title: Lower Insertion Point
signature: function lower_insertion_point(arr, n, x)
test_code: 
  
  -- SOLUTION CODE
  -- ============================================
  PLACEHOLDER_CODE_BODY
  
  -- TESTING CODE 
  -- ============================================
  function isCorrect(actual, expected)
      if type(expected) ~= type(actual) then
          return false
      end
      
      if type(expected) == 'table' then
          for k,v_expected in pairs(expected) do
              
              if actual[k] == nil then
                  return false
              end
              local v_actual = actual[k]
              if not isCorrect(v_actual, v_expected) then
                  return false
              end
              actual[k]=nil
          end
      
          if next(actual) then 
              return false
          end
          return true
      else
          return actual == expected
      end
  end
  
  function validateSolution(actual, expected)
      return isCorrect(actual,expected)
  end
  
  function driver(arr, n, x, expected)
      local exec_result;
      local status, error_msg = pcall(function () 
          exec_result=PLACEHOLDER_FN_NAME(arr, n, x) 
      end)
      if status then
          if validateSolution(exec_result,expected) then
              return "PASSED"
          end
          return "FAILED"
      else
          return string.format("ERROR=%s",string.gsub(error_msg,".*:[%d]+: ",""))
      end
  end
      
  function main()
      result = driver({1, 2, 5, 5, 16, 16, 20, 26, 32, 35, 39, 39, 41, 44, 48, 48, 51, 59, 59, 62, 66, 66, 70, 74, 75, 78, 80, 86, 86, 96}, 17, 29, 8)
      print(string.format("TEST-0...%s",result))
  
      result = driver({-76, 80, -6, -2, 50, 72, 84, -56, 70, 8, 48, 6, -24, -50, -72}, 14, 9, 14)
      print(string.format("TEST-1...%s",result))
  
      result = driver({0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}, 8, 4, 8)
      print(string.format("TEST-2...%s",result))
  
      result = driver({74, 65, 84, 71}, 2, 3, 0)
      print(string.format("TEST-3...%s",result))
  
      result = driver({-96, -92, -90, -86, -84, -76, -76, -62, -58, -54, -50, -50, -44, -42, -38, -34, -14, -8, 6, 12, 24, 38, 40, 50, 62, 84, 86, 92}, 19, 19, 19)
      print(string.format("TEST-4...%s",result))
  
      result = driver({1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}, 12, 17, 12)
      print(string.format("TEST-5...%s",result))
  
      result = driver({6, 10, 14, 14, 16, 19, 23, 23, 25, 26, 29, 34, 42, 42, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 51, 56, 59, 65, 69, 72, 75, 78, 79, 80, 82, 82, 82, 84, 85, 91, 98}, 31, 24, 8)
      print(string.format("TEST-6...%s",result))
  
      result = driver({-90, -2, 22, -2, 58, -2, 96, 38, 36, -66, -98, 22, -80, -32, 22, 0, -34, -16, 82, 76, 12, 84, 66, 8, 32, 18, -98, -10}, 22, 16, 2)
      print(string.format("TEST-7...%s",result))
  
      result = driver({0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}, 3, 5, 3)
      print(string.format("TEST-8...%s",result))
  
      result = driver({85, 59, 22, 52, 93, 14, 42, 71, 69, 15, 52, 78, 35, 61, 92, 90, 70, 48, 47, 72, 74, 46, 22, 74, 83, 32, 14, 24, 18, 27, 18, 68, 29, 31}, 19, 33, 0)
      print(string.format("TEST-9...%s",result))
  
  end
  
  main()
source_py: def lower_insertion_point(arr, n, X):
      if (X < arr[0]):
          return 0
      elif (X > arr[(n - 1)]):
          return n
      lowerPnt = 0
      i = 1
      while ((i < n) and (arr[i] < X)):
          lowerPnt = i
          i = (i * 2)
      while ((lowerPnt < n) and (arr[lowerPnt] < X)):
          lowerPnt += 1
      return lowerPnt
source_cpp: int lower_insertion_point(vector<int> arr, int n, int X) {
    if ( X < arr [ 0 ] ) return 0;
    else if ( X > arr [ n - 1 ] ) return n;
    int lowerPnt = 0;
    int i = 1;
    while ( i < n && arr [ i ] < X ) {
      lowerPnt = i;
      i = i * 2;
    }
    while ( lowerPnt < n && arr [ lowerPnt ] < X ) lowerPnt ++;
    return lowerPnt;
  }