List of Japanese Nobel laureates and nominees
Introduction Akira Suzuki and Ei-ichi NegishiSince 1949, there have been 29 Japanese laureates of the '''Nobel Prize'''. The Nobel Prize is a Sweden-based international monetary prize. The award was established by the 1895 will and estate of Swedish chemist and inventor Alfred Nobel. It was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901.An associated prize, thus far, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, also sometimes known as the Nobel Prize in Economics, has yet to be awarded to a Japanese national.The Nobel Prizes in the above specific sciences disciplines and the Prize in Economics, which is commonly identified with them, are widely regarded as the most prestigious award one can receive in those fields. Of Japanese winners, twelve have been physicists, eight chemists, three for literature, five for physiology or medicine, and one for efforts towards peace.In the 21st century, in the field of natural science, the number of Japanese winners of the Nobel Prize has been second behind the U.S.
Summary + Number of Nobel laureates by category Category Japanese citizens Others born as Japanese citizens Total Remarks Physics 9  3  12  Yoichiro Nambu, Shuji Nakamura, and Syukuro Manabe became American citizens. Chemistry 8  -  8  Ei-ichi Negishi was born in Manchuria Physiology or Medicine 5  -  5  Literature 2  1  3  Kazuo Ishiguro became a British citizen in 1983.Peace 1  -  1 Total  25  4  29
Laureates Aside from the 29 Japanese Nobel laureates, a number of Japanese individuals and Japan-based organizations were affiliated with laureate organizations to which they contributed largely and were active members at the time they were awarded:* Japanese Red Cross Society being part of the 1963 Nobel laureate League of Red Cross Societies;* Japan Committee for UNICEF being part of the 1965 Nobel laureate UNICEF;* Japan Campaign to Ban Landmines being of the 1997 Nobel laureate International Campaign to Ban Landmines;* Yukiya Amano being a member of the 2005 Nobel laureate International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA);* Akira Kawasaki and Setsuko Thurlow being members of the 2017 Nobel laureate International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN). Year  Image  Laureate  Born  Died  Field  Citation  '''Citizens'''194975pxHideki Yukawa23 January 1907 Tokyo, Japan8 September 1981 Kyoto, JapanPhysics"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces. "196575pxSin-Itiro Tomonaga31 March 1906 Tokyo, Japan8 July 1979 Tokyo, JapanPhysics"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles." (jointly with American theoretical physicists Julian Schwinger and Richard Feynman)196875pxYasunari Kawabata11 June 1899 Osaka, Japan16 April 1972 Zushi, Kanagawa, JapanLiterature"for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind. "197375pxLeo Esaki12 March 1925 Takaida, Higashiōsaka, Osaka, JapanPhysics"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively." (jointly with Norwegian-American physicist Ivar Giaever and shared with Welsh theoretical physicist Brian David Josephson)197475pxEisaku Satō27 March 1901 Tabuse, Yamaguchi, Japan3 June 1975 Tokyo, JapanPeace"for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty." (shared with Irish politician Seán MacBride)198175pxKenichi Fukui4 October 1918 Ikoma, Nara, Japan9 January 1998 Kyoto, JapanChemistry"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions." (jointly with Polish-American theoretical chemist Roald Hoffmann)198775pxSusumu Tonegawa5 September 1939 Nagoya, Aichi, JapanPhysiology or Medicine"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity. "199475pxKenzaburō Ōe31 January 1935 Ōse, Ehime, Japan3 March 2023 Tokyo, JapanLiterature"who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today. "200075pxHideki Shirakawa20 August 1936 Tokyo, JapanChemistry"for their discovery and development of conductive polymers." (jointly with American chemist Alan MacDiarmid and physicist Alan J. Heeger)200175pxRyōji Noyori3 September 1938 Ashiya, Hyōgo, JapanChemistry"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions." (jointly with American chemist William S. Knowles and shared with American chemist K. Barry Sharpless)200275pxMasatoshi Koshiba 19 September 1926 Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan12 November 2020 Tokyo, JapanPhysics"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos." (jointly with American chemist Raymond Davis Jr. and