List of transport megaprojects
Introduction This is a list of megaprojects within the transport sector. Care should be taken in comparing the cost of projects from different times, even a few years apart due to inflation; comparing nominal costs without taking this into account can be highly misleading. Note that inflation-calculated values are current .According to the ''Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management'' in 2017, "Megaprojects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost $1 billion or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are transformational, and impact millions of people".
Completed projects ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationEst. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completionEst. cost (in billions USD), adjusted for inflationStart of constructionYear of completionImageNotesTokaido ShinkansenHigh-speed railTaiheiyō Belt19591964Map of Tokaidō ShinkansenOriginal segment of the first shinkansen lineÇanakkale 1915 BridgeBridge (road)Çanakkale420172022220x220pxSpans two continents.Sha Tin to Central LinkRapid transit, From Tai Wai, New Territories to Admiralty, Hong Kong Island11.6 2012 2022280x280pxLa Línea TunnelTunnel (road)Cordillera Central 20092020Cross-section of the tunnel Thameslink Programme Commuter rail upgradeSoutheast England  2009 2020Blackfriars Underground station work site(GBP7bn)Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnelTunnel (road)Seattle3.320132019200pxSantiago Metro Line 3, Phase One and 2023 extension.Rapid transitSantiago2.1720122023200pxCombined cost of initial line and extension.Santiago Metro Line 6Rapid transitSantiago1.2620142017Map of Line 6Crimean Bridge Bridge (rail/road) (one end is recognized internationally as being owned by Ukraine, but is de facto controlled by Russia) 3.7 2015 2019200pxHong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau BridgeBridge–tunnel,  Zhuhai, and   2009 2018200px¥127 billionNew Tappan Zee Bridge Bridge (road)South Nyack to Tarrytown, New York 3.9820132018200px Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway Railway Jerusalem, Israel - 2001 2004 (first section)2007 (second section)2018 (final section) 200x200pxNIS7-9 billionAbuja Light Rail (phase 1 nearing completion)Light RailAbuja 2.7 2007 2018 200pxNoord/ZuidlijnRapid transit lineAmsterdam 2002 2018200px(€3.1bn) Klang Valley MRT Line 1Rapid transitKuala Lumpur 11.7 2012 2017 200px(MYR36B)Ionia OdosHighwayWestern Greece 1.8 2007 2017200px(€1.4bn) Otoyol 5 HighwayIstanbul to İzmir 720132019 200px Including Osman Gazi Bridge.German Unification Transport Projects (Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit)Transport project to achieve the German Unity42 1991 2016 – continues expansion until 2020200pxAVE - Spain's high-speed railway network High-speed rail4419922016 - continues expansion200px 40 billion eurosYavuz Sultan Selim BridgeBridge (rail/road)Istanbul220132016200pxEvergreen Point Floating BridgeBridge (road)Seattle and Medina, Washington4.5620122016200pxEurasia TunnelTunnel (undersea, road)Istanbul1.320112016200px Gotthard Base TunnelTunnel (rail)Swiss Alps 19992016200px (CHF 9.56 billion)World Trade Center Transportation HubTransit center and retailNew York City3.9 2006 2016200pxBlanka tunnel complex Tunnel (road)Prague  2006 2015200px43bn KčAdler–Krasnaya Polyana road and railwayHighway and railway 9.4 2014200pxBudapest Metro Line 4Rapid transit lineBudapest  20042014200px(HUF 452.5 bn)Marina Coastal ExpresswayHighway  2008 2013(S$4.3 bn)Marmaray TunnelTunnel (undersea, rail)Istanbul4.520042008(Phase I)2013(Phase II)200pxDeepest immersed tube tunnel in the world.Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge Bridge (road)San Francisco Bay Area 6.5 2002 2013200pxRussky BridgeBridge (road)Vladivostok (Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula) and Russky Island1.120082012200pxFreeway Durango-Mazatlán and Baluarte BridgeHighway and road bridgeDurango – Sinaloa1.46 2008 2012200pxJiaozhou Bay BridgeBridge (road)Shandong 1.5 2007 2011200pxBeijing–Shanghai high-speed railwayHigh-speed railEastern China (Beijing to Shanghai, via Tianjin and Nanjing) 33.12008 2011200px(RMB 220.9bn)Clem Jones Tunnel Tunnel (road)Brisbane  2006 2010200px(AUD3.2bn) CBD and South East Light Rail  Light railSydney 2015 2019(AUD 3.1bn)Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railwayHigh-speed rail  2005 2009200px (RMB 116.6bn)Egnatia OdosHighwayNorthern Greece 8.4 1994 2009200px(€5.9bn)Incheon BridgeBridge (road)Incheon 2.12 2005 2009200px(; source listed that as being equivalent to US$2.12 billion)Sound Transit '1 line'(initial segment)Light railSeattle metropolitan area 2.9 2003 2009200pxBologna–Florence high-speed railwayHigh-speed rail  1996 2009200x200px(€5.89 billion)Milan–Bologna high-speed railwayHigh-speed rail  1993 2008200px(€6.92 billion)Beijing–Tianjin intercity railwayHigh-speed railBeijing and Tianjin 2.34 2005 2008200pxHigh Speed 1High-speed railSouth East England  1998 2007Map overview of the rail's route (£6.84 billion)Lötschberg Base Tunnel(initial bore)Tunnel (rail)Swiss Alps 19992007200px(CHF 4.3 billion)Copenhagen Metro phase 1-3Rapid transitCopenhagen1.4719962007200px11,400,000,000 DKK"Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project Tunnel (road)Boston 221991 2007200px14.6 billion USD; additional $7 billion in interestColorado T-REX Project (TRansportation EXpansion) Highway & Light rail upgradeDenver1.720012006200pxShanghai Maglev TrainHigh-speed rail, MaglevShanghai 1.4 2001 2004200pxRed Line and Purple LineRapid transitLos Angeles4.519862000200px represents expenditure prior to the D Line ExtensionToei Ōedo LineRapid transitTokyo  1988 2000200px (¥988.6 billion in 1999 yen values)Jubilee Line ExtensionRapid transit lineLondon6.8319931999200px3.5 billion GBP6.83 billion USD is for 2010 pricesHonshu-Shikoku Bridge Project Bridges 17 bridges connecting the islands of Honshū and Shikoku 48 1978 1999200px4 trillion YenØresund Bridge Bridge–tunnel (rail/road),  -  5.7 1995 1999200px(DKK30.1bn)Great Belt Fixed LinkBridge–tunnel (rail/road) 1988 1998200px(DKK21.4bn)Vasco da Gama Bridge Bridge (road)Lisbon 1.3 1995 1998200px(€897m / 180bn PTE)Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge Bridge (road)Kobe 5 1988 1998200pxChannel Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail)Strait of Dover, English Channel between the  and  15.4 1988 1994200px(GBP9.5bn)Interstate Highway SystemHighway Network 1141956 1992200px425 billion in 2006 dollars 548 billion in 2021 dollars Baikal–Amur Mainline  Railway (modern-day )Sovetskaya Gavan to Tayshet (modern-day Russia)1519741984 200px Bay Area Rapid TransitRapid transitSan Francisco Bay Area1.586 1964 1976 - continues expansion200px$ adjusted for inflationSt. Lawrence SeawayCanal system, St Lawrence River and North American Great Lakes between the  and 0.47019541959200pxCaracas-La Guaira highway HighwayGreater Caracas0.0619501953200pxTrans-Siberian RailwayRailway (modern-day )Moscow to Russian Far East (Vladivostok) (modern-day Russia)0.77018911916200pxPanama CanalCanal0.37518811914200pxFirst transcontinental railroadRailwayOmaha, Nebraska, to Sacramento, California0.118631869200px$ adjusted for inflationSuez CanalCanal (modern-day )Sinai Peninsula, Khedivate of Egypt (modern-day Egypt)0.08218591869 200pxSuez Canal expansionCanal expansionSinai Peninsula820142015200x200pxSilver LineRapid transitNorthern Virginia620092014 (Phase 1)2022 (Phase 2)centerWhile the Silver Line runs through Maryland and through Washington, D.C., the