Nephrotoma
Introduction ''Nephrotoma alterna''''Nephrotoma ferruginea'' mating''Nephrotoma submaculosa'' in copula'''''Nephrotoma''''' is a genus of crane flies.For terms see Morphology of Diptera. ''Nephrotoma'' species have a lustrous body, appearing yellow with black or brown stripes and spots. If the body is black, there are coloured bands on the abdomen. The prescutum has three stripes. The proboscis (rostrum) is short and the antennae are verticillate. The subcosta (Sc) fuses with radial vein R slightly distal to the base of the radial sector vein Rs whilst no longer than the mediocubital cross-vein (m-cu). The first media vein termination (m1) is sessile,  rarely short and petiolate. The m-cu is located before the base of the discal cell (d). The male genitalia  segment Tergite-9 has microscopic black streaks at the apex.The species are found in deciduous and mixed forests, shrubland and moist meadows.The larvae live in soil and are sometimes harmful to agricultural crops and ornamental plants.
Species *''N. abbreviata'' (Loew, 1863)*''N. aberdarensis'' Alexander, 1956*''N. aculeata'' (Loew, 1871)*''N. affinis'' (Bellardi, 1859)*''N. albonigra'' Alexander, 1921*''N. alexandriana'' Byers, 1968*''N. alleni'' (Alexander, 1913)*''N. alluaudi'' (Pierre, 1922)*''N. alterna'' (Walker, 1848)*''N. alticrista'' Alexander, 1941*''N. altigalea'' Alexander, 1967*''N. altissima'' (Osten Sacken, 1877)*''N. altrolatera'' Alexander, 1935*''N. ambricola'' Alexander, 1963*''N. ampla'' Alexander, 1921*''N. analis'' (Schummel, 1833)*''N. angusticrista'' Alexander, 1962*''N. angustifrons'' Edwards, 1934*''N. angustistria'' Alexander, 1925*''N. antennata'' (Wiedemann, 1820)*''N. antithrix'' (Mannheims, 1962)*''N. appendiculata'' (Pierre, 1919)*''N. astigma'' (Pierre, 1925)*''N. atamoor'' Alexander, 1960*''N. atrohirsuta'' Alexander, 1973*''N. atrostyla'' Alexander, 1935*''N. augustana'' Alexander, 1973*''N. aurantiaca'' (Macquart, 1838)*''N. aurantiocincta'' Alexander, 1941*''N. aurocomata'' Alexander, 1969*''N. australasiae'' (Skuse, 1890)*''N. austriaca'' (Mannheims & Theowald, 1959)*''N. baliana'' Alexander, 1936*''N. baluba'' Alexander, 1963*''N. bara'' Alexander, 1960*''N. barbigera'' (Savchenko, 1964)*''N. basiflava'' Yang & Yang, 1991*''N. basutoensis'' Alexander, 1956*''N. beckeri'' (Mannheims, 1951)*''N. beibengensis'' Yang, Liu, Pan, Liu and Yang, 2020*''N. bellula'' Alexander, 1969*''N. biappendiculata'' (Savchenko, 1973)*''N. biarmigera'' Alexander, 1935*''N. bicristata'' Alexander, 1967*''N. biformis'' Alexander, 1935*''N. bifusca'' Alexander, 1920*''N. boliviana'' Alexander, 1947*''N. bombayensis'' (Macquart, 1855)*''N. bourbonica'' Alexander, 1957*''N. boyesi'' Alexander, 1969*''N. breviorcornis'' (Doane, 