## Protocol Section
### Identification Module
**NCT ID:** NCT06231979

**Brief Title:** Adding Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine for Bilateral Erector Spinae Block

**Official Title:** Effects of Adding Dexmedetomidine to Bupivacaine for Bilateral Erector Spinae Block in Lumbar Fusion Surgeries

#### Organization Study ID Info
**ID:** Erector Spinae Block
#### Organization
**Class:** OTHER
**Full Name:** Assiut University
### Status Module
#### Completion Date
**Date:** 2025-10-01

**Type:** ESTIMATED

#### Expanded Access Info
#### Last Update Post Date
**Date:** 2024-01-30

**Type:** ACTUAL

**Last Update Submit Date:** 2024-01-29

**Overall Status:** NOT_YET_RECRUITING

#### Primary Completion Date
**Date:** 2025-01-01

**Type:** ESTIMATED

#### Start Date
**Date:** 2024-02-25

**Type:** ESTIMATED

**Status Verified Date:** 2024-01

#### Study First Post Date
**Date:** 2024-01-30
**Type:** ACTUAL
**Study First Submit Date:** 2023-12-24
**Study First Submit QC Date:** 2024-01-29
### Sponsor Collaborators Module

#### Lead Sponsor

**Class:** OTHER

**Name:** Assiut University

#### Responsible Party

**Investigator Affiliation:** Assiut University

**Investigator Full Name:** Mohammed Ali Hassan Refaat AL-Quossi

**Investigator Title:** assistent lecture

**Type:** PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

### Oversight Module

**Is FDA Regulated Device:** False

**Is FDA Regulated Drug:** False

### Description Module

**Brief Summary:** The aim of this study is to compare the analgesic effect of bilateral US-guided ESPB using bupivacaine alone versus bupivacaine and DEX in lumbar fusion surgeries.

**Detailed Description:** Surgical treatment of adult lumbar spinal disorders is associated with a substantial risk of perioperative complications. The improvement in management and the development of new techniques in anesthesia and surgical sciences have led to substantial reduction of complications related to lumbar spine surgeries.

Understanding these complications is important and valuable for both the patient and the surgeon. Nevertheless, complications represent undesirable consequences of lumbar spine surgery in adult patients.

Degenerative lumbar disease is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. The general incidence of lumbar stenosis accompanied by a significant deterioration in the quality of life reaches 5 % among patients aged \< 50 years and approximately 10 - 15 % among elderly patients (50 - 70 years old) Moreover, lumbar stenosis appears to be one of the most common causes of decompression and fusion interventions in the lumbar spine in \> 50 years old patients Lumbar surgeries refer to any type of surgical intervention involving any lumbar spine or lower back (between one or more of the L1 - S1 level), including operations for trauma and deformity. The complexity of procedures leads to an increase in comorbidities Major lumbar spine surgery causes severe postoperative pain, which typically persists for at least three days Risk factors most frequently associated with mortality include but are not limited to patients' age, sex, and comorbidity status Postoperative pain is one of the most troublesome pains for the surgical patients and is one of the causes of morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. Various studies have reported that maximal pain occurs in the first 4 postoperative hours and gradually declines by the third postoperative day .

Opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been routinely used across the world. Recent resurge of regional anesthetic techniques offer some advantages, especially reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting and less sedation .

Ultrasound (US)-guided erector spinae plane blockade (ESPB) was first developed by Forero in 2016 as an easy and safe way of managing thoracic neuropathic pain. Since that time, this block has gained in popularity and has been used to effectively provide analgesia for a variety of surgeries, including spine surgery .

Erector spinae plane blockade may also have a better safety profile when compared with neuraxial analgesia, perhaps because of direct visualization of the needle under ultrasonography guidance and the ease of placement, although this has not been decisively proven One disadvantage of this block is the short duration of action after a single injection Dexmedetomidine (DEX), is a highly selective and potent central alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. Administration of this adjuvant in miscellaneous methods has received considerable attention in recent years Due to its analgesic and sedative effects, besides the lack of any respiratory-sparing effects, administration of this adjuvant is effective in reducing the need for opioids in the perioperative period and may even result in cooperative sedation.

