Phyllidiopsis
Introduction '''''Phyllidiopsis''''' is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs and is the largest genus within the family Phyllidiidae.
Description The species in this genus differ from the other genera in this family by possessing an elongate foregut and fused oral tentacles. ''Phyllidiopsis krempfi'' - underside of head showing fused oral tentacles
Distribution These nudibranchs can be found in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, the eastern Pacific region, in the Red Sea,  in the Caribbean Sea and a few in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. About half of the described species can be found in deep waters. Among these deep-water sea slugs, there is a group of white species, lacking all contrasting colors.
Species There are presently about 30 species in the genus ''Phyllidiopsis'' including :* ''Phyllidiopsis annae''   Brunckhorst, 1993* ''Phyllidiopsis anomala''  Valdés, 2001 * ''Phyllidiopsis bayi''  (Bouchet, 1983) * ''Phyllidiopsis berghi''  Vayssière, 1902 * ''Phyllidiopsis blanca''  Gosliner & Behrens, 1988 * ''Phyllidiopsis boucheti''  Valdes & Ortea, 1996 * ''Phyllidiopsis brunckhorsti''  Valdés, 2001 * ''Phyllidiopsis burni''   Brunckhorst, 1993* ''Phyllidiopsis cardinalis''   Bergh, 1876 : type species of the genus ''Phyllidiopsis''* ''Phyllidiopsis circularis''  Valdés, 2001 * ''Phyllidiopsis crucifera''  Valdés, 2001 * ''Phyllidiopsis dautzenbergi''   (Vayssière, 1912)* ''Phyllidiopsis fissurata''   Brunckhorst, 1993* ''Phyllidiopsis futunai'' Valdés, 2001* ''Phyllidiopsis gemmata''   Pruvot-Fol, 1957* ''Phyllidiopsis holothuriana''  Valdés, 2001 * ''Phyllidiopsis krempfi''   Pruvot-Fol, 1957* ''Phyllidiopsis loricata''   (Bergh, 1873)* ''Phyllidiopsis lozoueti''  Valdés, 2001 * ''Phyllidiopsis macrotuberculata''  Valdés, 2001 * ''Phyllidiopsis monacha''   (Yonow, 1986)* ''Phyllidiopsis neocaledonica''  Valdés, 2001 * ''Phyllidiopsis phiphiensis''   Brunckhorst, 1993* ''Phyllidiopsis pipeki''   Brunckhorst, 1993* ''Phyllidiopsis quadrilineata'' (Bergh, 1905)* ''Phyllidiopsis richeri'' Valdés, 2001* ''Phyllidiopsis shireenae''   Brunckhorst, 1990 * ''Phyllidiopsis sinaiensis''   (Yonow, 1988)* ''Phyllidiopsis sphingis''   Brunckhorst, 1993* ''Phyllidiopsis vanuatuensis'' Valdés, 2001* ''Phyllidiopsis xishaensis'' (Lin, 1983) ;Species brought into synonymy:* ''Phyllidiopsis carinata''  Eliot, 1910 : synonym of ''Phyllidia ocellata'' Cuvier, 1804* ''Phyllidiopsis fissuratus'' Brunckhorst, 1993: synonym of ''Phyllidiopsis fissurata'' Brunckhorst, 1993 (incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet)* ''Phyllidiopsis gynenopla'' Bouchet, 1977: synonym of ''Phyllidiopsis berghi'' Vayssière, 1902 * ''Phyllidiopsis molaensis'' Meyer, 1977 accepted as ''Phyllidiella molaensis'' (Meyer, 1977) (original combination)* ''Phyllidiopsis papilligera'' Bergh, 1890: synonym of ''Ceratophyllidia papilligera'' (Bergh, 1890)* ''Phyllidiopsis striata''  Bergh, 1888: synonym of ''Phyllidiella striata'' (Bergh, 1890)A maximum-parsimony analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S mtDNA gene, performed in 2003, has shown that the genus ''Phyllidiopsis'' is paraphyletic.Image:B150510.jpg|''Phyllidiopsis annae''Image:Phyllidiopsis cardinalis (Nudibranch).jpg|''Phyllidiopsis cardinalis''Image:Phyllidiopsis fissuratus.jpg|''Phyllidiopsis fissuratus''Image:Phyllidiopsis gemmata.JPG|''Phyllidiopsis gemmata''Image:Phyllidiopsis krempfi Bali.jpg|''Phyllidiopsis krempfi''Image:Phyllidiopsis loricata.jpg|''Phyllidiopsis loricata''Image:B140718.jpg|''Phyllidiopsis phiphiensis''Image:Phyllidiopsis pipeki (2).jpg|''Phyllidiopsis pipeki''Image:Phyllidiopsis shireenae.jpg|''Phyllidiopsis shireenae''Image:B12 4775.jpg|''Phyllidiopsis xishaensis''Image:Phyllidiopsis sp1.jpg|''Phyllidiopsis sp.'' 1File:2016, wakatobi, spiral corner, conversations (31350525771).jpg|Phyllidiopsis unknown species at Wakatobi National Park, 2016
References
Bibliography *Bergh, L. S. R.  (1889). Malacologische Untersuchungen. In: Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen von Dr. Carl Gottfried Semper. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Band 2, Theil 3, Heft 16, 2 Hälfte, pp. 815–872, pls. 82–84. ; p. 859*Bergh, L. S. R.  (1890). Report on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877–1878), and in the Caribbean Sea (1879–1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. Report on the nudibranchs. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 19(3):155-181, pls. 1–3. ; p. 175*Bergh, L. S. R.  (1892). Die Nudibranchiata holohepatica porostomata. Verhandlungen der königlich-kaiserlich Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien Abhandlungen) 42:1-16.; p. 16*Bergh, L. S. R.  1897.Opisthobranchiaten. Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise in den Molukken und Borneo, im Aufträge der Senckenbergischen naturforshenden Gesellschaft ausgeführt von Dr. Willy Kukenthal. Abhandlungen Herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 24(1):95-130, pls. 12–13. ; p. 112*Eliot, C. N. E. (1906). Nudibranchiata, with some remarks on the families and genera and description of a new genus, ''Doridomorpha'', pp. 540–573, pl. 32.In: J. Stanley Gardiner (Ed.) The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, being the account of the work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900, vol. 2.; p. 563*Marcus, Ev., & Er. Marcus. (1962). Opisthobranchs from Florida and the Virgin Islands. Bulletin of Marine Science Gulf & Caribbean 12(3):450-488.; p. 478*Pruvot-Fol, A. (1954). Mollusques Opisthobranches. Faune de France, Paris 58:1-460, pl. 1; p. 329*Vayssière, A. J. B. M.  (1913). Mollusques de la France et des régions voisines, tome premier, amphineures, gasteropodes opisthobranches, heteropodes, marseniades et oncidiides. Encyclopedie Scientifique, publiee sous la direction du Dr. Toulouse, Bibliothèque de Zoologie Doin, Paris, pp. 1–420, I-XII, pls. 1-37.Nudibranchia pp. 243–365 ; p. 364*Yonow N. (2012)  Opisthobranchs from the western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of two new species and ten new records (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 197: 1–129.22 May 2012&#93.