1908)*''N. brevipennis'' (Wollaston, 1858)*''N. brevisternata'' Alexander, 1968*''N. buruensis'' Edwards, 1926*''N. byersi'' Oosterbroek, 1984*''N. byersina'' Alexander, 1973*''N. cacuminis'' Alexander, 1946*''N. calinota'' (Dietz, 1918)*''N. capensis'' (Rondani, 1863)*''N. carinata'' (Mannheims, 1958)*''N. catenata'' Alexander, 1935*''N. caudifera'' Alexander, 1935*''N. chaetopyga'' Alexander, 1921*''N. chalybea'' Alexander, 1921*''N. chapini'' Alexander, 1920*''N. chosensis'' Alexander, 1935*''N. cinereifrons'' Edwards, 1933*''N. cingulata'' (Dietz, 1918)*''N. circumcincta'' Alexander, 1941*''N. circumscripta'' (Loew, 1863)*''N. cirrata'' Tangelder, 1984*''N. citreiceps'' Speiser, 1923*''N. citricolor'' Alexander, 1949*''N. citrina'' (Edwards, 1916)*''N. clanceyi'' Alexander, 1956*''N. claviformis'' Yang & Yang, 1987*''N. colorata'' (Walker, 1865)*''N. comoroensis'' Alexander, 1959*''N. concava'' Yang & Yang, 1990*''N. concolorithorax'' (Brunetti, 1912)*''N. condylophora'' Alexander, 1970*''N. consimilis'' (Brunetti, 1911)*''N. consularis'' (Osten Sacken, 1886)*''N. contrasta'' Alexander, 1920*''N. cornicina'' (Linnaeus, 1758)*''N. cornifera'' (Dietz, 1918)*''N. costofumosa'' Alexander, 1963*''N. cretensis'' Oosterbroek, 1982*''N. cristiformis'' Alexander, 1975*''N. crocata'' (Linnaeus, 1758)*''N. crocea'' (Loew, 1866)*''N. croceiventris'' (Strobl, 1909)*''N. cuneata'' Yang & Yang, 1991*''N. curtiterebra'' Alexander, 1967*''N. cuthbertsoni'' Alexander, 1956*''N. dafla'' Alexander, 1970*''N. daisensis'' Alexander, 1935*''N. dampfi'' Alexander, 1925*''N. dawahi'' Hancock, 2018*''N. definita'' Alexander, 1935*''N. delegorguei'' (Macquart, 1846)*''N. delta'' (Walker, 1856)*''N. dewittei'' Alexander, 1956*''N. didyma'' Yang & Yang, 1987*''N. difficilis'' Tangelder, 1984*''N. dimidiata'' (de Meijere, 1904)*''N. distans'' Edwards, 1928*''N. dodabettae'' Alexander, 1951*''N. dominicana'' Alexander, 1970*''N. dorsalis'' (Fabricius, 1781)*''N. dorsata'' Alexander, 1953*''N. drakanae'' Alexander, 1936*''N. durangensis'' Alexander, 1953*''N. dutti'' Alexander, 1963*''N. eburata'' (Mannheims, 1958)*''N. ectypa'' (Speiser, 1908)*''N. edwardsaria'' Alexander, 1956*''N. edwardsi'' Alexander, 1917*''N. effrena'' Alexander, 1936*''N. electripennis'' Alexander, 1953*''N. elegans'' (Fabricius, 1805)*''N. elegantula'' (Williston, 1896)*''N. elgonica'' Alexander, 1956*''N. erebus'' Alexander, 1922*''N. ericarum'' Alexander, 1967*''N. esakii'' Alexander, 1924*''N. eucera'' (Loew, 1863)*''N. euceroides'' Alexander, 1919*''N. euchroma'' (Mik, 1874)*''N. eugeniae'' (Savchenko, 1957)*''N. euthynota'' Alexander, 1962*''N. evittata'' Alexander, 1935*''N. exastigma'' Oosterbroek, 1978*''N. excelsior'' (Bergroth, 