List of European Commission portfolios
Introduction A '''portfolio in the European Commission''' is an area of responsibility assigned to a European Commissioner, usually connected to one or several Directorates-General (DGs).
Portfolios ===Agriculture===The Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development is in charge of rural issues including most notably the controversial Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) which represents 44% of the EU budget. The post used to be combined with Fisheries in the Jenkins and Thorn Commissions. The related DG is the Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentNameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name 1 Sicco Mansholt  1958–1972 Hallstein Commission I & II, Rey Commission, Malfatti CommissionAgriculture (vice-president) 2 Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza  1972–1973 Mansholt CommissionAgriculture 3 Pierre Lardinois  1973–1977 Ortoli CommissionAgriculture 4 Finn Olav Gundelach  1977–1981 Jenkins CommissionAgriculture-Fisheries (vice-president)1981–1985Thorn CommissionAgriculture 5Poul DalsagerAgriculture 6 Frans Andriessen  1985–1989 Delors Commission IAgriculture and Rural Development (vice-president) 7 Ray MacSharry  1989–1992 Delors Commission IIAgriculture and Rural Development 8 René Steichen  1992–1995 Delors Commission III 9 Franz Fischler  1995–1999Santer Commission1999–2004Prodi CommissionAgriculture and Fisheries 10Sandra Kalniete 2004 11 Mariann Fischer Boel  2004–2010 Barroso Commission IAgriculture and Rural Development 12 Dacian Cioloş  2010–2014 Barroso Commission II 13 Phil Hogan  2014–2019 Juncker Commission 14 Janusz Wojciechowski  2019 Onwards Von der Leyen Commission Agriculture===Climate Action===The post of Commissioner for Climate Action was created in February 2010, being split from the environmental portfolio to focus on fighting climate change. The first Commissioner to take the post was Connie Hedegaard who headed the Directorate-General for Climate Action.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name 1 Connie Hedegaard  2010–2014 Barroso Commission II Climate Action 2 Miguel Arias Cañete  2014–2019 Juncker Commission Climate Action and Energy 3 Frans Timmermans  2019–2023 Von der Leyen Commission Climate Action 4 Maroš Šefčovič (acting)  2023 Von der Leyen Commission Climate Action 5 Wopke Hoekstra  2023–present Von der Leyen Commission Climate Action===Competition===The Commissioner for Competition is the member responsible for commercial competition, company mergers, cartels, state aid, and anti-trust law. The position became the sole merger authority for the European Economic Area in September 1990.The Competition Commissioner is one of the most powerful positions in the commission and is notable in affecting global companies. For example, the commissioner has been pursued a number of high-profile cases against anticompetitive behaviour; such as the case against the merger of Sony – BMG, against Apple Inc. regarding iTunes, the ongoing case against Microsoft and in particular the GE-Honeywell merger attempt in 2001.In 2007, Neelie Kroes (then Competition Commissioner) was the only Commissioner to make Forbes Magazine's List of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women; she held position 59.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name 1 Hans von der Groeben  1958–1967 Hallstein Commission I & IICompetition 2 Maan Sassen  1967–1971 Rey Commission 3 Albert Borschette  1970–1973 Malfatti Commission, Mansholt CommissionCompetition and Regional Policy1973–1977Ortoli CommissionCompetition 4Raymond Vouel 1976–1981Jenkins Commission 5 Frans Andriessen  1981–1985 Thorn CommissionParliamentary Relations and Competition 6 Peter Sutherland  1985–1989 Delors Commission ICompetition, social affairs and education 7Sir Leon Brittan 1989–1992Delors Commission IICompetition and financial institutions (vice-president) 8 Karel Van Miert  1993–1999 Delors Commission III, Santer CommissionCompetition (vice-president) 9 Mario Monti  1999–2004 Prodi CommissionCompetition 10 Neelie Kroes  2004–2010 Barroso Commission I 11 Joaquín Almunia  2010–2014 Barroso Commission IICompetition (vice-president) 12 Margrethe Vestager  2014 onwards Juncker Commission, Von der Leyen Commission Competition===Development===The Commissioner for Development deals with promoting sustainable development in deprived regions (such as ACP countries and the EU's OCTs). It used to include humanitarian aid. The related DG is Directorate-General for International PartnershipsNameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name 1 Robert Lemaignen  1958–1962 Hallstein Commission IOverseas Development 2 Henri Rochereau  1962–1967 Hallstein Commission II1967–1970Rey CommissionDevelopment Assistance 3 Jean-François Deniau  1967–1970 Rey CommissionForeign Trade, Enlargement and Assistance to developing countries1970–1972Malfatti CommissionExternal Relations and Development Aid1972–1973Mansholt CommissionForeign Affairs and Development Aid1973Ortoli CommissionDevelopment cooperation 4Claude Cheysson 1973–1981Ortoli Commission, Jenkins CommissionDevelopment1981Thorn Commission 5Edgard Pisani 1981–1984 6 Lorenzo Natali  1985–1989 Delors Commission ICooperation, development affairs and enlargement (vice-president)7Filippo Maria Pandolfi1989–1993Delors Commission IIScience, research, development, telecommunications and innovation (vice-president) 7Manuel Marin 1989–1992Cooperation, development and fisheries (vice-president)1993–1994Delors Commission IIICooperation, development and humanitarian aid (vice-president) 8 João de Deus Pinheiro  1995–1999 Santer CommissionRelations with African, Caribbean, Pacific Countries, South Africa and the Lomé Convention 9 Poul Nielson  1999–2004 Prodi CommissionDevelopment and Humanitarian Aid 10 Joe Borg  200411Benita Ferrero-Waldner2004–2010Barroso Commission IExternal Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy 12Louis Michel 2004–2009Development and Humanitarian Aid 13 Karel De Gucht  2009–2010 14 Andris Piebalgs  2010–2014 Barroso Commission IIDevelopment 15 Neven Mimica  2014–2019 Juncker CommissionInternational Cooperation and Development 16 Jutta Urpilainen  2019 Onwards Von der Leyen CommissionInternational Partnerhips===Digitalization and Informations===The Commissioner for the Digital Agenda, previously the Commissioner for Information Society and Media, is responsible media and information issues such as telecoms and ICT.2004–2010 Commissioner, Viviane Reding, found a relatively popular policy in seeking to lower roaming charges of mobile phones when travelling within the EU, stating: "For years, mobile roaming charges have remained unjustifiably high. We are therefore tackling one of the last borders within Europe's internal market". Her legislation to cap roaming charges was approved by the Parliament in April 2007 On 7 April 2006 the commission launched the new ".eu" TLD for websites for EU companies and citizens wishing to have a non-national European internet address. This has proved popular with 2.5 being registered by April 2007.It is now the seventh most popular TLD worldwide, and third in Europe (after .de and .uk)In the previous Commission information society was linked with Enterprise (now linked with Industry).NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name1Fritz Hellwig1967–1970Rey