actual new sections of railway were all located in Northern Virginia.Mid-Coast Extension of the Blue Line (San Diego Trolley)Light railSan Diego2.1720162021200x200pxGreen Line ExtensionLight railGreater Boston 2.28 2012 2022The new Lechmere station under construction in May 2020Highway Vespucio OrienteTunnel (road)Santiago1.120172022238x238pxEast Side Access project (including Grand Central Madison station)Transit center, commuter railNew York City11.120072023280x280pxThe East Side Access project, including Grand Central Madison station, allows Long Island Rail Road service to Grand Central Terminal.Taichung MetroRapid transitTaichung2.0820092021200x200pxAlmaty MetroRapid transitAlmaty11988 (was temporarily suspended as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union)2011200x200pxDubai MetroRapid transitDubai2009200x200pxCanada LineRapid transitGreater Vancouver20052009Canada Line (sky blue) as part of the Metro Vancouver transit system in 2016$2.05 billion CAD – set as the value for 2009, though estimate was originally made in 2006 Second Avenue Subway, Phase 1 Rapid transitNew York City 4.4  2007 2017259x259pxInflation is based on 2016, as the line opened on January 1 of 2017; construction was thus technically completed before then.Silicon Valley BART extension, Phase IRapid transitSan Francisco Bay Area2.320122020200x200pxAlgiers Metro (original section of Line 1)Rapid transitAlgiers1.21982 (was suspended for a time)2011200x200pxChangsha Metro, Line 2Rapid transitChangsha20092014200x200pxDoha MetroRapid transitDoha3620132019200x200pxMombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge RailwayRailwayMombasaNairobiNaivasha5.320132019200x200pxOriginal phase: $3.8bn and extension: 1.5bnEdinburgh TramsLight railEdinburgh20082014200x200px(£1.043bn)Padma BridgeBridge (rail/road)Padma River3.620142022200x200pxWoodrow Wilson BridgeBridge (Bascule)Washington metropolitan area2.35720002013200x200pxVerrazzano-Narrows Bridge (original/upper deck)Bridge (road)New York City0.32019591964200x200pxAirTrain JFKPeople moverNew York City1.919982003200x200pxWhile it does serve passengers within JFK, it was primarily built for transport between the airport and the city.Taiwan High Speed RailHigh-speed rail14.6320002007200x200px480.6 billion converted to USD in 2007 dollars is $14.63 billion.Goethals Bridge (replacement)Bridge (road)New York City and New Jersey1.25 20142017 (New eastbound span)2018 (New westbound span)200x200pxDanyang-Kunshan Grand BridgeBridge (rail)Shanghai and Nanjing8.5 20062011 (construction ended in 2010; opened in 2011)200x200pxBolshaya Koltsevaya lineRapid transitMoscow 20112023240x240pxSeikan TunnelTunnel (undersea, rail)Tsugaru Strait19711988200x200pxRennes Metro Line BRapid transitRennes1.40520142022Line B in green€1.342 billion converted to USD based on average rate for 2022Paris Métro Line 14 (original segment)Rapid transitParis1.268219932007200x200pxInflation clock starting in 2004Crossrail 1Commuter rail, Rapid transitGreater London23.0  2007 2023200x200px A new 73m (117 km) railway line in England, serving London, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire & Essex.Core section opened May 24, 2022, full integration of routes and completion expected by May 2023.Regional ConnectorLight rail tunnelDowntown Los Angeles1.820142023200pxIRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue LineRapid transitNew York City0.061900Complete line: 1908200x200pxLekki PortSeaportLekki1.520152023200x200px
