List of local anesthetics
Introduction This is a '''list of local anesthetic agents'''. Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are primarily of historical interest. Drug Other common names Image First synthesis Dates of clinical use Chemical/structural class Duration of effectamylocaineStovaine200px1904 (Ernest Fourneau)ester- benzoicambucainecenterdiester - aminosalicylicarticaineAstracaine, Septanest, Septocaine, Ultracaine, Zorcaine150pxAmidebenzocaineAnbesol, Orajel200pxEster - AminobenzoicShortbenzonatateTessalon200pxbupivacaineMarcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine200px1957 (Ekenstam)1963 (Widman and Telivuo)AmideModeratebutacaine200pxester- aminobenzoicbutanilicaine150pxAmidechloroprocaineNesacaine200pxEster - Aminobenzoiccinchocaine (INN)dibucaine (USAN), Cincain, Cinchocaine, Nupercainal, Nupercaine, Sovcaine200px1925 (Meischer)1930 (Uhlmann)Ester - Aminobenzoiccocaine200px1855  (first isolation by Friedrich Gaedcke), 1898  (first synthesis by Richard Willstätter)1884 (Karl Koller, William Stewart Halsted)Ester - Benzoiccyclomethycaineupright=0.8Ester - hydroxybenzoicdibucaineupright=0.8Amidediperodonupright=0.8dimethocainelarocaineupright=0.8eucaineα-Eucaine, β-eucaine α-eucaine  β-eucaine upright=0.4  upright=0.251900.α βetidocaineDuranest1971 (Takman)1972 (Lund)hexylcaineCyclaine, Osmocainefomocaineupright=0.8ester - phenylfotocaineupright=0.8hydroxyprocaineupright=0.8ester - aminosalicylicisobucaineupright=0.8Ester - benzoiclevobupivacaineChirocaine1990s (Mather and Tucker)1995lidocaine(lignocaine)Xylocaine200px1943 (Nils Löfgren and Bengt Lundqvist)1947 (Torsten Gordh)mepivacaineCarbocaine, Polocaine1956 (Ekenstam and Egner)1957 (Dhuner)meprylcaineEpirocainmetabutoxycainenitracaineEster- Aminobenzoicorthocaineoxetacaine (oxethazaine)oxybuprocainebenoxinate, NovesineParaethoxycaineupright=0.8phenacaineHolocainepiperocainemetycainepiridocaineupright=0.8pramocainepramoxineprilocaineCitanest1959 (Nils Löfgren and Egner)1960 (Wielding)PrimacaineprocaineNovocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine200px1904 (Alfred Einhorn)1905 (Heinrich Braun)procainamideupright=0.8proparacaineproxymetacainepropoxycainePyrrocaineupright=0.8quinisocaine (INN)dimethisoquin (USAN)upright=0.8ropivacaineNaropin1957 (Ekenstam)1997trimecaineMesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokaintetracaineamethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine200px1928 (O. Eisleb)1931Tolycaineupright=0.8Tropacocaine200px
See also * 4-Aminobenzoic acid* Amino amide* Amino esters* Anesthesia* Anesthetic* Brachial plexus block* Cocaine analogues: local anesthetics* Dental anesthesia* Dibucaine number* Epidural* Intravenous regional anesthesia* Local anesthesia* Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor* Local anesthetic toxicity* Methemoglobin* Sodium channel blocker* Spinal anesthesia* Topical anesthesia* Veterinary anesthesia
References