District (Taiwan)
Introduction '''Districts''' are administrative subdivisions of the Republic of China (Taiwan)'s special municipalities of the second level and provincial cities of the third level formerly under its provinces. There are two types of district in the administrative scheme.NameChineseMandarinPinyinTaiwanesePe̍h-ōe-jīDistrictqūkhuMountain indigenous districtzhíxiáshì shāndìyuánzhùmín qūTi̍t-hat-chhī soaⁿ-tēgoân-chū-bîn khuOrdinary districts are governed directly by the municipality/city government with district administrators appointed by the mayors to four-year terms. The mountain indigenous district is a local government body with elected district chiefs as well as district council serving four-year terms.
History The first administrative divisions entitled "districts" were established in the 1900s when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. After the World War II, nine (9) out of eleven (11) prefectural cities established by the Japanese government were reform into provincial cities. These cities are Changhua, Chiayi, Hsinchu, Kaohsiung, Keelung, Pingtung, Taichung, Tainan and Taipei. The wards ( ''ku'') and towns ( ''machi'') under those cities were merged into larger districts. At the same time, the districts ( ''kun'') under prefectures also reformed as county-controlled districts.Divisions before 1945Divisions after 1945 to 1950NameKanjiJapaneseHepburnTaiwanesePe̍h-ōe-jīNameChineseMandarinPinyinTaiwanesePe̍h-ōe-jīWard (under cities)kukhuDistrict (under cities)qūkhuDistrict (under prefectures)kunkūnDistrict (under counties)qūkhuIn August 1950, another administrative division reform was performed in Taiwan, the size of counties shrink and all townships are all directly administered by the county. County-controlled districts were all defunct in this reform. At the same time provincial cities including Changhua, Chiayi, Hsinchu, Pingtung were downgraded to county-administered cities, districts of these cities were also defunct. This makes district the type of division exclusively under the five remaining provincial cities: Kaohsiung, Keelung, Taichung, Tainan and Taipei. When Taipei was promoted as a special municipality by the central government in 1967, several townships surrounding the city were merged into Taipei City and were reorganized as its districts. Afterwards, through another reorganization in 1990, the 12 current districts were formed. In addition, Kaohsiung, the largest city in southern Taiwan, was promoted as a special municipality in 1979.Siaogang Township was also merged to Siaogang District.In December 2010, the four new special municipalities were established namely Kaohsiung, New Taipei, Taichung, and Tainan. Subsequently, all the county-administered cities and townships in Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan, and Taipei Counties were reformed as districts of the new Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan and New Taipei cities respectively. Their names, nevertheless, remained the same. The same thing happened to Taoyuan on 25 December 2014 where there are additional new 13 districts from the former county.These municipalities and provincial cities use '''district administrative centers''' for public affairs services to serve the residents of these districts. Also, the directors of these districts and administrative centers are appointed by the mayors, with four years per term.On 4 February 2014, six districts were reclassified as '''Special Municipal Mountain Indigenous District''' (; or shortened as '''Mountain Indigenous District''' ()): Wulai in New Taipei, Fuxing in Taoyuan, Heping in Taichung, along with Namasia, Maolin, and Taoyuan in Kaohsiung.
