List of state leaders in 2010
Introduction
Africa *''''''**President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)**Prime Minister – Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (2008–2012)*''''''**President – José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)**Prime Minister – Paulo Kassoma, Prime Minister of Angola (2008–2010)*''''''**President – Thomas Boni Yayi, President of Benin (2006–2016)*''''''**President – Ian Khama, President of Botswana (2008–2018)*''''''**President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)**Prime Minister – Tertius Zongo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2007–2011)*''''''**President – Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi (2005–2020)*''''''**President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)**Prime Minister – Philémon Yang, Prime Minister of Cameroon (2009–2019)*''''''**President – Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)**Prime Minister – José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016)*''''''**President – François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013)**Prime Minister – Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2008–2013)*''''''**President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–2021)**Prime Minister –**#Youssouf Saleh Abbas, Prime Minister of Chad (2008–2010)**#Emmanuel Nadingar, Prime Minister of Chad (2010–2013)*''''''**President – Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President of the Comoros (2006–2011)*''''''**President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)*''''''**President – Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019)**Prime Minister – Adolphe Muzito, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2008–2012)*''''''**President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)**Prime Minister – Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)*''''''**President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)**Prime Minister – Ahmed Nazif, Prime Minister of Egypt (2004–2011)*''''''**President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)**Prime Minister – Ignacio Milam Tang, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2008–2012)*''''''**President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)*''''''**President – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013)**Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)*''''''**President – Ali Bongo Ondimba, President of Gabon (2009–2023)**Prime Minister – Paul Biyoghé Mba, Prime Minister of Gabon (2009–2012)*''''''**President – Yahya Jammeh, President of the Gambia (1994–2017)*''''''**President – John Atta Mills, President of Ghana (2009–2012)*''''''**President –**#Sékouba Konaté, Acting President of Guinea (2009–2010)**#Alpha Condé, President of Guinea (2010–2021)**Prime Minister –**#Kabiné Komara, Prime Minister of Guinea (2008–2010)**#Jean-Marie Doré, Prime Minister of Guinea (2010)**#Mohamed Said Fofana, Prime Minister of Guinea (2010–2015)*''''''**President – Malam Bacai Sanhá, President of Guinea-Bissau (2009–2012)**Prime Minister – Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2009–2012)*''''''**President –**#Laurent Gbagbo, President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011; claimant, 2010–2011)**#Alassane Ouattara, President of the Ivory Coast (2010–present)**Prime Minister –***Guillaume Soro, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012)***Gilbert Aké, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (claimant, 2010–2011)*''''''**President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013)**Prime Minister – Raila Odinga, Prime Minister of Kenya (2008–2013)*''''''**Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)**Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)*''''''**President – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia (2006–2018)*''''''**''De facto'' Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)**''De jure'' Head of State –**#Imbarek Shamekh, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (2009–2010)**#Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (2010–2011)**Prime Minister – Baghdadi Mahmudi, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006–2011)*''''''**''the Third Republic was superseded on 11 December''**Head of State – Andry Rajoelina, President of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar (2009–2014)**Prime Minister – Albert Camille Vital, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2009–2011)* ''''''**President – Bingu wa Mutharika, President of Malawi (2004–2012)*''''''**President – Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali (2002–2012)**Prime Minister – Modibo Sidibé, Prime Minister of Mali (2007–2011)*''''''**President – Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, President of Mauritania (2009–2019)**Prime Minister – Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2008–2014)*''''''**President – Sir Anerood Jugnauth, President of Mauritius (2003–2012)**Prime Minister – Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2005–2014)*  (overseas collectivity of France)**Prefect – Hubert Derache, Prefect of Mayotte (2009–2011)**Head of Government – Ahmed Attoumani Douchina, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2008–2011)*''''''**Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)**Prime Minister – Abbas El Fassi, Prime Minister of Morocco (2007–2011)** (self-declared, partially recognised state)***President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)***Prime Minister – Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (2003–2018)*''''''**President – Armando Guebuza, President of Mozambique (2005–2015)**Prime Minister –**#Luísa