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-[{"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 24254880, "title": "[Characteristics of heavy metal elements and their relationship with magnetic properties of river sediment from urban area in Lanzhou].", "abstract": "The contents of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in the surface sediments from 8 rivers in urban area in Lanzhou were monitored by ecological risk which was assessed by the potential ecological H\u00e5kanson index, and the index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), sediment enrichment factor (R), and environmental magnetism. The results showed that: (1) the potential ecological risk of heavy metals of As, Co, Ni, V in surface sediments from 8 rivers were low, which belonged to low ecological risk. But the risk of heave metals Cr, Pb, Zn in surface sediments from Yuer river was high, which belonged to middle ecological risk, and in downstream of Yuer river, the element of Cu belonged to high ecological risk. (2) The rivers in Lanzhou could be divided into four groups according to the heavy mental pollution degree: first type, such as Paihong river, Shier river, Yuer river and Shuimo river, called downstream concentrate type; second type, such as Qili river, called upstream concentrate type; third type, such as Luoguo river and Dasha river, called less affected type; fourth type, Lanni river, which polluted heavily in up and downstream; (3) The correlation analysis between magnetic parameters and element contents show that the parameters which mainly reflect the concentration of the magnetic minerals (X, SIRM, Ms) have close association with Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, So we can infer that the magnetic minerals in deposits samples mainly came from electroplating effluent, motor vehicle emission, and domestic sewage. SIRM/X shows a strong correlation with Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, indicating the distribution of anthropogenic particulates. (4) The magnetic minerals(X, SIRM, Ms) have a strong correlation with the geoaccumulation (Igeo) than potential ecological risk index and enrichment factor (R). These results suggest a possible approach for source identification of magnetic material in pollution studies and the validity of using magnetic measurements to mapping the polluted area."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 12540419, "title": "Combination of magnetic parameters and heavy metals to discriminate soil-contamination sources in Yinchuan--a typical oasis city of Northwestern China.", "abstract": "Various industrial processes and vehicular traffic result in harmful emissions containing both magnetic minerals and heavy metals. In this study, we investigated the levels of magnetic and heavy metal contamination of topsoils from Yinchuan city in northwestern China. The results demonstrate that magnetic mineral assemblages in the topsoil are dominated by pseudo-single domain (PSD) and multi-domain (MD) magnetite. The concentrations of anthropogenic heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) and the magnetic properties of \u03c7lf, SIRM, \u03c7ARM, and 'SOFT' and 'HARD' remanence are significantly correlated, suggesting that the magnetic minerals and heavy metals have common sources. Combined use of principal components and fuzzy cluster analysis of the magnetic and chemical data set indicates that the magnetic and geochemical properties of the particulates emitted from different sources vary significantly. Samples from university campus and residential areas are mainly affected by crustal material, with low concentrations of magnetic minerals and heavy metals, while industrial pollution sources are characterized by high concentrations of coarse magnetite and Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Traffic pollution is characterized by Pb and Zn, and magnetite. Magnetic measurements of soils are capable of differentiating sources of magnetic minerals and heavy metals from industrial processes, vehicle fleets and soil parent material.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 52830106, "title": "Magnetic records of heavy metal pollution in urban topsoil in Lanzhou, China", "abstract": "This study is a systematic analysis of the magnetic characteristics and heavy metal elements in soil samples collected from Lanzhou City, China. The 117 surface soil samples were measured to study the feasibility and effectiveness of environmental magnetism for evaluating heavy metal pollution in urban soils. Results of the study indicate that low-coercivity magnetite dominates the magnetic properties in the samples. The high values of the soil magnetic mineral concentration parameters and low values of magnetic particle size parameters are distributed throughout the northern area of Xigu District, the industrial zones of the eastern section of Chengguan District and the districts of the narrow sections connecting Chengguan District and the other three districts; these parameters are fundamentally consistent with the distribution of the high values of the Pollution Load Index and Nemerow Pollution Index. Semi-quantitative studies which use the environmental magnetic method to monitor pollution of heavy metals (such as As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Fe) have shown that when \u03c7lf\u2a7d35\u00d710\u22128 m3 kg\u22121, it is unpolluted; when 35 \u2a7d \u03c7lf<150\u00d710\u22128 m3 kg\u22121, it is moderately polluted to unpolluted; when 150 \u2a7d \u03c7lf<365\u00d710\u22128 m3 kg\u22121, it is moderately polluted; when 365 \u2a7d \u03c7lf<750\u00d710\u22128 m3 kg\u22121, \u03c7fd%<2.7 and \u03c7ARM/SIRM<0.2\u00d710\u22123 m A\u22121, it is moderately to highly polluted; when \u03c7lf\u2a7e750\u00d710\u22128 m3 kg\u22121, \u03c7fd%<2.7 and \u03c7ARM/SIRM<0.2\u00d710\u22123 m A\u22121, it is highly polluted. The region of moderately to highly polluted distribution is caused by industry and vehicles, showing that the change of pollution in Lanzhou City bears the trend of \u201cvehicle emission + industrial\u201d.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 23679031, "title": "Detecting the sensitivity of magnetic response on different pollution sources--A case study from typical mining cities in northwestern China.", "abstract": "Rapid monitoring and discriminating different anthropogenic pollution is a key scientific issue. To detect the applicability and sensitivity of magnetic measurements for evaluating different industrial pollution in urban environment, characteristics of topsoil from three typical fast developing industrial cities (Jinchang, Baiyin and Jiayuguan in Gansu province, northwestern China) were studied by magnetic and geochemical analyses. The results showed that magnetic susceptibility was enhanced near industrial areas, and PSD-MD magnetite dominated the magnetic properties. Magnetic concentration parameters (\u03c7lf, SIRM, and \u03c7ARM) showed different correlations with heavy metals and PLI in the three cities, indicating significantly different magnetic response to different pollution sources. Principal component analysis showed that ferrimagnetic minerals coexist with heavy metals of Fe, As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in Baiyin and Fe, V, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Cr in Jiayuguan. Fuzzy cluster analysis and regression analysis further indicated that the sensitivity of magnetic monitoring to fuel dust is higher than that to mineral dust near non-ferrous metal smelters, and fossil fuel consumption is an important factor for increasing magnetite content. In all the three cities, the sensitivity of magnetic monitoring to pollutants from steel plants is much higher than that from non-ferrous metal plants. Therefore, magnetic proxies provide a rapid means for detecting heavy metal contamination caused by multi-anthropogenic pollution sources in a large scale area, however, the sensitivity was controlled by pollution sources.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 134204432, "title": "Magnetic properties of eolian sand sediments in the Mu Us Desert and their paleoenvironmental significance", "abstract": "In arid deserts, magnetic susceptibility enhancement caused by pedogenesis is limited and usually disturbed by lithogenic magnetic signals. Separation of these two magnetic components is essential for selecting the precise proxy for climate and dust variation. This paper presents detailed magnetic investigation of eolian sand sediments from the Jinjie section at the east edge of Mu Us Desert to explore the relationship between the magnetic parameters and sedimentary environment. Hysteresis loops and temperature dependence of magnetization (J-T curves) were measured to identify the types of magnetic minerals. Environmental magnetic measurements, such as lowfrequency magnetic susceptibility (chi(lf)), frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (chi(fd)), susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (chi(ARM)), saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) and \"hard\" isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) were carried out to determine the content of magnetic minerals in different types and domains. Magnetic ratio parameters, including percentage of frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (chi(fd) %) chi(ARM)/SIRM and chi(ARM)/chi(lf), were calculated to estimate the grain-size of magnetic minerals. The \"mean value concept\" in a mono-linear regression of multi-variables was used to separate lithogenic and pedogenic magnetic susceptibility components (chi(0) and chi(pedo)). The results show that magnetic minerals of the Jinjie section are dominated by ferromagnetic minerals with a few antiferromagnetic minerals mixed. Magnetic grain-size is quite fine compared with the adjacent loess deposits, mainly coarse stable single domain (SSD) and superparamagnetic (SP) particles. The equivalent magnetic grain-size is 0. 1 similar to 1 mu m with more fine/ultrafine particles appearing in paleosol layers. Both lithogenic and pedogenic magnetic mineral contents of the Jinjie section are less than eolian depositions on the Chinese Loess Plateau. chi(lf) values range (5. 21 similar to 38. 50) X 10(-8)m(3) . kg(-1), with the average chi(0) value 7. 663 X 10(-8)m(3) . kg(-1). The proportion of chi(0) and Zpedo occupied in the mass magnetic susceptibility is widely fluctuant in the section, thus paleoenvironmental significance of magnetic susceptibility is complicated, and great attention should be paid when magnetic susceptibility is used as a paleoprecipitation indicator. The ratios of magnetic parameters, i. e. chi(pedo)/chi(0), chi(fd)/HIRM, chi(fd) % and chi(ARM)/SIRM, possess significant linear or logarithmic/exponential correlation between each other. All these ratios can reduce or refrain the effect from lithogenic magnetic signals, and thus can accurately indicate pedogenesis intensity and precipitation. We consider that HIRM mainly reflects detrital hematite content, which is derived from the dust source region. The prominent pOsitive correlation between HIRM and chi(0) indicates that detrital hematite possesses a roughly constant proportion in the mass eolian magnetic minerals, thus HIRM can be used as a proxy for dust flux in the Mu Us Desert.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 132725822, "title": "Magnetic properties of the urban soils in Lanzhou and their environmental implications", "abstract": "Magnetic characteristics in 117 surface soil samples collected from Lanzhou City,China were systematically analyzed.Low-coercivity magnetite dominated the magnetic properties in the samples.Values of magnetic mineral concentration parameters were high in the following four areas:(1) the industrial area centered by Lanzhou aluminum plant power and Xigu thermal power plant.(2) Yanerwan,LanDong building materials market enterprise and leather factory.(3) The long and narrow stripe region along the materials market-West Station-Xiaoxihu Park-Chengguan Bridge.(4) The area surrounding Shuishang Park.And low values presented in Anning District(especially Jiuzhou Development Zone) and the south of Qilihe District.In addition,the result from soil profiles showed high values of \u03c7lfand SIRM in the upper 20cm near the surface and then significantly decreasing,which indicated that contamination was confined in a depth of the upper 20cm.Contrasting with nature samples,magnetic characteristics of polluted materials,such as topsoil,street dust,dust fall,and river sediment,was simplex and dominated by magnetite.Moreover,differences were also observed in the correlation between magnetic susceptibility and percentage frequency magnetic susceptibility,which was positive in nature samples but was negative in anthropogenic materials.Therefore environmental magnetism can be used as a tool for large-scale and high resolution pollution monitoring.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 128175469, "title": "Spatial and temporal changes of phosphorus in coastal wetland soils as affected by a tidal creek in the Yellow River Estuary, China", "abstract": "Abstract In order to investigate spatial and temporal changes of soil phosphorus and its availability in coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Estuary, soil samples from five sampling sites (Sites 1\u20135) in four sampling periods were collected and the contents of soil phosphorus and other properties were detected. Our results showed that there were no significant differences in total phosphorus (TP) in surface and subsurface soils among the five sampling sites ( p \u00a0>\u00a00.05), whereas significant differences were observed between June and other months ( p \u00a0August\u00a0>\u00a0November\u00a0>\u00a0April. Generally, available phosphorus (AP) contents also showed a fluctuation in different sampling periods and there were significant differences between November and August and April at 10\u201320\u00a0cm soil layer ( p p", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 7267678, "title": "Temporal and spatial charactristics of base flow in Wei River basin and its affection factors", "abstract": "Using Series of daily runoff recorded at 4 hydrological stations which are Linjiacun, Weijiabu, Xianyan, Huaxian in the Wei River basin, based on BFI-Base Flow Separation method, this paper analyzed the base flow changes in Wei River from 1955 to 2000. The results showed:(1) The base flow was an important component of runoff in Wei Ri ver, accounting for about 47%. (2) The proportion of base flow in three segments which are above Weijiabu station, Weijiabu - Xian yang, Xian yang - Huaxian were 33%, 20%, 47%. (3) Wei River Base Flow was downward in the past 50 years. 1970 was a dividing line, before which the average base flow reached 42 Billion cubic meters and after which was 27 Billion cubic meters.(4) The base flow index in Weijiabu - Xian yang section is 60%, Linjiacun - Weijiabu section of that is 43%, Xian yang - Huaxian section is 40%. (5) By Correlation analysis between the base flow and rainfall, obtained the last century 60' s and 70's the base flow correlated well with the rainfall, after 70's it was mainly influenced by human activities that included building Hydraulic engineering, exploiting groundwater, etc.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 128855430, "title": "Estimating streambed parameters for a disconnected river", "abstract": "Evaluation of stream\u2013aquifer interaction and water balance for a catchment often requires specific information on streambed parameters, such as streambed hydraulic conductivity, seepage flux across the streambed and so on. This paper describes a simple, inexpensive instrument that is used to measure these streambed parameters under the condition of a stream disconnected from groundwater. Our method includes a seepage cylinder for simulation of river water depth. The proposed method was applied to estimate the vertical hydraulic conductivity of a streambed and the changes in vertical seepage rate from stream to groundwater with varied stream water depth in the Manasi River of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The vertical hydraulic conductivities of the streambed determined from 12 sites along the Manasi River vary from 1.01 to 29.m/day where the stream disconnects from the groundwater. The experimental results suggest that there are two kinds of relations between the vertical seepage rate and the simulated stream water depth. One is a linear relation between the two variables with low Reynolds numbers (less than 10); the other is a nonlinear relation (exponential relation) between the two variables with larger Reynolds numbers (greater than 10). This second relationship is quite different from the traditional model that usually calculates the vertical seepage rate from stream to groundwater under the condition of disconnection using a linear relation (Darcy's Law). Our results suggest that a linear relation can only be used for a limited range of river water depth. This method gives a convenient tool for rapidly estimating the streambed hydraulic conductivity and the changes in the vertical seepage rate across streambed with varied stream water depths for the case of a stream disconnected from groundwater. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 12017722, "title": "Modeling the correlation between modality semantics and facial expressions", "abstract": "Facial expression plays an important role in face-to-face human-computer communication. Although considerable efforts have been made to enable computers to speak like human beings, how to express the rich semantic information through facial expression still remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we use the concept of \u201cmodality\u201d to describe the semantic information which is related to the mood, attitude and intention. We propose a novel parametric mapping model to quantitatively characterize the non-verbal modality semantics for facial expression animation. In particular, seven-dimensional semantic parameters (SP) are first defined to describe the modality information. Then, a set of motion patterns represented with Key FAP (KFAP) is used to explore the correlations of MPEG-4 facial animation parameters (FAP). The SP-KFAP mapping model is trained with the linear regression algorithm (AMMSE) and an artificial neural network (ANN) respectively. Empirical analysis on a public facial image dataset verifies the strong correlation between the SP and KFAP. We further apply the mapping model to two different applications: facial expression synthesis and modality semantics detection from facial images. Both objective and subjective experimental results on the public datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results also indicate that the ANN method can significantly improve the prediction accuracies in both applications.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 41407305, "title": "Comparative study of base flow separation methods-Taking Huaxian station of Weihe River for example", "abstract": "Base flow is an important component element of water resources, which plays an important role in maintaining ecological base flow. Due to the difficulty in measurement, it is important to select an adaptive base flow separation method for further base flow research. Taking Weihe River Basin as the research object, based on the hydrological data of Huaxian County, this thesis adopts three different separation methods (PART, digital filter technique, and base flow index (BFI) separation method) to undertake a comparative study. The study shows that digital filter technique is the best one. And through analysis of Weihe River by this method, the base flow of Weihe River gradually reduces since 1930s.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 15701396, "title": "Chewing areca nut increases the risk of coronary artery disease in taiwanese men: a case-control study", "abstract": "BackgroundAreca nut chewing has been reported to be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and cardiovascular mortality in previous studies. The aim of this study was to examine whether chewing areca nut increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Taiwanese men.MethodsThis study is a hospital-based case-control study. The case patients were male patients diagnosed in Taiwan between 1996 and 2009 as having a positive Treadmill exercise test or a positive finding on the Thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. The case patients were further evaluated by coronary angiography to confirm their CAD. Obstructive CAD was defined as a \u2265 50% decrease in the luminal diameter of one major coronary artery. The patients who did not fulfill the above criteria of obstructive CAD were excluded.The potential controls were males who visited the same hospital for health check-ups and had a normal electrocardiogram but no history of ischemic heart disease or CAD during the time period that the case patients were diagnosed. The eligible controls were randomly selected and frequency-matched with the case patients based on age. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratio of areca nut chewing and the risk of obstructive CAD.ResultsA total of 293 obstructive CAD patients and 720 healthy controls, all men, were analyzed. Subjects who chewed areca nut had a 3.5-fold increased risk (95% CI = 2.0-6.2) of having obstructive CAD than those without, after adjusting for other significant covariates. The dose-response relationship of chewing areca nut and the risk of obstructive CAD was also noted. After adjusting for other covariates, the 2-way additive interactions for obstructive CAD risk were also significant between areca nut use and cigarette smoking, hypertension and dyslipidemia.ConclusionsLong-term areca nut chewing was an independent risk factor of obstructive CAD in Taiwanese men. Interactive effects between chewing areca nut and cigarette smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were also observed for CAD risk. Further exploration of their underlying mechanisms is necessary."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 205184991, "title": "Platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling activates pericyte-myofibroblast transition in obstructive and post-ischemic kidney fibrosis.", "abstract": "Pericytes are the major source of scar-producing myofibroblasts following kidney injury; however, the mechanisms of this transition are unclear. To clarify this, we examined Collagen 1 (\u03b11)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mice (pericytes and myofibroblasts express GFP) following ureteral obstruction or ischemia-reperfusion injury and focused on the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-receptor (PDGFR) signaling in these two different injury models. Pericyte proliferation was noted after injury with reactivation of \u03b1-smooth muscle actin expression, a marker of the myofibroblast phenotype. PDGF expression increased in injured tubules, endothelium, and macrophages after injury, whereas PDGFR subunits \u03b1 and \u03b2 were expressed exclusively in interstitial GFP-labeled pericytes and myofibroblasts. When PDGFR\u03b1 or PDGFR\u03b2 activation was inhibited by receptor-specific antibody following injury, proliferation and differentiation of pericytes decreased. The antibodies also blunted the injury-induced transcription of PDGF, transforming growth factor \u03b21, and chemokine CCL2. They also reduced macrophage infiltration and fibrosis. Imatinib, a PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, attenuated pericyte proliferation and kidney fibrosis in both fibrogenic models. Thus, PDGFR signaling is involved in pericyte activation, proliferation, and differentiation into myofibroblasts during progressive kidney injury. Hence, pericytes may be a novel target to prevent kidney fibrosis by means of PDGFR signaling blockade.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 22037888, "title": "Discovery of novel bladder cancer biomarkers by comparative urine proteomics using iTRAQ technology.", "abstract": "A urine sample preparation workflow for the iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation) technique was established. The reproducibility of this platform was evaluated and applied to discover proteins with differential levels between pooled urine samples from nontumor controls and three bladder cancer patient subgroups with different grades/stages (a total of 14 controls and 23 cancer cases in two multiplex iTRAQ runs). Combining the results of two independent clinical sample sets, a total of 638 urine proteins were identified. Among them, 55 proteins consistently showed >2-fold differences in both sample sets. Western blot analyses of individual urine samples confirmed that the levels of apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), apolipoprotein A-II, heparin cofactor 2 precursor and peroxiredoxin-2 were significantly elevated in bladder cancer urine specimens (n = 25-74). Finally, we quantified APOA1 in a number of urine samples using a commercial ELISA and confirmed again its potential value for diagnosis (n = 126, 94.6% sensitivity and 92.0% specificity at a cutoff value of 11.16 ng/mL) and early detection (n = 71, 83.8% sensitivity and 94.0% specificity). Collectively, our results provide the first iTRAQ-based quantitative profile of bladder cancer urine proteins and represent a valuable resource for the discovery of bladder cancer markers.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 14546408, "title": "Pituitary apoplexy induced by Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for treating prostate cancer-report of first Asian case", "abstract": "We present the first Asian case of a 77-year-old man who developed pituitary apoplexy (PA) soon after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) (leuprorelin) injection to treat prostate cancer. Headache, ophthalmoplegia, visual field deficit, nausea, and vomiting are the typical characteristics of pituitary apoplexy. Though the occurrence rate is rare, the consequence of this condition can vary from mild symptoms such as headache to life-threatening scenarios like conscious change. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality to detect PA and sublabial trans-sphenoid pituitary tumor removal can resolve most of PA symptoms and is so far the best solution in consensus. We also review 11 previous reported cases receiving GnRHa for androgen deprivation therapy of prostate cancer, and hope to alert clinicians to use GnRHa with caution.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 5362337, "title": "Novel insights into pericyte-myofibroblast transition and therapeutic targets in renal fibrosis.", "abstract": "Renal fibrosis is a disease affecting millions worldwide and is a harbinger of progressive renal failure. Understanding the mechanisms of renal fibrosis is important for discovering new therapies that are required to prevent loss of renal function. Recently, we identified pericytes that line the kidney microvasculature as the precursor cells of the scar-producing myofibroblasts during kidney injury. Kidney pericytes are extensively branched cells embedded within the capillary basement membrane and stabilize the capillary network through tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 and angiogenic growth factors. Pericytes detach from endothelial cells and migrate into the interstitial space where they undergo a transition into myofibroblasts after injury. Activation of endothelium, pericyte-myofibroblast transition, and recruitment of inflammatory macrophages lead to capillary rarefaction and fibrosis. Targeting endothelium-pericyte crosstalk by inhibiting vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptors and platelet-derived growth factor receptors in response to injury have been identified as new therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, targeting macrophage activation has also been proven as a novel and safe therapeutic approach for pericyte-myofibroblast transition. However, we are still far from understanding the interaction between pericytes and other cellular elements in normal physiology and during kidney fibrosis. Further studies will be required to translate into more specific therapeutic approaches.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 2095384, "title": "Green dialysate.", "abstract": "Yi-Ting Chen, Chun-Chieh Huang, Chin-Chi Kuo, Huey-Wen Chen and Ming-Shiou Wu Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan and Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Correspondence: Ming-Shiou Wu, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail: mhw1001@gmail.com", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 32849177, "title": "G771C Polymorphism in the MLXIPL Gene Is Associated with a Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in the Chinese: A Case-Control Study", "abstract": "Objectives: Previously, a genome-wide scan has identified a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (rs3812316, G771C, Gln241His) in the MLXIPL gene that is associated with the level of plasma triglycerides. However, no data are available on the association of this polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between a gene polymorphism related to triglyceride metabolism and CAD. Methods: The genotype of the polymorphism in the MLXIPL gene was determined in 352 CAD patients and 152 CAD-free subjects. All of the participants were selected to study the MLXIPL gene rs3812316 polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: In Chinese participants, we observed that there was a significant difference in genotype between the cases and controls (p = 0.002). After allowance for potential confounders, unconditional logistic analysis revealed that the SNP was significantly related to a risk in CAD patients (adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.30\u20135.08; p =0.004). We also found that there was a significant association between the single nucleotide polymorphism and plasma triglyceride levels (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.061\u20131.542; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The gene sequence variation in the MLXIPL gene may serve as a novel genetic marker for the risk of significant CAD.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 2209441, "title": "Sleep apnea and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study.", "abstract": "STUDY OBJECTIVES\nSleep apnea (SA) is characterized by apnea during sleep and is associated with cardiovascular diseases and an increase in all-cause mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem that has placed a substantial burden on healthcare resources. However, the relationship between SA and the incidence of CKD is not clear. This study aimed to determine whether SA is an independent risk factor for the development of CKD.\n\n\nDESIGN\nRetrospective cohort study.\n\n\nSETTING\nNational Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan.\n\n\nPATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS\nA total of 4,674 adult patients (age \u2265 30 y) in whom SA was newly diagnosed from 2000 to 2010 were included, together with 23,370 non-SA patients as the comparison group. The two groups were frequency-matched for sex, age, and year of receiving medical service. Each individual was followed until 2011.\n\n\nINTERVENTIONS\nN/A.\n\n\nMEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS\nThese two groups were monitored and observed for the occurrence of CKD. Patients with SA experienced a 1.94-fold increase (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-2.46; P < 0.001) in the incidence of CKD, which was independent of sex, age, and comorbid medical conditions. Additionally, they showed a 2.2-fold increase (95% CI, 1.31-3.69; P < 0.01) in the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nPatients with sleep apnea are at increased risk for chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease compared with the general population. As such, screening renal function and treatment of chronic kidney disease is an important issue in patients with sleep apnea.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 18531904, "title": "Preoperative Risk Score Predicting 90-Day Mortality After Liver Resection in a Population-Based Study", "abstract": "AbstractThe impact of important preexisting comorbidities, such as liver and renal disease, on the outcome of liver resection remains unclear. Identification of patients at risk of mortality will aid in improving preoperative preparations. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a population-based score based on available preoperative and predictable parameters predicting 90-day mortality after liver resection using data from a hepatitis endemic country.We identified 13,159 patients who underwent liver resection between 2002 and 2006 in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. In a randomly selected half of the total patients, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop a prediction score for estimating the risk of 90-day mortality by patient demographics, preoperative liver disease and comorbidities, indication for surgery, and procedure type. The score was validated with the remaining half of the patients.Overall 90-day mortality was 3.9%. Predictive characteristics included in the model were age, preexisting cirrhosis-related complications, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, renal disease, malignancy, and procedure type. Four risk groups were stratified by mortality scores of 1.1%, 2.2%, 7.7%, and 15%. Preexisting renal disease and cirrhosis-related complications were the strongest predictors. The score discriminated well in both the derivation and validation sets with c-statistics of 0.75 and 0.75, respectively.This population-based score could identify patients at risk of 90-day mortality before liver resection. Preexisting renal disease and cirrhosis-related complications had the strongest influence on mortality. This score enables preoperative risk stratification, decision-making, quality assessment, and counseling for individual patients.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 24741353, "title": "[Association of single nucleotide polymorphism on chromosome 12q24.31 with susceptibility to coronary artery disease].", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE\nTo determine whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on chromosome 12q24.31(rs2259816) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Han population of southwest China.\n\n\nMETHODS\nA case-control association study with 592 unrelated patients with coronary artery disease and 463 normal controls from Chinese Han population was performed. Genotype for the SNP on chromosome 12q24.31 (rs2259816) was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe genotypes of AA, AC, CC were both detected in the coronary artery disease group and the control group. The frequencies of A allele were 49.5% in case group and 43.8% in control group, showing statistically significant difference(OR=1.129, 95%CI:1.029-1.239, P=0.010).\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe replication study showed that the genetic polymorphism in rs2259816 is associated with coronary artery disease in Han population of southwest China.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 205303957, "title": "Red blood cell storage duration and mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (Am Heart J 2010;159:876-81).", "abstract": "We read with interest the work by Simon D. Robinson that reported that the older red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is associated with increased 30-day mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (hazard ratio 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04). The previous researches indicate that low hemoglobin (Hgb) level is an independent predictor of mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Acute blood loss because of the procedure can also increase the in-hospital mortality. Besides, for the patients with lower Hgb level, the larger volume of RBC should be transfused and older RBCs may be used concomitantly. So, Hgb level is an important confounding factor and should be considered carefully. However, the authors failed to provide data on the Hgb level. We would really appreciate if the investigators could provide information on this issue. Am Heart J 2010;160:e35. 0002-8703/$ see front matter doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2010.07.029", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 4837266, "title": "The effects of continuous epidural analgesia on Doppler velocimetry of uterine arteries during different periods of labour analgesia.", "abstract": "BACKGROUND\nThe transient effects of epidural bupivacaine 0.25-0.5% on the Doppler velocimetry of umbilical and uterine arteries had been reported, but the effects of continuous lower dose epidural bupivacaine (0.05-0.1%) infusion for labour analgesia have never been reported. In this study, we evaluated the effects of continuous epidural bupivacaine 0.075% on the Doppler velocimetry of uterine arteries.\n\n\nMETHODS\nTwenty pregnant women for labour analgesia received continuous epidural bupivacaine 0.075% infusion. We used a 4-MHz continuous-wave Doppler probe (Multigon 500A) with a 200 Hz thump filter to detect uterine blood flow velocity. We recorded the velocimetry data for uterine relaxation and contraction during five time periods: pre-epidural insertion, 1, 2, and 4 h post-epidural infusion, and after delivery of fetus.\n\n\nRESULTS\nOur data showed that the velocimetric indices of uterine vascular resistance were significantly increased 1, 2, and 4 h after epidural infusion when compared with the pre-epidural level; these returned to the baseline after delivery.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nContinuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.075% increases the resistance of uterine artery and therefore possibly reduces the uterine blood flow."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 24651976, "title": "Ultrasound-assisted percutaneous catheterization of the axillary vein for totally implantable venous access device.", "abstract": "BACKGROUND\nPlacing a totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) using the classical subclavian vein puncture method carries the risk of certain complications including hemothorax, pneumothorax and pinch-off syndrome. We set out to determine whether percutaneous axillary vein catheterization can decrease the incidence of these complications.\n\n\nMETHOD\nThis is a prospective, observational, uni-institutional study. We analyzed the outcome of 113 TIVADs performed by ultrasound-assisted percutaneous axillary vein catheterization from Jun. 2008 to Dec. 2008. Junior residents novice to subclavian and axillary vein catheterization performed the procedures. Insertion and indwelling catheter complications were recorded.\n\n\nRESULT\nIn our study population, 100% of TIVAD placements were successful. 27 patients (23.9%) required 3 or more repeated punctures; only one patient (0.9%) had clinically insignificant pneumothorax. Neither arterial puncture nor brachial plexus injury was recorded in our study.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nUltrasound-assisted percutaneous axillary vein catheterization for TIVAD is a safe and relatively simple method for inexperienced operators.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 28585208, "title": "Streptococcus agalactiae infective endocarditis with large vegetation in a patient with underlying protein S deficiency", "abstract": "We present a case of a patient with underlying protein S deficiency who suffered from infective endocarditis with a large anterior mitral leaflet (AML) mass of approximately 4.5\u00a0cm in length. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed the mass at the AML base and a rupture of the posterior mitral leaflet chordae tendinae. The vegetation\u2019s large size may have been caused by one or more of three factors: location, underlying disease, and the microorganism causing infection. Patients with protein S deficiency are prone to thromboembolic events during cardiac surgery. Infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae usually has a poor prognosis, and, thus, early surgery is recommended.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 22786252, "title": "Effect of ropivacaine on endothelium-dependent phenylephrine-induced contraction in guinea pig aorta.", "abstract": "BACKGROUND\nPrevious studies have shown that ropivacaine has biphasic vascular effects, causing vasoconstriction at low concentrations and vasorelaxation at high concentrations. This study was designed to examine the role of the endothelium during accidental intravascular absorption of ropivacaine, and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible.\n\n\nMETHODS\nIsolated guinea pig aortic rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. The effects of ropivacaine on endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings were assessed. Endothelium-intact aortic rings were pre-contracted with phenylephrine before being exposed to ropivacaine and acetylcholine, in order to generate and compare concentration-response curves. In the absence and presence of yohimbine, propranolol, atropine, indometacin, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) or methylene blue, the contractile response induced by ropivacaine was assessed on endothelium-intact aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine.\n\n\nRESULTS\nRopivacaine (3 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) mol/l) produced vasoconstriction in endothelium-denuded aortic rings, whereas no such response was observed in aortic rings with intact endothelium. In phenylephrine pre-contracted intact aortic rings, ropivacaine induced a greater degree of vasorelaxation than did acetylcholine. Yohimbine, propranolol and atropine all failed to affect the relaxation responses induced by ropivacaine. However, pre-treatment with indometacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor), l-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), methylene blue (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) or ODQ (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), significantly decreased the ropivacaine-induced relaxation of endothelium-intact aortic rings (3 x 10(-4) to 10(-2) mol/l).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nRopivacaine elicits an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in phenylephrine pre-contracted aortic rings via the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate pathway and the prostaglandin system.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 22970402, "title": "Perioperative Changes of Plasma Endothelin-1 Concentrations in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgery", "abstract": "Twenty-one patients who underwent cardiac valvular replacement procedures were studied to determine the peri-operative changes of plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration and disposition of ET-1 in the pulmonary and systemic vasculature between patients with elevated (over 20 mmHg) mean pulmonary artery pressure and patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure. The overall profile alterations of plasma ET- 1 concentration did not differ between the two groups of patients. The plasma ET- 1 levels in the pulmonary artery and right atrium were significantly higher in patients with high pulmonary artery pressure than in patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure. Before cardiopulmonary bypass, significant pulmonary extraction of the plasma ET- 1 existed in patients with high pulmonary artery pressure but the pulmonary extraction was not seen after bypass. There was no transpulmonary difference of the plasma ET- 1 concentration in patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure either before or after bypass. The high levels of ET- 1 in the pulmonary circuit and the pulmonary extraction of the ET- 1 in patients with high pulmonary artery pressure might be a protective mechanism for rheumatic valvular patients with elevated pulmonary artery pressure.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 12630095, "title": "Time-frequency spectral analysis of heart rate variability during induction of general anaesthesia.", "abstract": "We have examined the spectral components of heart rate variability (HRV) during induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone, tracheal intubation and subsequent inhalation of isoflurane-nitrous oxide. Commonly used spectral analysis methods such as fast Fourier transformation or autoregressive modelling require stationary data and are not suitable for the rapidly changing HRV data in this period. An advanced spectral analysis method, time-frequency analysis, which can treat non-stationary data, was used in this study. Multiple spectra were generated to demonstrate the time-related spectral components of HRV. Mid-frequency power (MF, 0.08-0.15 Hz), high-frequency power (HF, 0.15-0.5 Hz) and MF/HF ratio at baseline, after induction (before intubation), immediately after intubation and during maintenance periods were calculated and compared. MF and HF powers decreased after induction and were reduced further in the maintenance period but MF/HF ratio remained unchanged after induction. Immediately after intubation MF and HF powers did not differ significantly from the immediate pre-intubation values, but MF/HF ratio did.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 45210470, "title": "[Effects of matrine on proliferation and apoptosis of human renal cell carcinoma cell line GRC-1].", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE\nTo observe the effects of matrine on proliferation and apoptosis of human renal cell carcinoma cell line GRC-1 in vitro, and to explore its mechanism.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe human renal cell carcinoma cell line GRC-1 was treated with matrine of different concentrations for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h respectively. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of matrine on GRC-1 cells. The transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry were utilized to observe and detect the apoptosis of GRC-1 cells induced by matrine. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were evaluated by streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe matrine of different concentrations all have cytotoxic effects on GRC-1 cells, with obvious dose- and time-dependent effects. The apoptosis induced by matrine was confirmed in GRC-1 cells. With intervention of matrine (1.5 g/L) for 12 h, the expression level of Bcl-2 in GRC-1 cells was decreased while the expression level of Bax was increased as compared with those in the untreated group.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe proliferation-inhibiting effects of matrine on human renal cell carcinoma cell line GRC-1 may be related to down-regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression and promoting the apoptosis.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 21780775, "title": "Angiogenic effects of the extracts from Chinese herbs: Angelica and Chuanxiong.", "abstract": "Angelica and ChuanXiong are used to cure ischemic heart disease in China. Previous studies found that these two herbs could increase myocardial blood flow, oxygen-supply and keep myocardial oxygen balance, etc. However, the mechanisms of angiogenic effects of these two herbs are not well-known. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Angelica and ChuanXiong on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rat myocardial infarction, on endothelial cell proliferation and quantity of vessels on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). In this study, rats were divided randomly into either pre-treatment or acute-treatment group and sacrificed at the end of the treatments. VEGF expression using Western blot analysis was significantly increased in the groups pre-treated with ChuanXiong and Angelica when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was significant increase in VEGF expression in the rats treated acutely with Angelica (p < 0.05). In the contrary, the rats treated with ChuanXiong showed a decrease in VEGF expression when compared to the acute-treatment control group (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed in immunohistochemistry of VEGF expression in the myocardia. Our study also demonstrated that these two herbs significantly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation (p < 0.05) and revascularity in CAM (p < 0.05). The data showed that Angelica and ChuanXiong could affect VEGF expression in rat myocardial infarction, promote endothelial cell proliferation and stimulate quantity of vessels on CAM model. The results suggest that Angelica and ChuanXiong have angiogenic effects, and may provide some mechanisms for the treatment of myocardial infarction and peripheral ischemia.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 46097018, "title": "Comparative neuroprotective effects of methylprednisolone and rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 following spinal cord injury.", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE\nTo compare the neuroprotective effects of methylprednisolone (MPSS) and rosiglitazone (ROSG) following spinal cord injury (SCI).\n\n\nMETHODS\nThis study was carried out at the Institute of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China between June 2009 and March 2010. One hundred and twenty Sprague-Dawley rats after SCI were divided into 4 different groups (30/group): i) SCI-vehicle group, ii) MPSS group, iii) ROSG group, and iv) sham saline group. The following 5 aspects were evaluated: 1) spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury; 2) neutrophil infiltration; 3) cell apoptosis; 4) the expression of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-\u03b2; and 5) the expression of tissue Bax, Bcl-2, and HSP70 proteins in situ.\n\n\nRESULTS\nNotably, ROSG showed similar neuroprotective effects to MPSS, and significantly decreased spinal cord damage, apoptosis, and cytokine expression. There were no significant differences between the MPSS or ROSG-treated groups.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nAdministration of ROSG after SCI reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury associated with spinal cord trauma.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 12280229, "title": "Effects of silymarin on the resolution of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.", "abstract": "Silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has a long tradition as a herbal remedy, and was introduced as a hepatoprotective agent a few years ago. However, the therapeutic effects of silymarin remain undefined. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a xenobiotic used extensively to induce oxidative stress and is one of the most widely used hepatic toxins for experimental induction of liver fibrosis in the laboratory. In this study, we investigated the restoration of the CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by high dose of silymarin in rats. After treatment with oil (as normal group; n = 6) or CCl4 [as model (n = 7) and therapeutic (n = 7) groups] by intragastric delivery for 8 weeks for the induction of liver fibrosis, the rats in the normal and model group were administered orally normal saline four times a week for 3 weeks whilst the therapeutic group received silymarin (200 mg/kg). The histopathological changes were observed with Masson staining. The results showed that the restoration of the CCl4-induced damage of liver fibrosis in the therapeutic group was significantly increased as compared to that in the model group. Moreover, silymarin significantly decreased the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in serum, and also reversed the altered expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin in liver tissue. Therefore, these findings indicated that silymarin may have the potential to increase the resolution of the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 45081950, "title": "[Effect of nucleosomal binding protein 1 in androgen-independent prostatic carcinoma].", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE\nTo investigate biological function of nucleosomal binding protein 1 (NSBP1) in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.\n\n\nMETHODS\nAndrogen-independent prostate cancer cells of the line PC-3 were cultured and transfected with recombinant inhibiting siRNA expression plasmid pSilencer 2. 1-U6 neo. Before transfection and 12, 36, 60, 84, 108 and 132 h after transfection RT-PCR and Western blotting was used to detect the inhibition effect. CCK-8 was used to detect the viability of the cells. The cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe cell viability was significantly reduced since 60-108 h after the transfection (all P < 0.05), the inhibition ratio reaching climax 108 hours after the transfection (P = 0.028). However, the inhibition ratio began to increase. FC showed that since 60 h after the transfection the proportion of PC-3 cells at the G2M + S phase began to increased compared to that of the control group (all P < 0.05).\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nNSBP1 has important effect on maintaining cell viability and enhancing growth and proliferation of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 10132184, "title": "[Prevention efficiency of Exserohilum monoceras with chemical herbicides against Echinochloa crus-galli in paddy field].", "abstract": "This paper studied the impact of several herbicides on the conidium germination of Exserohilum monoceras strain X27 in petri dish, and the synergistic effects of the pathogen and chemical herbicide quinclorac or propanil against Echinochloa crus-galli in greenhouse. The prevention efficiency of the tank-mixture of pathogen and quinclorac was also evaluated in paddy field. The results showed that test herbicides except quinclorac and bensulfulfuronmethyl could inhibit conidium germination and hypha growth to different degree. A significant synergism was observed between the pathogen and quinclorac. Adding quinclorac could obviously increase the prevention efficiency against Echinochloa crus-galli. Under field condition, the single use of pathogen could only control about 60% of the weed, while the efficiency of pathogen-quinclorac mixture could reach 90%."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 25402433, "title": "Enantioseparation and determination of the chiral fungicide furametpyr enantiomers in rice, soil, and water by high-performance liquid chromatography.", "abstract": "The chiral fungicide furametpyr is widely used in the rice field to control rice sheath blight; however, furametpyr enantiomers are treated as just one compound in traditional achiral analysis, which gives only partial information. An effective chiral analytical method was developed for the resolution and determination of the fungicide furametpyr enantiomers in rice, soil, and water samples. Furametpyr enantiomers were excellently separated and determined on a Chiralpak AD-H column with n-hexane/ethanol (90:10, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8\u2009mL\u2009min(-1) with UV detection at 220\u2009nm. The resolution was up to 8.85. The first eluted enantiomer was (+)-furametpyr and the second eluted one was (-)-furametpyr. The effects of mobile-phase composition and column temperature on the enantioseparation were evaluated. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification LOQ. LOD was 2.0\u2009\u00b5g\u2009kg(-1) in water, 0.02\u2009mg\u2009kg(-1) in soil, and 0.07\u2009mg\u2009kg(-1) in rice with an LOQ of 6.7\u2009\u00b5g\u2009kg(-1) in water, 0.07\u2009mg\u2009kg(-1) in soil, and 0.23\u2009mg\u2009kg(-1) in rice. The average recoveries of the pesticide in all matrices ranged from 73.1 to 101.8% for all fortification levels. The precision values associated with the analytical method, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) values, were below 14.0% in all matrices. The methodology was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of furametpyr enantiomers in real samples.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 94546152, "title": "Immunochemical and molecular characteristics of monoclonal antibodies against organophosphorus pesticides and effect of hapten structures on immunoassay selectivity", "abstract": "To produce broad-selective monoclonal antibody (Mab) for organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, heterologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used for hybridoma screening. Six Mabs with different cross-reactivity to OP pesticides were produced. Based on the broad-selective Mab 5F7, homologous and heterologous indirect competitive ELISAs were developed and the influence of hapten structure on assay selectivity was investigated. Moreover, the receptor\u2013ligand interactions between 5F7 and OP pesticides were simulated to evaluate the broad-selectivity of the Mab. Results showed that, selectivity of the Mab was determined by its molecular properties, and the assay selectivity could be modified when the assay sensitivity was improved sufficiently by heterology. With the most suitable competitor, a broad-selective heterologous ELISA was developed. The IC50 values were estimated to be 7.06 ng/mL for parathion, 32.34 ng/mL for methyl parathion, 164.84 ng/mL for fenitrothion, 96.97 ng/mL for phoxim and 500.94 ng/mL for fenthion.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 22312160, "title": "Gas-phase distribution and emission of chloropicrin applied in gelatin capsules to soil columns.", "abstract": "Chloropicrin (CP) is highly volatile and may pose strong exposure risks for humans and the environment. A gelatin capsule formulation was developed to reduce atmospheric CP emissions and to improve application safety. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution, atmospheric emissions, and soil residual of CP after application in gelatin capsules to soil columns. Two treatments were studied: (i) CP liquid injection with polyethylene film and (ii) CP gelatin capsules with polyethylene film. For the CP liquid injection treatment, the concentration of CP peaked (120.7 microg cm(-3)) at the 20-cm depth 1 h after fumigant injection and decreased with time; at other depths, the CP concentration increased initially and decreased after a typical diffusion-dispersion process. For the gelatin capsule treatment, concentrations of CP at 20 cm depth increased slowly and peaked at 30.04 microg cm(-3) 264 h after application, indicating a slow CP release through the gelatin capsule shells. The results indicate that a rapid breakdown of gelatin capsules occurred between 11 and 12 d after application. The application of CP gelatin capsules reduced total CP emission by approximately 3 times compared with liquid injection with film cover. Similar residual soil CP was found between the liquid injection and the two gelatin capsule treatments. Chloropicrin gelatin capsules could be a promising new technology for reducing environmental emissions and potential human exposure.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 86043456, "title": "Factors Affecting Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum) Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence", "abstract": "Abstract Buffalobur is a noxious and invasive weed species native to North America. The influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of buffalobur were evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The germination of buffalobur seeds occurred at temperatures ranging from 12.5 to 45 C, with optimum germination attained between 25 and 35 C. Buffalobur seeds germinated equally well under both a 14-h photoperiod and continuous darkness; however, prolonged light exposure (\u2265\u200916 h) significantly inhibited the seed germination. Buffalobur seed is rather tolerant to low water potential and high salt stress, as germination was 28 and 52% at osmotic potentials of \u22121.1 MPa and salinity level of 160 mM, respectively. Medium pH has no significant effect on seed germination; germination was greater than 95% over a broad pH range from 3 to 10. Seedling emergence was higher (85%) for seeds buried at a soil depth of 2 cm than for those placed on the soil surface (32%), but no seedlings emerged when burial depth reached 8 cm. Knowledge of germination biology of buffalobur obtained in this study will be useful in predicting the potential distribution area and developing effective management strategies for this species. Nomenclature: Buffalobur, Solanum rostratum Dunal SOLCU.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 19271328, "title": "Simultaneous determination of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole in fruits, vegetables and cereals using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry with the isotope-labelled internal standard method", "abstract": "A reliable and sensitive isotope-labelled internal standard method for simultaneous determination of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole in fruits (apple and grape), vegetables (cucumber and tomato) and cereals (rice and wheat) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry was developed. Isotope-labelled internal standards were effective in compensating for the loss in the pretreatment and overcoming the matrix effect. The analytes were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up with different kinds of sorbents. The determination of the target compounds was achieved in less than 4\u00a0min using a T3 column combined with an electrospray ionization source in positive mode. The overall average relative recoveries in all matrices at three spiking levels (10, 20 and 50\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg-1) ranged from 95.5 to 106.2\u00a0%, with all relative standard deviations being less than 14.4\u00a0% for all analytes. The limits of detection did not exceed 0.085\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg-1 and the limits of quantification were below 0.28\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg-1 in all matrices. The method was demonstrated to be convenient and accurate for the routine monitoring of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole in fruits, vegetables and cereals.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 167057387, "title": "The Relationship Between Financial Resource Allocation Efficiency and Growth in Different Areas of China", "abstract": "The aim of this paper is to analyze empirically the relationship between financial resource allocation efficiency and economic growth in China. This paper examines the economic performance of financial resources in China\u2019s 31 regions for the period 1978\u20132010. Based on the analysis of Wurgler, the empirical results indicate that different regions\u2019 financial resources allocation have different impacts on the economic growth. In short, the East performs much better than the Middle and West areas. Besides, the result of our study shows that there is a positive and significant association between financial resource allocation efficiency and economic growth. Meanwhile, financial department plays an important role in financial allocation efficiency and economic growth. So the government should make full use of the financial markets to achieve a better performance.