shared with Italian-American Riccardo Giacconi)75pxKoichi Tanaka3 August 1959 Toyama, JapanChemistry"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules... and for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules." (jointly with American analytical chemist John B. Fenn and Swiss chemist Kurt Wüthrich)200875pxMakoto Kobayashi7 April 1944 Nagoya, Aichi, JapanPhysics"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature." (shared with Japanese-American physicist Yoichiro Nambu)75pxToshihide Maskawa7 February 1940 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan23 July 2021 Kyoto, Japan75pxOsamu Shimomura27 August 1928 Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, Japan19 October 2018 Nagasaki, JapanChemistry"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP." (jointly with American neurobiologist Martin Chalfie and biochemist Roger Y. Tsien)201075pxEi-ichi Negishi14 July 1935 Changchun, Jilin, China6 June 2021 Indianapolis, Indiana, United StatesChemistry"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis." (jointly with American chemist Richard F. Heck)75pxAkira Suzuki12 September 1930 Mukawa, Hokkaido, Japan201275pxShinya Yamanaka4 September 1962 Higashiōsaka, Osaka, JapanPhysiology or Medicine"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent." (jointly with British developmental biologist John B. Gurdon)201475pxIsamu Akasaki30 January 1929 Chiran, Kagoshima, Japan1 April 2021 Nagoya, Aichi, JapanPhysics"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources." (jointly with Japanese-born American Shuji Nakamura)75pxHiroshi Amano11 September 1960 Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan201575pxSatoshi Ōmura 12 July 1935 Nirasaki, Yamanashi, JapanPhysiology or Medicine"for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites." (jointly with Irish-American parasitologist William C. Campbell and shared with Chinese pharmaceutical chemist Tu Youyou)75pxTakaaki Kajita9 March 1959 Higashimatsuyama, Saitama, JapanPhysics"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass." (jointly with Canadian astrophysicist Arthur B. McDonald)201675pxYoshinori Ohsumi9 February 1945 Fukuoka, JapanPhysiology or Medicine"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy." 201875pxTasuku Honjo27 January 1942 Kyoto, JapanPhysiology or Medicine"for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation." (jointly with American immunologist James P. Allison)201975pxAkira Yoshino30 January 1948 Osaka, JapanChemistry"for the development of lithium ion batteries." (jointly with American materials scientist John B. Goodenough and British-American chemist M. Stanley Whittingham) '''Diaspora'''198775pxCharles J. Pedersen3 October 1904 Busan, South Korea26 October 1989 Salem, New Jersey, United StatesChemistry"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity." (jointly with American chemist Donald J. Cram and French chemist Jean-Marie Lehn)200875pxYoichiro Nambu 18 January 1921 Tokyo, Japan5 July 2015 Toyonaka, Osaka, JapanPhysics"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics." (jointly with Japanese physicists Toshihide Maskawa and Makoto Kobayashi)201475pxShuji Nakamura22 May 1954 Ikata, Ehime, JapanPhysics"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources." (jointly with Japanese physicists Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano)201775pxKazuo Ishiguro8 November 1954 Nagasaki, JapanLiterature"who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world. "202175pxSyukuro Manabe21 September 1931 Uma, Ehime, JapanPhysics"for the physical modelling of Earth's climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming." (jointly with German climate modeller Klaus Hasselmann and shared with Italian theoretical physicist Giorgio Parisi)
Nominees  Image  Nominee  Born  Died  Years Nominated  Citation  Nominator(s) '''Physics'''75pxKotaro Honda24 March 1870 Okazaki, Aichi, Japan12 February 1954 Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan1932"for his invention of KS steel which had 250 oersteds magnetic resistance and developed through rigorous basic research on steel and alloys. "Seiji Nakamura (1869–1960)Junzo Okubo (? )Hikoo Saegusa (1890–1948)75px'''Hideki Yukawa'''23 January 1907 Tokyo, Japan8 September 1981 Kyoto, Japan1940"for his research on elementary particles, particularly for the prediction of a new particle called mesons based on a proposed theory on strong and weak nuclear forces. "Hantaro Nagaoka (1865–1950)Dirk