CommissionResearch and Technology, Distribution of Information and Joint Research Centre (vice-president)2Lorenzo Natali1981–1985Thorn CommissionMediterranean Policy, Enlargement and Information (vice-president) 3Karl-Heinz Narjes  1985–1988 Delors Commission IIndustry, information technology and science and research (vice-president)4Carlo Ripa di MeanaInstitutional reforms, information policy, culture and tourism5Filippo Maria Pandolfi1989–1993Delors Commission IIScience, research, development, telecommunications and innovation (vice-president)6Martin Bangemann1993–1994Delors Commission IIIInternal market, industrial affairs and ICT (vice-president) 7 Antonio Ruberti Science, research, technological development and education (vice-president) (6) Martin Bangemann  1995–1999 Santer CommissionIndustrial affairs, Information and Telecommunications Technologies8Marcelino OrejaRelations with the European Parliament, Culture, Audiovisual Policy 9Erkki Liikanen 1999–2004Prodi CommissionEnterprise and Information Society10Olli Rehn2004 11 Ján Figeľ  2004 12 Viviane Reding  2004–2010Barroso Commission IInformation Society and Media 13Neelie Kroes 2010–2014Barroso Commission IIDigital Agenda (vice-president) 14Andrus Ansip 2014–2019Juncker CommissionDigital Single Market (vice-president) 15Maroš Šefčovič2019 16 Margrethe Vestager  2019 Onwards Von der Leyen CommissionEurope Fit for Digital Age (Executive Vice-President)===Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs===The Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs is responsible for the EU's economic affairs including the euro. In the Juncker Commission, the post also acquired responsibility for taxation and anti-fraud protection.There have been calls for a strengthened economic portfolio with Ségolène Royal suggesting that there should be an economic government for the eurozone and at the start of the first Barroso Commission Germany suggested an economic "super-commissioner" – which could see a change in this position. That idea, however, was dropped but the Enterprise and Industry Commissioner was strengthened in response.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name 1 Robert Marjolin  1958–1967 Hallstein Commission I & IIEconomics and Finance (vice-president) 2 Raymond Barre  1967–1970 Rey CommissionEconomic and Finance, Statistical Office (vice-president)1970–1972Malfatti Commission, Mansholt CommissionEconomic & Financial Affairs 3Wilhelm Haferkamp  1973–1977Ortoli CommissionEconomic and Finance, Credit and Investments (vice-president)3Henri François SimonetTaxation, Energy (vice-president)3Finn Olav GundelachInternal Market, Customs Union4Richard Burke1977–1981Jenkins CommissionTaxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport4Étienne DavignonInternal Market, Customs Union, Industrial Affairs 4François-Xavier Ortoli 1977–1985Economic and Financial Credit and Investments (vice-president)Thorn CommissionEconomic and Financial Credit and Investments (vice-president)5Christopher Tugendhat1981–1985Budget and Financial Control, Financial Institutions and Taxation (vice-president)5Karl-Heinz NarjesInternal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety5Lord Cockfield1985–1989Delors Commission IInternal market, tax law and customs (vice-president) 6 Henning Christophersen Budget, financial control, personnel and administration (vice-president)1989–1992Delors Commission IIEconomic & financial affairs and coordination of structural funds (vice-president)7Christiane ScrivenerTaxation and customs union(6)Henning Christophersen1992–1994Delors Commission IIIEconomic and Financial Affairs (vice-president)(7)Christiane ScrivenerTaxation, customs union and consumer policies 8 Yves-Thibault de Silguy  1995–1999 Santer CommissionEconomic and Financial Affairs8Mario MontiInternal Market, Services Customs and Taxation 9 Pedro Solbes  1999–2004Prodi CommissionEconomic and Monetary Affairs 10 Joaquín Almunia  200411Siim Kallas 2004 12Joaquín Almunia 2004–2010Barroso Commission IEconomic and Financial Affairs12László KovácsTaxation and Customs Union 13Olli Rehn 2010–2014Barroso Commission IIEconomic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (vice-president)14Jyrki Katainen201415Algirdas Šemeta2010–2014Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud 16Pierre Moscovici 2014–2019Juncker CommissionEconomic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs 17 Paolo Gentiloni  2019 Onwards Von der Leyen Commission Economy 17 Valdis Dombrovskis  2019 Onwards Economy that Works for People (Executive Vice-President)===Education, Culture, Sport and Youth===The Commissioner for Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth is responsible for policies in education and training, youth, sport, civil society, culture, translation, interpretation and relations with the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.The post was enlarged since the Prodi Commission with the addition of ''training and multilingualism'' (The Directorate-General is still just Directorate-General for Education and Culture). When Romania joined the EU in 2007, multilingualism was handed over to the new Romanian commissioner. In its place the portfolio included youth, sport and civil society. Multilingualism was reintroduced in 2010 under Barroso's second Commission.The commission has become increasingly active in education. The ERASMUS programme, which was established in 1987, is a student exchange programme promoting mobility of students between European universities. The Bologna process aims to create a European Higher Education Area where academic qualifications can be recognised across Europe. The European Institute of Technology is a proposed research university.The previous portfolio to the current was Culture, merged with Audiovisual policy and EP relations.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name1Carlo Ripa di Meana1985–1989Delors Commission IInstitutional reforms, information policy, culture and tourism2Jean Dondelinger1989–1992Delors Commission IIAudiovisual and cultural affairs3Antonio Ruberti1993–1994Delors Commission IIIScience, research, technological development and education (vice-president)3João de Deus PinheiroRelations with Parliament, culture and audiovisual4Marcelino Oreja1995–1999Santer CommissionRelations with the European Parliament, Culture, Audiovisual Policy 5 Viviane Reding  1999–2004 Prodi CommissionEducation and Culture 6 Dalia Grybauskaitė  2004 7 Ján Figeľ  2004–2009 Barroso Commission IEducation, Training and Culture 8 Maroš Šefčovič  2009–20107Leonard Orban2004–2010Multilingualism 8 Androulla Vassiliou  2010–2014 Barroso Commission IIEducation, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth 9 Tibor Navracsics  2014–2019 Juncker CommissionEducation, Culture, Youth and Sport 10 Mariya Gabriel  2019–2023 Von der Leyen CommissionInnovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth11Iliana Ivanova(designated)Von der Leyen CommissionInnovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth===Employment and Social Affairs===The Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion is responsible for matters including those relating to employment, discrimination and social affairs such as welfare. The post has had various alterations; under the first Barroso Commission it was known as Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name 