The neuraxial administration of dexmedetomidine has nociceptive effects on somatic and visceral pains. It also reduces postoperative pain and prolongs analgesia.

Local anesthetic combined with DEX has been reported to prolong analgesia following several blocks. However, it is presently unclear whether adjuncts such as DEX will significantly prolong the duration of ESPB in lumbar fusion surgery.

Oxidative stress is a condition caused by an imbalance between the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to detoxify these products.

An excess of ROS causes damage to all cellular components. The process of oxidative stress causes the peroxidation of lipids and proteins, the formation of lipid peroxides, DNA fragmentation, and the development of cell death.

ROS activity is usually assessed indirectly by measuring stable products derived from the interaction of these radicals with cellular components. The most-studied cellular antioxidants are superoxide dismutase (SOD) , glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and human malondialdehyde (MDA).

These enzymes provide the first line of defense against tissue damage caused by ROS. As part of the antioxidant pathway, SOD accelerates the conversion of superoxide to H2O2, while catalase and GPX convert H2O2 to water. SOD and GPX can be measured in serum or plasma to establish the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity of the body.

### Conditions Module

**Conditions:**

- Erector Spinae Block

- Lumbar Fusion Surgeries

- Dexmedetomidine

### Design Module

#### Design Info

**Allocation:** RANDOMIZED

**Intervention Model:** PARALLEL

##### Masking Info

**Masking:** TRIPLE

**Who Masked:**

- PARTICIPANT

- CARE_PROVIDER

- INVESTIGATOR

**Primary Purpose:** TREATMENT

#### Enrollment Info

**Count:** 48

**Type:** ESTIMATED

**Phases:**

- PHASE4

**Study Type:** INTERVENTIONAL

### Arms Interventions Module

#### Arm Group 1

**Description:** Patients will receive US-guided ESPB with 18 mL of bupivacaine 0.25 % and 1 μg/kg DEX diluted with saline to reach total volume 20 mL per side.

**Intervention Names:**

- Drug: Dexmedetomidine

- Drug: Bupivacain

**Label:** Dexmedetomidine group

**Type:** EXPERIMENTAL

#### Arm Group 2

**Description:** Patients will receive US-guided ESPB with 18 mL of bupivacaine 0.25 % and 2 mL normal saline 0.9 % per side as control group.

**Intervention Names:**

- Drug: Bupivacain

- Drug: Normal saline

**Label:** Bupivacaine group

**Type:** EXPERIMENTAL

### Interventions

#### Intervention 1

**Arm Group Labels:**

- Dexmedetomidine group

**Description:** 1 μg/kg Dexmedetomidine per side in erector spinae block

**Name:** Dexmedetomidine

**Other Names:**

- DEX

**Type:** DRUG

#### Intervention 2

**Arm Group Labels:**

- Bupivacaine group

- Dexmedetomidine group

**Description:** 18 mL of bupivacaine 0.25 % per side in erector spinae block

**Name:** Bupivacain

**Other Names:**

- Bup

**Type:** DRUG

#### Intervention 3

**Arm Group Labels:**

- Bupivacaine group

**Description:** 2 ml normal saline 0.9% per side in erector spinae block

**Name:** Normal saline

**Other Names:**

- Normal saline sodium chloride 0.9%

**Type:** DRUG

### Outcomes Module

#### Other Outcomes

**Description:** Change in stress marker Glutathione peroxidase 1 level in serum after centrifugation between preoperative at time of cannulation and 24h. Postoperative.

**Measure:** Change in stress marker Glutathione peroxidase 1

**Time Frame:** 24 hours postoperative.

#### Primary Outcomes

**Measure:** the cummulative opioid consumption during first 48 h postoperatively.

**Time Frame:** 48 hours postoperatively.

#### Secondary Outcomes

**Description:** Change in stress marker Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) level in serum after centrifugation between preoperative at time of cannulation and 24h. Postoperative.

