Nogales Municipality, Sonora
Introduction City of Nogales and landscape of the Municipality of Nogales.The '''Municipality of Nogales''' is a municipality in the Mexican state of Sonora in Northwestern Mexico. The name Nogales is the Spanish term of "walnut trees."
Geography The northern boundary of the Municipality is located along the U.S.—Mexico border.The county seat of the Municipality is the City of Nogales. The city is abutted on its north by the city of Nogales, Arizona, United States.
History The independent Nogales Municipality, which included the town of Nogales, was established on July 11, 1884.The Nogales Municipality covers an area of 1,675 km². Nogales was declared a city within the Municipality on January 1, 1920.===Escobarista Rebellion===Early in March 1929, the Escobarista Rebellion exploded in Nogales, sponsored by Obregonistas, supporters of Mexican president Álvaro Obregón, who had been assassinated on July 17, 1928.General Manuel Aguirre, commanding the rebellious 64th Regiment, took power without firing a shot, causing ''federales'' from Naco to send a daily airplane to attack the rebels. It dropped a few bombs over Nogales without doing any damage, while the rebels fought back with machine guns from the roofs without doing any damage to the airplane. There was only one casualty, a woman who was scared by a bomb explosion and had a heart attack. That same month, a hooded man appeared at night driving a tank on Morley Street on the U.S. side, then entered Mexico to help the ''federales'' in Naco. It seems that the tank had been bought in 1927 for fighting the Yaquis, but U.S. officials prohibited it from leaving the U.S., and it had been kept in a warehouse in Nogales, Arizona.
Government The Nogales Municipality was governed by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) since 1931 until the 2006 elections, when power shifted to the National Action Party (PAN). After more than seven decades of being in power, the  was ousted by  when long-time businessman and philanthropist Marco Antonio Martínez Dabdoub ran for the presidency of Nogales, and gained access to the municipal government after having won by 30,826 votes against 23,892 of his PRI opponent.The body of Cecilia Yépiz Reyna, former Secretary of Urban Development and Ecology, was found in a shallow grave near the border on March 6, 2021, after a three-month search. Her brother accused municipal president Jesús Pujol Irastorza (), of the kidnapping and murder.=== Municipal presidents ===Term Municipal president Political partyNotes1910-1913 Fernando F. Rodríguez  1913-1914 Antonio Varela  1916-1917 Astolfo R. Cárdenas  1917-1918 Félix B. Peñaloza  1918-1919 Astolfo R. Cárdenas  1919-1920 Alberto Figueroa  1920-1921 Alejandro Villaseñor  1921-1922 Francisco V. Ramos  1922-1923 Francisco A. Casanova  1923-1924 Walterio Pesqueira  1924-1925 Jesús E. Maytorena  1925 Jesús Siqueiros  Acting municipal president1925-1926 Fernando E. Priego  1926 Guillermo Mascareñas  Acting municipal president1926-1927 Carlos Revilla  1927 Apolonio L. Castro  Acting municipal president1927-1929 Macedonio H. Jiménez  1929-1930 ? 1931-1932 Eduardo L. Soto PNR link=Partido Nacional Revolucionario 1932-1933 José S. Elías PNR link=Partido Nacional Revolucionario 1933-1935 Rafael E. Ruiz PNR link=Partido Nacional Revolucionario 1935-1937 Enrique Aguayo PNR link=Partido Nacional Revolucionario 1937-1939 Gustavo Escobosa PNR link=Partido Nacional Revolucionario 1939 Manuel Mascareñas, Jr. PRM link=Partido de la Revolución Mexicana 1939-1941 Lauro Larios PRM link=Partido de la Revolución Mexicana 1941-1943 Anacleto F. Olmos PRM link=Partido de la Revolución Mexicana 1943-1946 Luis R. Fernández PRM link=Partido de la Revolución Mexicana 1946-1949 Miguel F. Vázquez PRI 22px1949-1952 Gonzalo Guerrero Almada PRI 22px1952-1953 Víctor M. Ruiz Fimbres PRI 22px1953-1955 Ernesto V. Félix PRI 22px1955-1958 Miguel Amador Torres PRI 22px1958-1961 Otilio H. Garavito PRI 22px1961-1964 Jesús Francisco Cano PRI 22px1964-1967 Ramiro Corona Godoy PRI 22px1967-1970 Leopoldo Elías Romero PRI 22px1970-1973 Octavio García García PRI 22px1973-1974 Ricardo  Silva Hurtado PRI 22px1974-1976 Enrique Moralla Valdez PRI 22px1976 Jesús Retes Vásquez PRI 22pxActing municipal president1976-1979 Héctor Monroy Rivera PRI 22px1979-1982 Alejandro Silva Hurtado PRI 22px1982-1985 Enrique Moralla