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 8683150, "title": "[Identification of pyrene degrading strains and the degrading characteristics research].", "abstract": "Three bacterial strains J1, J2, J3 which could use pyrene as the sole carbon and energy sources were isolated from soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by enrichment culture. The strains were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Flavobacterium mizutaii, Brevibacillus parabrevis according to the results of morphology, physiology and the phylogenetical analyses of 16S rDNA sequence. It was observed that the three strains could use pyrene at the concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 500, 1 000 mg/L and after 7 days culture the concentrations of microorganisms in the liquid medium were the highest. Under the treatment of 200 mg/L pyrene the degradation rate of pyrene by strain J1, J2, J3 was 53.04%, 65.03%, 51.02%. The three strains could grow and use pyrene at the culture medium pH 4 to pH 9 and the pH 7 was the best for the microbe growth and the degradation. Compare with the dichloromethane, N, N-dimethylformamide which could increase the solution of pyrene and enhance the degradation of pyrene was the better solvent in the pyrene degradation.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 21466323, "title": "Study on Control of Membrane Fouling by Different Forms of Coagulation Pretreatment", "abstract": "Abstract-The influence of coagulants ferric chloride and aluminium sulfate on membrane fouling under different coagulation pretreatments was studied, and removal of organics in different molecular weight (MW) was also studied by two coagulants. The experimental results suggested that direct membrane filtration of coagulating liquid was more effective to alleviate membrane fouling than membrane filtration of supernatant after coagulation. Furthermore, when ferric chloride was used as a coagulant the membrane flux can be recovered to 95% of initial flux and a recovery rate of 77% could be achieved when aluminium sulfate was used. On the other hand, the experimental results also showed those organic pollutants whose molecular weight fractions were 100-30 kDa, 10-3 kDa, and 3-1 kDa could be obviously removed by direct membrane filtration of coagulating liquid.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 96322460, "title": "Effects of a high magnetic field on the phase equilibria of Mn\u2013Sb system during solidification process", "abstract": "Abstract The effects of an 11.5\u00a0T magnetic field on phase equilibria of Mn\u2013Sb system during solidification process were investigated with the aid of direct thermocouple measurements and quantitative metallography analysis. It was found that the magnetic field could increase the eutectic line and the area fraction of the MnSb in eutectics, and thus shift the eutectic point to the high Mn concentration side. It could also increase the Sb liquidus temperatures by a decreasing trend with an increasing Sb composition, but show little effect on the MnSb liquidus temperature. The above results could be related to the variation in the magnetic susceptibility during the phase transformation.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 93282449, "title": "In situ investigation of fouling behavior in submerged hollow fiber membrane module under sub-critical flux operation via ultrasonic time domain reflectometry", "abstract": "Abstract This study described the extension of ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) for monitoring the fouling profile in a submerged hollow fiber membrane module under different operation conditions including aeration rate, fiber length and operational flux. Five 10\u00a0MHz ultrasonic transducers employed were mounted along the tubular test module with a single hollow fiber membrane evenly. A polyethersulfone hollow fiber membrane with inside and outside diameter of 1.0 and 1.6\u00a0mm was employed to treat 5\u00a0g/L yeast suspension. The experimental results showed that the fouling could not be completely prevented under the operation of the sub-critical flux, and still deposited at the upper part of the submerged hollow fiber membrane. The progress of foulant deposition onto the membrane surface gradually migrated from top to bottom and reached the plateau finally. Further, the increase of aeration and curtailing fiber length could only slow down fouling and reduce deposition rate to some extent, but could not fully avoid the membrane fouling. Moreover, UTDR technique was successfully employed to measure the relationship between the operational flux and particle deposition on the membrane surface so as to obtain threshold flux, under which could obviously alleviate membrane fouling.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 97713638, "title": "Syntheses and characterizations of group 6 metal cyanotrihydroborate complexes", "abstract": "Abstract The anions, [M(CO) 6\u2013 n (NCBH 3 ) n ] n \u2212 ( n =2, M=Cr( 1 ); n =3, M=Cr( 2 ), Mo( 3 ), W( 4 )), were prepared either from the reactions of sodium cyanotrihydroborate with group 6 transition metal hexacarbonyls, M(CO) 6 (M=Cr, Mo, W), or through the reactions of M(CO) 3 (CH 3 CN) 3 (M=Cr, W) with sodium cyanotrihydroborate. The cyanotrihydroborate ligand bonds to the metal through a nitrogen atom, which was confirmed by the Infrared, proton and boron NMR spectroscopies. Crystal structures of the above complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. A cis configuration is found in 1 . Molecular structures of 2 , 3 , and 4 are similar and a facial configuration is observed."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 97120948, "title": "Organometallic Ruthenium Source Reagents for CVD", "abstract": null, "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 95387454, "title": "Synthesis of Ph2PC\u22eeC(CH2)5C\u22eeCPPh2 Ligand and Its Complexation with Tungsten Carbonyls to Form a Dinuclear Paddle-Wheel and a Tetranuclear Tripodal Compound", "abstract": "The multifunctional ligand bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,9-nonadiyne (1; abbreviated as dpndy) has been prepared by sequential treatment of HC\u22eeC(CH2)5C\u22eeCH with BuLi and PPh2Cl. Compound 1 reacts with W(CO)4(NCMe)2 to give W(CO)4(\u03b72-dpndy) (2), while the reaction of 1 and W(CO)3(Me3tach) (Me3tach = 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane) produces W(CO)3(\u03b72-dpndy)(\u03b71-dpndy) (3), [W(CO)3(\u03b72-dpndy)]2(\u03bc,\u03b72-dpndy) (4), and the paddle-wheel complex [W(CO)3]2(\u03bc,\u03b72-dpndy)3 (5). Further treatment of W(CO)3(Me3tach) with 3 generates the tripodal compound W(CO)3[(\u03bc,\u03b72-dpndy)W(CO)3(\u03b72-dpndy)]3 (6). The molecular structures of 2 and 5 have been determined by an X-ray diffraction study.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 514202, "title": "Photoluminescence and trans \u2192 cis photoisomerization of aminostyrene-conjugated phenylpyridine C^N ligands and their complexes with platinum(II): the styryl position and the amino substituent effects.", "abstract": "The synthesis, electronic spectra, photochemical properties, and DFT calculations of four phenylpyridine (ppy)-derived C^N ligands and their cyclometalated [(C^N)Pt(II)(acac)] (C^N = trans-n-(4-NR2-styryl)-2-phenylpyridine, where n = 3' or 4 and R = Me or Ph, and acac = acetylacetonate) complexes are reported. The results allow one to address the effects of the styryl position (n = 3' or 4) and the amino N-substituents (N-Me or N-Ph) on the photoluminescence and trans \u2192 cis photoisomerization quantum efficiencies (\u03a6f and \u03a6tc) of the free ligands and the Pt complexes. In general, the styryl position effect is more significant than the amino substituent effect. The relative \u03a6f and \u03a6tc values are distinct between the free ligands and the corresponding Pt complexes. However, the phenomenon of \u03a6f + 2\u03a6tc \u2248 1.0 is observed for all cases in solutions at room temperature. This phenomenon is interpreted by the conventional one-bond-twist mechanism for photoisomerization, which is an activated process in S1 but barrierless in T1. We conclude that ca. 50% of the C\u2550C bond torsion in the excited-state manifold leads to the cis isomer and the excited-state deactivations are dominated by fluorescence and trans \u2192 cis isomerization for both the ligands and the complexes.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 93351922, "title": "Syntheses and crystal structures of group 6 metal complexes containing allyl and cyanotrihydroborate groups", "abstract": "Abstract Compounds M(\u03b7 3 -C 3 H 5 )(CO) 2 (NCCH 3 ) 2 (NCBH 3 ) and [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 2 [M(\u03b7 3 -C 3 H 5 )(CO) 2 (NCBH 3 ) 3 ] (M\u00a0=\u00a0Mo, W) were prepared and structurally characterized. In the solid state, the allyl group orients its open face to the two carbonyl groups producing an endo form in the above compounds. In solution, an exo form coexists with an endo form in compound Mo(\u03b7 3 -C 3 H 5 )(CO) 2 (NCCH 3 ) 2 (NCBH 3 ). The cyanotrihydroborate ligand bonds to the metal through a nitrogen atom. Both of the IR and the 11B NMR spectroscopic data suggest the negative charge of the cyanotrihydroborate ligand on the complex is almost localized on the BH 3 and this negative charge only has small effect on the metal\u2013nitrogen interaction.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 96999088, "title": "Synthesis of long-chained oligo-\u03b1-aminopyridines by tandem Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling aminations and their helical dinuclear complexes", "abstract": "Abstract Three novel multidentate long-chained oligo-\u03b1-aminopyridine ligands, nonapyridyloctaamine ( 1 , npoa ), decapyridylnonaamine ( 2 , dpna ), and undecapyridyldecaamine ( 3 , upda ) were synthesized successfully by tandem Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling aminations. The helical structures of protonated ligand npoa { 4 , [H 4 \u00b7 npoa ](SO 3 CF 3 ) 4 } and the related dinuclear complexes 5 \u2013 10 were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffractions.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 100674494, "title": "Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Water-Soluble Ruthenium(II) Complexes Bearing a Naphthyridine\u2013Carboxylate Ligand", "abstract": "The synthesis of water-soluble (\u03b76-arene)ruthenium(II) complexes based on pyrazolyl\u2013naphthyridine ligands modified with a carboxylate group is reported. The complexes are easily accessible in good yields via complexation of [(arene)RuCl2]2 with 7-pyrazolyl-1,8-naphthyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1). All complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic and elemental analyses. The complexes {[Ru(\u03b76-arene)(N,N\u2032-1)Cl]Cl} (arene = benzene (5), p-cymene (6)) were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. These complexes are soluble in water (ca. 10 mg/mL) and are catalytically active in hydrogen-transfer reduction of carbonyl compounds in aqueous medium with the use of HCOOH/HCOONa as the hydrogen source.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 96117059, "title": "Synthesis and reactivity of ditungsten helical complex W2(CO)6(\u03bc-Ph2PCCPPh2)3", "abstract": "Abstract Reaction of W(CO) 3 (Me 3 tach) (Me 3 tach\ue6051,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane) with Ph 2 PC\ue606CPPh 2 at room temperature affords a triply-bridged complex W 2 (CO) 6 (\u03bc-Ph 2 PC\ue606CPPh 2 ) 3 ( 1 ) and a vinylidene complex W 2 (CO) 6 (\u03bc-Ph 2 PC\ue606CPPh 2 )[\u03bc-C 4 H(PPh 2 ) 3 ] ( 2 ). Compound 2 can be obtained by treating 1 with Me 3 tach in dichloromethane. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 are determined by an X-ray diffraction study. The structure of 1 depicts a helical M 2 L 3 framework with an idealized D 3 symmetry. The vinylidene group of 2 is not linear, with the W\ue605C\ue605C bond angle of 158.6(4)\u00b0.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 96924036, "title": "Ruthenium(II) \u03b76-arene complexes containing a dinucleating ligand based on 1,8-naphthyridine", "abstract": "Abstract Ruthenium arene complexes, [(\u03b7 6 - p -cymene) 2 Ru 2 (L)Cl 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 [ 3b , L\u00a0=\u00a02, 7-bis(di-2-pyridinyl)-1,8-naphthyridine] and [(\u03b7 6 - p -cymene)Ru(L\u2032)Cl](PF 6 ) [ 4 , L\u2032\u00a0=\u00a0tri(2-pyridinyl)amine], were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The molecular structure of [(\u03b76- p -cymene)2Ru2(L)Cl2]Cl 2 ( 3a ) was further determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The use of these ruthenium complexes as pre-catalysts for oxidative coupling of 1,2-diols/1,2-aminoalcohol with o- phenylenediamines leading to quinoxalines was investigated. Complex 3b appeared to be a good catalyst for this transformation.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 94067730, "title": "From Homonuclear Metal String Complexes to Heteronuclear Metal String Complexes", "abstract": "Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Shie-Ming Peng at the National Taiwan University in Taipei, Taiwan. The cover image shows a \u201cvending machine\u201d that generates heteronuclear metal string complexes. By inserting coins, representing suitable ligands, into the machine and selecting the desired combination of buttons, representing the metal ions, tailored complexes can be prepared! These chain-like complexes offer an excellent electron-transporting platform with potential applications as functional molecular wires.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 95937645, "title": "A novel triruthenium metal string complex with naphthylridylamide ligand: Synthesis, structure, magnetism, and molecular conductance", "abstract": "Abstract A triruthenium metal string, [Ru 3 (npa) 4 (NCS) 2 ][PF 6 ] ( 1 ), supported by naphthylridylamide (npa) ligands was successfully synthesized and is reported in this work. X-ray single crystal analysis shows that compound 1 exhibits a nonlinear [Ru 3 ] 7\u00a0+ backbone (\u2220\u00a0=\u00a0170.26(3)\u00b0) with long Ru\u2013Ru bond lengths (2.3554(8) A). The long Ru\u2013Ru distances observed for 1 decrease the Ru\u2013Ru interactions and electric conductance. Magnetic measurements indicate that compound 1 is in a S\u00a0=\u00a01/2 state. DFT calculations suggest that this unpaired electron occupies the \u03c0 \u204e orbital which is stabilized by \u03c0-acid NCS \u2212 ligands and thus weakening the Ru\u2013Ru \u03c0 interaction.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 95037408, "title": "Comparative Study on Molecular Weight of Konjac Glucomannan by Gel Permeation Chromatography-Laser Light Scattering-Refractive Index and Laser Light-Scattering Methods", "abstract": "The gel permeation chromatography, combined with laser light scattering and refractive index (GPC-LLS-RI) online method and laser light scattering (LLS) single method, researched the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of konjac glucomannan (KGM) in this paper. The results show that the determination results of molecular weight of KGM are similar by two method, the molecular weight of KGM is \u2009g/mol by online method measured, and it is \u2009g/mol by single method measured, compared with only 1.3% difference between the two methods. At the same time, the molecular weight distributions of KGM and conformation index were analyzed by online method, while the second virial coefficient () that characterizes the interaction between KGM molecules and solvent molecules was acquired by single method, which can provide reliable foundation for the molecular chain morphology research of KGM."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 135391921, "title": "Study on Preparation of KGM-Based Microcapsule", "abstract": "The konjac glucomannan(KGM)-based microcapsules were prepared in the technical process with the main membrane of KGM and the core of VE by piercing method. The morphology, particle size and its distribution, embedding rate and drug loading, encapsulation yield of microcapsules were analyzed by biologic photomicroscope, laser diffract instrument and the infrared spectrum.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 55290723, "title": "Analysis of Puerarin and Chemical Compositions Changes in Kudzu Root during Growth Period", "abstract": "The kudzu root is one of the earliest medicinal plants listed in traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, chemical compositions changes of kudzu roots from one year old to five years old were analyzed with respect to puerarin, acid-insoluble polysaccharides, acid-soluble polysaccharides, reducing sugar, protein, free amino acids, and lipid. In addition, the puerarin content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The results showed that acid-soluble polysaccharides content of kudzu root increased with each growth period. In contrast, the acid-insoluble polysaccharides decreased significantly. The contents of reducing sugar and puerarin in kudzu root decreased significantly during its growth period. Beyond that, the contents of protein, free amino acids, and lipid in kudzu root ranged from 31.8 to 45.8\u2009g/kg, 2.21 to 4.33\u2009g/kg, and 32.2 to 76.9\u2009g/kg, respectively. The trend of protein content coincided with the total content of free amino acids, in contrast to lipid. This paper provides a set of data and the select of kudzu root for the processing and development of new products of kudzu root.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 110026311, "title": "An Improvement of the Preparation Method of Carboxymethyl Konjac Glucomannan", "abstract": "The improvement of the preparation method for carboxy methylation of konjac glucomannan (KGM) was proposed in this paper according to molecular structural characteristics of KGM. Carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CMK) were yielded by first blending KGM with etherification agent and then basifying and catalyzing in ethanol. Through single factor and orthogonal experiments, the effects of reaction conditions on degree of substitution (DS) and apparent viscosity (\u03b7) were investigated, and the optimum reaction conditions were obtained as follow: 55\u00b0C, pH12 for 3 hours. The results indicate that the maximal value of DS and \u03b7 were 0.5278 and 15.57Pa\u2022s respectively. The reaction mechanism for carboxymethyl of KGM was proposed and checked by infrared spectra. Meanwhile, it is showed that the properties of CMK were rather good in terms of hydrated rate and hydrosol transmittance.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 110193316, "title": "Study on Molecule Dimension of Different Granularity Konjac Glucomannan", "abstract": "In this paper, the relativity on the granularity with different mesh of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and molecular dimension was discussed. Laser particle size analyzer, laser light scattering and digital polarimeter were used to analyze the granularity distribution, molecular characteristics and polarity of KGM. The results showed that the granularity of KGM after gradient refining was gradually decreased and KGM was well dispersed in ethanol(D50=13.11\u03bcm).The Mw of KGM was gradually decreased with its granularity decrease and its molecular conformation was from globular to linear structure. The space asymmetry of KGM at 80-100 meshes was minimum and its polarity was maximum. The primary establishment on the relativity offered the references to KGM theoretical research and practical application.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 110885462, "title": "Effect of the Environment Factors on KGM Molecular Dimension", "abstract": "In this paper, the effect of environment factors on KGM molecular dimension was discussed, such as ultrasonic, enzyme, concentration and temperature. The KGM polarity, molecular weight (Mw) and conformation were analyzed by digital polarimeter and LLS. The result indicated that the polarity change influenced by temperature and ultrasonic accorded with linear function equation. Mw of KGM gradually decreased with ultrasonic time and concentration of enzyme increase. The concentration of KGM was lower, the effect was more obviously. The changes of KGM Mw also brought regular change of molecular conformation. All offers the reference to reliabletheoretical foundations on controlling KGM molecular dimension and industrial application in exploiting KGM potential function and activity.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 37955792, "title": "[Detecting MTHFR gene mutation with a new approach: molecular beacons].", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE\nTo detect the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene C677T mutation with molecular beacon technique and assess the revant applicability.\n\n\nMETHODS\nA total of 228 samples were analyzed using molecular beacons which are oligonucleotide probes to become fluorescent upon hybridization. Wild-type molecular beacon and mutant beacon were designed to detect the genotypes of MTHFR gene.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAnalysis of the 228 samples indicated that there were three genotypes including 41 homozygous mutants, 113 heterozygous individuals and 74 wild-type individuals. Every sample was identified clearly.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe present method, a closed-tube PCR/hybridization assay, is a simple, high-throughput and fast procedure that is fully automated for detecting gene mutation.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 10049889, "title": "Simulation and experiment verification of differential pressure sensor with magnetic fluid", "abstract": "A new type of sensor with magnetic fluid (MF) for differential pressure, based on MFpsilas unique features of both liquidity and magnetic properties is introduced in this paper. A model of this sensor is given, and magnetic filed in the model is simulated and analyzed in this paper. The simulation results show that the theory inference is reliable. Some experimental studies on the sensor model are analyzed. The simulation results are compared with the experiment results in some aspects. This sensor has advantages of simplicity of design and construction, high linearity, etc.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 95108295, "title": "Rapid analysis of essential oils in fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. by microwave distillation and simultaneous headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry", "abstract": "A method based on microwave distillation (MD) and simultaneous headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was developed for the rapid determination of essential oils in fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq., a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). HS-SPME conditions, including SPME fiber, desorption time, and microwave parameters (irradiation power and time), were optimized. The method simultaneously accomplishes the isolation, extraction and concentration of the essential oils. Compared to the conventional steam distillation (SD) method, which could only recover 35 compounds, MD-SPME led to the separation and identification of 53 compounds in the essential oils of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. fruits. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the MD-SPME-GC-MS method are all less than 8%, which shows that it has satisfactory precision. The MD-SPME-GC-MS method developed in this study is simple, rapid and solvent-free, and it shows promise for routine analysis of essential oils in fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. and, potentially, other TCMs.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 97527942, "title": "Synthesis and luminescent properties of nano-scale LuAG:RE3+ (Ce, Eu) phosphors prepared by co-precipitation method", "abstract": "Nano-scale Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 (LuAG) and LuAG:RE 3+ (Ce, Eu) phosphors were synthesized through co-precipitation method by using metal nitrates as the starting materials and NH 4 HCO 3 solution as precipitant. Heat treatment was performed in the temperature range from 800 to 1100 \u00b0C. The crystal structure and morphology were analyzed by means of XRD and TEM. The results indicate that the cubic garnet phase of LuAG is obtained at 900 \u00b0C, and the particle size varies with the sintering temperature. The excitation spectra in UV and VUV range and the emission spectra of samples RE 3+ (Ce, Eu) doped LuAG were measured. YAG:RE 3+ (Ce, Eu) powders were also synthesized using the same method. And the spectra of the YAG:RE 3+ were compared with that of LuAG:RE 3+ .", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 95033792, "title": "Tunable Synthesis of 3D ZnS Architectures and the Optical Properties", "abstract": "The complex 3D ZnS architectures with two morphologies\u2014sea urchin-like and flower-like structure\u2014have been synthesized by changing the solvent under solvothermal conditions. The morphology, phase structure and optical properties of the products have been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results show that the as-prepared two kinds of 3D ZnS architectures show wurtzite structure and are highly crystalline. Two emission bands and a broad emission band are observed for sea urchin-like and flower-like structure, respectively, and attributed to defects and elemental S surface states luminescence.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 6942130, "title": "EFCon: Energy flow control for sustainable wireless sensor networks", "abstract": "The rapid advances in processor, memory, and radio technology enable the development of small, inexpensive sensor nodes that are capable of sensing, computation, and communication. However, the severe energy constraints of the sensors present major challenges for long-term applications. In order to achieve sustainability, environmental energy harvesting has been demonstrated as a promising approach. In this work, the energy utilization scheme is investigated for wireless sensor networks with energy harvesting nodes. The energy utilization system is divided to three parts: energy harvesting, energy consuming and energy storage. Then the sustainability problem is formulated as an energy flow control problem. An energy flow control system, called EFCon, is proposed to keep the balance between energy supplies and demands. EFCon consists of two phases, energy flow direction control and flow rate control. In the phase of energy flow direction control, the system dynamically switches among four patterns: flood flow, direct flow, compensate flow, and backup flow, according to current environmental energy condition and the residual energy condition. Once the energy flow direction is determined, a corresponding energy flow rate control strategy will be adopted for efficient energy utilization. The EFCon is implemented and validated by a long-term deployment in real testbeds. The experimental results indicate that the EFCon outperforms existing designs."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 19622376, "title": "Highly shape-selective synthesis, silica coating, self-assembly, and magnetic hydrogen sensing of hematite nanoparticles.", "abstract": "The open forced hydrolysis method and controllable silica growth based on bound water to polyvinylpyrrolidone molecules have been developed for the highly shape (including rhombohedra, semispheres, and rods) selective synthesis, self-assembly, and uniform silica coating (in the unprecedented range of 5-200 nm) of hematite nanoparticles. The open system realizes the direct short-range self-assembly of hematite semispheres in their growth process. The bound water method has been extended to coat gold nanoparticles with tunable silica shell and directly assemble the cores into one-dimensional, dimer, and trimer nanostructures during the coating process. The silica coating increases the particle stability and monodispersity even as hematite is modified into ferromagnetic Fe(3)O(4). The hematite@silica core-shell spheres are assembled into long-range ordered structures with considerable photonic bandgap for the first time due to their high monodispersity. By exploiting the hematite antiferromagnetism caused by the superexchange interaction via intervening oxygen ions that are sensitive to hydrogen, a novel hydrogen sensing based on magnetization variations is achieved in the hematite assemblies. Weakening the antiferromagnetism by reducing the hematite size and/or covering the hematite surface by silica coating suppresses the sensitivity to hydrogen, showing that the antiferromagnetic spin variations on the hematite surface are responsible for the gas sensing.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 108119392, "title": "DISCOVERY AND ANALYSIS ON CAVI-TATION IN PIEZOELECTRIC PUMPS", "abstract": "The contributing factors for the cavitation in piezoelectric pumps are analyzed,theoretically, and the device fitting for observing and recording is set up. With it the experiments are carried out to observe the emergence and the flowing of the cavitations in the piezoelectric pumps. According to the statistic and the analysis to the data of the experiments, the peculiar features are discovered. These features are composed of balls-amassing, center-more, and flow-out.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 58889611, "title": "Active Vibration Suppression of a 3-DOF Flexible Parallel Manipulator Using Efficient Modal Control", "abstract": "This paper addresses the dynamic modeling and efficient modal control of a planar parallel manipulator (PPM) with three flexible linkages actuated by linear ultrasonic motors (LUSM). To achieve active vibration control, multiple lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers are mounted on the flexible links as vibration sensors and actuators. Based on Lagrange\u2019s equations, the dynamic model of the flexible links is derived with the dynamics of PZT actuators incorporated. Using the assumed mode method (AMM), the elastic motion of the flexible links are discretized under the assumptions of pinned-free boundary conditions, and the assumed mode shapes are validated through experimental modal test. Efficient modal control (EMC), in which the feedback forces in different modes are determined according to the vibration amplitude or energy of their own, is employed to control the PZT actuators to realize active vibration suppression. Modal filters are developed to extract the modal displacements and velocities from the vibration sensors. Numerical simulation and vibration control experiments are conducted to verify the proposed dynamic model and controller. The results show that the EMC method has the capability of suppressing multimode vibration simultaneously, and both the structural and residual vibrations of the flexible links are effectively suppressed using EMC approach.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 209345590, "title": "A New Type Butterfly-Shaped Transducer Linear Ultrasonic Motor", "abstract": "This article presents a new type butterfly-shaped transducer linear ultrasonic motor, which utilizes symmetrical modal and anti-symmetric modal of a composite piezoelectric transducer. First, the drive principle of the motor and the formation of the elliptical trajectory of particles on the surface of the driving feet are analyzed. The use of the symmetric modal and anti-symmetric modal of the transducer (stator) realizes the function of driving the slider pressed on the driving feet twice in one cycle. Second, two key problems combined with the design processes of the motor are discussed: frequency consistency adjustment and mounting of the stator to ensure both the high stiffness in the driving direction and elasticity in the direction along which the slider is pressed against the stator. Finally, experimental investigation of the characteristics of the motor is presented. The maximum no-load speed is 870 mm/s, the maximum thrust is 24 N, and the maximum efficiency is 44%.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 96600482, "title": "Two\u2010 and Three\u2010Dimensional Ordered Structures of Hollow Silver Spheres Prepared by Colloidal Crystal Templating", "abstract": null, "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 14587381, "title": "Load-balanced Route Discovery for Wireless Sensor Networks", "abstract": "Wireless se nsor n etworks have received academia research attention at present. A typically task in a wireless sensor network is that every sensor node senses its local environment and, upon request, sends the data of interest back to the sink node. The energy-constrain sensors in wireless sensor networks operate on limited batteries, so it is a very important issue to use energy efficiently and reduce power consumption. Most recent routing protocols tend to find the minimum energy cost path to lower energy usage for all routing paths, thus, they may lead to some of the nodes deplete their energy quickly. To maximize the network survivability by using equal energy among as many nodes as possible , this paper presents a novel load balancing multipath routing algorithm . In the paper, the sensor networks are constructed into a layered network. Based on the layered network, we propose a load balanced algorithm for constructing multiple routing paths to transmit data. The protocol spreads the routing load between the source and destination nodes over a large number of sensor nodes to minimize disparity in the energy levels of the sensor nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can prolong the network life effectively and enhance the data transmission efficiency.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 14337276, "title": "An Efficient Key Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks in Hostile Environments", "abstract": "Key management in sensor networks is the core security protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the hostile environment. Sensor nodes have highly constrained resource like limited battery power, memory, processing capabilities, etc. These limitations make infeasible to apply traditional key management techniques such as public key cryptography in the WSNs. For the existing key pre-distribution schemes, as the number of compromised nodes increases, the fraction of affected pairwise keys increase quickly. As a result, a small number of compromised nodes may affect a large fraction of pairwise. In this paper, we present an efficient key management scheme to deal with this problem. In the proposed scheme, after pairwise key establishment all attackers can't get any key information of uncompromised sensor nodes from compromised sensors. The analysis shows that this scheme provides robustness in design and outperforms the previous schemes in term of the network resiliency against the node capture without increasing the memory requirement.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 17213847, "title": "A Strong Key Pre-distribution Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks", "abstract": "Key agreement is paramount for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) security. Many key pre-distribution schemes have been developed to establish pair wise keys for WSNs. In WSNs, node capture attack is the most serious attack. And existing scheme can not offer strong resilience against node capture attack. In order to improve the resiliency of against sensor nodes capture, this paper proposes an improved key-distribution scheme, which uses Hash function to stop an adversary to get information of non-compromised sensor nodes from the compromised sensor nodes. The proposed scheme can provide the best resilience against sensor nodes captured and the probability of links between any sensor nodes are compromised is zero after pair wise keys establishment.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 18143451, "title": "A Weighted DV-Hop Localization Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks", "abstract": "Localization is an important problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), since location information is widely requested in various location-dependent applications. As one of the range-free localization algorithm DV-Hop, a well known localization algorithm, can be simply implement in real WSNs. To improve the accuracy of localization, this paper proposes an improved DV-Hop algorithm. The proposed algorithm is derived from DV-Hop algorithm, and uses weight of anchors to improve localization accuracy without needing no additional hardware device. Simulation results show that the improved DV-Hop algorithm can provide more accurate location estimation than the DV-Hop algorithm.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 51951122, "title": "An Efficient Key Predistribution Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks via Combinatorial Design", "abstract": "As Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are usually deployed in remote or even hostile environment, the adoption of security mechanism is fundamental. To achieve secure communication between sensor nodes in WSNs, it is important to establish efficient key predistribution schemes. Unfortunately, key management scheme is a challenging issue for WSNs because of the resource limitations in the sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose an efficient key management scheme for WSNs, which assigns the key spaces to sensor nodes via combinatorial design. In the scheme Finite Projective Plane is mapped to obtain efficient key distribution scheme. Connectivity, resistance against attacks, storage and communication overhead are studied analytically and computationally. Compared to related schemes, the proposed scheme performs better against compromised node attacks.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 154840538, "title": "Pricing foreign equity options with regime-switching", "abstract": "In this paper, we investigate the valuation of two types of foreign equity options under a Markovian regime-switching mean-reversion lognormal model, where some key model parameters in the dynamics of the foreign equity price and the foreign exchange rate are modulated by a continuous-time, finite-state Markov chain. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) approach is applied to provide an efficient way to evaluate the option prices. Numerical analysis and empirical studies are provided to illustrate the practical implementation of the proposed pricing model."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 34058370, "title": "Optimal control of mean-field jump-diffusion systems with delay: A stochastic maximum principle approach", "abstract": "This paper is concerned with an optimal control problem under mean-field jump-diffusion systems with delay. Firstly, some existence and uniqueness results are proved for a jump-diffusion mean-field stochastic delay differential equation and a jump-diffusion mean-field advanced backward stochastic differential equation. Then necessary and sufficient maximum principles for control systems of mean-field type and with delay are established under certain conditions. A mean-field, delayed, linear-quadratic control problem is finally discussed using the obtained maximum principles.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 153983566, "title": "Option Valuation Under a Double Regime-Switching Model", "abstract": "This paper is concerned with option valuation under a double regime\u2010switching model, where both the model parameters and the price level of the risky share depend on a continuous\u2010time, finite\u2010state, observable Markov chain. In this incomplete market set up, we first employ a generalized version of the regime\u2010switching Esscher transform to select an equivalent martingale measure which can incorporate both the diffusion and regime\u2010switching risks. Using an inverse Fourier transform, an analytical option pricing formula is obtained. Finally, we apply the fast Fourier transform method to compute option prices. Numerical examples and empirical studies are used to illustrate the practical implementation of our method. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:451\u2013478, 2014", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 11861088, "title": "Maximum principle for mean-field jump-diffusion stochastic delay differential equations and its application to finance", "abstract": "Abstract This paper investigates a stochastic optimal control problem with delay and of mean-field type, where the controlled state process is governed by a mean-field jump\u2013diffusion stochastic delay differential equation. Two sufficient maximum principles and one necessary maximum principle are established for the underlying system. As an application, a bicriteria mean\u2013variance portfolio selection problem with delay is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed techniques. Under certain conditions, explicit expressions are provided for the efficient portfolio and the efficient frontier, which are as elegant as those in the classical mean\u2013variance problem without delays.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 35276070, "title": "A revisit to stochastic near-optimal controls: The critical case", "abstract": "Abstract This paper revisits the stochastic near-optimal control problem considered in Zhou (1998), where the stochastic system is given by a controlled stochastic differential equation with the control variable taking values in a general control space and entering both the drift and diffusion coefficients. A necessary condition of near-optimality is derived using Ekeland\u2019s variational principle, spike variation techniques, and some delicate estimates for the state and the adjoint processes. We improve the error bound of order from \u201calmost\u201d e 1 3 in Zhou (1998) to \u201cexactly\u201d e 1 3 .", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 153397449, "title": "Optimal investment\u2013reinsurance strategy for mean\u2013variance insurers with square-root factor process", "abstract": "This paper studies an optimal investment\u2013reinsurance problem for an insurer with a surplus process represented by the Cramer\u2013Lundberg model. The insurer is assumed to be a mean\u2013variance optimizer. The financial market consists of one risk-free asset and one risky asset. The market price of risk depends on a Markovian, affine-form, square-root stochastic factor process, while the volatility and appreciation rate of the risky asset are given by non-Markovian, unbounded processes. The insurer faces the decision-making problem of choosing to purchase reinsurance, acquire new business and invest its surplus in the financial market such that the mean and variance of its terminal wealth is maximized and minimized simultaneously. We adopt a backward stochastic differential equation approach to solve the problem. Closed-form expressions for the efficient frontier and efficient strategy of the mean\u2013variance problem are derived. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate our results in two special cases, the constant elasticity of variance model and Heston\u2019s model.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 2592163, "title": "Static Hedging of Geometric Average Asian Options with Standard Options", "abstract": "In this article, we first establish a theorem that represents the price of an Asian option in terms of standard European options with a shorter term and different strikes. Then using Gauss\u2013Hermite numerical integration, we discretize our theorem so as to use Monte Carlo simulation to examine the error of the static hedging under the Black\u2013Scholes model and the Merton jump-diffusion model. For ease of comparison, we also provide the error of the dynamic hedging. The numerical results show that the static hedging strategy performs better than the dynamic one under both models.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 110523382, "title": "ISM based Correlation Analysis on Culture Industry Categories", "abstract": "The core category of cultural industry determination is an important research topic for decision-making in the cultural industry development. However, because of the insufficiency of statistics data and the difference in measurement, objective analysis on category correlation of cultural industry is difficult. This paper presents a cultural industry category correlation model with the empirical analysis using ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling Method). Based on experts\u2019 judgment and knowledge, this approach can generate the reachability matrix and construct the directed digraph to analyze the correlation degree of different culture industry categories. Through this analysis model, some convincing recommendations are also provided in the end.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 109521290, "title": "General analytical model for calculating electromagnetic performance of permanent magnet brushless machines having segmented Halbach array", "abstract": "Since a Halbach array exhibits a number of attractive features, it has been increasingly applied to different market sectors, including aerospace, industrial, domestic, renewable and healthcare and so on. The need of fast global optimisation, cost-effective design and physical understanding of the relationship between parameters and performance requires a powerful analytical model. Hence, this study develops a general analytical model which is capable of predicting the electromagnetic performance of slotted/slotless permanent magnet (PM) brushless machines with both even- and odd-segment Halbach array, having different magnet remanence, magnetisation angle and arc for each single magnet segment. The emphasis has been on the magnetisation which is the key in analytical modelling of PM machines having a segmented Halbach array and its investigation. The validity of proposed analytical model is extensively examined by finite-element analyses, together with its applications for global optimisation and comparative study.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 18141612, "title": "Design of PKI and Password Protected Card-Based Double Authentication Single Sign-On System", "abstract": "To design a more secure and efficient single sign-on system, this paper analyzed the popular single sign-on systems and then introduced the original design model of SSO, due to the limitation of the original design model, we present the proposed design model named as PKI and password protected card-based single sign-on system (3PC-SSO), which combines the advantages of Kerberos and PKI-based single sign-on system. Finally, we analyze two problems of 3PC-SSO and discuss the future work.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 18499733, "title": "Stock trends prediction by hypergraph modeling", "abstract": "This paper presents a new stock price trends prediction algorithm using hypergraph model. Hypergraph modeling offers a significant advantage over traditional graph modeling in terms of triadic or higher relationship description within different stock portfolios over a certain period of time. Under the hypergraph model, each stock will be abstracted as a vertex of hypergraph; the hyperedges can be built by seeking the synchronous relationship of the stocks trends. In order to acquire more refined hyperedges and to avoid the tremendous growing quantity of hyperedges, we employ the frequent item sets to construct hyperedges. Therefore the prediction problem for stock trends is converted to hypergraph partitioning problem. Multilevel paradigm is then applied to do hypergraph partitioning instead of the traditional recursive bisection paradigm. Thus we get a series of stocks section, and the stock price trends can be concluded by analysis the whole section. Experiment result shows that our proposed scheme achieves fine stock trend prediction and the computation is significantly fast as well.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 96076687, "title": "Copolymerization of chiral propargylethers and N-propargylamide and conformational control of the copolymers", "abstract": "The novel acetylene monomers, L-proline-derived chiral propargylether (PA, PC, PL, and PM) were synthesized. The copolymerization of L-proline-based propargylether having amide group (PR) with N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-alanine-N-propargylamide (LA) by different unit ratio and the control of conformation of poly(LA-co-PR) were discussed. The copolymerization catalyzed by (nbd)Rh+[\u03b7 6-C6H5B\u2212(C6H5)3] afforded copolymers with medium M n. The specific rotation of poly(LA88-co-PA12), poly(LA88-co-PC12), and poly(LA88-co-PL12) was 250\u00b0, 967\u00b0, and 1117\u00b0, respectively. The specific rotation of poly(LA-co-PC) ranged from \u2212967\u00b0 to \u2212167\u00b0. Conformation change of poly(LA88-co-PR12) and poly(LA-co-PC) in different solvents was studied and it was found that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the side chain significantly contribute to the stabilization of helical conformation of the copolymers and that solvent polarity strongly affected the stability of helical conformation. The helical structure of poly(LA88-co-PL12) was affected by temperature change."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 22039410, "title": "Synthesis of polysaccharide-block-polypeptide copolymer for potential co-delivery of drug and plasmid DNA.", "abstract": "A pH-sensitive, biodegradable, and biocompatible polysaccharide-block-polypeptide Copolymer derivative {Ac-Dex-b-PAsp(DET)} is synthetized from acetal-modified dextran (Ac-Dex) and diethylenetriamine (DET) grafted poly(L-aspartic acid) {PAsp(DET)} by using click and aminolysis reaction. The copolymer can self-assemble into cationic nanopaticles for potential co-delivery of plasmid DNA (pEGFP-N3) and anticancer drug (doxorubicin, DOX), by using water/oil/water (w/o/w) emulsion method. Gel retardation assay reveals that pDNA can be effectively complexed into cationic nanoparticles at N/P ratio = 12. In vitro drug release behavior of DOX-NPs and DOX/pDNA-NPs is achieved by using fluorescence spectra and UV-Vis spectra and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). And, pEGFP-N3-NPs at N/P ratio = 42 presents the considerable potential in cell transfection. Cell viability assay shows that nanoparticles exhibit low cell cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the copolymer has excellent performance and potential for the co-delivery of gene and drugs.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 24395224, "title": "Identification of glycoproteins containing specific glycans using a lectin-chemical method.", "abstract": "Glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications. Each glycoprotein can be glycosylated at multiple glycosites, and each glycosites can be modified by different glycans. Due to this heterogeneity of glycosylation, it has proven difficult to study the structure-function relationship of specific glycans and their affected glycoproteins. Here, we report a novel method for rapid and quantitative identification of glycoproteins containing specific glycans. Lectin affinity isolations are followed by chemical immobilization of the captured glycopeptides, allowing the identification of glycoproteins containing specific glycans by subsequent mass spectrometry. The application of the method should be useful to facilitate our understanding of how changes in glycan associate with diseases, and to discover novel glycoproteins with certain glycans that could serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 54026647, "title": "A comparison of different pretreatments on hydrogen fermentation from waste sludge by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix with regional integration analysis", "abstract": "Abstract To gain a better understanding of the influence on hydrogen fermentation with different pretreatments, the compositional and structural characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic matters (DOM) were analyzed during hydrogen fermentation using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with fluorescence regional integration (FRI). In order to accelerate the hydrogen production with waste sludge, multi-enzyme, thermophilic bacteria, heat and microwave were performed for sludge pretreatments. The best method was found to be heating with the maximum hydrogen yield of 15.3\u00a0ml H 2 /g VSS (Volatile suspended solid). EPS and DOM component of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), carbohydrate and protein, the microbial community structure evolutions, soluble metabolite of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ethanol distribution characteristics and pH were also evaluated. Different pretreatments could change the microbial community structure in waste sludge, which led to the diversity of substrates degradation and metabolite with hydrogen bacteria.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 97634118, "title": "Numerical study on laminar burning velocity and NO formation of premixed methane\u2013hydrogen\u2013air flames", "abstract": "Abstract Numerical study on laminar burning velocity and NO formation of the premixed methane\u2013hydrogen\u2013air flames was conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The unstretched laminar burning velocity, adiabatic flame temperature, and radical mole fractions of H, OH and NO are obtained at various equivalence ratios and hydrogen fractions. The results show that the unstretched laminar burning velocity is increased with the increase of hydrogen fraction. Methane-dominated combustion is presented when hydrogen fraction is less than 40%, where laminar burning velocity is slightly increased with the increase of hydrogen addition. When hydrogen fraction is larger than 40%, laminar burning velocity is exponentially increased with the increase of hydrogen fraction. A strong correlation exists between burning velocity and maximum radical concentration of H\u00a0+\u00a0OH radicals in the reaction zone of premixed flames. High burning velocity corresponds to high radical concentration in the reaction zone. With the increase of hydrogen fraction, the overall activation energy of methane\u2013hydrogen mixture is decreased, and the inner layer temperature and Zeldovich number are also decreased. All these factors contribute to the enhancement of combustion as hydrogen is added. The curve of NO versus equivalence ratio shows two peaks, where they occur at the stoichiometric mixture due to Zeldovich thermal-NO mechanism and at the rich mixture with equivalence ratio of 1.3 due to the Fenimore prompt-NO mechanism. In the stoichiometric flames, hydrogen addition has little influence on NO formation, while in rich flames, NO concentration is significantly decreased. Different NO formation responses to stretched and unstretched flames by hydrogen addition are discussed.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 136829992, "title": "Synthesis and Characterization of Ni/CNTs Electrodes and their Supercapacitors Performance", "abstract": "The Ni/Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites for supercapacitor electrode have been synthesized by electroless deposition method. The morphology and structure of Ni/CNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nano-size Ni particles coated the surface of carbon nanotubes. Electrochemical performances of the synthesized composites were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement. The specific capacitance of prepared electrode is up to 281 F/g, which is much higher than acetylene black electrode and pure carbon nanotubes electrode, indicating an effective path for increasing specific capacitance of carbon materials for the appplication of supercapacitors.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 93969921, "title": "Synthesis, crystal structure and catalytic behavior of a novel polyoxometalate-based complex", "abstract": "A novel polyoxometalate-based complex, [(BMI)2(DMDI)(PW12O40)] (1), where BMI is 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and DMDI is 3,3\u2032-dimethyl-1,1\u2032-diimidazolium, was synthesized by the reaction of 12-tungstophosphoric acid with excess 1-butyl-3-methylimizodium chloride. The structure of complex 1 was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical property was determined on a CHI 660 electrochemistry workstation. Subsequently, complex 1 showed a specific and good catalytic behavior for the photo-polymerization of vinyl monomers, and polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions were obtained within 60\u00a0min, and the polymerization showed controlled characteristics. Furthermore, the catalyst can be isolated from polymer product easily and reused for at least 10\u00a0times.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 8613875, "title": "Rapid colorimetric sensing of tetracycline antibiotics with in situ growth of gold nanoparticles.", "abstract": "A colorimetric assay utilizing the formation of gold nanoparticles was developed to detect tetracycline antibiotics in fluidic samples. Tetracycline antibiotics showed the capability of directly reducing aurate salts into atomic gold which form gold nanoparticles spontaneously under proper conditions. The resulted gold nanoparticles showed characteristic plasmon absorbance at 526 nm, which can be visualized by naked eyes or with a spectrophotometer. UV-vis absorbance of the resulted gold nanoparticles is correlated directly with the concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics in the solution, allowing for quantitative colorimetric detection of tetracycline antibiotics. Reaction conditions, such as pH, temperature, reaction time, and ionic strength were optimized. Sensitivity of the colorimetric assay can be enhanced by the addition of gold nanoparticle seeds, a LOD as low as 20 ng mL(-1) can be achieved with the help of seed particles. The colorimetric assay showed minimum interference from ethanol, methanol, urea, glucose, and other antibiotics such as sulfonamides, amino glycosides etc. Validity of the method was also evaluated on urine samples spiked with tetracycline antibiotics. The method provides a broad spectrum detection method for rapid and sensitive detection of reductive substances such as tetracycline antibiotics in liquid and biological samples."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 135787305, "title": "Quality Control Research and Analysis of Fruit and Vegetable in Beijing Supermarket", "abstract": "The research objects are 24 supermarkets in Beijing which have been investigated the procurement channel and quality inspection of fruit and vegetables by visiting market. The results showed that currently there are four supplying modes applied in Beijing area supermarket: self-cultivation base, farmer professional cooperatives, super agricultural butt and supermarket - wholesale market \". And the main quality control measures focus on inspecting supplier and supermarket self-checking and sampling. At the same time, this article also puts forward some recommendations aiming at the supermarket chain of fruit quality control.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 23102020, "title": "Direct detection of \u03b2-agonists by use of gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assays.", "abstract": "\u03b2-Agonists fed to animals for human consumption pose a serious threat to human health. Fast, broad-spectrum detection methods are needed for on-site screening of various types of \u03b2-agonists from animal feeds, meats, and animal body fluids. We developed a colorimetric assay that uses gold nanoparticle (AuNP) plasmon absorption to realize quick detection of \u03b2-agonists from liquid samples. \u03b2-Agonists showed the capability of directly reducing HAuCl(4) into atomic gold, which involved oxidation of the amine or phenol group on the benzene ring of the \u03b2-agonists. The resulting atomic gold formed AuNPs spontaneously, which had strong plasmon absorption at 528 nm. The linear relationship between the concentrations of \u03b2-agonists and the AuNPs plasmon absorbance granted quantitative determination of \u03b2-agonists in solution. The AuNPs colorimetric assay showed different sensitivities toward \u03b2-agonists with different substituent groups on the aromatic ring. \u03b2-Agonists with phenol groups had a lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) than those with amine groups. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the sizes of the AuNPs were in the range 15-25 nm, while X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopic data suggested the smaller particles observed in TEM with lower contrast may be salt particles from the buffer solution. The developed colorimetric assay can potentially be used for the detection of \u03b2-agonists and their analogues from serum, urine, and other liquid samples in the presence of interference from common antibiotics and glucose.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 13428580, "title": "Quantitative analysis of glycerol levels in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.", "abstract": "Glycerol has the latent capacity to act as a plasma volume expander and disguise blood doping practices. Therefore, it has been prohibited in sports as a masking agent by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) since January 2010 and a urinary threshold (1mg/mL) was recommended recently [1]. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate a novel quantitative method for the determination of urinary glycerol concentrations using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach. This simple yet highly specific method made use of the derivatization of glycerol by benzoyl chloride in aqueous solution at 40\u00b0C followed by analysis via LC-ESI-MS/MS without sample pre-concentration or cleanup. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 1.0-1000\u03bcg/mL for glycerol in human urine. The lower limit of detection (LLOD) and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were 0.3\u03bcg/mL and 1.0\u03bcg/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision of the method at three concentration levels (3, 500 and 900\u03bcg/mL) was less than 12.2%. The method also afforded satisfactory results in terms of accuracy, derivatization yield, extraction recovery, matrix effect and specificity. The method has been successfully applied to the detection of glycerol in \"Quality Assurance Program\" samples provided by the World Association of Anti-Doping Scientists (WAADS) and routine doping-control samples in our laboratory.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 11275490, "title": "An improved liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method to quantify formoterol in human urine.", "abstract": "Formoterol is a new threshold substance in the prohibited list 2012 according to World Anti-Doping Agency. Extracted by ethyl acetate using formoterol-D6 as internal standard, formoterol underwent a constant flow rate gradient elution separation in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Subsequently, mass spectrometry analysis was conducted by tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. According to the proposed method, a calibration curve was constructed in the range of 0.2-500 ng/mL (r(2) = 1) with a limit of quantification 0.2 ng/mL. The mean extracted recovery assessed at three different concentrations (1, 30 and 100 ng/mL) was more than 80%. The method was validated by the analysis of three quality control samples from World Association of Anti-Doping Scientists. In conclusion, the developed and validated method was sensitive, accurate and precise for the quanti\ufb01cation of formoterol in human urine for doping control purposes.