Diogo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2004–2010)**#Aires Ali, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2010–2012)*''''''**President – Hifikepunye Pohamba, President of Namibia (2005–2015)**Prime Minister – Nahas Angula, Prime Minister of Namibia (2005–2012)*''''''**Head of State –**#Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)**#Salou Djibo, President of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy of Niger (2010–2011)**Prime Minister –**#Ali Badjo Gamatié, Prime Minister of Niger (2009–2010)**#Mahamadou Danda, Prime Minister of Niger (2010–2011)*''''''**President –**#Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, President of Nigeria (2007–2010)**#Goodluck Jonathan, President of Nigeria (2010–2015)*''''''**President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)**Prime Minister – Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)* (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)**Governor – Andrew Gurr, Governor of Saint Helena (2007–2011)*''''''**President – Fradique de Menezes, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003–2011)**Prime Minister –**#Joaquim Rafael Branco, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2008–2010)**#Patrice Trovoada, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (2010–2012)*''''''**President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)**Prime Minister – Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye, Prime Minister of Senegal (2009–2012)*''''''**President – James Michel, President of Seychelles (2004–2016)*''''''**President – Ernest Bai Koroma, President of Sierra Leone (2007–2018)*''''''**President – Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, President of Somalia (2009–2012)**Prime Minister –**#Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, Prime Minister of Somalia (2009–2010)**#Abdiwahid Elmi Gonjeh, Acting Prime Minister of Somalia (2010)**#Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, Prime Minister of Somalia (2010–2011)** (unrecognised, secessionist state)***President –***#Dahir Riyale Kahin, President of Somaliland (2002–2010)***#Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud, President of Somaliland (2010–2017)** (self-declared autonomous state)***President – Abdirahman Farole, President of Puntland (2009–2014)*''''''**President – Jacob Zuma, President of South Africa (2009–2018)*''''''**President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)*''''''**Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)**Prime Minister – Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2008–2018)*''''''**President – Jakaya Kikwete, President of Tanzania (2005–2015)**Prime Minister – Mizengo Pinda, Prime Minister of Tanzania (2008–2015)*''''''**President – Faure Gnassingbé, President of Togo (2005–present)**Prime Minister – Gilbert Houngbo, Prime Minister of Togo (2008–2012)*''''''**President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)**Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)*''''''**President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)**Prime Minister – Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)*''''''**President – Rupiah Banda, President of Zambia (2008–2011)*''''''**President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)**Prime Minister – Morgan Tsvangirai, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (2009–2013)
Asia *''''''**President – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2002–2014)*''''''**Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)**Prime Minister – Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020)*''''''**President – Zillur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (2009–2013)**Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2009–present)*''''''**Monarch – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (2006–present)**Prime Minister – Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2008–2013)*''''''**Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)**Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)*''''''**Monarch – Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present)**Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–2023)*''''''**Communist Party Leader – Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (2002–2012)**President – Hu Jintao, President of China (2003–2013)**Premier – Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013)*''''''**President – José Ramos-Horta, President of East Timor (2007–2012)**Prime Minister – Xanana Gusmão, Prime Minister of East Timor (2007–2015)*''''''**President – Pratibha Patil, President of India (2007–2012)**Prime Minister – Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2004–2014)*''''''**President – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President of Indonesia (2004–2014)*''''''**Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)**President – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran (2005–2013)*''''''**Head of State –**#Presidency Council of Iraq**#*Members – Jalal Talabani (2006–2010; President of Iraq, 2006–2010), and Adil Abdul-Mahdi and Tariq al-Hashimi (2006–2010)**#Jalal Talabani, President of Iraq (2010–2014)**Prime Minister – Nouri al-Maliki, Prime Minister of Iraq (2006–2014)*''''''**President – Shimon Peres, President of Israel (2007–2014)**Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (2009–2021)** (non-state administrative authority)***President – Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank) (2005–present)***Prime Minister – Salam Fayyad, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the West Bank) (2007–2013)***  Gaza Strip (rebelling against the Palestinian National Authority, in the West Bank)****President – Aziz