Religion in the Punjab
Introduction '''Religion in the Punjab''' in ancient history was characterized by Hinduism and later conversions to Jainism, Buddhism, Islam, Sikhism and Christianity; it also includes folk practices common to all Punjabis regardless of the religion they adhere to. Such practices incorporate local mysticism, including ancestral worship and worship of local saints of all faiths.
Background Rig Veda is the oldest Hindu text that originated in the Punjab region.Hinduism is the oldest of the religions practised by Punjabi people, however, the term ''Hindu'' was applied over a vast territory with much regional diversity. The historical Vedic religion constituted the religious ideas and practices in the Punjab during the Vedic period (1500–500 BCE), centered primarily in the worship of Indra. The bulk of the Rigveda was composed in the Punjab region between circa 1500 and 1200 BC, while later Vedic scriptures were composed more eastwards, between the Yamuna and Ganges rivers. An ancient Indian law book called the Manusmriti, developed by Brahmin Hindu priests, shaped Punjabi religious life from 200 BC onward. Later, the spread of Buddhisim and Jainism in the Indian subcontinent saw the growth of Buddhism and Jainism in the Punjab. Islam was introduced via southern Punjab in the 8th century, becoming the majority by the 16th century, via local conversion. There was a small Jain community left in Punjab by the 16th century, while the Buddhist community had largely disappeared by the turn of the 10th century. The region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs (shrines) dot the landscape of the Punjab region. The rise of Sikhism in the 1700s saw some Punjabis, both Hindu and Muslim, accepting the new Sikh faith. A number of Punjabis during the colonial period of India became Christians, with all of these religions characterizing the religious diversity now found in the Punjab region.
History === Ancient period ===The Persians were the first to use the term ''Hindu'', referring to a vast territory containing much regional variety in belief and practice. Nevertheless, the common concept was the belief in cycles of reincarnation, or sansār, and was the oldest recorded religion in the region. While law books like the Manusmriti codified socio-religious customs and were sanctified by the Hindu religion, such books more generally influenced the formation of broader traditional societal beliefs.=== Medieval period ===Sikhism appeared in the 16th century, in reaction to both Punjabi and subcontinent-wide cultural practices of the time, including asceticism, the caste system, and female subordination, as well as in congruence with it, sharing precepts with Hinduism, including ''karma'', ''sansār'', and liberation, and that with Islam, including a formless God, rejection of idolatry, and social equality. It also developed its own distinct doctrines, including the belief that both intrinsic factors (egocentrism, to be ameliorated through devotion and prayer), and external forces (social and political oppression, to be addressed by community service and armed self-defense as needed, and balancing spiritual and temporal power in the world as opposed to renunciation), produced suffering.=== Modern period ===During the colonial era, the practice of religious syncretism among Punjabi Muslims and Punjabi Hindus was noted and documented by officials in census reports:
Punjab region === Colonial era ===+Population trends for major religious groups in the Punjab Province of the British India (1881–1941) Religiousgroup Population % 1881 Population % 1891 Population % 1901 Population % 1911 Population % 1921 Population % 1931 Population % 1941 Islam 47.6%  47.8%  49.6%  51.1%  51.1%  52.4% 53.2% Hinduism 43.8%  43.6%  41.3%  35.8%  35.1%  31.7%  30.1% Sikhism 8.2%  8.2%  8.6%  12.1%  12.4%  14.3%  14.9% Christianity 0.1%  0.2%  0.3%  0.8%  1.3%  1.5%  1.5% Other religions / No religion 0.3%  0.2%  0.2%  0.2%  0.1%  0.1%  0.3%+ Religious groups in Punjab Province (1921–1941)Religiousgroup192119311941 Islam 