## Protocol Section
### Identification Module
**NCT ID:** NCT06419218

**Brief Title:** Increasing School Meal Participation

**Official Title:** Evaluating a Marketing Campaign to Increase Participation in School Meals

#### Organization Study ID Info
**ID:** 75335
#### Organization
**Class:** OTHER
**Full Name:** Stanford University
### Status Module
#### Completion Date
**Date:** 2025-02

**Type:** ESTIMATED

#### Expanded Access Info
#### Last Update Post Date
**Date:** 2024-05-17

**Type:** ACTUAL

**Last Update Submit Date:** 2024-05-16

**Overall Status:** NOT_YET_RECRUITING

#### Primary Completion Date
**Date:** 2025-02

**Type:** ESTIMATED

#### Start Date
**Date:** 2024-09

**Type:** ESTIMATED

**Status Verified Date:** 2024-05

#### Study First Post Date
**Date:** 2024-05-17
**Type:** ACTUAL
**Study First Submit Date:** 2024-05-13
**Study First Submit QC Date:** 2024-05-16
### Sponsor Collaborators Module

#### Collaborators

**Class:** OTHER

**Name:** Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

#### Lead Sponsor

**Class:** OTHER

**Name:** Stanford University

#### Responsible Party

**Investigator Affiliation:** Stanford University

**Investigator Full Name:** Anna Grummon

**Investigator Title:** Assistant Professor

**Type:** PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

### Oversight Module

**Is FDA Regulated Device:** False

**Is FDA Regulated Drug:** False

### Description Module

**Brief Summary:** This study aims to determine whether an online marketing campaign increases children's school meal participation. Parents whose children do not currently eat school meals frequently will be exposed to messages designed to encourage their children's increased participation in school meals.

**Detailed Description:** In this 6-week-long online randomized controlled trial, participants will be randomized to one of two arms: 1) Control (neutral) messages or 2) Messages designed to increase school meal participation. In each arm, participants will join private Facebook groups corresponding to their study arm. The study team will post campaign messages to these groups. Participants will answer online survey questions before and after the study on their attitudes about school meals and their child's participation in school meals.

### Conditions Module

**Conditions:**

- Nutrition, Healthy

**Keywords:**

- health

- nutrition

- children

- parent perceptions

- school lunch

- school breakfast

- food access

### Design Module

#### Design Info

**Allocation:** RANDOMIZED

**Intervention Model:** PARALLEL

##### Masking Info

**Masking:** SINGLE

**Masking Description:** The investigator and data analyst will not be aware of participants' assignments.

**Who Masked:**

- INVESTIGATOR

**Primary Purpose:** OTHER

#### Enrollment Info

**Count:** 800

**Type:** ESTIMATED

**Phases:**

- NA

**Study Type:** INTERVENTIONAL

### Arms Interventions Module

#### Arm Group 1

**Description:** Participants will view messages focused on the benefits of children eating school meals, using text and images developed based on parent interviews. Participants will view a total of 12 messages.

**Intervention Names:**

- Behavioral: School meal messages

**Label:** School meal messages

**Type:** EXPERIMENTAL

#### Arm Group 2

**Description:** Participants will view messages focused on the benefits of children reading. Messages will be matched in length to the experimental messages. Participants will view a total of 12 messages.

**Intervention Names:**

- Behavioral: Control (neutral) messages

**Label:** Control (neutral) messages

**Type:** ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

### Interventions

#### Intervention 1

**Arm Group Labels:**

- School meal messages

**Description:** Messages focused on the benefits of children consuming school lunch and breakfast, using text and images developed based on parent interviews. Participants will view a total of 12 messages.

**Name:** School meal messages

**Type:** BEHAVIORAL

#### Intervention 2

**Arm Group Labels:**

- Control (neutral) messages

**Description:** Control messages approximately matched to the intervention messages on length and design, but discussing a neutral topic unrelated to school meals (reading). Participants will view a total of 12 messages.

**Name:** Control (neutral) messages

**Type:** BEHAVIORAL

### Outcomes Module

#### Primary Outcomes

**Description:** Assessed with 1 item: "During the past 30 days, how often did your child usually eat breakfast he, she, or they got at school from the cafeteria?" This item will be scored on a 6-point scale from "0 days per week" (0) to "5 days per week" (5).

**Measure:** Participation in school breakfast

**Time Frame:** Collected in a ~10 minute survey at baseline and again at 6 weeks.

**Description:** Assessed with 1 tem: "During the past 30 days, how often did your child usually eat lunch he, she, or they got at school from the cafeteria?" This item will be scored on a 6-point scale from "0 days per week" (0) to "5 days per week" (5).