Partially completed and open ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationEst. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completionEst. cost (in billions USD), adjusted for inflationStart of constructionYear of completionImageNotesConfederation LineRapid transitOttawa2013'''Completed'''2019 (stage 1)'''Expected'''2026 (stage 2)200x200px$2.1 billion + $4.66 billion Milan Metro Line 4Rapid transitMilan2014'''Completed'''2022 (Phase One)2023 (Phase Two)'''Expected'''2024 (Phase Three)Map showing the M4 line, with a solid line depicting the already-open route and a dotted line showing the part of the route not yet openedRoughly €1.9 billion .Lusail TramLight railLusail 2016'''Completed'''2022 (First part of orange line)'''Expected'''Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations200x200pxHyderabad MetroRapid transitHyderabad2.4 2012'''Completed'''2018 (First stretch)2020 (Second stretch)'''Expected'''Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations200x200pxTrans-Sumatra Toll RoadHighwaySumatra33.2'''Completed'''Several segments at varying times (2019-2022)'''Expected'''2023, 2024 (Remaining segments)200x200pxK LineLight railLos Angeles2.12014'''Completed'''2022 (first section)'''Expected'''2024 (rest of line)200x200pxWestConnexTunnel (road)Sydney2015'''Completed'''Several segments at varying times (2016-2023)'''Expected'''2023 (Remaining segments)200x200px($16.8 billion AUD) Skyline RailwayOʻahu 12.4 2011'''Completed'''2023 (Phase 1)'''Expected'''2025 (Phase 2)2031 (Phase 3)200x200pxSydney MetroRapid transitSydney2013'''Completed'''2019 (Phase 1)'''Expected'''2030 (remaining phases)Map of Sydney North Western Line and the City and South Western Line overlayed on top of the existing rail networkAUD $20.5 billion (Stage 1 and 2)El InsurgenteCommuter railState of Mexico; Mexico City2015'''Completed'''2023 (Zinacantepec to Lerma)'''Expected'''2024 (Lerma to Observatorio)200x200pxKınalı-Balıkesir MotorwayHighwayTekirdağ to Balıkesir22017'''Completed'''2023 (Malkara-Lapseki)'''Expected'''2024 (remaining phases)200x200pxLagos Rail Mass TransitRapid transit, Commuter railLagos3.62009'''Completed'''2023 (Blue Line)'''Expected'''2024 (Red Line)200x200pxA-1 motorwayHighway3.72015'''Completed'''2023 (first 43 km section)'''Expected'''2024 200x200px(2.77 billion €)
Under construction ProjectDescriptionCountryLocationApproximate cost (in billions USD)Start of constructionPlanned year of completionImageNotesSilver LineCommuter railDallas1.920202025280x280pxAlso known as the "Cotton Belt Line"Purple LineLight railMaryland suburbs of Washington, D.C.3.42017 (halted in 2020); resumed in 20222027Map showing the Purple Line's intersection points with the Washington MetroRed & Purple ModernizationRapid transitChicago 2.1 2019 2025280x280px Thessaloniki Metro Rapid transitThessaloniki 1.83 2006 2024280x280pxFehmarn Belt Fixed LinkTunnel (undersea, rail/road), Fehmarn to Lolland 2019 2028280x280px Lagos-Kano Standard Gauge Railway Railway From Lagos to Kano 8.3 2011 TBA 280x280px Badagry Deep Sea Port  SeaportBadagry 2.3 2024TBA Fourth Mainland Bridge Bridge (road)Across the lagoon to connect Ikorodu and Lekki 4.2 2024 TBA 280x280px California High-Speed Rail High-speed railCalifornia 80.3 2015 2033 (Phase I)  China Pakistan Economic Corridor Economic corridor,  Gwadar to  Kashgar 65 2015 2030 200px Barcelona Metro line 9 Rapid transit lineBarcelona 26.3 2009 2027 200px (€19bn)Santiago Metro Line 7Rapid transit lineSantiago2.520222027280x280px Cross River Rail Commuter rail tunnelBrisbane  2017 2026250x250px AUD $6.3 billion Metro Tunnel  Commuter rail tunnel  Melbourne  2018 2025Map of the Metro Tunnel in blue and existing railway lines in grey AUD $12.58 billionSuburban Rail Loop Rapid transitMelbourne 2022 2035-2053The map of the Suburban Rail Loop East (Lime, Cyan, Orange and Green) placed on top of the Victorian Train Map post Metro Tunnel (Grey and Purple) AUD $31–58 billion  NHDP/ Bharatmala Highway upgrade 207.6 (total)(NHDP: ,  in 2023)(Bharatmala: ) 2000 2018: (NHDP)2026: Bharatmala Phase IPhase II was