Coster (1889–1950)1941Toshizo Matsumoto (? )1943, 194420px Louis de Broglie (1892–1987)1945Maurice de Broglie (1875–1960)1946Jean Thibaud (1901–1960)1946, 1948Gregor Wentzel (1898–1978)1948Marcel Schein (1902–1960)'''1949'''20px Theodor Svedberg et al. (1884–1971)20px Otto Stern (1888–1969) et al. 195020px Harold Urey (1893–1981)Harald Wergeland (1912–1987)75px'''Shin'ichirō Tomonaga'''31 March 1906 Tokyo, Japan8 July 1979 Tokyo, Japan1951"for his fundamental contributions in the development of quantum electrodynamics and for discovering the renormalization method. "Takahiko Yamanouchi (1902–1986)Samuel Devons (1914–2006)195220px Hideki Yukawa (1907–1981)1955Isao Imai (1914–2004)195620px Carl D. Anderson (1905–1991) Robert Bacher (1905–2004)Robert F. Christy (1916–2012)1957Helmut Hönl (1903–1981)Leonard I. Schiff (1915–1971)196020px Norman F. Ramsey Jr. (1915–2011)1962A. K. Dutta (? )1963Sidney Drell (1926–016)1964Hans-Arwed Weidenmüller (born 1933)W. Wessel (? )'''1965'''Alfred K. Mann (1920–2013)75pxKazuhiko Nishijima4 October 1926 Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan15 February 2009 Tokyo, Japan1960"for his contributions to particle physics, particularly on his work on the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula, and the concept of strangeness, which he called the "eta-charge" or "η-charge", after the eta meson. "Marian Günther (1928–? )1961Frederick Seitz (1911–2008)1964G. Höhler (?)1966W. Theis (? )1967Sergio DeBenedetti (?)F. Cap (? )1968Yoichiro Nambu (1921–2015)Jun John Sakurai (1933–1982)1969H. Pierre Noyes (born 1923)Bunji Sakita (1930–2002)Haakon A. Olsen (1923–2010)197020px Hideki Yukawa (1907–1981)75pxTadao Nakano1926 Tokyo, Japan15 August 2004 1961"his collaborative work with Nishijima on the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula and quark model. "Frederick Seitz (1911–2008)197020px Hideki Yukawa (1907–1981)75pxSusumu Okubo20 February 1930 Tokyo, Japan17 July 2015 Rochester, New York, United States1965"for the Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula for mesons and baryons in the quark model whichpredicts the relations of masses of the members of SU(3) multiplets in terms of hypercharge and isotopic spin. "Robert Marshak (1916–1992)75pxYoshio Ōnuki7 November 1928 Tochigi, Japan1965, 1966"for his research on the Sakata model based on the Yamaguchi-Ogawa-Ohnuki symmetry determining that hidden particles are equivalent to each other. "Gordon Sutherland (1907–1980)75pxSigenori Miyamoto20 October 1931 Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan31 December 2017 Japan1966Y. Nogami (? )75pxShuji Fukui19 August 1923 Osaka, Japan4 May 2018 Japan1966"for developing a "discharge chamber" (later called "spark chamber") that observes the tracks of high-energy charged particles. "75px'''Leo Esaki'''12 March 1925 Takaida, Higashiōsaka, Osaka, Japan1968"for his work in electron tunneling in semiconductor materials which finally led to his invention of the Esaki diode, which exploited that phenomenon. "20px John Bardeen (1908–1991)75pxHiroomi Umezawa20 September 1924 Kuki, Saitama, Japan24 March 1995 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada1968"for his fundamental contributions to quantum field theory and for his work on quantum phenomena in relation to the mind. "Eduardo R. Caianiello (1921–1993)75pxJun Kondō6 February 1930 Tokyo, Japan11 March 2022 Suginami, Tokyo, Japan1969"for his research on the Kondo effect, a scattering of conduction electrons in a metal due to magnetic impurities, resulting in a characteristic change. "Osmund Dorenfeldt Jenssen (1923–2009)75pxRyogo Kubo 15 February 1920 Tokyo, Japan31 March 1995 Tokyo, Japan1970"for his works in statistical physics, particularly on non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and the theory of fluctuation phenomena. "Yoshio Yamaguchi (1926–2016)75pxShoichi Sakata18 January 1911 Tokyo, Japan16 December 1970 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan1970"for his research on subatomic particles and the two meson theory: the Sakata model and the Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata neutrino mixing matrix. "20px Hideki Yukawa (1907–1981) '''Physiology or Medicine'''75pxKitasato Shibasaburō29 January 1853 Oguni, Kumamoto, Japan13 June 1931 Tokyo, Japan1901"for his discovery the plague bacillus, independently of Alexandre Yersin."A. de Bokay (? )75pxOscar Loew*2 April 1844 Marktredwitz, Bavaria, Germany26 January 1941 Berlin, Germany1912"for