## Protocol Section
### Identification Module
**NCT ID:** NCT06418906

**Brief Title:** The Relationships Between Equanimity, Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion, and Mental Health Outcomes

**Official Title:** The Relationships Between Equanimity, Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion, and Mental Health Outcomes

#### Organization Study ID Info
**ID:** NoID
#### Organization
**Class:** OTHER
**Full Name:** The University of Hong Kong
### Status Module
#### Completion Date
**Date:** 2026-05

**Type:** ESTIMATED

#### Expanded Access Info
#### Last Update Post Date
**Date:** 2024-05-21

**Type:** ACTUAL

**Last Update Submit Date:** 2024-05-19

**Overall Status:** NOT_YET_RECRUITING

#### Primary Completion Date
**Date:** 2026-05

**Type:** ESTIMATED

#### Start Date
**Date:** 2024-05

**Type:** ESTIMATED

**Status Verified Date:** 2024-05

#### Study First Post Date
**Date:** 2024-05-17
**Type:** ACTUAL
**Study First Submit Date:** 2024-05-13
**Study First Submit QC Date:** 2024-05-13
### Sponsor Collaborators Module

#### Lead Sponsor

**Class:** OTHER

**Name:** The University of Hong Kong

#### Responsible Party

**Type:** SPONSOR

### Oversight Module

**Is FDA Regulated Device:** False

**Is FDA Regulated Drug:** False

### Description Module

**Brief Summary:** This is an academic research study aiming to explore the relationships between equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, and mental health outcomes, and to examine the reliability and validity of the new measures in Hong Kong.

**Detailed Description:** The current research aims to validate two new measures, the Equanimity Scale (ES-16) and the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS-S) in Hong Kong. Standard procedures of forward-backward translation of the ES-16 and SOCS-S were employed. Adults aged 18 or above will be recruited in the community to fill out a set of questionnaires two times on equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, and mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, wellbeing). Relationships between these variables will be explored. To assess test-retest reliability, participants will be invited to fill out the same set of questionnaires on a total of two time points: baseline and two-week post-baseline.

### Conditions Module

**Conditions:**

- Mindfulness

- Mental Health Outcomes

- Self-Compassion

### Design Module

#### Design Info

**Observational Model:** COHORT

**Time Perspective:** PROSPECTIVE

#### Enrollment Info

**Count:** 500

**Type:** ESTIMATED

**Study Type:** OBSERVATIONAL

### Arms Interventions Module

#### Arm Group 1

**Description:** This is a single-arm study with no intervention involved. Adults aged 18 or above from the community will be invited to fill out the same set of questionnaires on a total of two time points: baseline and two-week post-baseline.

**Intervention Names:**

- Other: Self-reported questionnaires

**Label:** Community adults aged 18 or above

### Interventions

#### Intervention 1

**Arm Group Labels:**

- Community adults aged 18 or above

**Description:** After participants agree to participate in this study, they will first fill out the set of questionnaires once. After two weeks, the research team will send them reminders to fill out the same set of questionnaires again.

**Name:** Self-reported questionnaires

**Type:** OTHER

### Outcomes Module

#### Primary Outcomes

**Description:** The 20-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - 20 (FFMQ-20) will be used to measure mindfulness. Possible score range is 20 to 100, where higher scores indicate higher mindfulness.

**Measure:** Mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - 20)

**Time Frame:** 2-week

**Description:** The 16-item Equanimity Scale (ES-16) will be used to measure equanimity. Possible score range is 16 to 80, where higher scores indicate higher equanimity.

**Measure:** Equanimity (Equanimity Scale)

**Time Frame:** 2-week

**Description:** The 20-item Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS-S) will be used to measure self-compassion. Possible score range is 20 to 100, where higher scores indicate higher self-compassion.

**Measure:** Self-compassion (Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale)

**Time Frame:** 2-week

**Description:** The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) will be used to measure depression. Possible score range is 0 to 27, where higher scores mean more severe depression.

**Measure:** Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire - 9)

**Time Frame:** 2-week

**Description:** The seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) will be used to measure anxiety. Possible score range is 0 to 21, where higher scores indicate more severe anxiety.

**Measure:** Anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7)

**Time Frame:** 2-week

**Description:** The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale - 10 (PSS) will be used to measure stress. Possible score range is 0 to 40, where higher scores indicate higher perceived stress.

**Measure:** Stress (Perceived Stress Scale - 10)

**Time Frame:** 2-week

**Description:** The seven-item Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) will be used to measure wellbeing. Possible score range is 0 to 35, where higher scores mean higher mental wellbeing.

**Measure:** Wellbeing (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale)

**Time Frame:** 2-week

**Description:** The Two-Factor Equanimity Scale (EQUA-S) will be used to measure equanimity, for assessing convergent validity of the ES-16. Possible score range is 14 to 70, where higher scores indicate higher equanimity.

**Measure:** Equanimity (Two-Factor Equanimity Scale)

**Time Frame:** 2-week

**Description:** The 12-item Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form (SCS-SF) will be used to measure self-compassion, for assess convergent validity of the SOCS-S. Possible score range is 12 to 60, where higher scores indicate higher self-compassion.

**Measure:** Self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form)

**Time Frame:** 2-week

#### Secondary Outcomes

**Description:** Six single-item exploratory weekly measures respectively measuring equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, depression, anxiety, stress. Possible score range for single-item measures on equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion are 1 to 7, where higher scores indicate higher equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion respectively. Possible score range for single-item measures on depression, anxiety are 0 to 3, where higher scores indicate more severe depression, anxiety respectively. Possible score range for single-item measure on stress is 0 to 4, where higher scores indicate higher perceived stress.

**Measure:** single-item measures on equanimity, mindfulness, self-compassion, depression, anxiety, stress (i.e., six items in total)

**Time Frame:** 2-week

### Eligibility Module

**Eligibility Criteria:** Inclusion Criteria:

* aged 18 or above
* can read and type Chinese
* have means to access online surveys

No Exclusion Criteria

**Healthy Volunteers:** True

**Minimum Age:** 18 Years

**Sampling Method:** NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE

**Sex:** ALL

**Standard Ages:**

- ADULT

- OLDER_ADULT

**Study Population:** Community participants aged 18 or above

### Contacts Locations Module

#### Central Contacts

**Contact 1:**

**Email:** hclok@connect.hku.hk

**Name:** Hoi Chun Lok

**Phone:** +852 3917-5889

**Role:** CONTACT

**Contact 2:**

**Email:** aksc@hku.hk

**Name:** Amanda Kingsze Cheung

**Phone:** +852 3917-5889

**Role:** CONTACT

#### Locations

**Location 1:**

**City:** Hong Kong

**Contacts:**

***Contact 1:***

- **Email:** hclok@connect.hku.hk

- **Name:** Hoi Chun Lok

- **Phone:** +852 3917-5889

- **Role:** CONTACT

***Contact 2:***

- **Email:** aksc@hku.hk

- **Name:** Amanda Kingsze Cheung

- **Phone:** +852 3917-5889

- **Role:** CONTACT

**Country:** Hong Kong

**Facility:** Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong

#### Overall Officials

**Official 1:**

**Affiliation:** The University of Hong Kong

**Name:** Hoi Chun Lok

**Role:** PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

## Derived Section

### Misc Info Module

- Version Holder: 2024-05-31
