Symplocos tinctoria
Introduction '''''Symplocos tinctoria''''' (the '''common sweetleaf''', '''horse-sugar''', or '''yellowwood''') is a deciduous or evergreen shrub or tree. It is recognized by pith of twigs chambered; by foliage not notably aromatic when bruised, leaves finely hairy beneath. Shrubs or trees to 17 m tall by 36 cm diameter at breast height. The largest first-year twigs are under 3 mm across, terminal buds with acute tip, scales ciliate. Leaves are 7–15 cm long, margin entire or occasionally some teeth on the apical half, with a sweet taste that may be faint in old leaves. It is conspicuous when in flower; flowers opening before new leaves develop, fragrant, in clusters from axils of previous year's leaves or from just above the leaf scars if the leaves have fallen; the petals are creamy yellow to yellow, with one pistil. Fruits nearly cylindrical to ellipsoid drupes 8–12 mm long, with thin pulp and a hard stone containing one seed; the tip usually retaining parts of the sepals. Foliage is relished by browsing wildlife. A yellow dye may be obtained from bark and leaves. It flowers March to May.
Distribution and habitat ''Symplocos tinctoria'' is native to the southern and eastern United States, to an area from Oklahoma east to Florida and north to Maryland.Occasional, plants are often scattered; uncommonly grouped; thin to dense woods of slopes, bluffs, broad-leaf woods of sandy soils, stream borders and stable dunes. It is the only representative of the genus in North America.
Ecology The foliage is relished by browsing wildlife. The branches are parasitised by galls of ''Exobasidium symploci'' that visually resemble fruits of the plant.
Uses A yellow dye was once made from the bark and leaves. The bark was used as a tonic by early American settlers.
References
Gallery Symplocos tinctoria 1120593.jpgSymplocos tinctoria 1451050.jpgSymplocos tinctoria NRCS-4.pngNAS-117 Symplocos tinctoria.pngSymplocos tinctoria BB-1913.pngSymplocos tinctoria NRCS-3.jpg
External links * http://www.carolinanature.com/trees/syti.html* http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=364* http://www.rnr.lsu.edu/plantid/species/sweetleaf/sweetleaf.htm* http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SYTI* http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Symplocos+tinctoria* https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/all/symplocos-tinctoria/* http://garden.org/plants/view/85584/Sweetleaf-Symplocos-tinctoria/