his discovery of the antibacterial effect of formaldehyde. "Rudolph Emmerich (1856–1914)75pxSahachiro Hata 23 March 1873 Masuda, Shimane, Japan22 November 1938 Tokyo, Japan1912"for his work on chemotherapy. "Hayazō Itō (1864–1929)1913"for the development of a drug against spirillosis. "Gakutaro Osawa (1863–1920)75pxUmetaro Suzuki7 April 1874 Makinohara, Shizuoka, Japan20 September 1943 Tokyo, Japan1914"for his work on essential substances in rice and their importance in beri-beri. "Wolfgang Heubner (1877–1957)75pxRyukichi Inada18 March 1874 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan27 February 1950 Tokyo, Japan1919"for their discovery of the spirochaete of hemorrhagic icterus. "Louis Martin (1864–1946)75pxIdo191975pxYamagiwa Katsusaburō23 February 1863 Ueda, Nagano, Japan2 March 1930 Tokyo, Japan1925"for his work on epithelial tumors. "Harno Hayashi (? )Matarō Nagayo (1878–1941)C. Yokote (? )Shūzō Kure (1865–1932)1926"for his research on experimentally induced tumors. "Ludwig Aschoff (1866–1942)1928"for being the first to show that malignant tumors, carcinoma and sarcoma, could be produced by application of tar to the tissues of certain mammals. "Alexander A. Maximow (1874–1928)1936"for his work on the production of tumors with chemical substances."R. Kimura (? )75pxGenichi Kato11 February 1890 Niimi, Okayama, Japan1 May 1979 Niimi, Okayama, Japan1928"for his investigations in the field of nerve-muscle physiology and establishing a new theory of decrementless conduction of nerve impulses. "Sahachiro Hata (1873–1938)13 Japanese physicians1935"for his work on the isolation of single nerve fibers and muscle fibers and demonstration of the existence of reflex excitatory fibers and reflex inhibitory fibers. "23 Japanese physicians20px Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936)1937"for his work on the microphysiology of nerve muscle. "Mariano Rafael Castex (1886–1968)75pxKen Kuré27 October 1883 Tokyo, Japan27 June 1940 Tokyo, Japan1931, 1937"for his work on the tonic and trophic innervation of voluntary muscles and spinal parasympathicus, and progressive muscular dystrophy."M. Itagaki (? )1933Seizaburo Nasu (?)O. Kimura (? )1935Tomosaburō Ogata (1883–1973)19 Japanese physicians20px Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936)1936"for his work on the autonomous innervation of skeletal muscle, progressive muscular dystrophy and spinal parasympaticus."H. Okabayashi (?)1937N. Onodera (? )1939"for his work on the autonomous innervation of skeleton muscle and progressive muscular dystrophy. "Naomi Kageura (? )75pxTakaoki Sasaki5 May 1878 Tokyo, Japan31 October 1966 Tokyo, Japan1935"for his work on the production of tumors with chemical substances. "Kenzo Tamura (? )Kunihiko Hashida (1882–1945)1936R. Kimura (?)C. Ogawa (? )1939"for his work on experimentally induced liver tumors using chemical means (o-amidoazotoluol)."S. Tsunoo (?)K. Hirai (?)T. Naito (?) '''Literature'''75pxToyohiko Kagawa10 July 1888 Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan23 April 1960 Tokyo, Japan1947''A Shooter at the Sun'' (1925)''Love - The Law of Life'' (1930)''Meditations on the Cross'' (1935)''Songs from the Slums'' (1935)''Brotherhood Economics'' (1936)Knut B. Westman (1881–1967)1948Sven Hedin (1865–1952)75pxJun'ichirō Tanizaki24 July 1886 Tokyo, Japan30 July 1965 Yugawara, Kanagawa, Japan1958''Naomi'' (1925)''Some Prefer Nettles'' (1929)''Quicksand'' (1928–1930)''Arrowroot'' (1931)''In Praise of Shadows'' (1933)''The Makioka Sisters'' (1943–48)''The Key'' (1956)''Childhood Years: A Memoir'' (1957)''Diary of a Mad Old Man'' (1961)20px Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973)1960Sigfrid Siwertz (1882–1970)1961The Japanese Authors' Union1962Howard Hibbett (1920–2019)1963Donald Keene (1922–2019)1964, 1965Harry Martinson (1904–1978)75pxJunzaburō Nishiwaki20 January 1894 Ojiya, Niigata, Japan5 June 1982 Ojiya, Niigata, Japan1958, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967''Spectrum'' (1925)''Ambarvalia'' (1933)''No Traveler Returns'' (1947)''Modern Fables'' (1953)Naoshirō Tsuji (1899–1979)1961The Japanese Authors' Union1963Japan Academy196875px'''Yasunari Kawabata'''11 June 1899 Osaka, Japan16 April 1972 Zushi, Kanagawa, Japan1961, 1963''Snow Country'' (1948)''Thousand Cranes'' (1952)''The Master of Go'' (1954)''The Sound of the Mountain'' (1954)''The House of the Sleeping Beauties'' (1961)''The Old Capital'' (1962)''Dandelions'' (1972)Henry Olsson (1896–1985)1962The Japanese P.E.N. Club1964, 