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 135686055, "title": "A Study of the Method of Manufacturing Bimaterial Composite Parts through Semisolid Metal Processing", "abstract": "This work evaluated the method of manufacturing bimaterial composite parts by semisolid metal processing (SSP) through strain-induced melt-activated thixo-forging. Sn-15\u00a0pct Pb and Pb-30\u00a0pct Sn semisolid alloys were chosen as model alloys. Bimetal composite parts were manufactured successfully by forging the semisolid alloys into the same die simultaneously. Optical photography, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Vickers hardness were employed to characterize the samples. The results showed that the composite semisolid fluid flowed in a laminar way. Globular primary grains in the two semisolid alloys maintained their respective geometry and constitutions. The mixture of two liquid phases was limited in a thin layer beneath the interface between the two semisolid alloys. The absence of an oxide-enriched layer at the interface suggests that the oxide skins of the feedstock were torn during the processing, leading to the formation of metallurgical bonding at the composite interface. This work showed that SSP is a promising technology for bimaterial/multimaterial composite manufacturing. The bimaterial composite parts achieved by SSP have a good composite interface and well-located material distribution.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 30864168, "title": "Electrochemical DNAzyme sensor for lead based on amplification of DNA-Au bio-bar codes.", "abstract": "An electrochemical DNAzyme sensor for sensitive and selective detection of lead ion (Pb(2+)) has been developed, taking advantage of catalytic reactions of a DNAzyme upon its binding to Pb(2+) and the use of DNA-Au bio-bar codes to achieve signal enhancement. A specific DNAzyme for Pb(2+) is immobilized onto an Au electrode surface via a thiol-Au interaction. The DNAzyme hybridizes to a specially designed complementary substrate strand that has an overhang, which in turn hybridizes to the DNA-Au bio-bar code (short oligonucleotides attached to 13 nm gold nanoparticles). A redox mediator, Ru(NH3)6(3+), which can bind to the anionic phosphate of DNA through electrostatic interactions, serves as the electrochemical signal transducer. Upon binding of Pb(2+) to the DNAzyme, the DNAzyme catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of the substrate, resulting in the removal of the substrate strand along with the DNA bio-bar code and the bound Ru(NH3)6(3+) from the Au electrode surface. The release of Ru(NH3)6(3+) results in lower electrochemical signal of Ru(NH3)6(3+) confined on the electrode surface. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signals of Ru(NH3)6(3+) provides quantitative measures of the concentrations of Pb(2+), with a linear calibration ranging from 5 nM to 0.1 microM. Because each nanoparticle carries a large number of DNA strands that bind to the signal transducer molecule Ru(NH3)6(3+), the use of DNA-Au bio-bar codes enhances the detection sensitivity by five times, enabling the detection of Pb(2+) at a very low level (1 nM). The DPV signal response of the DNAzyme sensor is negligible for other divalent metal ions, indicating that the sensor is highly selective for Pb(2+). Although this DNAzyme sensor is demonstrated for the detection of Pb(2+), it has the potential to serve as a general platform for design sensors for other small molecules and heavy metal ions.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 2266205, "title": "Controlled delivery of hollow corn protein nanoparticles via non-toxic crosslinking: in vivo and drug loading study", "abstract": "In this research, controlled delivery of hollow nanoparticles from zein, the corn storage protein, to different organs of mice was achieved via crosslinking using citric acid, a non-toxic polycarboxylic acid derived from starch. Besides, crosslinking significantly enhanced water stability of nanoparticles while preserving their drug loading efficiency. Protein nanoparticles have been widely investigated as vehicles for delivery of therapeutics. However, protein nanoparticles were not stable in physiological conditions, easily cleared by mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), and thus mainly accumulated and degraded in spleen and liver, the major MPS organs. Effective delivery to major non-MPS organs, such as kidney, was usually difficult to achieve, as well as long resident time of nanoparticles. In this research, hollow zein nanoparticles were chemically crosslinked with citric acid. Controlled delivery and prolonged accumulation of the nanoparticles in kidney, one major non-MPS organ, were achieved. The nanoparticles showed improved stability in aqueous environment at pH\u00a07.4 without affecting the adsorption of 5-FU, a common anticancer drug. In summary, citric acid crosslinked hollow zein nanoparticles could be potential vehicles for controllable delivery of anticancer therapeutics.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 121589982, "title": "Coderivatives of the generalized perturbation maps", "abstract": "This paper is devoted to considering the coderivatives of the generalized perturbation maps in general Banach spaces. Under some mild conditions, the upper estimate of coderivatives of the generalized perturbation maps are obtained. Their exact calculus rules are obtained under some additional conditions. Furthermore, the generalized perturbation maps are shown to be differentiably regular under some strong conditions."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 6190765, "title": "Vector equilibrium flows with nonconvex ordering relations", "abstract": "In this note we introduce the concept of vector network equilibrium flows when the ordering cone is the union of finitely many closed and convex cones. We show that the set of vector network equilibrium flows is equal to the intersection of finitely many sets, where each set is a collection of vector equilibrium flows with respect to a closed and convex cone. Sufficient and necessary conditions for a vector equilibrium flow are presented in terms of scalar equilibrium flows.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 198934962, "title": "GENERALIZED KY FAN MINIMAX INEQUALITIES FOR SET-VALUED MAPPINGS", "abstract": "In this paper, by virtue of the Ky Fan section theorem, the Kakutani-FanGlicksberg fixed point theorem and two nonlinear scalarization functions, we investigate some generalized Ky Fan minimax inequalities for set-valued mappings, in which the minimization and the maximization of set-valued mappings are taken in the sense of vector optimization.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 33617602, "title": "H\u00f6lder Continuity of Solutions to Parametric Weak Generalized Ky Fan Inequality", "abstract": "In this paper, by using a scalarization technique, we obtain sufficient conditions for H\u00f6lder continuity of the solution mapping for a parametric weak generalized Ky Fan Inequality in the case where the solution mapping is a general set-valued one. The result is different from the recent ones in the literature.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 119946520, "title": "Tightly Proper Efficiency in Vector Optimization with Nearly Cone-Subconvexlike Set-Valued Maps", "abstract": "A scalarization theorem and two Lagrange multiplier theorems are established for tightly proper efficiency in vector optimization involving nearly cone-subconvexlike set-valued maps. A dual is proposed, and some duality results are obtained in terms of tightly properly efficient solutions. A new type of saddle point, which is called tightly proper saddle point of an appropriate set-valued Lagrange map, is introduced and is used to characterize tightly proper efficiency.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 121272576, "title": "Levitin-Polyak well-posedness of generalizedvector quasi-equilibrium problems", "abstract": "In this paper, Levitin-Polyak well-posedness for two classes of \ngeneralized vector quasi-equilibrium problems is introduced. \nCriteria and characterizations of the Levitin-Polyak well-posedness \nare investigated. By virtue of gap functions for the generalized \nvector quasi-equilibrium problems, some equivalent relations are \nobtained between the Levitin-Polyak well-posedness for optimization \nproblems and the Levitin-Polyak well-posedness for generalized \nvector quasi-equilibrium problems. Finally, a set-valued version of \nEkeland's variational principle is derived and applied to establish \na sufficient condition for Levitin-Polyak well-posedness of a class \nof generalized vector quasi-equilibrium problems.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 122562822, "title": "Generalized Higher-Order Optimality Conditions for Set-Valued Optimization under Henig Efficiency", "abstract": "In this paper, generalized mth-order contingent epiderivative and generalized mth-order epiderivative of set-valued maps are introduced, respectively. By virtue of the generalized mth-order epiderivatives, generalized necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are obtained for Henig efficient solutions to a set-valued optimization problem whose constraint set is determined by a fixed set. Generalized Kuhn\u2013Tucker type necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are also obtained for Henig efficient solutions to a set-valued optimization problem whose constraint set is determined by a set-valued map.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 12961191, "title": "Fast multi-exposure image fusion with median filter and recursive filter", "abstract": "This paper proposes a weighted sum based multi-exposure image fusion method which consists of two main steps: three image features composed of local contrast, brightness and color dissimilarity are first measured to estimate the weight maps refined by recursive filtering. Then, the fused image is constructed by weighted sum of source images. The main advantage of the proposed method lies in a recursive filter based weight map refinement step which is able to obtain accurate weight maps for image fusion. Another advantage is that a novel histogram equalization and median filter based motion detection method is proposed for fusing multi-exposure images in dynamic scenes which contain motion objects. Furthermore, the proposed method is quite fast and thus can be directly used for most consumer cameras. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of subjective and objective evaluation.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 6372823, "title": "Extended Random Walker-Based Classification of Hyperspectral Images", "abstract": "This paper introduces a novel spectral-spatial classification method for hyperspectral images based on extended random walkers (ERWs), which consists of two main steps. First, a widely used pixelwise classifier, i.e., the support vector machine (SVM), is adopted to obtain classification probability maps for a hyperspectral image, which reflect the probabilities that each hyperspectral pixel belongs to different classes. Then, the obtained pixelwise probability maps are optimized with the ERW algorithm that encodes the spatial information of the hyperspectral image in a weighted graph. Specifically, the class of a test pixel is determined based on three factors, i.e., the pixelwise statistics information learned by a SVM classifier, the spatial correlation among adjacent pixels modeled by the weights of graph edges, and the connectedness between the training and test samples modeled by random walkers. Since the three factors are all well considered in the ERW-based global optimization framework, the proposed method shows very good classification performances for three widely used real hyperspectral data sets even when the number of training samples is relatively small.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 26193459, "title": "Image-based seat belt detection", "abstract": "This paper presents a novel method for the detection of seat belt in a monitoring image which contains the full scene information of the moving car. First, the driver area is located based on the vehicle outline. Then the potential seat belt edges are detected by an effective algorithm based on the direction information measure in the HSV color space, and the result is finally obtained by further verification of the edges. Experiments demonstrate the method makes a good performance even with noisy images.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 14382943, "title": "Multimodal image fusion with joint sparsity model", "abstract": "Image fusion combines multiple images of the same scene into a single image which is suitable for human perception and practical applications. Different images of the same scene can be viewed as an ensemble of intercorrelated images. This paper proposes a novel mul- timodal image fusion scheme based on the joint sparsity model which is derived from the distributed compressed sensing. First, the source images are jointly sparsely represented as common and innovation components using an over-complete dictionary. Second, the common and innovations sparse coefficients are combined as the jointly sparse coeffi- cients of the fused image. Finally, the fused result is reconstructed from the obtained sparse coefficients. Furthermore, the proposed method is compared with some popular image fusion methods, such as multiscale transform-based methods and simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit- based method. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of visual effect and quantitative fusion evaluation indexes. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 93118937, "title": "Microwave hydrothermal disassembly for evolution from CuO dendrites to nanosheets and their applications in catalysis and photo-catalysis", "abstract": "Abstract CuO nanosheets and dendrites have been synthesized by a microwave hydrothermal method. The synthesized CuO nanostructures were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transition electron microscopy (TEM). The formation process was discussed, which revealed that the disassembly of sheet-built CuO dendrites contributed to the formation of discrete CuO nanosheets under microwave hydrothermal conditions. However, such a disassembly process was inhibited by an ultrasonic heat pretreatment before the microwave hydrothermal treatment. The synthesized CuO nanostructures were active toward the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and allowed the decomposition temperature of AP to decrease. Furthermore, the synthesized CuO nanostructures promoted the photodegradation of rhodamine B and methyl orange."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 95425041, "title": "Co3O4/C nanocapsules with onion-like carbon shells as anode material for lithium ion batteries", "abstract": "Abstract The synthesis and characterization of core/shell-type Co 3 O 4 /C nanocapsules for application as anode material in lithium ion batteries are reported in this paper. The synthesis process involves the preparation of Co/C nanocapsules using a modified arc-discharge method and the annealing of the Co/C nanocapsules at 300\u00a0\u00b0C for 2\u00a0h in air. The as-synthesized products show a spherical shape and a core/shell-type structure in which a Co 3 O 4 nanoparticle core of diameter 10\u201330\u00a0nm is encapsulated by an onion-like carbon shell of thickness approximately 1\u00a0nm. The Co/C nanocapsules can be stable below 130\u00a0\u00b0C, and be oxidized above 205\u00a0\u00b0C in air. The Co 3 O 4 /C nanocapsules deliver an initial discharge capacity of 1467.6\u00a0mAh\u00a0g \u22121 at 0.5\u00a0C and maintain a high reversible capacity of 1026.9\u00a0mAh\u00a0g \u22121 after 50 charge\u2013discharge cycles, much higher than the Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles (471.5\u00a0mAh\u00a0g \u22121 ). A postmortem analysis of the Co 3 O 4 and Co 3 O 4 /C anodes subjected to prolonged cycling reveals the existence of a lower degree of surface cracking and particle breakage in the Co 3 O 4 /C anode than the Co 3 O 4 anode. The improved electrochemical performance and structural stability in the Co 3 O 4 /C nanocapsules are attributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity and structural buffering provided by the onion-like carbon shell.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 135908515, "title": "Synthesis and electromagnetic properties of Al/AlOx-coated Ni nanocapsules", "abstract": "Abstract Ni nanocapsules with a core of Ni nanoparticle and a shell of amorphous Al/AlO x have been prepared by the arc discharge method. The natural resonance in the Al/AlO x -coated Ni nanocapsules shifts to 6.4\u00a0GHz, due to the surface anisotropy of Ni nanoparticles. An optimal RL value of \u221240.96\u00a0dB was observed at 9.2\u00a0GHz on a specimen with a matching thickness of 2.40\u00a0mm. Theoretical simulation for the microwave absorption using the transmission line theory agrees reasonably well with the experimental results. The frequency of microwave absorption complies with the quarter-wavelength matching model.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 94853145, "title": "3D flower- and 2D sheet-like CuO nanostructures: Microwave-assisted synthesis and application in gas sensors", "abstract": "Abstract 3D flower- and 2D branching sheet-like CuO nanostructures have been synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), UV\u2013vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis. The phase and morphology observations showed the formation of monoclinic CuO nanostructures with well-defined morphology. BET analysis displayed that the measured surface area was 15.0\u00a0m 2 \u00a0g \u22121 for CuO flowers, and 20.8\u00a0m 2 \u00a0g \u22121 for CuO nanosheets. Gas sensing properties of the as-synthesized CuO nanostructures were evaluated by the detection of volatile and toxic gases including ethanol, ethyl-acetate, acetone, xylene, and toluene. It was found that CuO flowers exhibited an enhanced gas response to the five gases at 260\u00a0\u00b0C, compared to CuO nanosheets. Furthermore, at 1000\u00a0ppm, the CuO flower sensor gave a higher response to ethyl-acetate ( R g / R a \u00a0=\u00a04.6) and ethanol ( R g / R a \u00a0=\u00a04.0), in comparison with toluene ( R g / R a \u00a0=\u00a02.8). In addition, the CuO flowers displayed a rapid response and recovery as well as good reproducibility.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 97044673, "title": "Gas sensing properties of CuO nanorods synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method", "abstract": "Abstract P-type CuO nanorods with the breadth of 15\u201320\u00a0nm and the length of 60\u201380\u00a0nm, have been synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MH) method. The band gap of CuO nanorods was calculated to be 2.75\u00a0eV based on the UV\u2013vis absorption spectrum of the product. The gas sensing property of the CuO nanorods to several organic vapors was tested in temperatures ranging from 160\u00a0\u00b0C to 300\u00a0\u00b0C. The response of the CuO sensor to ethanol (1000\u00a0ppm) was 9.8 at the working temperature of 210\u00a0\u00b0C. The response time and the recovery time were within the range of 13\u201342\u00a0s and 17\u201351\u00a0s, respectively. Further measurements exhibited stronger response to ethanol than to other target gases. The enhanced gas sensing performance of the sensor to ethanol may be attributed to the small size of the CuO particles.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 95459162, "title": "Synthesis of thermo-responsive microgels in supercritical carbon dioxide using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker", "abstract": "Herein, we report the preparation of thermo-responsive polymers in a green medium. The white, dry, fine powders were obtained directly from the cross-linking polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at pressures ranging from 10 to 28\u2009MPa utilizing ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker. The effects of reaction pressure, cross-linker ratio, initiator concentration, and reaction time were investigated. In the presence of this cross-linker (26.4% w/w), much smaller poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) microgels (<0.2\u2009\u00b5m diameter) were formed, and it was shown that the particle size and the morphology of the polymer were strongly dependent on the cross-linker ratio in scCO2. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 95851819, "title": "Simple synthesis of ultra-long Ag2Te nanowires through solvothermal co-reduction method", "abstract": "Ultra-long single crystal {beta}-Ag{sub 2}Te nanowires with the diameter of about 300 nm were fabricated through a solvothermal route in ethylene glycol (EG) system without any template. The long single crystal wires were curves, with high purity, well-crystallized, and dislocation-free and characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM). The detailed topotactic transformation process from particles into single crystal wires was studied. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient have been systematically studied between 300 and 600 K. - Graphical abstract: Ultra-long single crystal {beta}-Ag{sub 2}Te nanowires with the diameter of about 300 nm were fabricated by the solvothermal route in ethylene glycol (EG) system without any template. The diagram displays the variation of the phases and morphologies of products with different reaction time.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 97375821, "title": "Synthesis of bismuth micro- and nanospheres by a simple refluxing method", "abstract": "Abstract Well-separated bismuth micro- and nanospheres were successfully prepared from bismuth citrate and urea by a simple refluxing reaction at 198\u00a0\u00b0C in ethylene glycol in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The larger Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller (BET) surface area of these micro- and nanospheres was found to be 17.34\u00a0m 2 /g by the results of N 2 adsorption. It was found that the amount of PVP have an influence on the morphologies of bismuth nanostructure. The possible growth mechanism of bismuth micro- and nanospheres was also discussed.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 94750840, "title": "High temperature electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of NaxCoO2", "abstract": "Abstract Layered cobalt oxides, Na x CoO 2 , with the density of sodium ions, x , ranging from 0.65 to 0.85, were prepared by rapid heat-up method. The determination by X-ray diffraction pattern of crystal structure and the grain morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy were reported. The measurements of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power were carried out between 300\u00a0K and 1100\u00a0K. It has been found that the concentration of sodium ions sandwiched between two neighboring CoO 2 layers plays a crucial role in transport properties.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 98635004, "title": "Hydroxyapatite coating on porous silicon substrate obtained by precipitation process", "abstract": "Abstract Hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 (HAP) is known as a bioactive and biocompatible material, HAP coatings were used to improve the biocompatible of substrate by many researcher, In this work, HAP thin films on porous silicon (PS) substrates have been prepared by aqueous precipitation method with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) processes. The HAP films had been prepared under the annealing temperature ranging from 300 to 1000\u00a0\u00b0C. By the measurement of X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was found that for the crystallinity optimization, the heat-treatment at 850\u2013950\u00a0\u00b0C for 1\u00a0h would be favorable. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements reveal a dense and smooth surface of the HAP film, and tightly adherence of the coating on porous silicon substrate after sintered. Thus, by this method, porous silicon could be increased its bioactivity and so that could be used in the biomedical area.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 95230947, "title": "Preparation and structure of carbon encapsulated copper nanoparticles", "abstract": "Carbon-encapsulated copper nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified arc plasma method using methane as carbon source. The particles were characterized in detail by transmission electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry. The encapsulated copper nanoparticles were about 30\u00a0nm in diameter with 3\u20135\u00a0nm graphitic carbon shells. The outside graphitic carbon layers effectively prevented unwanted oxidation of the copper inside. The effect of the ratio of He/CH4 on the morphologies and the formation of the carbon shell were investigated.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 28517014, "title": "A monoclonal antibody-based time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for chloramphenicol in shrimp and chicken muscle.", "abstract": "A time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) for determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in shrimp and chicken muscle was developed. The method was based on a direct competitive immunoassay using europium-labeled anti-CAP monoclonal antibody (MAb) and CAP-ovalbumin as coated antigen. The limit of detection was 0.05 ng g(-1) and limit of quantification was 0.1 ng g(-1). Recoveries ranged from 101.2 to 112.5% for shrimp and 104.9 to 115.3% for chicken muscle at spiked levels of 0.1-5 ng g(-1), with intra-assay and inter-assay variations 8.7-14.6 and 9.6-17.8%, respectively. The results obtained by the TR-FIA and ELISA correlated well. The established TR-FIA was validated for the determination of incurred shrimp samples and confirmed by gas chromatography with microcell electron capture detector (GC-microECD)."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 27407657, "title": "Simultaneous determination of sulphamerazine, sulphamethazine and sulphadiazine in honey and chicken muscle by a new monoclonal antibody-based fluorescence polarisation immunoassay", "abstract": "A new monoclonal antibody (Mab) against sulphamerazine (SMR) was produced and a fluorescence polarisation immunoassay (FPIA) based on the Mab was developed and optimized for the simultaneous qualitative screening of SMR, sulphamethazine (SMZ) and sulphadiazine (SDZ). The Mab, raised from mice immunized with SMR, was bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) using glutaraldehyde as the coupling reagent. Fluorescein-labelled SMR and SMZ (tracer) were synthesized and purified by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Cross-reactivities below 3.6% were displayed in the optimized FPIA for another 14 sulphonamides when both tracers were employed. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.9 ng g\u22121 for SMR, 2 ng g\u22121 for SMZ and 3.1 ng g\u22121 for SDZ. Analysis of SMR, SMZ and SDZ fortified chicken muscle and honey samples by the FPIA showed average recoveries of 86\u2013131% with a standard deviation (SD) of 4.6\u201332. Comparative analyses of a SMZ-treated chicken muscle sample by both FPIA and high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) showed a good correlation (r\u2009=\u20090.9991). The study demonstrates the practical application of FPIA in screening chicken muscle and honey samples for sulphonamides residues.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 27860321, "title": "Simultaneous determination of trace levels of 10 quinolones in swine, chicken, and shrimp muscle tissues using HPLC with programmable fluorescence detection.", "abstract": "A HPLC method using a modified sample preparation procedure was optimized and validated for the quantification of 10 quinolones (QNs), including marbofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, oxolinic acid, and flumequine, in swine, chicken, and shrimp tissues. In this method, only a small mass (<or=2.0 g) of sample and a relatively small volume of organic reagent (<or=4.6 mL) of a nonchlorinated extraction solvent were required. The QNs were analyzed by liquid chromatography in a single run using a gradient elution program and with a programmable fluorescence detector to obtain optimum detection wavelengths. Mean recoveries of 10 drugs from edible animal tissues at a concentration range of 1-100 ng g-1 were 72.8-106.8% with relative standard deviations below 11.2%. The limits of quantification for each QN in different muscle tissues ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 ng g-1, which were below the lowest maximum residue limits (10 ng g-1) established in many countries. The method was also applied to the measurement of QN residues in commercial muscle samples. The results showed it was rapid, simple, sensitive, and suitable for use in food surveillance programs.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 10591794, "title": "Determination of benzimidazole residues in bovine milk by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.", "abstract": "A method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of benzimidazole residues in bovine milk has been optimized and validated. Rapid chromatographic separation of 13 analytes in 8 min was obtained by means of UHPLC. The samples were subject to Oasis MCX solid-phase extraction cartridges for extraction and clean-up. Matrix-matched calibration curves were performed to compensate for the matrix effect and loss in sample preparation. Mean recoveries ranged from 80% to 101% and inter-day precision was lower than 14%. Limit of detection and limit of quantification of the method ranged from 0.01 to 0.5 \u03bcg L\u207b\u00b9 and from 0.1 to 1.0 \u03bcg L\u207b\u00b9, respectively.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 95269875, "title": "Multi-Residue Analysis of Avermectins in Bovine Liver and Muscle by Liquid Chromatography\u2013Fluorescence Detector", "abstract": "A simple multi-residue analysis method for the quantitative determination of eprinomectin, abamectin, doramectin and ivermectin in bovine tissues was developed. The tissue sample was extracted with acetonitrile, followed by clean-up on a C18 solid phase extraction cartridge. The eluate was derivatised before being analyzed by HPLC coupled to a fluorescence detector. The method was validated using bovine liver and muscle fortified with the drugs at 0, 5, 10 and 50\u00a0ng\u00a0g\u22121. The mean recoveries of the four drugs were 70.31\u201387.11% in liver and 79.57\u201393.65% in muscle, with relative standard deviations below 17.84% in liver and 14.68% in muscle. The limits of detection were between 0.5 and 1.0\u00a0ng\u00a0g\u22121 and the limits of quantification were 1\u20132\u00a0ng\u00a0g\u22121 in bovine tissues for the four drugs.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 97759969, "title": "Development of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Analysis of Diclazuril in Chicken Tissues", "abstract": "A highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) against diclazuril was produced. The hapten with diclazuril coupled to diazotised 4-aminobenzoic acid was synthesized and conjugated to bovine serum albumin by the active ester method to form an immunogen for antibody generation. A novel diclazuril carboxymethyloxime derivative used in an ovalbumin conjugate was applied as a heterologous coating antigen and was expected to improve the immunoassay sensitivity. A sensitive and simple indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) based on the Mab for the determination of diclazuril was developed. Under the optimized conditions, the icELISA for diclazuril showed a half maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) value of 1.8\u00a0ng/mL, with limit of detection of 0.24\u00a0ng/mL and negligible cross-reactivities with other coccidiostat compounds including toltrazuril, robenidine, nicarbazin, halofuginone, amprolium, monensin, and maduramycin. The icELISA was successfully applied to diclazuril residue analysis in spiked chicken tissues. The average recoveries, intra-assay, and inter-assay coefficients of variation were in a range from 77.6 to 103.7\u00a0%, 3.7 to 13.0\u00a0%, and 5.6 to 18.3\u00a0%, respectively.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 30389480, "title": "Multiresidue determination of zeranol and related compounds in bovine muscle by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with immunoaffinity cleanup.", "abstract": "A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method with immunoaffinity cleanup was developed for the determination of zeranol and related compounds, taleranol, zearalanone, and alpha-zearalenol in bovine muscle. Muscle samples were extracted with methanol and cleaned up with immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) columns containing monoclonal antibodies raised against zeranol coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. After derivatization, the compounds were analyzed by GC/MS. The dynamic column capacities for zeranol, taleranol, zearalanone, and alpha-zearalenol were 2639.7, 2840.3, 2731.5, and 2736.3 ng/mL Sepharose gel, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.5 and 1.0 ng/g, respectively, for all 4 compounds. Mean recoveries were 79.6-110.7% with coefficients of variation of 3.2-11.4% at spiked levels of 1.0-5.0 ng/g. This IAC-GC/MS method may be used for the determination of zeranol, taleranol, zearalanone, and alpha-zearalenol residues in bovine muscle, and possibly other tissues.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 111290346, "title": "A low-cost antenna reflector shape and distortion measuring system with high accuracy", "abstract": "The antenna which is used in space for satellite control command communication and data transmission is a key unit for a satellite to work properly and accomplish the task successfully. Accurately measuring the antenna reflector shape and the reflector distortion shortly after the antenna manufacturing or assembling on the satellite is very important to ensure that the antenna functions well. Considering the constraints during the measurement, an antenna reflector shape and distortion measuring system, which is based on the close-range photogrammetry, is proposed. The system configuration, measuring principles, calibration and measuring procedures, data processing, experiment configuration and results as well as error analysis are discussed in the paper. The system was constructed and tested in the laboratory environment. The experiment results show that the system has the ability of accurately measuring the shape of the reflector. The distortion of the reflector surface can then be gained from the shape data. The average accuracy of measurement about 240 points on a 600mm antenna reflector is less than 0.015 mm (1\u03c3)."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 215866461, "title": "Adaptive subspace band selection method based on spectrum characteristics", "abstract": null, "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 122549909, "title": "High-peak-power, short-pulse-width, LD end-pumped, passively Q-switched Nd:YAG 946nm laser", "abstract": "Abstract High-peak-power, short-pulse-width diode pumped 946\u00a0nm Nd:YAG laser in passively Q-switching operation with Cr4+:YAG is reported. The highest average output power reaches 3.4\u00a0W using the Cr4+:YAG with initial transmissivity T0=95%. When the T0=90% Cr4+:YAG is employed, the maximum peak power of 31.4\u00a0kW with a pulse width of 8.3\u00a0ns at 946\u00a0nm is generated.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 46062693, "title": "High Power CW and A-O Q-switched Operation of 912 nm Nd:GdVO4 Laser", "abstract": "An efficient, compact 912 nm Nd:GdVO4 laser is presented. The CW output power is up to 6.6 W. In the A-O Q-switched mode, minimum pulse width of 22 ns at 10 kHz is obtained.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 12782779, "title": "Multiple View Point Cloud Registration Based on 3 D Lines", "abstract": "A point cloud registration method based on 3D lines extraction from 3D data to register point cloud with obvious edges is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the line feature point cloud (LFPC), which is corresponding to the objects' edges, is extracted from the measured 3D data by using surface curvature as a measure. Then, through applying the 3D Hough transformation on LFPC, the line directions and positions are extracted respectively. Thus, the 3D lines corresponding to the edges in the two point clouds to be registered are obtained. Finally, a 3D lines matching and registration algorithm is proposed to accomplish the registration. Furthermore, the experiment is conducted to testify the feasibility of proposed method. The contribution of this paper is to propose a novel 3D Hough based lines extraction algorithm as well as a novel 3D line matching and registration algorithm, which can also be used in other 3D point cloud processing.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 129099650, "title": "The research by topographic correction methods of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data based on DEM", "abstract": "High spectral resolution is the main characteristic of hyperspectral remote sensing. The image of objects includes various information of space, radiation and spectral information, and we can also construct a continuous spectrum curve in the imaging range. The purpose of topographic correction is to eliminate the effects of solar light , which may make the spectral curve not accurate compared with the practical curve, on radiation values of irregular ground object. This paper is to analysis the advantages and disadvantages of various topographic correction methods, and provide accurate experimental data for quantitative remote sensing, which based on the area of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing image and DEM, comparing with the measured spectral curve.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 122593399, "title": "Camera calibration of the stereo vision measurement system", "abstract": "Camera calibration is the important step for the stereo vision measurement system. The accuracy of the calibration affects the accuracy of the vision measurement system. The calibration is realized with a planar pattern. The pattern has some spot array with high precision. Stereo vision measurement system captures the images of the calibration pattern at several different orientations. The parameter model is modified as the polynomial model to describe the lens distortion. The calibration experiment demonstrates that the error of 3-D reconstruction is 0.020mm.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 109852931, "title": "A simplified method to predict the outdoor thermal environment in residential district", "abstract": "The outdoor thermal environment is very important to pedestrian\u2019s comfort and safety. Under the fast development of urbanization it is essential to develop a quick assessment method to assist design. The present paper introduces a simplified simulation system consisting of convection, conduction and radiation to predict the outdoor thermal environment. A double mesh system for radiation simulation is used to reduce the amount of calculation and storage, meanwhile a thermal response factor method is introduced to calculate the transient heat conduction process. By taking advantage of the thermal response factor method, two kinds of simplified coupling methods are proposed. To validate the simulation system, a filed measurement was carried out and the simulation results are in compliance with the experiment. The simulation results show that the error caused by simplification is acceptable in most conditions, and a lot of coupling calculation amount could be saved.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 121446636, "title": "Study on the distortion prediction of focal plate", "abstract": "The focal plate is one of the most important components of the LAMOST, whose shape precision to be centripetal and spherical structure of multi-hole. The hole drilling distortion duing to residual stress becomes one of the striking problems. Studying on the distortion prediction, this paper adopts the finite element simulation based on the metal cutting principles. The distribution to the surface residual stress is achieved by building the FEM model using ANSYS .The influence of cutting depths on the distortion of the focal plate was investigated. With the confirmation of the final CMM test result, the deviation which compared the measuring point with the theoretical sphere is less than 0.066mm. The result showed that the FEM analysis is an effective method which predicts the machining distortion of the focal plate.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 110151254, "title": "An Information System of Human Body Composition Based on Android Client", "abstract": "This paper proposes an information system of human body composition based on Android client. The system consists of the Android client, the measurement unit, the Database Server, the FTP Server, the Web Server and portable storage devices. It is able to collect, restore, synchronize, and batch import and export user profile information and human body composition information. The merits of the system are that the development cycle is shortened, the cost and energy consumption of equipment are reduced, and the portability and mobility are enhanced. The system has also optimized the communication of human body composition measurement. As a result, the client and the measurement unit are robust and capable of addressing the fault and solving deficiencies in the communication process. With a more reliable system, accurate transmission of data can be guaranteed.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 43402475, "title": "Mismatch robustness and security of chaotic optical communications based on injection-locking chaos synchronization", "abstract": "Mismatch robustness and its effects on security of chaotic optical communication system based on injection-locking chaos synchronization are studied numerically by establishing the corresponding SIMULINK model. Unlike previous studies, we focus on the communication relating issues when parameter mismatches are considered. The mismatch robustness of generalized synchronization is discussed firstly in terms of cross-correlation coefficient and synchronization error. Decoding performances as well as the effects of message strength are examined for both with and without mismatch cases. Effects of injection strength on system decoding performances are also investigated by examining the chaos-pass filtering effect. Finally, a modified decoding scheme is brought forward to improve the system decoding capability. Results show that the system under consideration exhibits unconspicuous difference in both synchronization and decoding characteristics when large parameter mismatches are considered. The system based on injection-locking chaos synchronization is inappropriate for the applications where high transmission security is necessary", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 38601814, "title": "Coexisting epithelioid trophoblastic tumor and placental site trophoblastic tumor of the uterus following a term pregnancy: report of a case and review of literature.", "abstract": "Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms are a group of fetal trophoblastic tumors including choriocarcinomas, epithelioid trophoblastic tumors (ETTs), and placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTTs). Mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasms are extremely rare. The existence of mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasms that were composed of choriocarcinoma and/or PSTT and/or ETT was also reported. Herein, we present a case of uterine mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasm which is ETT admixed with PSTT, and reviewed 9 cases of mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasms reported in English literature available. The most common combination was a choriocarcinoma admixed with an ETT and/or PSTT. Mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasms present in women of reproductive age and rare in postmenopausal, Abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most common presenting symptom, serum \u03b2-HCG levels are elevated, mostly below 2500 mIU/ml, the tumor was limited to uterus in 7 cases, the rest of 3 with pulmonary metastases at the time of diagnosis. Mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasms have more similar clinical features with intermediate trophoblastic tumors (ITTs). Total hysterectomy with lymph node dissection is recommended treatment for mixed gestational trophoblastic neoplasms, and chemotherapy should be used in patients with metastatic disease and with nonmetastatic disease who have adverse prognostic factors."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 17735363, "title": "Simulation Study on the Characteristics of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics in Electromagnetic Tomography Nondestructive Evaluation Systems", "abstract": "Simulations of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) using the finite element method in electromagnetic tomography nondestructive evaluation systems are presented in this paper. Ansoft Maxwell 3D models describing the interaction of the sensors with both unidirectional and cross-woven plate samples are built and analyzed to show the CFRP orientations. A circular sensors array is designed and 400 test holes are punched through the CFRP plate respectively in order to acquire the sensitivity matrix data based on which the image of the plate can be reconstructed. Calculation shows that the proposed method can roughly sense the damaged area.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 3464334, "title": "Multi-objective ecological reservoir operation based on water quality response models and improved genetic algorithm: A case study in Three Gorges Reservoir, China", "abstract": "This study proposes a self-adaptive GA-aided multi-objective ecological reservoir operation model (SMEROM) and applies it to water quality management in the Xiangxi River near to the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. The SMEROM integrates statistical water quality models, multi-objective reservoir operations, and a self-adaptive GA within a general framework. Among them, the statistical water quality models of the Xiangxi River are formulated to deal with the relationships between reservoir operation and water quality, which are embedded in constraints of the SMEROM. The multiple objective functions, including maximizing hydropower generation, minimizing loss of flood control, minimizing rate of flood risk, maximizing the average remaining capacity of flood control and maximizing the benefit of shipping, are considered simultaneously to obtain comprehensive benefit among the environment, society and economy. The weighting method is employed to convert the multiple objectives to a single objective. To solve the complex SMEROM, an improved self-adaptive GA is employed through incorporating simulated binary crossover and self-adaptive mutation. To demonstrate the advantage of the developed SMEROM model, the solutions through ecological reservoir operation are compared with those through the traditional reservoir operation and the practical operation in 2011, in terms of water quality, reservoir operation and objective function values. The results show that most of benefit in the ecological operation is better than that in the traditional or practical operations except for the hydropower benefit and loss benefit of flood control. This is because flood control and environmental protection are reasonably considered in the ecological operation.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 14238932, "title": "The Design of Embedded Electromagnetic Data Acquisition System Base on Linux", "abstract": "Recently, in the field of geological exploration, electromagnetic instruments have been tremendous growth, but they also have some typical shortcomings, such as big size, large power consumption, complex operation and so on. Therefore, base on the current development of electronic technology, this paper has discussed hardware and software design of the electromagnetic data acquisition system, which makes use of 24-bit \u03a3-\u0394 analog to digital converter AD7763, field programmable gate array, ARM9 processor S3C2440 and embedded Linux operating system. The system has high accuracy, small size and low power consumption, can be applied to a number of occasions.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 119403232, "title": "Multi-invariance ESPRIT-like algorithms for coherent DOA estimation", "abstract": "Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) algorithm can estimate Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) of coherent signal, but its performance can not reach full satisfaction. We reconstruct the received signal to form data model with multi-invariance property, and multi-invariance ESPRIT algorithm for coherent DOA estimation is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm can resolve the DOAs of coherent signals and performs better in DOA estimation than that of ESPRIT-like algorithm. Meanwhile, it identifies more DOAs than ESPRIT-like algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate its validity.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 117918634, "title": "Angle estimation in bistatic MIMO radar using improved reduced dimension Capon algorithm", "abstract": "This paper discusses the problem of direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival(DOA) estimation for a bistatic multiple input multiple output(MIMO) radar,and proposes an improved reduced-dimension Capon algorithm therein.Compared with the reduced-dimension Capon algorithm which requires pair matching between the two-dimensional angle estimation,the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired DOD and DOA estimation without debasing the performance of angle estimation in bistatic MIMO radar.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm has a lower complexity than the reduced-dimension Capon algorithm, and it is suitable for non-uniform linear arrays.The complexity of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is also derived.Simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 8807037, "title": "Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor: An Outcome-Based Literature Review of 78 Reported Cases", "abstract": "Objectives Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is very rare; and therefore, a substantially increased data set is unlikely to be obtained in the near future. This analysis aimed to assess the effects of current management on clinical outcomes and to identify potential prognostic indicators in ETT. Methods We applied a literature search using PubMed to analyze the clinical data of 78 published cases of ETT. Results Women with ETT present at reproductive age (mean \u00b1 SD, 37.1 \u00b1 8.7 years) and have a slightly to moderately elevated serum \u03b2-human chorionic gonadotropin (median, 665 IU/L). Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor is frequently present in the lower uterine segment/cervix (26/58 cases) and can be misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (6/26). Lung is the most common extrauterine site of ETT (5/11 with uterine ETT and 10/20 without uterine ETT). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicates that chemotherapy (surgery with postoperative chemotherapy vs surgery alone) is associated with increased ETT relapse (P = 0.005), even after stratification by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P = 0.008); but FIGO stage remains the only significant prognostic indicator for ETT (P = 0.015). Conclusions This analysis confirms the hypothetical chemotherapy resistance and prognostic value of FIGO staging in ETT. These findings remain tentative given the small data set available for analysis and the reporting bias from these published cases; however, they may confer a risk-adapted therapy. Finally, both gynecologists and pathologists should be alert to the potential misdiagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma when ETT is present in the lower uterine segment/cervix.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 46247390, "title": "Treatment of nasal microcystic adnexal carcinoma with an expanded rotational forehead skin flap: A case report and review of the literature.", "abstract": "Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare and locally aggressive adenocarcinoma with low-grade malignancy. The present study describes the first reported case and treatment of a Chinese male with a MAC located on the nasal dorsum and nosewing. A 44-year-old man presented with a nasal deformity caused by local repeated infections following an accidental injury to the nose 20 years previously. The nose had been injured by a brick, and treatment at a local hospital 12 years previously had resulted in a nasal scar and a gradually enlarging mass. A physical examination revealed a hypertrophic deformity of the nose and an indurated scar plaque, measuring 2.0\u00d72.0 cm, on the nasal dorsum and nosewing. Microscopic examination revealed a tumor consisting of solid cell nests and a cystic structure with a capsular space. In addition, ductal cells of an adnexal cell origin were visible in the outer epithelium. The medial portion exhibited a microductal structure and invasion of deeper tissues without evident atypia. The tumor cells presented normal nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios and minimal mitotic activity. Pathological examination verified that the tumor was a MAC of low-grade malignancy. A complete surgical resection was performed via Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), and reconstruction was achieved using an expanded rotational forehead skin flap. No tumor recurrence was detected after a three-year follow-up period. Therefore, for effective treatment of similar MAC cases, complete surgical resection using MMS is recommended, and successful reconstruction may be achieved using an expanded skin flap.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 24810336, "title": "Ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified (NOS): an unusual case with myelolipoma.", "abstract": "Myelolipoma is an uncommon lesion composed of mature fat and hematopoietic cells. Extra-adrenal myelolipoma is rare. We report an unusual case of concurrent myelolipoma in a steroid cell tumor in a 21-year-old woman with virilization. She had a 6-year secondary amenorrhea history. Her serum testosterone level was elevated (16.2-24.9 nmol/L). Transvaginal ultrasound and computed tomography showed a solid round pelvic mass. The left ovarian mass was grossly well encapsulated with a tan-to-dark-brown, vaguely nodular cut surface. Microscopically, the tumor was characterized by large aggregates of cells resembling typical hormone-secreting cells and the stroma was composed of mature fat and rich hematopoietic cells representing all 3 hematopoietic cell lineages. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for \u03b1-inhibin and Melan-A. Lineage-specific markers including myeloid peroxidase were variably expressed in hematopoietic cells. This rare case will expand our appreciation of the spectrum and histogenesis of ovarian tumors.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 31728235, "title": "Five mutations of ATP2A2 gene in Chinese patients with Darier\u2019s disease and a literature review of 86 cases reported in China", "abstract": "Darier\u2019s disease (DD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited skin disorder characterized by loss of adhesion between epidermal cells (acantholysis) and abnormal keratinization. To date, at least 140 mutations in the ATP2A2 gene have been identified as the genetic basis of DD. Here we reported three familial and two sporadic Chinese DD patients totally with four missense mutations (N767D, M494I, M494L, C318F) and one splice-site mutation (1288\u20136A\u2192G) in ATP2A2 gene, and presented a literature review of DD cases reported in China since 1989. Our data add new variants to the repertoire of ATP2A2 gene in DD and confirms that most mutations in the ATP2A2 gene are private and missense type. Likewise, the literature review indicates that DD is not uncommon in China and presents more information about genotype\u2013phenotype correlations.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 24003301, "title": "Acute toxicity of a single dose DATR, recombinant soluble human TRAIL mutant, in rodents and crab-eating macaques", "abstract": "Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been reported to possess activity of inducing apoptosis in variety of tumor cells in preclinical models. Several mutational versions of TRAIL have been studied as promising agents for cancer therapy and the recombinant soluble human TRAIL mutant (DATR) is one of them. The objective of the present study was to provide possible toxic target organs and proposal non-toxic dose level of DATR for clinical usage. Rodents and crab-eating macaques were used to estimate potential adverse effects of DATR following a single dose administration. The median lethal dose (LD50 ) of intravenous injection to rats and mice was determined as 262.0 and 1018.0 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The LD50 of intraperitoneal administration to mice was found to be 1432.1 mg/kg b.w. The main changes in macaques were found in the following aspects. Hematology analysis revealed an obvious decrease of red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit (HCT) after injection. Serum biochemical analysis showed an apparent increase of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Crea). Furthermore, inflammatory cell infiltrate in liver and kidney was found by microscope. All the disorders suggested that liver, renal and hematological systems might be the target effectors of toxic effect induced by DATR. Based on the results of this study, the no observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the lowest observed-adverse-effect level of DATR in macaques are 90.0 and 135.0 mg/kg b.w., respectively.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 45413859, "title": "Comparison of Iodixanol and Iohexol in Patients Undergoing Intravenous Pyelography: A Prospective Controlled Study", "abstract": "Background. Nephropathy associated with contrast medium exposure is a well-known complication of IVP. However, it is uncertain whether iso-osmolar non-iodinated contrast medium (iodixanol) is less nephrotoxic than low-osmolar contrast medium (iohexol). Materials and Methods. In this single-center, double-blind, prospective study, 50 patients undergoing IVP were randomized into two groups receiving different contrast medium: iodixanol and iohexol. Patients in high risk for contrast nephropathy were included, 28 with renal insufficiency and 19 with diabetes mellitus. We compared the nephrotoxic effect (contrast nephropathy), complement and cytokines profile between the iodixanol and iohexol groups. The mean volume of contrast medium in each IVP procedure was 0.8 mL/kg. Results. The incidence of contrast nephropathy was 4 percent among all patients (one iodixanol and one iohexol). We found no significant differences in contrast nephropathy and allergic reactions between the two groups. There was no significant difference in cytokine profiles in both groups (p > 0.05).The incidence of allergic reaction was 16 percent among all patients. Twelve percent (3/25) had late reaction after iohexol exposure compared to four percent (2/25) with iodixanol (p = 1.0). One patient had severe skin rash due to late adverse reaction after iodixanol. No mortality was found. Conclusions. New iodixanol and iohexol contrast medium for routine IVP examination are safe and have low nephrotoxicity profile, especially in elderly or high-risk patients. Iodixanol contrast medium has an increased risk to induce severe late adverse reaction compared to iohexol. Allergic reaction may be the main adverse effect after contrast medium infusion."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 20907819, "title": "Overexpression of galectin-3 enhances migration of colon cancer cells related to activation of the K-Ras\u2013Raf\u2013Erk1/2 pathway", "abstract": "BackgroundGalectin-3 has been independently correlated with malignant behavior in human colon cancer. The involvement of galectin-3 in the invasiveness of colon cancer cells remains to be determined. We investigated whether galectin-3 was involved in the colon cancer cell migration mediated by certain kinase pathways.MethodsWe studied 2 colon cancer cell lines (DLD-1 and Caco2) and clinical samples. Immunostaining and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of galectin-3 in vitro and in the clinical samples. Short hairpin RNA and overexpression of galectin-3 were used to study loss- and gain-of-function in a wound-healing assay and a Transwell migration assay, and Western blotting was used to study the Ras\u2013Raf signaling pathway.ResultsGalectin-3 was expressed at lower levels in DLD-1 than in Caco2 cells. The lower galectin-3 level in DLD-1 cells was associated with decreased cell migration, in comparison with that of Caco2 cells. Overexpression of galectin-3 increased the migration rate of DLD-1, while knockdown of galectin-3 decreased the migration. Overexpression of galectin-3 was correlated with increased lamellipodia formation and distal lung localization in a mouse model. The galectin-3 enhancement of DLD-1 cell migration was mediated by K-Ras, Raf and Erk1/2 pathway activation, but not the H-Ras, p38, or JNK activation.ConclusionsGalectin-3 plays an important role in regulating colon cancer cell migration and potential distal localization. The galectin-3 enhancement of cell migration is mediated through the K-Ras\u2013Raf\u2013Erk1/2 pathway. Specific targeting of the K-Ras\u2013Raf\u2013Erk1/2 pathway may be useful for treating colon cancers associated with increased galectin-3 expression.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 20277828, "title": "Kawasaki disease with G6PD deficiency--report of one case and literature review.", "abstract": "Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis primarily affecting children who are younger than 5 years. The most serious complications are coronary artery aneurysms and sequelae of vasculitis with the subsequent development of coronary artery aneurysm. According to the literature, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plus high-dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) were standard treatment for KD, whereas low-dose aspirin (3-5 mg/kg/day) was used for thrombocytosis in KD via antiplatelet effect. However, aspirin has been reported to have hemolytic potential in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. We report a child with G6PD-deficiency who has KD, and review the literature.