{ "cells": [ { "metadata": {}, "cell_type": "markdown", "source": "生成答案是原始文本的Multiple Choice的prompt(考虑了多种语言的格式,使用4options)", "id": "4014b144267b2774" }, { "metadata": { "ExecuteTime": { "end_time": "2024-09-09T10:08:38.914495Z", "start_time": "2024-09-09T10:08:21.937090Z" } }, "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "from datasets import load_dataset\n", "import os\n", "import json\n", "\n", "# Load the dataset\n", "dataset = load_dataset(\"fzkuji/cmb\", 'CMB-Exam', trust_remote_code=True)\n", "\n", "# Define the save path\n", "save_path = f\"./data/llama-factory\" # Change this path to your local directory\n", "os.makedirs(save_path, exist_ok=True)\n", "\n", "# Function to save data as JSON with specified columns\n", "def save_as_json(data, filename):\n", " file_path = os.path.join(save_path, filename)\n", " \n", " data_to_save = []\n", " for item in data:\n", " # Extract the option texts and generate option letters dynamically\n", " option_texts = []\n", " option_letters = []\n", " for idx, option in enumerate(item['option']):\n", " # Handle different data structures for options\n", " if isinstance(option, dict):\n", " option_text = option.get('value', '')\n", " else:\n", " option_text = str(option)\n", " option_texts.append(option_text)\n", " option_letters.append(chr(65 + idx)) # Generate letters 'A', 'B', etc.\n", " \n", " # Create a mapping for the current item\n", " dict_num = {letter: idx for idx, letter in enumerate(option_letters)}\n", " \n", " # Process the answer keys, assuming Answer is a single string of concatenated letters (e.g., \"ABC\")\n", " answer_keys = item['answer']\n", "\n", " if isinstance(answer_keys, str):\n", " # 判断answer_keys的类型,如果不是ABCDE的子集,就跳过\n", " if not set(answer_keys).issubset(set('ABCDE')):\n", " print(f\"Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '{item['question']}': {type(answer_keys)}\")\n", " continue\n", " else:\n", " # Split the answer string into individual letters (e.g., \"ABC\" -> ['A', 'B', 'C'])\n", " answer_keys = list(answer_keys)\n", " elif isinstance(answer_keys, list):\n", " pass # Already a list\n", " elif answer_keys is None:\n", " print(f\"Warning: Answer is None for item '{item['question']}', skipping...\")\n", " continue # Skip items with no answer\n", " else:\n", " # Skip if 'Answer' is not a string or list\n", " print(f\"Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '{item['question']}': {type(answer_keys)}\")\n", " continue\n", " \n", " # Map the answer keys to the actual option texts, but skip keys that are out of range\n", " answer_text = []\n", " for ans in answer_keys:\n", " if ans in dict_num:\n", " idx = dict_num[ans]\n", " answer_text.append(option_texts[idx])\n", " else:\n", " print(f\"Warning: Answer '{ans}' not found in options for item '{item['question']}'\")\n", " \n", " # Construct the input text\n", " input_text = f\"问题:{item['question']}\\n选项:\\n\" + \"\\n\".join(\n", " [f\"\\t{letter}. {text}。