**Measure:** Change in stress marker Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) .

**Time Frame:** 24 hours postoperative.

**Measure:** Postoperative pain score using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

**Time Frame:** immediately postoperative

### Eligibility Module

**Eligibility Criteria:** Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients of both genders
* age between 18-65 years
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II\*\*
* scheduled for lumbar spine fusion surgeries ( 2 or 3 level lumbar fusion with or without decompression ) under general anesthesia .

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient refusal.
* Patient with chronic use of opioid analgesia.
* Uncooperative patients with communication difficulties, which might prevent a reliable postoperative assessment.
* Contraindication to regional anesthesia (bleeding disorder, use of any anticoagulants, local infection).

Known allergy to local anesthetics.

**Healthy Volunteers:** True

**Maximum Age:** 65 Years

**Minimum Age:** 18 Years

**Sex:** ALL

**Standard Ages:**

- ADULT

- OLDER_ADULT

### References Module

#### References

**Citation:** Kalff R, Ewald C, Waschke A, Gobisch L, Hopf C. Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis in older people: current treatment options. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013 Sep;110(37):613-23; quiz 624. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2013.0613. Epub 2013 Sep 13.

**PMID:** 24078855

**Citation:** Liu C, Guo C, Meng F, Zhu Z, Xia W, Liu H. Perioperative risk factors related to complications of lumbar spine fusion surgery in elderly patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023 Jul 14;24(1):573. doi: 10.1186/s12891-023-06689-z.

**PMID:** 37452304

**Citation:** Dhillon KS. Spinal Fusion for Chronic Low Back Pain: A 'Magic Bullet' or Wishful Thinking? Malays Orthop J. 2016 Mar;10(1):61-68.

**PMID:** 28435551

**Citation:** Proietti L, Scaramuzzo L, Schiro' GR, Sessa S, Logroscino CA. Complications in lumbar spine surgery: A retrospective analysis. Indian J Orthop. 2013 Jul;47(4):340-5. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.114909.

**PMID:** 23960276

**Citation:** El-Sadawy Ali Eid M, Ibrahim Mohamed Hashesh M and Ahmed El-Badawy Mohamed M. Comparative Study Between Bupivacaine Alone Versus Bupivacaine With Fentanyl, And Bupivacaine With Dexamethasone In Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block For Postoperative Pain Relief In Patients Undergoing Lumber Spine Surgeries. Al-Azhar Medical Journal. 2022;51(1):507-18.

**Citation:** Poorman GW, Moon JY, Wang C, Horn SR, Beaubrun BM, Bono OJ, Francis AM, Jalai CM, Passias PG. Rates of Mortality in Lumbar Spine Surgery and Factors Associated With Its Occurrence Over a 10-Year Period: A Study of 803,949 Patients in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Int J Spine Surg. 2018 Oct 15;12(5):617-623. doi: 10.14444/5076. eCollection 2018 Oct.

**PMID:** 30364742

**Citation:** Gan TJ. Poorly controlled postoperative pain: prevalence, consequences, and prevention. J Pain Res. 2017 Sep 25;10:2287-2298. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S144066. eCollection 2017.

**PMID:** 29026331

**Citation:** Huang J, Liu JC. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Anesthesiol. 2020 Apr 14;20(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-00999-8.

**PMID:** 32290814

**Citation:** Abdelbadie M. Analgesic efficacy of the erector spinae plane block using bupivacaine vs. bupivacaine/magnesium sulphate in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery: a randomized, double-blinded comparative study. Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care. 2022;26(4):439-44.

**Citation:** Forero M, Adhikary SD, Lopez H, Tsui C, Chin KJ. The Erector Spinae Plane Block: A Novel Analgesic Technique in Thoracic Neuropathic Pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Sep-Oct;41(5):621-7. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000451.

**PMID:** 27501016

**Citation:** Qiu Y, Zhang TJ, Hua Z. Erector Spinae Plane Block for Lumbar Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review. J Pain Res. 2020 Jul 1;13:1611-1619. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S256205. eCollection 2020.