1 Lionello Levi Sandri  1967–1972 Rey Commission 2 Albert Coppé  1972–1973 Malfatti Commission, Mansholt Commission 3 Patrick Hillery  1973–1977 Ortoli Commission 4 Henk Vredeling  1977–1981 Jenkins CommissionEmployment and Social Affairs (vice-president) 5 Ivor Richard  1981–1985 Thorn CommissionEmployment and Social Affairs 6 Alois Pfeiffer  1985–1987 Delors Commission IEconomic affairs and employment 7 Peter Schmidhuber  1987–1989 8 Peter Sutherland  1985–1989Competition, social affairs and education 9 Manuel Marin  1986–1989Competition, social affairs and education (vice-president) 10 Vasso Papandreou  1989–1992 Delors Commission IIEmployment, industrial relations and social affairs 11 Pádraig Flynn  1993–1995 Delors Commission IIISocial affairs and employment 1994–1999Santer Commission Employment and Social Affairs and relations with the EESC 13 Anna Diamantopoulou  1999–2004 Prodi CommissionEmployment and Social Affairs 14 Stavros Dimas  2004 14 Vladimír Špidla  2004–2010 Barroso Commission IEmployment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities 15 László Andor  2010–2014 Barroso Commission IIEmployment, Social Affairs and Inclusion 16 Marianne Thyssen  2014–2019 Juncker CommissionEmployment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility 17 Nicolas Schmit  2019 Onwards Von der Leyen Commission Jobs and Social Rights===Energy===The Commissioner holds responsibility for the European Union's energy policy as well as nuclear issues (Euratom). The Directorate-General for this portfolio is shared with the Commissioner for Transport as the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport.The EU is an active supporter of the Kyoto Protocol, which it signed alongside its member-states. In March 2007 the Union committed itself to cut  emissions by 20 percent by 2020.EU agrees on carbon dioxide cuts There is also a desire to reduce dependency on Russian energy supplies following the disputes between Russia and Belarus and Ukraine. In April 2007 five southern European countries signed a deal to build an oil pipeline from the Black Sea to Italy which will help diversify energy sources.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name 1 Wilhelm Haferkamp  1967–1973 Rey Commission, Malfatti Commission, Mansholt Commission 2 Henri François Simonet  1973–1977 Ortoli Commission 3 Guido Brunner  1977–1981 Jenkins CommissionEnergy, Research, Science 4 Étienne Davignon  1981–1985 Thorn CommissionIndustrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (vice-president) 5 Nicolas Mosar  1985–1989 Delors Commission IEnergy & Euratom 6 Antonio Cardoso e Cunha  1989–1993 Delors Commission IIEnergy, Euratom, small businesses; staff and translation 7 Marcelino Oreja  1993–1994 Delors Commission IIITransport and energy 8 Abel Matutes  1994–1995 9 Christos Papoutsis  1995–1999 Santer CommissionEnergy, Euratom Supply Agency, SMEs and Tourism 10 Loyola de Palacio  1999–2004 Prodi CommissionInter-Institutional Relations and Administration, Transport and Energy (vice-president) 11 Andris Piebalgs  2004–2010 Barroso Commission IEnergy 12 Günther Oettinger  2010–2014 Barroso Commission IIEnergy (vice-president) 13 Miguel Arias Cañete  2014–2019 Juncker CommissionClimate Action and Energy 14 Maroš Šefčovič Energy Union (vice-president) 15 Kadri Simson  2019 Onwards Von der Leyen Commission Energy===Enlargement, European Neighbourhood Policy and External Relations===The Commissioner for Enlargement and the European Neighbourhood Policy is concerned with foreign policy towards the EU's nearest neighbours. The enlargement portfolio began to be created out of the regionalised foreign policy posts. In particular the Santer Commission post for relations with central and eastern Europe as those countries began applying to join. The Neighbourhood Policy element was created in 2004 as part of the External Relations portfolio. When that portfolio was absorbed by the High Representative in 2009, Neighbourhood Policy was transferred to Trade and then to Enlargement in 2010 under the Second Barroso Commission.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual nameLorenzo Natali1977–1981Jenkins CommissionEnlargement, Environment, Nuclear SafetyWilhelm HaferkampExternal Relations (vice-president)1981–1985Thorn CommissionLorenzo NataliMediterranean Policy, Enlargement and Information (vice-president)1985–1989Delors Commission ICooperation, development affairs and enlargement (vice-president)Claude CheyssonMediterranean policy and north–south relationsWilly De ClercqExternal relations and trade policyFrans Andriessen1989–1992Delors Commission IIExternal relations and trade policy (vice-president)Abel Matutes1989–1992Mediterranean and Latin American policyHans van den Broek1993–1994Delors Commission IIIExternal relations and enlargementLeon Brittan1995–1999Santer CommissionCommercial Policy and External Relations (vice-president)Manuel MarinExternal Relations (vice-president)João de Deus PinheiroRelations with African, Caribbean, Pacific CountriesHans van den BroekRelations with central and eastern Europe, CFSP and the External Service, South Africa and the Lomé ConventionChris Patten1999–2004Prodi CommissionExternal Relations Günter VerheugenEnlargement Janez Potočnik 2004 Olli Rehn 2004–2010Barroso Commission IBenita Ferrero-WaldnerExternal Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy Štefan Füle 2010–2014Barroso Commission IIEnlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy Johannes Hahn 2014–2019Juncker CommissionEuropean Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations Olivér Várhelyi  2019 Onwards Von der Leyen Commission Neighbourhood and Enlargement===Environment===The Commissioner for the Environment is responsible for protection of the European Union's environment. Specific actions relating to climate change are under the responsibility of the Climate Action commissioner as of 2010.The EU has made a number of environmental moves, partially in regards to climate change. Most notably it signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1998, set up its Emission Trading Scheme in 2005 and is agreeing to unilaterally cut its emissions by 20% by 2020. (See: Energy policy of the European Union). Other policies include; the Natura 2000 a widespread and successful network of nature conservation sites, the Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH) directive requiring safety testing on widely used chemicals and the Water Framework Directive ensuring water quality reaches higher standards.For more, see European Climate Change Programme, European Union Emission Trading Scheme, Renewable energy in the European Union and the Directorate-General for the Environment.