15px 12,813,383  14,929,896  18,259,744  Hinduism 15px 8,799,651  9,018,509  10,336,549  Sikhism 15px 3,107,296  4,071,624  5,116,185  Christianity 15px 332,939  419,353  512,466  Jainism 15px 41,321  43,140  45,475  Buddhism 15px 5,912  7,753  854  Zoroastrianism 15px 526  569  4,359  Judaism 15px 19  13  39  Others 13  0  34,190  Total population 25,101,060  28,490,857  34,309,861 === Modern era ===+ Religious groups in the Punjab Region (2011 Census of India & 2017 Census of Pakistan)ReligiousgroupPunjabRegionPunjab(Pakistan)Punjab (India)HaryanaDelhiHimachalPradeshIslamabadChandigarhTotalPopulationPercentage Islam 15px 114,130,322  107,541,602  535,489  1,781,342  2,158,684  149,881  1,911,877  51,447  Hinduism 15px 54,159,083  211,641  10,678,138  22,171,128  13,712,100  6,532,765  737  852,574  Sikhism 15px 18,037,312    16,004,754  1,243,752  570,581  79,896    138,329  Christianity 15px  2,715,952  2,063,063  348,230  50,353  146,093  12,646  86,847  8,720  Jainism 15px  267,649    45,040  52,613  166,231  1,805    1,960  Ahmadiyya 15px 160,759  158,021          2,738    Buddhism 15px 139,019    33,237  7,514  18,449  78,659    1,160  Others 185,720  15,328  98,450  44,760  15,803  8,950  1,169  1,260  Total population 189,795,816  109,989,655  27,743,338  25,351,462  16,787,941  6,864,602  2,003,368  1,055,450
West & East Punjab + Religion in West Punjab (1921–1941)Religiousgroup192119311941 Islam 15px 8,975,288 10,570,029 13,022,160 Hinduism 15px 1,797,141 1,957,878 2,373,466 Sikhism 15px 863,091 1,180,789 1,520,112 Christianity 15px 247,030 324,730 395,311 Jainism 15px 5,930 6,921 9,520 Zoroastrianism 15px 309 413 312 Buddhism 15px 172 32 87 Judaism 15px 16 6 7 Others 8 0 19,128 Total Population 11,888,985 14,040,798 17,340,103  + Religion in East Punjab (1921–1941)Religiousgroup192119311941 Hinduism 15px 7,002,510 7,060,631 7,963,083 Islam 15px 3,838,095 4,359,867 5,237,584 Sikhism 15px 2,244,205 2,890,835 3,596,073 Christianity 15px 85,909 94,623 117,155 Jainism 15px 35,391 36,219 35,955 Buddhism 15px 5,740 7,721 767 Zoroastrianism 15px 217 156 4,047 Judaism 15px 3 7 32 Others 5 0 15,062 Total Population 13,212,075 14,450,059 16,969,758
Subregions Following the creation of the North-West Frontier Province in 1901, the Punjab region (Punjab Province) was divided into four natural geographical divisions by colonial officials on the decadal census data:# '''''Indo−Gangetic Plain West geographical division''''' (including Hisar district, Loharu State, Rohtak district, Dujana State, Gurgaon district, Pataudi State, Delhi, Karnal district, Jalandhar district, Kapurthala State, Ludhiana district, Malerkotla State, Firozpur district, Faridkot State, Patiala State, Jind State, Nabha State, Lahore District, Amritsar district, Gujranwala District, and Sheikhupura District);# '''''Himalayan geographical division''''' (including Sirmoor State, Simla District, Simla Hill States, Bilaspur State, Kangra district, Mandi State, Suket State, and Chamba State);# '''''Sub−Himalayan geographical division''''' (including Ambala district, Kalsia State, Hoshiarpur district, Gurdaspur district, Sialkot District, Gujrat District, Jhelum District, Rawalpindi District, and Attock District);# '''''North−West Dry Area geographical division''''' (including Montgomery District, Shahpur District, Mianwali District, Lyallpur District, Jhang District, Multan District, Bahawalpur State, Muzaffargarh District, Dera Ghazi Khan District, and the Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract).Throughout history, religious diversity has been noted across the Punjab region. During the colonial era, the various districts and princely states that made up each of the four geographical divisions were religiously eclectic, each containing significant populations of Punjabi Muslims, Punjabi Hindus, Punjabi Sikhs, Punjabi Christians, along with other ethnic and religious minorities.However, between the censuses of 1941 and 1951, a sudden shift towards religious homogeneity occurred in all districts across Punjab owing to the new