1965Harry Martinson (1904–1978)1966Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982)1967Howard Hibbett (1920–2019)'''1968'''Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976)75pxYukio Mishima14 January 1925 Tokyo, Japan25 November 1970 Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan1963''Confessions of a Mask'' (1949)''The Sound of Waves'' (1954)''The Temple of the Golden Pavilion'' (1956)''The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea'' (1963)''Sun and Steel'' (1968)''The Sea of Fertility'' (1969–1971)Johannes Rahder (1898–1988)1964, 1965, 1967Harry Martinson (1904–1978)1968Henry Olsson (1896–1985)75pxYasushi Inoue6 May 1907 Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan29 January 1991 Tokyo, Japan1969''The Bullfight'' (1949)''Hyōheki'' (1956)''The Roof Tile of Tempyō'' (1957)''Tun-huang'' (1959)Erich Ruprecht (1906–1997)75pxSei Itō(''posthumously nominated'')16 January 1905 Matsumae, Hokkaido, Japan15 November 1969 Tokyo, Japan1970''Snow-lit Road'' (1926)''Streets of Fiendish Ghosts'' (1937)''Senkichi Narumi'' (1948)''History of Japanese Literary Circles'' (1955–1969)Kōjirō Serizawa (1897–1993)75pxTatsuzō Ishikawa2 July 1905 Yokote, Akita, Japan31 January 1985 Tokyo, Japan1970''Sōbō'' (1935)''Soldiers Alive'' (1945)''Kinkanshoku'' (1966) '''Peace'''75pxNagao Ariga13 November 1860 Osaka, Japan17 May 1921 Tokyo, Japan1909''No motivation given.''V. H. Hilty (? )75pxShibusawa Eiichi16 March 1840 Fukaya, Saitama, Japan11 November 1931 Tokyo, Japan1926"for his involvement in almost every enterprise associated with Japanese industrial development and worked to improve the relations between the United States and Japan concerning the legal status of Japanese workers in California. "Tasuku Harada (1863–1940)Katō Takaaki (1860–1926)192775pxToyohiko Kagawa10 July 1888 Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan23 April 1960 Tokyo, Japan1954"for his work for reconciliation among nations. "Tetsu Katayama (1887–1978)20px Emily Greene Balch (1867–1961)19555 members of the Norwegian Storting19567 members of the Norwegian Storting1960''No motivation given. ''Jōtarō Kawakami (1889–1965)Motojirō Sugiyama (1885–1964)Tokutarō Kitamura (1886–1968)75pxNobusuke Kishi13 November 1896 Tabuse, Yamaguchi, Japan7 August 1987 Tokyo, Japan1960"for his work for disarmament and banning of nuclear weapons. "Spessard Holland (1892–1971)75pxDaisetsu Teitaro Suzuki18 October 1870 Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan12 July 1966 Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan1963"for his high cultural achievements. "Hideo Kishimoti (1903–1964)75pxShigeru Yoshida 22 September 1878 Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan20 October 1967 Tokyo, Japan1965"for his efforts to prevent the Pacific War although it was in vain, and his devotion to the restoration of peace. "Eisaku Satō (1901–1975)3 Finnish nominators1966"for his efforts to prevent the Pacific War, and for his efforts to bring restoration of peace. "Kisaburo Yokota (1896–1993)1967''No motivation given. ''Shigeru Kuriyama (1886–1971)3 members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration75px'''Hideki Yukawa'''23 January 1907 Tokyo, Japan8 September 1981 Kyoto, Japan1966''No motivation given''Hideo Kaneko (1934–2013)Selhataro Salsadia (? )75pxYoshio Koya1890 Japan1974 Japan1968"for his many outstanding services to humanity and for his pioneering efforts as a world-renowned gynecologist that the birth rate and rate of induced abortions in Japan have declined. "Martin Allwood (1916–1999)75pxKaoru Hatoyama21 November 1888 Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan15 August 1982 Tokyo, Japan1969"for her contribution to the reopening of diplomatic relations between Japan and the U.S.S.R., and Japan's entry into the United Nations, and for her contribution to the Yuai ("Fraternity") Movement and for her achievements as an educator. "members of the Japanese Government and Parliament===Notes===;Physics:Shoichi Sakata reported the "Sakata model" - a model of hadrons in 1956, that inspired Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig's quark model. Moreover, Kazuhiko Nishijima and Tadao Nakano originally given the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula in 1953.However, 1969 physics prize was only awarded to Murray Gell-Mann. Afterward, Ivar Waller, the member of Nobel Committee for Physics was sorry that Sakata had not received a physics prize. :Yoji Totsuka was leading