1888)*''N. extensicornis'' Alexander, 1974*''N. familiaris'' (Osten Sacken, 1881)*''N. fasciata'' (Macquart, 1834)*''N. ferruginea'' (Fabricius, 1805)*''N. festiva'' (Walker, 1848)*''N. flammeola'' Alexander, 1925*''N. flavescens'' (Linnaeus, 1758)*''N. flavipalpis'' (Meigen, 1830)*''N. flavofimbria'' Alexander, 1976*''N. flavonigra'' Alexander, 1920*''N. flavonota'' (Alexander, 1914)*''N. flavoposticata'' Alexander, 1936*''N. flavoscutellata'' Edwards, 1925*''N. fletcheriana'' Alexander, 1952*''N. floresensis'' Alexander, 1936*''N. fontana'' Oosterbroek, 1978*''N. forcipata'' (Pierre, 1919)*''N. formosensis'' (Edwards, 1916)*''N. freemani'' Alexander, 1956*''N. fulani'' Alexander, 1974*''N. fulvomedia'' Alexander, 1958*''N. fumidapicalis'' Alexander, 1921*''N. fumiscutellata'' Alexander, 1935*''N. fuscapex'' Edwards, 1928*''N. fuscescens'' (Riedel, 1910)*''N. fuscipennis'' (Karsch, 1886)*''N. fuscoflava'' (Brunetti, 1918)*''N. gaganboi'' Tangelder, 1984*''N. gamma'' (Brunetti, 1912)*''N. geminata'' Alexander, 1920*''N. geniculata'' Yang & Yang, 1987*''N. glabricristata'' Alexander, 1939*''N. globata'' Alexander, 1951*''N. globosa'' Alexander, 1969*''N. glossophora'' Alexander, 1964*''N. gnata'' (Dietz, 1918)*''N. gorongozae'' Alexander, 1960*''N. gracilicornis'' (Loew, 1864)*''N. graueri'' Speiser, 1923*''N. guangxiensis'' Yang & Yang, 1993*''N. guestfalica'' (Westhoff, 1879)*''N. guttipleura'' Alexander, 1936*''N. hainanica'' Alexander, 1936*''N. hamulifera'' Alexander, 1967*''N. hanae'' Yang, Liu, Pan, Liu and Yang, 2020*''N. handschiniana'' Alexander, 1936*''N. helvetica'' (Mannheims & Theowald, 1959)*''N. hemichroa'' Alexander, 1956*''N. hirsuticauda'' Alexander, 1924*''N. huangshanensis'' Men, Xue and Wang, 2016*''N. hubeiensis'' Yang & Yang, 1987*''N. hunanensis'' Yang & Yang, 1991*''N. hypocrites'' (Brunetti, 1918)*''N. hypogyna'' Yang & Yang, 1990*''N. idiocera'' Alexander, 1976*''N. imerina'' Alexander, 1920*''N. immaculata'' (van der Wulp, 1891)*''N. impigra'' Alexander, 1935*''N. inconsequens'' Alexander, 1936*''N. incristata'' (Mannheims, 1958)*''N. inorata'' Alexander, 1951*''N. integra'' Alexander, 1935*''N. iridipennis'' (Pierre, 1925)*''N. irrevocata'' Alexander, 1936*''N. javana'' (Wiedemann, 1821)*''N. javensis'' (Doleschall, 1856)*''N. jinxiuensis'' Yang & Yang, 1993*''N. joneensis'' Yang & Yang, 1990*''N. kanasensis'' Ren and Yang, 2017*''N. kaulbacki'' Alexander, 1951*''N. kaviengensis'' Alexander, 1936*''N. kelimotoensis'' Alexander, 1936*''N. kempfi'' Alexander, 1976*''N. kigeziana'' Alexander, 1956*''N. kodaikanalensis'' Alexander, 1951*''N. koreana'' Tangelder, 1984*''N. korpa'' Alexander, 1967*''N. kraussiana'' Alexander, 1978*''N. kunagi'' Yang & Yang, 1990*''N. laconica'' (Osten