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual nameLorenzo Natali1977–1981Jenkins CommissionEnlargement, Environment, Nuclear SafetyKarl-Heinz Narjes1981–1985Thorn CommissionInternal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear SafetyStanley Clinton Davis1985–1989Delors Commission IEnvironment, consumer protection and transportCarlo Ripa di Meana1989–1993Delors Commission IIEnvironment, nuclear safety and civil protection  Ioannis Paleokrassas  1993–1995 Delors Commission IIIEnvironment, fisheries  Ritt Bjerregaard  1995–1999 Santer CommissionEnvironment and nuclear security  Margot Wallström  1999–2004 Prodi CommissionEnvironment  Stavros Dimas  2004–2010 Barroso Commission I Janez Potočnik 2010–2014Barroso Commission II Karmenu Vella 2014–2019Juncker CommissionEnvironment, Maritime Affairs and FisheriesVirginijus Sinkevičius2019 OnwardsVon der Leyen CommissionEnvironment, Oceans and Fisheries===Budget and Human Resources===The Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources is primarily responsible for the management of the budget of the European Union and related financial issues except for ''budgetary discharge'' which falls under the Commissioner for administration commissioner. Previously simply for the budget, the position expanded under the Prodi Commission to include financial programming. The related DG is the Directorate-General for Budget.Under Commissioner Grybauskaitė, Commissioner's 121.6 billion euro 2008 budget proposed that for the first time funding for sustainable growth (€57.2 billion) would be higher than that of the Common Agricultural Policy (€56.3 billion), traditionally the largest source of expenditure in the EU. There would be an increase in cohesion funds, energy and transport of 14%, research by 11% and lifelong learning by 9%. There would also be an increase in the administrative budget, aid to Kosovo and Palestinian institutions and funds towards the Galileo project. Group of EU states wary of 2008 budget planNameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name  Albert Coppé  1967–1973 Malfatti Commission, Mansholt Commission  Wilhelm Haferkamp  1973–1977 Ortoli Commission  Christopher Tugendhat  1977–1981Jenkins CommissionBudget and Financial Control, Financial Institutions1981–1985Thorn CommissionBudget and Financial Control, Financial Institutions and Taxation (vice-president)Michael O'Kennedy1981–1982Personnel and AdministrationRichard Burke1982–1985  Henning Christophersen  1985–1989 Delors Commission IBudget, financial control, personnel and administrationAntonio Cardoso e Cunha1989–1993Delors Commission IIEnergy, Euratom, small businesses; staff and translation Peter SchmidhuberBudget1993–1995Delors Commission IIIBudget, financial control and the cohesion fund  Erkki Liikanen  1995–1999 Santer CommissionBudget, Personnel and Administration  Michaele Schreyer  1999–2004 Prodi CommissionBudget  Marcos Kyprianou  2004  Dalia Grybauskaitė  2004–2009 Barroso Commission IFinancial Programming and the Budget  Algirdas Šemeta  2009–2010  Janusz Lewandowski  2010–2014 Barroso Commission II  Jacek Dominik  2014Maroš Šefčovič2010–2014Inter-Institutional Relations and Administration (vice-president)  Kristalina Georgieva  2014–2016 Juncker CommissionBudget and Human Resources (vice-president)  Günther Oettinger  2017–2019Budget and Human ResourcesJohannes Hahn2019 OnwardsVon der Leyen CommissionBudget and Administration===Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union===The Commissioner for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union is responsible for banking and finance. It was a role created under the Juncker Commission.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortfolio actual nameChristopher Tugendhat1977–1981Jenkins CommissionBudget and Financial Control, Financial Institutions1981–1985Thorn CommissionBudget and Financial Control, Financial Institutions and Taxation (vice-president)Henning Christophersen1985–1989Delors Commission IBudget, financial control, personnel and administrationAbel Matutes1986–1989Credit, investments, financial instruments and small & medium-sized enterprisesSir Leon Brittan1989–1992Delors Commission IICompetition and financial institutions (vice-president)Peter Schmidhuber1993–1994Delors Commission IIIBudget, financial control and the cohesion fundAnita Gradin1995–1999Santer CommissionImmigration, Justice & Home Affairs, Financial Control, Anti-fraud and Relations with the European Ombudsman. Jonathan Hill 2014–2016Juncker CommissionFinancial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union Valdis Dombrovskis 2016–2019Juncker CommissionEuro and Social Dialogue and Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union (vice-president)2019–2020Von der Leyen CommissionFinancial Markets Mairead McGuinness 2020–presentVon der Leyen CommissionFinancial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union=== Institutional Reform, Democracy and Demography ===NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortfolio actual nameNeil Kinnock1999–2004Prodi CommissionAdministrative reform (vice-president)Carlo Ripa di Meana1985–1989Delors Commission IInstitutional reforms, information policy, culture and tourismRaniero Vanni d'Archirafi1993–1994Delors Commission IIIInstitutional reform, internal market and enterprise''Dubravka Šuica''''''''nominated''''Von der Leyen Commission''''Democracy and Demography (Vice-President)''===Health and Consumer Protection===The Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy is responsible for matters of public health, food safety, animal health, welfare and consumer affairs. Between 2007 and 2010 it was split into a Commissioner for Health and a Commissioner for Consumer Protection – in order to give a portfolio for the incoming Bulgarian Commissioner. It was recombined under the second Barroso Commission.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name Richard Burke 1977–1981Jenkins CommissionTaxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport Karl-Heinz Narjes 1981–1985Thorn CommissionInternal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety Stanley Clinton Davis  1985–1989Delors Commission IEnvironment, consumer protection and transport  Grigoris Varfis  1986–1989Relations with the European Parliament, regional policy and consumer protection  Karel Van Miert  1989–1992 Delors Commission IITransport and consumer protection Christiane Scrivener 1992–1994Delors Commission IIITaxation, customs union and consumer policies  Emma Bonino  1995–1999 Santer CommissionConsumer Policy, Fisheries and ECHO  David Byrne  1999–2004 Prodi CommissionHealth and Consumer Protection  Pavel Telička  2004  Markos Kyprianou  2004–2008 Barroso Commission IHealthAndroulla Vassiliou2008–2010  Meglena Kuneva  2007–2010Consumer Protection  John Dalli  2010–2012 Barroso Commission IIHealth and Consumer PolicyTonio Borg2012–2014HealthNeven Mimica2013–2014Consumer Protection  Vytenis Andriukaitis  2014–2019Juncker CommissionHealth and Food SafetyVěra Jourová2014–2019Justice and ConsumersStella Kyriakidou2019 Onwards''Von der Leyen Commission''Health and Food Safety''Didier Reynders''''''''nominated''''Justice''===High Representative===The High Representative became a Commissioner on 1 December 2009, replacing the External Relations Commissioner (see historical below). Although other external relations posts continue to exist, such as trade, the High Representative is the most senior foreign affairs post in the EU.