Duwaik, Acting President of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip) (2009–2014)****Prime Minister – Ismail Haniyeh, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (in the Gaza Strip) (2007–2014)*''''''**Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)**Prime Minister –**#Yukio Hatoyama, Prime Minister of Japan (2009–2010)**#Naoto Kan, Prime Minister of Japan (2010–2011)*''''''**Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)**Prime Minister – Samir Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (2009–2011)*''''''**President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019)**Prime Minister – Karim Massimov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2007–2012)*''''''**Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)**''De facto'' Head of State – Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea (1993–2011)**''De jure'' Head of State – Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–2019)**Premier –**#Kim Yong-il, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2007–2010)**#Choe Yong-rim, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2010–2013)*''''''**President – Lee Myung-bak, President of South Korea (2008–2013)**Prime Minister –**#Chung Un-chan, Prime Minister of South Korea (2009–2010)**#Yoon Jeung-hyun, Acting Prime Minister of South Korea (2010)**#Kim Hwang-sik, Prime Minister of South Korea (2010–2013)*''''''**Monarch – Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (2006–2020)**Prime Minister – Sheikh Nasser Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2006–2011)*''''''**President –**#Kurmanbek Bakiyev, President of Kyrgyzstan (2005–2010)**#Roza Otunbayeva, President of Kyrgyzstan (2010–2011)**Prime Minister –**#Daniar Usenov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2009–2010)**#Roza Otunbayeva, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2010)**#Almazbek Atambayev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2010–2011)*''''''**Communist Party Leader – Choummaly Sayasone, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (2006–2016)**President – Choummaly Sayasone, President of Laos (2006–2016)**Prime Minister –**#Bouasone Bouphavanh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2006–2010)**#Thongsing Thammavong, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2010–2016)*''''''**President – Michel Suleiman, President of Lebanon (2008–2014)**Prime Minister – Saad Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2009–2011)*''''''**Monarch – Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2006–2011)**Prime Minister – Najib Razak, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2009–2018)*''''''**President – Mohamed Nasheed, President of the Maldives (2008–2012)*''''''**President – Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, President of Mongolia (2009–2017)**Prime Minister – Sükhbaataryn Batbold, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2009–2012)* ''''''**Head of State – Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)**Prime Minister – Thein Sein, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2007–2011)*''''''**President – Ram Baran Yadav, President of Nepal (2008–2015)**Prime Minister – Madhav Kumar Nepal, Prime Minister of Nepal (2009–2011)*''''''**Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–2020)**Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–2020)*''''''**President – Asif Ali Zardari, President of Pakistan (2008–2013)**Prime Minister – Yousaf Raza Gillani, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2008–2012)*''''''**President –**#Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010)**#Benigno Aquino, President of the Philippines (2010–2016)*''''''**Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)**Prime Minister – Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (2007–2013)*''''''**Monarch – Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia (2005–2015)**Prime Minister – Abdullah, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (2005–2015)*''''''**President – S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)**Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore (2004–present)*''''''**President – Mahinda Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka (2005–2015)**Prime Minister –**#Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2005–2010)**#D. M. Jayaratne, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2010–2015)*''''''**President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)**Prime Minister – Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Prime Minister of Syria (2003–2011)*''''''**President – Ma Ying-jeou, President of Taiwan (2008–2016)**Premier – Wu Den-yih, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2009–2012)*''''''**President – Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)**Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)*''''''**Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)**Prime Minister – Abhisit Vejjajiva, Prime Minister of Thailand (2008–2011)*''''''**President – Abdullah Gül, President of Turkey (2007–2014)**Prime Minister – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014)*''''''**President – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, President of Turkmenistan (2006–2022)*''''''**President – Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (2004–2022)**Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (2006–present)*''''''**President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016)**Prime Minister – Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2003–2016)*''''''**Communist Party Leader – Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2001–2011)**President – Nguyễn Minh Triết, President of Vietnam (2006–2011)**Prime Minister – Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, Prime Minister of Vietnam (2006–2016)*''''''**President – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012)**Prime Minister – Ali Muhammad Mujawar, Prime Minister of Yemen (2007–2011)