Sacken, 1882)*''N. laffooni'' Alexander, 1950*''N. lamellata'' (Riedel, 1910)*''N. lateropolita'' Alexander, 1938*''N. laticrista'' Savchenko, 1966*''N. latispina'' Alexander, 1956*''N. latissima'' Alexander, 1962*''N. leeuweni'' Oosterbroek, 1985*''N. lempkei'' Oosterbroek, 1978*''N. leonia'' Alexander, 1921*''N. lerothodi'' Alexander, 1956*''N. leto'' Alexander, 1956*''N. leucostigma'' Alexander, 1960*''N. liankangensis'' Men, Xue and Yang, 2015*''N. libra'' Alexander, 1951*''N. ligulata'' Alexander, 1925*''N. lindneriana'' Alexander, 1978*''N. livingstonei'' Alexander, 1921*''N. longisternata'' Alexander, 1967*''N. lordhowensis'' Dobrotworsky, 1974*''N. luaboensis'' Alexander, 1960*''N. lucida'' (Schiner, 1868)*''N. lugens'' (Loew, 1864)*''N. lundbecki'' (Nielsen, 1907)*''N. lunulicornis'' (Schummel, 1833)*''N. luteopleura'' (Séguy, 1938)*''N. mabelana'' Alexander, 1976*''N. machadoi'' Alexander, 1963*''N. macrocera'' (Say, 1823)*''N. madagascariensis'' (Enderlein, 1912)*''N. makiella'' (Matsumura, 1916)*''N. malickyi'' Martinovsky, 1979*''N. mambila'' Alexander, 1976*''N. margaritae'' Alexander, 1970*''N. marshalli'' Alexander, 1921*''N. martynovi'' Alexander, 1935*''N. mawdsleyi'' Boardman, 2020*''N. medioflava'' Oosterbroek, 1985*''N. medioligula'' Alexander, 1945*''N. medioproducta'' Alexander, 1940*''N. medipubera'' Edwards, 1932*''N. medleri'' Alexander, 1972*''N. megacantha'' Alexander, 1976*''N. megascapha'' Alexander, 1951*''N. melanaspis'' Alexander, 1970*''N. melanoxantha'' Alexander, 1962*''N. melanura'' (Osten Sacken, 1881)*''N. meraca'' Alexander, 1936*''N. meridionalis'' Yang & Yang, 1997*''N. metallescens'' Edwards, 1928*''N. mexicana'' (Macquart, 1846)*''N. microcera'' Alexander, 1921*''N. milloti'' Alexander, 1959*''N. minuscula'' (Mannheims, 1951)*''N. minuticornis'' Alexander, 1921*''N. mobukuensis'' Alexander, 1956*''N. monopsellia'' Speiser, 1923*''N. moravica'' Martinovsky, 1971*''N. moshesh'' Alexander, 1956*''N. mossambica'' Alexander, 1920*''N. muktesarensis'' Alexander, 1952*''N. nasuta'' Oosterbroek, 1975*''N. navajo'' Alexander, 1949*''N. neopratensis'' Alexander, 1921*''N. nigeriensis'' Alexander, 1921*''N. nigricauda'' Alexander, 1925*''N. nigrichroma'' (Pierre, 1925)*''N. nigrirostris'' Edwards, 1928*''N. nigritana'' (Mannheims, 1958)*''N. nigrithorax'' (de Meijere, 1919)*''N. nigroannulata'' (van der Wulp, 1885)*''N. nigrocentralis'' Alexander, 1938*''N. nigrocostalis'' Alexander, 1936*''N. nigrohalterata'' Edwards, 1928*''N. nigrolutea'' (Bellardi, 1859)*''N. nigropilosa'' Alexander, 1969*''N. nigrostylata'' Alexander, 1935*''N. nigrotergata'' (de Meijere, 1924)*''N. nox'' (Riedel, 1910)*''N. nycteris'' Alexander, 1956*''N. occipitalis'' (Loew, 