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 23864977, "title": "TARC/CCL17 gene polymorphisms and expression associated with susceptibility and coronary artery aneurysm formation in Kawasaki disease", "abstract": "Background:Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/chemokine ligand 17 (TARC/CCL17) is one of the Th2 chemokines and has been suggested as a candidate gene for conferring susceptibility to Th2 associated with allergy diseases. This study examined the correlation between gene polymorphisms and plasma levels of TARC/CCL17 in patients with KD and the outcomes of KD.Methods:A total of 381 KD patients and 564 controls were subjected to determination of five tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms of TARC/CCL17. In addition, plasma TARC/CCL17 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Polymorphisms of TARC/CCL17 were significantly different between normal children and patients with KD. A allele of rs4784805 has better intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment response to KD. Furthermore, plasma TARC/CCL17 levels were higher in KD patients than that in controls before IVIG treatment. After IVIG treatment, plasma TARC/CCL17 levels decreased significantly.Conclusion:This study provides the first evidence supporting the association between TARC/CCL17 polymorphisms, susceptibility of KD, and IVIG responses in KD patients.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 16060043, "title": "Amifostine alleviates radiation-induced lethal small bowel damage via promotion of 14-3-3\u03c3-mediated nuclear p53 accumulation", "abstract": "Amifostine (AM) is a radioprotector that scavenges free radicals and is used in patients undergoing radiotherapy. p53 has long been implicated in cell cycle arrest for cellular repair after radiation exposure. We therefore investigated the protective p53-dependent mechanism of AM on small bowel damage after lethal whole-abdominal irradiation (WAI). AM increased both the survival rate of rats and crypt survival following lethal 18 Gy WAI. The p53 inhibitor PFT-\u03b1 compromised AM-mediated effects when administered prior to AM administration. AM significantly increased clonogenic survival in IEC-6 cells expressing wild type p53 but not in p53 knockdown cells. AM significantly increased p53 nuclear accumulation and p53 tetramer expression before irradiation through the inhibition of p53 degradation. AM inhibited p53 interactions with MDM2 but enhanced p53 interactions with 14-3-3\u03c3. Knockdown of 14-3-3\u03c3 also compromised the effect of AM on clonogenic survival and p53 nuclear accumulation in IEC-6 cells. For the first time, our data reveal that AM alleviates lethal small bowel damage through the induction of 14-3-3\u03c3 and subsequent accumulation of p53. Enhancement of the p53/14-3-3\u03c3 interaction results in p53 tetramerization in the nucleus that rescues lethal small bowel damage.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 1102058, "title": "Shockwave stimulates oxygen radical-mediated osteogenesis of the mesenchymal cells from human umbilical cord blood.", "abstract": "UNLABELLED\nHuman umbilical cord blood (HUCB) mesenchymal progenitor cells expressed stro-1 or CD44 or CD29, and subsequently, differentiated toward osteogenic lineage. Physical shockwave treatment increased osteogenic activity of HUCB mesenchymal progenitor cells through superoxide-mediated TGF-beta1 induction. Transplantation of shockwave-treated HUCB mesenchymal progenitor cells enhanced healing of segmental femoral defect in severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) mice.\n\n\nINTRODUCTION\nMesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in the bone marrow are precursors to bone development. It remains uncertain whether MPCs are present in human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) and are capable of differentiating into osteogenic cell lineage. Extending from a model of shockwave (SW) promotion of bone marrow stromal cell differentiation toward osteoprogenitors in rats, we further investigated how physical SW mediated biological responses in regulating osteogenic differentiation of HUCB MPCs.\n\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\nHUCB was subjected to SW treatment at different energy flux densities and impulses. Colony-forming units-stroma (CFU-Stroma), osteogenic activities (Cbfa1/Runx2 expression, bone alkaline phosphatase activity, and bone nodule formation), and bone formation by heterologous transplantation into SCID mice were assessed.\n\n\nRESULTS\nFew CD34+ stem cells (1.3%) and stro-1+ cells (1.0%) were present in the freshly prepared mononuclear cells (MNCs) from HUCB. The number of stro-1+ cells, but not CD34+, increased to 72.4% in the adherent cell culture over 6 days. Stro-1+ cells co-expressed CD44 and CD29 markers and grew into CFU-Stroma that matured into bone nodules. We found that the SW treatment (0.16 mJ/mm2 energy flux density, 200 impulses) elicited superoxide production and promoted formation of CFU-Stroma, but not of hematopoietic CFU-Mix. SW also enhanced the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, but not of interleukin (IL)-3 or granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Neutralization of TGF-beta1 significantly reduced SW-promoted CFU-Stroma formation. Superoxide scavenging by superoxide dismutase blocked SW enhancement of TGF-beta1 production and formation of CFU-Stroma. Administration of SW-treated HUCB MPCs to SCID mice with femoral segmental defects facilitated dense, bridging callus and gap closure.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nHUCB MPCs subjected to SW treatment is a potential source for stem cells useful in the treatment of orthopedic disorders. An optimal physical SW treatment enhanced osteogenesis through superoxide-mediated TGF-beta1 production. Physical stimulation is an alternative method for extending mesenchymal stem cells of HUCB.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 1448897, "title": "Neonatal varicella frequently associated with visceral complications: a retrospective analysis.", "abstract": "Neonates are very susceptible to varicella, which usually causes high mortality and morbidity rates among that age group. We analyzed the prognosis and complications of neonates with varicella in a retrospective study that assessed the clinical features, laboratory data, and clinical outcomes of twelve neonates who either had the illness or who were at risk. Based on exposure history, twelve babies were separated into prenatal and postnatal infection groups. Seven cases were categorized as having prenatal infections and five had postnatal varicella infection. Results showed that the major complications in the prenatal infection group included three cases of hepatitis, two of pneumonia, one of pyoderma and one of sepsis. The presence of fever was a good indicator for predicting complications among the prenatal infection group. These complications were not found in the postnatal infection group. We found that prenatal varicella infections appear to have a higher visceral complication rate. However, our patients had a much lower mortality rate than those reported in previous studies. This may be attributed to the administration of acyclovir after delivery.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 13205202, "title": "Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing D2 and D4 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer", "abstract": "SummaryBACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of D2 compared with D4 surgery in patients treated with curative intent. METHODS: An electronic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, ISI databases and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database was conducted till September 2010 to identify randomized controlled trials on related studies. Statistic analyses were carried out using RevMan software. RESULTS: Three randomized controlled trials with 1067 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that D4 dissection tended to be associated with slightly higher 5-year survival rate, but there were no statistically significant differences between two groups [OR = 0.93, 95% CI (0.69\u20131.25)]. However, there appeared to be no statistically differences between D2 and D4 group in terms of recurrences of cancer, re-operation, hospital mortality, overall morbidity, anastomotic leakage, pancreatic fistula, operation time, though pulmonary increased in the D2 group comparing to that in the D4 group. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic D4 dissection is not recommended for patients with curable gastric cancer.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 25891418, "title": "The relationship of eosinophilia to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment failure in Kawasaki disease.", "abstract": "To investigate the role of eosinophils in Kawasaki disease (KD) and the relationship to initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment failure. A retrospective analysis of all children who were admitted and met the criteria of KD between 1999 and 2005. The patients were divided into IVIG-responsive and IVIG-resistant groups. A total of 185 patients were enrolled during the study period. A series of blood eosinophils and biochemistry studies were correlated to the effectiveness of IVIG. The neutrophils percentage before IVIG treatment (pre-IVIG), leukocyte counts within 3 days after IVIG treatment (post-IVIG), liver enzyme, albumin levels, and post-IVIG eosinophils percentage were all significantly different between the two groups in univariate analysis. Under multivariate analysis with logistic regression, post-IVIG eosinophilia [peripheral blood (PB) eosinophils >or=4%] had an inverse correlation to KD patients with IVIG-resistance (p = 0.003). Also, pre-IVIG hypoalbuminemia (albumin <or=3.0 g/dl) was positively correlated to IVIG-resistance (p = 0.018). Further analysis showed that the PB eosinophils was markedly increased in the acute stage and returned to normal 3 weeks after IVIG treatment (p < 0.001). Eosinophil levels are highly elevated in the acute stage of KD both before and after the IVIG treatment. Post-IVIG treatment eosinophilia has an inverse correlation to KD patients with IVIG-resistance and may indicate IVIG-responsive. This may be a valuable factor to survey for the necessity of a second dose IVIG treatment.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 95707871, "title": "Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of Eurofer 97, Eurofer ODS and T92 steels", "abstract": "Eurofer ODS steel is a potential candidate for fusion reactor application due to its excellent swelling resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and high temperature properties. One of the main issues is that high fluence neutron irradiation induces a significant increase of ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) at temperatures below 400 \u00b0C which restricts its application. The aim of this study is to explore the methods to lower the initial DBTT of Eurofer ODS steel by heat treatment optimization. Two heats of Eurofer ODS steels with different C contents are heat-treated at different normalizing temperatures, cooling rates and tempering conditions, and are compared with Eurofer 97 and T92 steels heat-treated with similar conditions. The microstructure is characterized by optical microscopy, FEG-TEM and OIM-EBSD techniques. The effect of normalization, cooling rate and temper on grain size, precipitation, grain boundary misorientation and hardness are investigated. The influences of these properties on DBTT are discussed.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 72180834, "title": "Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Airway Diseases of Children", "abstract": "The measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) is a simple and noninvasive approach for assessing airway inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ENO levels were different in children with various types of airway diseases. We recruited 100 consecutive patients with different airway diseases and 42 healthy control subjects for the study. Allergic asthmatic patients with high specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) level to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) tended to have the highest specific ENO levels (48.28 \u00b1 16.63 ppb; n = 24). Perennial allergic rhinitis patients with high specific IgE level to Der p had intermediate levels of ENO (20.81 \u00b1 9.56 ppb; n = 40). Patients with interstitial pneumonia induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (9.44 \u00b1 3.97 ppb; n = 12) or with simple upper respiratory tract infections (10.51 \u00b1 4.19 ppb; n = 24) had ENO levels similar to those of the healthy control subjects (8.80 \u00b1 3.03 ppb; n = 42). Increased ENO in asthmatic patients and perennial allergic rhini...", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 137471503, "title": "Development of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks and quantum dots\u2013polymer nanocomposites for low-cost, flexible OLED display application", "abstract": "Recently, tremendous progress has been made toward the application of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in full color flat panel displays and other devices. This article reviews and discusses our recent progress in extended development of emissive semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (E-semi-IPNs) and hybrid quantum dots (QDs)\u2013polymer nanocomposites for use in multicolor and multilayer OLED pixels through low-cost solution processing. Our semi-IPNs with high solvent resistance, containing an inert polymer network and conjugated polymers, served in different layers of OLED devices. These semi-IPNs do not require complicated chemical modification to OLED materials; therefore, many state-of-the-arts conjugated polymers can be utilized to achieve red\u2013green\u2013blue and white OLEDs by tuning formulations. Our research findings on hybrid QD\u2013oligomer nanocomposites lead to the successful design and synthesis of QD\u2013polymer hybrid nanocomposites, which were used to build proof-of-the-concept devices showing good promise in providing excellent color purity and stability from QDs and solution processability from hybrid nanocomposites."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 98563591, "title": "Amine groups-functionalized alcohol-soluble polyfluorene derivatives: Synthesis, photophysical properties, and self-assembly behaviors", "abstract": "Abstract A polyfluorene derivative with primary amine groups on side chains, poly(9,9-bis(6\u2032-aminohexyl)fluorene) ( PF-NH 2 ), was prepared through de-protection of its analogue polymer poly(9,9-bis(6\u2032-butoxylcarbonylaminohexyl)fluorene) ( PF-BOC ) with hydrochloric acid followed by neutralizing the salt form of poly(6,6\u2032-(9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl)dihexan-1-aminium chloride) ( PF-NION ). PF-NION had good solubility in methanol, DMSO, and DMF. Scanning electron microscopic images of PF-NH 2 in thin films revealed that intramolecular/intermolecular hydrogen bonding and \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 stacking interactions probably played an important role in the formation of special surface morphologies, which might be beneficial to the molecular ordering and device fabrication. The electroluminescence property of PF-NION was recorded on a simple polymer light-emitting diode (PLED) device configuration of ITO/PEDOT/Polymer/Al. Pure blue electroluminescence is achieved from double-layer PLEDs based on PF-NION as the active material with the CIE of (0.16, 0.08).", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 96757796, "title": "Phosphine oxide-functionalized polyfluorene derivatives: Synthesis, photophysics, electrochemical properties, and electroluminescence performance", "abstract": "A series of phosphine oxide-functionalized polyfluorene derivatives, PFH-PO-40-1 (P1), PFH-PO-20-1 (P2), PFH-PO-10-1 (P3), and PFH-PO-1-1 (P4), were prepared via a palladium-mediated Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The structures and purities of all polymers were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, UV-vis and photoluminescent spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and TGA/DSC. Their emission features showed single broad peaks at about 445 nm in film, compared with those in dilute solutions, which might be caused by some degree of aggregation in the excited states of the backbones. The best electroluminescence (EL) performance of these polymers with configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Polymer/Alq3/LiF/Al was obtained from P1 (current efficiency was 4.2 Cd/A at 6V).", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 137175960, "title": "Development of New Polymer Systems and Quantum Dots - Polymer Nanocomposites for Low-cost, Flexible OLED Display Applications", "abstract": "Recently, tremendous progress has been made toward application of organic (small molecule/polymer) light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in full color flat panel displays and other devices. However, with current technologies, OLEDs are still struggling with high manufacturing costs which really limit the size of OLEDs panels and with life time, especially differential aging of colors. To be more cost-effective for fabricating OLEDs, we believe solution-processing would be an attractive path due to its simplicity and highly reduced equipment costs. This proceeding paper discusses our recent progress in development of new polymer systems that are highly solvent-resistant but maintaining their photophysical properties and hybrid quantum-dots (QDs)-polymer nanocomposites for their use in multicolor and multilayer OLEDs pixels through solution-processing. Our new polymer systems are named conductive semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (C-Semi-IPNs) served in different layers of OLEDs devices, containing an inert polymer network and conducting polymer(s) including hole transport and emissive materials. Since these do not require complicated chemical modification or introduction of reactive moieties to OLED materials, many state-of-the-arts emissive polymers can be utilized to achieve RGB and white OLEDs. The research findings on hybrid QDoligomer nanocomposite as a good analogue lead to the successful design and synthesis of QDpolymer nanocomposites which were used to build proof-of-the-concept devices showing a good promise in providing excellent color purity and stability as well as device robustness.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 97796386, "title": "CdSe/ZnS Nanoparticle Composites with Amine-Functionalized Polyfluorene Derivatives for Polymeric Light-Emitting Diodes: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and the Electroluminescent Performance", "abstract": "A series of amine-functionalized poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (PFH) derivatives, PFH-NH2F-39-1 (P1), PFH-NH2F-19-1 (P2), PFH-NH2F-9-1 (P3), and PFH-NH2F-17-3 (P4), and PFH-NH2F-4-1 (P5), were developed to form organic/inorganic hybrid composites with CdSe/ZnS nanoparticle for polymeric light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The structures and purities of all desired polymers were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, UV\u2212vis and photoluminescent spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, elemental analyses. The hybrid nanocomposites were in situ formed through these amino-functionalized polyfluorene derivatives doped with core\u2212shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The detailed characterizations of their photophysical properties revealed that rapid Forster energy transfer from the conjugated polymers to the red-emitting QDs afforded an efficient red color emission. The preliminary polymeric LEDs fabrication with the configuration of ITO/DB/nanocomposites/Al achieved red emission for the in situ prepared hybrid nanocomp...", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 120103116, "title": "Broad area single mode operation of quantum cascade lasers by integrating porous waveguide and distributed feedback grating", "abstract": "Quantum cascade laser (QCL) emitting at 4.8\u00a0$$\\upmu $$\u03bcm with a single-longitudinal mode and small divergence was achieved by integrating porous (PS) waveguide structure and distributed feedback (DFB) grating. The PS waveguide is fabricated in highly doped InP cladding layer by electro-chemical etching process. The DFB grating was defined above the active region by holographic lithography technique. A fundamental transverse mode of single-lobed radiation far-field pattern with full width at half maximum of 7.8$$^{\\circ }$$\u2218 was obtained. Single-longitudinal mode emission with a high peak power of 1.2\u00a0W was achieved. Our work is useful for many potential applications of the QCL.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 110481902, "title": "Distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers operating in continuous-wave mode at \u03bb 7.6 \u03bcm", "abstract": "Distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in continuous-wave (CW) mode emitting at \u03bb \u2248 7.6 \u03bcm are presented. Holographic lithography was used to fabricate the first-order distributed feedback grating. For a high-reflectivity-coated QCL with 14.5-\u03bcm-wide and 3-mm-long cavity, CW output powers of 300 mW at 85 K and still 10 mW at 270 K are obtained. Single-mode emission with a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of about 30 dB and a wide tuning range of ~300 nm in the temperature range from 85 to 280 K is observed.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 55540710, "title": "Viscoelastic Analysis of Asphalt Mixture Based on Creep Test", "abstract": "Two kinds of mineral fibers were added to AC-16C asphalt mixture. Trabecular bending creep experiments of asphalt mixtures were carried out at -10 and 20\u00b0C. The influence of mineral fibers on the low temperature viscoelasticity of asphalt mixtures were analyzed systemically. Furthermore, by using Origin, Burgers viscoelastic model was used to investigate the parameter regression for the creep test results at the different temperatures. The results show that the addition of mineral fibers can effectively improve the bending creep rate of asphalt mixtures, indicates the increase of crack resistance of asphalt mixtures. Good agreement between experimental data and Burgers model was found. The parameters of Burgers model at different temperatures can also provide data support for the viscoelastic design of asphalt pavements.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 110137150, "title": "Research on Wind Environment around Residential Buildings with Different Planning and Design Factors", "abstract": "In this work, a field survey is performed in 309 residential building clusters in South China to obtain the basic characters of urban planning and design of residential buildings in this area. Based on it, the basic model of residential building clusters in this area is established, and CFD method is used to simulate the outdoor wind environment around residential buildings with different planning and design factors. The influence of building coverage ratio on the pedestrian spatial mean velocity ratio under 16 wind directions is found to be more remarkable than those of the floor area ratio and building layout. 10% increase of the building coverage ratio results in 0.1 linear decrease of the mean velocity ratio under 16 wind directions at the pedestrian level.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 121850811, "title": "Improved performance of quantum cascade laser with porous waveguide structure", "abstract": "Quantum cascade laser (QCL) with porous structure is reported in this work. The porous structure is fabricated onto the wafer top surface towards the sides of the QCL waveguide by electro-chemical etching. The pore size of the porous structure is in hundreds of nanometers. Experimental results show that QCL with porous structure exhibits better beam quality. The far field of the typical 60\u2009\u03bcm-ridge-width QCL is modulated from double-lobed shape to single-lobed shape due to the utilizing of porous structure. The full width at half maximum is 5.26\u00b0, which agrees very well with that of fundamental transverse mode. An interesting spectra behavior is also observed. The QCL with porous structure represents a temperature tuning rate of 0.49\u2009nm/K, which is comparable to distributed feedback QCL.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 111455667, "title": "Design of modified comb filter in Sigma-Delta micro accelerometer", "abstract": "In order to improve the performance of the comb filter in Sigma-Delta micro accelerometer and promote the output SNR,the comb filter is modified through adjusting its zero location. According to the research results,the modified comb filter exhibits different quantizing noise filtering capabilities corresponding to different zero locations,and then,the genetic algorithm is employed to attain the optimum zero location which leads to the minimum output quantizing noise. By comparing the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the modified comb filter with that of a fourth-order comb filter,it is proved that the modified comb filter has a rapid cut-off characteristic,which means that the modified comb filter functions much better than the existing comb filter with the criterion of quantizing noise filtering capability."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 34528568, "title": "Interactions between hot Jupiters and their host stars", "abstract": "A young hot Jupiter might have been tidally inflated beyond its Roche radius when its orbit was being circularized. This scenario has the potential to explain a couple of solid or tentative observations such as a pile-up of hot Jupiters around 0.04-0.05 AU, the mass-period correlation of transiting planets, as well as the existence of hot Neptunes. Other scenarios such as tidal dissipation in a planet-host star as well as the magnetic interaction will be also discussed. (\u00a9 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 111020900, "title": "Functional Study of Fluxgate Sensors with Amorphous Wires Cores", "abstract": "The amorphous material Co-based wires as the sensing element in Vacquier type sensor was studied. The magnetic material used in these sensors is CoFeSiB wires produced at the harbin Institute of Technical Physics and prepared by melt extraction. The sensor's functional parameters were measured. The sensor sensitivity is 3.1mV/\u03bcT. The measurements demonstrate the usability of the sensor in a magnetometer for both continuous and alternating magnetic field measurements.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 119466713, "title": "s-PROCESS ABUNDANCES IN PLANETARY NEBULAE", "abstract": "The s-process should occur in all but the lower mass progenitor stars of planetary nebulae, and this should be reflected in the chemical composition of the gas that is expelled to create the current planetary nebula shell. Weak forbidden emission lines are expected from several s-process elements in these shells and have been searched for and in some cases detected in previous investigations. Here we extend these studies by combining very high signal-to-noise ratioechellespectraof asampleof PNewithacriticalanalysisoftheidentificationof theemissionlinesof Z > 30ions. Emission lines of Br, Kr, Xe, Rb, Ba, and Pb are detected with a reasonable degree of certainty in at least some of the objects studied here, and we also tentatively identify lines from Te and I, each in one object. The strengths of these lines indicate enhancement of s-process elements in the central star progenitors, and we determine the abundances of Br,Kr,andXe,elementsforwhichatomicdatarelevantforabundancedeterminationhaverecentlybecomeavailable. Asrepresentative elementsofthe\u2018\u2018light\u2019\u2019and\u2018\u2018heavy\u2019\u2019s-processpeaks,KrandXeexhibitsimilar enhancementsover solar values, suggesting that PN progenitors experience substantial neutron exposure. Subject headingg ISM: abundances \u2014 nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances \u2014 planetary nebulae: general", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 111836061, "title": "Effect of surface roughness of electrode on detecting capacitance", "abstract": "Parallel plate capacitor is a core mechanism in a Micro-mechanical-electrical(MEMS) sensing device.As the surface roughness of an electrode has obviously impact on the space electric field when the distance between the electrodes is shortened in the capacitance detection,this paper explores the effect of the surface roughness of electrode on the performance of the parallel plate capacitor.A parallel plate capacitor model with a single roughness electrode was established,and then the finite element method was used to study the effect of the surface roughness on the detecting capacitance.Based on increasing rough surface to enhance the memory electric charge capability,the formula for parallel plate capacitor with rough surface was corrcted.Finally,the Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) was used to describe the samples with different surface roughnesses.Experiments and simulation results indicate that the surface roughness has a obviously effect on the detecting capacitance.Increasing the surface roughness of an electrode and decreasing the distance between the electrodes can improve the detecting capacitance greatly.When the surface roughness of an electrode increases from 0.063 nm to 60 nm,the detecting capacitance value grows by 9.0 percent.The result shows that increasing the surface roughnesses of electrodes can improve the sensitivity of MEMS devices.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 29537516, "title": "Modulation of the molecular conformation of a hepatocyte-targeting gene drug in order to improve its expression efficiency in vitro.", "abstract": "AIM\nTo construct different conformations of a plasmid DNA/vector complex (pcDNA3.1/IFN-gamma-ASOR-PLL) and transfect cells of the hepatoma cell line BEL7402 to investigate the optimal conformation of the complex for improved expression efficiency in the target cell.\n\n\nMETHODS\nDouble-distilled water and adjuvant were added to the naked pcDNA3.1/IFN-gamma, target vector ASOR-PLL and the ASOR-PLL-pcDNA3.1/IFN-gamma complex to create different conformations; molecules that were transfected into BEL7402 cells and the expression efficiency was determined by measuring the IFN-g concentration in the culture supernatant by ELISA.\n\n\nRESULTS\nNaked pcDNA3.1/IFN-gamma DNA distributed linearly in double-distilled water and condensed into a mica configuration in adjuvant; ASOR-PLL had a net-like distribution without adjuvant and a spider-like form in the adjuvant-treated group; the ASOR-PLL-pcDNA3.1/IFN-g complex had a divaricate form without adjuvant, but a bead-like or granular conformation in 0.1 and 0.2 mol/L of adjuvant, a homogeneous bacilliform or chromatoid-shaped conformation in 0.3 mol/L adjuvant, and varied shapes in 0.4 and 0.5 mol/L adjuvant. The supernatant IFN-gamma expression in the bacilliform/chromatoid conformation complex group was the highest among the different conformation groups and controls. When chloroquine was added the supernatant IFN-gamma concentration increased in the liposome group and decreased in the bacilliform/chromatoid conformation group .\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe two structural molecules and their complex, ASOR-PLL-pcDNA3.1/IFN-gamma, were adjustable in the liquid mode. The specific bacilliform/chromatoid conformation of complex was lysosome enzyme-resistant and could play an active role in improving the efficiency of gene expression. The hypothesis that a chromosome-like conformation of the target gene molecule is involved in enhancing exogenous gene expression is proposed.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 131332775, "title": "Research on similar material of slope simulation experiment", "abstract": "Combining with the research on losing mechanics of inversely oblique terrane slope, tests of similar materials of limestone are performed. The influences of sand-binder ratio, different binders proportion, and different maintain measures on sample strength are studied. The test results indicate that it is feasible to use sand, plaster and cement to simulate rock body. It is shown that the curves between the strength of plaster sample and the sand-binder ratio are hyperbolic, but that the curves between the strength of mixed sample and the sand-binder ratio are parabola. For both plaster and mixed samples, the bake-dry strengths will decrease with increasing time. The air-dry strength of plaster sample increases with time increasing. But the strength of mixed sample changes irregularly with time increasing. These results provide useful references for rock mechanics simulation experiments.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 100653304, "title": "Effect of the Dosimeter Size on the Absorbed Dose to Al_2O_3 Dosimeter in ~(60)Co\u03b3 Beams", "abstract": "The effect of the dosimeter size on the absorbed dose to the Al2O3 dosimeter in a water phantom irradiated by 60Co \u03b3 beams was simulated using EGSnrc /DOSRZnrc code.Simulation results reveal that the effect of the dosimeter size on the absorbed dose ratio factor is obvious.The absorbed ratio factor can be different with different radius or thickness of the dosimeter,and the maximum difference can be up to 6%.But for dosimeter with a certain size,all the absorbed ratio factors are nearly a constant at various depths of 0.5~8.0 cm in the water phantom,and the maximum discrepancy of those the absorbed ratio factors to the average value is not more than 1%.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 16898991, "title": "The Study of Intelligent Control of Medium Frequency Induction Furnace Based on RBF Neural Network", "abstract": "Large inertia, serious delay, nonlinear parameters and complex structure are current problems of process of medium frequency induction furnace, the traditional PID control is difficult to meet the control requirements. As the development of intelligent control theory has been made tremendous results, adaptive PID control program is proposed based on the RBF neural network, using neural network identifier online identification system model to get PID controller parameters auto-adjusting real-time and on-line. So the control system would be able to maintain the indicators in ideal range, having a better balance between the robustness and controllability and improvement of performance between dynamic heating process and static. What's more, the system's capability of anti-jamming has made enhancement. And MATLAB simulation is based on sample data from some experiments, resulting to achieve the desired goal and obtain good control effect.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 124553385, "title": "Another kind of conserved quantity induced by Mei symmetry of mechanico-electrical system", "abstract": "Another kind of conserved quantity deduced from Mei symmetry of mechanico-electrical system is studied. Under the infinitesimal transformation of groups, another kind of conserved quantity of Mei symmetry of mechanico-electrical system is obtained from the definition and the criterion of Mei symmetry of mechanico-electrical system. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 120837398, "title": "Noether-Lie symmetry and conserved quantities of the Rosenberg problem", "abstract": "The Noether-Lie symmetry and conserved quantities of the Rosenberg problem are studied. From the study of the Rosenberg problem,the Noether symmetry and the Lie symmetry for the equation are obtained, thereby the conserved quantities are deduced. Then the definition and the criterion for Noether-Lie symmetry of the Rosenberg problem are derived. Finally,the Noether conserved quantity and the Hojman conserved quantity are deduced from the Noether-Lie symmetry.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 2664051, "title": "LOX-1, mtDNA damage, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages: implications in atherogenesis.", "abstract": "AIMS\nLectin-like ox-LDL scavenger receptor-1 (LOX-1) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage play a key role in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and inflammation. We posited that damaged mtDNA could trigger autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and LOX-1 may play a critical role in this process.\n\n\nMETHODS AND RESULTS\nIn order to examine this hypothesis, cultured human THP-1 macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were applied to study the link between LOX-1, mtDNA damage, autophagy, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression. Our data showed that LPS markedly induced LOX-1 expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, autophagy, mtDNA damage, and NLRP3 inflammasome. LOX-1 inhibition with a binding antibody or siRNA inhibited ROS generation, autophagy and mtDNA damage, and a decreased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. To study the LOX-1-NLRP3 inflammasome signalling, we performed studies using ROS inhibitors and an autophagy inducer, and found that both decreased the expression of NLRP3. On the other hand, autophagy inhibitor enhanced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Knockdown of DNase II inhibited autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome, providing further support for our hypothesis. Finally, we confirmed the relationship between LOX-1, ROS, mtDNA damage, autophagy, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary macrophages.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThis study based on THP-1 macrophages and primary macrophages indicates that LOX-1-mediated autophagy and mtDNA damage play an essential role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in inflammatory disease states."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 6248325, "title": "Hemodynamic shear stress modulates endothelial cell autophagy: Role of LOX-1.", "abstract": "OBJECTIVES\nShear stress, autophagy and LOX-1 are important players in atherogenesis. Direct impact of shear stress on autophagy development in endothelial cells and role of LOX-1 therein are undelineated.\n\n\nMETHODS AND RESULTS\nA parallel-plate flow chamber was used to vary shear stress (3 to 30 dyn/cm(2)), and determine autophagy in endothelial cells. We observed that low shear stress (3 dyn/cm(2)) enhanced autophagy (expression of LC3-II) 2-3 fold, and increasing shear stress (15 to 30 dyn/cm(2)) resulted in a gradual decline. Autophagy increased when cells were treated with an inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LOX-1 expression paralleled autophagy development. The in vitro observations were confirmed in the in vivo setting by studying autophagy (LC3-II and Beclin-1) and LOX-1 expression in wild-type mice given LPS. Expression of both autophagy and LOX-1 was most pronounced in aorto-iliac bifurcation region where shear stress is lower compared with aortic arch, thoracic aorta and iliac artery. To define the role of LOX-1 in the development of autophagy, we studied LOX-1 knockout mice. These mice despite LPS administration exhibited less autophagy (vs. wild-type mice). Role of LOX-1 in the regulation of autophagy was further established with LOX-1 inhibition (siRNA transfection and use of antibody) or overexpression (cDNA transfection), which showed that LOX-1 knockdown reduced while LOX-1 overexpression enhanced LC3-II expression in endothelial cells.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThese observations suggest that low shear stress is a powerful regulator on autophagy, particularly in state of inflammation, and LOX-1 plays an important role in shear stress induced autophagy.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 37239820, "title": "Hemodynamic shear stress via ROS modulates PCSK9 expression in human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and along the mouse aorta.", "abstract": "AIMS\nTo investigate a possible link between hemodynamic shear stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expression.\n\n\nRESULTS\nUsing a parallel-plate flow chamber, we observed that PCSK9 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) reached maximal value at low shear stress (3-6 dynes/cm(2)), and then began to decline with an increase in shear stress. PCSK9 expression increased when cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide. PCSK9 expression was always greater in SMCs than in ECs. ROS generation followed the same pattern as PCSK9 expression. Aortic branching and aorta-iliac bifurcation regions of mouse aorta that express low shear stress were also found to have greater PCSK9 expression (vs. other regions). To determine a relationship between ROS and PCSK9 expression, ECs and SMCs were treated with ROS inhibitors diphenylene-iodonium chloride and apocynin, and both markedly reduced PCSK9 expression. Relationship between PCSK9 and ROS was further studied in p47(phox) and gp91(phox) knockout mice; both mice strains revealed low PCSK9 levels in serum and mRNA levels in aorta-iliac bifurcation regions (vs. wild-type mice). Other studies showed that ROS and NF-\u03baB activation plays a bridging role in PCSK9 expression via lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1).\n\n\nINNOVATION\nLow shear stress induces PCSK9 expression, which is mediated by NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThis study provides evidence that low shear stress enhances PCSK9 expression in concert with ROS generation in vascular ECs and SMCs. ROS seem to regulate PCSK9 expression. We propose that PCSK9-ROS interaction may be important in the development of atherosclerosis in arterial channels with low shear stress.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 18935581, "title": "Lectin-Like ox-LDL Receptor-1 (LOX-1)\u2013Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Interaction and Autophagy in CATH.a Differentiated Cells Exposed to Angiotensin II", "abstract": "Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in innate immune response. Expression of TLRs has also been linked to autophagy. As the main receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on the cell surface, lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines and has been linked to the development of autophagy. However, the relationship between LOX-1, autophagy, and TLR4 in neurons has not been defined. Here, we show that Angiotensin II (Ang II) treatment of CATH.a differentiated neuronal cells resulted in the expression of TLR4 (and associated signals MyD88 and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (TRIF)), LOX-1 autophagy. LOX-1 knockdown (transfection with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)) resulted in reduced expression of TLR4 (and associated signals MyD88 and TRIF) and P-P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and autophagy. TLR4 knockdown with siRNA resulted in reduced LOX-1 expression and autophagy, indicating a positive feedback between LOX-1 and TLR4. Knockdown of TRIF as well as MyD88 or inhibition of P38 MAPK also inhibited the expression of LOX-1 and TLR4 and autophagy. Importantly, pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor) enhanced while rapamycin (autophagy inducer) decreased the expression of LOX-1, TLR4, and P-P38 MAPK. These studies suggest the presence of a bidirectional link between LOX-1and TLR4 in cultured CATH.a differentiated cells exposed to Ang II with an important role for autophagy in this link.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 36365324, "title": "Hypertension, TLR4 activation in brain and cardiac hypertrophy.", "abstract": "This editorial refers to \u2018Central blockade of TLR4 improves cardiac function and attenuates myocardial inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension\u2019 by R.B. Dange et al. , pp. 17\u201327, this issue. \n\nHypertension or high blood pressure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Fortunately, drug therapy along with dietary and lifestyle changes can reduce blood pressure and, therefore, the complications of hypertension in most individuals. On the other hand, untreated or uncontrolled hypertension leads to cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial ischaemia, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Over the years, attempts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of hypertension. While the precise cause of hypertension in most of the patients is not known, there is emerging evidence for neuroendocrine activation and insulin resistance syndrome in hypertension.1 A connection between brain, especially perturbation within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the brain, and development of hypertension has been proposed.2 Brain\u2013heart connection is also beginning to be recognized as a determinant of outcome after myocardial ischaemia.3 Furthermore, there is evidence for immune system activation in hypertension.4 Resulting inflammation along with neuroendocrine stimulation, especially the activation of renin\u2013angiotensin system, may well play an important role in the pathogenesis \u2026", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 24942197, "title": "LOX-1, oxidant stress, mtDNA damage, autophagy, and immune response in atherosclerosis.", "abstract": "As a major receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is upregulated in many pathophysiological events, including endothelial cell dysfunction and smooth muscle cell growth, as well as monocyte migration and transformation into foam cells, which are present in atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases LOX-1 expression, induces mitochondrial DNA damage, and activates autophagy. Damaged mitochondrial DNA that escapes from autophagy induces an inflammatory response. This paper reviews the potential link between LOX-1, mitochondrial DNA damage, autophagy, and immune response in atherosclerosis.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 212670, "title": "Silencing of uncoupling protein 2 by small interfering RNA aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes under septic conditions", "abstract": "Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) regulates the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular energy transduction under physiological or pathological conditions. In this study, we aimed to determine whether mitochondrial UCP2 plays a protective role in cardiomyocytes under septic conditions. In order to mimic the septic condition, rat embryonic cardiomyoblast-derived H9C2 cells were cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus peptidoglycan G (PepG) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) against UCP2 (siUCP2) was used to suppress UCP2 expression. Reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal microscopy and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to detect the mRNA levels, protein levels, mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP or \u0394\u03a8m) in qualitative and quantitative analyses, respectively. Indicators of cell damage [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 in the culture supernatant] and mitochondrial function [ROS, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)] were detected. Sepsis enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of UCP2 in the H9C2 cells, damaged the mitochondrial ultrastructure, increased the forward scatter (FSC)/side scatter (SSC) ratio, increased the CK, LDH, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 levels, and lead to the dissipation of MMP, as well as the overproduction of ROS; in addition, the induction of sepsis led to a decrease in ATP levels and the deletion of mtDNA. The silencing of UCP2 aggravated H9C2 cell damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that mitochondrial morphology and funtion are damaged in cardiomyocytes under septic conditions, while the silencing of UCP2 using siRNA aggravated this process, indicating that UCP2 may play a protective role in cardiomyocytes under septic conditions.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 33196436, "title": "DNA damage and activation of c-ras in human embryo lung cells exposed to chrysotile and cigarette smoking solution.", "abstract": "Epidemiological studies and animal experiments showed that asbestos and cigarette smoking can act synergistically in the development of lung cancer. The mechanism of this synergism is largely unknown. It is well documented that DNA damage and activation of oncogenes play important roles in the development of cancer. The aim of our study was to find out if DNA damage could be increased and c-ras oncogene could be activated when human embryo lung cells were treated with chrysotile (CH) and cigarette smoking solution (CSS) separately or simultaneously. Human embryo lung (HEL) cells were treated with different doses of CH and CSS separately or simultaneously, then DNA strand breaks were detected with single-cell gel electrophoresis assay and the expression of p21 was detected by flow cytometry. Factorial analysis was used to evaluate the combined effect of chrysotile and cigarette smoking solution. The results showed that DNA strand breaks could be increased significantly when HEL cells were exposed to CH and CSS separately for 1 hour and increased in a dose-dependent relationship when cells were exposed to CH and CSS simultaneously for 1 hour. The expression of p21 increased significantly when cells were exposed to CH for 24 hours, but there was no significant increase when cells were exposed to CSS for 24 hours. However, there was an additive effect on the expression of p21 when cells were exposed to CH and CSS simultaneously for 24 hours. When cells were exposed to CH and CSS simultaneously three times (24 hours each time), then passaged for 1 month, the expression of p21 increased synergistically. In conclusion, DNA damage and activation of c-ras may be involved in the process of combined carcinogenesis of CH and CSS.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 206426702, "title": "Induction of autophagy counteracts the anticancer effect of cisplatin in human esophageal cancer cells with acquired drug resistance.", "abstract": "Cisplatin-based chemotherapy frequently resulted in acquired resistance. The underpinning mechanism of such resistance remains obscure especially in relation to autophagic response. This study thus investigated the role of autophagy in the anticancer activity of cisplatin in human esophageal cancer cells with acquired cisplatin resistance. In response to cisplatin treatment, EC109 cells exhibited substantial apoptosis and senescence whereas cisplatin-resistant EC109/CDDP cells exhibited resistance. In this respect, cisplatin increased ERK phosphorylation whose inhibition by MEK inhibitor significantly attenuated the cytotoxic and cytostatic effect of cisplatin. Notably, cisplatin preferentially induces autophagy in EC109/CDDP cells but not in EC109 cells. Moreover, the induction of autophagy was accompanied by the suppression of mTORC1 activity. Abolition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors or knockdown of ATG5/7 re-sensitized EC109/CDDP cells. Co-administration of an autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and cisplatin significantly suppressed tumor growth whereas cisplatin monotherapy failed to elicit anticancer activity in nude mice xenografted with EC109/CDDP cells. To conclude, our data implicate autophagic response as a key mechanism of acquired resistance to cisplatin, suggesting that autophagy is a novel target to improve therapy efficiency of cisplatin toward human esophageal cancers with acquired resistance.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 14353723, "title": "Sinomenine Suppresses Osteoclast Formation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra-Induced Bone Loss by Modulating RANKL Signaling Pathways", "abstract": "Receptor activator of NF-\u03baB ligand (RANKL) is essential for osteoclastogenesis. Targeting RANKL signaling pathways has been an encouraging strategy for treating lytic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sinomenine (SIN), derived from Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenioum acutum , is an active compound to treat RA, but its effect on osteoclasts has been hitherto unknown. In the present study, SIN was found to ameliorate M. tuberculosis H37Ra (Mt)-induced bone loss in rats with a decreased serum level of TRACP5b and RANKL, and an increased level of osteoprotegerin (OPG). In vitro study also showed that SIN could inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. The osteoclastic specific marker genes induced by RANKL including c-Src, MMP-9, TRACP were inhibited by SIN in a dose dependent manner. Signal transduction studies showed that SIN could obviously reduce the expression of RANK adaptor molecule TRAF6 and down-regulate RANKL-induced NF-\u03baB activation. It decreased the RANKL-induced p38, JNK posphorylation but not ERK1/2 posphorylation. SIN could also reduce RANKL-mediated calcium influx which is associated with TRAF6/c-Src complex. Finally, SIN suppressed RANKL induced AP-1 and NFAT transcription, as well as the gene expression of NFATc1 and AP-1 components (Fra-1, Fra-2, c-Fos). The protein expression of c-Fos and TRAF6 were also inhibited by SIN after RANKL stimulation. Taken together, SIN could attenuate osteoclast formation and Mt-induced bone loss by mediating RANKL signaling pathways.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 12169709, "title": "SCIRR39 Promotes Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells and Regulates Expression of Myelin-Associated Inhibitory Factors", "abstract": "SCIRR39 is an identified upregulated gene in rat primary neuron injury and/or regeneration process. However, roles of SCIRR39 in the regeneration of central nervous system (CNS) injury are still largely unexplored. Using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, SCIRR39 expression was detected in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes. Moreover, the results from cell proliferation and cell cycle indicated that SCIRR39 inhibited OPCs proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 and G2/M phases. Importantly, SCIRR39 positively regulated OPC differentiation and the expression of myelin basic protein. We also examined the effect of SCIRR39 on expression of myelin-associated inhibitory factors, including myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMgp), and Nogo A. Nogo A level was markedly regulated by SCIRR39 overexpression or knockdown in oligodendrocytes and cortical neurons co-cultures, while the expression of MAG and OMgp was not obviously changed by SCIRR39 overexpression or knockdown. Taken together, our results indicate the important role of SCIRR39 either in OPC differentiation or in axon myelination, and may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of CNS injury.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 5189114, "title": "Effects of a walking intervention on fatigue-related experiences of hospitalized acute myelogenous leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial.", "abstract": "The purpose of this randomized, controlled clinical trial was to preliminarily examine the effects of a three-week walking exercise program (WEP) on fatigue-related experiences of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients receiving chemotherapy. Eligible AML patients were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=11), which received 12 minutes of WEP per day, five days per week for three consecutive weeks, or to a control group (n=11), which received standard ward care. Effects of the WEP were assessed by seven indicators: worst and average fatigue intensities, fatigue interference with patients' daily life, 12-minute walking distance, overall symptom distress, anxiety, and depressive status. All patients were evaluated four times: before chemotherapy (baseline or Day 1), Day 7, Day 14, and Day 21 of chemotherapy. Data were analyzed by Generalized Estimating Equation and revealed that AML patients in the three-week WEP group had a significantly greater increase in 12-minute walking distance than the control group. Patients in the WEP also had lower levels of fatigue intensity and interference, symptom distress, anxiety, and depressive status than the control group. Although preliminary, our results strongly suggest that three weeks of systematic walking exercise is clinically feasible for AML patients undergoing chemotherapy and can effectively improve their fatigue-related experiences."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 8154042, "title": "Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis associated with nontuberculous mycobacteria.", "abstract": "A 72-year-old woman with a past medical history of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary disease was admitted because of hemoptysis and acute renal failure. A chest X-ray showed interstitial infiltration over bilateral lung fields. Kidney biopsy showed immune complex-mediated acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with 48% crescents and glomerular endocapillary hypercellularity with exudative neutrophils suggestive of infection-related glomerulonephritis. Reactivated NTM infection of the lungs was suspected when mycobacterial cultures of the sputum repeatedly yielded Mycobacterium avium. A lung biopsy revealed chronic inflammation without evidence of alveolar capillaritis. A diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease was further confirmed by tissue culture of the lung biopsy specimens. Antituberculous drugs in combination with clarithromycin were given for the treatment of NTM infection. Pulmonary symptoms promptly responded to the treatments. Furthermore, renal function steadily improved after initiation of anti-NTM therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis associated with NTM infection.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 27457297, "title": "Pulmonary-renal syndrome in a patient with bacterial endocarditis.", "abstract": "Pulmonary-renal syndrome is defined as a combination of pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. We report an unusual case of bacterial endocarditis presenting with pulmonary hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis as the initial manifestations of the disease. A 37-year-old man was admitted with fever, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Admission examinations revealed severe renal failure requiring dialysis therapy. Chest radiograph showed extensive pulmonary reticulonodular infiltrates. Echocardiography revealed ventricular septal defect. Furthermore, blood cultures grew viridians group streptococci. The kidney and lung biopsies demonstrated diffuse cresentic glomerulonephritis and alveolar hemorrhage, respectively. Bacterial endocarditis was diagnosed according to the Duke criteria and the patient was treated with intravenous antibiotic therapy. The pulmonary infiltrates disappeared gradually. However, renal function did not improve, even after trial of a course of immunosuppressive therapy. The patient survived and remained on regular hemodialysis. We conclude that bacterial endocarditis should be included in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary-renal syndrome.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 24936716, "title": "Cancer symptom clusters: a validation study.", "abstract": "Cancer patients often experience multiple symptoms concurrently, a phenomenon called symptom clustering. Different symptom clusters have been identified by various symptom assessment tools, as well as by different research methods, but no study has reported whether these identified symptom clusters can be replicated in a new sample. The severity of nine symptoms in 321 cancer patients was assessed using a Taiwanese version of the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory. The fit between these data and a model with three symptom factors (sickness, gastrointestinal, and emotional) was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Most fitness indices demonstrated a satisfactory fit between the data and a prespecified three-factor model except one; the root mean square error of approximation was <0.06. A modified model with one symptom (lack of appetite) double loaded in the sickness and gastrointestinal factors demonstrated a significantly better fit between the data and the model. Higher scores in each of the three symptom factors were associated with poorer functional status. Metastatic disease and receiving both chemotherapy and radiation therapy were associated with higher scores in sickness and gastrointestinal factors, but not in the emotional factor. Only hospitalization affected patients' scores in emotional factors. Our findings confirmed the prespecified structure of symptom clusters. A modified model showed a better fit. Patients' complex symptom experience may be better represented by subscale scores based on meaningful clusters rather than on an overall score across all symptoms.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 23156528, "title": "Effects of moderate and severe intermittent hypoxia on vascular endothelial function and haemodynamic control in sedentary men", "abstract": "Acclimatization to intermittent hypoxia (IH) improves exercise performance by enhancing oxygen delivery and utilization, but the effect of IH on hemodynamic control remains unclear. This study investigates how two intensities of IH influence hemodynamic control to develop an IH regimen that improves aerobic fitness and minimizes risk of peripheral vascular disorder. Thirty healthy sedentary men were randomly divided into severe (SIH) and moderate (MIH) IH and control (C) groups. The subjects were exposed to 12% (SIH), 15% (MIH), or 21% (C) O2 for 1\u00a0h/day, 5\u00a0days/week for 4\u00a0weeks in a normobaric hypoxia chamber. The results demonstrate that (1) improved pulmonary ventilation and oxygen uptake by SIH and MIH; (2) SIH elevated blood pressure during exercise and increased plasma malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) metabolite levels, accompanied by reduced hyperaemic arterial response, venous compliance, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, and decreased plasma total antioxidant and vitamin E levels; (3) while such effects were not seen following MIH; and (4) there were no significant differences in endothelium-independent vasodilatation during all experimental periods among the three groups. We conclude that both SIH and MIH regimens improve pulmonary ventilation. However, SIH but not MIH decreases anti-oxidative capacity and increases lipid peroxidation in circulation, leading to suppression of vascular endothelial function, causing impairment of vascular haemodynamics.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 13629006, "title": "Benign monoclonal gammopathy-associated acute kidney injury: case report and literature review", "abstract": "Background: Benign monoclonal gammopathy (MG) is an MG that is not accompanied by clinical manifestations of plasma cell dyscrasia, such as multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, amyloidosis, or other related disorders. Benign MG can progress to malignancy, but seldom causes organ damage. Case report: We presented a case denied any underlying disease who visited our hospital as acute uremia syndrome. Laboratory data indicated renal failure and abnormal paraprotein in the serum and urine. Renal biopsy indicated acute tubular necrosis and cast in the renal tubule. The plasma cell counts were normal in his bone marrow biopsy. The patient had received maintenance hemodialysis for the irreversible renal failure. Conclusion: Benign MG might progress to malignancy or other related disorders in a risk of 1% per year. It also might cause secondary organ impairment, such as kidney.