===Home Affairs===The Commissioner for Home Affairs was created in 2010 by dividing the previous Justice, Freedom and Security portfolio into a security orientated post (DG HOME) and a post centred on justice, on individual and fundamental rights (DG JUST). Its DG is the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME).NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortfolio actual nameAnita Gradin1995–1999Santer CommissionImmigration, Justice & Home Affairs, Financial Control, Anti-fraud and Relations with the European Ombudsman.António Vitorino1999–2004Prodi CommissionJustice and Home AffairsFranco Frattini2004–2008Barroso Commission IJustice, Freedom and Security (vice-president)Jacques Barrot2008–2009Cecilia Malmström 2010–2014Barroso Commission IIHome AffairsViviane Reding2010–2014Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (vice-president)Martine Reicherts2014Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship Dimitris Avramopoulos 2014–2019 Juncker CommissionMigration, Home Affairs and CitizenshipMargaritis Schinas2019–Von der Leyen CommissionPromoting our European Way of Life (vice-president)Ylva Johansson2019–Home Affairs===Industry and Entrepreneurship===The Commissioner for Enterprise and Industry post was enlarged from the Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society portfolio in the Prodi Commission to include Industry. At the start of the first Barroso Commission, Germany, backed by Britain and France suggested an economic "super-commissioner" to fight for competitiveness. Although rejected, this idea though has been taken on by Verheugen, as the Enterprise and Industry portfolio was enlarged and was made a Vice President.As Commissioner, he indicates his aim to increase the competitiveness of Europe, there is a separate Commissioner for Competition dealing with competition between companies within Europe. However, with the numerous economic portfolios, there is a degree of overlap which has been a matter of concern for him along with the purported difficulty of firing director-generals. This Commissioner also chairs the ''Competitiveness Council Commissioners Group'' and is the vice chair of the ''Group of Commissioners on the Lisbon Strategy''. He is expected to be the European chair of the new Transatlantic Economic Council. The relevant DG is Directorate-General for Enterprise and Industry.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual nameÉtienne Davignon1977–1981Jenkins CommissionInternal Market, Customs Union, Industrial Affairs1981–1985Thorn CommissionIndustrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (vice-president)Karl-Heinz NarjesInternal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear SafetyKarl-Heinz Narjes1985–1989Delors Commission IIndustry, information technology and science and research (vice-president)Abel Matutes1986–1989Credit, investments, financial instruments and small & medium-sized enterprisesMartin Bangemann1989–1992Delors Commission IIInternal market and industrial affairs (vice-president)Antonio Cardoso e CunhaEnergy, Euratom, small businesses; staff and translationVasso PapandreouEmployment, industrial relations and social affairsMartin Bangemann1993–1994Delors Commission IIIInternal market, industrial affairs and ICT (vice-president)Raniero Vanni d'ArchirafiInstitutional reform, internal market and enterpriseMartin Bangemann1995–1999Santer CommissionIndustrial affairs, Information & Telecommunications TechnologiesChristos PapoutsisEnergy, Euratom Supply Agency, SMEs and Tourism Erkki Liikanen 1999–2004Prodi CommissionEnterprise and Information SocietyOlli Rehn2004  Ján Figeľ  2004  Günter Verheugen  2004–2010 Barroso Commission IEnterprise and Industry (vice-president)  Antonio Tajani  2010–2014 Barroso Commission IIIndustry and Entrepreneurship (vice-president)Ferdinando Nelli Feroci2014Industry and Entrepreneurship Elżbieta Bieńkowska 2014–2019Juncker CommissionInternal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEsThierry Breton2019 OnwardsVon der Leyen CommissionInternal Market===Internal Market===The Commissioner for Internal Market and Services concerned the development of the 480-million-strong European single market, promoting free movement of people, goods, services and capital. The related DG is Directorate-General for Internal Market and Services and it is also related to the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market.Commissioner Frits Bolkestein (Netherlands) served in the Prodi Commission between 1999 and 2004.In addition to holding the Internal Market portfolio he also held Taxation and Customs Union. Bolkestein is most notable for the Directive on services in the internal market, which is commonly called the "Bolkestein Directive". The directive aimed at enabling a company from a one member-state to recruit workers in another member-state under the law of the company's home state. It was to help the development of the internal market for services, the development of which has lagged behind that for goods. However, there was a great deal of concern about its effect on social standards and welfare, triggering competition between various parts of Europe. This led to significant protests across Europe against the directive including a notable protest at the European Parliament in Strasbourg by port workers which led to damage to the building. MEPs eventually reached a compromise on the text and the Parliament adopted it on 12 December 2006; 2 years after Bolkestein left office, under the Barroso Commission.The portfolio was merged in 2014 with the one for Industry and Entrepreneurship.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name  Piero Malvestiti  1958–1959 Hallstein Commission I  Giuseppe Caron  1959–1963 Hallstein Commission I & II  Guido Colonna di Paliano  1964–1967 Hallstein Commission II  Hans von der Groeben  1967–1970 Rey Commission  Wilhelm Haferkamp  1970–1973 Malfatti Commission, Mansholt Commission  Finn Olav Gundelach  1973–1977 Ortoli Commission  Étienne Davignon  1977–1981 Jenkins CommissionInternal Market, Customs Union, Industrial Affairs  Karl-Heinz Narjes  1981–1985 Thorn CommissionInternal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, the Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety  Lord Cockfield  1985–1989 Delors Commission IInternal market, tax law and customs  Martin Bangemann  1989–1992 Delors Commission IIInternal market and industrial affairs (vice-president)1993–1994Delors Commission IIIInternal market, industrial affairs and ICT (vice-president) Raniero Vanni d'Archirafi 1993–1994Delors Commission IIIInstitutional reform, internal market and enterprise  Mario Monti  1994–1999 Santer CommissionInternal Market, Services, Customs and Taxation  Frits Bolkestein  1999–2004 Prodi CommissionInternal Market  Charlie McCreevy  2004–2010 Barroso Commission IInternal Market and Services  Michel Barnier  2010–2014 Barroso Commission IIInternal Market and Services (vice-president) Elżbieta Bieńkowska 2014–2019Juncker CommissionInternal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEsThierry Breton2019 OnwardsVon der Leyen CommissionInternal Market=== International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid, Civil Protection and Crisis Management ===The Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response was created under the second Barroso Commission in 2010 . It deals in party with dealing with humanitarian disasters and humanitarian aid: the EU is the largest supplier of aid in the world.