international border that cut through the province due to the partition of India in 1947.This rapid demographic shift was primarily as a consequence of wide scale migration but also caused by large-scale religious cleansing riots which were witnessed across the region at the time. According to historical demographer Tim Dyson, in the eastern regions of Punjab that ultimately became Indian Punjab following independence, districts that were 66% Hindu in 1941 became 80% Hindu in 1951; those that were 20% Sikh became 50% Sikh in 1951.Conversely, in the western regions of Punjab that ultimately became Pakistani Punjab, all districts became almost exclusively Muslim by 1951.=== Indo−Gangetic Plain West geographical division ===Including Hisar district, Loharu State, Rohtak district, Dujana State, Gurgaon district, Pataudi State, Delhi, Karnal district, Jalandhar district, Kapurthala State, Ludhiana district, Malerkotla State, Firozpur district, Faridkot State, Patiala State, Jind State, Nabha State, Lahore District, Amritsar district, Gujranwala District, and Sheikhupura District.+ Religion in the Indo−Gangetic Plain West geographical division of Punjab Province (1901—1941)ReligionPercentage 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 Hinduism 15px 43.79%  42.62%  41.37%  36.59% 34.42% Islam 15px  37.36%  37.81%  38.0%  39.72%  40.47%  Sikhism 15px 18.35%  18.73%  19.10%  21.88%  22.37%  Christianity 15px 0.18%  0.51%  1.22%  1.54%  1.60%  Jainism 15px 0.32%  0.33%  0.29%  0.27%  0.23% ==== Districts & Princely States ====+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the Indo−Gangetic Plain West geographical division (1941)District/Princely StateIslam 15pxHinduism 15px Sikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Hisar District 285,208  652,842  60,731  1,292  6,126  510  1,006,709  Loharu State 3,960  23,923  7  2  0  0  27,892  Rohtak District 166,569  780,474  1,466  1,043  6,847  0  956,399  Dujana State 6,939  23,727  0  0  0  0  30,666  Gurgaon District 285,992  560,537  637  1,673  2,613  6  851,458  Pataudi State 3,655  17,728  0  9  128  0  21,520  Karnal District 304,346  666,301  19,887  1,249  2,789  3  994,575  Jalandhar District 509,804  311,010  298,741  6,233  1,395  7  1,127,190  Kapurthala State 213,754  61,546  88,350  1,667  380  12,683  378,380  Ludhiana District 302,482  171,715  341,175  1,913  1,279  51  818,615  Malerkotla State 33,881  23,482  30,320  116  310  0  88,109  Firozpur District 641,448  287,733  479,486  12,607  1,674  128  1,423,076  Faridkot State 61,352  21,814  115,070  247  800  0  199,283  Patiala State 436,539  597,488  896,021  1,592  3,101  1,518  1,936,259  Jind State 50,972  268,355  40,981  161  1,294  49  361,812  Nabha State 70,373  146,518  122,451  221  480  1  344,044  Lahore District 1,027,772  284,689  310,646  70,147  1,951  170  1,695,375  Amritsar District 657,695  217,431  510,845  25,973  1,911  21  1,413,876  Gujranwala District 642,706  108,115  99,139  60,829  1,445  0  912,234  Sheikhupura District 542,344  89,182  160,706  60,054  221  1  852,508  Total 6,247,791  5,314,610  3,454,208  247,028  34,744  15,148  15,439,980 + Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the Indo−Gangetic Plain West geographical division (1931)District/Princely StateIslam 15pxHinduism 15px Sikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Hisar District 253,784  583,429  55,169  1,107  5,988  2  899,479  Loharu State 3,119  20,198  2  1  18  0  23,338  Rohtak District 137,880  655,963  596  4,807  6,375  0  805,621  Dujana State 5,863  22,347  1  5  0  0  28,216  Gurgaon District 242,357  493,174  500  1,463  2,665  4  740,163  Pataudi State 3,168  15,596  1  3  105  0  18,873  Karnal District 259,730  570,297  16,928  1,469  4,190  0  852,614  Jalandhar District 419,556  268,822  249,571  4,323  1,379  70  943,721  Kapurthala State 179,251  64,319  72,177  983  27  0  316,757  Ludhiana District 235,598  120,161  312,829  2,477  1,419  10  672,494  Malerkotla State 31,417  21,252  28,982  135  1,286  0  83,072  Firozpur District 515,430  