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 17504907, "title": "Effects of Integrating Children's Literature and DVD Films into a College EFL Class.", "abstract": "The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the use of children\u2019s literature and DVD films on EFL adult language learning. A total of 89 non-English majors enrolled in two Freshman English classes participated in the study. The study employed a quasi-experimental, pretest/posttest comparison group design. The participants in the experimental group were exposed to the children\u2019s literature and DVD films. In the control group, the participants were exposed to the English Language Teaching (ELT) textbook. The experiment was conducted for two hours per week over two months. Then the reading comprehension sections of the Elementary GEPT posttests were administered and their outcomes were compared with those of the pretests. At the end of the course, the questionnaires were administered to the participants in the experimental group to elicit their perceptions about the various aspects of the use the children\u2019s literature and DVD films. The findings of the study revealed that alternately, reading, viewing the film, and discussing a children\u2019s fantasy novel significantly increased the scores on the reading comprehension subtests over the control group with exposure to the ELT textbook.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 22577770, "title": "Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus RNA in plasma during the course of infection.", "abstract": "We examined severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RNA in plasma of 32 patients (probable SARS cases) by a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay and reported that the highest detection rate, 75%, was found between day 5 and day 7 of illness, followed by rates of 64, 50, and 38% found between day 8 and day 11, day 2 and day 4, and day 12 and day 16, respectively. Analysis of sequential SARS-CoV load in plasma from six cases revealed different patterns of viremia, with the peak between day 4 and day 8. Our findings of the high detection rate of SARS-CoV RNA in plasma before day 11, together with the relative convenience of collecting and handling plasma, suggest that plasma can be used for early diagnosis of SARS.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 19106405, "title": "Cluster of parvovirus infection among hospital staff working in coronary care units.", "abstract": "BACKGROUND\nParvovirus B19 is associated with erythema infectiosum in children or arthralgia and arthritis in adults. The virus is relatively conserved and nucleotide identity is expected in viruses that are epidemiologically related. Here, we describe the first cluster of parvovirus infection among hospital staff documented in Taiwan.\n\n\nMETHODS\nActive surveillance was conducted in coronary care units (CCUs) at a 2200-bed teaching hospital for 1 month in 2007. A case defined clinically as occurring in a patient or staff in CCUs with new onset of fever or rash. Serum was tested for parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG by immunoblotting and DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction. When viremia was detected, nucleotide sequences were analyzed and compared with those of two clinical isolates. The attack rate was defined as the cumulative incidence of acute infection in CCU staff and patients during the study period.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAmong 57 staff and 15 patients, five nurses met the clinical case definition. Three had acute infection as demonstrated by viral DNA and IgM. The attack rate was 5.3% for the staff and zero for patients. Seroprevalence rate was lower in staff than in patients (26.3%vs. 53.3%). The isolates collected from three cases were highly similar to a community isolate, and they varied with each other by 2-6 nucleotides. The isolate collected from a nurse was identical to that from her friend 3 weeks apart and was concordant with mutual transmission. A sequence with 45 nucleotide variations was identified from a staff member with chronic infection who was negative for IgM and had only weak IgG anti-VP1 reaction with immunoblotting. We did not find any patient as the source of infection.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nWe identified a cluster of parvovirus infection that was caused by three circulating strains which did not support the hypothesis of transmission of a single strain in CCUs.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 10645369, "title": "Traditional Chinese medicine, Xin-yi-san, reduces nasal symptoms of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis by its diverse immunomodulatory effects.", "abstract": "BACKGROUND\nPerennial allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common health problem with a high prevalence rate of 43.6% in Taiwan. In our previous study, a mixed formula of Chinese herbs consisted of Xin-yi-san, Xiao-ging-long-tang, and Xiang-sha-liu-jun-zi-tang, exerted diverse immunomodulatory effects in the treatment of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nThe aim of the present study was to determine whether Xin-yi-san (XYS) alone is effective in the treatment of AR and tried to explore its molecular mechanism of anti-allergic activity.\n\n\nMETHODS\nIn a randomized double-blind study, 108 patients with AR received either XYS or a placebo for 3 months. The effectiveness of XYS was evaluated by nasal symptoms, nasal airflow resistance, nostril dissection area, and serum titer of specific IgE antibodies against house dust mite allergens. In addition, the production of T helper (Th) 1 (represented by interferon-gamma) and Th2 [represented by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13] cytokines, the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), and arachidonate metabolites prostagladin E(2) (PGE(2)) and leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were compared before and after treatment between the two groups.\n\n\nRESULTS\nXYS attenuated nasal symptoms (sneezing and rhinorrhea) and nasal congestion through reduction of nasal airflow resistance and increase in nostril dissection areas. We also found that XYS exerted diverse immunomodulatory effects, including suppression of serum IgE levels and increased production of IL-10, sICAM-1, and IL-8 compared to placebo group. However, XYS treatment did not affect the release of PGE(2) and LTC(4) from PMNs.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThis study originally provides the evidence that Xin-yi-san alone is an effective herb in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 24402696, "title": "Serum osteoprotegerin is associated with arterial stiffness assessed according to the cardio-ankle vascular index in hypertensive patients.", "abstract": "AIM\nArterial stiffness is recognized to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have found that osteoprotegerin (OPG) is associated with increased pulse wave velocity and may reflect endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum OPG level and arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI).\n\n\nMETHODS\nFasting blood samples were obtained from 115 hypertensive patients and 52 healthy participants. The CAVI value was derived using the waveform device (CAVI-VaSera VS-1000). The serum OPG levels were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A CAVI value of \u22659 defined the high arterial stiffness group.\n\n\nRESULTS\nSixty-five hypertensive patients (56.5%) were included in the high arterial stiffness group. Diabetes (p=0.032), smoking (p=0.044), age (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.024), pulse pressure (p=0.046) and the creatinine (p=0.013) and serum OPG (p < 0.001) levels were higher in the high arterial stiffness group than in the low arterial stiffness group, while the glomerular filtration rate (p=0.003) was lower in the high arterial stiffness group than in the low arterial stiffness group among the hypertensive patients. The results of the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test also indicated a strong positive correlation between the OPG and CAVI values (r=0.484, p < 0.001) in the hypertensive patients. In addition, a multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio: 1.162, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.070-1.263, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (odds ratio: 1.109, 95% CI: 1.033-1.190, p=0.004), and serum OPG level (odds ratio: 1.275, 95% CI: 1.030-1.580, p=0.026) were independent predictors of arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe serum OPG level is positively associated with arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 138936213, "title": "Temperature-Insensitive Fiber Pressure Sensor Based on Fabry-P\u00e9rot Interferometry", "abstract": "This paper presents the fiber pressure sensor with temperature-insensitive based on the principle of Fabry-Perot interferometry. The design and fabrication of the sensor are based on MEMS technique and only needs a few of simple procedures. The pressure sensing membrane consists of a base polyimide layer, a metal reflective layer, and a SU-8 layer covered on the metal layer. Also, the fiber end facet is coated another SU-8 layer for temperature compensation. The analysis on the thicknesses of temperature compensator and pressure membrane is analyzed by FEM model. This pressure sensor exhibits an approximately linear response to applied pressure ranging from 0 to 60 kPa under the temperature difference about 100\u2103. The simple fabrication, small size, linear response, and temperature-insensitive make the sensor suitable for many industrial applications."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 124832486, "title": "Characterization in Birefringence / Diattenuation of an Optical Fiber in a Fiber-Type Polarimetry", "abstract": "An analytical technique based on the Mueller matrix method and the Stokes parameters is proposed for extracting five effective parameters on the principal axis angle, phase retardance, diattenuation axis angle, diattenuation and optical rotation angle of anisotropic optical materials. The linear birefringence (LB) / circular birefringence (CB) properties and linear diattenuation (LD) properties are decoupled within the analytical model. The analytical method is then integrated with a genetic algorithm to extract the optical properties of samples with linear birefringence property using a fiber-based polarimeter. The result demonstrates the feasibility of analytical model in characterizing five effective parameters of anisotropic optical material. Also, it confirms that the proposed fiber-based polarimeter provides a simple alternative to existing fiber-based probes for parameter measurement in the near field or the remote environment. A low birefringence fiber-based polarimeter based on effective parameters and genetic algorithm without using a fiber polarization controller is first proposed confirmatively.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 42644838, "title": "Robust detection scheme on noise and phase jump for phase maps of objects with height discontinuities--theory and experiment.", "abstract": "This paper proposes a robust noise and phase jump detection scheme for noisy phase maps containing height discontinuities. The detection scheme has two primary functions, namely to detect the positions of noise and to locate the positions of the phase jumps. Generally speaking, the removal of noise from a wrapped phase map causes a smearing of the phase jumps and therefore leads to a loss of definition in the unwrapped phase map. However, in the proposed scheme, the boundaries of the phase jump regions are preserved during the noise detection process. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated using the simulated and experimental wrapped phase maps of a 3D object containing height discontinuities, respectively. It is shown that the noise and phase jump detection scheme enables the precise and efficient detection of three different types of noise, namely speckle noise, residual noise, and noise at the lateral surfaces of the height discontinuities. Therefore, the proposed scheme represents an ideal solution for the pre-processing of noisy wrapped phase maps prior to their treatment using a filtering algorithm and phase unwrapping algorithm.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 101310537, "title": "Rotation Angle Measurement Using an Electro-Optic Heterodyne Interferometer", "abstract": "An electro-optic heterodyne interferometer based on phase-locked extraction for measuring low optical rotation angle is successfully developed. The validity of the proposed design is demonstrated by a half-wave plate with the average relative error of 0.74%. When applied to the measurement of glucose solutions with concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.2 g/dl, the average relative error in the measured rotation angle of glucose solutions is determined to be 1.46%. The correlation coefficient between the measured rotation angle and the glucose concentration is determined to be 0.999991, while the standard deviation is just 0.00051 degrees. Overall, the current proposed system is capable of measuring glucose concentration as low as 0.01 g/dl with an error of 6.67%.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 122864889, "title": "Modified total intensity ratio methods for measuring cell gap of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells", "abstract": "This paper modifies the total intensity ratio method (TIRM) used to measure the cell gap of twisted nematic liquid crystal (TNLC) cells. Compared to the conventional TIRM in which a mechanical mechanism is used to physically rotate the polarizer, the modified TIRM methods presented in this study measure the total intensity ratio using a polarization rotation modulator. Two modified measurement methods are introduced. In the first, the saw-tooth signal applied to the electro-optic (EO) modulator is used as a reference signal in order to determine the polarization state of the measured signal. In the second method, a beam splitter and an additional quarter wave plate are added to the optical configuration. The quarter wave plate is adjusted such that a phase-matching condition is obtained between the reference and measured signals. The experimental results confirm that the modified TIRM approaches yield comparable accuracy to the conventional TIRM. Furthermore, in the proposed approaches, sufficient intensity signals to determine the cell gap can be obtained in just 2 s.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 32446206, "title": "Physical and numerical investigation of single-layered tungsten gratings for thermophotovoltaic emitters", "abstract": "A polarization-insensitive thermophotovoltaic emitter which is easily manufactured using microfabrication techniques is optimized based on physical and numerical studies. First, ranges of geometrical dimensions of the emitter based a single-layered tungsten grating are confined with the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons, cavity resonance, and Wood's anomaly at defined wavelengths. Then, a combined numerical scheme including the rigorous coupled-wave analysis and a genetic algorithm is implemented to find the grating's geometry with an objective of maximizing emittance. The results show that the optimized emitter yields the peak emittance of 0.997 and 0.935 at the transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations, respectively. The physical mechanism of the enhanced emittance is also confirmed by patterns of electromagnetic fields and Poynting vectors using the finite difference time-domain method. Overall, the results presented in this study show that the single-layered grating provides a very simple and ideal solution for thermophotovoltaic applications.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 31139474, "title": "Design of Self-Sampling Based ASK Demodulator for Implantable Microsystem", "abstract": "In most of bioimplantable or wireless sensor network systems, ASK is one of the most commonly used schemes to modulate the baseband signal with reference to the intermediate or even the carrier frequency. In this study, a novel demodulator architecture is proposed. It is based on a simple self-sampling scheme which is a truly low-cost high-efficiency implementation and has excellent ability to work on a very small difference (0.15 V) between the two modulated levels, which represent the binary '0' and '1' separately. The results show the presented type can be designed to fit the operation carrier for the special need and has a quite area efficiency than the ever published similar works due to its existent digital benefit. In addition, a comforting robustness is also demonstrated under different process variations. According to the merits mentioned above, both the chip cost and the complexity in the design of on-chip voltage regulator for stable DC extraction are greatly reduced. This design has been verified and realized by using a TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) 0.18-mum 1P6M standard CMOS technology.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 2644453, "title": "Temperature insensitive current reference for the 6.27 MHz oscillator", "abstract": "This paper describes a circuit, which generates temperature-independent bias currents. In this paper, low-temperature coefficient reference is presented. The circuit is firstly employed to generate a current reference with temperature compensation, then combining the opposite characteristic curve current reference to minimize the variation of temperature. The proposed circuit has been design by a 0.18\u03bcm CMOS technology process and using computer simulation to evaluate the thermal drift of the reference current. This current reference is used to provide a stable current for a current controlled oscillator(CCO). The proposed CCO achieves temperature coefficients of 22.3 ppm/\u00b0C in the temperature range between \u221225 and 75\u00b0C.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 9406544, "title": "A 0.7 V input output-capacitor-free digitally controlled low-dropout regulator with high current efficiency in 0.35 \u03bcm CMOS technology", "abstract": "This paper presents a discussion on an ultralow supply voltage low-dropout regulator (LDO) using a digitally controlled technique. Based on a [email\u00a0protected] standard CMOS process with V\"T\"N~0.5V and |V\"T\"P|~0.7V, measurement results showed that the proposed digitally controlled LDO can operate from 0.7V to 0.9V with a dropout voltage of 200mV. At a supply voltage of 0.9V, the proposed LDO is capable of providing a regulated output of 0.7V and delivering a maximal load current of 50mA at 99.9% current efficiency. With the proposed LDO operated at 1MHz clock, the measured quiescent current is only [email\u00a0protected] No external output capacitor is required to stabilize the control loop. For a supply voltage of 0.9V, the proposed digital LDO features a tunable transient time with a maximal operating frequency up to approximately 14MHz. The proposed LDO can also operate at supply voltages of 0.7V in a [email\u00a0protected] standard CMOS process. For an input voltage of 0.7V and an output voltage of 0.5V, the proposed LDO can deliver a maximal load current of 5mA, which meets the specification of recently published 0.5V applications. With these advantages, the proposed digitally controlled LDO is suitable for low-voltage and low-power applications.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 15569703, "title": "Supply voltage and temperature insensitive current reference for the 4 MHz oscillator", "abstract": "This paper presents a 4 MHz current control ring oscillator with a new temperature and supply voltage immune current reference implemented by 0.35nm CMOS technology. Compared to the conventional oscillator with current reference techniques, the proposed approach shows a significant improvement for the sensitivities of temperature and supply voltage. The current reference is designed by combining positive and negative temperature effect circuits, such that it can exempt from the temperature and supply voltage variations. By HSPICE simulation, this new current reference is insensitive to the supply voltage with variations of \u22120.47%\u223c0.67% over the supply voltage range of 2.97V to 3.63V, and it is also insensitive to the temperature with variation of 366 ppm/\u00b0C over the temperature range of \u221240\u00b0C to 100\u00b0C. The proposed oscillator frequency is insensitive to the supply voltage with variations of \u221215%\u223c20% over the supply voltage range of 2.97V to 3.63V, and it is insensitive to temperature with variation of 404 ppm/\u00b0C over the temperature range of-40\u00b0C to 100\u00b0C.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 8962909, "title": "Characterization of voltage-driven twisted nematic liquid crystal cell by dynamic polarization scanning ellipsometry.", "abstract": "A dynamic polarization scanning ellipsometry technique based on Stokes polarimetry is proposed for dynamically characterizing a voltage-driven twisted nematic liquid crystal (TNLC) cell. In the proposed method, the six effective ellipsometric parameters are extracted under modulation voltages ranging from 0 V ~ + 10 V using four linearly polarized input lights. The profiles of the tilt angle and twist angle are calculated as a function of the modulation voltage. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by comparing the experimental results for the effective ellipsometric parameters of a TNLC cell with the analytical results. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm (GA) based on a curve-fitting technique is used to inversely extract the pretilt angle, twist angle and rubbing direction of the TNLC cell. These extracted values are then compared to the known valued of the TNLC cell. In general, the results presented in this paper show that the proposed method provides a reliable means of obtaining the dynamic optical properties of a TNLC cell.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 35108624, "title": "Ultrafast Charge Generation in an Organic Bilayer Film.", "abstract": "The dynamics of charge generation in a high performing molecular photovoltaic system, p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2 (see Figure 1 ) is studied with transient absorption. The optimized bulk heterojunction material shows behavior observed in many other systems; the majority of charges are generated at short time scales (<150 fs), and a slower contribution from incoherently diffusing excitons is observed at low pump fluence. In a separate experiment, the role of bulk heterojunction material morphology on the process of ultrafast charge generation was investigated with bilayers made with solution processed donor molecules on a photopolymerized C60 layer. The majority of carriers are again produced at short time scales, ruling out the idea that subpicosecond charge generation can be understood wholly in terms of localized excitons. We evaluate possible causes of this behavior and propose that the excited state is highly delocalized on short time scales, providing ample probability density at the charge generating interface."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 25666518, "title": "Synthesis and properties of electrophosphorescent chelating polymers with iridium complexes in the conjugated backbone.", "abstract": "The synthesis of electrophosphorescent chelating polymers by Suzuki polycondensation of A-A- and B-B-type monomers is described, in which the fluorene-alt-carbazole (PFCz) segment is used as polymer backbone. By using alkyl-substituted ligands of iridium complex monomers, chelating copolymers with higher contents of iridium complex can be synthesized. Chemical and photophysical characterization confirm that the Ir complex is incorporated into the polymer backbone as one of the monomer repeat units by means of two 5-bromotolylpyridine ligands. Chelating polymers with Ir complexes in the conjugated polymer backbone show highly efficient energy transfer of excitons from the PFCz host segment to the Ir complex by an intramolecular trapping mechanism. The external quantum and luminous efficiencies of a device made with PFCzMppyIrhm4 copolymer reach 4.1 % ph/el (photons/electron) and 5.4 cd A(-1), respectively, at a current density of 32.2 mA cm(-2), an emission peak of 577 nm, and a luminance of 1730 cd cm(-2). Most important, the devices made from the chelating copolymers show no notable efficiency decay with increasing current density due to reduced concentration quenching and triplet-triplet (T-T) annihilation. This indicates that incorporation of the phosphorescent complex into the rigid conjugated polymer main chain is a new way to simultaneously realize high efficiency, long-term stability, and simple processing of phosphorescent polymer light-emitting diodes.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 205250328, "title": "A series of new medium-bandgap conjugated polymers based on naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis(2-octyl-[1,2,3]triazole) for high-performance polymer solar cells.", "abstract": "A series of novel conjugated copolymers based on naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis(2-octyl-[1,2,3]triazole) (TZNT) are synthesized. These copolymers exhibit medium bandgaps of \u22481.9 eV. One of them demonstrates a high performance of up to 6.10% power conversion efficiency in a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar-cell device. The performance can be further enhanced to 7.11% when applied in an inverted device architecture, using PF3 N-OX as an interfacial modifier.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 97911553, "title": "A supramolecular large band gap host for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes", "abstract": "A large band gap supramolecular polymer based on host\u2013guest interactions was developed as the host material for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. The dibenzo-24-crown-8, and dibenzylammonium salt functionalized fluorene-based large band gap compounds 1 and 2 were developed as the host and guest monomers, respectively. The resulting linear supramolecular polymer (SP) 3 was obtained from the self-organization of the host and guest monomers, which was validated by nuclear magnetic resonance, viscosity and differential scanning calorimetry studies. The SP 3 maintained the triplet energy level of the host monomer 1 and the guest monomer 2. The resulting device based on the supramolecular host material and a yellow-phosphorescent complex Ir(Flpy)3 achieved a maximum luminance efficiency of 18.2 cd A\u22121.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 95312766, "title": "Anionic triphenylamine\u2010 and fluorene\u2010based conjugated polyelectrolyte as a hole\u2010transporting material for polymer light\u2010emitting diodes", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Hole-transport layers (HTLs) play a crucial role in multilayer polymeric light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) for the achievement of satisfactory device performance. During the fabrication of multilayer PLEDs via solution processing, the fabricated HTLs encounter the risk of erosion during the film-forming process of subsequent emitting layers (EMLs). In contrast to the widely investigated crosslinkable HTLs, much less attention has been paid to the preparation of polar-solvent-soluble HTLs, which is a straightforward solution to overcome the interfacial mixing between HTLs and EMLs during solution processing. \n \n \n \nRESULTS: Alternating triphenylamine- and fluorene-based anionic copolymer poly[9,9-bis(4\u2032-sulfonatobutyl)fluorene-alt-N-(p-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4,4\u2032-diphenylamine]sodium salt (PFT-CF3) was synthesized via a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. This polyelectrolyte is soluble only in polar solvents such as methanol, dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide rather than in non-polar solvents such as toluene, chloroform and xylene. The relatively high HOMO (\u22125.22 eV) and LUMO (\u22122.26 eV) levels of this polymer endow it simultaneously with good hole-transporting and electron-blocking capabilities. The performance of red-, green- and blue-emitting devices utilizing this polyelectrolyte as HTL was investigated. \n \n \n \nCONCLUSION: The anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte based on triphenylamine and fluorene, PFT-CF3, can serve as a promising hole-transporting/electron-blocking layer in multilayer PLEDs. Copyright \u00a9 2009 Society of Chemical Industry", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 98839331, "title": "Effects of titanium incorporation on phase and electrochemical performance in LiFePO4 cathode material", "abstract": "Abstract Ti-incorporated LiFe 1\u2212 x Ti x PO 4 (0\u00a0\u2264\u00a0 x \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.2) samples have been prepared via a two-step solid-state reaction route. The samples have systematically been investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge/discharge measurements. The incorporation of Ti in LiFePO 4 significantly enhances the electrochemical performance; the carbon-coated LiFe 0.9 Ti 0.1 PO 4 sample shows the best performance. It is confirmed that LiFe 1\u2212 x Ti x PO 4 with x \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05 are of single phase while those with 0.07\u00a0\u2264\u00a0 x \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.2 contain impurity phases: LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and TiP 2 O 7 . The impurities influence not only the electronic conductivity, but also the total specific capacity. Appropriate amount of titanium incorporation is favorable for the improvement in electrochemical performance.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 10840845, "title": "Methods of time slicing and mapping for next generation broadcasting-wireless", "abstract": "In order to realize flexible time slicing in the Next Generation Broadcasting-Wireless (NGB-W) system, new time slicing scheme and the associated mapping scheme are proposed. The performance of the proposed time slicing scheme is evaluated by extensive simulations. Simulation results show that the performance of broadcasting systems with the proposed time slicing scheme is much better than that of broadcasting systems without time slicing in mobile environment, especially in low Doppler scenario.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 96700982, "title": "One-step coating inverted polymer solar cells using a conjugated polymer as an electron extraction additive", "abstract": "We report a facile technique of blending a conjugated polymer thieno[3,4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene (PTB7):[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM[70]) active materials with a conjugated interfacial modification polymer poly[(9,9-bis(3\u2032-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) to simplify the coating process and improve the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cell (PSC) performance. The reason for and result of PFN self-organization via a spontaneous vertical delamination onto the ITO surface were investigated by charge transfer state, optical modelling based on transfer matrix formalism, surface energy measurement, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and impedance spectroscopy analysis in conjunction with atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The relaxed charge transfer state demonstrates that PFN doping has a negligible impact on the donor:acceptor heterojunction interface. The optical simulation of device structures indicates that doping PFN into a BHJ has nearly no influence on the photon absorption profile of the active layer. Very encouraging device performance was achieved in the one-step coating PFN:BHJ PSC with ITO as the cathode, which is comparable to that of the two-step coating PSC. Moreover, for ITO-free inverted PSCs with PEDOT:PSS as the incident light top-electrode, decent device performance can also be obtained, demonstrating the remarkable universality through this facile strategy.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 93163093, "title": "Efficient and low-temperature processed perovskite solar cells based on a cross-linkable hybrid interlayer", "abstract": "A cross-linkable conjugated polymer, poly[9,9-bis(6\u2032-(N,N-diethylamino)propyl)-fluorene-alt-9,9-bis-(3-ethyl(oxetane-3-ethyloxy)-hexyl)-fluorene] (PFN-OX), was investigated as the n-type interface layer for highly efficient and low-temperature processed planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. Hybrid composite films consisting of PFN-OX and ZnO nanoparticles were utilized as electron selective layers, and a remarkable power conversion efficiency over 16% was achieved. The cross-linkable PFN-OX provided a robust hybrid composite electron selective layer, which is solvent-resistant during the device fabrication process and results in efficient electron extraction and hole blocking. Meanwhile, time-resolved photoluminescence quenching measurements indicated that the charge separation and collection processes were improved for devices based on PFN-OX:ZnO, in comparison with devices using pure PFN-OX or ZnO. The device stability and the hysteresis effect were also discussed. Moreover, this study introduces the cross-linking concept in perovskite solar cells, which will potentially be an effective strategy for obtaining high performance perovskite solar cells.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 101820929, "title": "Catalytic activity of iridium dioxide with different morphologies for oxygen reduction reaction", "abstract": "Iridium dioxide with different morphologies (nanorod and nanogranular) is successfully prepared by a modified sol-gel and Adams methods. The catalytic activity of both samples for oxygen reduction reaction is investigated in an alkaline solution. The electrochemical results show that the catalytic activity of the nanogranular IrO2 sample is superior to that of the nanorod sample due to its higher onset potential for oxygen reduction reaction and higher electrode current density in low potential region. The results of Koutecky-Levich analysis indicate that the oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by both samples is a mixture transfer pathway. It is dominated by four electron transfer pathway for both samples in high overpotential area, while it is controlled by two electron transfer process for both samples in low overpotential area.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 136769510, "title": "Template-Free Synthesis of Hierarchical m-ZrO2 Nanorods and its Formation Mechanism", "abstract": "Hierarchical ZrO2 nanorods have recently received considerable attention due to their special physical and chemical properties. However, traditional preparation methods are involved in expensive equipment, complicated process and high production cost. Here we report a simple hydrothermal approach to prepare hierarchical ZrO2 nanorod. The results show that as-synthesized products are composed of many nanorods with 80~150 nm in diameter and 15~20 \u03bcm in length. After annealing, the final product was involved into hierarchical monoclinic ZrO2 (m-ZrO2) nanorods, namely, the big nanorod was made up of many small nanorods with 20~30 nm in diameter and 300~500 nm in length. The possible formation mechanism was proposed based on a series of chemical reactions and the natural properties of zirconium.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 122281652, "title": "Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Fluoride in Sand", "abstract": "The transport and transformation of fluoride in sand were studied by using soil tank test under the condition of saturated water in this article. Based on the analysis of the laboratory experiments, the rules of fluorine transportation and transformation were simulated in sand by solving the advection-diffusion equation. Through comparison between computed results and observed data, it is shown that the established model and determined parameters could be used to simulate the fluoride transport in sand."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 39889589, "title": "A new Ni12 cluster based on polyoxometalate ligands.", "abstract": "A new Ni(12) cluster based on polyoxometalate ligands [Ni(12)(OH)(9)WO(4)(W(7)O(26)(OH))(PW(9)O(34))(3)](25-) (1) has been assembled in aqueous solution containing [PW(9)O(34)](9-), WO(4)(2-), and NiCl(2) x 6 H(2)O. The Ni(12) core in 1 shows a unique three-petal flower-shaped structure composed of three Ni(4) cubane units. Magnetic investigation indicates the presence of dominantly ferromagnetic interactions within the Ni(12) core.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 100189503, "title": "Numerical Simulation on Tube-type Ethylene Pyrolyzer", "abstract": "Numerical simulation on the USC tube-type ethylene pyrolyzer was carried out. Some detailed information about flow field, temperature field and concentration distribution was obtained, which revealed the basic characteristics of flow, heat transfer, mass transfer and reaction processes in the pyrolyzer. The results indicated that there were highly non-uniform distributions of flue-gas velocity, concentration and temperature in the furnace, which caused non-uniform distribution of tube skin temperature and heat flux of reactor tubes. On the other hand, the profiles of oil-gas velocity, pressure, temperature and components concentration along the vertical direction of reactor tubes were obtained. The steep velocity and temperature gradients along the radial position, and less obvious radial profiles of components concentration were also found.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 98207464, "title": "A co-crystal of 2-methyl\u00adbenz\u00adimidazole and ammonium octamolybdate", "abstract": "In the title compound, tetra\u00adammonium octamolybdate bis(2-methyl\u00adbenz\u00adimidazole), (NH4)4[Mo8O26]\u00b72C8H8N2, the crystal packing is stabilized by N\u2014H\u22efO, N\u2014H\u22efN and C\u2014H\u22efO intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, as well as \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 stacking. The anion lies on an inversion center.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 88456622, "title": "Identification and characterization of neutralizing antigen epitope of hepatitis E virus clustered in genotype IV", "abstract": "Objective To identify and to characterize neutralizing antigen epitopes of a newly identified Chinese strain of genotype IV of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and to compare the epitopes with those of HEV strains clustered into other three different genotypes. Methods Recombinant capsid protein p166Chn and monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against the p166Chn were prepared. Neutralizing activity of the McAb was tested by an in vitro PCR-based HEV neutralization assay. The neutralizing antigen epitopes in the genotype IV isolated in China and other strains with different genotypes were analyzed by ELBA and Western blot combined with an additive ELISA assay. Results Six hybridoma cell lines secreting specific McAb against p166Chn were obtained. The McAb could effectively neutralize the infectivity of the homogenous HEV strain to PLC/PRF/5 cells. They strongly reacted with seven different p166 recombinant proteins including p166Chn,p166Bur,p166Mor,p166Pak,p166Mex,p166Us and p166Nz, which were derived from different HEV reference strains of genotype I , II , III and IV, respectively. Moreover, the additive ELBA assay showed negative reactions of McAb. The data indicated that all the McAb recognized a common neutralizing antigen epitope on the p166 proteins. Conclusion The newly identified HEV genotype IV possesses a same neutralizing antigen epitope as that derived from HEV strains of genotype I , H and ffl worldwide.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 22236179, "title": "The interaction of lysozyme with caffeine, theophylline and theobromine in solution", "abstract": "The interactions of lysozyme with caffeine (Caf), theophylline (Tph) and theobromine (Tbr) were investigated using UV\u2013Vis absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra techniques. The results revealed that Caf (Tph or Tbr) caused the fluorescence quenching of lysozyme by the formation of Caf (Tph or Tbr)\u2013lysozyme complex. The binding constants (KA) and thermodynamic parameters (\u0394G\u00b0, \u0394H\u00b0, \u0394S\u00b0) at two different temperatures, the binding locality, and the binding power were obtained. The results showed that the process of binding Caf (Tph or Tbr) to lysozyme was a spontaneous molecular interaction procedure and the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions play a major role in stabilizing the complex; The distance r between donor (lysozyme) and acceptor (Caf, Tph or Tbr) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The effect of Caf (Tph or Tbr) on the conformation of lysozyme was analyzed using synchronous fluorescence and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra techniques. The results showed that the binding of Caf (Tph or Tbr) to lysozyme induced some micro-environmental and conformational changes in lysozyme and disturbed the environment of the polypeptide of lysozyme.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 110172921, "title": "Relaxation Laws of Anchor on Pressure Dispersive Retaining Wall", "abstract": "In order to study anchor relaxation of pressure dispersive retaining wall, the numerical simulation model was designed to simulate the retaining wall with single anchor plate. The results showed that the pressure dispersive retaining wall had good overall stability. Anchor Relaxtion had two sudden changes. As a result, the lateral soil pressure near the anchor had been released and the displacement Significantly increased.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 14147716, "title": "Study on method of improvement about Annubar Flowmeter base on numerical simulation", "abstract": "For the difficulties of obtaining the discharge coefficient of the Annubar Flowmeters at large diameters, some attempt were made to improve this meter based on the numerical simulation. Some researches were done on two flowmeters with different blockage ratio under the condition of fully developed fluid by using standard k-\u03b5 turbulence model. The measurement characteristics of both flowmeters, such as pressure loss, linearity of discharge coefficient were calculated and compared. The results show that the impact of surface roughness is small. Linearity of discharge coefficient of both flowmeter is agreed with experimental results. The pressure loss of improved flowmeter is smaller than before. The experimental measurement characteristics of improved one are agreed with the simulation. Larger output differential pressure could be obtained.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 6717289, "title": "Vertical-rotary inverted pendulum system based on fuzzy control", "abstract": "Fuzzy control was used to control a vertical rotary invert-pendulum with single fulcrum due to its complex characteristics in this paper. Movable equation of the inverted pendulum was derived, according to the dynamics analysis method of Lagrange. By system feasible approximation, an easily analytical math model was deduced. At the same time, the fuzzy logical tool package of MATLAB was used to build FIS of the inverted pendulum, and the function of figure modeling and simulation in it to simulate inverted pendulum. The results shows that the method is practicable.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 16003708, "title": "Water Resources Planning Approach Based on SEE Complex System A Case Study of Qinhuangdao", "abstract": "The paper discussed the optimum uses of water resource in a city based on Social-Economic-Environmental (SEE) complex system by applying System Dynamic Model, which fully considered the interactions and interrelations amongst each element in the SEE complex system. The SD model can be used to estimate the overall development trends based on the current development status, and then relevant information of water supply-demand can also be available. Furthermore, by sensitivity analysis and running SD model on the current situations, the important parameters and variables (IPV) of could be identified, and different development modes could be designed through adjusting IPV value. Then through comparing and analyzing the simulation results of SD model, the optimal water resources utilization mode could be selected. As an example, Qinhuangdao water resource system dynamic (QinSD) model was set up to research the information of water supply and demand in different economic development mode which the paper framed, and then the sustainable water resources plan of Qinhuangdao was achieved", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 122300720, "title": "Isotropy analysis of redundant parallel six-axis force sensor", "abstract": "Abstract The structural model of generalized redundant parallel six-axis force sensor is proposed. Based on the modified Stewart platform, its mathematical model is established with screw theory. The structural models of four typical redundant six-axis force sensors are proposed and their mathematical models are established for the corresponding structures. The isotropy of the four structural models is analyzed. The parameters relation leading to spatially isotropic configuration is conduced and demonstrated by a numerical example. Analytic solutions to the isotropy of the four models are conducted and their valid range of the analytic results leading to isotropic configuration is discussed. The conclusion is drawn that under the condition of force isotropy, two structures with the relatively least thickness are selected when all the legs of different structures are the same.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 43854809, "title": "Optimized extraction of calcium malate from eggshell treated by PEF and an absorption assessment in vitro.", "abstract": "Under optimized pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment for production of eggshell calcium malate (ESCM) by one-factor-at-a-time test and ternary quadratic regression orthogonal combination design (TQROCD), an absorption assessment of ESCM treated by the best conditions of PEF were performed in male mice with apparent calcium absorption rate (ACAR), serum alkalinity phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), serum calcium and serum phosphorus, length of femurs and skeletal calcium content were studied. The highest dissoluble calcium malate content (7.075 mg/mL) was obtained with the 6.0% malic acid, the electric field intensity of 20 kV/cm, and pulse duration of 24 \u03bcs. In vitro, ESCM prepared by the best conditions of PEF at doses of 133.0 mg kg(-1) d(-1) for 70 d not only significantly improve the ALP activity, the femur length and calcium content of bone of the mice (P<0.05) but also decreased the levels of TRAP (P<0.05). The ratio of calcium and phosphorus was in the normal range. PEF could be taken as a highly effective, environmentally friendly and energy-saving method for preparation of ESCM, which treated by PEF could promote the absorption of calcium in vitro, extraordinary can promote bone development and a healthy bone."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 880123, "title": "Primary and secondary structure of novel ACE-inhibitory peptides from egg white protein.", "abstract": "The primary structure of novel angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide from egg white protein was investigated, and secondary structure of the peptide was explored for the first time. The potential effects of bioactive peptides were submitted to bioactivity screening with ACE inhibitory activity, antioxidant property, and anticoagulation activity. Bioactive peptides from egg white protein were characterized by LC tandem mass spectrometric, and secondary structures of those peptides were investigated by FT-IR. Our results showed that total 11 bioactive peptides with three new and eight known structures were identified with LC/MS/MS, which then were synthesized by Fmoc solid phase method. Peptide Thr-Asn-Gly-Ile-Ile-Arg (TNGIIR) exhibited higher activity against ACE to other two new peptides. The concentration of the peptide TNGIIR, necessary to inhibit 50% the activity of ACE was 70 \u03bcM. Results also suggested that the secondary structural differences between peptides could also influence the ACE inhibition capacity. Thus, it appears that primary and secondary structure of peptide plays the potential role inhibiting the ACE activity.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 102538110, "title": "Extracting egg yolk lecithin using PEF-assisted organic solvent", "abstract": null, "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 6940393, "title": "Subchronic toxicity study of corn silk with rats.", "abstract": "AIM OF THIS STUDY\nCorn silk is a traditional herbal medicine in China, which has been used in many parts of the world for the treatment of edema as well as for cystitis, gout, kidney stones, nephritis, prostatitis and similar ailments. However, there is little scientific evidence about its safety. As a part of its safety assessment, a subchronic toxicity was performed in this paper.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe subchronic toxicity was investigated in male and female Wistar rats by dietary administration at concentrations of 0.5%, 2.0% and 8.0% (w/w) for 90 days. Overall health, body weight, food consumption, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights, gross and microscopic appearance of tissues were compared between test and control groups.\n\n\nRESULTS\nA number of significant differences were seen between groups, but none of them was considered to be adverse. Based on the present study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of corn silk is at least 8.0% which corresponds to a mean daily corn silk intake of approximately 9.354 and 10.308 g/day/kg body weight for males and females, respectively.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe results obtained in the present study suggest that consumption of corn silk has no adverse effects and support the safety of corn silk for humans.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 41062759, "title": "Rapid determination of melamine in milk using water-soluble CdTe quantum dots as fluorescence probes", "abstract": "Water-soluble CdTe quantum dots of different sizes capped with thioglycolic acid (TGA-CdTe QDs) were synthesised via a microwave-assisted method. It was found that melamine could quench the fluorescence emission of TGA-CdTe QDs in aqueous solution. Based on this, a novel method for the determination of melamine has been developed. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity of TGA-CdTe QDs versus melamine concentrations gave a linear response according to the Stern\u2013Volmer equation. The proposed method has been successfully used to detect melamine in liquid milk with a detection limit of 0.04\u2009mg\u2009L\u22121, and the whole process including sample pre-treatment could be accomplished within 30\u2009min. The obvious merits provided by this method, such as simplicity, rapidity, low cost and high sensitivity would make it promising for on-site screening of melamine adulterant in milk products. The possible mechanism involved in the interaction of melamine with TGA-CdTe QDs is discussed.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 102053543, "title": "Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Analogues of Phthalamide Containing Acylurea and Acylthiourea", "abstract": null, "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 55890386, "title": "Addition of cell wall degrading enzyme and wheat bran on fermentation characteristics and in vitro gas production of ensiled rice straw", "abstract": "A two way factorial experiment was designed to study the technique aspects of ensiling rice straw (RS) mixed with Strawzyme (an experimental preparation of cell-wall degrading enzymes) and wheat bran (WB). The WB was added at levels of 0, 3, 6 or 9% (fresh basis), respectively, and the RS was untreated (C-0, C-3, C-6 and C-9), or treated with Strawzyme at level of 1300 g/t DM (T-0, T-3, T-6 and T-9). Addition of WB improved the fermentation quality and nutritive value of RS silage. The pH value, percentage of ammonia N in total N and butyrate content were decreased, and lactate content and in vitro gas production (GP) increased with the increasing levels of WB. Enzyme treatment decreased the neutral detergent fibre, pH, ammonia-N and butyrate, and increased lactate and in vitro GP. There were significant interaction effects on pH, lactate and butyrate content between enzyme and WB. Therefore the silages in T-6 and T-9 showed good quality with lowest pH and highest lactate as well as no any butyrate. Proportion of ammonia N of total N was decreased by 37.9 or 15.5%, and the lactic acid was increased by 67.8 or 5.7%, respectively, when Strawzyme plus 6 or 9% WB was added. It can be concluded that combination of Strawzyme with WB was more effective in the improvement of RS silage quality than addition of WB alone.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 84699667, "title": "Effects of supplemental soybean oil and vitamin E on carcass quality and fatty acid profiles of meat in Huzhou lamb", "abstract": "Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental soybean oil (SBO) and vitamin E (VE) on carcass characteristics, serum metabolites, and fatty acid (FA) composition of longissimus muscle in Huzhou lambs. Totally, 24 male lambs were allocated to three dietary treatments: basal, 3% SBO, and 3% SBO plus 500 mg/kg VE supplemented diet (SOE). No differences were observed in carcass qualities among the three treatments. Contents of serum cholesterol, urea nitrogen, and non-esterified fatty acid increased, while glucose decreased significantly in SBO and SOE groups compared to control (P<0.05). The SBO and SOE diets increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids and cis 9 trans11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; P<0.05), but the ratio of n-6 to n-3 was not effected. It is concluded that supplementation of SBO could increase CLAs, but no further increase may be expected by additional supplementation of VE.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 94198174, "title": "Influence of Ca2+ on the performance of poly(acrylic acid)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) comb-like copolymers in cement suspensions", "abstract": "Poly(acrylic acid)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PAA-g-PEG) comb-like copolymer (PCE) is one of the best kind of superplasticizers for cement suspensions. But PCE can be considered as polyelectrolyte which is easily affected by the ions in cement suspensions. In cement system, calcium ions are the most abundant cations which would have great influence on the performance of polymer superplasticizer. Here, the effects of calcium ion on the surface charge, adsorption and dispersion in cement system with PCE as dispersant are investigated in detail. And the changes in the conformation of PCE before and after adding calcium ions are studied by methods of dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Calcium ions increase the zeta potential of cement particles and make the molecular chains of PCE curlier, which induces the changes in adsorption and dispersion behavior. The adding of calcium ions makes the ion bridging between calcium and PCE to take place and the ion bridging makes the PCE molecules shrink to smaller size. In this paper, it tells that the molecular structure of PCE polymer could be changed based on the conclusion to adapt the cement with different content of calcium. In cement suspensions, the effect of calcium ions on the performance of PCE polymer would be weakened by decreasing the content of carboxyl groups in the molecular chain.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 3646016, "title": "Effects of fermented soybean meal on digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broilers.", "abstract": "The experiment was performed to compare the effects of fermented soybean meal (fermented with Aspergillus oryzae 3.042, FSBM) and soybean meal on digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broilers. Three hundred twenty 1-d-old Ross x Ross male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 2 dietary treatments for a 6-wk feeding trial, including 0- to 21-d and 21- to 42-d periods. At the end of each stage, 8 broilers of each treatment were killed, and pancreas, small intestine digesta, and duodenum, jejunum, and ileum segments were collected for digestive enzymes and intestinal morphology evaluation. Results of the experiment showed that replacing soybean meal with FSBM in diet increased the activities of trypsin, lipase, and protease significantly in intestinal content of starter broilers (P<0.05) and enhanced the protease activity of grower broilers (P<0.05). Amylase activity was not affected in both feeding periods by the treatments. Compared with the control, broilers fed with FSBM had lower pancreatic trypsin activity (P<0.05) in the starter phase. There were no significant differences on lipase, amylase, and protease activity between the treatments in both growth phases. Increased villus height (P<0.05) and decreased crypt depth (P<0.05) of jejunum mucosa could be observed in the whole growth stage of broilers fed with FSBM. Also, duodenal villus height of starter chicks was also significantly increased (P<0.05).", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 135925628, "title": "Assessment of fiber distribution in steel fiber mortar using image analysis", "abstract": "A new test method was introduced to measure fiber distribution in steel fiber reinforced mortar by using image analysis technique. Through specimen preparation, image acquisition, fiber extraction, and measurement of related fiber parameters, quantitative analysis of fiber distribution could be obtained by two parameters, namely dispersion coefficient and orientation factor. Effect of boundaries, size and steel fiber content on fiber distribution was discussed. Results showed that, steel fiber distribution was affected by boundary effect, which would be weakened with the increase of specimen size. If the length and width remained constant, the specimen height had a significant effect on orientation factor of fiber, while its influence on dispersion coefficient was not so obvious. With the increase of steel fiber content, dispersion coefficient decreased slightly, and orientation factor deviated from 0.5.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 136741714, "title": "Effects of Different Flooding Frequencies on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization in Typical Floodplain Wetlands under Aerobic Conditions", "abstract": "Soil profiles from 0 to 80 cm depth were collected at five typical zones (including permanently flooded floodplain (B), 1-year floodplain (O), 5-year floodplain (F), 10-year floodplain (T), and 100-year floodplain (H)) which are divided by different flooding frequencies along the direction penperdicular to the river channel in different floodplain wetlands of Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China. A 14-day incubation experiment was carried out at 25\u00b0C in the dark to reveal the effects of different flooding frequencies on nitrogen mineralization rates. Our results showed that nitrogen mineralization rates showed an alternative tend of \u201cincreasing and decreasing\u201din the soil profiles at five sampling zones except the 1-year floodplain and permanent floodplain. The nitrogen mineralization rates were lower in permanently flooded floodplain soils compared to another four floodplain wetlands with different flooding frequencies. Additionally, nitrogen mineralization rates were significantly correlated with electrical conductivity, total soluble salt, pH values and salinity."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 135879859, "title": "Effects of Soil Moisture on Nitrogen Mineralization in a Typical 10-Year Floodplain Wetland", "abstract": "Soil profiles from 0 to 80 cm depth were collected and a 14-day incubation experiment at three soil moisture levels (initial moisture, water holding capacity, and flooding) was carried out at 25\u00b0C in the dark to reveal the effects of soil moisture on nitrogen mineralization rates in a 10-yr floodplain wetland. Our results showed that nitrogen mineralization rates decreased with depth along soil profiles and the maximal nitrogen mineralization rates appeared at the 10-20cm soil layer. The nitrogen mineralization rates were higher under flooding treatment compared to another two soil moisture treatments. Nitrogen mineralization rates in the top 20cm soils exhibited an increasing tendency with increasing soil moisture. Additionally, nitrogen mineralization rates were significantly correlated with electrical conductivity, total soluble salt, and salinity under three soil moisture treatments.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 13855563, "title": "The drug efficacy and adverse reactions in a mouse model of oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with oxaliplatin at different time points during a day", "abstract": "Background Recent studies have shown that the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in vivo exhibit circadian rhythm, and the efficacy and adverse reactions of platinum-based anticancer drugs administered at different times of the day vary significantly on colon cancer. However, since the circadian rhythms of growth and proliferation of various cancer cells often differ, the question of whether the administration of platinum anticancer drugs at different times of the day exerts significantly different efficacy and adverse effects on oral cancers remains to be elucidated. This study has compared the efficacy and adverse effects of oxaliplatin (L-OHP) administration at different times during a day on oral squamous cell carcinoma in mice and has analyzed cellular circadian rhythms. Methods The mouse model for oral squamous cell carcinoma was established in 75 nude mice, housed in a 12 hour light/12 hour dark cycle environment. The mice were randomly divided into five groups; four experimental groups were intravenously injected with L-OHP at four time points within a 24-hour period (4, 10, 16, and 22 hours after lights on [HALO]). The control group was intravenously injected with the same volume of saline. Treatment efficacy and adverse reactions were compared on the seventh day after the injection, at 22 HALO. The existence of circadian rhythms was determined by cosine analysis. Results Only injections of L-OHP at 16 and 22 HALO significantly prolonged animal survival time. The adverse reactions in mice injected with L-OHP at 16 and 22 HALO were significantly less than those observed in mice administered L-OHP at 4 and 10 HALO. The cosine fitting curve showed that the survival time and adverse reactions exhibited circadian rhythm. Conclusion The time factor should be considered when treating patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma with L-OHP in order to achieve better efficacy, reduce the adverse reactions, and improve the patients\u2019 survival time and quality of life.