William Axon
Introduction '''William Edward Armytage Axon'''  (13 January 1846 – 27 December 1913) was an English librarian, antiquary and journalist for the ''Manchester Guardian''. He contributed to the ''Dictionary of National Biography'' under his initials W. E. A. A. He was also a notable vegetarianism activist.
Biography Anna Jane Vardill Niven frontispiece by AxonAxon was born in Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester. He was best known as an antiquary and a bibliographer, but his interests were extremely varied. As honorary secretary of the Manchester and Salford Sunday Society he took a prominent part in the agitation for the opening of the Manchester libraries on Sunday. Axon had begun life as a boy in the Manchester Reference Library, and was early drawn to literary pursuits. Later he wrote much on the folklore and historical associations of Lancashire and Cheshire, and the antiquaries of these counties made him their president. Besides this, as a member of the English Dialect Society Axon wrote many tales and sketches illustrating the dialect and customs of the county in which he lived.Axon married Jane Woods in 1866; they had three children. After Jane's death in 1899, he married Setta Lueft; they had one child.Axon was also the author of ''Cobden as a Citizen'' in 1907.He published his study of Anna Jane Vardill's poem that was a sequel to Coleridge's poem Christabel in 1908.It was claimed that she had not written it but based on new evidence he was able to assure the Royal Society of Literature that the poem had been written by her. Axon's second wife died in 1910.Axon for 30 years was on the literary staff of the ''Manchester Guardian'', and for his general literary work was distinguished by the University of Manchester, which conferred on him the honorary degree of Master of Arts in 1913.He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, an honorary LL.D. of Wilberforce University, and had contributed articles to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', ''Dictionary of National Biography'', ''American Encyclopædia'', and ''Notes and Queries''.Axon died at home on 27 December 1913 and was buried at St Paul's Church in Kersal, Manchester.
Vegetarianism Axon was an ardent vegetarian and member of the Anti-Tobacco League. He has been described as a "leading figure of thevegetarian movement." He was Vice-President and Hon. Secretary of the Vegetarian Society. Axon contributed articles on the history of vegetarianism to John Harvey Kellogg's ''Good Health'' journal. He was editor of the ''Vegetarian Messenger''.Axon wrote the preface for the 1884 edition of Percy Bysshe Shelley's ''A Vindication of Natural Diet''. He also authored ''Shelley's Vegetarianism'', in 1891.Historian Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska has noted that "Axon abhorred cruelty to animals and the degrading work of the 'slaughterman, reeking with blood and striking to death with remorseless blows a creature that shares with him the gift of life".
Bibliography *1877: ''Handbook of the Public Libraries of Manchester and Salford''. Manchester: Abel Heywood and Son. *1879:  ''John Ruskin: A Bibliographical Biography''. *1883:  ''Lancashire Gleanings''. *1884:  ''Cheshire Gleanings''. *1888:  ''Stray Chapters in Literature, Folk-lore, and Archaeology''. *1890:  ''Thomas Taylor, the Platonist''. *1891:   ''Shelley's Vegetarianism''. *1893:  ''The Literature of Vegetarianism''. *1897:  ''Bygone Sussex''. *1899:  ''Echoes of Old Lancashire''. *1899:  ''Ortensio Lando, a humorist of the Renaissance''*1907: ''Cobden as a Citizen''*1908: ''Anna Jane Vardill Niven''===Edited works===*1886: ''The Annals of Manchester: a chronological record from the earliest times to the end of 1885''. Manchester: J. Heywood, Deansgate and Ridgefield ("The volume now offered to the public, as a revised edition of the ''Manchester Historical Recorder'', is virtually a new work ...". - preface);  electronic version  * ''Collected sermons, 1631–1659'' of Thomas Fuller, Volume 1 edited by John Eglington Bailey. Completed by William E. A. Axon (1891)* ''Collected sermons, 1631–1659'' Volume 2 edited by John Eglington Bailey. Completed by William E. A. Axon (1891)===Contributions to the DNB===*Ashworth, John*Banks, George Linnaeus*Bellot, Thomas*Bennis, George Geary*Blythe, John Dean*Bowers, George Hull*Bradberry, David*Brandwood, James*Brittain, Thomas*Brooke, Henry*Brookes, Joshua*Brotherton, Edward*Bruen, John*Butterworth, James*Calvert, Charles*Calvert, Thomas*Canne, John *Castillo, John*Caw, John Young*Clayton, John (1754–1843)*Cole, Thomas (1628–1697)*Crestadoro, Andrea
Notes
References * Obituary: Dr. William Edward Armytage Axon in ''The Times'', December 30, 1913; Issue 40407; pg. 9; col B;Attribution*
External links * * * * *  William Axon papers at the John Rylands Library, University of Manchester.