-ana
Introduction '''-ana''' (variant: '''-iana''') is a suffix of Latin origin that is used in English to convert nouns, usually proper names into mass nouns, most commonly in order to refer to a collection of things, facts, stories, memorabilia, and anything else, that relate to a specific place, period, person, etc.For instance, ''Americana'' is used to refer to things that are distinctive of the US, while ''Canadiana'' is for Canada; in literature, ''Shakespeareana'' and ''Dickensiana'' are similarly used in reference to items or stories related to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens, respectively.The suffix ''-ana'', ''-iana'', or ''-eana'' have also often been used in the titles of musical works, as a way for a composer to pay tribute to an earlier composer or noted performer.
History and lexicology The suffix has been around since at least the 16th century, typically in book titles, with the first recorded use of ''-ana'' being between 1720 and 1730.The recognition of the usage of ''-ana'' or ''-iana'' as a self-conscious literary construction, on the other hand, traces back to at least 1740, when it was mentioned in an edition of ''Scaligerana'', a collection of table talk of Joseph Justus Scaliger, from around 150 years previously. By that period, Scaliger was described as "the father, so to speak, of all those books published under the title of -ana. "As grammatical construction, it is the neuter plural, nominative form of an adjective. So, from ''Scaliger'' is formed first the adjective ''Scaligeranus'' (Scaligeran), which is then put into the form of an abstract noun, ''Scaligerana'' (Scaligeran things). In ''Americana'', a variant construction, the adjectival form already exists as ''Americanus'', so it is simply a neuter plural (suffix ''–a'' on the stem ''American-''); the case of Victoriana (things associated with the Victorian period) is superficially similar, but the Latin adjective form is Dog Latin.
Derived terms === Places ===* Africana — things relating to Africa* Americana — things relating to the United States** Californiana — things relating to the state of California** Floridiana — things relating to the state of Florida. ** Hawaiiana — things relating to the state of Hawaii and cultural artifacts of Native Hawaiians. * Australiana — things relating to Australia* Canadiana — things relating to Canada* Filipiniana — things relating to the Philippines* Kiwiana — things relating to New Zealand* Rhodesiana — things relating to Rhodesia=== Literature ===* Bondiana — items relating to James Bond. *Dickensiana — items or stories related to Charles Dickens*Forteana — things related to Charles Fort or anomalous phenomena*Johnsoniana — the sayings or writings of Samuel Johnson*Miltoniana — items or stories related to John Milton*Shakespeareana —  items or stories related to William Shakespeare. *Sherlockiana — a broad term relating to memorabilia and non-canonical works of fiction about or referring to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes*''Thraliana'' — the name of a diary kept by Hester Thrale===Other===*Absinthiana – accoutrements related to absinthe and its preparation. *Arthuriana — things relating to King Arthur and Arthurian literature. *Breweriana — collectables associated with a brewery or one of its brands, including beer cans, caps bottles, labels, mats, trays, and taps, as well as bottle openers, tin signs, and neon signs. *Disneyana — items related to The Walt Disney Company, including collectibles, souvenirs, ephemera, and other items produced and/or licensed by Disney. *Mozartiana — things relating to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. *Petroliana — collectibles relating to gas stations or the petroleum industry, including such items as old gas pumps, fuel advertisements, enamel or tin signs, oil cans, and road maps. (See also ''Automobilia'')*Railroadiana (or railwayana) — artifacts of currently- or formerly-operating railways. *Tobacciana — things relating to tobacco, smoking, and the tobacco industry*Trumpiana — materials or documents relating to Donald Trump *Victoriana — items from or related to the Victorian era.