\" for letter, text in zip(option_letters, option_texts)]\n", " )\n", " \n", " # Add the instruction, input, and output to the data\n", " if answer_text:\n", " instruction = (\n", " f\"假设您是一名医生,正在参加{item['exam_type']}中的{item['exam_class']}考试,科目为{item['exam_subject']},题型为{item['question_type']}。请回答以下选择题,并输出答案的文本内容(不包含选项序号)。\"\n", " )\n", " data_to_save.append({\n", " \"instruction\": instruction,\n", " \"input\": input_text,\n", " \"output\": \",\".join(answer_text) # Join multiple answers with commas\n", " })\n", " else:\n", " print(f\"Warning: No valid answers for item '{item['question']}', skipping...\")\n", " \n", " # Write the modified data to a JSON file\n", " with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:\n", " json.dump(data_to_save, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)\n", "\n", "# Save the modified data for train, validation, and test splits\n", "save_as_json(dataset['train'], 'train.json')\n", "save_as_json(dataset['val'], 'validation.json')\n", "save_as_json(dataset['test'], 'test.json')\n" ], "id": "797265c4afe0840f", "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,36岁,因乏力、腹胀伴四肢软瘫半月来诊。体检:神清,面红,全身皮肤较黑,多座疮,口周小须,毳毛增生。胸腹部脂肪肥厚,下腹部宽大紫纹。下列检查结果中,哪些可能出现': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '宫颈癌累及膀胱及直肠以下临床分期是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列思维形式障碍中,对精神分裂症有重要诊断意义的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女性,50岁。因“颜面部及双上肢出现紫红色斑块、刺痛感一周”就诊。患者一周前无明显诱因于左面颊、右上肢出现紫红色斑块、刺痛感,并逐渐扩大。于当地医院输液“消炎”治疗5天,皮疹无好转,且双手背静脉穿刺处出现新的红色结节。患者平日体健,无药物过敏史及传染病史。査体:一般情况尚可,体温37.8°C ,全身浅表淋巴结无肿大,心肺腹部均无异常征象。专检:左眼眶周围及左面颧部、右前臂可见境界较清楚的紫红色斑块及结节,其边缘有针尖状水疱,双手背静脉穿刺处亦见红色结节,皮疹均有触痛。辅助检查:血WBC 1.3×109,N 89%,ESR 56.0mm/h,尿常规:阴性。皮肤组织病理学检査示:真皮乳头水肿,血管周围大量嗜中性粒细胞浸润、可见核尘,小血管轻度扩张,内皮细胞肿胀,有少量淋巴细胞浸润。 依据病史、皮疹特点及辅助检查,本病的诊断为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,25岁。不慎从4米高处跌下,半小时后被送入急诊室。体检:血压30/15mmHg,神清,气促,面色苍白,四肢发凉,脉细弱,左侧胸压痛明显、胸廓塌陷、有骨擦感及反常呼吸征,左胸见一2cm×2.5cm创口,可听到气体出入创口响声,左侧呼吸音消失,右侧呼吸音减低。询问伤情时还应重点了解哪些情况': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女性,22岁。未婚处女,13岁月经初潮,周期基本规律。近半年来月经期延长,淋漓不尽。肛门指诊:子宫右侧可触及与子宫相连的囊实性不活动肿块,直径约7cm,轻度压痛,未触及痛性结节。本病例最可能的诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女性,48岁。孕1产1,20年前剖腹生产。近2月来经量减少,周期如常,无痛经,末次月经在10天前。腹胀3个月,进行性加重,腹部逐渐膨大,食欲下降,体重略减轻,二便正常。腹部检查结果:腹部外观呈“蛙腹状”,移动浊音(+);妇科检查:外阴:(-);阴道(-);宫颈光滑,子宫附件因腹胀明显触诊不清;三合诊:子宫-直肠凹内触及“月牙样”硬性结节。无肝炎及结核病史。母亲75岁,曾患乳腺癌。本病人可能的临床诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,30岁,搬家公司工人,工作时不慎被家具砸伤右前臂,18小时后急诊来院,诉右前臂疼痛剧烈,右手主动活动障碍。査体见右前臂明显肿胀、压痛可能的诊断有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,男性,27岁。因全身起皮疹5天伴发热就诊。患者6天前因咳嗽、流涕,自服阿莫西林、板蓝根冲剂等药物,5天前出现皮疹,渐泛发全身,当地治疗效果不佳,病程中伴发热、食欲差,大小便正常。