set to start in 2024, but now is uncertaincenter(INR 4.5 trillion).This project was partially completed by 2018 and was then subsumed under the Bharatmala project.Agua Negra TunnelTunnel (road),  San Juan, Argentina, &  Coquimbo Region1.520182027frameless Fastracks Light rail, Commuter railDenver 6.5 2006 2044280x280pxCity Rail LinkCommuter railAuckland3.4 2015 2025280x280px(NZD$5.5bn) Line 5 Eglinton Light railToronto  2010 2024 280x280px Grand Paris Express Rapid transitÎle-de-France (Paris region)  2016 2030 200px 4 new lines, 200 km, 72 new stations Scarborough Subway Extension Rapid transitToronto 3 2022 2029-2030 220x220px 3.982 billion, 3 stops, 7.8 km  Ohio River Bridges Project Bridges and interchange reconfigurationLouisville metropolitan area 2.3 2014 2024 280x280px  Tehran-Shomal Freeway, 121 km HighwayTehran Province and Mazandaran Province 1.71996 2024? (sections 1,2, & 4 are already complete) 200x200px(HUF 452bn) Stuttgart 21 Railway & Urban DevelopmentStuttgart  2010 2025 250x250px €9.15 billionBirmingham Northern Beltline (I-422)HighwayBirmingham, Alabama5.4 2014 2047thumbBrenner Base TunnelTunnel (rail),  Innsbruck to  Franzensfeste11 2008 2032thumbKoralm TunnelTunnel (rail)Styria / Carinthia 2009 2026280x280px(€5.4 bn)Semmering Base TunnelTunnel (rail)Lower Austria / Styria 2012 2024thumb(€3.9 bn)Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridorHigh-Speed RailFrom Ahmedabad to Mumbai20 2019 2026 (partial), 2027 (complete)thumb(₹1.6 lakh crore)SagarmalaSeaportCoastal areas of India 2017 2035(₹6.5 lakh crore, only counting current projects)Réseau express métropolitainLight rail, Rapid transitMontreal5.7 2018 2025center67 km of rails, 26 stations, automated light metro. Cost estimated in June 2021 to be $CDN 6.9bn; in June 2021, that was equivalent to $USD 5.7bn.High Speed 2High Speed RailwayEngland106.4 2017 2033200px330 mi/530 km of High Speed track, 5 stations and West Coast Mainline integrationNorthern Powerhouse RailRailway & Urban renewalEngland39 2018 2026200pxLinks Liverpool, Sheffield, Kingston-upon-Hull & Newcastle-upon-Tyne to High Speed 2.Link light rail 2 Line Light rail lineEastside King County, Washington 3.720162025200pxBogotá Metro(line 1)Rapid transitBogotá4.5 2020 2028200pxBrussels Metro line 3Rapid transitBrussels1.86 2020 2030framelessChūō ShinkansenHigh-speed rail, Maglev64.35 2014UnknownTel Aviv Light RailLight railTel Aviv20112028200x200pxNIS18.8 billionTel Aviv MetroRapid transitTel Aviv metro area39.420252032300x300pxPanama Metro Line 3Rapid transit line (monorail)Panama City2.715420212025280x280pxThe Panamanian balboa is tied to the United States dollar. Millennium Line Broadway Extension ("Broadway Subway Project")Rapid transitVancouver2.3520212026Map showing the extension along Broadway in relation to existing lines and surface streetsCost estimated in May 2021 to be ; in roughly May 2021, that was roughly equivalent to .Penn Station AccessCommuter railNew York City and Westchester County, New York2.8720222027280x280pxSouth Coast RailCommuter railSoutheastern Massachusetts3.4220192030thumbTrillium Line ExpansionLight railOttawa3.520192024thumb4.72 billion CADBangkok–Nong Khai high-speed railwayHigh-speed rail4.6520202026280x280px179 billion baht Oslo Metro Line T6Rapid transit lineOslo and Bærum20202027100x100pxCost is Caltrain Modernization Program (CalMod)Commuter railSan Francisco Bay Area2.4420172024thumbLima Metro Line 2Rapid transitLima5.820142025Line 2 in yellowLine 4 (Athens Metro)Rapid transitAthens20212029-30thumb€1.6 billionCairo Metro Line 3, Phase 3Rapid transitCairo2023 (last extensions)Line 3 shown in greenEntire Line 3 costs moreSão Paulo Metro, Line 6Rapid transitGreater São Paulo2.6Resumed in 20202025thumbToulouse Metro, Line CRapid transitToulouse Métropole3.6520222028Metro