## Protocol Section
### Identification Module
**NCT ID:** NCT06436521

**Brief Title:** The Efficacy of Online Brief Positive Cognitive Behavior Therapy Compared to Traditional Cognitive Behavior Therapy

**Official Title:** The Efficacy of Online Brief Positive Cognitive Behavior Therapy Compared to Traditional Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Improving Well-Being and Goal Attainment in Young Adults

#### Organization Study ID Info
**ID:** MDStudy
#### Organization
**Class:** OTHER
**Full Name:** Babes-Bolyai University
### Status Module
#### Completion Date
**Date:** 2015-03

**Type:** ACTUAL

#### Expanded Access Info
#### Last Update Post Date
**Date:** 2024-05-31

**Type:** ESTIMATED

**Last Update Submit Date:** 2024-05-30

**Overall Status:** COMPLETED

#### Primary Completion Date
**Date:** 2015-03

**Type:** ACTUAL

#### Start Date
**Date:** 2014-10

**Type:** ACTUAL

**Status Verified Date:** 2024-03

#### Study First Post Date
**Date:** 2024-05-31
**Type:** ESTIMATED
**Study First Submit Date:** 2024-03-22
**Study First Submit QC Date:** 2024-05-30
### Sponsor Collaborators Module

#### Lead Sponsor

**Class:** OTHER

**Name:** Babes-Bolyai University

#### Responsible Party

**Investigator Affiliation:** Babes-Bolyai University

**Investigator Full Name:** Comsa Loana

**Investigator Title:** Principal Investigator

**Type:** PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

### Oversight Module

**Is FDA Regulated Device:** False

**Is FDA Regulated Drug:** False

**Oversight Has DMC:** False

### Description Module

**Brief Summary:** Positive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (P-CBT) has emerged as the fourth Cognitive Behavioral Therapy waive, based on critiques brought to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for being grounded in the deficit-based medical model. The study aim to identify which of the two Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approaches, Positive or Traditional, is more effective in a brief format in terms of improving emotional state, attaining goals, and changing attitudes in young adults.

**Detailed Description:** This study is a randomized controlled trial that aims to explore the effectiveness of two Cognitive Behavioral approaches: Positive and Traditional, in terms of improving emotional state, attaining goals, and changing attitudes in young adults. Thirty-eight participants divided into two groups, received four therapy sessions for four weeks. The outcomes were measured four times: pre-, mid- (after two sessions), post-intervention (after four sessions), and at two-month follow-up.

### Conditions Module

**Conditions:**

- Emotional Distress

- Well-Being, Psychological

- Performance

**Keywords:**

- Solution-focused

- Problem-solving

- Positive CBT

- Traditional CBT

- Well-being

### Design Module

#### Design Info

**Allocation:** RANDOMIZED

**Intervention Model:** PARALLEL

**Intervention Model Description:** Participants were assigned to one approach: Positive CBT or Traditional CBT, through simple randomization.

##### Masking Info

**Masking:** NONE

**Primary Purpose:** PREVENTION

#### Enrollment Info

**Count:** 38

**Type:** ACTUAL

**Phases:**

- NA

**Study Type:** INTERVENTIONAL

### Arms Interventions Module

#### Arm Group 1

**Description:** Participants received P-CBT intervention after a standard protocol. The intervention used Solution-focused questioning.

**Intervention Names:**

- Behavioral: Positive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

**Label:** Positive CBT (P-CBT)

**Type:** EXPERIMENTAL

#### Arm Group 2

**Description:** Participants received T-CBT intervention after a standard protocol. The intervention used Problem-solving questioning.

**Intervention Names:**

- Behavioral: Traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

**Label:** Traditional CBT (T-CBT)

**Type:** EXPERIMENTAL

### Interventions

#### Intervention 1

**Arm Group Labels:**

- Positive CBT (P-CBT)

**Description:** Positive CBT integrates brief Solution-Focused Brief Therapy with Positive Psychology techniques, within a cognitive-behavioral framework. It is considered a competency and strengths-based model.