Districts in Taiwan ===Districts by cities===In the Republic of China, districts are the only subdivisions of special municipalities and provincial cities in Taiwan Province. Currently, there are 164 districts and 6 mountain indigenous districts located in the special municipalities and the provincial cities.Division type'''Special municipality''''''Provincial city'''TotalNameKaohsiungNew TaipeiTaichungTainanTaipeiTaoyuanChiayiHsinchuKeelungDistricts352828371212237164Mountain indigenous districts311  16===List of Districts in Taiwan===Colors indicate the common language status of Hakka and Formosan languages within each division.NameChineseHànyǔ PīnyīnTaiwanese POJHakkaFormosan or othersCityTypeZhongzheng|ZhōngzhèngTiong-chèngTsûng-tsang TaipeiMunicipalWanhua|WànhuáBáng-kahVan-fàBangkaBasayTaipeiMunicipalDatong|DàtóngTāi-tôngThai-thùng TaipeiMunicipalZhongshan|ZhōngshānTiong-sanTsûng-sân TaipeiMunicipalSongshan|SōngshānSiông-sanTshiùng-sân TaipeiMunicipalDaan|Dà'ānTāi-anThai-ôn TaipeiMunicipalXinyi|XìnyìSìn-gīSin-ngi TaipeiMunicipalNeihu|NèihúLāi-ô͘Nui-fù TaipeiMunicipalNangang|NángǎngLâm-kángNàm-kóng TaipeiMunicipalShilin|ShìlínSū-lîmSṳ-lìm TaipeiMunicipalBeitou|BěitóuPak-tâuPet-thèu TaipeiMunicipalWenshan|WénshānBûn-sanVùn-sân TaipeiMunicipalBanqiao|BǎnqiáoPang-kiôPiông-khièu New TaipeiMunicipalXinzhuang|XīnzhuāngSin-chngSîn-chông New TaipeiMunicipalZhonghe|ZhōnghéTiong-hôChûng-fò New TaipeiMunicipalYonghe|YǒnghéÉng-hôYún-fò New TaipeiMunicipalTucheng|TǔchéngThô͘-siâⁿThú-sàng New TaipeiMunicipalShulin|ShùlínChhiū-nâSu-nà New TaipeiMunicipalSanxia|SānxiáSam-kiapSâm-hia̍p New TaipeiMunicipalYingge|YīnggēEng-koYîn-kô New TaipeiMunicipalSanchong|SānchóngSam-tiông/Sâm-chhùng New TaipeiMunicipalLuzhou|LúzhōuLô͘-chiuLù-chû New TaipeiMunicipalWugu|WǔgǔGō͘-kó͘Ńg-kú New TaipeiMunicipalTaishan|TàishānThài-sanThai-sân New TaipeiMunicipalLinkou|LínkǒuNâ-khàuNà-khiéu New TaipeiMunicipalBali|BālǐPat-líPat-lî New TaipeiMunicipalTamsui|DànshuǐTām-chuíThâm-súi New TaipeiMunicipalSanzhi|SānzhīSam-chiSâm-chṳ New TaipeiMunicipalShimen|ShíménChio̍h-mn̂gSa̍k-mùn New TaipeiMunicipalJinshan|JīnshānKim-sanKîm-sân New TaipeiMunicipalWanli|WànlǐBān-líVan-lî New TaipeiMunicipalXizhi|XīzhǐSe̍k-chíSip-chṳ New TaipeiMunicipalRuifang|RuìfāngSūi-hongLui-fông New TaipeiMunicipalGongliao|GòngliáoKòng-liâuKung-liàu New TaipeiMunicipalPingxi|PíngxīPêng-khePhìn-hâi New TaipeiMunicipalShuangxi|ShuāngxīSiang-kheSûng-hâi New TaipeiMunicipalXindian|XīndiànSin-tiàmSîn-tiam New TaipeiMunicipalShenkeng|ShēnkēngChhim-kheⁿChhṳ̂m-hâng New TaipeiMunicipalShiding|ShídìngChio̍h-tēngSa̍k-tàng New TaipeiMunicipalPinglin|PínglínPêⁿ-nâPhiâng-lìm New