the experiment that the first definitive evidence for neutrino oscillations was measured, via a high-statistics, high-precision measurement of the atmospheric neutrino flux. His Super-K group also confirmed, along with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), the solution to the solar neutrino problem. The Nobel Prize winning physicist Masatoshi Koshiba was told that if Totsuka could extend his lifespan by eighteen months, he would receive the physics prize. ;Chemistry:Eiji Osawa prediction of the C60 molecule at Hokkaido University in 1970.He noticed that the structure of a corannulene molecule was a subset of an Association football shape, and he hypothesised that a full ball shape could also exist. Japanese scientific journals reported his idea, but it did not reach Europe or the Americas. Because of this, he was not awarded the 1996 chemistry prize. :Seiji Shinkai invented the first molecular machine in 1979, but he was not awarded the 2016 chemistry prize. On the contrary, Ben Feringa, one of the 2016 Nobel laureates, made a special trip to Japan in the 1980s to ask Shinkai for advice in the research. ;Physiology or Medicine:Kitasato Shibasaburō and Emil von Behring working together in Berlin in 1890 announced the discovery of diphtheria antitoxin serum; Von Behring was awarded the 1901 prize because of this work, but Kitasato was not. Meanwhile, Hideyo Noguchi and Sahachiro Hata, those who missed out on the early Nobel Prize for many times. :Katsusaburō Yamagiwa and his student Kōichi Ichikawa successfully induced squamous cell carcinoma by painting crude coal tar on the inner surface of rabbits' ears. Yamagiwa's work has become the primary basis for research of cause of cancer. However, Johannes Fibiger was awarded the 1926 medicine prize because of his incorrect Spiroptera carcinoma theory, while the Yamagiwa group was snubbed by Nobel Committee. In 1966, the former committee member Folke Henschen claimed "I was strongly advocate Dr. Yamagiwa deserve the Nobel Prize, but unfortunate it did not realize". In 2010, the Encyclopædia Britannica 's guide to Nobel Prizes in cancer research mentions Yamagiwa's work as a milestone without mentioning Fibiger. :Umetaro Suzuki completed the first vitamin complex was isolated in 1910.When the article was translated into German, the translation failed to state that it was a newly discovered nutrient, a claim made in the original Japanese article, and hence his discovery failed to gain publicity. Because of this, he was not awarded the 1929 medicine prize. :Satoshi Mizutani and Howard Martin Temin jointly discovered that the Rous sarcoma virus particle contained the enzyme reverse transcriptase, and Mizutani was solely responsible for the original conception and design of the novel experiment that confirmed Temin's ''provirus hypothesis''. However, Mizutani was not awarded the 1975 medicine prize along with Temin. :As of 2015, there have been seven Japanese who have received the Lasker Award and twelve Japanese who have received the Canada Gairdner International Award, but only three Japanese who have received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. ;Others:A number of important Japanese native scientists were not nominated for early Nobel Prizes, such as Yasuhiko Kojima and Yasuichi Nagano (jointly discovered Interferon), Jōkichi Takamine (first isolated epinephrine), Kiyoshi Shiga (discovered ''Shigella dysenteriae''), Tomisaku Kawasaki (Kawasaki disease is named after him), and Hakaru Hashimoto. After World War II, Reiji Okazaki and his wife Tsuneko were known for describing the role of Okazaki fragments, but he died of leukemia (sequelae of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima) in 1975 at the age of 44.:Masahiko Aoki, seen as the most likely candidate to become the first Japanese to win the Nobel Prize for economics, for developing the Institutional Comparative Analysis, he taught at Kyoto University and Stanford University. He died in Palo Alto, California, in July, 2015.He was 77.
See also * List of Japanese people* List of Nobel laureates* List of Asian Nobel laureates* List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Tokyo* List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Kyoto University* List of Nobel laureates by country
Notes
References
External links *  All Nobel Laureates from the Nobel Foundation*  Japanese Nobel Laureates — Kyoto University*  日本人のノーベル賞受賞者一覧 — 京都大学*  Nominees from JAPAN - Nomination Database