244,688  388,108  7,070  1,411  25  1,156,732  Faridkot State 49,912  20,855  92,880  167  550  0  164,364  Patiala State 363,920  623,597  632,972  1,449  3,578  4  1,625,520  Jind State 46,002  243,561  33,290  210  1,613  0  324,676  Nabha State 57,393  132,354  97,452  66  309  0  287,574  Lahore District 815,820  259,725  244,304  57,097  1,450  174  1,378,570  Amritsar District 524,676  174,556  399,951  16,619  1,272  46  1,117,120  Gujranwala District 521,343  92,764  71,595  49,364  1,071  1  736,138  Sheikhupura District 445,996  81,887  119,477  49,266  100  6  696,732  Total 5,112,215  4,709,545  2,816,785  198,081  34,806  342  12,871,774 + Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the Indo−Gangetic Plain West geographical division (1921)District/Princely StateHinduism 15pxIslam 15pxSikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Hisar District 548,351  215,943  45,615  1,024  5,874  3  816,810  Loharu State 17,978  2,625  0  0  18  0  20,621  Rohtak District 629,592  125,035  602  10,033  7,010  0  772,272  Dujana State 20,135  5,698  0  0  0  0  25,833  Gurgaon District 460,134  216,860  924  1,316  2,762  7  682,003  Pataudi State 15,090  2,898  0  0  109  0  18,097  Karnal District 573,224  235,618  12,280  3,382  4,222  0  828,726  Jalandhar District 244,995  366,586  206,130  4,088  736  9  822,544  Kapurthala State 58,412  160,457  64,074  1,100  228  4  284,275  Ludhiana District 135,512  192,961  235,721  1,613  1,796  19  567,622  Malerkotla State 29,459  28,413  21,828  37  585  0  80,322  Firozpur District 306,350  482,540  302,761  5,365  1,211  21  1,098,248  Faridkot State 38,610  44,813  66,658  107  473  0  150,661  Patiala State 642,055  330,341  522,675  1,395  3,249  24  1,499,739  Jind State 234,721  43,251  28,026  637  1,548  0  308,183  Nabha State 133,870  50,756  78,389  41  278  0  263,334  Lahore District 255,690  647,640  179,975  46,454  1,209  368  1,131,336  Amritsar District 204,435  423,724  287,004  12,773  1,375  63  929,374  Gujranwala District 101,566  443,147  50,802  27,308  754  4  623,581  Sheikhupura District 85,781  330,880  82,965  23,431  78  0  523,135  Total 4,735,960  4,350,186  2,186,429  140,104  33,515  522  11,446,716 === Himalayan geographical division ===Including Sirmoor State, Simla District, Simla Hill States, Bilaspur State, Kangra district, Mandi State, Suket State, and Chamba State.+ Religion in the Himalayan geographical division of Punjab Province (1901—1941)ReligionPercentage 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 Hinduism 15px 94.60%  94.53%  94.50%  94.42% 94.76% Islam 15px  4.53%  4.30%  4.46%  4.52%  4.30%  Sikhism 15px 0.23%  0.46%  0.44%  0.49%  0.60%  Christianity 15px 0.20%  0.26%  0.26%  0.14%  0.10%  Jainism 15px 0.03%  0.02%  0.02%  0.02%  0.02% ==== Districts & Princely States ====+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the Himalayan geographical division (1941)District/Princely StateHinduism 15pxIslam 15px Sikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Sirmoor State 146,199  7,374  2,334  38  81  0  156,026  Simla District 29,466  7,022  1,032  934  114  8  38,576  Simla Hill States 345,716  10,812  2,693  161  126  12  359,520  Bilaspur State 108,375  1,498  453  7  3  0  110,336  Kangra District 846,531  43,249  4,809  788  101  3,899  899,377  Mandi State 227,463  4,328  583  11  0  208  232,593  Suket State 69,974  884  234  0  0  0  71,092  Chamba State 155,910  12,318  107  190  0  383  168,908  Total 1,929,634  87,485  12,245  2,129  425  4,510  2,036,428 + Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the Himalayan geographical division (1931)District/Princely StateHinduism 15pxIslam 15px Sikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Sirmoor State 139,031  7,020  2,413  52  52  0  148,568  Simla District 28,661  5,810  760  1,540  1  14  36,786  Simla Hill States 317,390  10,017  1,817  176  141  1,309  330,850  Bilaspur State 99,023  1,458  507  6  0  0  100,994  Kangra District 752,098  40,483  2,396  576  94  5,665  801,312  Mandi State 