TaipeiMunicipalWulai|WūláiU-laiVû-lòiUlayAtayal New TaipeiMountain indigenousTaoyuan|TáoyuánThô-hngThò-yèn TaoyuanMunicipalZhongli|ZhōnglìTiong-lekChûng-la̍k TaoyuanMunicipalDaxi|DàxīTāi-kheThai-hâi TaoyuanMunicipalYangmei|YángméiIûⁿ-mûiYông-muì TaoyuanMunicipalLuzhu|LúzhúLô·-tekLù-tsuk TaoyuanMunicipalDayuan|DàyuánToā-HngThai-yèn TaoyuanMunicipalGuishan|GuīshānKu-soaⁿ Kuî-sân TaoyuanMunicipalBade|BādéPat-tekPat-tet TaoyuanMunicipalLongtan|LóngtánLiông-thâmLiùng-thâm TaoyuanMunicipalPingzhen|PíngzhènPêng-tìn Phìn-tsṳ́n TaoyuanMunicipalXinwu|XīnwūSin-okSîn-vuk TaoyuanMunicipalGuanyin|GuānyīnKoan-imKôn-yîm TaoyuanMunicipalFuxing|FùxīngHok-hengFu̍k-hîn PyasanAtayal TaoyuanMountain indigenousCentral|ZhōngTiongChûng TaichungMunicipalEast|DōngTangTûng TaichungMunicipalSouth|NánLâmNàm TaichungMunicipalWest|XiSeSî TaichungMunicipalNorth|BěiPakPet TaichungMunicipalBeitun|BěitúnPak-tūnPet-tun TaichungMunicipalXitun|XitúnSe-tūnSî-tun TaichungMunicipalNantun|NántúnLâm-tūnNàm-tun TaichungMunicipalTaiping|TàipíngThài-pêngThai-phìn TaichungMunicipalDali|DàlǐTāi-líThai-lî TaichungMunicipalWufeng|WùfēngBū-hongVú-fûng TaichungMunicipalWuri|WūrìO·-ji̍tVû-ngit TaichungMunicipalFengyuan|FēngyuánHong-goânFûng-ngièn TaichungMunicipalHouli|HòulǐAū-líHeu-lî TaichungMunicipalShigang|ShígāngChio̍h-kngSa̍k-kóng TaichungMunicipalDongshi|DōngshìTang-sìTûng-sṳ TaichungMunicipalXinshe|XīnshèSin-siāSîn-sa TaichungMunicipalTanzi|TánzĭThâm-chúThâm-tsṳ́  TaichungMunicipalDaya|DàyǎTāi-ngéThai-ngâ TaichungMunicipalShengang|ShéngāngSin-kóngSṳ̀n-kông TaichungMunicipalDadu|DàdùTōa-tō͘Thai-tú TaichungMunicipalShalu|ShālùSoa-la̍kSâ-lu̍k TaichungMunicipalLongjing|LóngjǐngLiông-chéⁿLiùng-tsiáng TaichungMunicipalWuqi|WúqīGō·-chheǸg-tshi TaichungMunicipalQingshui|QīngshuǐChheng-chúiTshîn-súi TaichungMunicipalDajia|DàjiǎTāi-kahThai-kap TaichungMunicipalWaipu|WàipǔGoā-po͘Ngoi-phû TaichungMunicipalDaan|Dà'ānTāi-anThai-ôn TaichungMunicipalHeping|HépíngHô-pêngFò-phìnPasingAtayalTaichungMountain indigenousWest Central|ZhōngxīTiong-seChûng-sî TainanMunicipalEast|DōngTangTûng TainanMunicipalSouth|NánLâmNàm TainanMunicipalNorth|BěiPakPet TainanMunicipalAnping|ĀnpíngAn-pêngAn-phìn TainanMunicipalAnnan|ĀnnánAn-lâmAn-nàm TainanMunicipalYongkang|YǒngkāngÉng-khongYún-không TainanMunicipalGueiren (Guiren)|GuīrénKui-jînKûi-yìn TainanMunicipalSinhua (Xinhua)|XīnhuàSin-hòaSîn-fa TainanMunicipalZuojhen (Zuozhen)|ZuǒzhènChó-tìnTsó-tsṳ́n TainanMunicipalYujing|YùjǐngGio̍k-chéⁿNgiu̍k-tsiáng TainanMunicipalNansi (Nanxi)|NánxīLâm-seNàm-sî TainanMunicipalNanhua|NánhuàLâm-hòaNàm-fa TainanMunicipalRende|RéndéJîn-tekYìn-tet TainanMunicipalGuanmiao|GuānmiàoKoan-biōKûan-meu