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name Robert Lemaignen 1958–1962Hallstein Commission Henri Rochereau 1962–1970Hallstein Commission, Rey Commission Jean-François Deniau 1967–1973Rey Commission, Malfatti Commission, Mansholt Commission Claude Cheysson 1973–1981Ortoli Commission, Jenkins Commission, Thorn Commission Edgard Pisani 1981–1985Thorn Commission Lorenzo Natali 1985–1989Delors Commission ICooperation, development affairs and enlargement (vice-president)Carlo Ripa di Meana1989–1992Delors Commission IIEnvironment, nuclear safety and civil protection Manuel MarinCooperation, development and fisheries (vice-president)1992–1994Delors Commission IIICooperation, development and humanitarian aid João de Deus Pinheiro 1995–1999Santer CommissionRelations with African, Caribbean, Pacific Countries, South Africa and the Lomé ConventionEmma Bonino1995–1999Consumer Policy, Fisheries and ECHO Poul Nielson 1999–2004Prodi CommissionDevelopment and Humanitarian Aid Joe Borg 2004Benita Ferrero-Waldner2004–2010Barroso Commission IExternal Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy Louis Michel 2004–2009Development and Humanitarian Aid Karel De Gucht 2009–2010 Kristalina Georgieva 2010–2014Barroso Commission IIInternational Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response Christos Stylianides 2014–2019Juncker CommissionHumanitarian Aid and Crisis ManagementJanez Lenarčič2019 OnwardsVon der Leyen CommissionCrisis Management===Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight===The Vice President of the European Commission for Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight is responsible for the administration of the commission, including management of some of the commission's Internal Services; in particular consolidation of administrative reform, personnel and administration, European Schools and security. The Commissioner is also responsible for the following departments; the Directorate-General for Personnel and Administration, the Office for the Administration and Payment of Individual Entitlement, the Directorate-General for Informatics, the Office of Infrastructure and Logistics, and relations with the European Personnel Selection Office. The current Vice President is Maroš Šefčovič.Prior to 2010 it was also responsible for Audit and Anti-Fraud, now merged with taxation, but gain responsibility for relations with the other EU institutions.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual nameFrans Andriessen1981–1985Thorn CommissionParliamentary Relations and CompetitionMichael O'Kennedy1981–1982Personnel and AdministrationRichard Burke1982–1985 Henning Christophersen 1985–1988Delors Commission IBudget, financial control, personnel and administrationGrigoris Varfis1986–1988Relations with the European Parliament, regional policy and consumer protectionAntonio Cardoso e Cunha1989–1993Delors Commission IIEnergy, Euratom, small businesses; staff and translationJoão de Deus Pinheiro1993–1994Delors Commission IIIRelations with Parliament, culture and audiovisual Erkki Liikanen 1995–1999Santer CommissionBudget, Personnel and AdministrationMarcelino OrejaRelations with the European Parliament, Culture, Audiovisual PolicyAnita GradinImmigration, Justice & Home Affairs, Financial Control, Anti-fraud and Relations with the European Ombudsman. Loyola de Palacio 1999–2004Prodi CommissionEuropean Commissioner for Interinstitutional Relations and Administration, Transport and Energy (vice-president)Margot WallströmBarroso Commission IInstitutional Relations and Communication Strategy (First Vice-President) Siim Kallas 2004–2009Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud Maroš Šefčovič 2010–2014Barroso Commission IIInterinstitutional Relations and Administration (vice-president) Frans Timmermans 2014–2019Juncker CommissionBetter Regulation, Interinstitutional Relations, Rule of Law and Charter of Fundamental Rights (First Vice-President)Maroš Šefčovič2019–presentVon der Leyen CommissionInterinstitutional Relations and Foresight (vice-president)===Justice and Gender Equality===The Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship was created in 2010 by dividing the previous Justice, Freedom and Security portfolio into a security orientated post and a justice and fundamental rights orientated post. The portfolio was then renamed into Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality under the Juncker Commission.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual nameAnita Gradin1995–1999Santer CommissionImmigration, Justice & Home Affairs, Financial Control, Anti-fraud and Relations with the European Ombudsman.António Vitorino1999–2004Prodi CommissionJustice and Home AffairsFranco Frattini2004–2008Barroso Commission IJustice, Freedom and Security (vice-president)Jacques Barrot2008–2009 Viviane Reding 2010–2014Barroso Commission IIJustice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (vice-president)Frans Timmermans2014–presentJuncker CommissionBetter Regulation, Inter-Institutional Relations, Rule of Law and Charter of Fundamental Rights (First Vice-President) Věra Jourová 2014 onwardsJustice and Consumers''nominated''''Von der Leyen Commission''''Values and Transparency (Vice-President)''''Didier Reynders''''''''nominated''''Justice''''Helena Dalli''''''''nominated''''Equality''===Maritime Affairs and Fisheries===The Maritime affairs and Fisheries Commissioner is responsible for policies such as the Common Fisheries Policy, which is largely a competence of the EU rather than the members. The Union has 66,000 km of coastline and the largest Exclusive Economic Zone in the world, covering 25 million km2.On 7 June 2006 the Commission published a green paper for a Maritime Policy and consultation will end in June 2007.The document addresses a number of issues such as sustainable development, protection of the environment, skills and employment, technology and resources, coastal safety and tourism, financial support and heritage. The Commission came under fire in May 2007 for not penalise French fishermen after over-fishing the threatened bluefin tuna by 65% while backing penalties on Irish fishermen for over-fishing mackerel.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual nameFinn Olav Gundelach1977–1981Jenkins CommissionAgriculture-Fisheries (vice-president)Giorgos Kontogeorgis1981–1985Thorn CommissionTransport, Fisheries and TourismFrans Andriessen1985–1989Delors Commission IAgriculture and fisheries (vice-president)António Cardoso e Cunha1986–1989FisheriesManuel Marin1989–1992Delors Commission IICooperation, development and fisheries (vice-president)Ioannis Paleokrassas1993–1995Delors Commission IIIEnvironment, fisheries Franz Fischler 1999–2004Prodi CommissionAgriculture and Fisheries Sandra Kalniete 2004 Joe Borg 2004–2010Barroso Commission IFisheries and Maritime Affairs Maria Damanaki 2010–2014Barroso Commission IIMaritime Affairs and Fisheries Karmenu Vella 2014–2019Juncker CommissionEnvironment, Maritime Affairs and FisheriesVirginijus Sinkevičius2019 OnwardsVon der Leyen CommissionEnvironment, Oceans and Fisheries===Regional Policy and Cohesion===The Regional Policy Commissioner, occasional Regional Affairs Commissioner, is responsible for managing the regional policy of the EU which takes up a third of the EU's budget; it includes the European Regional Development Fund, Structural Funds and Cohesion Funds, Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession and the European Social Fund. The related DG is Directorate-General for Regional Policy.