Line C shown in green€3.4 billion as of February 7, 2023Abidjan MetroRapid transitAbidjan1.4620222025thumb€1.36 billion as of December 20, 2022Ho Chi Minh City Metro, Line 1Rapid transitHo Chi Minh City2.520122023Line 1 in red; remaining lines in planning stage or on holdVienna U-Bahn, U2xU5 ProjectRapid transitVienna20182030Map of metro after project concludes in 2030Riyadh MetroRapid transitRiyadh22.5 20142024thumbThere were disputes regarding at least $1 billion in 2022; , it is unclear if/how that affected the overall cost.Xiong'an–Xinzhou high-speed railwayHigh-speed railXiong'an–Xinzhou8.8620222027thumbTanzania Standard Gauge RailwayRailwayTanzaniaAt least 7.62017Unclear (does vary based on phase)thumbPortal Bridge replacementBridge (rail)New Jersey1.520222025 (first line of track)Bridge to be replacedRogfastTunnel (road)Rogaland2018 (paused 2019; unclear if/when resumed, but it is still expected to be constructed)2033280x280pxGordie Howe International BridgeBridge (road), Detroit to Windsor, Ontario5.420182025thumbD Line ExtensionRapid transitGreater Los Angeles9.52014 (Section 1)2018 (Section 2)2021 (Section 3)2027 (final section: Section 3)thumbBelgrade MetroRapid transitBelgrade5.3520212028thumbOntario LineRapid transitToronto7.3-8.720222031thumb16 km, 15 stop line with at-grade, elevated and underground sections operated with driverless trains.São Paulo Metro Line 2 extensionRapid transitSão Paulo1.420202026150x150pxValley Metro Rail: South Central ExtensionLight railPhoenix, Arizona1.3520192024220x220pxHamburg U5Rapid transitHamburg1.7520222030U5 shown in red and purpleProject ConnectPublic transitAustin, Texas10.3 for the light rail components; unclear for the rest2021UnclearthumbMeasure approved by Austin voters. Construction of at least one bus rapid transit corridor has begun; light rail construction has not begun.Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel Expansion ProjectBridge–tunnel (road)Hampton Roads (Virginia)3.920202025thumbFrederick Douglass TunnelTunnel (rail)Baltimore620232033thumbReplacement for old Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel)
Suspended or abandoned ProjectDescriptionCountryLocation Status (suspended or abandoned)Approximate cost (in billions USD) and year of cost estimateStart of constructionYear suspendedImageNotes Northern Latitudinal Railway RailwayLabytnangi (Obskaya) - Korotchaevo Suspended 3.03 (2018) 2018  2022
Proposed ProjectDescriptionLocationApproximate cost (in billions USD)Proposed start of constructionProposed year of completionNotesGreat Istanbul Tunnel Railway, Undersea tunnel Istanbul, Turkey3.5 TBD TBDAfter Marmaray and Eurasia Tunnel's, it will be the third tunnel to connect Istanbul's sides.Arctic Railway Railway,  TBD TBDA connecting line between Kirkenes port and the Finnish railway network.Bridge of the HornsBridge (rail/road), 20 TBD TBDA bridge across the Red Sea.Crossrail 2Railway, Commuter rail, Rapid transit Greater London, United Kingdom in 2014 money 2023 2030sA new railway line in England, serving London, Surrey & Hertfordshire to interlink with Crossrail (above).Helsinki City Rail Loop Commuter Rail TBD TBDAn underground rail loop in Helsinki.Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel Railway, Undersea tunnel,  TBD TBDIrish Sea Bridge Bridge (rail/road) TBD TBDA proposed bridge between Scotland and Northern Ireland, supported by the Johnson ministry.Lentorata Railway tunnel 2030 TBDAn airport rail link for Helsinki Airport.Malacca Strait Bridge Bridge (road), 14 TBD TBDA proposed 48 kilometer bridge over the Strait of Malacca.MetroLink (Dublin)Rapid transit Greater Dublin Area, Ireland9.83 2025 2031-2034Saudi–Egypt CausewayCauseway, 4 TBD TBDStrait of Messina BridgeBridge (rail/road)6.6 TBD TBDSunda Strait Bridge