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 17528196, "title": "Predicted Infiltration for Sodic/Saline Soils from Reclaimed Coastal Areas: Sensitivity to Model Parameters", "abstract": "This study was conducted to assess the influences of soil surface conditions and initial soil water content on water movement in unsaturated sodic soils of reclaimed coastal areas. Data was collected from column experiments in which two soils from a Chinese coastal area reclaimed in 2007 (Soil A, saline) and 1960 (Soil B, nonsaline) were used, with bulk densities of 1.4 or 1.5\u2009g/cm3. A 1D-infiltration model was created using a finite difference method and its sensitivity to hydraulic related parameters was tested. The model well simulated the measured data. The results revealed that soil compaction notably affected the water retention of both soils. Model simulations showed that increasing the ponded water depth had little effect on the infiltration process, since the increases in cumulative infiltration and wetting front advancement rate were small. However, the wetting front advancement rate increased and the cumulative infiltration decreased to a greater extent when \u03b8 0 was increased. Soil physical quality was described better by the S parameter than by the saturated hydraulic conductivity since the latter was also affected by the physical chemical effects on clay swelling occurring in the presence of different levels of electrolytes in the soil solutions of the two soils.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 129032375, "title": "Rainfall intensity and slope gradient effects on sediment losses and splash from a saline\u2013sodic soil under coastal reclamation", "abstract": "Abstract Rainfall intensity and slope gradient play important roles in soil erosion processes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient, as well as of their interactions, on splash and overland flow transport on saline\u2013sodic soil slopes. Rainfall intensities of 85, 95, 110 and 125\u00a0mm\u00a0h\u2212\u00a01 were applied to slope gradients of 6\u00b0, 11\u00b0, 22\u00b0 and 35\u00b0. Splash was partitioned into four directional components. Runoff, sediment and splash samples were collected throughout the rainstorms and infiltration was calculated. The final infiltrations under the lower rainfall intensities of 85\u00a0mm\u00a0h\u2212\u00a01 were the largest for every slope gradient, but they decreased by 39.3% as the slope gradient increased from 6\u00b0 to 35\u00b0. However, the final infiltration rates exhibited an increasing\u2013decreasing trend for rainfall intensities higher than 85\u00a0mm\u00a0h\u2212\u00a01 as the slope gradient increased. The critical slope gradient was about 11\u00b0. The influence of rainfall intensity on runoff was considerably reduced at the higher slope gradients due to increased infiltration. The influence of slope gradient on sediment loss was reduced as rainfall intensity increased, while the effect of rainfall intensity on sediment losses was greater on the gentler slopes than on the steeper slopes. The upslope splash (mean value) initially increased from 4.8 to 7.2\u00a0g\u00a0m\u2212\u00a01\u00a0h\u2212\u00a01 before it decreased to 3\u00a0g\u00a0m\u2212\u00a01\u00a0h\u2212\u00a01 as the slope gradient increased. The maximum measured value occurred when the slope gradient was 22\u00b0. Total splash increased to maximum levels as the slope gradient increased to 11\u00b0, but decreased with further increases in gradient. These results indicated that the effects of slope gradient and rainfall intensity on sediment losses, runoff and splash were interconnected.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 94818737, "title": "AOT-microemulsions-based formation and evolution of PbWO4crystals", "abstract": "Anionic surfactant-AOT-microemulsions-assisted formation and evolution of PbWO4 nanostructures with bundles rodlike, ellipsoidlike, and spherelike prepared at different media conditions were studied by powder X-ray diffraction pattern, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The possible mechanisms for the formation of PbWO4 samples in series of microemulsion systems were discussed. Various comparison experiments show that several experimental parameters, such as the AOT concentration, the water content, and reaction temperature play important roles in the morphological control of PbWO4 nanostructures. Room-temperature photoluminescence of PbWO4 samples with different morphologies has also been investigated and the results reveal that all these samples showed similar features with emissions at 480 \u223c 510 nm but different luminescence intensity.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 19213171, "title": "The prevalence and adverse profiles of fatty liver disease among different ethnic public servants in Urumqi of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China.", "abstract": "BACKGROUND\nThe purpose of this survey was to confirm the prevalence and adverse profiles of fatty liver disease among different ethnic public servants in Urumqi of Xinjiang.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe cross-sectional study were implemented among serving and retired public servants who participated in the annual physical check-up including abdominal ultrasonography from April 2012 to April 2013 at the health promotion center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in Urumqi. The information including questionnaires, anthropometric indexes and biochemical profiles were collected to analyze.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThere were 46612 individuals ranging from 20 to 93 years of age included in the analysis. There were 39120 of Han, 4148 of Uygur, 877 of Kazakh, 2098 of Hui, and 369 of other ethnic groups. The prevalence of FLD in total, Han, Hui, Uygur, Kazakh and other ethnic group were 32.0%, 31.2%, 31.5%, 39.3%, 36.4% and 32.8%. Uygur was significantly higher than the other ethnic groups both male and female (P < 0.01) and male was higher than female regardless of ethnicity (P < 0.01). FLD co-exiting with DM, hypertension, obesity, overweight and dysliplidemia (especially for hypertriglyceridemia) were common and distribution of these diseases were significantly different among various ethnicity (P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that there were different in adverse factors including age, gender, DM, obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension of FLD among ethnicity and obesity having higher OR value in each ethnic group can be as predictive index of FLD.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe high prevalence of FLD is present among public servants in Urumqi of Xinjiang, China. The prevalence of FLD is significantly different in different ethnic groups and genders. Distributions of adverse factors are disparate in different ethnicity. Comprehensive strategies for the prevention and treatment of FLD should be explored basing on the ethnic differences.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 101862678, "title": "Diethyl pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl\u00adate", "abstract": "In the crystal structure of the title compound, C11H13NO4, the asymmetric unit contains only one half-mol\u00adecule; the molecule lies on a twofold rotation axis. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter\u00admolecular C\u2014H\u22efO and C\u2014H\u22efN hydrogen bonds, linking the mol\u00adecules along the b axis."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 82823870, "title": "Effects of Veratrum nigrum L. var. ussurience Nakai alkaloids on angiotensin II - induced hypertrophy of carcinomyocytes from neonatal rat.", "abstract": "[Objective] To investigate the effect of Veratrum nigrum L.Var.ussurience Nakai alkaloids(VnA) on the hypertrophy induced by using angiotensin \u2161(Ang \u2161) in the primary culture of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.[Methods] The cell protein content and the cell diameter were measured using BCA method and the micrometer,and the expressions of calcineurin(CaN) in the cardiomyocytes were determined using immunofluorescence analysis.[Results] VnA inhibited the increase of protein content,the cell diameter in the Ang\u2161-induced neonatal rat cellular hypertrophy in a dose-dependent manner.The increase of expression of CaN was also inhibited by using VnA.[Conclusion] The results suggest that the mechanism for VnA inhibiting the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes induced by Ang \u2161 be related to the inhibition of CaN expression.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 68928867, "title": "Protective effects of tea ployphenol injection on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.", "abstract": "[Objective] To observe the neuroprotective effect and therapeutic window of tea ployphenol(TP) injection on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.[Methods] The cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in mice was made by bilateral ligation of common carotid arteries for 10 minutes and reperfusion for 10 minutes,repeating for three times.Mices were arranged in 9 groups which were sham operation group,ischemia control group,nimodipine group,3 TP groups treated with different levels of dose(50,100,200 mg/kg,i.v.0h before the first ligation),3 TP groups treated with different administrated time(0 h before first ligation and 0 h,30 min after last reperfusion,i.v.100 mg/kg).The content of water in the cerebric tissues were measured and the changes of urtralstructure of BBB was observed under electron microscope(EM).[Results]\u2460The content of brain water in TP 50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg,0 h before first ligation and 0 h,30 min after last reperfusion groups(79.59\u00b10.45)%,(79.18\u00b10.45)%,(79.18\u00b10.45)%,(78.95\u00b10.79)%,(79.22\u00b10.89)% were less than that in ischemia control group(80.21\u00b10.40%),P0.01.\u2461 The observation under electron microscope demonstrated that the severity of ischemic damage in TP groups was lighter than that in ischemic control group.[Conclusions]The result indicated the neuroprotective effect of TP injection on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 19737992, "title": "Anti-inflammatory Activity of Salvianic acid A through the Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-kappaB Activation in Peritoneal Macrophage", "abstract": "In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory properties of Salvianic acid A (SAA) in peritoneal macrophage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SAA inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-induced peritoneal macrophages and blocked protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). In addition, the LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation was suppressed by SAA treatment.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 40355888, "title": "Amelioration effects of berberine on diabetic microendothelial injury model by the combination of high glucose and advanced glycation end products in vitro.", "abstract": "Microvascular complications are much earlier and common in diabetes. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), together with high glucose, play a key role in the endothelial dysfunction of diabetic vascular complications. So it is of more significance to expedite the therapies to block the formation and/or the effects of AGEs. Berberine has been showed to have anti-diabetic effects, however the effects on diabetic complications were less explored, especially the effects on the microvascular complications and the formation and pathways of AGEs which have not been reported. Therefore, the present study established an in vitro model of diabetic microendothelial (microEC) injury by the combination of high glucose and AGEs to mimic the clinical situations and examine the effects and mechanisms of berberine on high glucose-AGEs-induced microEC injuries and on the formation of AGEs. We prepared AGEs, established the high glucose-AGEs injured microEC models by MTT assay, which was further supported by significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) release, NO synthase (NOS) and thrombomodulin production with ELISA, western blot and RT-PCR analysis. Berberine treatments showed significant improvements as indicated by significantly increased NO release, NOS and thrombomodulin production. Moreover, we also observed significant inhibition effects of berberine on AGEs formation. We concluded that the in vitro model of diabetic microEC injury could be established by the combination treatments of high glucose and AGEs, while berberine could improve the diabetic microvascular injury in vitro and inhibit the formation of AGEs, suggesting the potential clinical therapies with berberine for diabetes and its vascular complications.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 496155, "title": "Protective effect of \u03b1-lipoic acid on oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury.", "abstract": "The present study investigated the effect and possible mechanisms of \u03b1-lipoic acid (LA) in preventing endothelial cell injury induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). A model of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury was established by incubating the HUVECs with 200 \u03bcg/ml oxLDL. HUVECs were pre-treated with 0.1, 0.2 or 0.5 mmol/l of LA in the presence of oxLDL for 24 h. Apoptosis and cellular surface ceramide content were investigated separately by flow cytometry and by LC-MS/MS. LOX-1, Bcl-2 and CRP protein expression levels were evaluated by western blotting. LOX-1 mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR assay. The results showed that oxLDL induced cytotoxicity in both concentration-dependent and time-dependent manners. LA boosted the cell survival rate and significantly reduced the content of MDA and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Apoptotic rates were significantly reduced by the addition of LA compared to oxLDL group. LA might also have inhibited ceramide generation induced by oxLDL in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, LA down-regulated LOX-1 protein and mRNA expression and up-regulated Bcl-2 protein expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of CRP protein was weak and undetectable. These results suggested that LA exhibited cytoprotective effects against oxLDL by decreasing apoptotic rates and decreasing cellular surface ceramide content, two effects that are related to decreased LOX-1 expression, and also by stimulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein. The cytoprotective effects are not thought to be due to inhibited C-reactive protein (CRP) protein expression in HUVECs.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 35868834, "title": "Single crystal tin nano-rod arrays electrodeposited by a soft template.", "abstract": "Single crystal tin nano-rod arrays were fabricated by the electrodeposition method when amphiphilic triblock copolymer P123 was used as a soft template at a concentration much lower than that for forming a liquid crystalline phase.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 92714153, "title": "Molecular structure and spectral characteristics of bis(S-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)methylendithiocarbazato)nickel(II), (Ni(NNS)2)", "abstract": "A nickel(II) complex of the pyridine-2-aldehyde Schiff base of S-methyldithiocarbazate (HNNS) has been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectra. The crystal structure of the complex has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic, space P21/c, with a = 14.092(2), b = 16.886(2), c = 8.857(2)\u00c5; \u03b2 = 105.78(3) \u00b0, V = 2028.2(6) \u00c53, and Z = 4. The nickel atom is octahedrally coordinated by two uninegatively charged tridentate Schiff base in a mer-configuration via the pyridine nitrogen atom, azomethine nitrogen atom, and mecaptide sulfur atom.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 98139464, "title": "Dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of La-substituted BiFeO3\u2013BaTiO3 ceramics", "abstract": "Abstract (Bi 1\u2212 x La x )FeO 3 \u2013BaTiO 3 (BL x F\u2013BT) polycrystalline ceramics were prepared by the mixed oxide route and the effect of La substitution on the microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics was investigated. The main crystal structure of the ceramics is a perovskite structure with weak secondary phase. The addition of small amount of La 2 O 3 was quite effective to improve the remanent polarization P r and low coercive field E c . Because of the relative lower E c , larger P r and good densification, the piezoelectric properties of the ceramics are evidently enhanced at x =0.02: d 33 =168\u00a0pC/N, k p =0.335. An obvious relaxor characteristics was observed with increasing La 2 O 3 content.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 138603308, "title": "Realignment of slanted Fe nanorods on silicon substrates by a strong magnetic field", "abstract": "Slanted Fe nanorods prepared by glancing angle deposition on silicon substrates exhibited easy magnetization along their growth axis. By using a thin gold film on a silicon substrate as a buffer layer, slanted Fe nanorods can be realigned towards the substrate surface normal by a strong magnetic field. After realignment, the Fe nanorods retained the easy magnetization axis along their growth axis. The effects of the realignment by the strong magnetic field on the properties of the slanted Fe nanorods were also investigated. This study provides a possible way to fabricate magnetic nanostructures for perpendicular recording applications.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 122536653, "title": "Fractal Theory and Contact Dynamics Modeling Vibration Characteristics of Damping Blade", "abstract": "The contact surface structure of dry friction damper is complicate, irregular, and self-similar. In this paper, contact surface structure is described with the fractal theory and damping blade is simplified as 2-DOF cantilever beam model with lumped masses. By changing the position of the damper, lacing and shroud structure are separately simulated to study vibration absorption effect of damping blade. The results show that both shroud structure and lacing could not only dissipate energy but also change stiffness of blade. Under the same condition of normal pressure and contact surface, the damping effect of lacing is stronger than that of shroud structure. Meanwhile, the effect on changing blade stiffness of shroud structure is stronger than that of lacing. This paper proposed that there is at least one position of the blade, at which the damper dissipates the most vibration energy during a vibration cycle.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 38849153, "title": "A nonlinear smoother for target tracking in asynchronous wireless sensor networks", "abstract": "Generally, multiple sensors are deployed to track a target synchronously in wireless sensor networks. However, asynchronous measurements exist intrinsically in multi-rate multi-sensor systems. Asynchronous measurements may also emerge in acoustic sensor networks, owing to the low propagation speed of acoustic signals. In order to handle the target tracking problem with asynchronous measurements, a nonlinear smoothing algorithm based on the fixed-point smoother and the square-root cubature Kalman filter is derived and applied in asynchronous wireless sensor networks for the first time. The estimation precision of the states increases along with the smoothing process, and a sensor can always obtain the optimal estimate of a state before its own next measurement by using the proposed algorithm. The numerical simulations demonstrate that, thanks to the smoothing effect of the fixed-point smoother, the proposed algorithm can obtain not only the remarkable position estimation results of the target, but also even better velocity estimation results. In addition, the proposed algorithm can obtain much more states' estimates than benchmark synchronous target-tracking algorithms, under the same condition of measurement count and communication cost."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 2586418, "title": "Overexpressions of CK2\u03b2 and XIAP are Associated with Poor Prognosis of Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma", "abstract": "To investigate the expressions of casein kinase II \u03b2(CK2\u03b2) and X-Linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and evaluated their correlations with major clinicopathologic features and patients\u2019 survival. Fifty CCA specimens and 20 normal liver tissues were included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression levels of CK2\u03b2, XIAP in normal and CCA tissues. The relationships of CK2\u03b2 and XIAP expressions with clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcome were evaluated. High immunostaining of CK2\u03b2 and XIAP were observed in 66\u00a0% (33/50) and 68\u00a0% (34/50) of CCA tissues, which were significantly higher than that of normal liver tissues 0\u00a0% (0/20) and 25\u00a0% (5/20). The high expression of CK2\u03b2 was significantly associated with TNM stage (P\u2009=\u20090.036), histological grade (P\u2009=\u20090.020) and high serum CEA level(P\u2009=\u20090.010), while high expression of XIAP was only associated with TNM stage(P\u2009=\u20090.014) and high serum CEA level(P\u2009=\u20090.001). By univariant analysis, patients with high expression of CK2\u03b2 and XIAP demonstrate significantly poorer overall survival (P\u2009=\u20090.003 vs P\u2009=\u20090.018). Cox regression model showed that positive expression of CK2\u03b2is an independent factor of prognosis (P\u2009=\u20090.004). The expressions of CK2\u03b2 and XIAP in CCA tissues showed strong correlations with the tumor progression, CK2\u03b2 may be applied as a potential prognostic marker for CCA.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 145147008, "title": "A dispositional approach to psychological climate: Relationships between interpersonal harmony motives and psychological climate for communication safety", "abstract": "This study examined the dispositional antecedents of a climate at the individual level, psychological climate for communication safety. The impact of two interpersonal harmony motives, harmony enhancement and disintegration avoidance, on psychological climate for communication safety, innovative performance and the moderated mediated processes associated with job autonomy were examined in a survey study in China. Results showed that harmony enhancement was positively related to innovative performance through psychological climate for communication safety. Moreover, job autonomy moderated the relationship between harmony motives and psychological climate for communication safety. Harmony enhancement was more strongly associated with psychological climate for communication safety when job autonomy was low. The relationship between disintegration avoidance and psychological climate for communication safety was positive when job autonomy was high, but negative when job autonomy was low. Conditional indirect effects consistent with these interaction effects were also found.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 111318633, "title": "Synthesis of extreme sparse array for real-time 3D acoustic imaging", "abstract": "An optimised synthesis method for designing an extreme sparse array with the minimum set of elements is proposed. The method is based on a cross-array configuration and a multi-frequency beamforming algorithm. The experimental results show that the extreme sparse array achieves a 98.9% element thinning compared with the fully sampled planar array and the generated beam pattern satisfies the presupposed constraints. This is much better than the results obtained in the previous literature.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 24195781, "title": "Chemoprevention by lipid-soluble tea polyphenols in diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital-induced hepatic pre-cancerous lesions.", "abstract": "BACKGROUND\nGreen tea polyphenols (GTPs) have been proposed as promising candidates for chemoprevention. However, GTPs levels are maintained relatively low in the blood and are chemically-unstable. Lipid-soluble tea polyphenols (LTPs) are products of modified GTPs with ester linkage with fatty acids. LTPs are lipophilic and expected to provide improved absorption and utilization in the body compared with water-soluble polyphenols. The current study was designed to investigate the chemo-preventive property and the possible mechanisms of LTP action against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer in rats.\n\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\nOral administration of LTPs at doses of 0, 40, and 400 mg/kg/day was initiated 2 weeks prior to DEN injection and was continued for 30 weeks. At that time point samples were collected and liver histopathological analyses were performed.\n\n\nRESULTS\nLTPs decreased the area and number of placental glutathione S-transferase-positive foci in liver samples of DEN-treated rats. Furthermore, LTPs counteracted DEN-induced fibrosis formation in liver. Immunohistochemical staining of rat liver showed that LTPs inhibited DEN-mediated elevations in numbers of cells positive for PCNA and 8-OHdG.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nFor the first time, the present study demonstrated, that LTPs exert a chemo-preventive effect against precancerous lesions through inhibition of cellular proliferation and DNA damage in a rat liver model.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 145284594, "title": "Developing and Evaluating the Social Axioms Survey in Eleven Countries: Its Relationship With the Five-Factor Model of Personality", "abstract": "Based on a deductive, culturally decentered approach, new items were generated to improve the reliability of the original Social Axioms Survey, which measures individuals' general beliefs about the world. In Study 1, results from 11 countries support the original five-factor structure and achieve higher reliability for the axiom dimensions as measured by the new scale. Moreover, moderate but meaningful associations between axiom and Big-Five personality dimensions were found. Temporal change of social axioms at the culture level was examined and found to be moderate. In Study 2, additional new items were generated for social complexity and fate control, then assessed in Hong Kong and the United States. Reliability was further improved for both dimensions. Additionally, two subfactors of fate control were identified: fate determinism and fate alterability. Fate determinism, but not fate alterability, related positively to neuroticism. Other relationships between axiom and personality dimensions were similar to those reported in Study 1. The short forms of the axiom dimensions were generally reliable and correlated highly with the long forms. This research thus provides a stronger foundation for applying the construct of social axioms around the world.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 1860693, "title": "Tracking Coverage throughout Epochs with Bounded Uncertainty", "abstract": "This work addresses the problem of managing the sensor-coverage and organizing the epochs in a manner that balances the trades-offs between the accuracy and energy consumptions during target tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). While the typical target tracking approaches are based on movement prediction, we only assume a knowledge of some maximal speed of the target during certain time-intervals. This, in turn, restricts its whereabouts to a disk-bound area throughout such intervals. In such settings, we seek to determine a sensor cover, a subset of all the nodes that need to be awake, which ensures that the target can be detected during the given epoch. Towards this, we propose sensor-cover selection methodologies, Greedy Uncertain Moving Object coverage sensor set selection (GUMO) and PAttern Based coverage sensor set selection (PAB). GUMO is a heuristic maximizing the coverage gain at each step, while PAB is an approach based on optimal deployment pattern of sensor nodes achieving coverage of the disk area bounding the target's whereabouts. We conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of the algorithms, and the results reveal that GUMO and PAB not only provide substantial energy saving due to reduction in the communications involved in selecting tracking participant-nodes and principal(s), while assuring a bounded error on the target's location.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 18524092, "title": "Sensor synchronization for energy efficient multiple object tracking", "abstract": "This work addresses the problem of synchronizing the sensors involved in the task of multiple object tracking (MOT) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). We aim at reducing the overall in-network energy consumption along with bounding the uncertainty regarding targets' locations in WSN. Designing energy efficient scheduling mechanism is a challenge in WSN tracking scenarios due to the limitations on target's movement prediction, and lack of global network knowledge. The main observation of this work is that task conflicts and channel congestion preclude the utilization of the nodes shared by common tracking tasks, which may result in poor Quality of Tracking (QoT) and/or increasing target ambiguity. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a lightweight sensor scheduling policy - Synchronization based Sampling Reduction (SSR), which explicitly prunes the redundant measurements in the conflicting nodes without decreasing QoT, through synchronizing the tracking tasks. In addition to conserving the energy by reducing the samplings, SSR also is capable of mitigating the data associating problem in MOT, without requiring any global knowledge about the network. Our experiments demonstrate that SSR can significantly reduce the number of locations sampling, when compared to nai\u0308ve approach that does not coordinate the nodes involved in multiple object tracking.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 15681213, "title": "Deflection-Aware Tracking-Principal Selection in Active Wireless Sensor Networks", "abstract": "This paper addresses the problem of energy efficiency balanced with tracking accuracy in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, we focus on the issues related to selecting tracking principals, i.e., the nodes with two special tasks: 1) coordinating the activities among the sensors that are detecting the tracked object's locations in time and 2) selecting a node to which the tasks of coordination and data fusion will be handed off when the tracked object exits the sensing area of the current principal. Extending the existing results that based the respective principal selection algorithms on the assumption that the target's trajectory is approximated with straight line segments, we consider more general settings of (possibly) continuous changes of the direction of the moving target. We developed an approach based on particle filters to estimate the target's angular deflection at the time of a handoff, and we considered the tradeoffs between the expensive in-node computations incurred by the particle filters and the imprecision tolerance when selecting subsequent tracking principals. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach yields significant savings in the number of handoffs and the number of unsuccessful transfers in comparison with previous approaches.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 28112264, "title": "Robust and accurate monocular visual navigation combining IMU for a quadrotor", "abstract": "In this paper, we present a multi-sensor fusion based monocular visual navigation system for a quadrotor with limited payload, power and computational resources. Our system is equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a sonar and a monocular down-looking camera. It is able to work well in GPS-denied and markerless environments. Different from most of the keyframe-based visual navigation systems, our system uses the information from both keyframes and keypoints in each frame. The GPU-based speeded up robust feature (SURF) is employed for feature detection and feature matching. Based on the flight characteristics of quadrotor, we propose a refined preliminary motion estimation algorithm combining IMU data. A multi-level judgment rule is then presented which is beneficial to hovering conditions and reduces the error accumulation effectively. By using the sonar sensor, the metric scale estimation problem has been solved. We also present the novel IMU+3P (IMU with three point correspondences) algorithm for accurate pose estimation. This algorithm transforms the 6-DOF pose estimation problem into a 4-DOF problem and can obtain more accurate results with less computation time. We perform the experiments of monocular visual navigation system in real indoor and outdoor environments. The results demonstrate that the monocular visual navigation system performing in real-time has robust and accurate navigation results of the quadrotor.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 16745506, "title": "Tracking moving object via unscented particle filter in sensor network", "abstract": "Moving object tracking is one of the typical applications in wireless sensor network (WSN). As a result, a lot of important solutions have been proposed in the last decade, toward addressing different aspects of object tracking in WSN settings. This work describes an Unscented particle filter (UPF) based Moving Object Tracking algorithm, UMOT, in WSN settings, where the sensor nodes are clustered dynamically to provide sensing and data fusion tasks. The key idea of UPF is to capture accurately the posterior mean and covariance of non-linear Gaussian variable up to the second order, through propagating a set of sample points in the state system. It has been demonstrated that UPF addresses the deficiency of using transition prior as the proposal distribution, which results in biased posterior estimation due to excluding the recent observations. We present the design and implementation of UMOT, together with comprehensive simulations, conducted to evaluate the proposed methods. The simulation results show that UMOT achieves significant improvement over existing schemes in various network settings.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 56031120, "title": "Crystal growth of a high-Tc SmBCO superconductor in 1 atm oxygen pressure", "abstract": "Sm1+x Ba2\u2212x Cu3Oz (SmBCOss) single crystals with Tc = 95 K and a sharp transition were grown by top-seeded solution growth in 1 atm oxygen pressure. Compositional analysis by the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique and Tc measurement with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) indicate that a nearly stoichiometric SmBCO phase with a high Tc value can be reached in a rather wide range of liquid compositions and oxygen partial pressures. Specific features of the SmBCO system phase diagram were elucidated that explain why the SmBCO single crystals grow more easily than YBa2Cu3Oz (YBCO) o rN d 1+x Ba2\u2212x Cu3Oz (NdBCO) ones. The surface morphology of nanostripes was investigated by atomic forc em icroscopy (AFM). The nanostripes were thought to act as an effective pinning medium, due to the comparable scale with the vortex core. Furthermore, two SmBCO samples with typical Tc values were analysed by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the composition fluctuations along their stripes were studied."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 121552993, "title": "Crystal growth and phase relation of Sm1+xBa2-xCu3Oz", "abstract": "Abstract Using the top-seeded solution-growth method, Sm 1+ x Ba 2\u2212 x Cu 3 O z (SmBCOss) single crystals and thick films were grown in different solvents. Inductively coupled plasma compositional analysis was performed to both Ba\u2013Cu\u2013O solvents and SmBCOss solid solutions. The results indicate that a nearly stoichiometric SmBa 2 Cu 3 O z phase with high critical transition temperature value, is controllable in a wide range of the thermodynamic parameters. The phase relation of the Sm\u2013Ba\u2013Cu\u2013O system was discussed in comparison with other RE\u2013Ba\u2013Cu\u2013O systems (RE=Y and Nd).", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 117951699, "title": "Effect of Pr doping on the growth and superconducting properties of (Y1\u2212xPrx)Ba2Cu3O7\u2212\u03b4", "abstract": "(Y1\u2212xPrx)Ba2Cu3O7\u2212\u03b4 (Pr-YBCO, x<0.2) single crystals and single domain bulks were grown by the top-seeded solution-growth (TSSG) and the top-seeding melt-textured growth (TSMTG) methods, respectively. The superconducting critical temperature (Tc) was determined by magnetic measurements and the critical current density (Jc) was estimated by applying the modified Bean model. For a low-level substitution (x<0.025), an increase in the Jc value as compared with that for unsubstituted YBCO was found while no apparent change in the Tc value was noticed. On the other hand, Pr substitution in YBCO leads to: (i) increasing liquid solubility of the total rare earth element in the Ba\u2013Cu\u2013O solution, (ii) increasing peritectic temperature (Tp), and (iii) a decrease in the liquidus slope near the Tp. As a result, the driving force for YBCO growth and the region of single grain growth are enhanced. Study of the compositional correlation between liquid and solid additionally indicates that the Pr distribution coefficient is larger than 1 in the Pr-YBCO system. Thus the Pr content and then the Tp value of Pr-YBCO in the bulk reduce with the growth time during TSMTG. The lower Tp value in the final crystallized part is beneficial to a slow cooling process. Using the TSMTG method, Pr-YBCO (x = 0.02) monodomains up to 42 mm in diameter were grown with a high growth rate.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 101614626, "title": "Growth and characterization of ZnO single crystals with hydrous KOH melt method", "abstract": "Transparent,brown-green and brown wurtzite zinc oxide (ZnO) single crystals were grown in silver,nickel and iron crucibles separately by the spontaneous nucleation method using hydrous KOH melt as flux.The analysis results of X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry indicate that the color of the crystals is related to the impurities contained in them that come from the crucibles.In addition,photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry was also employed to characterize the crystals.The results exhibite that the ZnO crystals grown from the silver crucible have high quality,and its PL spectrum excitated by wavelength of 325 nm at room temperature displays the strong ultraviolet emission at 381 nm from the band edge.On this basis,a large ZnO crystal 3 mm in diameter and 34 mm long was grown in a 200 mL silver crucible.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 54956289, "title": "Phase evolution and room-temperature photoluminescence in amorphous SiC alloy", "abstract": "Amorphous SiC thin films with varying phases and compositions have been synthesized using a low frequency inductively coupled high density plasma source in a hydrogen diluted methane (CH4) and silane (SiH4) mixture. The optical and electrical properties along with the microstructures of the thin films are systematically investigated. The feedstock gas ratio of CH4/SiH4 leads to the fluctuations of the optical bandgap, the carbon content, and the transition of Si\u2013Si bonding structure from crystalline to intermediate phase and finally to amorphous phase. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) with nearly fixed emission energy has been observed in the thin films. The underlying PL mechanism is explained in the framework of quantum confinement-luminescence center model. The photoexcitation process occurs in the nc-Si quantum dots embedded in the host SiC matrix, whereas the photoemission process occurs in the luminescence centers in the surrounding SiC or at SiC-Si interfaces. The PL evolution with the chemi...", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 124324015, "title": "EFFECTS OF Sc SUBSTITUTING Y IN YBa2Cu3O7-\u03b4 ON THE FLUX PINNING PROPERTIES", "abstract": "The effects of Sc in high Tc superconductors are seldom discussed due to the difficulty of Sc embedding into the unit cell. Single phase of Y1-xScxBa2Cu3O7-\u03b4 (YSBCO) is obtained with x<0.15. The critical current (Jc) varies with the content of Sc in an oscillating way, which has showed two maximum values at x=0.03 and x=0.10, individually. We here discussed the effect of Sc doping on Jc.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 123502301, "title": "Nanocrystalline silicon embedded in silicon suboxide synthesized in high-density inductively coupled plasma", "abstract": "A two-phase material system of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) embedded in a dielectric matrix of silicon suboxide (SiO x ) is fundamentally and technologically significant for the photonic and photovoltaic device such as light emission diode and solar cells. nc-Si in amorphous SiO x has been synthesized by means of the low-frequency (460 kHz) inductively coupled plasma (LFICP) of SiH4 + CO2 + H2 without the common route of high hydrogen dilution. The chemical composition, microstructures and optical properties of the complex material system are tuned by the reactive gas flow rate ratio of CO2/SiH4. nc-Si embedded in amorphous SiO x due to the phase separation are observed by means of SEM and TEM characterization tools. The crystalline volume fraction in nc-SiO x :H is determined by the density of the embedded nc-Si particles and the occurrence of the a-SiO x encapsulating shell layer. The bond configuration analysis shows the concurrent oxygenation and dehydrogenation process with the incorporation of oxygen. The underlying mechanism in forming the two-phase complex material system and the phase evolution with the reactive gas flow rate ratio are discussed in terms of the unique features of the utilized high-density LFICP.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 98414810, "title": "Thermal and structural properties of high-energy electron irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer blends", "abstract": "Abstract Thermal and structural properties of high-energy electron irradiated ferroelectric blends by poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) 56/44 and 80/20\u00a0mol% copolymers have been investigated by thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction measurements. The temperature peaks observed in TSDC spectra of the blends decrease with the irradiation dose, associating phase transitional characters of the parent copolymers. And their distribution shows the existence of two types of crystallite, which become more clear after irradiation, demonstrating that the miscibility in the crystalline region for their large compositional discrepancy (24\u00a0mol% in their VF 2 contents) in the blend. In DSC thermograms, it is found that the Curie temperature and melting temperature decrease with the dose. The ferroelectric-to-paraelectric (F\u2013P) transition temperatures and enthalpies in the blends merge into one with the increasing of dose, which indicates a strong lattice coupling. X-ray diffraction shows some degree of mixing inside a crystal lattice due to significant changes in the F\u2013P phase transition behavior from all-trans to trans-gauche conformation in nanometer range after irradiation.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 44310069, "title": "Benzo(a)pyrene-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in p53-null Hep3B cells.", "abstract": "Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) has been shown to induce apoptosis and necrosis in various cell types. However, the effect of BaP on mitochondria function and p73, and their possible roles in BaP-induced cell death have not been well studied. This study focused on mitochondria-mediated cell death and the occurrence of p73 protein accumulation in BaP-treated human hepatoma Hep3B (p53-null) cells. We found that BaP (8, 16, 32 and 64\u03bcM) induced early necrosis at 12h and delayed apoptosis at 24h. BaP dramatically induced ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and led to significant increase in oxidative stress at early time points (6 and 12h). Necrotic cell death was concurrent with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decrease in the ATP level and activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase. However, these changes were reversed in the process of apoptosis. In addition, after BaP treatment, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Bax were activated during apoptosis and no change in p73 protein level was observed. These results revealed that the cells with mitochondria dysfunction and ATP depletion underwent necrosis at early time point and apoptosis afterward when they recovered from mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion. Activation of JNK and Bax possibly contributed to BaP-induced apoptosis."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 1197325, "title": "MAD1L1 Arg558His and MAD2L1 Leu84Met interaction with smoking increase the risk of colorectal cancer", "abstract": "The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) has been established as an important mechanism of driving aneuploidy, which occurs at a high frequency in the colorectal tumorigenesis. Two important components of SAC are MAD1L1 and MAD2L1, which function together in an interactive manner to initiate the checkpoint signal. We hypothesize that genetic variants in the binding domains of MAD1L1 and MAD2L1 may modulate protein structures and eventually contribute to CRC susceptibility. A case-control study including 710 CRC cases and 735 controls was performed to examine MAD1L1 Arg558His and MAD2L1 Leu84Met\u2019s conferring susceptibility to CRC. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assays were applied to assess the effect of two functional variants on chromosomal instability (CIN). Significant associations with CRC risk were observed for MAD1L1 Arg558His (OR\u2009=\u20091.38,95% CI: 1.09\u20131.75) and MAD2L1 Leu84Met in a dominant model (OR\u2009=\u20091.48,95% CI: 1.09\u20132.01). Moreover, significant multiplicative gene-smoking interactions were found in MAD1L1 Arg558His (P\u2009=\u20090.019) and MAD2L184 Leu/Met (P\u2009=\u20090.016) to enhance CRC risk. Additionally, the frequencies of lymphocytic micro-nucleated binucleated cells for MAD1L1 Arg558His polymorphism were significantly different in the exposed group (P\u2009=\u20090.013), but not in the control group. The study emphasized that MAD1L1 Arg558His and MAD2L1 Leu84Met can significantly interact with smoking to enhance CRC risk, and the genetic effects of MAD1L1Arg558His on CIN need to be further clarified in follow-up studies.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 23627418, "title": "c-Abl regulates proteasome abundance by controlling the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of PSMA7 subunit.", "abstract": "The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a vital proteolytic pathway required for cell homeostasis. However, the turnover mechanism of the proteasome subunit itself is still not understood. Here, we show that the 20S proteasome subunit PSMA7 is subjected to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which was suppressed by PSMA7 phosphorylation at Y106 mediated by the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases c-Abl/Arg. BRCA1 specifically functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of PSMA7 ubiquitination. c-Abl/Arg regulates cellular proteasome abundance by controlling the PSMA7 subunit supply. Downregulated PSMA7 level results in decreased proteasome abundance in c-Abl/Arg RNAi-knockdown or c-abl/arg-deficient cells, which demonstrated an increased sensitivity to proteasome inhibition. In response to oxidative stress, the c-Abl-mediated upregulation of proteasome level compensates for the proteasomal activity impairment induced by reactive oxygen species. Abl-kinases-regulated biogenesis and homeostasis of proteasome complexes may be important for understanding related diseases and pathological states.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 1628604, "title": "Hypophosphatemia during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration is associated with mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury", "abstract": "IntroductionThe primary aim of this study was to determine whether hypophosphatemia during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) is associated with the global outcome of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods760 patients diagnosed with AKI and had received CVVH therapy were retrospectively recruited. Death during the 28-day period and survival at 28 days after initiation of CVVH were used as endpoints. Demographic and clinical data including serum phosphorus levels were recorded along with clinical outcome. Hypophosphatemia was defined according to the colorimetric method as serum phosphorus levels < 0.81 mmol/L (2.5 mg/dL), and severe hypophosphatemia was defined as serum phosphorus levels < 0.32 mmol/L (1 mg/dL). The ratio of CVVH therapy days with hypophosphatemia over total CVVH therapy days was calculated to reflect the persistence of hypophosphatemia.ResultsThe Cox proportional hazard survival model analysis indicated that the incidence of hypophosphatemia or even severe hypophosphatemia was not associated with 28-day mortality independently (p = 0.700). Further analysis with the sub-cohort of patients who had developed hypophosphatemia during the CVVH therapy period indicated that the mean ratio of CVVH therapy days with hypophosphatemia over total CVVH therapy days was 0.58, and the ratio independently associated with the global outcome. Compared with the patients with low ratio (< 0.58), those with high ratio (\u2265 0.58) conferred a 1.451-fold increase in 28-day mortality rate (95% CI 1.103\u20131.910, p = 0.008).ConclusionsHypophosphatemia during CVVH associated with the global clinical outcome of critically ill patients with AKI. The ratio of CVVH therapy days with hypophosphatemia over total CVVH therapy days was independently associated with the 28-day mortality, and high ratio conferred higher mortality rate.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 45165310, "title": "Rapid detection of ermB gene in Clostridium difficile by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.", "abstract": "Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance in Clostridium difficile is mostly due to the ermB resistance determinant. Here, we describe a sensitive and rapid molecular method to detect ermB in C. difficile to contribute to the wider epidemiological study. Five sets of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primers were designed and optimized for rapid detection of ermB. The specificity and sensitivity of the primers for ermB were detected, and the ermB LAMP assay was compared to conventional PCR with 80 clinical isolates of C. difficile. Real-time monitoring of turbidity and chromogenic reaction were used to determine negative and positive results. A total of 26 pathogenic bacterial strains of different species were found to be negative for ermB, which indicated the high specificity of the primers. ermB was detected in 78.8\u2009% (63/80) of the clinical isolates by both LAMP and conventional PCR. The detection limit of LAMP was 36.1 \u200apg DNA \u03bcl-\u20091 and its sensitivity was 10-fold greater than that of conventional PCR. This study is the first report regarding the development and application of the LAMP assay for detection of the ermB gene in C. difficile strains. The developed LAMP method is sensitive, specific and provides a user-friendly visual approach for the rapid detection of ermB-bearing C. difficile.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 13077523, "title": "Research on the simulation model of network attacks", "abstract": "By analysis of the network attacks, three stages structure model and immunity parameters of network attacks are modeled, the evaluation tactic of immunity attacks are proposed, and the network attacks model based on immunity is proposed based on these. The design of network attacks' simulation system is also given, so that the simulation research of network attacks can be done by using the system.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 24147021, "title": "Role of Gab1 in UV-induced c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and cell apoptosis.", "abstract": "Exposure of mammalian cells to UV irradiation leads to activation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway, which is associated with cell apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanism for JNK activation by UV exposure is not fully understood. We show here an essential role of a multisubstrate adapter, Gab1, in this signaling cascade. Gab1-deficient mouse fibroblast cells were defective in induction of JNK activity by UV exposure or heat shock, and this defect was rescued by reintroduction of Gab1 into Gab1(-/-) cells. Consistently, Gab1(-/-) cells displayed reduced caspase 3 induction and apoptotic cell death in response to UV irradiation. Gab1 was constitutively complexed with JNK and became tyrosine phosphorylated in UV-irradiated cells. Genetic and pharmaceutical analyses suggest the involvement of c-Met and the Src family tyrosine kinases in mediating UV-induced Gab1 phosphorylation as well as JNK activation. In aggregate, these observations identify a new function of Gab1 in the response of mammalian cells to UV light.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 7094160, "title": "MiR-661 contributed to cell proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells by repressing INPP5J expression.", "abstract": "Accumulating evidence has emerged important roles for microRNAs (miRNAs) participating in oncogenesis and growth of various cancers. We hypothesized that miR-661 played an important role in cell growth of ovarian cancer. Here, we found miR-661 was upregulated in human ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical tumor tissues. Our results revealed that miR-661 directly targeted INPP5J, thereby acting as tumor promoter in ovarian cancer cells by blocking cell proliferation. Importantly, we identified miR-661 as a positive regulator of INPP5J-induced AKT pathway. Taken together, our study sheds light onto the role of miR-661 as tumor promoter by targeting the INPP5J gene, and then promoting cell proliferation of ovarian cancer.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 41919263, "title": "Elemene induces apoptosis and regulates expression of bcl-2 protein in human leukemia K562 cells.", "abstract": "AIM\nTo study the antitumor action of elemene (Ele) and its mechanism.\n\n\nMETHODS\nInhibition of proliferation was measured with a colorimetric 3-[4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Morphological assessment of apoptosis was performed with fluorescence microscope. DNA fragmentation was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The levels of bcl-2 protein was measured with flow cytometry.\n\n\nRESULTS\nExposure of exponentially growing K562 cells to Ele 65-520 mumol. L-1 for 48 h resulted in growth arrest. The values of IC50 and 95% confidence limits were 220 (152-319) mumol.L-1. After treatment of K562 cells with Ele 130 mumol.L-1, marked morphological changes including \"Apo bodies\" reduction in volume were observed with fluorescence microscope. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from cells treated with Ele for 48 h revealed \"ladder\" pattern. The levels of bcl-2 protein in K562 cells treated with Ele for 48 h were obviously decreased.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nEle induces apoptosis of K562 cells, which is related with the down-regulation of bcl-2 protein in K562 cells.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 7309504, "title": "In Vitro Immunological Effects of Blocking CCR5 on T Cells", "abstract": "Blockade of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) by maraviroc may induce immunological changes independent of its antiviral effects and may have immunoregulation properties. This study was designed to determine the effects of blocking CCR5 on human activated T cells in vitro and investigate the potential immunological mechanisms. Human CD3+ T cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and then activated by cytokines. We tested the surface expressions and relative messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, and CXCR3, chemotaxis toward their cognate ligands, internalization of chemokine receptors, and production of cytokines. In conclusion, blocking CCR5 by maraviroc not only can block CCR5 and CCR2 internalization processes induced by CCL5 and CCL2, but also inhibit T cell chemotactic activities toward their cognate ligands, respectively. Moreover, blocking CCR5 with maraviroc at high doses tends to decrease the production of TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3. In addition, there might be a form of cross talk between CCR5 and CCR2, and this may offer a novel immunological effect for blockade of CCR5.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 12803358, "title": "Transcriptional regulation of mouse neuroglobin gene by cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) in N2a cells", "abstract": "Neuroglobin (Ngb) has been demonstrated to be a novel neuroprotective protein that protects against hypoxia/ischemia and oxidative stress-induced injury in the nervous system. However, the regulation mechanisms of Ngb gene expression under both normal resting and stress conditions have not been fully elucidated. The cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key transcription factor that regulates a variety of pro-survival genes, but its role in regulating the neuroprotective gene Ngb has not been studied. In this study we investigated the transcriptional regulation of mouse Ngb gene by CREB in mouse neuroblastoma cell line N2a. Our results showed that CREB knockdown decreased Ngb gene expression, and overexpression of the wild-type CREB, but not the mutant CREB, significantly increased Ngb gene expression in N2a cells. Moreover, a cAMP response element (CRE) site located at -854 in the promoter region of mouse Ngb gene was found to be responsible for both basal and CREB-induced Ngb promoter activity. Using chromatin immunopreciptation (ChIP) assays, we found that CREB could bind to the Ngb promoter region spanning from -1016 to -793 that harbors the CRE site. Taken together, our results suggested that transcription factor CREB participates in the transcriptional regulation of mouse Ngb gene.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 110191429, "title": "The research and application of spray cooling technology in Shanghai Expo", "abstract": "Abstract In this paper, the weather data (issued by the China Meteorological Administration) of typical year and highest temperature typical year are adopted to predict and analyze the effect of applying spray cooling technology to 2010 World Expo in Shanghai. The experimental results from Japan are considered as the grounds of argument for effectiveness of spray cooling, namely when temperature is above 30\u00a0\u00b0C and relative humidity is below 70%, the decrease of 1\u20132\u00a0\u00b0C can be gained after high-pressure spray cooling. By analyzing the weather data of 1840\u00a0h during the Expo, the results show that\uff0cfor typical year and highest temperature typical year, the effective time for spray cooling are predicted to be 173\u2013426\u00a0h. The meteorological monitoring data during the Expo show that the actual effective time for spray cooling are 387\u00a0h. The actual climatic characteristics in 2010 are extremely close to the adopted weather data of highest temperature typical year. Meanwhile, the WBGT index during the Expo is predicted and analyzed in this paper. After applying the spray cooling technology to a residential pavilion in Shanghai, the cooling effect and pressure and flow characteristics of spraying system are demonstrated in this paper. Conclusion can be drawn from the experimental results that when ambient temperature is 35\u00a0\u00b0C and relative humidity is about 45%, the air temperature of each measuring point can be reduced by 5\u20137\u00a0\u00b0C at most. The relative humidity in most regions is below 70%. Furthermore, the spray cooling efficiency of spraying area can be up to 65% and the partial spray cooling efficiency can reach 80% at most. The COP of high-pressure spray system is over 30 when water pressure is greater than 5.5\u00a0Mpa. Besides, the WBGT of each measuring point in spraying area can be reduced by 3.5\u20135.2\u00a0\u00b0C. In July 2010, the two experimental results of spray cooling in the Expo Axis show that when ambient temperature is 34\u201340\u00a0\u00b0C and relative humidity is 32\u201355%, the air temperature can be reduced by 6\u201312\u00a0\u00b0C at most within the range of 1\u00a0m from spray column, and by 1.5\u20134\u00a0\u00b0C on average within the range of 3\u00a0m, by 0.5\u20131.5\u00a0\u00b0C at least within the range of 7\u00a0m. The research and experiments indicate that the spray cooling technology applied during Shanghai Expo is very effective."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 20513916, "title": "Discuss on subject-based English teaching for HVAC", "abstract": "Subject-based English teaching should adapt the fast development of HVAC, which need teaching intention promotion, teaching content update, and teaching method optimization. Subject-based English teaching should pay more attention to specialized English structure and practical rules for cultivating High-quality talents under the era of knowledgement economy.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 108125312, "title": "Study on an Unsteady and Synchronous Solving Model for Low Sidewall Air Supply System in the Large-Space Building", "abstract": "In large-space building, the distribution of vertical temperature has obvious difference. According to this feature, the energy consumption in air-conditioning would be greatly reduced if the designs of airflow are preferable in these buildings. The low sidewall air supply system is widely installed in the large-space buildings since it can directly sent the handled air to the personnel activity area, thereby has lower energy consumption than other systems. In this paper, a Gebhart-Block synchronous solving model is built to solve the vertical temperature distribution of an actual large-space building with low sidewall air supply system. The simulative physical model is divided into eight blocks in the vertical direction. According to the mechanism of heat transfer, unsteady-state heat balance equation is established for indoor air and wall in each block. The unsteady and synchronous solving model is established with integrating these balance equations. Furthermore, to predict the temperature distribution of indoor air and inner wall surface, the theoretical values of this model are calculated with programming by Visual Basic.