Europe *''''''**President – Bamir Topi, President of Albania (2007–2012)**Prime Minister – Sali Berisha, Prime Minister of Albania (2005–2013)*''''''**Monarchs –***French Co-Prince – Nicolas Sarkozy, French Co-prince of Andorra (2007–2012)****Co-Prince's Representative – Christian Frémont (2008–2012)***Episcopal Co-Prince – Archbishop Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)****Co-Prince's Representative – Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)**Prime Minister – Jaume Bartumeu, Head of Government of Andorra (2009–2011)*''''''**President – Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia (2008–2018)**Prime Minister – Tigran Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2008–2014)*''''''**President – Heinz Fischer, Federal President of Austria (2004–2016)**Chancellor – Werner Faymann, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2008–2016)*''''''**President – Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)**Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003–2018)** (unrecognised, secessionist state)***President – Bako Sahakyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–2020)***Prime Minister – Arayik Harutyunyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–2017)*''''''**President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)**Prime Minister –**#Sergei Sidorsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2003–2010)**#Mikhail Myasnikovich, Prime Minister of Belarus (2010–2014)*''''''**Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)**Prime Minister – Yves Leterme, Prime Minister of Belgium (2009–2011)*''''''**Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina***Serb Member – Nebojša Radmanović (2006–2014; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2010–2011)***Bosniak Member –***#Haris Silajdžić (2006–2010; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2010)***#Bakir Izetbegović (2010–2018)***Croat Member – Željko Komšić (2006–2014; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2009–2010)**Prime Minister – Nikola Špirić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2007–2012)**High Representative – Valentin Inzko, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2009–2021)*''''''**President – Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012)**Prime Minister – Boyko Borisov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2009–2013)*''''''**President –**#Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–2010)**#Ivo Josipović, President of Croatia (2010–2015)**Prime Minister – Jadranka Kosor, Prime Minister of Croatia (2009–2011)*''''''**President – Demetris Christofias, President of Cyprus (2008–2013)** (unrecognised, secessionist state)***President –***#Mehmet Ali Talat, President of Northern Cyprus (2005–2010)***#Derviş Eroğlu, President of Northern Cyprus (2010–2015)***Prime Minister –***#Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2009–2010)***#Hüseyin Özgürgün, Acting Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2010)***#İrsen Küçük, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2010–2013)*''''''**President – Václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic (2003–2013)**Prime Minister –**#Jan Fischer, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2009–2010)**#Petr Nečas, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2010–2013)*''''''**Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–2024)**Prime Minister – Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2009–2011)*''''''**President – Toomas Hendrik Ilves, President of Estonia (2006–2016)**Prime Minister – Andrus Ansip, Prime Minister of Estonia (2005–2014)*''''''**President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)**Prime Minister –**#Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010)**#Mari Kiviniemi, Prime Minister of Finland (2010–2011)*''''''**President – Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France (2007–2012)**Prime Minister – François Fillon, Prime Minister of France (2007–2012)*''''''**President – Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia (2008–2013)**Prime Minister – Nika Gilauri, Prime Minister of Georgia (2009–2012)** (partially recognised, secessionist state)***President – Sergei Bagapsh, President of Abkhazia (2005–2011)***Prime Minister –***#Aleksander Ankvab, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2005–2010)***#Sergei Shamba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2010–2011)** (partially recognised, secessionist state)***President – Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011)***Prime Minister – Vadim Brovtsev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2009–2012)*''''''**President –**#Horst Köhler, Federal President of Germany (2004–2010)**#Jens Böhrnsen, Acting Federal President of Germany (2010)**#Christian Wulff, Federal President of Germany (2010–2012)**Chancellor – Angela Merkel, Federal Chancellor of Germany (2005–2021)*''''''**President – Karolos Papoulias, President of Greece (2005–2015)**Prime Minister – George Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (2009–2011)*''''''**President –**#László Sólyom, President of Hungary (2005–2010)**#Pál Schmitt, President of Hungary (2010–2012)**Prime Minister –**#Gordon Bajnai, Prime Minister of Hungary (2009–2010)**#Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (2010–present)*''''''**President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016)**Prime Minister – Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Prime Minister of Iceland (2009–2013)*''''''**President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)**Prime Minister – Brian Cowen, Taoiseach of Ireland (2008–2011)*''''''**President – Giorgio Napolitano, President of Italy (2006–2015)**Prime Minister – Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2008–2011)*''''''**President – Valdis Zatlers, President of Latvia (2007–2011)**Prime Minister – Valdis Dombrovskis, Prime Minister of Latvia (2009–2014)*''''''**Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)**Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present)**Prime Minister – Klaus Tschütscher, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2009–2013)*''''''**President – Dalia Grybauskaitė, President of Lithuania (2009–2019)**Prime Minister – Andrius Kubilius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2008–2012)*''''''**Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)**Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)*''''''**President – Gjorge Ivanov, President of Macedonia (2009–2019)**Prime Minister – Nikola Gruevski, President of the Government of Macedonia (2006–2016)*''''''**President – George Abela, President of Malta (2009–2014)**Prime Minister – Lawrence Gonzi, Prime Minister of Malta (2004–2013)*''''''**President –**#Mihai Ghimpu, Acting President of Moldova (2009–2010)**#Vlad Filat, Acting President of Moldova (2010)**#Marian Lupu, Acting President of Moldova (2010–2012)**Prime Minister – Vlad Filat, Prime Minister of Moldova (2009–2013)** (unrecognised, secessionist state)***President – Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011)*''''''**Monarch – Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (2005–present)**Prime Minister –**#Jean-Paul Proust, Minister of State of Monaco (2005–2010)**#Michel Roger, Minister of State of Monaco (2010–2015)*''''''**President – Filip Vujanović, President of Montenegro (2003–2018)**Prime Minister –**#Milo Đukanović, President of the Government of Montenegro (2008–2010)**#Igor Lukšić, President of the Government of Montenegro (2010–2012)*''''''**Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)** (constituent country)***Prime Minister –***#Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)***#Mark Rutte, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2010–present)** (constituent country)***''see ''** (constituent country)***''see ''** (constituent country)***''see ''** (constituent country)***''see ''*''''''**Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)**Prime Minister – Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2005–2013)*''''''**President –**#Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland (2005–2010)**#Bronisław Komorowski, Acting President of Poland (2010)**#Bogdan Borusewicz, Acting President of Poland (2010)**#Grzegorz Schetyna, Acting President of Poland (2010)**#Bronisław Komorowski, President of Poland (2010–2015)**Prime Minister – Donald Tusk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2007–2014)*''''''**President – Aníbal Cavaco Silva, President of Portugal (2006–2016)**Prime Minister – José Sócrates, Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011)*''''''**President – Traian Băsescu, President of Romania (2004–2014)**Prime Minister – Emil Boc, Prime Minister of Romania (2008–2012)*''''''**President – Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russia (2008–2012)**Prime Minister – Vladimir Putin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2008–2012)*''''''**Captains-Regent –**#Francesco Mussoni and Stefano Palmieri, Captains Regent of San Marino (2009–2010)**#Marco Conti and Glauco Sansovini, Captains Regent of San Marino (2010)**#Giovanni Francesco Ugolini and Andrea Zafferani, Captains Regent of San Marino (2010–2011)* ''''''**President – Boris Tadić, President of Serbia (2004–2012)**Prime Minister – Mirko Cvetković, President of the Government of Serbia (2008–2012)** (partially recognised, secessionist state; under nominal international administration)***President –***#Fatmir Sejdiu, President of Kosovo (2006–2010)***#Jakup Krasniqi, Acting President of Kosovo (2010–2011)***Prime Minister – Hashim Thaçi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2008–2014)***UN Special Representative – Lamberto Zannier, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2008–2011)*''''''**President – Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia (2004–2014)**Prime Minister –**#Robert Fico, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2006–2010)**#Iveta Radičová, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2010–2012)*''''''**President – Danilo Türk, President of Slovenia (2007–2012)**Prime Minister – Borut Pahor, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2008–2012)*''''''**Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)**Prime Minister – José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, President of the Government of Spain (2004–2011)*''''''**Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)**Prime Minister – Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime Minister of Sweden (2006–2014)*''''''**Council – Federal Council of Switzerland***Members – Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2003–2011), Hans-Rudolf Merz (2004–2010), Doris Leuthard (2006–2018; President of Switzerland, 2010), Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008–2015), Ueli Maurer (2009–2022), Didier Burkhalter (2009–2017), Johann Schneider-Ammann (2010–2018), and Simonetta Sommaruga (2010–2022)*''''''**President –**#Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine (2005–2010)**#Viktor Yanukovych, President of Ukraine (2010–2014)**Prime Minister –**#Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2007–2010)**#Oleksandr Turchynov, Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010)**#Mykola Azarov, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010–2014)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–2022)**Prime Minister –**#Gordon Brown, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2007–2010)**#David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2010–2016)** (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)***Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Paul Haddacks, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2005–2011)***Chief Minister – Tony Brown, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2006–2011)** (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)***Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Fabian Malbon, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2005–2011)***Chief Minister – Lyndon Trott, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2008–2012)** (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)***Lieutenant-Governor – Andrew Ridgway, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2006–2011)***Chief Minister – Terry Le Sueur, Chief Minister of Jersey (2008–2011)** (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)***Governor – Sir Adrian Johns, Governor of Gibraltar (2009–2013)***Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)*''''''**Monarch – Pope Benedict XVI, Sovereign of Vatican City (2005–2013)**Head of Government – Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (2006–2011)**Holy See (''sui generis'' subject of public international law)***Secretary of State – Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Cardinal Secretary of State (2006–2013)
North America * (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)**Governor – Alistair Harrison, Governor of Anguilla (2009–2013)**Chief Minister –**#Osbourne Fleming, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2000–2010)**#Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2010–2015)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–2022)**Governor-General – Dame Louise Lake-Tack, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (2007–2014)**Prime Minister – Baldwin Spencer, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (2004–2014)* (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)**Governor – Fredis Refunjol, Governor of Aruba (2004–2016)**Prime Minister – Mike Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (2009–2017)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–2022)**Governor-General –**#Arthur Dion Hanna, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2006–2010)**#Sir Arthur Foulkes, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2010–2014)**Prime Minister – Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2007–2012)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–2021)**Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)**Prime Minister –**#David Thompson, Prime Minister of Barbados (2008–2010)**#Freundel Stuart, Prime Minister of Barbados (2010–2018)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–2022)**Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–2021)**Prime Minister – Dean Barrow, Prime Minister of Belize (2008–2020)* (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)**Governor – Sir Richard Gozney, Governor of Bermuda (2007–2012)**Premier –**#Ewart Brown, Premier of Bermuda (2006–2010)**#Paula Cox, Premier of Bermuda (2010–2012)* (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)**Governor –**#David Pearey, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2006–2010)**#Vivian Inez Archibald, Acting Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2010)**#William Boyd McCleary, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2010–2014)**Premier – Ralph T. O'Neal, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (2007–2011)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–2022)**Governor-General –**#Michaëlle Jean, Governor General of Canada (2005–2010)**#David Johnston, Governor General of Canada (2010–2017)**Prime Minister – Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada (2006–2015)* (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)**Governor –**#Donovan Ebanks, Acting Governor of the Cayman Islands (2009–2010)**#Duncan Taylor, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2010–2013)**Premier – McKeeva Bush, Premier of the Cayman Islands (2009–2012)*''''''**President –**#Óscar Arias, President of Costa Rica (2006–2010)**#Laura Chinchilla, President of Costa Rica (2010–2014)*''''''**Communist Party Leader –*** Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)*** Raúl Castro, Acting First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (2006–2011)**President – Raúl Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (2008–2018)**Prime Minister – Raúl Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (2008–2018)* (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)**''separately became a constituent country, with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, on 10 October''**Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of Curaçao (2010–2012)**Prime Minister – Gerrit Schotte, Prime Minister of Curaçao (2010–2012)*''''''**President – Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012)**Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica (2004–present)*''''''**President – Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (2004–2012)*''''''**President – Mauricio Funes, President of El Salvador (2009–2014)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–2022)**Governor-General – Sir Carlyle Glean, Governor-General of Grenada (2008–2013)**Prime Minister – Tillman Thomas, Prime Minister of Grenada (2008–2013)*''''''**President – Álvaro Colom, President of Guatemala (2008–2012)*''''''**President – René Préval, President of Haiti (2006–2011)**Prime Minister – Jean-Max Bellerive, Prime Minister of Haiti (2009–2011)*''''''**President –**#Roberto Micheletti, President of Honduras (2009–2010)**#Porfirio Lobo Sosa, President of Honduras (2010–2014)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–2022)**Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen, Governor-General of Jamaica (2009–present)**Prime Minister – Bruce Golding, Prime Minister of Jamaica (2007–2011)*''''''**President – Felipe Calderón, President of Mexico (2006–2012)* (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)**Governor – Peter Waterworth, Governor of Montserrat (2007–2011)**Chief Minister – Reuben Meade, Chief Minister of Montserrat (2009–2014)* (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)**''dissolved into both Curaçao and Sint Maarten on 10 October''**Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2010)**Prime Minister – Emily de Jongh-Elhage, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2006–2010)*''''''**President – Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (2007–present)*''''''**President – Ricardo Martinelli, President of Panama (2009–2014)*  (overseas collectivity of France)**Prefect – Jacques Simonnet, Prefect of Saint Barthélemy (2009–2011)**Head of Government – Bruno Magras, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Barthélemy (2007–2022)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–2022)**Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)**Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–2022)**Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017)**Prime Minister – Stephenson King, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (2007–2011)* (overseas collectivity of France)**Prefect – Jacques Simonnet, Prefect of Saint Martin (2009–2011)**Head of Government – Frantz Gumbs, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Martin (2009–2012)*  (overseas collectivity of France)**Prefect – Jean-Régis Borius, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2009–2011)**Head of Government – Stéphane Artano, President of the Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2006–2017)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–2022)**Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–2019)**Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present)* (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)**''separately became a constituent country, with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, on 10 October''**Governor – Eugene Holiday, Governor of Sint Maarten (2010–2022)**Prime Minister – Sarah Wescot-Williams, Prime Minister of Sint Maarten (2010–2014)*''''''**President – George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013)**Prime Minister –**#Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010)**#Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2010–2015)* (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)**Governor – Gordon Wetherell, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2008–2011)*''''''**President – Barack Obama, President of the United States (2009–2017)** (Commonwealth of the United States)***Governor – Luis Fortuño, Governor of Puerto Rico (2009–2013)** (insular area of the United States)***Governor – John de Jongh, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (2007–2015)
Oceania * (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States)**Governor – Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–2022)**Governor-General – Quentin Bryce, Governor-General of Australia (2008–2014)**Prime Minister –**#Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister of Australia (2007–2010)**#Julia Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia (2010–2013)** (external territory of Australia)***Administrator – Brian Lacy, Administrator of Christmas Island (2009–2012)***Shire-President – Gordon Thomson, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011)** (external territory of Australia)***Administrator – Brian Lacy, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2009–2012)***Shire-President – Balmut Pirus, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2009–2011)** (self-governing territory of Australia)***Administrator – Owen Walsh, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2007–2012)***Chief Minister –***#Andre Nobbs, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2007–2010)***#David Buffett, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2010–2013)*''''''**President – Ratu Epeli Nailatikau, President of Fiji (2009–2015)**Prime Minister – Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister of Fiji (2007–2022)*  (overseas collectivity of France)**High Commissioner – Adolphe Colrat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2008–2011)**President – Gaston Tong Sang, President of French Polynesia (2009–2011)* (insular area of the United States)**Governor – Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011)*''''''**President – Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016)*''''''**President – Jurelang Zedkaia, President of the Marshall Islands (2009–2012)*''''''**President – Manny Mori, President of Micronesia (2007–2015)*''''''**President – Marcus Stephen, President of Nauru (2007–2011)*  (''sui generis'' collectivity of France)**High Commissioner –**#Yves Dassonville, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2007–2010)**#Thierry Suquet, Acting High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2010)**#Albert