title: Sum Of All Elements Up To Nth Row In A Pascals Triangle
signature: long long sumOfAllElementsUpToNthRowInAPascalsTriangle(int n) {
test_code: #include <algorithm>
  #include <assert.h>
  #include <cstdlib>
  #include <iostream>
  #include <map>
  #include <set>
  #include <string>
  #include <tuple> 
  #include <unordered_map>
  #include <vector>
  #include <math.h>
  #include <cmath>
  #include <bits/stdc++.h>
  #include <numeric>
  #include <functional>
  
  using namespace std;
  
  // SOLUTION CODE
  // ============================================
  PLACEHOLDER_CODE_BODY
  
  // TESTING CODE 
  // ============================================
  bool validateSolution(long long actual, long long expected){
      return actual == expected;
  }
  
  string driver(int n, long long expected){
      try
      {
          if (validateSolution(PLACEHOLDER_FN_NAME(n), expected)){
              return "PASSED";
          }
          return "FAILED";
      }
      catch (const std::overflow_error& exception_obj)
      {
          return typeid(exception_obj).name();
      }
      catch (const std::runtime_error& exception_obj)
      {
          return typeid(exception_obj).name();
      }
      catch (const std::exception& exception_obj)
      {
          return typeid(exception_obj).name();
      }
      catch (...)
      {
          return "UNK_ERROR";
      }
  }
  
  int main() {
      string result = "";
  
      result = driver(21, 2097151); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 0 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver(4, 15); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 1 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver(31, 2147483647); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 2 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver(38, 274877906943); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 3 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver(36, 68719476735); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 4 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver(32, 4294967295); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 5 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver(23, 8388607); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 6 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      return 0;
  }
source_py: def sum_of_all_elements_up_to_nth_row_in_a_pascals_triangle(n):
      sum = 0
      for row in range(n):
          sum = (sum + (1 << row))
      return sum
source_cpp: long long int sum_of_all_elements_up_to_nth_row_in_a_pascals_triangle(int n) {
    long long int sum = 0;
    for ( int row = 0;
    row < n;
    row ++ ) {
      sum = sum + ( 1 << row );
    }
    return sum;
  }