List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1970–1979)
Introduction The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The recipients receive a ''Sanad'', a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26January) and registered in ''The Gazette of India''a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development. The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the ''Gazette''. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register; none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1970–1979 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute. The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion  in diameter and  thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of  side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter  is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband  in width with a broad white stripe in the middle. It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards.As the result of the 6th general election held in March 1977, Morarji Desai was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India on 24March 1977 replacing the Indira Gandhi led government of the Indian National Congress. On 31July, the newly formed government retracted all the civilian awards including the Padma Bhushan deeming them "worthless and politicized". After the 7th general election of 1980 Gandhi was again sworn in as the Prime Minister and all civilian awards were reinstated on 25January 1980.Consequently, this award was not presented in 1978 and 1979.A total of 205 awards were presented in the 1970s twenty-eight in 1970, followed by forty-one in 1971, fifty in 1972, seventeen in 1973, twenty-one in 1974, fifteen in 1975, sixteen in 1976 and seventeen in 1977.The Padma Bhushan in the 1970s was also conferred upon eight foreign recipients four from the United States, two from Italy, and one each from Belgium and the United Kingdom. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which includes forty-eight from literature and education, forty-three from civil services, thirty-four artists, twenty-six from science and engineering, twenty-one from social work, seventeen from medicine, twelve from trade and industry, three from public affairs, and one sportsperson. Novelist Khushwant Singh, who accepted the award in 1974 in the field of literature and education, returned it in 1984 as a notion of protest against the Operation Blue Star.
Recipients Kumari Kamala (awarded in 1970) is known for her classical Bharat Natyam dance performances on stage and in Hindi and Tamil films like ''Kismet'' (1943), ''Ram Rajya'' (1943) and ''Naam Iruvar'' (1948). She also performed at the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.Later in the late 1970s she took to teaching in the New York and New Jersey areas and was honoured with the National Heritage Fellowship (2010).Purushottam Kashinath Kelkar (awarded in 1970), an electrical engineer by qualification from the University of Liverpool is known for his works related to IIT Bombay (IITB) and IIT Kanpur (IITK). He collaborated with Soviet engineers as the chief planning officer of IITB in the early years of its establishment and later collaborated with nine American institutes headed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology to help establish IITK, becoming its first director. Regarded as the "doyenne of Kirana gharana", Gangubai Hangal (awarded in 1971) was a Hindustani classical singer and student of Sawai Gandharva. Her career spanned over eight decades and included singing for Marathi films, studio and radio recordings and various stage concerts.D. K. Pattammal (awarded in 1971) was one of the early Brahmin caste female singers to perform Carnatic music in public which was against social norms. Along with M. S. Subbulakshmi and M. L. Vasanthakumari, she was counted in "the classical triumvirate".Camille Bulcke (awarded in 1974) arrived in India in 1935 as a missionary of the Roman Catholic Church and with an interest in Indian philosophy and literature studied the Hindi language. Earning MA and D.Phil. from University of Allahabad on his subject ''Ramkatha: Utpatti aur Vikas'' (The tale of Rama: its origin and development), he further went on to write various Hindi-English dictionaries and glossary books and headed the Hindi department of St. Xavier's College, Ranchi.Mallikarjun Mansur (awarded in 1976) was an exponent of the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana of Hindustani classical music. Mansur was a recipient of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Hindustani Music (1971) and the Kalidas Samman from the Government of Madhya Pradesh (1981). He was elected the Fellow of the Sangeet Natak Akademi "for his eminence in the field of music and his contribution to its enrichment" in 1982.Scientist and educator Yash Pal (awarded in 1976) has worked on various projects implementing technological advances into telecommunication; the most notable being usage of satellite-based television for rural education. He has also held various administrative positions like being chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University. He also won the Marconi Prize in 1980.Known for his contributions to the development of space technology in the country, space scientist Udupi Ramachandra Rao (awarded in 1976) was the former chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (1984–1994). Rao became the first Indian Space Scientist to be inducted into the "Satellite Hall of Fame" by the Society of Satellite Professionals International and the International Astronautics Federation.Theoretical physicist E. C. George Sudarshan (awarded in 1976) is best known for his quantum optics theory popular as Glauber–Sudarshan P representation. While Roy J. Glauber received the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics, exclusion of Sudarshan for his contributions has met criticism.++ Key + List of Padma Bhushan award recipients, showing the year, field, and state/country Year Recipient Field State1970  Arts  West Bengal1970  Arts  Maharashtra1970 Literature & Education 	 West Bengal1970  Civil Service  Andhra Pradesh1970  Literature & Education 	 West Bengal1970  Literature & Education 	 Tamil Nadu1970  Literature & Education	  Delhi1970  Public Affairs	  Haryana1970  Literature & Education	  Delhi1970  Literature & Education	  Andhra Pradesh1970  Social Work 	 Maharashtra1970  Arts  Tamil Nadu1970  Literature & Education 	 Maharashtra1970  Science & Engineering	  Tamil Nadu1970  Literature & Education	  Andhra Pradesh1970  Public Affairs	  Madhya Pradesh1970  Medicine  Uttar Pradesh1970  Arts  West Bengal1970  Literature & Education	  West Bengal1970  Science & Engineering	  Tamil Nadu1970  Civil Service	  Andhra Pradesh1970  Social Work  Maharashtra1970  Social Work Delhi1970  Literature & Education	  Andhra Pradesh1970  Arts  Uttar Pradesh1970  Civil Service  Maharashtra1970  Civil Service  Delhi1970  Literature & Education  Punjab1971  Social Work  Tamil Nadu1971  Literature & Education  Chandigarh1971  Social Work  Rajasthan1971  Arts  Gujarat1971 Civil Service  West Bengal1971 Literature & Education  Kerala1971 Trade & Industry  West Bengal1971 Trade & Industry  Maharashtra1971 Science & Engineering  Karnataka1971 Trade & Industry  Maharashtra1971 Arts  Karnataka1971 Arts  Tamil Nadu1971 Arts  Tamil Nadu1971 Literature & Education	  Delhi1971 Social Work  Delhi1971 Literature & Education  Madhya Pradesh1971 Arts  Punjab1971 Literature & Education 	 Maharashtra1971 Arts  Maharashtra1971 Arts  Uttar Pradesh1971 Arts  Kerala1971 Arts  Maharashtra1971 Medicine  Maharashtra1971 Trade & Industry  Uttar Pradesh1971 Trade & Industry  West Bengal1971 Medicine  Madhya Pradesh1971 Medicine  Bihar1971 Literature & Education  Odisha1971 Trade & Industry  Madhya Pradesh1971 Arts  Tamil Nadu1971 Arts  Maharashtra1971 Literature & Education  Tamil Nadu1971 Medicine  Tamil Nadu1971 Trade & Industry  West Bengal1971 Science & Engineering 1971 Arts  Tamil Nadu1971 Social Work  Maharashtra1971 Medicine  Delhi1971 Literature & Education  Uttar Pradesh1971 Civil Service  Chandigarh1971 Civil Service  Delhi1972 Civil Service  Delhi1972 Social Work  Maharashtra1972 Civil Service  Delhi1972 Civil Service  Karnataka1972 Social Work  