyrrolidinyl  2748592-29-0 120px   DMOPHP  3,4-dimethoxy   nBu pyrrolidinyl   120px   MFPHP  3-Me-4-F   nBu pyrrolidinyl   120px   3F-PiHP  3-F  iBu pyrrolidinyl   120px   4F-PiHP  4-F  iBu pyrrolidinyl   120px   O-2394  4-Me  iBu pyrrolidinyl  850352-51-1 120px   MPEP  4-Me  pentyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   4F-PV8  4-F   pentyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   4-MeO-PV8  4-MeO   pentyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   MFPEP  3-Me-4-F   pentyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   MCPEP  3-Me-4-Cl   pentyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   4F-PV9  4-F  hexyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   4-MeO-PV9  4-MeO   hexyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   α-Phenylpyrovalerone  4-Me  phenyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   MDPPP  3,4-methylenedioxy   Me pyrrolidinyl  783241-66-7 120px   MDMPP  3,4-methylenedioxy   α,α-di-Me pyrrolidinyl   120px   MDPBP  3,4-methylenedioxy  Et pyrrolidinyl  784985-33-7 120px   MDPV  3,4-methylenedioxy  nPr pyrrolidinyl  687603-66-3 120px   2,3-MDPV  2,3-methylenedioxy  nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   5-Me-MDPV  3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Me  nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   6-Me-MDPV  2-Me-4,5-methylenedioxy  nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   6-MeO-MDPV  2-MeO-4,5-methylenedioxy  nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   Br-MeO-MDPV  2,3-methylenedioxy-4-MeO-5-Br  nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   MDPiVP  3,4-methylenedioxy  iPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   MDPHP  3,4-methylenedioxy  nBu pyrrolidinyl  776994-64-0 120px   MDPHiP  3,4-methylenedioxy  iBu pyrrolidinyl  120px   MDPEP (MD-PV8)  3,4-methylenedioxy  pentyl pyrrolidinyl  24646-39-7 120px   MDPOP (MD-PV9)  3,4-methylenedioxy  hexyl pyrrolidinyl  24646-40-0 120px   5-PPDI  3,4-trimethylene  Et pyrrolidinyl   120px   5-BPDI  3,4-trimethylene  nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   5-HPDI  3,4-trimethylene  nBu pyrrolidinyl   120px   IPPV  3,4-trimethylene  phenyl pyrrolidinyl   120px   TH-PBP  3,4-tetramethylene  Et pyrrolidinyl   120px   TH-PVP  3,4-tetramethylene  nPr pyrrolidinyl  2304915-07-7 120px   TH-PHP  3,4-tetramethylene  nBu pyrrolidinyl   120px   5-DBFPV  2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl instead of Ph  nPr pyrrolidinyl  1620807-94-4 120px   3-BF-PVP  benzofuran-3-yl instead of Ph  nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   Naphyrone (O-2482)  β-naphthyl instead of phenyl  nPr pyrrolidinyl  850352-53-3 120px   α-Naphyrone  α-naphthyl instead of phenyl  nPr pyrrolidinyl   120px   α-PPT  thiophen-2-yl instead of phenyl  Me pyrrolidinyl   120px   α-PBT  thiophen-2-yl instead of phenyl  Et pyrrolidinyl   120px   α-PVT  thiophen-2-yl instead of phenyl  nPr pyrrolidinyl  1400742-66-6
Legality On 2 April 2010, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in the UK announced that a broad structure-based ban of this entire class of compounds would be instituted, following extensive publicity around grey-market sales and recreational use of mephedrone, a common member of the family. This ban covers compounds with the aforementioned general structure, with 28 compounds specifically named.This text was added as an amendment to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, to come into force on 16 April 2010.Note that four of the above compounds (cathinone, methcathinone, diethylpropion and pyrovalerone) were already illegal in the UK at the time the ACMD report was issued. Two compounds were specifically excluded from the ban, these being bupropion because of its common use in medicine and relative lack of abuse potential, and naphyrone because its structure falls outside the generic definition and not enough evidence was yet available to justify a ban.Naphyrone analogues were subsequently banned in July 2010 following a further review by the ACMD, along with a further broad based structure ban even more expansive than the last.General chemical structure of substituted naphyrones, with R1-R3 defined in textThe substitutions in the general structure for naphyrone analogues subject to the ban may be described as follows:* Cyc = any monocyclic, or fused-polycyclic ring system (not being a phenyl ring or alkylenedioxyphenyl ring system), including analogues where the ring system is substituted to any extent with alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl or halide substituents, whether or not further substituted in the ring system by one or more other univalent substituents* R1 = hydrogen or any alkyl group* R2 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structure* R3 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structureMore new derivatives have however continued to appear, with the UK reporting more novel cathinone derivatives detected in 2010 than any other country in Europe, with most of them first identified after the generic ban had gone into effect and thus already being illegal despite never having been previously reported.In the United States, substituted cathinones are the psychoactive ingredients in "bath salts" which as of July 2011 were banned by at least 28 states, but not by the federal government.
See also * Markush structure* Substituted amphetamines* Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines* Substituted phenethylamines* Substituted phenylmorpholines* Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids* Arylcyclohexylamines* List of aminorex analogues* List of fentanyl analogues* List of methylphenidate analogues
References