Usage ===In literature===In 1718, Charles Gildon subtitled ''The Complete Art of Poetry'' with "''Shakespeariana; or the most beautiful topicks, descriptions, and similes that occur throughout all Shakespear's plays''. "In 1728, Jonathan Smedley had a work titled ''Gulliveriana: or a Fourth Volume of Miscellanies, being a sequel of the three volumes published by Pope and Swift, to which is added Alexanderiana, or a comparison between the ecclesiastical and poetical Popes and many things in verse and prose relating to the latter''.In 1842, John Wilson Croker, in reference to Samuel Johnson, published ''Johnsoniana: or, Supplement to Boswell''.Referring to John Milton, C. A. Moore titled a 1927 paper as "Miltoniana (1679–1741)".===In music===The suffix ''-iana'', ''-eana'' or ''-ana'' has often been used in the titles of musical works, as a way for a composer to pay tribute to an earlier composer or a noted performer.+Musical tributes with the suffix ''-ana'', ''-iana'', or ''-eana'' suffixWorkCreatorNamesake''Albeniziana''Joan Gibert CaminsIsaac Albéniz''Bachianas Brasileiras''Heitor Villa-LobosJohann Sebastian Bach''Bartokiana''George Rochberg Béla Bartók''Brahmsiana''Leonard Slatkin Johannes Brahms''Fantasia Busoniana''John Ogdon Ferruccio Busoni''Chopiniana''Alexander Glazunov Frédéric Chopin''Cimarosiana''Gian Francesco Malipiero Domenico Cimarosa''Ode Corelliana''Salvatore Di Vittorio Arcangelo Corelli''Debussiana''James RhinehartClaude Debussy''Donizettiana''Myer FredmanGaetano Donizetti''Dussekiana''Eric GrossFrantišek Xaver Dušek''Frescobaldiana''Vittorio GianniniGirolamo Frescobaldi''Gabrieliana''Gian Francesco MalipieroGiovanni Gabrieli''Gershwiniana''Steven GerberGeorge Gershwin''Handeliana''Józef KofflerGeorge Frideric Handel''Ivesiana'' (ballet)George BalanchineCharles Ives''Koschatiana''Ernst BaconThomas Koschat''Lisztiana''Dmitri Rogal-Levitski and Jean-François GrancherFranz Liszt''Mahleriana''Domenico GiannettaGustav Mahler''Mozartiana''Pyotr Ilyich TchaikovskyWolfgang Amadeus Mozart''Mozartiana''Julian Yu''Nazaretheana''Stephen WhittingtonErnesto Nazareth''Nordraakiana''Johan HalvorsenRikard Nordraak''Offenbachiana''Juan José Castro and Manuel RosenthalJacques Offenbach''Offenbachiana''Maciej Malecki''Paganiniana''Alfredo CasellaNiccolò Paganini''Paganiniana''Nathan Milstein (piano four hands)Charles Camilleri''Pedrelliana''Manuel de Falla and Roberto GerhardFelip Pedrell ''Prestilagoyana''Pierre WissmerIda Presti and Alexandre Lagoya''Purcelliana''Alfred AkonHenry Purcell''Overture Respighiana''Salvatore Di VittorioOttorino Respighi''Rossiniane''Mauro GiulianiGioachino Rossini''Rossiniana''Ottorino Respighi''Sarasateana''Efrem ZimbalistPablo de Sarasate''Scarlattiana''Alfredo Casella and Noam SheriffDomenico Scarlatti''Schumanniana''Vincent d'IndyRobert Schumann''Segoviana''Darius MilhaudAndrés Segovia''Soleriana''Joaquín RodrigoAntonio Soler''Stevensonia'' (orchestral suite, 1917 and 1922)Edward Burlingame HillRobert Louis Stevenson''Straussiana''Erich Wolfgang Korngold Johann Strauss II''Tartiniana''Luigi DallapiccolaGiuseppe Tartini''Tchaikovskiana''Myer Fredman, Tasmin Little, and John LenehanPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky''Telemanniana''Hans Werner Henze Georg Philipp Telemann''Thomsoniana''Peggy Glanville-HicksVirgil Thomson''Verdiana''Tutti CamarataGiuseppe Verdi''Viottiana''Luciano SgrizziGiovanni Battista Viotti''Vivaldiana''Gian Francesco Malipiero and Ede TerenyiAntonio Vivaldi+Other uses in musicWorkType of workCreatorNotes''Asturiana'' (1942)symphony María Teresa Prieto''Canadiana Suite'' (1964)albumOscar Peterson''Freudiana''rock-opera albumEric WoolfsonWoolfon's first solo album, named after pioneer psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. ''Frostiana'' (1959)musical pieceRandall ThompsonThe work involves 7 poems of Robert Frost, whom the piece is named after. ''Kentuckiana: Divertissement On 20 Kentucky Airs, for 2 Pianos, 4 Hands'' (1948)compositionDarius Milhaud''Kreisleriana''piano suiteRobert SchumannThe piece is named after the fictional literary character Johannes Kreisler created by E. T. A. Hoffmann. ''Symphony No. 4'' (1952) - originally entitled ''Sinfonia shakespeariana''symphony Gösta Nystroem''Vincentiana''symphony Einojuhani Rautavaara This piece was named in honour of Vincent van Gogh and reuses some material from Rautavaara's earlier opera on van Gogh, titled ''Vincent''. ''Gillespiana'' (1960)album Dizzy GillespieThe album featured compositions by Lalo Schifrin. ''Glinkaiana'', ''Medtneriana'', and ''Scriabiniana''balletsThese three ballets were staged in the Soviet Union in the early 20th century, set to music by their respective namesakes: Mikhail Glinka, Nikolai Medtner and Alexander Scriabin.
See also * Memorabilia**Automobilia**Militaria**Murderabilia*Composer tributes (classical music)
References