患者既往有头孢类药物过敏史。查体:患者全身可见红斑、部分呈靶形损害,手足及四肢末端有豆粒及鸽蛋大水疱,口腔黏膜及眼黏膜糜烂。 你认为首要的处理措施是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '2岁男孩,因反复咳嗽、喘息6个月入院。患儿间断出现咳嗽、喘息,夜间重,有时低热。查体:双肺听诊可及哮鸣音及粗细湿啰音,血常规:WBC 7×109/L,N48%,L50%。为了明确诊断可选择的检查有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,25岁。不慎从4米高处跌下,半小时后被送入急诊室。体检:血压30/15mmHg,神清,气促,面色苍白,四肢发凉,脉细弱,左侧胸压痛明显、胸廓塌陷、有骨擦感及反常呼吸征,左胸见一2cm×2.5cm创口,可听到气体出入创口响声,左侧呼吸音消失,右侧呼吸音减低。最紧急的处理应该是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,52岁。右侧胸痛、刺激性咳嗽4周,活动后气促2周,无发热,无盗汗,活动后气促。查体:气管居中,右侧肺叩诊浊音,呼吸音消失。胸片、B超提示右侧大量胸腔积液为明确诊断,该患者下一步检查措施': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女,23岁。因反复发作贫血1年,加重1月伴肌肉酸痛和食欲缺乏,来门诊看病。1年多前无明显诱因出现乏力,伴双大腿肌肉酸痛和活动障碍,并逐渐出现双肩胛区肌肉、双上肢肌肉疼痛和乏力,双手不能上抬。在当地医院查血常规等检查后诊为自身免疫性贫血,给予激素治疗后好转,但患者不规则服用激素治疗1个月后停药。半年前上述症状再发,且较前加重,伴有发热,最高达38℃。发热时,肌肉疼痛加剧,在当地医院给予鱼腥草、氨苄青霉素治疗后,体温可下降至正常,但1至2天后体温又再上升,症状反复。由于经济困难,中断治疗。近来胃口差,进食少,体重下降约20斤。患病以来,月经停止。查体:慢性病容,精神较差,体态消瘦,头发稀疏,面部水肿,面部可见大片状红斑,双眼无神,分泌物较多,眼睑较苍白。心肺腹正常。四肢肌肉萎缩,活动受限,压痛阳性,以双大腿肌肉明显,无红肿,无皮温升高,双上肢不能上抬。四肢多个大小关节均有压痛,活动受限,无明显红肿。患者生活中有哪些注意事项': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,36岁。因腹痛3天就诊。超声检查:腹主动脉和腹腔动脉周围有多发性低回声结节,部分结节相互融合成分叶状肿块,边界清楚。常引起腹膜后淋巴结转移的原发恶性肿瘤,不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,35岁。因鼻塞、流涕3天伴咽痛、咳嗽两天就诊。自服“感冒通”等稍好转。无明显发热、咳痰及胸痛等。查体:T37.3℃,神志清,呼吸平顺,唇甲无发绀,咽稍红,双侧扁桃体无肿大。气管居中,双肺叩诊清音,未闻明显干湿啰音。下面哪些可能是引起该病的病原体': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,25岁。不慎从4米高处跌下,半小时后被送入急诊室。体检:血压30/15mmHg,神清,气促,面色苍白,四肢发凉,脉细弱,左侧胸压痛明显、胸廓塌陷、有骨擦感及反常呼吸征,左胸见一2cm×2.5cm创口,可听到气体出入创口响声,左侧呼吸音消失,右侧呼吸音减低。体格检查时,还应重点检査哪些项目': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,40岁,生活在北方农村,头痛、发 作性抽搐2个月,2个月内发生抽搐3次,表现为全 面性强直-阵挛发作,近1周头痛加重,为全头痛伴 恶心、呕吐。查体:36.7℃,神志清,反应较迟钝,颅神经未见异常,四肢肌力5级,肌张力略增高,右侧肢体肌反射活跃,左侧肢体肌反射亢进,双侧病理反射阳性,诊断为症状性癫痫,全面性强直-阵挛发作收入院。病人入院当日再发癫痫1次,表现为全面性强直-阵挛发作,给予安定后控制发作,同时给卡马西平治疗。其可能的病因应考虑': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女性,24岁,已婚。因反复发作口腔溃疡3年、外阴溃烂3周余就诊。一年前曾患“结膜炎”,已治愈。无结核史,否认婚外冶游史。查体:上下唇黏膜、齿龈见数个米粒大小散在表浅性溃疡、周围红晕。背部见多个毛囊性炎性丘疹、丘疱疹及小结节。双侧小阴唇潮红、各见两枚绿豆至黄豆大小的溃疡、形状不规则、边缘较整齐、基底平坦、无明显分泌物,触痛明显。阴道及宫颈未见异常。 依据病史及检查,本病的考虑诊断为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '麻疹的主要并发症状是:': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,女,3岁。因发热3天,咳嗽2日伴腹痛而来诊。查体:T40℃,神志清,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,颈软,颈部可及黄豆大淋巴结3〜4枚,活动,有压痛,心肺(一),腹稍胀,质软,满腹痛,以脐周为主,无腹肌紧张和固定压痛点,血象Hb128g/L,WBC8.9×109/L,L78%,N22%。可能的诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '老年男性,66岁,既往有胆囊结石病史,因上腹痛4小时由家属送诊,查体:意识淡漠,血压90/50mmHg,右上腹部肌紧张。可能的诊断为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '非淋菌尿道炎': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,52岁。右侧胸痛、刺激性咳嗽4周,活动后气促2周,无发热,无盗汗,活动后气促。查体:气管居中,右侧肺叩诊浊音,呼吸音消失。胸片、B超提示右侧大量胸腔积液胸腔穿刺为血性胸腔积液,胸水找到癌细胞,对于治疗,下列哪些说法是错误的': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '宫颈癌累及膀胱及直肠,临床分期是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女,23岁。