Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914
Introduction A total solar eclipse occurred on August 21, 1914.A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide.The totality of this eclipse was visible from northern Canada, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Russian Empire (the parts now belonging to Åland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, including cities of Riga, Minsk, Kiev and northeastern part of Vilnius), Ottoman Empire (the parts now belonging to Turkey, northeastern tip of Syria and northern Iraq), Persia and British Raj (the parts now belonging to Pakistan and western tip of India).It was the first of four total solar eclipses that would be seen from Sweden during the next 40 years. This total solar eclipse occurred in the same calendar date as 2017, but at the opposite node. The moon was just 2.7 days before perigee, making it fairly large.Several astronomers were setting up to observe the eclipse, in part as an attempt to confirm Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. However, due to the onset of World War I as well as cloud cover, these experiments were unsuccessful.
Observations A number of observatories sent expeditions to Russia to observe the eclipse including those from Argentina, the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and the United States. The expeditions led by Charles Dillon Perrine of the Argentine National Observatory, Erwin Finlay-Freundlich of the Berlin-Babelsberg Observatory, Germany, and William W. Campbell of the Lick Observatory, California, included in their programs the second attempt to verify the general relativity theory of Albert Einstein. (Perrine had made the first attempt at the 1912 solar eclipse in Brazil.) However, World War I broke out and Freundlich and his equipment were interned in Russia, unable to carry out the necessary measurements. C. D. Perrine and W. W. Campbell, from neutral countries, Argentina and the United States, were permitted to continue with their plans, but clouds obscured the eclipse. Perrine was able to obtain one photograph of the eclipse but the thin cloud cover was enough to obscure star locations necessary to test Einstein's theory.
Related eclipses === Solar eclipses of 1913–1917====== Saros 124 ====== Tritos series ===Series members between 1901 and 2100150pxSeptember 21, 1903(Saros 123)150pxAugust 21, 1914(Saros 124)150pxJuly 20, 1925(Saros 125)150pxJune 19, 1936(Saros 126)150pxMay 20, 1947(Saros 127)150pxApril 19, 1958(Saros 128)150pxMarch 18, 1969(Saros 129)150pxFebruary 16, 1980(Saros 130)150pxJanuary 15, 1991(Saros 131)150pxDecember 14, 2001(Saros 132)150pxNovember 13, 2012(Saros 133)150pxOctober 14, 2023(Saros 134)150pxSeptember 12, 2034(Saros 135)150pxAugust 12, 2045(Saros 136)150pxJuly 12, 2056(Saros 137)150pxJune 11, 2067(Saros 138)150pxMay 11, 2078(Saros 139)150pxApril 10, 2089(Saros 140)150pxMarch 10, 2100(Saros 141)
References *  Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914 in Russia (Russian)