National Computational Infrastructure
Introduction The National Computational Infrastructure building at the Australian National University in 2013The '''National Computational Infrastructure''' (also known as '''NCI''' or '''NCI Australia''') is a high-performance computing and data services facility, located at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The NCI is supported by the Australian Government's National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), with operational funding provided through a formal collaboration incorporating CSIRO, the Bureau of Meteorology, the Australian National University, Geoscience Australia, the Australian Research Council, and a number of research intensive universities and medical research institutes. Access to computational resources is provided to funding partners as well as researchers awarded grants under the National Computing Merit Allocation Scheme (NCMAS).The current director is Sean Smith.
Notable staff * Lindsay Botten – former director* Chris Pigram – former CEO of Geoscience Australia and acting director after the retirement of Lindsay Botten. * Sean Smith – current director
Facility The NCI building is located on the ANU campus in Canberra and uses hot aisle containment and free cooling to cool their computers.
Computer systems As of June 2020, NCI operates two main high-performance computing installations, including:* '''Gadi''', meaning 'to search for' in the local Ngunnawal language. a 9.26 PetaFLOP high-performance distributed memory cluster consisting of:** 145,152 cores (Intel Xeon Scalable 'Cascade Lake' processors) across 3024 nodes** 160 nodes containing four Nvidia V100 GPUs** 567 Terabytes of main memory** 20 Petabytes of fast storage** 47 Petabytes of storage for large data files** 50 Petabytes of tape storage for archival** HDR Mellanox Infiniband in Dragonfly+ topology (up to 200Gbit/s transfer)* '''Tenjin''', a 67 TeraFLOP bespoke high-performance partner cloud, consisting of:** 1600 Intel Xeon Sandy Bridge cores** 25 Terabytes main memory** 160 Terabytes State Disk
Data services and storage NCI operates the fastest filesystems in the Southern Hemisphere. 20 Petabytes of storage is available for fast I/O, 47 Petabytes is available for large data and research files, and 50 Petabytes is available on tape for archival.===Datasets===NCI hosts multiple data sets that can be used on their computation systems including:* Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Data Archive (ATSIDA) which provides Australian Indigenous research data* Australian Astronomy Optical Data Repository (ODR) including: ** Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) current and selected historical datasets** Southern Sky Survey, using the ANU's robotic SkyMapper telescope at Mount Stromlo Observatory* Australian National Geophysical Collection (300TB in 2015) including:** Airborne geophysics data** Gravity data set** Seismic survey* High resolution 'raw' Indian Ocean sea floor data generated as part of the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.
Research Research conducted or under way includes:* Southern Sky Survey, using the ANU's robotic SkyMapper telescope at Mount Stromlo Observatory* The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS)*  COVID-19 mitigation research* Medical and materials research
History NCI Australia is a direct descendant of the ANU Supercomputing Facility ANUSF, which existed from 1987 through to 1999.At the turn of the new millennium, the Australian Government pushed ahead with a process to form the Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing (APAC), the foundation of which would be built around a new national computational infrastructure. With its heritage in supercomputing, it was decided that the APAC National Facility would be located at The Australian National University, with the facility ultimately commissioned in 2001.In 2007, APAC began its evolution into the present NCI collaboration.The below table is a comprehensive history of supercomputer specifications present at the NCI and its antecedents. '''System (name)''''''Processor''''''Memory''''''Storage''''''Peak Perf. ''''''Sustained Perf. (SPEC)''''''Initial''''''Top500''''''Rank'''1987–92Fujitsu VP100Vector64 MByte0.15 GFlops1992–96Fujitsu VP2200Vector512 MByte27 GByte1.25 GFlops1996–2001Fujitsu VPPVector/Scalar14 GByte28 GFlops59SGI Power Challenge XL20MIPS R100002 GByte77 GByte6.4 GFlops2001–05Compaq/HP Alphaserver(sc)512DEC Alpha0.5 TByte12TByte1 TFlop2,000312005–09SGI Altix 3700(ac)1920Intel Itanium5.5 TByte100 TByte14 TFlop21,000262009–13SGI Altix XE(xe)1248Intel Xeon (Nehalem)2.5 TByte90 TByte14 TFlop12,000—2009–13Sun/Oracle Constellation (Vayu)11,936Intel Xeon(Nehalem)37 TByte800 TByte140 TFlop240,000352013–2019Fujitsu Primergy (Raijin)57,472Intel Xeon (Sandy Bridge)160 TByte12.5 PByte1195 TFlop1,600,000242020–PresentFujitsu Primergy CX2570 (Gadi)145152Intel Xeon (Cascade Lake)576 TByte20 PByte9260 TFlop24===Vayu===The '''Vayu computer cluster''', the predecessor of Raijin, was based on a Sun Microsystems Sun Constellation System. The Vayu system was taken from Sun's code name for the compute blade within the system. Vayu is a Hindu god, the name meaning "wind". The cluster was officially launched on 2009-11-16 by the Government of Australia's Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Senator Kim Carr, after provisional acceptance on 2009-09-18.Vayu was first operated in September 2009 with one eighth of the final computing power, with the full system commissioned in March 2010.Vayu had the following performance characteristics:* Peak performance: 140 TFlops* Sustained: 250K SPECfp rate* Resources: 110M hrs p.a.The system comprised:* 11936 CPUs in 1492 nodes in Sun X6275 blades, each containing** two quad-core 2.93 GHz Intel Nehalem CPUs** 24Gbyte DDR3-1333 memory** 24GB Flash DIMM for swap and job scratch* total: 36.9TB of RAM on compute nodes* Dual socket, quad-core Sun X4170, X4270, X4275 servers for Lustre fileserving* approx 835TBytes of global user storagePower consumption of the full 11936 CPU system was approx 605 kW, but all the power was intended to be from green energy sources.System software for the Vayu cluster includes:* CentOS 5.4 Linux distribution (based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4)* the oneSIS cluster software management system* the Lustre cluster file system* the National Facility's variant of the OpenPBS batch queuing systemThe national government has provided around A$26m to enable the building of the centre and installation of Vayu. Other participating organisations included the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Australian National University, and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, cooperating using an integrated computational environment for the earth systems sciences, including investigating aspects of operational weather forecasting through to climate modelling and prediction. The ANU and CSIRO each subscribed about A$3m, thereby getting about a quarter of the machine. The ANU and CSIRO, with the support of the Australian Government made plans for funding Vayu's replacement, in about 2011-2012, with a machine about 12 times more powerful.
See also * Pawsey Supercomputing Centre* CSIRO* Geoscience Australia* TOP500
References
External links *  NCI Australia website**  NCI facilities