title: Modular Exponentiation Power In Modular Arithmetic
signature: modularExponentiationPowerInModularArithmetic :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer -> Integer
  modularExponentiationPowerInModularArithmetic x y p = 
test_code: import Text.Printf
  import Control.Exception (catch, SomeException)
  import Data.Typeable
  import qualified Data.List as List
  import qualified Data.Map as Map
  import qualified Data.Set as Set
  
  -- SOLUTION CODE
  -- ============================================
  
  PLACEHOLDER_CODE_BODY
  
  -- TESTING CODE 
  -- ============================================
  validateSolution :: Integer -> Integer -> Bool
  validateSolution actual expected = do
      actual == expected
  
  
  driver :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer -> Integer -> String
  driver x y p expected = do
      if (validateSolution (PLACEHOLDER_FN_NAME x y p) expected)
          then "PASSED"
      else "FAILED"
  
  main = do
      printf "TEST-0...%s\n" (driver (45) (5) (68) (61) )
  
      printf "TEST-1...%s\n" (driver (67) (25) (49) (18) )
  
      printf "TEST-2...%s\n" (driver (26) (91) (44) (4) )
  
      printf "TEST-3...%s\n" (driver (33) (61) (9) (0) )
  
      printf "TEST-4...%s\n" (driver (35) (8) (13) (3) )
  
      printf "TEST-5...%s\n" (driver (68) (41) (5) (3) )
  
      printf "TEST-6...%s\n" (driver (14) (76) (20) (16) )
  
      printf "TEST-7...%s\n" (driver (5) (89) (13) (5) )
  
      printf "TEST-8...%s\n" (driver (23) (42) (45) (19) )
  
      printf "TEST-9...%s\n" (driver (37) (63) (56) (29) )
  
source_py: def modular_exponentiation_power_in_modular_arithmetic(x, y, p):
      res = 1
      x = (x % p)
      while (y > 0):
          if ((y & 1) == 1):
              res = ((res * x) % p)
          y = (y >> 1)
          x = ((x * x) % p)
      return res
source_cpp: int modular_exponentiation_power_in_modular_arithmetic(int x, unsigned int y, int p) {
    int res = 1;
    x = x % p;
    while ( y > 0 ) {
      if ( y & 1 ) res = ( res * x ) % p;
      y = y >> 1;
      x = ( x * x ) % p;
    }
    return res;
  }