title: Number Of Substrings With Odd Decimal Value In A Binary String
signature: int numberOfSubstringsWithOddDecimalValueInABinaryString(string s) {
test_code: #include <algorithm>
  #include <assert.h>
  #include <cstdlib>
  #include <iostream>
  #include <map>
  #include <set>
  #include <string>
  #include <tuple> 
  #include <unordered_map>
  #include <vector>
  #include <math.h>
  #include <cmath>
  #include <bits/stdc++.h>
  #include <numeric>
  #include <functional>
  
  using namespace std;
  
  // SOLUTION CODE
  // ============================================
  PLACEHOLDER_CODE_BODY
  
  // TESTING CODE 
  // ============================================
  bool validateSolution(int actual, int expected){
      return actual == expected;
  }
  
  string driver(string s, int expected){
      try
      {
          if (validateSolution(PLACEHOLDER_FN_NAME(s), expected)){
              return "PASSED";
          }
          return "FAILED";
      }
      catch (const std::overflow_error& exception_obj)
      {
          return typeid(exception_obj).name();
      }
      catch (const std::runtime_error& exception_obj)
      {
          return typeid(exception_obj).name();
      }
      catch (const std::exception& exception_obj)
      {
          return typeid(exception_obj).name();
      }
      catch (...)
      {
          return "UNK_ERROR";
      }
  }
  
  int main() {
      string result = "";
  
      result = driver("OGiOkJF", 0); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 0 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver("517376", 1); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 1 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver("11", 3); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 2 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver("Ze", 0); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 3 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver("8763644247018", 1); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 4 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver("00111010001", 15); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 5 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver("HGwkBKUOVu", 0); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 6 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver("652", 0); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 7 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver("101000011110", 21); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 8 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      result = driver("kvdpG ", 0); 
      cout << "TEST-" << 9 << "..."
           <<  result
           << "\n";
  
      return 0;
  }
source_py: def number_of_substrings_with_odd_decimal_value_in_a_binary_string(s):
      n = len(s)
      auxArr = [0 for i in range(n)]
      if (s[0] == '1'):
          auxArr[0] = 1
      for i in range(0, n):
          if (s[i] == '1'):
              auxArr[i] = (auxArr[(i - 1)] + 1)
          else:
              auxArr[i] = auxArr[(i - 1)]
      count = 0
      for i in range((n - 1), (- 1), (- 1)):
          if (s[i] == '1'):
              count += auxArr[i]
      return count
source_cpp: int number_of_substrings_with_odd_decimal_value_in_a_binary_string(string s) {
    int n = s . length ( );
    int auxArr [ n ] = {
      0 };
      if ( s [ 0 ] == '1' ) auxArr [ 0 ] = 1;
      for ( int i = 1;
      i < n;
      i ++ ) {
        if ( s [ i ] == '1' ) auxArr [ i ] = auxArr [ i - 1 ] + 1;
        else auxArr [ i ] = auxArr [ i - 1 ];
      }
      int count = 0;
      for ( int i = n - 1;
      i >= 0;
      i -- ) if ( s [ i ] == '1' ) count += auxArr [ i ];
      return count;
    }