Dupuy, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2010–2013)**Head of Government – Philippe Gomès, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2009–2011)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–2022)**Governor-General – Sir Anand Satyanand, Governor-General of New Zealand (2006–2011)**Prime Minister – John Key, Prime Minister of New Zealand (2008–2016)** (associated state of New Zealand)***Queen's Representative – Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2001–2013)***Prime Minister –***#Jim Marurai, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2004–2010)***#Henry Puna, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2010–2020)** (associated state of New Zealand)***Premier – Toke Talagi, Premier of Niue (2008–2020)** (dependent territory of New Zealand)***Administrator – John Allen, Acting Administrator of Tokelau (2009–2011)***Head of Government –***#Foua Toloa, Head of Government of Tokelau (2009–2010)***#Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2010–2011)* (Commonwealth of the United States)**Governor – Benigno Fitial, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2006–2013)*''''''**President – Johnson Toribiong, President of Palau (2009–2013)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–2022)**Governor-General –**#Sir Paulias Matane, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2004–2010)**#Jeffrey Nape, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2010)**#Michael Ogio, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2010–2011)**Prime Minister –**#Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010)**#Sam Abal, Acting Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2010–2011)* (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)**Governor –**#George Fergusson, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2006–2010)**#Mike Cherrett, Acting Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2010)**#Victoria Treadell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2010–2014)**Mayor – Mike Warren, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (2008–2013)*''''''**Head of State – Tufuga Efi, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (2007–2017)**Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–2021)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–2022)**Governor-General – Sir Frank Kabui, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (2009–2019)**Prime Minister –**#Derek Sikua, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2007–2010)**#Danny Philip, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2010–2011)*''''''**Monarch – George Tupou V, King of Tonga (2006–2012)**Prime Minister –**#Feleti Sevele, Prime Minister of Tonga (2006–2010)**#Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō, Prime Minister of Tonga (2010–2014)*''''''**Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–2022)**Governor-General –**#Sir Filoimea Telito, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2005–2010)**#Iakoba Italeli, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2010–2019)**Prime Minister –**#Apisai Ielemia, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2006–2010)**#Maatia Toafa, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2010)**#Willy Telavi, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2010–2013)*''''''**President – Iolu Abil, President of Vanuatu (2009–2014)**Prime Minister –**#Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2008–2010)**#Sato Kilman, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2010–2011)*  (overseas collectivity of France)**Administrator –**#Philippe Paolantoni, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2008–2010)**#Michel Jeanjean, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2010–2013)**Head of Government –**#Victor Brial, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2007–2010)**#Siliako Lauhea, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2010–2011)
South America *''''''**President – Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, President of Argentina (2007–2015)*''''''**President – Evo Morales, President of Bolivia (2006–2019)*''''''**President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil (2003–2010)*''''''**President –**#Michelle Bachelet, President of Chile (2006–2010)**#Sebastián Piñera, President of Chile (2010–2014)*''''''**President –**#Álvaro Uribe, President of Colombia (2002–2010)**#Juan Manuel Santos, President of Colombia (2010–2018)*''''''**President – Rafael Correa, President of Ecuador (2007–2017)* (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)**Governor –**#Alan Huckle, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2006–2010)**#Ric Nye, Acting Governor of the Falkland Islands (2010)**#Nigel Haywood, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2010–2014)*''''''**President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011)**Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015)*''''''**President – Fernando Lugo, President of Paraguay (2008–2012)*''''''**President – Alan García, President of Peru (2006–2011)**Prime Minister –**#Javier Velásquez, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2009–2010)**#José Antonio Chang, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2010–2011)*''''''**President –**#Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010)**#Dési Bouterse, President of Suriname (2010–2020)*''''''**President –**#Tabaré Vázquez, President of Uruguay (2005–2010)**#José Mujica, President of Uruguay (2010–2015)*''''''**President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (2002–2013)
Notes
External links * Rulersa list of rulers throughout time and places* WorldStatesmenan online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories