title: Position Element Stable Sort
signature: function positionElementStableSort(arr: Array<number>, n: number, idx: number): number {
test_code: 
  
  // SOLUTION CODE
  // ============================================
  PLACEHOLDER_CODE_BODY
  
  // TESTING CODE 
  // ============================================
  function convertToString(value: any): string{
      return JSON.stringify(value, function (key, val) {
          if (val instanceof Set) {
              return Array.from(val);
          } return val;});
  }
  
  function validateSolution(actual: number, expected: number): boolean {
      return convertToString(actual) === convertToString(expected);
  }
  
  function driver(arr: Array<number>, n: number, idx: number, expected:number): string {
      try{
          if (validateSolution(PLACEHOLDER_FN_NAME(arr, n, idx),expected)){
              return "PASSED";
          }
          return "FAILED";
      } catch (error) {
        return error.name;
      }
      
  }
      
  function main(){
    let result = '';
    result = driver([4, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 18, 28, 28, 31, 33, 36, 36, 37, 40, 41, 44, 44, 46, 50, 50, 50, 52, 52, 54, 55, 60, 61, 65, 68, 71, 75, 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 89, 90, 92, 94, 97, 97, 98, 98, 99], 37, 32, 32);
    console.log(`TEST-0...${result}`);
  
    result = driver([-16, 86, 94, -86, -38, 64, 96, -64, 94, 10, -10, -62, -50, -46, -62, -32, -4, 72, 14, 36, 74, -66, 46, 82, -44, -22, -26, 16, -8, 0, -90, 94, -50, 22, -82, 8, 92, -84, -34, -36, -66], 31, 27, 20);
    console.log(`TEST-1...${result}`);
  
    result = driver([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], 30, 34, 30);
    console.log(`TEST-2...${result}`);
  
    result = driver([66, 8, 30, 84, 36, 96, 45, 63, 23, 23, 14, 34, 86, 51, 18, 97, 21, 39, 96, 70, 28, 96, 78, 68, 88, 66, 13, 24, 74, 94], 26, 21, 24);
    console.log(`TEST-3...${result}`);
  
    result = driver([-94, -90, -86, -86, -72, -72, -58, -50, -32, -22, -18, -10, -4, -2, -2, 0, 0, 6, 14, 22, 22, 36, 36, 40, 44, 58, 60, 70, 70, 76, 82, 82, 84, 88, 96], 17, 31, 17);
    console.log(`TEST-4...${result}`);
  
    result = driver([1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1], 30, 36, 14);
    console.log(`TEST-5...${result}`);
  
    result = driver([3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 17, 20, 20, 26, 27, 27, 27, 32, 32, 38, 40, 44, 45, 45, 45, 45, 47, 50, 57, 57, 57, 58, 62, 63, 63, 67, 68, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 79, 80, 85, 88, 89, 89, 89, 94, 96, 98], 42, 35, 35);
    console.log(`TEST-6...${result}`);
  
    result = driver([98, -92, 18, -18, 44, -88, -90, -66, -38, 78, -22, -46, -20, 64, -10, 54], 14, 12, 7);
    console.log(`TEST-7...${result}`);
  
    result = driver([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], 19, 31, 19);
    console.log(`TEST-8...${result}`);
  
    result = driver([14, 17], 1, 1, 1);
    console.log(`TEST-9...${result}`);
  
  };
  
  main();
source_py: def position_element_stable_sort(arr, n, idx):
      result = 0
      for i in range(n):
          if (arr[i] < arr[idx]):
              result += 1
          if ((arr[i] == arr[idx]) and (i < idx)):
              result += 1
      return result
source_cpp: int position_element_stable_sort(vector<int> arr, int n, int idx) {
    int result = 0;
    for ( int i = 0;
    i < n;
    i ++ ) {
      if ( arr [ i ] < arr [ idx ] ) result ++;
      if ( arr [ i ] == arr [ idx ] && i < idx ) result ++;
    }
    return result;
  }