**Name:** Positive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

**Type:** BEHAVIORAL

#### Intervention 2

**Arm Group Labels:**

- Traditional CBT (T-CBT)

**Description:** Traditional cognitive behavioral therapy is a form of psychological treatment that emphasizes that psychological problems are based on faulty or unhelpful ways of thinking and the focus is to change thinking patterns.

**Name:** Traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

**Type:** BEHAVIORAL

### Outcomes Module

#### Primary Outcomes

**Description:** The level of negative emotions, measured with Profile of Affective Distress plus. The items are ranked with a 5-point Likert scale. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

**Measure:** Distress

**Time Frame:** Baseline, pre-intervention; in the middle of intervention, after 2 sessions (2 weeks); immediately after the intervention (4 weeks); 2 month.

**Description:** The level of positive emotions, measured with Profile of Affective Distress plus; The items are ranked with a 5-point Likert scale.Higher scores mean a better outcome.

**Measure:** Positive Emotions

**Time Frame:** Baseline, pre-intervention; in the middle of intervention, after 2 sessions (2 weeks); immediately after the intervention (4 weeks); 2 month.

**Description:** Performance was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale -type item. The outcome had a one-item ranging from 1 to 10. Participants had to assess the statement: - How close are you to solving the problem/attaining your goal? Higher scores mean a better outcome.

**Measure:** Performance

**Time Frame:** Baseline, pre-intervention; in the middle of intervention, after 2 sessions (2 weeks); immediately after the intervention (4 weeks); 2 months.

**Description:** Measured with Solution Focused Inventory; The items are ranked with a 6-point Likert scale. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

**Measure:** Attitude towards problems

**Time Frame:** Baseline, pre-intervention; in the middle of intervention, after 2 sessions (2 weeks); immediately after the intervention (4 weeks); 2 months.

**Description:** Measured with Solution Focused Inventory; The items are ranked with a 6-point Likert scale. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

**Measure:** Attitude towards goals

**Time Frame:** Baseline, pre-intervention; in the middle of intervention, after 2 sessions (2 weeks); immediately after the intervention (4 weeks); 2 months.

**Description:** Measured with Solution Focused Inventory; The items are ranked with a 6-point Likert scale. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

**Measure:** Attitude towards resources

**Time Frame:** Baseline, pre-intervention; in the middle of intervention, after 2 sessions (2 weeks); immediately after the intervention (4 weeks); 2 months.

### Eligibility Module

**Eligibility Criteria:** Inclusion Criteria:

Students in the master's program in psychology

Exclusion Criteria:

-

**Healthy Volunteers:** True

**Maximum Age:** 30 Years

**Minimum Age:** 18 Years

**Sex:** ALL

**Standard Ages:**

- ADULT

### Contacts Locations Module

#### Locations

**Location 1:**

**City:** Cluj-Napoca

**Country:** Romania

**Facility:** Departement of Clinical Psychology and and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University

**State:** Cluj

**Zip:** 40015

#### Overall Officials

**Official 1:**

**Affiliation:** Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca

**Name:** Loana T Comsa, Ph.D.

**Role:** PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

### IPD Sharing Statement Module

**IPD Sharing:** NO

### References Module

#### References

**Citation:** Bannink, F. (2012). Practicing positive CBT: From reducing distress to building success. John Wiley & Sons https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118328941

**Citation:** Bannink, F., & Geschwind, N. (2021). , Positive CBT: Individual and Group Treatment Protocols for Positive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. In Positive CBT: Individual and Group Treatment Protocols for Positive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1027/00578-000

**Citation:** Bhattacharya S, Goicoechea C, Heshmati S, Carpenter JK, Hofmann SG. Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety-Related Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Recent Literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2023 Jan;25(1):19-30. doi: 10.1007/s11920-022-01402-8. Epub 2022 Dec 19.