TainanMunicipalLongci (Longqi)|LóngqíLiông-kiāLiùng-khì TainanMunicipalGuantian|GuāntiánKoaⁿ-tiānKôn-thièn TainanMunicipalMadou|MádòuMôa-tāuMà-theu TainanMunicipalJiali|JiālǐKa-líKâ-lî TainanMunicipalSigang (Xigang)|XīgǎngSai-kángSî-kóng TainanMunicipalCigu (Qigu)|QīgǔChhit-kó͘Tshit-kú TainanMunicipalJiangjun (Jiangjyun)|JiāngjūnChiong-kunTsiông-kiûn TainanMunicipalSyuejia (Xuejia)|XuéjiǎHa̍k-kahHo̍k-kap TainanMunicipalBeimen|BěiménPak-mn̂gPet-mùn TainanMunicipalXinying (Sinying)|XīnyíngSin-iâⁿSîn-yàng TainanMunicipalHoubi|HòubìĀu-piahHeu-piak TainanMunicipalBaihe|BáihéPe̍h-hôPha̍k-hò TainanMunicipalDongshan|DōngshānTong-sanTûng-sân TainanMunicipalLioujia (Liujia)|LiùjiǎLa̍k-kahLiuk-kap TainanMunicipalXiaying (Siaying)|XiàyíngĒ-iâⁿHa-yàng TainanMunicipalLiouying (Liuying)|LiǔyíngLiú-iâⁿLiú-yàng TainanMunicipalYanshuei (Yanshui)|YánshuǐKiâm-chúiYàm-súi TainanMunicipalShanhua|ShànhuàSiān-hòaSan-fa TainanMunicipalDanei|DànèiTōa-lāiThai-nui TainanMunicipalShanshang|ShānshàngSan-siōngSân-song TainanMunicipalSinshih (Xinshi)|XīnshìSin-chhīSîn-sṳ TainanMunicipalAnding|ĀndìngAn-tēngÔn-thin TainanMunicipalYancheng|YánchéngIâm-tiâⁿYàm-thàng KaohsiungMunicipalGushan|GǔshānKó͘-sanKú-sân KaohsiungMunicipalZuoying|ZuǒyíngChó-iâⁿTsó-yàng KaohsiungMunicipalNanzih (Nanzi)|NánzǐLâm-chúNàm-chṳ̀  KaohsiungMunicipalSanmin|SānmínSam-bînSân-mìn KaohsiungMunicipalSinsing (Xinxing)|XīnxīngSin-hengSîn-hîn KaohsiungMunicipalCianjin (Qianjin)|QiánjīnChiân-kimChhièn-kîm KaohsiungMunicipalLingya|LíngyǎLêng-ngáLìn-ngá KaohsiungMunicipalCianjhen (Qianzhen)|QiánzhènChiân-tìnTshièn-chṳ́n KaohsiungMunicipalCijin (Qijin)|QíjīnKî-tinKhì-chîn KaohsiungMunicipalSiaogang (Xiaogang)|XiǎogǎngSió-kángSeú-kóng KaohsiungMunicipalFongshan (Fengshan)|FèngshānHōng-soaⁿFung-sân KaohsiungMunicipalLinyuan|LínyuánLîm-hn̂gLìm-yèn KaohsiungMunicipalDaliao|DàliáoToā-liâuThai-liàu KaohsiungMunicipalDashu|DàshùToā-chhiūThai-su KaohsiungMunicipalDashe|DàshèToā-siāThai-sa KaohsiungMunicipalRenwu|RénwǔJîn-búYìn-vú KaohsiungMunicipalNiaosong|NiǎosōngChiáu-chhêngTiâu-tshiùng KaohsiungMunicipalGangshan|GāngshānKong-sanKông-sân KaohsiungMunicipalCiaotou (Qiaotou)|QiáotóuKiô-thâuKhiâu-thèu KaohsiungMunicipalYanchao|YàncháoIàn-châuYèn-tshâu KaohsiungMunicipalTianliao|TiánliáoChhân-liâuThièn-liàu KaohsiungMunicipalAlian|ĀliánA-lianÂ-lièn KaohsiungMunicipalLujhu (Luzhu)|LùzhúLō͘-tekLu-tsuk KaohsiungMunicipalHunei|HúnèiÔ͘-lāiFù-nui KaohsiungMunicipalQieding (Cieding)|QiédìngKa-tiāⁿKâ-tin KaohsiungMunicipalYong'an (Yong-an)|Yǒng'ānÉng-anYún-ôn KaohsiungMunicipalMituo|MítuóMî-tôMì-thò KaohsiungMunicipalZiguan (Zihguan)|ZǐguānChú-koaⁿTsṳ́-kôn KaohsiungMunicipalCishan (Qishan)|QíshānKî-sanKhì-sân KaohsiungMunicipalMeinong|MěinóngBi-longMî-nùng KaohsiungMunicipalLiouguei (Liugui)|LiùguīLa̍k-kuLiuk-kuî KaohsiungMunicipalJiasian (Jiaxian)|JiǎxiānKah-sianKap-siên KaohsiungMunicipalShanlin|ShānlínSam-nâTsham-lìm KaohsiungMunicipalNeimen|NèiménLāi-mn̂gNui-mùn KaohsiungMunicipalMaolin|MàolínBō͘-lîmMeu-lìmTeldrekaRukaiKaohsiungMountain indigenousTaoyuan (Tauyuan)|TáoyuánThô-goânThò-ngiènNganiBununKaohsiungMountain indigenousNamasia (Namaxia)|NàmǎxiàNamasiaNamasiaNamasiaBunun, KanakanavuKaohsiungMountain indigenousEast|DōngTangTûng ChiayiMunicipalWest|XīSeSî ChiayiMunicipalEast|DōngTangTûng HsinchuMunicipalNorth|BěiPakPet HsinchuMunicipalXiangshan|XiāngshānHiong-sanHiông-sân HsinchuMunicipalZhongzheng|ZhōngzhèngTiong-chèngTsûng-tsang KeelungMunicipalZhongshan|ZhōngshānTiong-sanTsûng-sân KeelungMunicipalRen'ai|Rén'àiJîn-àiYìn-oi KeelungMunicipalXinyi|XìnyìSìn-gīSin-ngi KeelungMunicipalAnle|ĀnlèAn-lo̍kÔn-lo̍k KeelungMunicipalNuannuan|NuǎnnuǎnLóan-lóanNôn-nôn KeelungMunicipalQidu|QīdǔChhit-tó͘Tshit-tù KeelungMunicipal
Former districts === District changes between 1945 and 1950 ===CityDistrictsAftermath1945 – 19461946 – 1950'''Changhua'''Chang-pei ()Changhua county-administered cityDistricts were defunctChang-hsi ()Chang-nan ()Ta-chu ()'''Chiayi'''Tung-men ()Hsin-tung ()Chiayi county-administered cityDistricts were defunctThen East and West Districts, Chiayi (provincial city)Tung-shan ()Nan-men ()Hsin-nan ()Pa-chiang ()Hsi-men ()Hsin-hsi ()Chu-wei ()Pei-men ()Hsin-pei ()Pei-chen () ''(part ofTainan County)'' Shui-shang ()Shuishang Township, Chiayi CountyTai-pao ()Taibao City, Chiayi County'''Hsinchu'''East ()Hsinchu county-administered cityDistricts were defunctThen East and North Districts, Hsinchu (provincial city)South ()West ()North ()Hsiang-shan ()Hsiang-shan Township in Hsinchu County,  then Xiangshan District, Hsinchu  (provincial city) ''(part ofHsinchu County)'' Chu-tung ()Zhudong Township, Hsinchu CountyPao-shan ()Baoshan Township, Hsinchu County'''Pingtung'''Central ()Pingtung county-administered cityDistricts were defunctEast ()South ()North () ''(part ofKaohsiung County)'' Wan-tan ()Wandan Township, Pingtung CountyChang-chih ()Changzhi and Linluo Townships, Pingtung CountyChiu-ju ()Jiuru Township, Pingtung County=== District reforms in Taipei ===1945 – 19681968 – 1990After 1990Chien-cheng ()  DatongYen-ping ()Ta-tung ()Cheng-chung ()  ZhongzhengKu-ting ()Shuang-yuan ()  WanhuaLung-shan () ''(part of  Taipei County)'' Ching-mei  Wenshan Mu-cha
See also * Administrative divisions of Taiwan* List of administrative divisions of Taiwan* Wards of Japan
Notes
References