199,935  6,351  899  141  0  139  207,465  Suket State 57,616  733  44  1  0  14  58,408  Chamba State 135,254  10,839  112  94  3  568  146,870  Total 1,729,008  82,711  8,948  2,586  291  7,709  1,831,253 + Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the Himalayan geographical division (1921)District/Princely StateHinduism 15pxIslam 15px Sikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Nahan State 132,431  6,449  1,449  44  65  10  140,448  Simla District 33,228  6,953  1,173  3,823  90  60  45,327  Simla Hill States 292,768  9,551  2,040  164  142  2,053  306,718  Bilaspur State 96,000  1,559  437  4  0  0  98,000  Kangra District 722,277  38,263  2,083  363  56  3,023  766,065  Mandi State 181,358  3,462  142  10  0  76  185,048  Suket State 53,625  659  44  0  0  0  54,328  Chamba State 130,489  10,529  242  63  3  541  141,867  Total 1,642,176  77,425  7,610  4,471  356  5,763  1,737,801 === Sub−Himalayan geographical division ===Including Ambala district, Kalsia State, Hoshiarpur district, Gurdaspur district, Sialkot District, Gujrat District, Jhelum District, Rawalpindi District, and Attock District.+ Religion in the Sub−Himalayan geographical division of Punjab Province (1901—1941)ReligionPercentage 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 Islam 15px  60.62%  61.19%  61.44%  61.99%  62.32%  Hinduism 15px 33.09%  27.36%  26.66%  24.20% 23.60% Sikhism 15px 5.68%  9.74%  9.78%  11.65%  11.89%  Christianity 15px 0.48%  1.59%  2.01%  2.05%  2.04%  Jainism 15px 0.12%  0.12%  0.12%  0.11%  0.12% ==== Districts & Princely States ====+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the Sub−Himalayan geographical division (1941)District/Princely StateIslam 15pxHinduism 15pxSikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Ambala District 268,999  412,658  156,543  6,065  3,065  415  847,745  Kalsia State 25,049  29,866  12,235  55  188  0  67,393  Hoshiarpur District 380,759  584,080  198,194  6,165  1,125  0  1,170,323  Gurdaspur District 589,923  290,774  221,261  51,522  25  6  1,153,511  Sialkot District 739,218  231,319  139,409  75,831  3,250  1,470  1,190,497  Gujrat District 945,609  84,643  70,233  4,449  10  8  1,104,952  Jhelum District 563,033  40,888  24,680  893  159  5  629,658  Rawalpindi District 628,193  82,478  64,127  9,014  1,337  82  785,231  Attock District 611,128  43,209  20,120  1,392  13  13  675,875  Total 4,751,911  1,799,915  906,802  155,386  9,172  1,999  7,625,185 + Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the Sub−Himalayan geographical division (1931)District/Princely StateIslam 15pxHinduism 15pxSikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Ambala District 230,837  346,809  155,555  7,141  2,550  10  742,902  Kalsia State 21,797  28,832  9,035  22  162  0  59,848  Hoshiarpur District 328,078  526,182  173,147  3,764  1,016  0  1,032,187  Gurdaspur District 493,216  255,949  178,471  43,243  15  4  970,898  Sialkot District 609,633  206,421  94,955  66,365  2,236  7  979,617  Gujrat District 786,750  73,356  59,188  3,097  32  4  922,427  Jhelum District 482,097  36,068  22,030  672  209  0  541,076  Rawalpindi District 524,965  59,485  41,265  7,486  1,077  79  634,357  Attock District 531,793  31,932  19,522  710  2  1  583,960  Total 4,009,166  1,565,034  753,168  132,500  7,299  105  6,467,272 + Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the Sub−Himalayan geographical division (1921)District/Princely StateIslam 15pxHinduism 15pxSikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Ambala District 205,750  370,125  97,614  5,679  2,272  37  681,477  Kalsia State 20,394  28,769  8,014  4  190  0  57,371  Hoshiarpur District 289,298  500,339  132,958  3,745  1,079  0  927,419  Gurdaspur District 422,877  258,823  137,625  32,832  20  15  852,192  Sialkot District 580,532  217,912  74,939  62,266  2,147  27  937,823  Gujrat District 709,684  62,529  49,456  2,373  4  0  824,046  Jhelum District 422,979  34,837  18,626  430  195  1  477,068  Rawalpindi District 470,038  57,185  31,718  9,286  954  43  569,224  Attock District 465,694  26,184  19,809  557  5  0  512,249  Total 3,587,246  1,556,703  570,759  117,172  6,866  123  5,838,869 === North−West Dry Area geographical division ===Including Montgomery District, Shahpur District, Mianwali District, Lyallpur District, Jhang District, Multan District, Bahawalpur State, Muzaffargarh District, Dera Ghazi Khan District, and the Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract.+ Religion in the North−West Dry Area geographical division of Punjab Province (1901—1941)ReligionPercentage 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 Islam 15px  79.01%  80.00%  78.95%  78.22%  77.86%  Hinduism 15px 17.84%  13.58%  14.23%  13.86% 14.03% Sikhism 15px 2.91%  5.62%  5.64%  6.73%  6.74%  Christianity 15px 0.23%  0.79%  1.17%  1.18%  1.17%  Jainism 15px 0.01%  0.01%  0.01%  0.01%  0.01% ==== Districts & Princely States ====+ Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the North−West Dry Area geographical division (1941)District/Princely StateIslam 15pxHinduism 15pxSikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Montgomery District 918,564  210,966  175,064  24,432  49  28  1,329,103  Shahpur District 835,918  102,172  48,046  12,770  13  2  998,921  Mianwali District 436,260  62,814  6,865  358  23  1  506,321  Lyallpur District 877,518  204,059  262,737  51,948  35  8  1,396,305  Jhang District 678,736  129,889  12,238  763  5  0  821,631  Multan District 1,157,911  249,872  61,628  14,290  552  80  1,484,333  Muzaffargarh District 616,074  90,643  5,882  227  0  23  712,849  Dera Ghazi Khan District 512,678  67,407  1,072  87  106  0  581,350  Bahawalpur State 1,098,814  174,408  46,945  3,048  351  17,643  1,341,209  Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract 40,084  160  2  0  0  0  40,246  Total 7,172,557  1,292,390  620,479  107,923  1,134  17,785  9,212,268 + Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the North−West Dry Area geographical division (1931)District/Princely StateIslam 15pxHinduism 15pxSikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Montgomery District 697,542  136,783  148,155  17,245  38  9  999,772  Shahpur District 679,546  90,561  40,074  11,294  14  1  821,490  Mianwali District 357,109  49,794  4,231  380  20  5  411,539  Lyallpur District 720,996  173,344  211,391  45,518  95  7  1,151,351  Jhang District 552,853  102,990  8,476  494  0  20  664,833  Multan District 942,937  182,029  39,453  9,924  440  117  1,174,900  Muzaffargarh District 513,265  72,577  5,287  246  0  0  591,375  Dera Ghazi Khan District 432,911  57,217  760  31  125  0  491,044  Bahawalpur State 799,176  149,454  34,896  1,054  12  20  984,612  Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract 29,469  173  0  0  0  0  29,642  Total 5,725,804  1,014,922  492,723  86,186  744  179  7,320,558 + Religion in the Districts & Princely States of the North−West Dry Area geographical division (1921)District/Princely StateIslam 15pxHinduism 15pxSikhism 15pxChristianity 15pxJainism 15pxOthersTotal Montgomery District 513,055  94,791  95,520  10,408  12  0  713,786  Shahpur District 596,100  82,182  30,361  11,270  3  2  719,918  Mianwali District 308,876  45,974  2,986  369  0  0  358,205  Lyallpur District 594,917  181,488  160,821  42,004  231  2  979,463  Jhang District 475,388  85,339  9,376  449  7  0  570,559  Multan District 731,605  134,013  18,562  6,006  28  50  890,264  Muzaffargarh District 493,369  69,878  4,869  356  6  0  568,478  Dera Ghazi Khan District 411,431  56,346  932  47  296  0  469,052  Bahawalpur State 647,207  114,621  19,071  283  1  8  781,191  Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract 26,578  180  0  0  0  0  26,758  Total 4,798,526  864,812  342,498  71,192  584  62  6,077,674
See also *Punjabi folk religion*Hinduism*Sikhism*Islam*Buddhism*Jainism (see Bhabra for a Punjabi community that follows Jainism)*West Punjab*Punjab, Pakistan*East Punjab*Punjab, India**Demographics of Punjab, India*Haryana*Himachal Pradesh
References
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