**PMID:** 36534317

**Citation:** Braunstein, K., & Grant, A. M. (2016). Approaching solutions or avoiding problems? The differential effects of approach and avoidance goals with solution-focused and problem-focused coaching questions. Coaching, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/17521882.2016.1186705

**Citation:** Cohen, J. (1988a). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

**Citation:** Cuijpers P, Miguel C, Harrer M, Plessen CY, Ciharova M, Ebert D, Karyotaki E. Cognitive behavior therapy vs. control conditions, other psychotherapies, pharmacotherapies and combined treatment for depression: a comprehensive meta-analysis including 409 trials with 52,702 patients. World Psychiatry. 2023 Feb;22(1):105-115. doi: 10.1002/wps.21069.

**PMID:** 36640411

**Citation:** de Boer AG, van Lanschot JJ, Stalmeier PF, van Sandick JW, Hulscher JB, de Haes JC, Sprangers MA. Is a single-item visual analogue scale as valid, reliable and responsive as multi-item scales in measuring quality of life? Qual Life Res. 2004 Mar;13(2):311-20. doi: 10.1023/B:QURE.0000018499.64574.1f.

**PMID:** 15085903

**Citation:** De Shazer, S., & Berg, I. K. (1997). "What works?" Remarks on research aspects of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00043

**Citation:** De Shazer S, Berg IK, Lipchik E, Nunnally E, Molnar A, Gingerich W, Weiner-Davis M. Brief therapy: focused solution development. Fam Process. 1986 Jun;25(2):207-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1986.00207.x.

**PMID:** 3732502

**Citation:** Erbe D, Eichert HC, Riper H, Ebert DD. Blending Face-to-Face and Internet-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Mental Disorders in Adults: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017 Sep 15;19(9):e306. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6588.

**PMID:** 28916506

**Citation:** Geschwind N, Arntz A, Bannink F, Peeters F. Positive cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of depression: A randomized order within-subject comparison with traditional cognitive behavior therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2019 May;116:119-130. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.03.005. Epub 2019 Mar 9.

**PMID:** 30897464

**Citation:** Grant, A. M. (2012). Making Positive Change: A Randomized Study Comparing Solution-Focused vs. Problem-Focused Coaching Questions. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.2012.31.2.21

**Citation:** Grant, A. M., & O'Connor, S. A. (2010). The differential effects of solution-focused and problem-focused coaching questions: A pilot study with implications for practice. Industrial and Commercial Training, 42(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/00197851011026090

**Citation:** Hofmann SG, Asnaani A, Vonk IJ, Sawyer AT, Fang A. The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. Cognit Ther Res. 2012 Oct 1;36(5):427-440. doi: 10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1. Epub 2012 Jul 31.

**PMID:** 23459093

**Citation:** Padesky CA, Mooney KA. Strengths-based cognitive-behavioural therapy: a four-step model to build resilience. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2012 Jul-Aug;19(4):283-90. doi: 10.1002/cpp.1795. Epub 2012 Jun 1.

**PMID:** 22653834

**Citation:** Seligman, M. E. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. Handbook of positive psychology, 2(2002), 3-12.

**Citation:** Seligman, M. E. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Simon and Schuster.

**Citation:** Tomoiagă, C., & David, O. (2023). Is cognitive-behavioral coaching an empirically supported approach to coaching? a meta-analysis to investigate its outcomes and moderators. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 41(2), 489-510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-023-00498-y

## Derived Section

### Intervention Browse Module - Browse Branches

- Abbrev: PhSol

- Name: Pharmaceutical Solutions

- Abbrev: All

- Name: All Drugs and Chemicals

### Intervention Browse Module - Browse Leaves

- ID: M21860

- Name: Pharmaceutical Solutions

- Relevance: LOW

- As Found: Unknown

### Misc Info Module

- Version Holder: 2024-05-31
