HMS Shelburne (1813)
Introduction '''HMS ''Shelburne''''' was the American letter of marque schooner ''Racer'', built in Baltimore in 1811 and captured by the British in 1813.She served on the American coast, capturing the American brig ''Frolic''. She also captured some merchantmen and was sold in Britain in 1817.
Letter of Marque ''Racer'' commissioned in August 1812, under Captain Daniel Chaytor and first lieutenant Thomas West. She was a trader, and made one voyage to Bordeaux, leaving Baltimore in August 1812 and returning in January 1813 with a cargo of brandy, dry goods, and the like. She sailed for Bordeaux again in March, with a cargo of coffee, cotton, and sugar.
Battle of Rappahannock River On 13 April 1813, Sir John Borlase Warren's squadron, consisting of , , , , , ''Mohawk'' and  pursued four schooners into the Rappahannock River in Virginia. The British sent 17 boats 15 miles upriver before capturing their prey.One of the schooners, ''Dolphin'', had been on a privateering cruise; consequently she carried 98 men and 12 guns. Under her captain, W.S. Stafford, she fought for some two hours before she struck. In the action the British reported they lost two killed and eleven wounded. American newspapers at first claimed that the British had lost 50 men, later reporting that British losses were two boats sunk with nineteen killed and forty wounded. Stafford placed his losses at six killed and ten wounded.The British took at least three of the schooners into service. There was already an  in service so ''Racer'', of six guns and 36 men, became ''Shelburne''. ''Lynx'' became . retained her name and became a tender commanded by a Lieutenant George Hutchinson. Lastly, it is not clear what became of ''Arab'', of seven guns and 45 men, which too had put up some resistance. It was difficult for the British to free ''Arab'' and though they eventually succeeded, the vessel was apparently badly damaged and was not commissioned for British service. She was taken to Halifax where the Vice-Admiralty Court condemned her as a prize. In July 1814, prize money remitted from Halifax for ''Racer'', ''Lynx'', ''Arab'' and a number of other vessels, was paid. On 29 April 1813, boats from ''Dolphin'', together with boats from ''Mohawk'', ''Fantome'', ''Highflyer'' and ''Racer'', which had not yet been renamed, went up the Chesapeake Bay  to Frenchtown to destroy five American ships and stores; they also purchased provisions for the squadron from the locals. This took until 3 May 1813 to complete. On the way back, a battery fired on the British from the shore; a landing party destroyed the battery. The Admiralty would later issue the clasp "April & May Boat Service 1813" for the Naval General Service Medal for the action.
British service The Admiralty bought ''Racer'' for £1,940.11.5d (amended figure) and the British named her for the town of Shelburne, Nova Scotia, commissioning her under Lieutenant David Hope. They also armed her with ten 12-pounder carronades and two 6-pounder guns.During 1813 ''Shelburne'' captured at least three merchant vessels. *26 August: recaptured the ''Eliza''. *11 October: captured the ''Margelt''. *12 October: captured the ''Fanny''.On 4 March 1814  and ''Shelburne'' sailed with a small convoy for Bermuda and the West Indies. Two days later they ran into a gale that scattered the vessels. Some, such as  were delayed in their arrival at Bermuda.After the two warships parted ways, ''Epervier'' encountered the . The subsequent engagement resulted in the capture of ''Epervier''.Having left ''Epervier'', ''Shelburne'' joined the frigate ''Orpheus''. Together, on 20 Apr 1814, they captured the 18-gun sloop USS ''Frolic''. Outnumbered and outgunned, ''Frolic'' beat away to southward, making for the coast of Cuba. During the six-hour chase, ''Frolics'' men labored to lighten their ship. They cut away the starboard anchor and cast overboard the guns mounted on her port side. Eventually, Hope, seeing ''Frolic'' heel and realizing that she was unarmed on her port side, came up prepared to fire a broadside on ''Frolic''s unarmed side. ''Frolic'' surrendered to ''Shelburne'' as ''Orpheus'' approached; by this time the vessels were about 15 miles off Matanzas. The British took ''Frolic'' into service as ''Florida''. She had been armed with two long 18-pounder guns and twenty 32-pounder carronades. The 18-pounder still on her turned out to be of British make and may have come from ''Macedonian''.The subsequent court martial acquitted ''Frolic's'' commander, Joseph Bainbridge, his officers and his crew, of the loss of his ship. Hope was promoted to commander in June, but remained with ''Shelburne''.In October Lieutenant William Hamilton assumed command temporarily, while Hope served as an aide to Admiral Alexander Cochrane in . Thereafter, ''Shelburne'' served in the blockade of New Orleans and assisted the Creek Indians who were British allies. In 1821, under the rules of prize-money, she shared in the distribution of head-money arising from the capture of American gun-boats and sundry bales of cotton at the Battle of Lake Borgne on 14 December 1814.In February 1815 ''Shelburne'' and , which was also a former American privateer, cruised off the Florida coast north of Havana.
Fate On 22 June 1816 ''Shelburne'' arrived at Deptford. In October 1817 she was sold to Mr. Brown for £600.
Notes
Citations
References * * * Garitee, Jerome R. (1977) ''The Republic's private navy : the American privateering business as practiced by Baltimore during the War of 1812''. (Middletown, Conn.: Published for Mystic Seaport by Wesleyan University Press). * * * *
External links *Phillips, Michael - ''Age of Nelson - HMS Shelburne''