1864)*''N. ocellata'' Yang & Yang, 1990*''N. ochripennis'' Alexander, 1921*''N. okefenoke'' (Alexander, 1915)*''N. oligochaeta'' Alexander, 1957*''N. omeiana'' Alexander, 1935*''N. oosterbroeki'' Tangelder, 1983*''N. opacistriata'' Alexander, 1957*''N. opima'' Alexander, 1924*''N. ordinaria'' (Osten Sacken, 1886)*''N. ortiva'' (Osten Sacken, 1882)*''N. ozenumensis'' Alexander, 1925*''N. pallida'' Oosterbroek, 1985*''N. pallidapex'' Alexander, 1938*''N. palloris'' (Coquillett, 1898)*''N. pamirensis'' (Enderlein, 1933)*''N. pangerangensis'' (Alexander, 1915)*''N. parascutellata'' Alexander, 1936*''N. parva'' (Edwards, 1916)*''N. parvirostra'' Alexander, 1924*''N. paulianana'' Alexander, 1957*''N. pedunculata'' (Loew, 1863)*''N. penumbra'' Alexander, 1915*''N. peralticrista'' Alexander, 1967*''N. perhorrida'' Alexander, 1942*''N. perincisa'' Alexander, 1949*''N. perlepida'' Alexander, 1956*''N. perobliqua'' Alexander, 1936*''N. petiolata'' (Macquart, 1838)*''N. pilata'' Alexander, 1935*''N. pilicauda'' (Savchenko, 1973)*''N. pjotri'' Tangelder, 1984*''N. platysphela'' Alexander, 1963*''N. platysterna'' Alexander, 1967*''N. pleurinotata'' (Brunetti, 1912)*''N. pleuromaculata'' Alexander, 1927*''N. polymera'' (Loew, 1863)*''N. praecipua'' Alexander, 1960*''N. pratensis'' (Linnaeus, 1758)*''N. profunda'' Alexander, 1935*''N. progne'' Alexander, 1949*''N. pseudoliankangensis'' Men, Xue and Yang, 2015*''N. pulchella'' (Rondani, 1850)*''N. pullata'' (Alexander, 1914)*''N. puncticornis'' (Brunetti, 1912)*''N. punctifrons'' (Macquart, 1838)*''N. punctum'' (Loew, 1863)*''N. qinghaiensis'' Yang & Yang, 1987*''N. quadrifaria'' (Meigen, 1804)*''N. quadrilata'' Alexander, 1951*''N. quadrinacrea'' Alexander, 1949*''N. quadristriata'' (Schummel, 1833)*''N. quadrivittata'' (van der Wulp, 1885)*''N. quincunx'' (Speiser, 1909)*''N. rajah'' Alexander, 1951*''N. ramulifera'' Tjeder, 1955*''N. rectispina'' Alexander, 1925*''N. relicta'' (Savchenko, 1973)*''N. repanda'' (Alexander, 1914)*''N. retenta'' Alexander, 1935*''N. reunionensis'' Alexander, 1957*''N. richardiana'' Alexander, 1957*''N. ridleyi'' Edwards, 1932*''N. rogersi'' Byers, 1968*''N. rossica'' (Riedel, 1910)*''N. ruanda'' Alexander, 1955*''N. rubriventris'' (Savchenko, 1957)*''N. ruiliensis'' Yang & Yang, 1990*''N. ruwenzoriana'' Alexander, 1920*''N. saccai'' (Mannheims, 1951)*''N. sachalina'' Alexander, 1924*''N. saghaliensis'' Alexander, 1925*''N. sakalava'' Alexander, 1960*''N. sangoana'' Alexander, 1963*''N. scalarifer'' Alexander, 1920*''N. scalaris'' (Meigen, 1818)*''N. schaeuffelei'' (Mannheims, 1964)*''N. scurra'' (Meigen, 1818)*''N. scurroides'' (de Meijere, 1904)*''N. semicincta'' Alexander, 1951*''N. semiflava'' (Strobl, 1909)*''N. seniana'' Alexander, 