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// Stockholm
// Solution by Jacob Plachta
#define DEBUG 0
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstring>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <deque>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <bitset>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
#define LL long long
#define LD long double
#define PR pair<int,int>
#define Fox(i,n) for (i=0; i<n; i++)
#define Fox1(i,n) for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
#define FoxI(i,a,b) for (i=a; i<=b; i++)
#define FoxR(i,n) for (i=(n)-1; i>=0; i--)
#define FoxR1(i,n) for (i=n; i>0; i--)
#define FoxRI(i,a,b) for (i=b; i>=a; i--)
#define Foxen(i,s) for (i=s.begin(); i!=s.end(); i++)
#define Min(a,b) a=min(a,b)
#define Max(a,b) a=max(a,b)
#define Sz(s) int((s).size())
#define All(s) (s).begin(),(s).end()
#define Fill(s,v) memset(s,v,sizeof(s))
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define x first
#define y second
template<typename T> T Abs(T x) { return(x<0 ? -x : x); }
template<typename T> T Sqr(T x) { return(x*x); }
string plural(string s) { return(Sz(s) && s[Sz(s)-1]=='x' ? s+"en" : s+"s"); }
const int INF = (int)1e9;
const LD EPS = 1e-12;
const LD PI = acos(-1.0);
#if DEBUG
#define GETCHAR getchar
#else
#define GETCHAR getchar_unlocked
#endif
bool Read(int &x)
{
char c,r=0,n=0;
x=0;
for(;;)
{
c=GETCHAR();
if ((c<0) && (!r))
return(0);
if ((c=='-') && (!r))
n=1;
else
if ((c>='0') && (c<='9'))
x=x*10+c-'0',r=1;
else
if (r)
break;
}
if (n)
x=-x;
return(1);
}
pair<int,bool> Cost(string s)
{
if (!Sz(s))
return(mp(0,0));
int i=Sz(s)-1;
// delete equal digits from the end
while ((i) && (s[i]==s[i-1]))
i--;
// delete one more digit from the end
if (i)
i--;
// now empty?
if (!i)
return(mp(0,Sz(s)>=2 && s[0]==s[Sz(s)-1]));
pair<int,bool> c=Cost(s.substr(0,i));
c.x++;
return(c);
}
int main()
{
if (DEBUG)
freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
// vars
int T,t;
LL A,B;
string X,Y;
int p,ans;
pair<int,bool> c1,c2;
// testcase loop
Read(T);
Fox1(t,T)
{
// input
scanf("%lld%lld",&A,&B);
// convert nodes to binary
A++,B++;
X=Y="";
while (A)
X=char(A%2+'0')+X,A/=2;
while (B)
Y=char(B%2+'0')+Y,B/=2;
// find LCA
Fox(p,min(Sz(X),Sz(Y)))
if (X[p]!=Y[p])
break;
// compute costs to LCA
X=X.substr(p);
Y=Y.substr(p);
c1=Cost(X),c2=Cost(Y);
ans=c1.x+c2.x;
// at least one node is coming from the outside, and neither is the LCA?
if ((Sz(X)) && (Sz(Y)) && (c1.y || c2.y))
ans++;
// output
printf("Case #%d: %d\n",t,ans);
}
return(0);
} |