Bridge (rail/road)18.87 TBD TBDThe project has been indefinitely postponed.Singapore Strait crossing Tunnel (undersea) , TBD TBD TBDA proposed tunnel between Singapore and Indonesia.Qatar–Bahrain CausewayCauseway, 5 TBD TBDBrightline WestHigh-speed rail California and Nevada10 2023 2027Texas Central RailwayHigh-speed rail Texas5.9 TBD TBDWould operate between Dallas and Houston, with a stop in the Brazos Valley regionLinkUSRapid transit  Columbus, Ohio8 2024 2030 Cost includes three rapid-transit corridors set to open by 2030, and two more by 2050.Second Avenue Subway, Phase 2Rapid transit New York City6.39 TBD TBDProject was moved to the engineering stage in January 2022.Gateway TunnelTunnel (rail) New York City to New Jersey (Hudson River)16.1 TBD TBDInterborough ExpressLight rail New York City5.5 (in 2027 dollars) TBD TBDNew light rail line, built largely along existing tracks, connecting Brooklyn and Queens. Still in planning stages.Rio de Janeiro Light Rail ExpansionLight rail Rio de Janeiro, Brazil3 2023 2025 (at least first sections) Would add  to existing light rail networkBagamoyo PortSeaport Bagamoyo, Tanzania10 2023Valparaíso–Santiago rail replacementRailway Valparaíso and Santiago, Chile 1.32 2025 2030D2 SubwayLight rail Dallas1.7-1.9TBD2028City Centre–Māngere LineLight rail8.7TBDTBDIn the detailed planning phase. Would connect Auckland Airport to the CBD, terminating at Wynyard Quarter
Airport projects  Airport  Primary market(s) served Country IATA Code Type of project Passengers (total)  Year completed  Est. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completionEst. cost (in billions USD), adjusted for inflation Abu Dhabi International Airport Abu Dhabi  AUH New airport   1982  6.8 Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas International Airport Terminals 4 and 4S  Madrid  MAD New terminals   2006  8.7 Al Maktoum International Airport   Dubai  DWC New airport  (expected: 260 million)  2010   32 Athens International Airport  Athens  ATH New airport   2001  3Auckland AirportAucklandAKLNew terminal, new runway2028-2029 (expected)2.4Bahrain International Airport expansionBahrainBAHNew terminal20211.1Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3BeijingPEKNew terminal50,000,00020083.8Beijing Daxing International Airport BeijingPKXNew airport25,051,012201917 Berlin-Brandenburg International AirportBerlin  BER New airport  (expected)  2020  10 ()Central Transport HubWarsaw  N/A   ≈45,000,000 (expected)  2027 (expected) 4.2-5.0 (expected, without rail component and road component) Changi Airport Terminal 3 Singapore SIN New terminal 2008 1.4 Changi Airport Terminal 4Singapore SIN New terminal   2017  1Charles de Gaulle AirportParisCDGNew airport26,196,575 19730.27Chengdu Tianfu International Airport ChengduTFUNew airport4,354,758 202110.8 Chennai greenfield airport, Parandur Chennai   N/A  New airport  (expected)  Unclear  2.5 ( crore) Ciudad Real Central Airport Ciudad Real  CQM New airport Ceased operations in 2012 (expected: 10 million)  2009  1.41Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport: International Terminal Santiago  SCL New terminal   2022 0.99Dallas Fort Worth International AirportDallas–Fort Worth metroplexDFWNew airport62,465,756 19730.7Dallas Fort Worth International Airport Terminal F; overhaulDallas–Fort Worth metroplexDFWNew terminal; terminal expansion; renovations2028 or 2033 (expected)4.8 Denver International AirportDenver  DEN  New airport   1995  4.8Dubai International Airport Terminal 3DubaiDXBNew terminal20084.5Felipe Ángeles International Airport Mexico CityNLUNew airport2022George Bush Intercontinental Airport, international terminal constructionHoustonIAHTerminal redevelopment and/or expansionUnclear1.2 () Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Guangzhou  