1952*''N. serricornis'' (Brunetti, 1912)*''N. setirostra'' Alexander, 1963*''N. shanxiensis'' Yang & Yang, 1990*''N. siamensis'' Edwards, 1928*''N. sichuanensis'' Yang & Yang, 1990*''N. sinensis'' (Edwards, 1916)*''N. smithersiana'' Alexander, 1959*''N. sodalis'' (Loew, 1864)*''N. solomonis'' Alexander, 1924*''N. sparsicoma'' Alexander, 1969*''N. spatha'' Oosterbroek, 1975*''N. speculata'' (de Meijere, 1913)*''N. spicula'' Tangelder, 1984*''N. stackelbergi'' (Savchenko, 1957)*''N. staryi'' Oosterbroek, 1982*''N. sternomarginata'' Alexander, 1964*''N. strenua'' Alexander, 1917*''N. stygia'' Alexander, 1921*''N. stylacantha'' Alexander, 1937*''N. subalterna'' Oosterbroek, 1984*''N. subanalis'' (Mannheims, 1951)*''N. subdentata'' Alexander, 1955*''N. subeuryglossa'' Alexander, 1969*''N. subinanis'' Alexander, 1956*''N. sublunulicornis'' (Savchenko, 1957)*''N. submaculosa'' Edwards, 1928*''N. subopaca'' Alexander, 1952*''N. subpallida'' Alexander, 1925*''N. subumbonis'' Alexander, 1967*''N. sullingtonensis'' Edwards, 1938*''N. sundaica'' Edwards, 1932*''N. suturalis'' (Loew, 1863)**''N. s. wulpiana''(Bergroth, 1865)*''N. takeuchii'' Alexander, 1924*''N. tealei'' Oosterbroek, 1984*''N. tenggerensis'' Alexander, 1936*''N. tenuipes'' (Riedel, 1910)*''N. tenuis'' (Loew, 1863)*''N. theowaldi'' Oosterbroek, 1978*''N. thysia'' Alexander, 1956*''N. tianlinensis'' Yang & Yang, 1993*''N. tigrina'' Alexander, 1917*''N. tigrinoides'' Alexander, 1921*''N. tincta'' (Walker, 1856)*''N. toda'' Alexander, 1951*''N. toxopei'' Edwards, 1926*''N. tricincta'' Alexander, 1921*''N. trilobulata'' Alexander, 1936*''N. triobtusa'' Alexander, 1969*''N. tripartita'' (Walker, 1861)*''N. triplasia'' (van der Wulp, 1885)*''N. triquetra'' Alexander, 1956*''N. tumidiverticalis'' Alexander, 1930*''N. tzitzikamae'' Alexander, 1964*''N. umbonis'' Alexander, 1964*''N. umbripennis'' Alexander, 1917*''N. unicingulata'' Alexander, 1917*''N. unicornis'' Alexander, 1961*''N. unisicata'' Alexander, 1969*''N. urocera'' (Dietz, 1918)*''N. usta'' (Osten Sacken, 1886)*''N. vana'' nigrovana Oosterbroek, 1985*''N. vana'' vana Oosterbroek, 1985*''N. variventris'' Edwards, 1932*''N. venusticeps'' Alexander, 1956*''N. vesta'' Alexander, 1949*''N. vicaria'' (Walker, 1848)*''N. villosa'' (Savchenko, 1973)*''N. vinsoniana'' Alexander, 1957*''N. violovitshi'' (Savchenko, 1967)*''N. virescens'' (Loew, 1864)*''N. virgata'' (Coquillett, 1898)*''N. vittula'' (Loew, 1864)*''N. walkeri'' Oosterbroek, 1986*''N. whiteheadi'' Edwards, 1933*''N. xanthoplaca'' Alexander, 1920*''N. xanthoplacodes'' Alexander, 1963*''N. xichangensis'' Yang & Yang, 1990*''N. xinjiangensis'' Yang & Yang, 1987*''N. xizangensis'' Yang & Yang, 1987*''N. zhejiangensis'' Yang & Yang, 1995
References