Maharashtra1972 Civil Service  Delhi1972 Science & Engineering  West Bengal1972 Literature & Education  Chandigarh1972 Social Work  Karnataka1972 Social Work  Delhi1972 Civil Service  Punjab1972 Civil Service  Gujarat1972 Civil Service  West Bengal1972 Civil Service  Maharashtra1972 Civil Service  Karnataka1972 Medicine  Maharashtra1972 Science & Engineering  Kerala1972 Civil Service  Punjab1972 Civil Service  Uttar Pradesh1972 Civil Service  Tamil Nadu1972 Civil Service  Punjab1972 Civil Service  Punjab1972 Civil Service  Maharashtra1972 Civil Service  Delhi1972 Civil Service  Karnataka1972 Arts  Maharashtra1972 Science & Engineering  Maharashtra1972 Literature & Education  Maharashtra1972 Medicine  Maharashtra1972 Civil Service  Jammu & Kashmir1972 Trade & Industry  Delhi1972 Science & Engineering  Punjab1972 Literature & Education  Karnataka1972 Science & Engineering  Delhi1972 Science & Engineering  Andhra Pradesh1972 Medicine  West Bengal1972 Civil Service  Madhya Pradesh1972 Civil Service  Chandigarh1972 Medicine  Maharashtra1972 Medicine  Delhi1972 Civil Service  Punjab1972 Civil Service  Punjab1972 Civil Service  Punjab1972 Arts  Bihar1972 Arts  Tamil Nadu1972 Civil Service 1972 Science & Engineering  Tamil Nadu1972 Literature & Education  Delhi1972 Science & Engineering  Maharashtra1972 Trade & Industry  Andhra Pradesh1973 Science & Engineering 1973 Arts  Kerala1973 Social Work  Maharashtra1973 Literature & Education  Andhra Pradesh1973 Literature & Education  Uttar Pradesh1973 Trade & Industry  Tamil Nadu1973 Arts  Delhi1973 Literature & Education  Kerala1973 Social Work  Rajasthan1973 Sports  Gujarat1973 Civil Service  West Bengal1973 Civil Service  Karnataka1973 Arts  Madhya Pradesh1973 Civil Service  Uttar Pradesh1973 Social Work  Andhra Pradesh1973 Science & Engineering  Tamil Nadu1973 Literature & Education  Kerala1974 Arts 1974 Literature & Education 	1974 Medicine  Uttar Pradesh1974 Science & Engineering  Maharashtra1974 Arts  West Bengal1974 Literature & Education  Karnataka1974 Literature & Education  Maharashtra1974 Arts  West Bengal1974 Arts  Maharashtra1974 Literature & Education  Maharashtra1974 Science & Engineering  Delhi1974 Arts  Andhra Pradesh1974 Social Work  Andaman & Nicobar Islands1974 Science & Engineering  Tamil Nadu1974 Literature & Education	  Gujarat1974 Civil Service  Maharashtra1974 Literature & Education  West Bengal1974 Science & Engineering  Uttar Pradesh1974 Literature & Education  Punjab1974 Science & Engineering  Karnataka1974 Medicine  Tamil Nadu1975 Arts  Uttar Pradesh1975 Science & Engineering 1975 Science & Engineering  West Bengal1975 Science & Engineering	  Maharashtra1975 Literature & Education 	 West Bengal1975 Science & Engineering	  Maharashtra1975 Medicine  Maharashtra1975 Civil Service  Delhi1975 Civil Service	 Tamil Nadu1975 Literature & Education 	 Maharashtra1975 Literature & Education	  Bihar1975 Literature & Education 	 Punjab1975 Trade & Industry  Maharashtra1975 Civil Service  Madhya Pradesh1975 Social Work  Rajasthan1976 Civil Service	  Tamil Nadu1976 Literature & Education 	 Maharashtra1976 Literature & Education	  Assam1976 Trade & Industry  Maharashtra1976 Literature & Education	  Maharashtra1976 Social Work	 Andhra Pradesh1976 Arts  Karnataka1976 Civil Service	  Delhi1976 Science & Engineering 	 Punjab1976 Social Work  Rajasthan1976 Science & Engineering	  Karnataka1976 Medicine  Tamil Nadu1976 Literature & Education	  Andhra Pradesh1976 Civil Service	  West Bengal1976 Civil Service 	 Delhi1976 Literature & Education 	1977 Literature & Education  Delhi1977 Public Affairs  Chandigarh1977 Literature & Education 1977 Arts  Madhya Pradesh1977 Social Work  West Bengal1977 Civil Service  Delhi1977 Literature & Education  Uttar Pradesh1977 Literature & Education	  Delhi1977 Social Work  Delhi1977 Arts  Maharashtra1977 Arts  Maharashtra1977Medicine  Tamil Nadu1977 Medicine  Andhra Pradesh1977 Arts 	Uttar Pradesh1977 Social Work	 Delhi1977 Science & Engineering	  Karnataka1977 Literature & Education  Tamil Nadu
Explanatory notes ;Non-citizen recipients;Posthumous recipients
References
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