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name Hans von der Groeben 1967–1970Rey Commission Albert Borschette 1970–1973Malfatti Commission, Mansholt Commission George Thomson 1973–1977Ortoli Commission Antonio Giolitti 1977–1985Jenkins Commission, Thorn CommissionRegional Policy Grigoris Varfis 1985–1989Delors Commission IRelations with the European Parliament, regional policy and consumer protectionHenning Christophersen1985–1989Delors Commission IBudget, financial control, personnel and administration (vice-president) Bruce Millan 1989–1992Delors Commission IIRegional Policy1993–1994Delors Commission IIIRegional Policy and CohesionPeter SchmidhuberBudget, financial control and the cohesion fund Monika Wulf-Mathies 1994–1999Santer CommissionRegional Policy Michel Barnier 1999–2004Prodi Commission Jacques Barrot 2004 Péter Balázs 2004 Danuta Hübner 2004–2009Barroso Commission I Paweł Samecki 2009–2010 Johannes Hahn 2010–2014Barroso Commission II Corina Crețu 2014–2019Juncker CommissionElisa Ferreira2019 OnwardsVon der Leyen CommissionCohesion and Reforms===Research, Innovation and Science===The name has had several variations: under the first Barroso Commission it was Science and Research, under Prodi it was simply "Research", Santer was "Research, Science and Technology" and under Delors it was combined with others as "Industry, information technology and science and research" and other various names and combinations prior. The related DG is the Directorate-General for Research.The 2004–2010 Commissioner, Potočnik, aimed to create a European Research Area.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name Fritz Hellwig 1967–1970Rey Commission Ralf Dahrendorf 1973–1977Ortoli Commission Guido Brunner 1977–1981Jenkins CommissionEnergy, Research, ScienceÉtienne Davignon1981–1985Thorn CommissionIndustrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (vice-president)Karl-Heinz Narjes1985–1989Delors Commission IIndustry, information technology and science and research (vice-president) Filippo Maria Pandolfi 1989–1993Delors Commission IIScience, research, development, telecommunications and innovation Antonio Ruberti 1993–1995Delors Commission IIIScience, research, technological development and education (vice-president) Édith Cresson 1995–1999Santer CommissionResearch, Science and Technology Philippe Busquin 1999–2004Prodi CommissionResearch Louis Michel 2004 Janez Potočnik 2004–2010Barroso Commission IScience and Research Máire Geoghegan-Quinn 2010–2014Barroso Commission IIResearch, Innovation and Science Carlos Moedas 2014–2019Juncker CommissionResearch, Science and Innovation''Mariya Gabriel''''''''nominated''''Von der Leyen Commission''''Innovation and Youth''''Maroš Šefčovič''''''''nominated''''Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight (Vice-President)''===Security Union===The Commissioner for Security Union was created in 2016.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual nameFranco Frattini2004–2008Barroso Commission IJustice, Freedom and Security (vice-president)Jacques Barrot2008–2009 Julian King 2016–2019Juncker CommissionSecurity UnionMargaritis Schinas2019 OnwardsVon der Leyen CommissionProtecting our European Way of Life (vice-president)===Statistics, Audit and Anti-Fraud===The Commissioner for Taxation, Customs, Statistics, Audit and Anti-Fraud is responsible for the EU's customs union and taxation policy. The European Union has had a customs union since the creation of the European Economic Community and that union extends to the non-EU members of the European Economic Area and to Turkey, Andorra and San Marino. Since 2010 it gained responsibility for audit (budgetary discharge, internal audit, counter fraud): in particular the Internal Audit Service and the European Anti-fraud Office.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual nameAnita Gradin1995–1999Santer CommissionImmigration, Justice & Home Affairs, Financial Control, Anti-fraud and Relations with the European Ombudsman. Frits Bolkestein 1999–2004Prodi CommissionInternal Market Neil Kinnock 1999–2004Administrative reform László Kovács 2004–2009Barroso Commission ITaxation and Customs Union Siim Kallas 2004–2010Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud Algirdas Šemeta 2010–2014Barroso Commission IITaxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud Pierre Moscovici 2014–2019Juncker CommissionEconomic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and CustomsPaolo Gentiloni2019 OnwardsVon der Leyen CommissionEconomy''Didier Reynders''''''''nominated''''Justice''===Trade===The Commissioner for Trade is responsible for the EU's external trade policy. Due to the size of the European economy, being the world's largest market and having a huge slice of world trade, this position can be very important in dealing with other world economic powers such as China or the United States. Former Commissioner Leon Brittan commented that "Frankly, it is more important than most national cabinet jobs". The Commissioner leads Europe in organisations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Concluding WTO talks after the collapse of the Doha Development Round has been a contentious point, with the EU not willing to cut agricultural subsidies without similar action by the United States. The related DG is Directorate-General for Trade.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual nameWilly De Clercq1985–1989Delors Commission IExternal relations and trade policyFrans Andriessen1989–1992Delors Commission IIExternal relations and trade policy (vice-president)Leon Brittan1992–1994Delors Commission IIIExternal economic affairs and trade policy (vice-president) 1994–1999Santer CommissionCommercial Policy and External Relations (vice-president) Pascal Lamy 1999–2004Prodi CommissionTrade Danuta Hübner 2004 Peter Mandelson 2004–2008Barroso Commission I Catherine Ashton 2008–2010 Karel De Gucht 2010–2014Barroso Commission II Cecilia Malmström 2014–2019Juncker CommissionPhil Hogan2019–2020 Von der Leyen CommissionValdis Dombrovskis2020 Onwards===Transport===The portfolio is responsible for the development of transport infrastructure in the EU such as road and rail networks but also navigation systems such as the Galileo positioning system.NameCountryPeriodCommissionPortoflio actual name Michel Rasquin 1958Hallstein Commission Lambert Schaus 1958–1967Hallstein Commission Victor Bodson 1967–1970Rey Commission Albert Coppé 1970–1973Malfatti Commission, Mansholt Commission Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza 1973–1977Ortoli Commission Richard Burke 1977–1981Jenkins CommissionTaxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport Giorgos Kontogeorgis 1981–1985Thorn CommissionTransport, Fisheries and Tourism Stanley Clinton Davis 1985–1989Delors Commission IEnvironment, Consumer Protection and Transport Karel Van Miert 1989–1992Delors Commission IITransport and Consumer Protection Abel Matutes 1993–1994Delors Commission IIITransport and Energy Marcelino Oreja 1994–1995 Neil Kinnock 1995–1999Santer CommissionTransport, including TEN Loyola de Palacio 1999–2004Prodi CommissionInter-Institutional Relations and Administration, Transport and Energy (vice-president) Jacques Barrot 2004–2008Barroso Commission ITransport Antonio Tajani 2008–2010Transport (vice-president) Siim Kallas 2010–2014Barroso Commission II Violeta Bulc 2014–2019Juncker CommissionTransportAdina Ioana Vălean2019 OnwardsVon der Leyen Commission
