Hadula melanopa
Introduction '''''Hadula melanopa''''', the '''broad-bordered white underwing''', is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1791.Subspecies ''H. m. melanopa'' is found in northern Scandinavia; subspecies ''H. m. rupestralis'' is found in the Alps, the Balkan Mountains and the Apennine Mountains; subspecies ''H. m. brunnea'' is found in mountainous areas of Great Britain and subspecies ''H. m. koizumidakeana'' is found in Japan.Alpine form, ''H. m. rupestralis''
Description The wingspan of subspecies ''H. m. melanopa'' is 20–26 mm and subspecies ''H. m. brunnea'' has a wingspan of 25–29 mm. Forewing pale or dark grey with blacker markings, when fresh with a bluish grey powdering; the 3 stigmata black or black edged; outer line alone well-defined, lunulate-dentate; submarginal line preceded by blackish marks, which on costa and beyond cell coalesce and form blotches; fringe mottled black and white; hindwing white, with broad black terminal border; a large black cellspot; base and inner margin smoky fuscous; ab. ''wistroemi'' Lampa from Sweden and the Shetland islands, has the forewings darker, more mixed with brownish or yellow, the underside with a broad black border like that of hindwing; — in ''rupestralis'' Hbn. (= ''tristis'' Hbn., ''rupestris'' Hbn.) the white of the hindwing is obscured by dark smoky fuscous; this form is restricted to the Alps and the mountains of central Italy; ''vidua'' Hbn. is intermediate, the hindwing having a greyish white patch only beyond the reniform. It may be noted that in typical ''melanopa'' the underside of both wings is white, but becomes clouded and darkened in proportion to the darkening of the upperside.— Larva rosy purple; dorsal line ochreous edged with dark, and marked with red spots; subdorsal line yellowish, black edged, with row of black marks above and below it; the spiracular line pale yellow marked with red.1, 1a, 1b  larvae in various stages of growth
Biology Adults are on wing from June to August in one generation.The larvae feed on various plants, including ''Empetrum'', ''Vaccinium'', ''Dryas octopetala'' and low growing ''Salix'' species.
Subspecies *''Hadula melanopa melanopa'' (Scandinavia)*''Hadula melanopa rupestralis'' (Alps, Balkan and Apennine Mountains)*''Hadula melanopa brunnea'' (Great Britain)*''Hadula melanopa koizumidakeana'' (Japan)
References
External links ** ''Fauna Europaea''* ''Lepiforum e.V. ''* ''Schmetterlinge-Deutschlands.de''