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 45873940, "title": "Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Semi-Cylindrical Diffuser Arranged at Low Sidewall in Large Space Buildings", "abstract": "This paper presents an experimental investigation of temperature and velocity distribution around a semi-cylindrical diffuser in a large space building. The airflow and temperature distribution characteristics and the relationship between temperature field and velocity field around the diffuser under different supply air volume were experimentally investigated; The temperature boundary layer and velocity boundary layer in cross section under different supply air volume were drawn. It was found the profiles of airflow's track line and lowest temperature line of the symmetric line and center line. A preliminary analysis of air flow collision and its effect on room thermal environment was given in this paper.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 30290168, "title": "CFD Study on Inter-Action and Heat Transfer between Non-Isothermal Airflow of Momentum Source and Plume of Buoyancy Force in an Air-Conditioned Space", "abstract": "This paper presents indoor airflow and thermal environment which is formed by a cooling jet and a local heat source in a ventilated room. To illustrate the effects of the combined the plume and the jet-flow, a series of simulated values with different calculated conditions such as different buoyancy flux are analysed by Fluent simulation software. This paper presents an index \u03b8 to describe the physical phenomenon by the thermal interaction between the cold jetflow and the plume. It is concluded that if the heat source is increasing considerably, the buoyancy source will be a leading factor of the indoor thermal field, though its initial momentum is considered to be zero .", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 28641437, "title": "Lactate promotes resistance to glucose starvation via upregulation of Bcl-2 mediated by mTOR activation.", "abstract": "Solid tumors grow faster and need more glucose than normal tissue; however, due to poor angiogenesis and excessive growth, tumors remote from blood vessels are always under glucose starvation. Even so, cancer cells remain alive in vivo. Thus, making cancer cells sensitive to glucose depletion may potentially provide an effective strategy for cancer intervention. Tumors that obtain sufficient glucose generate a large amount of lactate. Therefore, we proposed that lactate, a tumor microenvironment factor, may allow cancer cells to develop resistance to glucose starvation-induced death. We cultured cancer cells in no-glucose medium and added lactate to the medium. During the experiment, lactate helped cancer cells to escape from glucose starvation-induced cell death, without using lactate as an energy substrate, resulting in activation of Akt through PI3K. Akt activation plays a central role in cell growth through the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Alteration of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by inhibiting apoptosis induced specific upregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) through translational control. In conclusion, this study showed that lactate rescues cancer cells from glucose starvation-induced cell death through regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. These data suggest that lactate is an important determinant of the sensitivity of tumors to glucose starvation, and reducing lactate or inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Bcl-2 signaling pathway may influence the response of cancers to glucose starvation.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 72192870, "title": "A randomised double-blind controlled study evaluating the hypothermic effect of 150 \u03bcg morphine during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section", "abstract": "Summary \n \nWe studied the hypothermic effect of adding 150\u00a0\u03bcg morphine during spinal anaesthesia in 60 parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section. All the parturients received intrathecal injection of a solution containing 150\u00a0\u03bcg morphine or normal saline in addition to 10\u201312\u00a0mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%. In both groups, a significant decrease in body temperature was noted. There was no difference in the area under the curve for temperature against time for the two groups; however, the maximum decrease in temperature from baseline was significantly larger after morphine than after saline injection (mean (SD) 1.11 (0.61)\u00a0\u00b0C vs 0.76 (0.39)\u00a0\u00b0C, respectively; p\u00a0=\u00a00.01) and the time to nadir temperature was significantly longer (59.5 (17.6) min vs 50.4 (15.9) min, respectively; p\u00a0=\u00a00.047). The lowest temperature observed in the morphine group was 34.3\u00a0\u00b0C. We conclude that intrathecal injection of 150\u00a0\u03bcg morphine intensified the intra-operative hypothermic effect of bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 111710116, "title": "Research on the kinetic energy ratio of return air entrainment in the form of low supply\u2013middle return in the large space of brine experiments", "abstract": "Introduced in this article is a 1:15 brine model experiment rig with an actual large space building as the research object, which provides different concentration brine for a simulation of the stratified air conditioning in the steady-state flow field featured with columnar air supply in the bottom, heat source on the ground, the central air return, and air exhaust from roof in a large space. According to the similarity theory, it is concluded that the similarity criterion numbers applied here are Reynolds number (Re) and Archimedes number (Ar) for designation of experiment rig size, choosing device type, and confirming experiment condition. In the designation of key components of experiment rig, the application of automation control makes brine recovery and recycling in the process; designation of electrical control system makes a centralized control of experiment start\u2013stop and the adjustment of the pipeline flow, realizing automation in the whole experiment process. Particle image velocimetry testing technology is used to get velocity vector field of air return mouth area in the model under various working conditions, and also proper orthogonal decomposition method is applied to analyze flow field structure of air return mouth area and reconstruct it. Consequently, we can get a kinetic energy ratio of return air entrainment of lower air-conditioning section and upper non-air-conditioning section in large space. Experiments show that under the conditions of same air supply, indoor environment temperature difference, and height and direction of return air inlet, fastening the speed of return air suction, the entrainment of flow field around it strengthens accordingly. The entrainment of return air inlet has more kinetic energy in the lower air-conditioning section than the upper non-air-conditioning section.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 54695517, "title": "Systematic evaluation of the impacts of GPSRO data on the prediction of typhoons over the northwestern Pacific in 2008\u20132010", "abstract": "Abstract. In this paper, we perform a systematic evaluation of the impact of Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPSRO) data on typhoon-track prediction over the northwestern Pacific. Specifically, we perform data assimilation and forecast experiments using the Typhoon Weather Research and Forecasting (TWRF) system at 45 km resolution on 11 typhoons (with a total of 327 cases) in the period of 2008\u20132010 over the northwestern Pacific, with or without the use of GPSRO refractivity observations. On average, about 100 GPSRO soundings are assimilated over a 12 h partially cycling assimilation period. The results indicate that the assimilation of GPSRO data reduces the 72 h track forecast errors by approximately 12 km (5 %). Although this is only a modest improvement, it is statistically significant. The assimilation of GPSRO data improves the analysis and the forecast of temperature, water vapor, and wind fields. Further analysis shows that the reduction in typhoon-track forecast errors can be attributed to the improved prediction of western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and its associated circulation, which leads to better forecasting of the environmental steering flow.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 122788710, "title": "The Study of Temperature Rise in a 90-Degree Sharp Bend Microchannel Flow Under Constant Wall Temperature Condition", "abstract": "This study presents the fluid temperature measurement at a 90-degree sharp bend inside a microchannel using molecule-based temperature sensor technique. This technique provides both detailed and global information for temperature investigation in microfluidic research. Rhodamine B was selected as the molecule-based temperature probe in the experiment to provide non-invasive and straightforward measurements. To resolve the luminescence deviation in the microscale temperature measurements introduced by the corner structure, in-situ calibration method and pixel-by-pixel correction were applied during the data reduction. The temperature measurement was performed in a 200\u03bcm wide, 67\u03bcm deep and 2cm long PDMS microchannel with a 90-degree sharp bend at the center. The temperature profile was measured at a Reynolds number of 27.66 using Rhodamine B in DI water while the bottom of channel was heated at 50\u00b0C. As revealed by the molecule-based temperature sensor, the temperature variation along the central line increased 2\u00b0C while passing the corner. Additionally, the lateral temperature distributions upstream of the corner show the temperature increase near the outer side of microchannel and decreased near the inner side. The velocity profiles around the 90-degree sharp bend were acquired to analyze the flow after corner. Secondary flow structure after the corner was observed in the velocity profiles along the depth of the microchannel. This study analyzes the thermal flow fields in the microchannel with a 90-degree sharp bend and reveals that regardless of the low Reynolds number, the flow mixing after the corner resulted in the increase of temperature downstream of the bend.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 95617177, "title": "New Reduced Chemical Mechanism for Homogeneous Charge Combustion Ignition Combustion Investigation of Primary Reference Fuels", "abstract": "A reduced chemical mechanism for primary reference fuels (PRFs) and their mixtures has been developed to investigate the homogeneous charge combustion ignition (HCCI) combustion and emissions (uHC, CO, and NOx) processes. The reduced mechanism involves 42 species undergoing 62 reactions and has been validated against experiments under engine relevant conditions. First, the ignition delay time predicted by the reduced mechanism has been compared with shock tube experiments, and good agreement has been obtained for the PRF100, PRF90, PRF80, PRF60, and PRF0 fuels over the temperature range 667-1250 K at stoichiometric conditions. Second, the ignition delay time and burn rate has been validated against a rapid compression machine over the equivalence ratio range 0.2-0.5 and the initial temperature range 305-341 K for PRF90 fuel. Third, the ignition delay times and NOx emissions have been compared with HCCI engine experiments and good agreement has been obtained for the PRF90, PRF75, PRF50, and PRF25 fuels.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 97738088, "title": "Modulating dual-wavelength multiple quantum wells in white light emitting diodes to suppress efficiency droop and improve color rendering index", "abstract": "In this paper, gallium nitride (GaN) based white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with modulated quantities of blue (In0.15Ga0.85N) quantum wells (QWs) and cyan QWs (In0.18Ga0.82N) in multiple QW (MQW) structures have been investigated numerically and experimentally. It is demonstrated that the optical performance of LEDs is sensitive to the quantities of cyan QWs in dual-wavelength MQW structures. Compared to the LEDs with respective 0, 4, and 8 cyan QWs (12 QWs in total), the optical performance of the sample with 6 cyan QWs is the best. The deterioration of the optical performance in the sample with less (4 pairs) cyan QWs or more (8 pairs) cyan QWs than 6 cyan QWs may be ascribed to weakened reservoir effect or more defects induced. Compared to conventional blue LEDs (12 blue QWs), the sample with 6 cyan QWs could effectively suppress the efficiency droop (the experimental droop ratio decreases from 50.3% to 39.5% at 80 A/cm2) and significantly improve the color rendering index (CRI, increases from 66.4 to 77.0) simultaneously. We attribute the droop suppression to the strengthened reservoir effect and carrier confinement of deeper QWs (higher indium composition) incorporated in the dual-wavelength MQW structures, which lead to the better hole spreading and enhanced radiative recombination. Meanwhile, the remarkable experimental CRI improvement may result from the wider full-width at half-maximum of electroluminescence spectra and higher cyan intensity in WLED chips with dual-wavelength MQW structures."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 32903543, "title": "Study of high CRI white light-emitting diode devices with multi-chromatic phosphor", "abstract": "In this paper, we investigated the connection between the employment of multi-chromatic phosphor and CRI value for WLED devices by simulation, using the excitation and emission spectra of phosphor and surface source property of LED chips acquired from experiments. CRI value was examined in the range of 56.8-76.0 due to the change of phosphor concentration, for traditional blue-pumped yellow phosphor. When red phosphor was added, it was found that as red contents increased, red shift occurred in CIE, and CRI value was enhanced only within a limited range. The highest enhancement in such case was 13.8% for blue-pumped yellow phosphor, and when more multi-chromatic phosphor such as red, yellow, green was mixed, the value of CRI enhancement was 19.2% higher than that of dichromatic LED. Ray tracing simulation revealed that multi-chromatic phosphor also had an impact on luminous efficacy and color temperature for high-power WLED devices. It was also showed in our simulation that CRI value increased with the increase of total phosphor concentration, up until the point of an optimum concentration where CRI value started to decrease. Other parameters such as quantum efficiency and molar absorbance index also contributed to white-LED devices performance. Such simulation results are useful to design the optimum phosphor mixture concentration and are helpful to fabricate high CRI blue-pumped or ultraviolet-pumped WLED devices with the best multi-chromatic phosphor proportion.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 120888900, "title": "Luminescence properties of InGaN\u2010based dual\u2010wavelength light\u2010emitting diodes with different quantum\u2010well arrangements", "abstract": "Optimized dual-wavelength InGaN-based vertical light-emitting diode (LEDs) structures were investigated by numerical simulations. The results show that different quantum-well arrangements in the active region play an important role in obtaining dual-wavelength emission. It is a better way to obtain the dual-wavelength with uniform intensity by arranging quantum wells (QW) with low indium content near the p-side and the QW with high indium near the n-side. This is because the QWs with lower indium near the p-side layer have higher hole-injection efficiency. On the other hand, arranging QW with high indium content near the p-side leads to poor hole-injection efficiency due to the high polarization fields. The physical and optical mechanisms of these phenomena were explained by the intensity of electrostatic fields, energy-band diagrams, and carrier-concentration distribution in the active region of LEDs.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 135543696, "title": "Design and analysis of 2D photonic crystals for nano-structured solar cells", "abstract": "In this paper, we used FDTD Solutions software to simulate the reflectance of two-dimensional photonic crystal by changing duty ratio from 40% to 70%. The different models, which are referred by Stavenga, Southwell and Grann et al, were used for obtaining the equivalent refractive index. And then the simulations of double layer dielectric structure designed in FDTD Solutions was used for getting the reflectance curves by importing the data of the equivalent refractive index. After comparing these curves we could obtain that the accuracy of different models are related to the ratio of the period\uff08P\uff09 and wavelength\uff08\u03bb). Thus the equivalent refractive theory has its most applicable models of micro structure in different period scales. The imprecise quantitative explaining of micro structures\u2019 antireflection by using equivalent refractive theory models was solved in this paper, which has important significance in many areas.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 136692311, "title": "Study of optical stability for vertical high-power white light-emitting diodes", "abstract": "With the development of lighting technology, high-power white LEDs will become the future mainstream technology. At present, there are still many problems in optical stability, reliability, heat dissipation. This paper focuses on the optical properties of vertical high-power white LEDs. The measurement results of the luminous flux output, correlated color temperature and color coordinates of the white and blue LEDs after 1100 hours of aging life testing under the drive current of 350 mA show us that the color coordinates of the white LED changed from (0.3362,0.3700) to (0.3359,0.3698) and shifts to the blue color coordinates direction. The luminous flux output of the white LED is declined from 95.002lm to 93.046lm. The color temperature declines from 5403k to 5383k. After the rapid temperature changes, the aging speed of white LED is faster than the blue LED\u2019s. Analyzing the results, it can be concluded that phosphor aging rate greatly affects the optical stability of the device, how to improve the stability of phosphor is the key to improve optical stability for the vertical high-power white LED.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 137029253, "title": "Photonic crystal based on anti-reflection structure for GaN/InGaN heterojunction solar cells", "abstract": "The III-V nitride material such as InGaN has many favorable physical properties including a wide direct band-gap (0.7- 3.4eV), high absorption coefficients (105 cm-1), and high radiation resistance. As such, InGaN has been chosen as an excellent material for full-solar-spectrum photovoltaic applications utilizing its wide and tunable band-gap. The refractive index of GaN is about 2.5 in the full-solar-spectrum. According to the Fresnel formula, there is a high reflection of ~18.4% as the sun light entering GaN. Anti-reflection films could be used on InGaN/GaN solar cell to decrease the reflection loss. The photonic crystal structure is a kind of anti-reflection based on the effective medium theory without any limitations, for example the mismatched thermal expansion coefficient. In this paper, we reported our research work on the design and fabrication of photonic crystal structure on the surface of GaN. FDTD Solutions is used to simulate the reflectivity on the surface of GaN with hexagonal close-packed pillar which has different period-a, diameter-d and height-h. When the parameters a is 500nm, d is 300nm, the reflectivity reached the lowest point of 4.18%. The self-assembly method was used to fabricate the photonic crystal structure on the GaN surface and the fabrication process was also researched. The photonic crystal structures on the surface of p-GaN were obtained and their characteristics of the antireflective film will be discussed in detail.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 111275353, "title": "The Influence of Buried Tube Depth and Operational Mode on Heat Exchanger Performance", "abstract": "Ground coupled heat pump has become an attractively alternative way to cool and heat buildings in China, however, in practice their operation and effect especially on the performance of heat exchanger are unsatisfied. In this paper, the influence of buried tube depth and operational mode on heat exchange performance were studied by experiment. The experimental results showed that intermittent operation mode will help to improve energy efficiency of buried tube,and improve the host operating efficiency. In the operation, buried tube will produce inevitably cold and heat accumulation effect in surronding rock mass, and result in water temperature of buried tube oulet rising (summer) or decreasing(winter), cooling temperature of the condenser (summer) increasing, evaporation temperature of evaporator decreasing (winter), then the operating efficiency of host machine in the actual operation would be decreased. It is suggested that ground source heat pump system with auxiliary cold/hot equipment should be considered in practice.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 39736367, "title": "Negative differential resistance and memory effect in diodes based on 1,4-dibenzyl C60 and zinc phthalocyanine doped polystyrene hybrid material.", "abstract": "Negative differential resistance (NDR) and memory effect were observed in diodes based on 1,4-dibenzyl C60 (DBC) and zinc phthalocyanine doped polystyrene hybrid material. Certain negative starting sweeping voltages led to a reproducible NDR, making the hybrid material a promising candidate in memory devices. It was found that the introduction of DBC enhanced the ON/OFF current ratio and significantly improved the memory stability. The ON/OFF current ratio was up to 2 orders of magnitude. The write-read-erase-reread cycles were more than 106, and the retention time reached 10,000 s without current degradation.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 123286082, "title": "Anomalous current-voltage characteristics of polymer light-emitting diodes", "abstract": "Light-emitting diodes based on an alternating copolymer containing triphenylamine and phenylene units (TPA-PPA) were prepared, and electrically and optically characterized. The diode with a structure of indium tin oxide/TPA-PPV/Al exhibited a \"current anomaly\" phenomenon. We demonstrated that the \"current anomaly\" is caused by a reverse internal electric field owing to the reabsorption of electroluminescent light rather than the changes in the aluminum-doping concentration during operation.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 124183767, "title": "An effective approach to removing zero-order term overlap and controlling image distortion in digital off-axis holography", "abstract": "Abstract In this paper, we propose and describe a novel nonlinear numerical filtering approach to remove the zero-order term which overlaps the image, and meanwhile, to effectively control the image distortion in digital off-axis holography. To reach this goal, a special numerical filter is constructed by extracting and improving a modulation function from the G-channel sampling-gained hologram in Fourier frequency domain based on a color CCD detector. The quantitative analysis on the zero-order term suppression and image distortion control in both amplitude and phase for the filter optimization are presented in detail. The experimental result agrees with theoretical prediction well and proves the effectiveness of this method.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 98542166, "title": "Template-free synthesis of a hierarchical flower-like platinum counter electrode and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells", "abstract": "A large-scale hierarchical flower-like platinum counter electrode was successfully prepared by a template-free route. The platinum flower is composed of numerous of petal-like platinum nanosheets with a thickness of 25\u201330 nm, with a significantly enhanced active surface-area and electrochemical performance in DSSCs. The DSSC based on the flower-like Pt counter electrode shows an efficiency of 7.94%, which is enhanced by 19.2% compared to that of a conventional Pt nanoparticle electrode.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 137919587, "title": "Effect of preparation processes on morphology and mechanical properties of nano-organ-montmorillonite/polyamide-6-polypropylene composites", "abstract": "Masterbatch M1 of nano-organ-montmorillonite(OMMT)/polyamide-6(PA6) and masterbatch M2 of OMMT/polypropylene(PP) were prepared by melt-extruding method,and nano-OMMT/PA6-PP composites with different OMMT content were prepared with two masterbatches by melt-compound blending with PA6-PP,the composites with the same mass ratio were also prepared by direct blending method.The distribution of OMMT and morphology of the PP disperse phase in composites were characterized by TEM and SEM,and the mechanical properties of nano-OMMT/PA6-PP composites prepared by three processes were also compared.It was found that the OMMT selectively located in PA6 matrix by three processes,and the OMMT shows the best distribution in the composites prepared by the process of M1 masterbatch.The particle size and polydispersity of the PP disperse phase first reduce and then change little with increasing the OMMT content.When the mass ratio of OMMT to PA6-PP is 5\u2236100,the particle size is minimized and the distribution shows the best.The composites prepared by the processes of masterbatches display smaller disperse phase size and better distribution than that prepared by direct blending.OMMT improvs the flexural modulus,in which the compsites prepared by the process of M1 masterbatch display the highest tensile strength and flexural modulus,and the ones prepared by the process of M2 masterbatch show the best impact toughness."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 137334259, "title": "Fracture surface characteristics and impact properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)", "abstract": "In this article, the relationship between fracture surface feature and impact properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) was investigated. The results indicated that the fracture surface morphology of notched impact specimens tested in the temperature range from 196 to 180\u00a0\u00b0C could be differentiated into brittle (T\u00a0\u2264\u00a020\u00a0\u00b0C) and ductile appearances (T\u00a0>\u00a020\u00a0\u00b0C). The fracture surface roughness was characterized by surface roughness ratio (Rs) and fractal dimension (Db). The fracture mode significantly influenced the relationship between impact strength and fracture surface roughness. When PBT fractured in a brittle mode, both the measured values of Rs and Db could correspond to impact strength appropriately. On the contrary, when PBT fractured in a ductile mode, their relationship became not statistically significant because the area of the plastic deformation zone instead of fracture surface roughness might be the major factor influencing impact strength.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 136973439, "title": "The Synergy Effects of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer and Epoxy Resin on Interface Adhesion of ABS/Short Glass Fiber Composites", "abstract": "The effects of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) and epoxy resin (ER) on the interfacial interaction of Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer/Short glass fiber composites were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and mechanical properties. The experimental results demonstrate that SMA and ER could effectively improve interfacial interaction between the ABS and SGF. Based on SEM, good interfacial adhesion between ABS and SGF in ABS/SMA/ER/SGF and ABS/ER/SGF composites was observed. DMA results showed that SMA and ER decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg) and height of tan\u03b4 compared with ABS/SGF composites. The synergy effects of SMA and ER on the interface interaction was investigated. All results in this paper were consistent, and showed a good interaction between ABS and SGF, which was proven by the mechanical properties of the composites.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 136942848, "title": "Preparation and Properties of the Glass Fiber Reinforced PP Composites", "abstract": "The effects of polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and unsturated polyester (UP) on the interfacial interaction of PP/GF composites were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical properties. The experimental results demonstrate that PP-g-MA and UP could effectively improve interfacial interaction between the PP and GF. Based on SEM, good interfacial adhesion between PP and GF in PP/UP/GF and PP/ PP-g-MA /GF composites was observed. DSC results showed that the existense of PP-g-MA or UP caused t crystallization temperature and melting temperature shift to high temperature. All results in this paper were consistent, and showed the good interaction between PP and GF, which were proved by the mechanical properties of the composites.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 137604038, "title": "Experimental observation and computer simulation of conic markings on fracture surfaces of polymers", "abstract": "The morphology of conic markings was observed on the fracture surfaces of amorphous polysulfone, polyethersulfone and polyetherimide and semicrystalline polypropylene, polyphenylene sulfide and polybutylene terephthalate by using scanning electron microscopy. Most of conics exhibit the stepped stereo configuration, and the origin of secondary crack is depressed in the crack plane as a result of plastic deformation. The brittle\u2013ductile transition of polymers can be analyzed by comparing the matching morphology of conic markings. According to computer simulations, the type I marking is determined by the ratio of the main to the secondary crack velocity while the type II marking is determined by the distances that two secondary cracks have covered before they meet. Variations of conic shapes can help to determine the changes of crack growth velocity.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 123913062, "title": "Theoretical Analysis to Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter System with Normal Phase Match Condition", "abstract": "The optic-acoustic reaction relationship is analyzed to noncollinear acousto-optic tunable filter(AOTF) under normal phase matching condition in this paper.To the generally designed AOTF,the diffracted o and e rays have different wavelengths.The two rays cannot be used simultaneously in practice.In order to magnify the intensity of light that can be used,the two diffracted rays should have same wavelength.The main research content of the paper is how to get two rays with same wavelength in normally produced AOTF crystal.For the AOTF crystal not produced by equivalent point theory,the incident light can be deflected a small degree with the normal of the crystal plane.By normal phase match condition it can be found that certain degree can diffracted the same wavelength rays.Experiments have validated the method.The deflected degree is called equivalent offset angle.For different diffracted wavelengths,there are corresponding different equivalent offset angles.Finally the variation rule of equivalent offset angle with diffracted wavelength is given.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 101564436, "title": "Determination of heat capacity of deltamethrin at low temperature and its thermochemical properties", "abstract": "The heat capacity of deltamethrin in the temperature range from 80 to 400 K was measured with a precise automatic adiabatic calorimeter.The sample was prepared with the purity of 0.9926 molar fraction. A solid-liquid fusion phase transition was observed in the experimental temperature range.The melting point, T_m, enthalpy and entropy of fusion, \u0394_ fusH_ m,\u0394_ fusS_m, were determined as(372.15\u00b10.02)K,(26.73\u00b10.02)kJ\u00b7mol -1,(71.81\u00b10.06)J\u00b7K -1\u00b7mol -1 respectively.The thermodynamic functions data of deltamethrin,H_ (T)-H_ (298.15),S_ (T)-S_ (298.15), and G_ (T)-G_ (298.15), were reported with a temperature interval of 5 K in the temperature range of 298.15 to 400 K.The sample was measured with the DSC method and compared with the calorimetric method.The thermal decomposition of the sample was studied by TG analysis.The order of reaction n, pre-exponential factor A and activation energy E, were 1.78, 1.15\u00d710 9 min -1 and 603.8 kJ\u00b7mol -1, respectively.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 132427227, "title": "Rain Attenuation Prediction at W Band Based on Non-stationary Time-series ARIMA Model", "abstract": "Most existing rain attenuation prediction models are only tested at 55 GHz. There are small numbers of tested W-band rain attenuation prediction models, but these tested models have issues with high complexity and large quantities of calculations. A real-time prediction method is proposed that has a simpler structure and smaller quantity of calculations. The proposed method is based on the ARIMA model, which utilizes the relationship among the time series to establish a prediction model, conducts a stationary test on the original time series, transforms the nonstationary time series into a stationary time series by using a difference transform, and estimates the parameters of the stationary time series. This sequentially transforms the traditional nonlinear prediction into a linear prediction. First, the ARIMA (1,1,6) model is compared under the conditions of different polarizations, prediction intervals, and numbers of time series. Then the proposed model is compared with the International Telecommunication Union-R (ITU-R) and the Silva Mello rain attenuation prediction models using the conditions of vertical polarization, a prediction interval of 0.10 GHz, and a number of 50 time series. Finally, the forecasting time series with the simulant series are compared. The result shows that the prediction error between the ARIMA model, the ITU-R model and the Silva Mello model does not exceed 3 10 \u2212 , and that the change trend of the rain attenuation is basically the same. and the goodness of fit between the forecasting and simulant time series is good, which means that the proposed model can be applied to forecasting the rain attenuation in the W band, and that it has the advantages of simpler structure and high precision in prediction.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 123893134, "title": "Quantitative \u2211-scaling method of neutron radiography", "abstract": "A quantitative analysis method of neutron radiography is introduced in the paper. The principle of this method is described,and the influence of scattered neutrons on neutron radiography is analyzed using the particle transport programme MCNP. The relationship between the specimen-detector distance and scattered neutrons is also discussed. To weaken the influence of scattered neutrons,the penetrating thickness of thermal neutrons is quantitatively scaled by analyzing neutron pictures in which internal scattered neutrons have trailed off.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 116481489, "title": "The Optical Characteristics of the Acousto-optic Tunable Filter with the Equivalent Point", "abstract": "In this paper, the interaction curves of acoustic and optical waves in a non-collinear AOTF (acousto-optic tunable filter) cell under the parallel-tangent momentum matching condition are analyzed systematically. A new theory of equivalent point for AOTF design is put forward. The wavelength characteristics and the wavelength resolution of two diffraction beams with equivalent point design in AOTF are emphatically analyzed. The optical characteristics at \u03b4 = 0 (ideal case) and \u03b4\u22600 (real case) are also discussed. The advantages of the AOTF with equivalent point design include high wavelength resolution, more quantitative energy and larger incident angle aperture.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 98638669, "title": "Origin of Leakage Currents in ZnO Based Varistor Ceramics with Al(NO3)3 Dopant", "abstract": "The additive of Al(NO3)3 has been doped into ZnO varistors in order to reduce their residual voltages. However, the leakage currents of samples always increase at the same time. Generally, it is recognized that some of doped Al3+ ions enter the ZnO grains and reduce their resistivity, which results in lower residual voltages of varistor samples. On the other hand, the remnant Al3+ ions appear in the grain boundaries and also reduce their resistivity, which results in larger leakage currents. In this paper, the electrical properties of ZnO varistor samples with various amounts of Al(NO3)3 dopant were measured. The experimental data are compared with the numerical simulation results, which reveals that the increased leakage currents of ZnO varistors with Al(NO3)3 dopant are not only due to the decreased resistivity of grain boundaries, but also the increased donor density of ZnO grains."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 8323844, "title": "Electrical parameter statistic analysis and parallel coordination of ZnO varistors in low-voltage protection devices", "abstract": "Analyzing the nonuniformity of electrical parameters of ZnO varistors is useful to select and coordinate the ZnO varistors in parallel operation and improve the protection capability of surge-protection device (SPD). The nonuniformity of 1-mA dc voltage and impulse residual voltage of commercial low-voltage ZnO varistors were estimated by statistic analysis in this paper. The Minimum Gobble Distribution was used to describe the distribution of 1-mA dc voltage and impulse residual voltage, ZnO varistors were verified conforming to the Minimum Gobble Distribution by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The relationship between the impulse residual voltage and 1-mA dc voltage has a chaos phenomenon, and they have a close relative degree by t-test, the impulse residual voltage can be estimated by voltage ratio and 1-mA dc voltage. The nonuniform phenomena of electrical parameters of ZnO varistors were simulated by Voronoi network. The current overload of ZnO varistor with reduced residual voltage is serious, in order to keep safe operation of SPDs, when we design a SPD with ZnO varistors in parallel, a safe margin coefficient of discharge withstand current should be considered according to the actual relative standard deviation of surge residual voltages of used ZnO varistors.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 2188227, "title": "Simulation on surge responses of ZnO varistors by Voronoi network with actual grain boundary model", "abstract": "A special simulation model for the surge responses of ZnO varistors is introduced in this paper. This model is based on the Voronoi network and contains the actual conduction mechanism of the grain boundaries, as well as the capacitances of the grain boundaries. The surge responses of the actual varistor samples were simulated and compared with the experimental results. The simulated waveforms agree with the measured ones very well, which indicates that the simulation model is quite reasonable.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 109210449, "title": "Admittance Spectroscopy of Y2O3-Doped ZnO Varistors Sintered at Different Temperature", "abstract": "ZnO varistors are multicomponent polycrystalline ceramics with highly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics and surge energy absorption capabilities. The voltage gradient of the ZnO varistor is inversely proportional to its average grain size. Recently, the rare-earth oxides have been reported as growth inhibitor of ZnO grains to obtain high voltage gradient. Although the dopant of rare-earth oxides can remarkably enhance the voltage gradients of varistor samples, their leakage currents and nonlinear coefficients deteriorate at the same time. In this paper, the sintering effects on electrical characteristics and admittance spectroscopies of ZnO varistor samples doped with yttrium oxides were investigated. Samples were fabricated under different sintering temperatures, including 1000 \u00b0C, 1100 \u00b0C, 1200 \u00b0C and 1300 \u00b0C. Then, the electrical characteristics and admittance spectroscopies of these varistor samples were measured. The measured current-voltage results behave special U-type curves related to sintering temperature. Furthermore, the admittance spectroscopy of these samples revealed the sintering effects on the intrinsic defects of ZnO varistors.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 192656, "title": "Voltage distribution analysis of 500-kV DC transmission-line voltage divider under impulse voltages: stray parameter extraction", "abstract": "It is essential to extract the stray parameters accurately and efficiently in analyzing impulse responses of a power apparatus. In this paper the stray capacitances and stray inductances of a 500-kV dc transmission-line voltage divider are extracted by the hybrid finite element-analytical approach, and the corresponding equivalent circuit for analyzing the impulse voltage response of the voltage divider is established. According to the discussion of the results of the extracted stray parameters of the voltage divider, reasonable simplification of the equivalent circuit of the voltage divider is made. In addition, the influence of the insulating housing and the electrical insulation oil on the stray capacitances of the voltage divider is discussed.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 102214395, "title": "Effects of manganese dioxide additives on the electrical characteristics of Al-doped ZnO varistors", "abstract": "The effects of manganese dioxide (MnO2) additives on the electrical characteristics of the Al-doped ZnO varistors are investigated. The leakage current densities of the samples decrease first and then increase again with the increase of the amount of MnO2 additives. Correspondingly, the nonlinear coefficients of the samples keep on increasing and then decrease. In addition, the donor densities increase monotonously with the amount of the doped MnO2 increasing. The effects of MnO2 additives on the electrical characteristics of the samples are different from the conclusion of previous literatures. The reasons of the distinct effects are supposed to be related with the donor and interface state densities of the samples.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 137368295, "title": "Hydrangea-like zinc oxide superstructures for ferroelectric polymer composites with high thermal conductivity and high dielectric constant", "abstract": "Polymer composites with high thermal conductivity and high dielectric constant are highly desirable in electronic and electric industry, and particularly, for power apparatus at high voltages. In this work, a novel hydrangea-like ZnO superstructure was prepared by a template-free solvothermal method. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composites filled with the ZnO superstructure were prepared via a solution mixing method. The microstructure, thermal conductivity, thermal stability and dielectric properties of the composites were investigated. It was found that the hydrangea-like ZnO shows marginal influence on microstructure of the PVDF matrix, but has significant enhancement effects on thermal conductivity, thermal stability and dielectric constant of the composites. Compared with the commercial ZnO nanoparticles, the hydrangea-like ZnO superstructures result in much higher enhancement of thermal conductivity and dielectric constant and slightly lower breakdown strength of the composites. This has been ascribed to the formation of percolation-like structure in the hydrangea-like ZnO composites.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 95262447, "title": "Influence of ZnO Powders on the Stability of the Foams Stabilized by Surfactants", "abstract": "Foam is a thermodynamically unstable system, and the stability is the most important factor for the preparation and application of foams. In this paper, the effect of ZnO powders on the stability of the foams stabilized by sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and Polyethylene glycol tertoctyl phenyl ether (TritonX-100) was investigated. The results showed that ZnO powders have a synergistic effect with SDBS and CTAB. There is no synergy between ZnO powders and Triton X-100. The mechanism for the stabilizing effect of ZnO powders on the foams was discussed.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 27263744, "title": "Facilitating the enzymatic saccharification of pulped bamboo residues by degrading the remained xylan and lignin-carbohydrates complexes.", "abstract": "Kraft pulping was performed on bamboo residues and its impact on the chemical compositions and the enzymatic digestibility of the samples were investigated. To improve the digestibility of sample by degrading the xylan and lignin-carbohydrates complexes (LCCs), xylanase and \u03b1-L-arabinofuranosidase (AF) were supplemented with cellulase. The results showed more carbohydrates were remained in the samples pulped with low effective alkali (EA) charge, compared to conventional kraft pulping. When 120 IU/g xylanase and 15 IU/g AF were supplemented with 20 FPU/g cellulase, the xylan degradation yield of the sample pulped with 12% EA charge increased from 68.20% to 88.35%, resulting in an increased enzymatic saccharification efficiency from 58.98% to 83.23%. The amount of LCCs in this sample decreased from 8.63/100C9 to 2.99/100C9 after saccharification with these enzymes. The results indicated that degrading the remained xylan and LCCs in the pulp could improve its enzymatic digestibility.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 95315239, "title": "High-efficiency red electroluminescence from europium complex containing a neutral dipyrido(3,2-a:2\u2032,3\u2032-c)phenazine ligand in PLEDs", "abstract": "Abstract In order to obtain high-efficiency monochromatic red emission in polymer light-emitting devices, a tris(dibenzoylmethanato)(dipyrido(3,2-a:2\u2032,3\u2032-c)phenazine) europium [Eu(DBM) 3 (DPPZ)] doped single-emissive-layer devices were fabricated using a blend of poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorence) and 2- tert -butyl-phenyl-5-biphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole as a host matrix by solution process. Significantly improved electro-luminescent properties with sharp red emission at 611.5\u00a0nm were displayed in the Eu(DBM) 3 (DPPZ)-doped devices at dopant concentrations from 1 to 8\u00a0wt.%. The highest luminance up to 1783\u00a0cd/m 2 at 2\u00a0wt.% dopant concentration, as well as the maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.5% and current efficiency of 3.8\u00a0cd/A were obtained at 1\u00a0wt.% dopant concentration.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 32788951, "title": "Using an Amylase Pretreatment of Pig Manure to Enhance Biogas Production", "abstract": "An experimental study was conducted that promoted the efficiency of anaerobic digestion by hydrolyzing pig manure in advance with amylase before loading it into the digester. A modified Gompertz equation was applied to determinate the kinetic parameters of biogas production. The results showed that the removal percentage of TS and VS, the biogas production potentials and rates have been improved through an amylase pre-treatment. Especially through a amylase and \u03b3-amylase pretreatment together, the removal percentage of TS and VS, as compared with control group, was increased by 10.84% and 11.11% respectively, biogas production potential increased by 13.10%, and specific biogas production rate increased by 9.30%. Experimental results also indicate that the digestive process goes through four stages: lag stage, peak stage, sub-peak stage, and fade stage. Different stages which occurred in this experiment might reflect the characteristics of sequential bio degradation of different organic substrates from easy and simple to difficult and complex.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 31770294, "title": "A Novel Macro-Block Group Based AVS Coding Scheme for Many-Core Processor", "abstract": "The slice-level parallelism is popular in parallel video coding. However, the quality loses greatly because the dependency between macro-blocks is broken, especially on many-core platforms. To address this problem, a novel Macro-Block Group (MBG) decomposition scheme is presented for parallel AVS coding. In the proposed scheme, video frames are equally divided into rectangular MBG regions, each consists of more rows and less columns than the slice-level scheme. Since MBG is not supported by AVS, a vertical partitioning scheme is introduced, and the mode confining and MVD adjusting techniques are utilized to keep consistency with the standard. In practice, our parallel encoder is developed on the TILE64 platform, where P/B frames use the MBG-level parallelism and I frames use the macro-block-level parallelism. Experiments show that the proposed scheme can achieve a reduction of 52% (IPPP) and 41% (IBBP) in quality loss while keeping the same speed-up compared with the slice-level parallelism."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 9554361, "title": "Auto Regressive Model and Weighted Least Squares Based Packet Video Error Concealment", "abstract": "In this paper, auto regressive (AR) model is applied to error concealment for block-based packet video encoding. Each pixel within the corrupted block is restored as the weighted summation of corresponding pixels within the previous frame in a linear regression manner. Two novel algorithms using weighted least squares method are proposed to derive the AR coefficients. First, we present a coefficient derivation algorithm under the spatial continuity constraint, in which the summation of the weighted square errors within the available neighboring blocks is minimized. The confident weight of each sample is inversely proportional to the distance between the sample and the corrupted block. Second, we provide a coefficient derivation algorithm under the temporal continuity constraint, where the summation of the weighted square errors around the target pixel within the previous frame is minimized. The confident weight of each sample is proportional to the similarity of geometric proximity as well as the intensity gray level. The regression results generated by the two algorithms are then merged to form the ultimate restorations. Various experimental results demonstrate that the proposed error concealment strategy is able to increase the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) compared to other methods.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 1227867, "title": "A fast multiview video transcoder for bitrate reduction", "abstract": "Video transcoding is an efficient way to reduce the bitrate or convert the format of the original video stream to meet the requirements of different applications and various channel capacity. In this paper, we propose a fast multiview video transcoder (MVT) for bitrate reduction. Different from the H.264 transcoder, the inter-view prediction information in the input video stream is utilized to reduce the complexity of transcoding. Besides, we also utilize the mode and selected reference frame information in original stream to accelerate RD optimization calculations. Experimental results show that the proposed transcoder can achieve significant computation reduction while maintaining close RD performance compared to the fully decode and re-encode transcoder (FDET).", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 16875296, "title": "Context-based entropy coding in AVS video coding standard", "abstract": "In this paper, two context-based entropy coding schemes for AVS Part-2 video coding standard are presented. One is Context-based 2D Variable Length Coding (C2DVLC) as a low complexity entropy coding scheme for AVS Part-2 Jizhun profile. C2DVLC uses multiple 2D-VLC tables to exploit the statistical features of DCT coefficients for higher coding efficiency. Exponential-Golomb codes are applied in C2DVLC to code the pairs of the run-length of zero coefficients and the non-zero coefficients for lower storage requirement. The other is Context-based Binary Arithmetic Coding (CBAC) as an enhanced entropy coding scheme for AVS Part-2 Jiaqiang profile. CBAC utilizes all previously coded coefficient magnitudes in a DCT block for context modeling. This enables adaptive arithmetic coding to exploit the redundancy of the high-order Markov process in DCT domain with a few contexts. In addition, a context weighting technique is used to further improve CBAC's coding efficiency. Moreover, CBAC is designed to be compatible to C2DVLC in coding elements which simplifies the implementations. The experimental results demonstrate that both C2DVLC and CBAC can achieve comparable or even slightly higher coding performance when compared to Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC) in H.264/AVC baseline profile and Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) in H.264/AVC main profile respectively.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 2093121, "title": "Group-Based Sparse Representation for Image Restoration", "abstract": "Traditional patch-based sparse representation modeling of natural images usually suffer from two problems. First, it has to solve a large-scale optimization problem with high computational complexity in dictionary learning. Second, each patch is considered independently in dictionary learning and sparse coding, which ignores the relationship among patches, resulting in inaccurate sparse coding coefficients. In this paper, instead of using patch as the basic unit of sparse representation, we exploit the concept of group as the basic unit of sparse representation, which is composed of nonlocal patches with similar structures, and establish a novel sparse representation modeling of natural images, called group-based sparse representation (GSR). The proposed GSR is able to sparsely represent natural images in the domain of group, which enforces the intrinsic local sparsity and nonlocal self-similarity of images simultaneously in a unified framework. In addition, an effective self-adaptive dictionary learning method for each group with low complexity is designed, rather than dictionary learning from natural images. To make GSR tractable and robust, a split Bregman-based technique is developed to solve the proposed GSR-driven \u21130 minimization problem for image restoration efficiently. Extensive experiments on image inpainting, image deblurring and image compressive sensing recovery manifest that the proposed GSR modeling outperforms many current state-of-the-art schemes in both peak signal-to-noise ratio and visual perception.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 18121297, "title": "A unified framework for locating and recognizing human actions", "abstract": "In this paper, we present a pose based approach for locating and recognizing human actions in videos. In our method, human poses are detected and represented based on deformable part model. To our knowledge, this is the first work on exploring the effectiveness of deformable part models in combining human detection and pose estimation into action recognition. Comparing with previous methods, ours have three main advantages. First, our method does not rely on any assumption on video preprocessing quality, such as satisfactory foreground segmentation or reliable tracking; Second, we propose a novel compact representation for human pose which works together with human detection and can well represent the spatial and temporal structures inside an action; Third, with human detection taken into consideration in our framework, our method has the ability to locate and recognize multiple actions in the same scene. Experiments on benchmark datasets and recorded cluttered videos verified the efficacy of our method.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 22182081, "title": "Discriminating features learning in hand gesture classification", "abstract": "The advent and popularity of Kinect provides a new choice and opportunity for hand gesture recognition (HGR) research. In this study, the authors propose a discriminating features extraction for HGR, in which features from red, green and blue (RGB) images and depth images are both explored. More specifically, histogram of oriented gradient feature, local binary pattern feature, structure feature and three-dimensional voxel feature are first extracted from RGB images and depth images, then these features are further reduced with a novel deflation orthogonal discriminant analysis, which enhances the discriminative ability of the features with supervised subspace projection. The extensive experimental results show that the proposed method improves the HGR performance significantly.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 37599152, "title": "AIE cation functionalized layered zirconium phosphate nanoplatelets: ion-exchange intercalation and cell imaging.", "abstract": "An aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe, possessing a quaternary tetraphenylethene (TPEN) cation, was successfully intercalated into layered \u03b1-zirconium phosphate (\u03b1-ZrP) nanosheets by ion-exchange. The hybrid materials emit strong blue emissions in aqueous solution which can be used as an effective fluorescence label for HeLa cells."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 91951460, "title": "Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic phenol hydroxylation of a novel complex oxide HxV2Zr2O9.H2O", "abstract": "A novel type of complex oxide HxV2Zr2O9.H 2O with V4+ and V5+ mixed valence has been hydrothermally synthesized in a V2O5-ZrO2-H2O system at 240\u00b0C for 5 days in presence of NaF. The catalytic data over these complex oxides show that these complex oxides are catalytically very active in phenol hydroxylation by 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide, and their catalytic activity is dependent on crystal size of the catalysts. The phenol conversion over the catalyst with crystal size of 7 \u03bcm is twice that over the catalyst with crystal size of 35 \u03bcm. The V5+ species are suggested to be the catalytic active sites. Some other factors which influence the catalytic activity were also investigated.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 98086655, "title": "Fabrication of super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic boehmite membranes from anodic alumina oxide film via a two-phase thermal approach", "abstract": "The present work demonstrates a simple two-phase thermal method to prepare oriented boehmite [AlO(OH)] membranes directly from anodic alumina oxide (AAO) substrate with a copper catalyst. The acidity of the aqueous phase and reaction time play important roles in the formation of the oriented AlO(OH) membranes. Closely packed AlO(OH) crystals are parallel-aligned and vertically oriented on the substrates. The wetting properties of as-prepared oriented AlO(OH) membranes were first investigated by measuring the contact angles of water and oil on the surfaces. The oriented AlO(OH) membranes (without any modification by low-surface energy polymer) show both super-hydrophobicity, with a water CA as high as 152.8\u00b0, and super-oleophilicity with a heptane CA reaching to 0\u00b0 within 0.25 s.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 98156838, "title": "A one-pot synthetic strategy via tandem Suzuki\u2013Heck reactions for the construction of luminescent microporous organic polymers", "abstract": "A series of luminescent microporous organic polymers (LMOPs) have been synthesized by a new synthetic methodology through the palladium catalyzed tandem Suzuki\u2013Heck C\u2013C coupling reactions of several aromatic halides with potassium vinyltrifluoroborate. These polymers are porous with the BET surface areas from 318 to 693 cm2 g\u22121. The formation of conjugated polymers with the incorporation of vinyl groups leads to the fluorescent properties, and the luminescence of LMOPs could be adjusted from blue to green by selecting the aromatic halides and alternating the ratio of monomers. The fluorescence quenching behaviors of these LMOPs by nitroaromatic analytes in ethanol are investigated. It is found that the fluorescence of the polymers can be effectively quenched by picric acid (PA).", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 96156608, "title": "Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of the layered titanates MLaTiO4 (M = Li, Na, K) powders", "abstract": "Layered titanates MLaTiO{sub 4} (M = Li, Na, K) powders were hydrothermally synthesized, derived from double hydrous oxides La{sub 2}O{sub 3}{center_dot}2TiO{sub 2}{center_dot}nH{sub 2}O in a basic medium. The formation conditions of these compounds with a pure phase were investigated. Details such as the structural and particulate properties of these powders were obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), and other techniques.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 95910976, "title": "Microemulsion-mediated hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of nanosize rutile and anatase particles", "abstract": "Uniform nanoparticles of rutile and anatase were prepared, respectively, by a new approach, a microemulsion-mediated method, in which the microemulsion medium was further treated by hydrothermal reaction. Herein, the combined procedure of microemulsion and hydrothermal synthesis to prepare nanoparticles is referred to as a microemulsion-mediated hydrothermal (MMH) method. This MMH method could lead to the formation of crystalline titania powders under much milder reaction conditions than the normally reported microemulsion-mediated methods, in which posttreatment of calcination was necessary. In this work, a kind of solution was formed by dissolving tetrabutyl titanate into hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, and the solution was dispersed in an organic phase for the preparation of the microemulsion medium. The aqueous cores of water/Triton X-100/hexanol/cyclohexane microemulsions were used as constrained microreactors for a controlled growth of titania particles under hydrothermal conditions. The product o...", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 205843712, "title": "Synthesis of ultrathin CdS nanosheets as efficient visible-light-driven water splitting photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.", "abstract": "Ultrathin CdS nanosheets with a thickness of ~4 nm have been synthesized through an ultrasonic-induced aqueous exfoliation method involving lamellar CdS-DETA hybrid nanosheets as starting materials and L-cysteine as a stabilizing agent. The as-obtained CdS ultrathin nanosheets exhibit efficient photocatalytic activity and good stability for hydrogen production.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 36815965, "title": "Phase retrieval in protein crystallography.", "abstract": "Solution of the phase problem is central to crystallographic structure determination. An oversampling method is proposed, based on the hybrid input-output algorithm (HIO) [Fienup (1982). Appl. Opt. 21, 2758-2769], to retrieve the phases of reflections in crystallography. This method can extend low-resolution structures to higher resolution for structure determination of proteins without additional sample preparation. The method requires an envelope of the protein which divides a unit cell into the density region where the proteins are located and the non-density region occupied by solvents. After a few hundred to a few thousand iterations, the correct phases and density maps are recovered. The method has been used successfully in several cases to retrieve the phases from the experimental X-ray diffraction data and the envelopes of proteins constructed from structure files downloaded from the Protein Data Bank. It is hoped that this method will greatly facilitate the ab initio structure determination of proteins.