Niroshta
Introduction '''Niroshta''' is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a pentatonic scale (''audava''/''owdava'' rāgam). It is a derived scale (''janya'' rāgam), as it does not have all the seven ''swaras'' (musical notes). ''Niroshta'' literally means without the lips. If the lips do not meet / touch, then the notes ''Ma'' and ''Pa'' cannot be uttered. This scale does not use either note and hence the name. It is a very pleasing rāgam.
Structure and Lakshana ''Niroshta'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C''Niroshta'' is a symmetric pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' ragam in Carnatic music classification – ''audava'' meaning 'of 5') that does not contain ''madhyamam'' and ''panchamam''. Its '''' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see ''swaras'' in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):* : * : The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, chathusruthi dhaivatham'' and ''kakali nishadham''. ''Niroshta'' is considered a ''janya'' rāgam of Shankarabharanam, the 29th ''Melakarta'' rāgam, though it can be derived from Kalyani by dropping both ''madhyamam'' and ''panchamam''. Shankarabharanam is the Major scale of Western music.
Popular compositions Muthiah Bhagavatar is credited with creating this scale, due to the fact that the King of Mysore had a bee sting in his lip and could not sing the Panchama and Madhyama notes, since the notes touch the lip while pronouncing it. His melodious composition ''Raja Raja Radhite'' set to Rupaka tala (3/4 beat) also does not use the syllables ''Ma'' and ''Pa''. Madurai T. N. Seshagopalan, a disciple of Ramanathapuram C. S. Sankarasivam, who in turn is a disciple of Muthiah Bhagavatar has composed a thillana in Niroshta "tanana dhirana" in Adi Tala. Tanjavur. S. Kalyanaraman has composed a varnam "Kanin Maniye" in this raga. Other compositions include giri-putrika gaura-varni by Bangalore S Mukund in rupaka talam, jayati jayati jayashankara by Ashok R Madhav in rupaka tala.
Related rāgams This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.=== Scale similarities ===*''Mohanam'' is a rāgam which has the ''panchamam'' in place of the ''nishadham''. Its '''' structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S*''Hamsadhvani'' is a rāgam which has the ''panchamam'' in place of the ''dhaivatam''. Its '''' structure is S R2 G3 P N3 S : S N3 P G3 R2 S
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