Cnephasia
Introduction '''''Cnephasia''''' is a genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to the subfamily Tortricinae and therein to the tribe Cnephasiini, of which it is the type genus.
Taxonomy and systematics The type species around which ''Cnephasia'' was established by J. Curtis in 1826 (in the explanations to plate 100 of his ''British Entomology'') was claimed to be "''Tortrix logiana''". However, this was a misidentification; the name of ''T. logiana'' (described by C.A. Clerck in 1759 and nowadays called ''Acleris logiana'') was until the early 20th century frequently applied to related species in error.Curtis simply repeated the mistake of A.H. Haworth, who had in his 1811 volume of ''Lepidoptera Britannica'' discussed a ''Cnephasia'' under Clerck's name, but the original misidentification may well go back to Linnaeus' treatment of "''T. logiana''" in ''Systema naturae''. Eventually, this was resolved, and the type species of ''Cnephasia'' was determined to be the tortrix moth described as ''Olethreutes pasiuana'' by J. Hübner in 1822.===Species===The currently recognized species of ''Cnephasia'' are:* ''Cnephasia abrasana'' (Duponchel in Godart, 1842)* ''Cnephasia albatana'' Chrétien, 1915* ''Cnephasia alfacarana'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia alticola'' Kuznetzov, 1966* ''Cnephasia alticolana''* ''Cnephasia amseli'' (Lucas, 1942)* ''Cnephasia asiatica'' Kuznetzov, 1956* ''Cnephasia asseclana'' – flax tortrix* ''Cnephasia bizensis'' Réal, 1953* ''Cnephasia chrysantheana'' (Duponchel in Godart, 1842)* ''Cnephasia communana''* ''Cnephasia conspersana'' Douglas, 1846* ''Cnephasia constantinana'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia cupressivorana'' (Staudinger, 1871)* ''Sciaphila debiliana'' Walker, 1863* ''Cnephasia delnoyana'' Groenen & Schreurs, 2012* ''Cnephasia disforma'' Razowski, 1983* ''Cnephasia disparana'' Kuznetzov in Danilevsky, Kuznetsov & Falkovitsh, 1962* ''Cnephasia divisana'' Razowski, 1959* ''Cnephasia ecullyana'' Réal, 1951* ''Cnephasia etnana'' Razowski & Trematerra, 1999* ''Cnephasia facetana'' Kennel, 1901* ''Cnephasia fiorii'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia fragosana'' (Zeller, 1847)* ''Cnephasia fulturata'' Rebel, 1940* ''Cnephasia genitalana'' Pierce & Metcalfe, 1915* ''Cnephasia graecana'' Rebel, 1902* ''Cnephasia grandis'' (Osthelder, 1938)* ''Cnephasia gueneeana'' (Duponchel in Godart, 1836)* ''Cnephasia heinemanni'' Obraztsov, 1957* ''Cnephasia hellenica'' Obraztsov, 1956* ''Cnephasia heringi'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia hunzorum'' Diakonoff, 1971* ''Cnephasia incertana'' – light grey tortrix* ''Cnephasia jozefi'' Razowski, 1961* ''Cnephasia kasyi'' Razowski, 1971* ''Cnephasia kenneli'' Obraztsov, 1956* ''Cnephasia klimeschi'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia korvaci'' Razowski, 1965* ''Cnephasia laetana'' (Staudinger, 1871)* ''Cnephasia lineata'' (Walsingham, 1900)* ''Cnephasia longana'' (Haworth, 1811)* ''Cnephasia margelanensis'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia microstrigana'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia minutula'' Falkovitsh in Danilevsky, Kuznetsov & Falkovitsh, 1962* ''Cnephasia nesiotica'' Razowski, 1983* ''Cnephasia nigripunctana'' Amsel, 1959* ''Cnephasia nigrofasciana'' (Bruand, 1850)* ''Cnephasia nowickii'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia orientana'' (Alphéraky, 1877)* ''Cnephasia orthias'' Meyrick, 1910* ''Cnephasia oxyacanthana'' (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)* ''Cnephasia parnassicola'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia pasiuana'' (Hübner, 1799)* ''Cnephasia personatana'' Kennel, 1901* ''Cnephasia razowskii'' Alipanah, 2019* ''Cnephasia regifica'' Razowski, 1971* ''Cnephasia sedana'' (Constant, 1884)* ''Cnephasia semibrunneata'' (de Joannis, 1891)* ''Cnephasia stachi'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia stephensiana'' – grey tortrix* ''Cnephasia tianshanica'' Filipjev, 1934* ''Cnephasia tofina'' Meyrick, 1922* ''Cnephasia tremewani'' Razowski, 1961* ''Cnephasia tripolitana'' Razowski, 1958* ''Cnephasia tristrami'' (Walsingham, 1900)* ''Cnephasia ussurica'' Filipjev, 1962* ''Cnephasia venusta'' Razowski, 1971* ''Cnephasia virginana'' (Kennel, 1899)* ''Cnephasia wimmeri'' Arenberger, 1998* ''Cnephasia zangheriana'' Trematerra, 1991* ''Cnephasia zelleri'' (Christoph, 1877)* ''Cnephasia zernyi'' Razowski, 1959''"Cnephasia" jactatana'' does not seem to belong in this genus.
Former species * ''Cnephasia daedalea'' Razowski, 1983===Synonyms===Obsolete scientific names for ''Cnephasia'' are:* ''Anoplocnephasia'' Réal, 1953* ''Brachycnephasia'' Réal, 1953* ''Chephasia'' (''lapsus'')* ''Cnephasianella'' (''lapsus'')* ''Cnephasiella'' Adamczewski, 1936* ''Cnephosia'' (''lapsus'')* ''Hypostephanuncia'' Réal, 1951* ''Hypostephanuntia'' (''lapsus'')* ''Sciaphila'' Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1829''Hypostephanuncia'' is sometimes listed as a junior synonym of the closely related genus ''Eana'', but its type species is ''C. ecullyana''. Whether the monotypic ''Sphaleroptera'' is a distinct and valid genus or merely a specialized offshoot of ''Cnephasia'' is not yet resolved; some authors include it here, while others don't.
Footnotes
References *  (2019): An overview of the tribe Cnephasiini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) of Iran with description of a new species. ''Zootaxa'' '''4661'''(3): 501-521. *  (2009a):  Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae –  Genus ''Cnephasia'' account. Version 1.3.1.Retrieved 2009-JAN-20. *  (2009b):  Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae –  ''Cnephasia'' species list. Version 1.3.1.Retrieved 2009-JAN-20. *  1826: Genus ''Cnephasia''. ''In: British Entomology, being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland'', etc. '''6'''(100): 1-2.E. Ellis & Co., London. Fulltext at the Internet Archive*  (1998): The genera of Tortricidae. Part III. Nearctic Chlidanotinae and Tortricidae. ''Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia'' '''41'''(2): 227-281.Fulltext at Google Books*  (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms –  ''Cnephasia''. Version of 2005-SEP-14.Retrieved 2010-APR-14. *  (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms –  ''Eana''. Version of 2005-SEP-14.Retrieved 2010-APR-14. *  (2010): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms –  ''Acleris logiana''. Version of 2010-FEB-19.Retrieved 2010-APR-14.