**Measure:** Participation in school lunch

**Time Frame:** Collected in a ~10 minute survey at baseline and again at 6 weeks.

#### Secondary Outcomes

**Description:** Assessed with 6 items: First, participants will be asked to indicate how often in the past month: "The food that we bought just didn't last, and we didn't have money to get more" and "We couldn't afford to eat balanced meals" with response options of "Never true" (0), "Sometimes true" (1), or "Often true" (2). Next, participants will be asked, "In the last month, did you ever eat less than you felt you should because there wasn't enough money for food?"; "In the last month, were you ever hungry but didn't eat because there wasn't enough money for food?"; and "In the last month, did you or other adults in your household ever cut the size of your meals or skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?" Responses: "No" (0), "Yes" (1). If "Yes" to any of these items, they will be asked: "How often did this happen?" with response options: "Only 1 or 2 days" (1), "Some days but not every day" (2), "Almost every day" (3).

**Measure:** Household food insecurity

**Time Frame:** Collected in a ~10 minute survey at baseline and again at 6 weeks.

**Description:** Assessed with 7 items: participants will indicate how often in the past month: "I relied on only a few kinds of low-cost food to feed my child because I was running out of money to buy food"; "I couldn't feed my child a balanced meal, because I couldn't afford that."; "My child was not eating enough because I just couldn't afford enough food." "Was that often, sometimes, or never true for you in the last month?" with responses: "Never true" (0); "Sometimes true" (1); "Often true" (2). Participants will be asked whether in the last month... "did you ever cut the size of your child's meals because there wasn't enough money for food?"; "was your child ever hungry but you just couldn't afford more food?" and "did your child ever skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?" with responses: "No" (0); "Yes" (1). If "Yes", they will be asked: "How often did this happen?" with responses: "Only 1 or 2 days" (1), "Some days but not every day" (2), "Almost every day" (3).

**Measure:** Child food insecurity

**Time Frame:** Collected in a ~10 minute survey at baseline and again at 6 weeks.

**Description:** Assessed with 8 items: "Getting breakfast from school improves children's performance in school."; "Getting breakfast from school improves children's performance in sports."; "Getting breakfast from school improves children's energy."; "Getting breakfast from school makes children less likely to miss school."; "Getting breakfast from school makes children less likely to be late for school."; "Getting breakfast from school gives children enough food to eat."; "Getting breakfast from school gives children a variety of foods to eat."; "Getting breakfast from school gives children the chance to make their own choices." All items will use a 5-point Likert-type response scale: "Strongly disagree" (1); "Somewhat disagree" (2); "Neither agree nor disagree" (3); Somewhat agree (4); "Strongly agree" (5).

**Measure:** Perceived benefits

**Time Frame:** Collected in a ~10 minute survey at baseline and again at 6 weeks.

### Eligibility Module

**Eligibility Criteria:** Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years or older
* Parent of a child attending a public school in grades 1-5
* Resides in one of the following states: California, Colorado, Maine, Minnesota, Michigan,
* Massachusetts, New Mexico, Vermont
* Has internet access
* Has a Facebook account.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Younger than 18 years old
* Does not have a child attending a public school in grades 1-5
* Resides out of one of the following states: California, Colorado, Maine, Minnesota, Michigan, Massachusetts, New Mexico, Vermont
* Does not have internet access
* Does not have a Facebook account

**Healthy Volunteers:** True

**Minimum Age:** 18 Years

**Sex:** ALL

**Standard Ages:**

- ADULT

- OLDER_ADULT

### Contacts Locations Module

#### Central Contacts

**Contact 1:**

**Email:** foodresearchlab@stanford.edu

**Name:** Anna Grummon, PhD

**Phone:** 6506447366

**Role:** CONTACT

**Contact 2:**

**Email:** foodresearchlab@stanford.edu

**Name:** Study Team

**Phone:** 6503089140

**Role:** CONTACT

#### Locations

**Location 1:**

**City:** Palo Alto

**Country:** United States

**Facility:** Stanford School of Medicine

**State:** California

**Zip:** 94304

#### Overall Officials

**Official 1:**

**Affiliation:** Assistant Professor

**Name:** Anna Grummon, PhD

**Role:** PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

### IPD Sharing Statement Module

**Access Criteria:** These materials will be posted publicly; researchers will be free to download them.

**Description:** We plan to post de-identified raw data from the surveys to a public repository.

**Info Types:**

- STUDY_PROTOCOL

- SAP

- ANALYTIC_CODE

**IPD Sharing:** YES

**Time Frame:** We plan to post de-identified raw data from the surveys to a public repository upon publication of papers arising from the study.

## Derived Section

### Misc Info Module

- Version Holder: 2024-05-31