Valdez PRI 22px1985-1988 César José Dabdoub Chávez PRI 22px1988-1991 Leobardo Gil Torres PRI 22px1991-1994 Héctor Mayer Soto PRI 22px1994-1997 Abraham Faruk Zaied Dabdoub PRI 22px1997-2000 Wenceslao Cota Montoya PRI 22px2000-2003 Abraham Faruk Zaied Dabdoub PRI 22px2003-2006 Lorenzo Antonio de la Fuente Manríquez PRI 22px2006-2009 Marco Antonio Martínez Dabdoub PAN 22px2009-2012 José Ángel Hernández Barajas PAN 22px2012-2015 Ramón Guzmán Muñoz PRI 22pxPVEM 19px 2015-2018 David Cuauhtémoc Galindo Delgado PAN 22px2018-2021 Jesús Antonio Pujol Irastorza  PT 22pxMorena 20pxPES 22pxCoalition "Together We Will Make History"2021-  Juan Francisco Gim Nogales Morena 20px === Assassination of a former Nogales official ===On 5 January 2021, civil engineer Cecilia Yépiz Reyna, former secretary of Infrastructure, Urban Development and Ecology of the City of Nogales, disappeared. Later, on 7 March, her body was found: Yépiz had been clandestinely buried in a grave located on a site located 1.86 miles (3 kilometers) Southwest of the Mexico International Highway 15, kilometer 249 of the Nogales-Ímuris section. On 18 May, 2021, the alleged perpetrator, Fernando "N", was arrested in the city of San Luis Potosí transferred first to Hermosillo, and then to Nogales.
Population The 2005 census the official population of the Nogales Municipality was 193,517.At the latest census in 2010, the official numbers were  220,292 for the Municipality.The city and the municipality both rank third in the state in population, after Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregón. The municipality includes many outlying but small rural communities. The only other localities with over 1,000 inhabitants are La Mesa (2,996)  and Centro de Readaptación Social Nuevo (2,203) . Nogales is served by Nogales International Airport.The population growth is in part due to the influx of industry that has come since the opening of the maquiladora industry through the National Industrialization Program, decades before the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Manufacturing now accounts for 55% of the city's gross domestic product, and services are growing as well, most of this caused by the growing jobs in the city.Nogales is known for its recent enormous population growth which covers the hills along the central narrow north-south valley. Dispersed among the houses, the visitor will find a mixture of factories, stores, etc. In 2006, the southern half of the city experienced a modern urbanization development including shopping malls, wide avenues, and modern housing conglomerations.
Economy The primary commercial artery is Mexico Federal Highway 15, which links the state with the U.S. as well as major cities in Mexico.===Tourism===Due to its location, Nogales is one of the most important ports of entry for the U.S. The downtown area used to have a large number of bars, strip clubs, hotels, restaurants, as well as  curio stores, which sold a large variety of artesanias (handicrafts, leather art, handmade flowers, clothes) brought from the deeper central and southern states of Mexico. However, now downtown Nogales has forgotten those activities, due to two main causes: the recent violence in Mexico, and the barriers imposed by the US Government after September 11, 2001.===Manufacturing===Maquiladoras, or manufacturing plants, employ a large percentage of the population. Nogales' proximity to the U.S. and the abundance of inexpensive labor make it an efficient location for foreign companies to have manufacturing and assembly operations. Some of the companies that have established maquiladoras in Nogales include: Otis Elevator, The Chamberlain Group, Walbro, and  Philips Avent. ;Production and exportApproximately 92 establishments produce foreign exports. Sixty-five of these establishments are located in seven industrial parks, which employ approximately 25,400 workers, around 50 percent of the total employed population of the municipality. Also important to the economy is livestock for both foreign export and cattle breeding.
See also *City of Nogales, Sonora*Municipalities of Sonora
References * Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005 INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
External links * Nogales, Ayuntamiento Digital ''(Official Website of Nogales, Sonora)''  * Everything you want to know about Nogales - Bilingual