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 15213217, "title": "Membrane Damage Induced by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa", "abstract": "To clarify the mechanism of microbial inactivation by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2), membrane damage of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was investigated within specific pressure (10\u00a0Mpa), temperature (37\u00a0\u00b0C), and treatment time (10\u201370\u00a0min) ranges, including cell morphological structure, membrane permeability and fluidity. SEM and TEM observations showed morphological changes in the cell envelope and intracellular organization after SCCO2 treatment. Increase of membrane permeability was measured as increased uptake of the trypan blue dye with microscopy, and leakage of intracellular substances such as UV-absorbing materials and ions by determining the change of protein and electrical conductivity. The SCCO2 mediated reduction in CFU\u00a0ml\u22121 was 0.5\u20131 log higher at 37\u00a0\u00b0C and 10\u00a0MPa for 60\u00a0min in Rose Bengal Medium containing 4\u00a0% sodium than a similar treatment in Rose Bengal Medium. Membrane fluidity analyzed by fluorescence polarization method using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene showed that the florescence polarization and florescence anisotropy of the SCCO2-treated cells were increased slightly and gently compared with the untreated cells. The correlation between membrane damage and death of cells under SCCO2 was clear, and the membrane damage was a key factor induced the inactivation of cells.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 95711092, "title": "Polyoxometalate-assisted electrochemical deposition of ZnO spindles in an ionic liquid", "abstract": "Abstract With the assistance of polyoxometalate (POM), ZnO spindles have been successfully synthesized in ionic liquid by electrochemical deposition. The as-obtained ZnO spindles are composed of small nanoparticles and have a porous structure with a specific surface area of 97.95\u00a0m 2 /g. Parallel experiments were also performed to understand the formation mechanism of the spindle-like ZnO. The experimental results showed that POM played a key role for the formation of the spindle-like ZnO. A possible formation mechanism was also proposed. The photoluminescence spectrum of the ZnO spindles exhibits a strong ultraviolet emission at 390\u00a0nm and a very weak visible emission at around 560\u00a0nm.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 97995881, "title": "Synthesis and characterization of poly(aryl ether sulfone)s with metallophthalocyanine pendant unit", "abstract": "A series of novel poly(aryl ether sulfone) copolymers containing dicyanophenyl group were prepared by the reaction of bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfone with (3,4-dicyano) phenylhydroquinone and 4,4\u2032-isopropylidenediphenol. On this basis, a series of poly(aryl ether sulfone)s containing metallophthalocyanine units were synthesized by the reaction of poly(aryl ether sulfone)s containing dicyanophenyl group with excessive amounts of 1,2-dicyanobenzene and the corresponding metal salt in quinoline. All these copolymers were found to have high glass transition temperature and thermal stability. These copolymers were found to be soluble in common solvents, and capable of forming transparent films by solution casting. The copolymers containing metallophthalocyanine units showed strong optical absorption in the visible region, and exhibited blue photoluminescence in solution. \u00a9 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3457\u20133461, 2006", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 205890120, "title": "Ru-assisted synthesis of {111}-faceted Pd truncated bipyramids: a highly reactive, stable and restorable catalyst for formic acid oxidation.", "abstract": "{111}-Faceted Pd truncated triangular bipyramids (TTBPs) are first presented under the assistance of Ru. Attributed to their unique shape, the TTBPs are highly active and stable for formic acid oxidation. The electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) can be restored to its initial value after a harsh degradation test."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 95072802, "title": "A Novel 3\u2010D Self\u2010Penetrating Topological Network Assembled by Mixed Bridging Ligands", "abstract": "The assembly of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid (H3sipa) and 4,4\u2032-bipyridine (bpy) with Cd2+ ions gave rise to a new polymeric complex {[Cd3(sipa)2(bpy)4(H2O)2]\u00b73H2O}n (1). X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 has a 3-D self-penetrating network formed by the interlocking and interweaving of two types of one-dimensional chains comprising two kinds of Cd4(sipa)4 and Cd4(bpy)4 units, respectively. The sipa3\u2212 ligand serves as the connector and the Cd2+ ion as the node. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the luminescence property of 1 are discussed. (\u00a9 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 97089458, "title": "Characterization of a novel water tape containing (H2O)18 clusters", "abstract": "A novel water tape containing (H 2 O) 18 cluster units has been observed in the lattice of 1 , in which each (H 2 O) 18 cluster consists of one (H 2 O) 12 and two (H 2 O) 5 subunits.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 98729987, "title": "Coordination polymers of 1,4-piperazinedipropionic acid: domination by flexibility, coordination, and/or configuration?", "abstract": "Three coordination polymers based on a designed flexible ligand 1,4-piperazinedipropionic acid (H2pdp), formulated as Cd2(H2O)2(pdp)(NO3)2 (1), Zn2(OH)2(pdp) (2), and Cu(pdp)\u00b73H2O (3), have been successfully synthesized and characterized by both single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 possesses a chain structure based on alternating dinuclear cadmium-carboxylate clusters and pdp2\u2212 ligands, compound 2 has a layered structure constructed from linking one-dimensional chains by pdp2\u2212 ligands, compound 3 features a chain-like structure of mono copper centers joined by pdp2\u2212 ligands. Unlike in compounds 1 and 2, the piperazine rings of the pdp2\u2212 ligands in compound 3 adopt the thermodynamically less stable boat configurations rather than the stable chair configurations. It is also of note that, in the structure of compound 3, an interesting water tape with T5(2) pattern is formed.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 95434139, "title": "Chiral supramolecular assemblies derived from the insertion of a segmental ligand into a copper-tyrosine framework", "abstract": "The use of a predisposed 4,4-bipyridine segmental ligand in copper-tyrosine chiral complex self-assembly processes allows the preparation of a new type of complex {[Cu2(tyrosine)2(4,4-bipyridine)\u00b72H2O]\u00b72ClO4}n, which results in the fine tuning of network structure and stereo conformation. (\u00a9 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 97357967, "title": "Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Palladium(II) Complex Polymer Having Network Structure with Guest Water Molecules", "abstract": "The polymeric palladium complex of [Pd3K6(i-mnt)3(H2O)2]n (i-mnt = [(S2C=C(CN)2]2\u2212) has been prepared from the reaction of PdCl2 and K2[(S2C=C(CN)2] in CH3CN. The complex has three dimensional network structure, in which two Pd, two K, four S, four N and twelve C atoms form a 24-membered ring, and the rings are further arranged in eclipsed configuration along c axis to give a channel with H2O as guest molecules.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 94533195, "title": "Fabrication of submicron barium sulfate aggregates in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid anions", "abstract": "Abstract Barium sulfate aggregates with an average size of 0.5\u00a0\u03bcm were synthesized at pH 7, directed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anions. The particle morphology, chemical composition, and size distribution of the BaSO 4 aggregates were characterized. The as-synthesized BaSO 4 particles were spherical and comprised many interconnected nanoballs, of which the surface properties were affected by the EDTA anions. The adsorption of EDTA anions reversed the charge and weakened the surface polarity of BaSO 4 , instigating the formation of aggregates by a self-assembly and transformation process. The resulting BaSO 4 particles at pH 9\u201310 were ellipsoidal and featured smooth surfaces. Based on the zeta potential of BaSO 4 , variations in the morphology induced by changes in pH were closely related to the adsorption of mono- and multi-valent anions onto the electrical double layer of BaSO 4 .", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 39226846, "title": "Temperature Monitor System of Heating Network Based on Optical Fiber Communication", "abstract": "A temperature monitoring system installed in Daqing Petrochemical Company, based on a combination of RS485 serial bus and optical fiber communication has been presented in this article, in which the intelligent temperature sensor DS18B20 was used. The interface circuit between the micro control unit (MCU) and DS18B20 has been designed, which can enhance the sensor-driven ability of the MCU and improve the reliability of signal transmission. Consequently, the interface and communication protocol between the MCU and data bus is designed. It is worth mentioning that a the combination of RS485 serial bus and optical fiber communication was introduced at the first time in the application of heating net work monitoring for a petrol chemical plant, which has succeeded in reducing the system cost whereas enhancing the communication reliability.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 97278303, "title": "Fabrication and surface properties of hydrophobic barium sulfate aggregates based on sodium cocoate modification", "abstract": "Abstract Hydrophobic barium sulfate aggregates were fabricated by the direction of cocoate anions. At 30\u00a0\u00b0C, when the weight ratio of sodium cocoate to BaSO 4 particles was 2.0\u00a0wt.%, the active ratio of the product reached 99.43% and the contact angle was greater than 120\u00b0. This method could not only simplify the complex modification process, but reduce energy consumption. The surface morphology, chemical structure and composition of BaSO 4 aggregates were characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The results indicated that the as-synthesized BaSO 4 particles were almond-liked and were composed of many interconnected nanoballs and that their surfaces were affected by cocoate anions. The adsorption of cocoate anions reversed the charge and weakened the surface polarity of BaSO 4 particles, driving the formation of aggregates. And cocoate anions induced a change of the BaSO 4 particles surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic by a self-assembly and transformation process. Due to the self-assembled structure and the surface hydrophobicity, when adding the hydrophobic BaSO 4 into PVC, the mechanical properties of PVC composite materials were significantly improved.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 86662268, "title": "Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in freshness keeping of tilapia fillets as sashimi", "abstract": "Aquatic products are extremely perishable food commodities. Developing methods to keep the freshness of fish represents a major task of the fishery processing industry. Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as food preservative is a novel approach. In the present study, the possibility of using lactic acid bacteria in freshness keeping of tilapia fillets as sashimi was examined. Fish fillets were dipped in Lactobacillus plantarum 1.19 (obtained from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) suspension as LAB-treated group. Changes in K-value, APC, sensory properties and microbial flora were analyzed. Results showed that LAB treatment slowed the increase of K-value and APC in the earlier storage, and caused a smooth decrease in sensory score. Gram-negative bacteria dominated during refrigerated storage, with Pseudomonas and Aeromonas being relatively abundant. Lactobacillus plantarum 1.19 had no obvious inhibitory effect against these Gram-negatives. However, Lactobacillus plantarum 1.19 changed the composition of Gram-positive bacteria. No Micrococcus were detected and the proportion of Staphylococcus decreased in the spoiled LAB-treated samples. The period that tilapia fillets could be used as sashimi material extended from 24 h to 48 h after LAB treatment. The potential of using LAB in sashimi processing was confirmed.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 24427118, "title": "[Denitrification performance of PBS as a solid carbon source of denitrification].", "abstract": "Poly-butylenes succinate (PBS) was used as solid denitrification carbon source and biofilm carrier, to investigate the denitrification performance and the influence of adding inert carrier. The experimental results showed that PBS could serve as solid carbon source for denitrification of low C/N ratio wastewater, but the startup time was longer, about 33 d. There was no accumulation of nitrite nitrogen in the process of denitrification, but it produced less than 0.8 mg x L(-1) ammonia nitrogen. Increasing the amount of biofilm in PBS supported denitrification system by adding the inert carrier could improve the denitrification rate. The denitrification rates of PBS, PBS + 30 g gravel, PBS + 60 g gravel and PBS +90 g gravel systems were 5.33, 7.04, 10.05 and 6.93 mg x (L x h)(-1), respectively, and all reactions were zero order. During the denitrification process (0-9 h), DOC increased before it was reduced. At the end of the denitrification reaction (24 h), DOC of the denitrification system with inert carrier 60 g gravel and 90 g gravel was 16.34 mg x L(-1) and 19.22 mg x L(-1), respectively, higher than that without gravel of 13.48 mg x L(-1). The pH of all denitrification systems were lower than the initial value, which was the result of comprehensive function of acidic substances and alkalinity produced in the process of degradation of solid carbon source and denitrification, respectively.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 94888893, "title": "Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of three lanthanide coordination polymers with adipic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline", "abstract": "Three new lanthanide coordination polymers, [Ln(Ad)3/2(Phen)] n \u00b72nH2O (Ln = Eu, 1; Pr, 2; Ad = adipate; Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and [Yb(Ad)3/2(Phen)] n \u00b7nH2O 3, were prepared by hydrothermal reactions. The structures of 1, 2 and 3 are reported. In compound 1, Eu(III) ions are bridged by adipate ligands in two modes into 2-D polymeric layers. Adjacent layers are assembled by hydrogen bonding and \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 stacking between 1,10-phenanthrolines into a 3-D supramolecular structure. Compound 2 is isostructural with 1. In compound 3, the Yb(III) ions are connected by adipate ligands in three modes into a 3-D network."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 7275864, "title": "1-[(Diethylaminocarbonyl)methyl]-2-[hydroxy(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methyl]-5-vinyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride monohydrate", "abstract": "In the title compound, C26H36N3O3 +\u00b7Cl\u2212\u00b7H2O, the molecular structure of the cation is stabilized by a number of C\u2014H\u22efO intramolecular interactions. In the crystal structure, O\u2014H\u22efCl and C\u2014H\u22efCl hydrogen bonds link the ions into a ribbon-like structure along the a axis.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 121184971, "title": "The instability of dust acoustic waves in inhomogeneous dusty plasmas with non-adiabatic dust charge fluctuation", "abstract": "This paper investigates the propagation of linear dust acoustic waves in inhomogeneous dusty plasmas due to spatial gradients of dust charge, plasma densities. A linear dispersion relation is obtained with the non-adiabatic dust charge fluctuation and the non-thermally distributed ions. The numerical results show that the inhomogeneity, non-thermal ions and non-adiabatic dust charge fluctuation have strong influence on the frequency and the damping rate of waves.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 18945636, "title": "An ID-Based Pairwise Key Predistribution Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks", "abstract": "Providing a suitable key establishment scheme in wireless sensor networks is challenging due to all the characteristics of these networks, such as limitations of power, computation capability and storage resources. Several key management schemes were proposed, but most of them are not resilient to nodes capture. In order to improve the resilience to nodes compromising, in this paper we propose an ID-based pairwise key predistribution scheme that is based on a hierarchical grid model for wireless sensor networks. In the proposed scheme, the symmetric matrix is employed by hierarchical grid model to establish pairwise key. So it can achieve high resilience to nodes compromising.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 96135427, "title": "Photooxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines by molecular oxygen", "abstract": "Photooxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHP, 1a\u20131d) by direct irradiation (\u03bb > 300 nm) under an oxygen atmosphere has been carefully examined in this work. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies demonstrate that photoinduced singlet electron transfer from 1,4-DHP to molecular oxygen occurs. The generated superoxide radical anion (O2\u2212\u00b7) is responsible for this typical photochemical oxidation.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 11398116, "title": "Effect factors of Nanyang crude oil's microscopic characteristics", "abstract": "Using micro-digital-imaging instrument and OLYCIA Series P3 software to acquire and handle crude oil's micro-pictures, it was aimed to research the microscopic characteristics of wax crystal in Nanyang crude oil under various treating conditions, including heating treatment temperature, standing time, cooling rate and cooling method. And the relationship between microscopic structure and crude oil rheology was discussed and analyzed through using OLYMPUS polarizing microscope and rheometer. The result showed that wax crystal's morphology, quantity and average particle size changed at some degree corresponding to different testing conditions, and consequently to cause crude oil rheology improvement or deterioration, and there are the optimal heating temperature for Nanyang crude oil.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 98340625, "title": "Polymorphic Ln(III) and BPTC-based porous metal\u2013organic frameworks with visible, NIR photoluminescent and magnetic properties", "abstract": "By reaction of 3,3\u2032,5,5\u2032-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid (H4BPTC) with various lanthanide ions, seven novel three dimensional (3D) lanthanide metal\u2013organic frameworks (MOFs) have been prepared under solvothermal conditions, namely, [Ln3(BPTC)3(H2O)2]\u00b73H3O\u00b74H2O\u00b73DMF (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide, Ln = Eu (1), Tb (2), Sm (3) Dy (4)), [Nd(BPTC)(H2O)2]\u00b7H3O\u00b7DMF (5), [Er2(BPTC)(HCOO)3(H2O)2]\u00b7(CH3)2NH2 (6), and [Tm12(BPTC)8(HCOO)11(H2O)10]\u00b710DMF\u00b77(CH3)2NH2 (7). Combining different lanthanide ions and diversity of coordination modes of the H4BPTC ligand, the seven compounds display interesting structural characteristics. Of these, compounds 1\u20134 are isostructural and demonstrate a unique 3D coordination framework containing two types of 1D channel, that is built by the novel trinuclear [Ln3O22] SBUs. Compound 5 can be described as a new 3D open-framework structure with quadrilateral-shaped 1D channels based on [Nd2O16] SBUs. Compound 6 has a new 3D pillar network feature constructed by trapezoidal chains linked by bridging BPTC4\u2212 ligands, whilst compound 7 exhibits a 3D network with a number of rare oval-shaped channels along the [101] direction. The H4BPTC ligand exhibits five new coordination modes, which are firstly reported in M-BPTC frameworks. Compounds 1\u20137 all display their typical emission bands upon irradiation at the ligand band at room temperature. Compounds 1\u20134 present strong characteristic emissions in the visible region, of which compounds 1 and 2 show millisecond luminescence lifetimes. The NIR photoluminescent of lanthanide MOFs is less well observed, especially for the Tm(III) compounds. Owing to the good sensitization of the H4BPTC ligand, compounds 5\u20137 display near-infrared region (NIR) emission with microsecond luminescence lifetimes. In addition, compounds 2, 5, 6 and 7 exhibit global antiferromagnetic behaviors, of which compound 5 shows a weak ferromagnetic coupling at 235 K.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 97426890, "title": "Construction of three new coordination polymers based on 5-ethyltetrazole (ET) generated via in situ cycloaddition reaction", "abstract": "Abstract By the addition of different secondary ligands, three new d 10 metal coordination polymers, [M 2 (ET)(pzdc)(\u03bc 3 -OH)] [M\u00a0=\u00a0Cd( 1 ), Zn( 2 )] and [Zn(Et)(Hbic)] (3) (ET\u00a0=\u00a05-ethyltetrazole; H 2 pzdc\u00a0=\u00a0Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid; Hbic\u00a0=\u00a01H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid), have been successfully prepared under hydrothermal reactions and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The ET ligand in compounds 1\u20133 is in situ generated from the [2\u00a0+\u00a03] cycloaddition reaction of the precursor propionitrile and NaN 3 in water with the aid of zinc/cadmium salt. Compounds 1 and 2 present three-dimensional (3D) (4,4,4,4)-connected net based on O-centered M 3 isosceles triangle. Compound 3 exhibits a 3D diamond framework constructed by infinite \u2013ET\u2013Zn\u2013ET\u2013 1D zigzag chains and Hbic as bridging coligand. Furthermore, the thermal stabilities of compounds 1\u20133 and the luminescence properties of compounds 1 and 2 have been investigated.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 96563057, "title": "Hydrothermal syntheses and crystal structures of a series of 3d-4f heterometallic tetrazole-based coordination polymers", "abstract": "Abstract A series of novel three-dimensional (3D) Ln(III)\u2013Cu(I) heterometallic tetrazole-based coordination polymers, namely, [LnCu(3-tzba) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ] n [Ln\u00a0=\u00a0Ho ( 1 ); Nd ( 2 ); Sm ( 3 ); Pr ( 4 ); 3-tzba\u00a0=\u00a03-(1 H -tetrazol-5-yl)benzoate], were successfully synthesized through in situ [2\u00a0+\u00a03] cycloaddition reaction under hydrothermal conditions. Compounds 1 \u2013 4 are isomorphous 3D coordination frameworks with 1D anionic chains [Ln(3-tzba) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ] \u2212 linking the adjacent Cu(I) ions possessing an sql type net with Schlafli symbol (4 4 ). To our best knowledge, they are the first lanthanide-transition heterometal-organic coordination polymers obtained through in situ tetrazole synthesis. In addition, the thermal stability and magnetic property of 1 were also investigated.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 94451836, "title": "Syntheses, structure, and properties of a series of three-dimensional lanthanide-based hybrid frameworks", "abstract": "A novel family of lanthanide hybrid frameworks, {[Ln 2 (IDA) 3 ]\u00b7(H 2 O) 2 } n (Ln\u00a0=\u00a0Nd ( 1 ), Eu ( 2 ), Tb ( 3 ), Dy( 4 ); H 2 IDA\u00a0=\u00a0iminodiacetic acid), has been synthesized from the self-assembly of the lanthanide ions (Ln 3+ ) with iminodiacetic acid under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural analyses revealed 1 \u2013 4 have intricate frameworks with three-dimensional (3D) Ln\u2013O\u2013Ln inorganic connectivity, in which the IDA 2 - \u2212 ligands adopt the different \u03bc( 3 - and \u03bc( 4 - bridging forms. The 3D inorganic skeleton of the hybrid can be described as helices of corner-sharing LnN 1 O 8 polyhedra connected by edge-sharing dinuclear Ln 2 N 4 O 12 units, specified by the Schlafli symbol of 8\u00b7.8\u00b7.10 3 as a 8 2 \u00b7.10-a ( lig ) topology. The structures also show intersected lanthanide oxide ring channels occupied by guest water molecules, based on which the reversible de-/rehydration occurs. Photoluminescence measurements indicate 2 and 3 are red and green emitters, respectively, in the solid state at room temperature. Besides, the magnetic properties of 1 have been studied.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 96816869, "title": "Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of catena-poly[bis(carboxybenzenesulfonato)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline)lead(II)0.5(4,4\u2032-bipy)]", "abstract": "Abstract A new lead complex, {[Pb(4-sb)(phen)](4,4\u2032-bipy)0.5}n (1) (where 4-sb=4-sulfobenzoate dianion, phen=1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4\u2032-bipy=4,4\u2032-bipyridine), was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray, infrared, and thermogravimetric analyses and fluorescence studies. In this compound, the lead atom is hexacoordinated by two N atoms of one phen ligand and four O atoms from three 4-sb dianions. Each 4-sb serves as a bridging ligand, connecting adjacent PbII atoms into a centrosymmetric polymeric chain. Intermolecular \u03c0-\u03c0 interactions and hydrogen bonds are observed in the complex, which stabilize the crystal packing and give rise to three-dimensional architecture.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 111281446, "title": "Analysis of the Impact of Concrete Compressive Strength Reduction in Joint Core Area on Super High-Rise Structures", "abstract": "t is focused on a super high-rise building structure, of which the concrete compressive strength is reduced in joint core. The whole structure is calculated with program SATWE. Based on this calculation, integral stress analysis by MIDAS when concrete strength is reduced in joint core area and nonlinear finite element analysis by ANSYS on the joints of the worst cross-sections in the whole structure are developed. Thus the adverse effect of reduced concrete strength in joint core area on super high-rise structures is found out."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 110611090, "title": "Influence and Analysis on the Bearing Capacity of Reinforced-Concrete-Frame Node in Beam and Plate's Constraint", "abstract": "According to the domestic and foreign various building codes and a kind of limit fitting formula, to calculate and analyze the compressive bearing capacity of sandwich reinforced concrete beam-column nodes in a high-rising frame structure engineering, and to compare with the results calculated by Midas. They shown those are the facts that cant be neglected, the compressive bearing capacity of the sandwich node core area concrete in beam and plates constraint would improve and the amplitude of improving would be great. But current Chinese building codes haven't included them in the formal design provisions, these ways have to be perfected. In the same time, beam and plate constraint would also have a certain effect to the shear bearing capacity. By contrast, the shear bearing capacity in considering beam and plate constraint would increase 12% to 24%, it would get to 91% of the limit fitting formula calculation value when the short side was sheared, and it is 92% when the long side was sheared. That shown it is quite perfect in considering the effect of the orthogonal beam-plate constraints in domestic seismic code.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 136879748, "title": "Soil pressure mini-sensor made of monocrystalline silicon and the measurement of its sensitivity coefficient", "abstract": "A calibration test was done in order to measure its sensitivity coefficient by an improved soil test derice. The experimental result shows that the soil pressure min-sensor made of the monocrystalline silicon (SPM-MS) is proved to be good linear, high precision and less discrete that can fetch precise data in low pressure range even near by O point, which guarantees the reliability of the soil pressure test in geotechnical engineering.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 114283492, "title": "Influence Analysis of the Character Parameters of the Pile and Soils' Interfaces to the Displacement of Foundation Pit", "abstract": "Using a finite element numerical software,PLAXIS,combined a pit of office building in Wuhan,to simulate the process of staged construction to excavation.The results and the local survey values are very identical,which prove that the calculated method is reliable.On this basis,to discuss and analyze the influence rules of the pile-soil interfaces' strength reduction factor and the virtual thickness factor to the horizontal displacement of retaining structure, the earth surface settlement and the pit-bottom rebound deformation.The research shows: with the increasing of the strength reduction factor,the deformation will all be decreasing gradually;while with the increasing of the interface virtual thickness factor,the deformation will all be increasing gradually.By comparison,the influence to the displacement of retaining structure is the most obvious,the influence to the deformation of pit bottom is the least,and the influence of the strength reduction factor to the displacement of deep foundation pit are more obvious than the influence of the interface thickness factor.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 108777091, "title": "Analysis on Axial Compression Bearing Capacity of Steel Reinforced Concrete Sandwich Node", "abstract": "According to the limit values of axial compression ratio of steel reinforced concrete given by technical specification for steel reinforced concrete composite structure (JGJ138-2001), the axial force of steel reinforced concrete sandwich nodes calculated by MIDAS and the axial bearing capacity calculated by limit values of axial compression ratio are compared with an actual project. The results show that steel concrete columns with designed strength of C60, the strength more than of column concrete strength higher than C50 is the least requirement as to meet the axial compression ratio. The result provides a theoretical basis for the future of safety work and the sandwich joint construction.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 109645461, "title": "Green Construction Application in Project of Xi\u2019an", "abstract": "Implementation of green construction is a concrete manifestation of the concept of sustainable development in the construction phase. The key measures for green construction technology are energy saving, material saving, water saving and land saving during construction,as well as protecting environment and guaranteeing professional health. The comprehensive technologies for green construction in staff housing project of Xi'an Railway Bureau are introduced, as well as management measures, the measure of protecting the environment and resource conservation measures are described in detail. These measures may have some reference on promotion of green construction.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 110749550, "title": "Study on Mechanical Performance of the End-Plate Connection Joint between H-Section Beam and Closed Specially-Shaped Column", "abstract": "This paper brings forward a new kind of specially-shaped column and its end-plate connection joint with H-section beam. The static loading and cyclic loading simulation tests of the joint are carried out using the finite element software. Under static load, the moment-rotation curves with different parameters are obtained, and then the effects of those parameters on the initial stiffness and the ultimate moment and the stress distribution of key positions of the joint are discussed; under cyclic load, the moment-rotation hysteretic curves are obtained and mechanical behaviors of the basic test specimen are comprehensively analyzed. The results indicate that the joint possesses not only reasonably high initial stiffness and ultimate capacity, but also excellent ductility and energy-dissipation capacity.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 111201546, "title": "The Analysis of the Characteristics and the Research Status of the Recycled Concrete", "abstract": "Every year our country will produce large amounts of waste concrete, bring negative effect to the ecological environment. How to realize the recycling of waste concrete utilization has great significance for the sustainable development of ecology, environmental protection and social. This paper introduces the characteristics of recycled concrete and domestic experts and scholars research on it, and put forward prospect of the future of recycled concrete.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 110441261, "title": "Research on the Characteristics and Status of Recycled Concrete Filled Steel Tube", "abstract": "Utilization of waste concrete has a great significance for environmental protection; concrete filled steel tube is a way of utilization of waste concrete. At the same time, the recycled concrete on the center tube has a \"hoop\" function, can compensate for the deviation of mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete. This paper introduces the characteristics of steel recycled concrete, and introduces the research status of domestic experts and scholars on it, based on the above; the future application of the recycled concrete in steel pipe is presented.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 26133, "title": "Virtual Surgery Deformable Modelling Employing GPU Based Computation", "abstract": "To achieve the real-time requirement of realistic deformable modelling, it is necessary to use the acceleration techniques such as GPU computing for FEM and employ the feasible hybrid structures in a virtual surgery simulation system. In this paper, we present a linear or nonlinear deformable model of soft tissue. In addition to the efficient meshing and basic finite element method, the high computation rate is achieved through two novel methods. Firstly, the major calculation work in the conjugate gradient solver for deformation is moved from the CPU to GPU in order to promote the calculation. Secondly, we apply the hybrid structures of deformable models, by fully calculating the volumetric deformation in the local operation part while only calculating the global deformation by medial representation method. Experiments have been given to show the feasibility and efficiency of the model.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 136000035, "title": "Effect of strain rate on interfacial fracture behaviors of Sn-58Bi/Cu solder joints", "abstract": "The interfacial reactions and mechanical properties of Sn-58Bi/Cu solder joints reflowed at different temperatures ranging from 180 to 220\u00a0\u00b0C for constant time of 10\u00a0min were investigated with various strain rates. Only a continuous Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound (IMC) layer was formed at the interface between the Sn-58Bi solder and the Cu substrate during reflow. The equivalent thickness of the Cu6Sn5 layer increased with increasing reflow temperature, and the relationship between Cu6Sn5 layer equivalent thickness (X) and reflow temperature (T) is obtained by using method of linear regression and presented as $$ X = 0.01 \\times T + 0.187 $$X=0.01\u00d7T+0.187. For the tensile property, the tensile strength of solder joint gradually decreased as the reflow temperature it increased, whereas it increased with increasing strain rate. Moreover, the fracture behavior of Sn-58Bi/Cu solder joint indicated the ductile fracture with low strain rate (5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22124 and 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22123\u00a0s\u22121), while toward brittle fracture with high strain rate (2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22123 and 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\u22122\u00a0s\u22121). The strain rate sensitivities of the solder joints fractured with various modes were also investigated, and it is found that the tensile strength of the solder is more sensitive to the strain rate than that of the IMC layer.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 96668896, "title": "Subtyping of type A influenza by sequencing the variable regions of HA gene specifically amplified with RT-PCR", "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus across the globe poses a threat to human health. It is of paramount importance to develop a rapid, reliable and inexpensive diagnostic procedure. Based on the bioinformatic information from public database, primers specific for influenza A virus surface protein haemagglutinin (HA) of several subtypes (including H1, H2, H3, H5, H7 and H9) were designed. Primer-specific PCR products were subjected to sequencing for accurately distinguishing H1 and H3 subtypes from others. This sequencing-based detection method will not only be applied to rapid detection and simultaneous subtype identification of new influenza A virus H1N1, but also provide the strategies to monitor other new types of influenza virus with explosive potential."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 17462762, "title": "Variants in the Regulatory Region of WNT5A Reduced Risk of Cardiac Conotruncal Malformations in the Chinese Population", "abstract": "WNT5A is one of the most highly investigated non-canonical Wnt ligands and is involved in the embryonic heart development, especially in formation of the cardiac conotruncal region by regulating the migration and differentiation of cardiac neural crest (CNC) and second heart field (SHF) cells. No study to date has comprehensively characterized the WNT5A regulatory variants in patients with congenital heart malformations (CHMs). The association between regulatory variants of the WNT5A gene and CHMs was examined in case-control association study in 1,210 CHMs and 798 controls. Individuals carrying a homozygous genotype CC (rs524153) or GG (rs504849) had a similarly reduced risk of conotruncal malformations. The homozygous genotypes (CC for rs524153 and GG for rs504849) were associated with a lower WNT5A transcriptional level compared with the transcriptional level of those with wild-type genotypes. Further functional analysis revealed that an additional upstream single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs371954924 (\u20135244GCCA\u2009>\u2009CC) in a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block with the above genotyped SNPs decreased WNT5A expression through the attenuated binding affinity with the transcription factor SOX9. This is the first demonstration that genetic variants in the regulatory regions of WNT5A play a vital role in sporadic conotruncal malformations susceptibility through the changeable expression of the WNT5A gene.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 1147306, "title": "SHANK1 and autism spectrum disorders", "abstract": "Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are highly heterogeneous pediatric developmental disorders with estimated heritability more than 70%. Although the genetic factors in ASD are mainly unknown, a large number of gene mutations have been found, especially in genes involved in neurogenesis. The Neurexin-Neuroligin-Shank (NRXN-NLGN-SHANK) pathway plays a key role in the formation, maturation and maintenance of synapses, consistent with the hypothesis of neurodevelopmental abnormality in ASD. Presynaptic NRXNs interact with postsynaptic NLGNs in excitatory glutamatergic synapses. SHANK proteins function as core components of the postsynaptic density (PSD) by interacting with multiple proteins. Recently, deletions and point mutations of the SHANK1 gene have been detected in ASD individuals, indicating the involvement of SHANK1 in ASD. This review focuses on the function of SHANK1 protein, Shank1 mouse models, and the molecular genetics of the SHANK1 gene in human ASD.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 46637689, "title": "The genetic variation of CCR5, CXCR4 and SDF-1 in three Chinese ethnic populations.", "abstract": "The chemokine receptors and ligand CCR5, CXCR4 and SDF-1 play important roles in the entry of HIV-1 into host cells. Genetic polymorphisms such as CCR5-\u039432 and SDF-1 3'A have been reported to be associated with HIV-1 susceptibility and the progression of AIDS. Considering the remarkable difference in CCR5-\u039432 allele frequency among worldwide populations, we aimed to survey the genetic variations in CCR5, CXCR4 and SDF-1 in different Chinese populations. The open reading frames and regulatory regions of CCR5, CXCR4 and SDF-1 were sequenced in 141 Chinese individuals from three ethnic groups: Han, Mongol and Uyghur. Ninety-six variants were identified, 41 of which were newly identified (NI) in Chinese populations. A novel non-synonymous variant c.459 C>T (Trp153Cys) within CCR5 was identified in one Han individual. Of NI variants, 11 were common polymorphisms with a minor allele frequency (MAF) >5%. The polymorphism CCR5-\u039432 was found in three Uyghur individuals but was absent in Han and Mongol groups. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis of CCR5 and SDF-1 and frequency of CCR5 haplotypes showed considerable divergence among three ethnic groups. Our results show the great genetic heterogeneity within CCR5, CXCR4 and SDF-1 in Chinese ethnic populations.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 803311, "title": "Identification of Functional Mutations in GATA4 in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease", "abstract": "Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most prevalent developmental anomalies and the leading cause of noninfectious morbidity and mortality in newborns. Despite its prevalence and clinical significance, the etiology of CHD remains largely unknown. GATA4 is a highly conserved transcription factor that regulates a variety of physiological processes and has been extensively studied, particularly on its role in heart development. With the combination of TBX5 and MEF2C, GATA4 can reprogram postnatal fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes directly. In the past decade, a variety of GATA4 mutations were identified and these findings originally came from familial CHD pedigree studies. Given that familial and sporadic CHD cases allegedly share a basic genetic basis, we explore the GATA4 mutations in different types of CHD. In this study, via direct sequencing of the GATA4 coding region and exon-intron boundaries in 384 sporadic Chinese CHD patients, we identified 12 heterozygous non-synonymous mutations, among which 8 mutations were only found in CHD patients when compared with 957 controls. Six of these non-synonymous mutations have not been previously reported. Subsequent functional analyses revealed that the transcriptional activity, subcellular localization and DNA binding affinity of some mutant GATA4 proteins were significantly altered. Our results expand the spectrum of GATA4 mutations linked to cardiac defects. Together with the newly reported mutations, approximately 110 non-synonymous mutations have currently been identified in GATA4. Our future analysis will explore why the evolutionarily conserved GATA4 appears to be hypermutable.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 137514226, "title": "Investigation on the Tribological Properties of POM Modified by Nano-PTFE", "abstract": "The tribological properties of polyoxymethylene (POM) modified by nano-polytetrafluorethylene (nano-PTFE) were investigated by a block-on-ring wear tester. For comparison, modified POM with micro-polytetrafluoroethylene (micro-PTFE) was also studied. The modified POM with a much lower concentration of nano-PTFE showed the similar tribological properties compared with POM modified by micro-PTFE. The friction coefficient decreased with the increase of nano-PTFE, while the wear rate showed the lowest value when the concentration of nano-PTFE was 2%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs revealed that transfer films played an important role in the friction process. The transfer films decreased and stabilized the friction coefficient. Comparing to POM/2%nano-PTFE, when the concentration of nano-PTFE reached 4%, the mechanical properties decreased significantly, possibly due to poor dispersion of nano-PTFE.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 11888389, "title": "Development and Application of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for Avian Respiratory Agents", "abstract": "SUMMARY. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed and optimized to simultaneously detect 6 avian respiratory pathogens. Six sets of specific oligonucleotide primers for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) were used respectively in the test. With the use of agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of the PCR-amplified DNA products, the sensitivity of detection was between 10 pg for IBV, AIV, MG, and ILTV and 100 pg for NDV and MS after 35 cycles of PCR. Similar sensitivity of these primers was achieved with chickens experimentally infected with respiratory pathogens. In experimental infections, the multiplex PCR was able to detect all the infected chickens in each group at 1 and 2 wk postinfection as compared with serologic tests at 2 wk postinfection that confirmed the presence of specific antibodies. The multiplex PCR was also able to detect and differentiate coinfections with two or more pathogens. No specific DNA amplification for respiratory avian pathogens was observed among noninoculated birds kept separately as a negative control group.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 32015834, "title": "Construction of Human Immunoglobulin Combinatorial Library and Screening of Phage Antibodies to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen.", "abstract": "Human immunoglobulin combinatorial library was generated by using phage surface-display expression system, and phage antibodies (Fab fragments) to hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) were screened from it. The products by half-nested PCR using signal peptide sequences as primers were superior in quality and quantity to those by PCR with conserved sequences in the 5'-end variable regions as primers. After three round of selections by biopanning, the ratio of positive clone was 69%. The inhibition assay showed the phage antibodies to be specifically anti-HbsAg. The V(H) genes were derived from V(H) I and V(H) III, while V(L)s belonged to V(lambda) II and V(lambda) I as shown by DNA sequencing.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 10095020, "title": "The Immune Adaptor ADAP Regulates Reciprocal TGF-\u03b21-Integrin Crosstalk to Protect from Influenza Virus Infection", "abstract": "Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI, such as H5N1) infection causes severe cytokine storm and fatal respiratory immunopathogenesis in human and animal. Although TGF-\u03b21 and the integrin CD103 in CD8+ T cells play protective roles in H5N1 virus infection, it is not fully understood which key signaling proteins control the TGF-\u03b21-integrin crosstalk in CD8+ T cells to protect from H5N1 virus infection. This study showed that ADAP (Adhesion and Degranulation-promoting Adapter Protein) formed a complex with TRAF6 and TAK1 in CD8+ T cells, and activated SMAD3 to increase autocrine TGF-\u03b21 production. Further, TGF-\u03b21 induced CD103 expression via an ADAP-, TRAF6- and SMAD3-dependent manner. In response to influenza virus infection (i.e. H5N1 or H1N1), lung infiltrating ADAP-/- CD8+ T cells significantly reduced the expression levels of TGF-\u03b21, CD103 and VLA-1. ADAP-/- mice as well as Rag1-/- mice receiving ADAP-/- T cells enhanced mortality with significant higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in lungs. Together, we have demonstrated that ADAP regulates the positive feedback loop of TGF-\u03b21 production and TGF-\u03b21-induced CD103 expression in CD8+ T cells via the T\u03b2RI-TRAF6-TAK1-SMAD3 pathway and protects from influenza virus infection. It is critical to further explore whether the SNP polymorphisms located in human ADAP gene are associated with disease susceptibility in response to influenza virus infection.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 16496760, "title": "Design and Verification of Hybrid Dynamic Worm Detection System", "abstract": "This paper proposes a new design scheme for hybrid dynamic worm detection system. In the proposed scheme, the features of matching detection method based on protocol analysis, Bayesian detection method based on probability, and honeypot-based detection method are integrated for a relative complemented function to develop the advantages and avoid the disadvantages of each detection method. The designed hybrid dynamic worm detection system can be used for effective detection of abnormal data behavior of the hosts attacked by worms, and it also serves for dynamic real-time update of the rule base. Then a preliminary functional verification is performed on this system.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 24747310, "title": "Discovery of pentacyclic triterpenoids as potential entry inhibitors of influenza viruses.", "abstract": "Entry inhibitors are of particular importance in current efforts to develop a new generation of anti-influenza virus drugs. Here we report certain pentacyclic triterpenes exhibiting conserved structure features and with in vitro anti-influenza virus activity comparable to and even higher than that of oseltamivir. Mechanistic studies indicated that these lead triterpenoids bind tightly to the viral envelope hemagglutinin (HA), disrupting the interaction of HA with the sialic acid receptor and thus the attachment of viruses to host cells. Docking studies suggest that the binding pocket within HA for sialic acid receptor potentially acts as a targeting domain, and this is supported by structure-activity data, sialic acid competition studies, and broad anti-influenza spectrum as well as less induction of drug resistance. Our study might establish the importance of triterpenoids for development of entry inhibitors of influenza viruses.", "score": 0}]}, {"dataset": "aminer", "query": {"corpus_id": 97656086, "title": "Maximum equivalent efficiency and power output of a PEM fuel cell/refrigeration cycle hybrid system", "abstract": "Abstract With the help of the current models of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and three-heat-source refrigeration cycles, the general model of a PEM fuel cell/refrigeration cycle hybrid system is originally established, so that the waste heat produced in the PEM fuel cell may be availably utilized. Based on the theory of electrochemistry and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, expressions for the efficiency and power output of the PEM fuel cell, the coefficient of performance and cooling rate of the refrigeration cycle, and the equivalent efficiency and power output of the hybrid system are derived. The curves of the equivalent efficiency and power output of the hybrid system varying with the electric current density and the equivalent power output versus efficiency curves are represented through numerical calculation. The general performance characteristics of the hybrid system are discussed. The optimal operation regions of some parameters in the hybrid system are determined. The advantages of the hybrid system are revealed."}, "candidates": [{"corpus_id": 98557093, "title": "Performance characteristics of a two-stage irreversible combined refrigeration system at maximum coefficient of performance", "abstract": "A general cycle model of a two-stage combined refrigeration system is established and used for analizing the influence of multi-irreversibilities, such as finite rate heat transfer, heat leak between the heat reservoirs and internal dissipation of the working fluid, on the performance of the refrigeration system. The coefficient of performance is taken as an objective function for optimization. The maximum coefficient of performance is calculated, and other corresponding performance parameters, such as the temperatures of the working fluid in the isothermal processes, the optimal distribution of the heat transfer areas and the power input of the refrigeration system, are determined. The results obtained here are more general than those obtained from a two-stage endoreversible combined refrigeration system and can guide the optimal design and operation of real combined refrigerator systems.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 120695914, "title": "Performance characteristics of a regeneration Ericsson refrigeration cycle using a magnetic composite as the working substance", "abstract": "National Natural Science Foundation [51176160]; Ph.D. Program Foundation of Ministry of Education [20090121110026]; Postdoctoral Science Foundation, People's Republic of China [86388]", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 43762809, "title": "Thermodynamic Properties of a q-Boson Gas Trapped in an n-Dimensional Harmonic Potential", "abstract": "The thermodynamic properties of an ideal q-boson gas trapped in an n-dimensional harmonic potential are studied, based on the distribution function of q-bosons. The critical temperature Tc,q of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and the heat capacity C of the system are derived analytically. It is shown that for the q-boson gas trapped in a harmonic potential, BEC may occur in any dimension when q \u2260 1, the critical temperature is always higher than that of an ordinary Bose gas (q = 1), and the heat capacity is continuous at Tc,q for a one-dimensional system but discontinuous at Tc,q for a two- or multi-dimensional system.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 108571268, "title": "The maximum work output of an electric battery in a given time", "abstract": "A new model of an electric battery is established, based on the simplest battery model and Denno's battery model with an internal dissipation. The model is used to investigate the fundamental problem of how to maximize the work output of an electric battery in a given time. The important relation of the voltage across the battery terminals varying with the discharging time is derived by using variational calculus. The maximum work output of the battery is calculated. The optimal matching condition of the load resistance is determined. The reasonable range of the discharging time is given. The other characteristics of the battery at the maximum work output are discussed further. The results obtained here have some theoretical applications not only for raising the utilization of the electric energy stored in batteries, but also for improving the performance of some electric circuits.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 111307879, "title": "Performance analysis and parametric optimal criteria of an irreversible magnetic Brayton-refrigerator", "abstract": "An irreversible magnetic Brayton refrigeration-cycle model is established, in which the thermal resistance and irreversibility in the two adiabatic processes are taken into account. Based on the model, the performance characteristics of the magnetic Brayton refrigeration-cycle are investigated and the effects of the irreversibilities and the ratio of the magnetic fields in the two iso-field processes on the performance of the refrigeration cycle are revealed. On the basis of the thermodynamic properties of a paramagnetic material, by using the optimal control-theory, the mathematical expressions for the cooling load and the coefficient of performance are derived and some important performance parameters, e.g., the temperatures of the working substance at several important state-points, are optimized. By means of numerical predictions, the optimal performance characteristic curves of the magnetic Brayton refrigeration-cycle are obtained and analyzed. Furthermore, some optimal operating-regions including those for the cooling load, coefficient of performance and the temperatures of the cyclic working substance at the two important state-points are determined and evaluated. Finally, several special cases are discussed in detail.", "score": 1}, {"corpus_id": 41444403, "title": "Three-terminal quantum-dot refrigerators.", "abstract": "Based on two capacitively coupled quantum dots in the Coulomb-blockade regime, a model of three-terminal quantum-dot refrigerators is proposed. With the help of the master equation, the transport properties of steady-state charge current and energy flow between two quantum dots and thermal reservoirs are revealed. It is expounded that such a structure can be used to construct a refrigerator by controlling the voltage bias and temperature ratio. The thermodynamic performance characteristics of the refrigerator are analyzed, including the cooling power, coefficient of performance (COP), maximum cooling power, and maximum COP. Moreover, the optimal regions of main performance parameters are determined. The influence of dissipative tunnel processes on the optimal performance is discussed in detail. Finally, the performance characteristics of the refrigerators operated in two different cases are compared.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 58925591, "title": "A UNIFIED METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING THE DYNAMIC BOUNDARY STIFFNESS AND BOUNDARY FLEXIBILITY FOR ROD, BEAM AND CIRCULAR MEMBRANE STRUCTURES", "abstract": "In this paper, the dynamic boundary stiffness and boundary flexibility for rod, beam and circular membrane structures are analytically derived using the dual integral formulation. Two approaches, the real- and the imaginary-part kernels are employed to determine the dynamic boundary stiffness and boundary flexibility. The continuous system for a circular membrane can be transformed into a discrete system with a circulant matrix. Based on the properties of circulant, the analytical solution for dynamic boundary stiffness and dynamic boundary flexibility in the discrete system can be derived. The exact formulae for the dynamic boundary stiffness and boundary flexibility matrices of a rod, a beam and a circular membrane are obtained. Also, the calculation for the static flexibility using the pseudo-inverse technique is discussed.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 62088257, "title": "Building a Content-Based Event Brokering Service Using XML Repositories and Publish/Subscribe Communication Scheme", "abstract": "Event brokering service has demonstrated its usefulness in Internet. Constructing a scalable event brokering system which operates on Internet and provides accurate filtering mechanism is challenging. In this paper, we apply a publish/subscribe asynchronous communication model and XML technology to construct a content-based event brokering system with an XML Storage System. The system provides a good solution to event matching, notification, and transmission services on Internet. With the system, the information publishers can easily spread information via a convenient user interface without programming, and end users can subscribe events of interest and obtain accurate contents easily. We take advantages of the content-based publish/subscribe communication model and Push technology to construct the event brokering system. By using XML as the event messages format to encapsulate any types of the message contents as an XML object, we achieve the flexibility of content definition, self-contained data description, and high portability. In addition, our system uses the XML Document Storage (XDS) system as the message exchange center to provide effective management for persistent event messages.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 123524145, "title": "Computation of dynamic stiffness and flexibility for arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional membranes", "abstract": "In this paper, dynamic stiffness and flexibility for circular membranes are analytically derived using an efficient mixed-part dual boundary element method (BEM). We employ three approaches, the complex-valued BEM, the real-part and imaginary-part BEM, to determine the dynamic stiffness and flexibility. In the analytical formulation, the continuous system for a circular membrane is transformed into a discrete system with a circulant matrix. Based on the properties of the circulant, the analytical solutions for the dynamic stiffness and flexibility are derived. In deriving the stiffness and flexibility, the spurious resonance is cancelled out. Numerical aspects are discussed and emphasized. The problem of numerical instability due to division by zero is avoided by choosing additional constraints from the information of real and imaginary parts in the dual formulation. For the overdetermined system, the least squares method is considered to determine the dynamic stiffness and flexibility. A general purpose program has been developed to test several examples including circular and square cases.", "score": 0}, {"corpus_id": 61255198, "title": "A Content-Based Event Brokering System Embedding Lively Contents in XML Objects using Publish/Subscribe Communication Scheme", "abstract": "When browsing on Internet, users often receive too much irrelevant information. Building an accurate and useful information filtering mechanism is a challenge work for many application designers. In this paper, we apply apublish/subscribe asynchronous communication model and XML technology to construct a content-based event brokering system with an XML Storage System. By using XML object as the event container to encapsulate any type of the message, we achieve the flexibility of content definition, self-contained data description, and high portability. With attachment XML object, the lively text/multimedia contents from related source applications can be embedded into target XML object. According to the imported relation rules, all the matching and useful messages in target XML objects will be sent to subscribers periodically. The system provides a good solution to event matching, notification, and transmission services on Internet. With the system, the information publishers can easily publish information via a convenient user interface without programming, and end users can subscribe events of interest and obtain accurate and lively contents easily. We take advantages of the content-based publish/subscribe communication model and Push technology to construct the event brokering system. In addition, our system uses the XML Document Storage (XDS) system as the message exchange center to provide effective management for persistent event messages. The XDS is a data management approach based on XML object, and it provides an XML-based protocol for clients to access its services including storing, updating, and searching XML documents.", "score": 0}]}]
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