**PMID:** 32669870

**Citation:** Coviello A, Vargas M, Castellano G, Maresca A, Servillo G. Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block (US-ESPB)-Anesthetic block: Case report. Clin Case Rep. 2020 Sep 10;8(12):2885-2888. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3253. eCollection 2020 Dec.

**PMID:** 33363844

**Citation:** Stondell C, Roberto R. Erector Spinae Plane Blocks With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pediatric Scoliosis Surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2022 Jan 21;6(1):e21.00272. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-21-00272.

**PMID:** 35061632

**Citation:** Bhushan S, Huang X, Su X, Luo L, Xiao Z. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients after liver surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized comparative studies. Int J Surg. 2022 Jul;103:106689. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106689. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

**PMID:** 35662584

**Citation:** Schnabel A, Reichl SU, Weibel S, Kranke P, Zahn PK, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Meyer-Friessem CH. Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in peripheral nerve blocks: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 Oct;35(10):745-758. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000870.

**PMID:** 30095549

**Citation:** Kaye AD, Chernobylsky DJ, Thakur P, Siddaiah H, Kaye RJ, Eng LK, Harbell MW, Lajaunie J, Cornett EM. Dexmedetomidine in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols for Postoperative Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2020 Apr 2;24(5):21. doi: 10.1007/s11916-020-00853-z.

**PMID:** 32240402

**Citation:** Gousheh M, Akhondzadeh R, Rashidi M, Olapour A, Moftakhar F. Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Morphine as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine for Epidural Anesthesia in Leg Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Pain Med. 2019 Aug 27;9(4):e91480. doi: 10.5812/aapm.91480. eCollection 2019 Aug.

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## Derived Section

### Intervention Browse Module - Ancestors

- ID: D000000779

- Term: Anesthetics, Local

- ID: D000000777

- Term: Anesthetics

- ID: D000002492

- Term: Central Nervous System Depressants

- ID: D000045505

- Term: Physiological Effects of Drugs

- ID: D000018689

- Term: Sensory System Agents

- ID: D000018373

- Term: Peripheral Nervous System Agents

- ID: D000006993

- Term: Hypnotics and Sedatives

- ID: D000018712

- Term: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

- ID: D000000700

- Term: Analgesics

- ID: D000058647

- Term: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists

- ID: D000000316

- Term: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists

- ID: D000000322

- Term: Adrenergic Agonists

- ID: D000018663

- Term: Adrenergic Agents

- ID: D000018377

- Term: Neurotransmitter Agents

- ID: D000045504

- Term: Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action

### Intervention Browse Module - Browse Branches

- Abbrev: Analg

- Name: Analgesics

- Abbrev: CNSDep

- Name: Central Nervous System Depressants

- Abbrev: All

- Name: All Drugs and Chemicals

### Intervention Browse Module - Browse Leaves

- ID: M22662

- Name: Dexmedetomidine

- Relevance: HIGH

- As Found: Twice daily

- ID: M5315

- Name: Bupivacaine

- Relevance: HIGH

- As Found: Following

- ID: M4107

- Name: Anesthetics

- Relevance: LOW

- As Found: Unknown

- ID: M4109

- Name: Anesthetics, Local

- Relevance: LOW

- As Found: Unknown

- ID: M10043

- Name: Hypnotics and Sedatives

- Relevance: LOW

- As Found: Unknown

- ID: M4032

- Name: Analgesics

- Relevance: LOW

- As Found: Unknown

- ID: M20786

- Name: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

- Relevance: LOW

- As Found: Unknown

- ID: M20746

- Name: Adrenergic Agents

- Relevance: LOW

- As Found: Unknown

- ID: M3668

- Name: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists

- Relevance: LOW

- As Found: Unknown

- ID: M3673

- Name: Adrenergic Agonists

- Relevance: LOW

- As Found: Unknown

- ID: M20504

- Name: Neurotransmitter Agents

- Relevance: LOW

- As Found: Unknown

### Intervention Browse Module - Meshes

- ID: D000020927

- Term: Dexmedetomidine

- ID: D000002045

- Term: Bupivacaine

### Misc Info Module

- Version Holder: 2024-05-24