Historical portfolios Many portfolios have been combined and split under different president's, below is a few of the previous posts that have since been abolished.===Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud===The Commissioner for Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud was in the first Barroso Commission and was responsible for the commission's internal administration and anti-fraud efforts.Its administrative duties included management of some of the commission's Internal Services; in particular consolidation of administrative reform, personnel and administration, European Schools and security. The Commissioner is also responsible for the following departments; the Directorate-General for Personnel and Administration, the Office for the Administration and Payment of Individual Entitlement, the Directorate-General for Informatics, the Office of Infrastructure and Logistics, and relations with the European Personnel Selection Office. Its other responsibilities were for audit (budgetary discharge, internal audit, counter fraud): in particular the Internal Audit Service and the European Anti-fraud Office.NameCountryPeriodCommissionMichael O'Kennedy 1981–1982Thorn CommissionRichard Burke 1982–1985Thorn CommissionHenning Christophersen 1985–1988Delors CommissionPeter Schmidhuber 1988–1994Delors CommissionErkki Liikanen 1994–1999Santer CommissionNeil Kinnock 1999–2004Prodi Commission (''Audit'')Siim Kallas 2004–2009Barroso Commission===Administrative Reform===A position created for the Prodi Commission in the wake of the Santer Commission corruption scandal.===Agriculture and Fisheries===This position used deal with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). It existed when the CFP was created in the Jenkins until the Thorn Commission when it was split into Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Fisheries and Maritime Affairs.===Communication strategy===The Communication strategy portfolio in the first Barroso Commission existed between 2004 and 2010 combined with Institutional Relations. Under the second Barroso Commission this was dropped as it had no powers and was open to allegations of propaganda.===Consumer Protection===The Commissioner for Consumer Protection was responsible for protecting the rights of consumers vs corporations between 2007 and 2010.The only Commissioner was Meglena Kuneva (ALDE).This specific portfolio was created in 2007, separated from the Health portfolio. However, it first appeared in the Jenkins Commission as "Consumer Affairs" though the Barroso Commission was the first time it has been an independent portfolio. The independent portfolio was created when Bulgaria and Romania joined the European Union on 1 January 2007.It used to be part of the Health and Consumer Protection portfolio which was held by Markos Kyprianou. Unlike the Multilingualism portfolio that was created for Leonard Orban, this post was welcomed due to the large size of the combined portfolio. The Directorate-General is still merged with that office. In 2010 it was recombined with Health in the second Barroso Commission.===External Relations===The Commissioner for External Relations, known as the Commissioner for External Relations and the European Neighbourhood Policy at its demise dealt with general foreign relations and representation of the Commission abroad. It occasionally took on related responsibilities such as enlargement or neighbourhood policy, though most of the time other separate external relations portfolios existed such as development or trade. Early on external relations were split according to geography between various Commissioners. On 1 December 2009 its responsibilities were merged into the High Representative.===Energy, Euratom Supply Agency, SMEs and Tourism===An expanded version of the Energy portfolio in the Santer Commission, including parts of Industry (SMEs) and Tourism which has only appeared under Santer.===Health===The Commissioner for Health existed between 2007 and 2010 when it was split off from Consumer Protection for the new Bulgarian Commissioner. It was recombined under the succeeding Commission in 2010.===Justice, Freedom and Security===The Justice, Freedom and Security portfolio was roughly on the former third pillar: Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters. The position covers such matters as judicial matters, human rights, equality laws, immigration control, policing and citizenship (see ''Area of freedom, security and justice''). The relevant DG was Directorate-General for Justice, Freedom and Security.As a concession to the liberals, Barroso split the post in 2010 into the Commissioner for Home Affairs (the security aspect) and the Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (the human rights aspect).Previous commissioners:NameCountryPeriodCommissionAnita Gradin 1995–1999Santer CommissionAntónio Vitorino 1999–2004Prodi CommissionFranco Frattini 2004–2008Barroso CommissionJacques Barrot 2008–2010Barroso Commission===Multilingualism===The Commissioner for Multilingualism was responsible for language policy of the European Union, i.e., promoting multilingualism for the citizens and the institutions of the EU. It was created on 1 January 2007 during the Barroso Commission. The only commissioner is Leonard Orban (2007–2010). The post was created on 1 January 2007, in the enlarged Barroso Commission after the accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the EU. Multilingualism had been a responsibility of the European Commissioner for Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism (held by Ján Figeľ between 2004 and 2007). Under the second Barroso Commission, the post was re-merged into the education and culture portfolio (held by Androulla Vassiliou).The new portfolio was criticised for vagueness and ambiguity, it has been claimed that the post overlaps with responsibilities of other Commissioners. The Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament has asked the current president of the Commission José Manuel Barroso to clarify the mandate of Commissioner for Multilingualism and of other members of the commission with regards to the "intercultural dialogue".European Parliament Socialist Group (PES) leader Martin Schulz suggested a portfolio for the protection of ethnic minorities instead. His party suggested the introduction of the protection of the Roma minority. Barroso turned down the PES proposal and defended the post. He stated that Commissioner for Education, Training and Culture Ján Figeľ "will remain responsible for the management of actions to directly promote the inter-cultural dialogue".Politically, the portfolio was mainly focused on promoting foreign languages learning as means for worker's mobility and business competitiveness rather than emphasizing language rights of speakers of regional, minority, lesser-used and migrant languages. Commissioner for Multilingualism is also responsible, alongside the President of the Commission, Barroso, and the European Commissioner for Education, Training and Culture, Ján Figeľ to work on "intercultural dialogue", including the 2008 European Year of Intercultural Dialogue.Administratively, Commissioner for Multilingualism was in charge of the Directorate-General for Translation, the DG for Interpretation and the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, as well as for the Multilingualism policy unit (EAC-C-5) in the DG for Education and Culture, with 3,400 staff in total – about 15 per cent of the Brussels executive's workforce- and with about 1 percent of the EU budget.
References