CAN  New airport   2004  Hamad International AirportDohaDOHNew airport201415.5Harry Reid International Airport (then McCarran International Airport), Terminal 3 Las VegasLASNew terminal20122.4Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport Terminal 3DhakaDAC New terminalAdditional 12,000,000 (expected) ()Hong Kong International Airport Hong Kong  HKG  New airport   1998  20Heathrow Airport Terminal 5LondonLHRNew terminal32,100,000 2008 Incheon International Airport Seoul   ICN  New airport   2001 (Phase 1)2008 (Phase 2)2017 (Phase 3)5 (Phase 1)2.6 (Phase 2) (Phase 3) (Phase 1) (Phase 2) (Phase 3) Istanbul Airport Istanbul  IST  New airport  2018  29 (including side projects)John F. Kennedy International Airport, (New) Terminal OneNew York CityJFKNew terminalExpected:2026 (Phase 1)2030 (Full completion)9.5John F. Kennedy International Airport, (New) Terminal 6New York CityJFKNew terminalExpected:2026 (Phase 1)2028 (Full completion)4.2 (Phase 1) Kansai International Airport Osaka   KIX  New airport   1994  20 () (starting inflation calculation in 2008)Kansas City International AirportKansas CityMCINew terminal (replacement)20231.5 Kertajati International Airport  Majalengka Regency KJT New airport  (expected)  2018  15 King Abdulaziz International Airport Jeddah    JED  New airport   1981  7.2 King Shaka International Airport Durban  DUR  New airport   2010  1 Kuala Lumpur International Airport Kuala Lumpur  KUL  New airport   1998  3.5 Kualanamu International Airport Medan KNO  New airport   2013  4.4Kuwait International Airport, Terminal 2 Kuwait CityKWINew terminal25,000,000 additional passengers (estimated)2024 (expected)5LaGuardia AirportNew York CityLGARenovation2025 (expected)8 Long Thanh International Airport Ho Chi Minh City  N/A  New airport  (expected)  2025 (expected) 10 Los Angeles International Airport Los Angeles LAX Renovation and expansion14Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (new terminal)New OrleansMSYNew terminal20191.3Manchester Airport Transformation ProgrammeManchesterMANNew terminal2025 (expected)1.6 (equivalent to £1.3 billion )Munich AirportMunichMUCNew airport19925.17Nashville International Airport, BNA VisionNashville, TennesseeBNAAirport overhaul2023 (expected)1.5Nashville International Airport, New HorizonNashville, TennesseeBNATerminal expansion; other improvements2028 (expected)1.4 Navi Mumbai International AirportMumbai  NMU  New airport  (expected)  2024 (expected) 2 New Islamabad International Airport Islamabad   IBD  New airport   2018 3.91  New Lisbon Airport Lisbon   N/A    (expected)  2035 (expected)  4.5 New Mexico City International Airport Mexico City     Ceased operations in 2018 (expected: 125 million)  2018  13Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal ANewark, New Jersey; New York CityEWRTerminal replacement20232.7 Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal C Newark, New Jersey; New York City   EWR  Terminal renovation and expansion   2003  1.2 O'Hare International Airport Chicago  ORDExpansion 2028 (expected)8.7 ()Orlando International Airport, Terminal COrlando, FloridaMCONew terminal20222.8Salt Lake City International AirportSalt Lake CitySLCRenovation and expansion2024 (expected)4.1 ()Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, replacement terminalShenzhenSZXTerminal replacement20131.4Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, third runwayShenzhenSZXNew runway2025 (expected)1.76 Suvarnabhumi Airport Bangkok   BKK     2006  3.85Taoyuan International Airport Terminal 3TaipeiTPENew terminalFirst stage: 2024 (expected)3.13 () Western Sydney Airport Sydney   WSI (provisional)  New airport 10,000,000 (initially) 82,000,000 (by 2036)  2026 (expected)  3.3
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