因反复发作贫血1年,加重1月伴肌肉酸痛和食欲缺乏,来门诊看病。1年多前无明显诱因出现乏力,伴双大腿肌肉酸痛和活动障碍,并逐渐出现双肩胛区肌肉、双上肢肌肉疼痛和乏力,双手不能上抬。在当地医院查血常规等检查后诊为自身免疫性贫血,给予激素治疗后好转,但患者不规则服用激素治疗1个月后停药。半年前上述症状再发,且较前加重,伴有发热,最高达38℃。发热时,肌肉疼痛加剧,在当地医院给予鱼腥草、氨苄青霉素治疗后,体温可下降至正常,但1至2天后体温又再上升,症状反复。由于经济困难,中断治疗。近来胃口差,进食少,体重下降约20斤。患病以来,月经停止。查体:慢性病容,精神较差,体态消瘦,头发稀疏,面部水肿,面部可见大片状红斑,双眼无神,分泌物较多,眼睑较苍白。心肺腹正常。四肢肌肉萎缩,活动受限,压痛阳性,以双大腿肌肉明显,无红肿,无皮温升高,双上肢不能上抬。四肢多个大小关节均有压痛,活动受限,无明显红肿。门诊辅助检査主要包括哪些项目': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,男,18岁。因反复发作腰背痛4个月,加重1月伴晨僵,来门诊看病。家族成员中无驼背患者。查体,骶髂关节压痛阳性,腰椎活动度检查Schober试验阴性,枕墙距为0,胸廓活动度可。骶髂关节磁共振提示,双侧骶髂关节炎。根据检查结果,该患者诊断为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者王某,男,56岁,农民。因“左侧额部起斑疹、渐增大6个月余”就诊。患者半年前无明显诱因于左侧额部突然出现一绿豆大小的暗红色斑疹,边缘略隆起,表面覆着少许细小白色鳞屑,无痛痒,未予重视。以后皮疹边缘渐向周围蔓延、扩大至甲盖大小,颜色变成灰棕色,且日晒或局部冷热刺激后有瘙痒感。自行外搽0.1%维A酸乳膏,皮疹不见好转。尤其近2个月来,局部皮疹已增大至鸡蛋大小,影响了患者容貌。发病来,患者无长期低热、无头痛头晕、无全身关节酸痛等症状,体重无明显减轻。既往史和个人史无特殊。否认家族遗传病史及类似病史。 本病确诊后最佳的治疗方法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列肺部感染病例的经验性抗菌治疗宜选择:女性,58岁。因食管癌手术治疗,手术后持续发热,咳嗽,痰多不易咳出,伴气急和低氧血症,行气管切开机械通气治疗已2d,病情未见改善。胸片示两下肺支气管肺炎': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,33岁。因“乏力、面色苍白,排浓茶色尿2周”入院,伴脱发、关节酸痛。查体:贫血貌,皮肤黄染,无皮疹和出血点,全身浅表淋巴结未触及,肝未及,脾肋下lcm。为明确诊断,还需完善哪些检查血常规': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '白疕的辨证类型有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '白疕的辨证类型有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下药物中哪些是黄连解毒汤的药物'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下药物中哪些是黄连解毒汤的药物', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '6-2': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '药毒的诊断要点是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '药毒的诊断要点是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下哪些为虫咬皮炎的临床特点'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下哪些为虫咬皮炎的临床特点', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下哪几项属于风热疮的临床特点'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下哪几项属于风热疮的临床特点', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '临床上黧黑斑辨证分为'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '临床上黧黑斑辨证分为', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '8-1': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '8-5': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下哪些属于男性急性淋病的临床症状'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下哪些属于男性急性淋病的临床症状', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '接触性皮炎与湿疮相比较,下列哪几项支持前者的诊断'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '接触性皮炎与湿疮相比较,下列哪几项支持前者的诊断', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '7-1': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '湿疮外治原则中下列哪些说法正确'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '湿疮外治原则中下列哪些说法正确', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下检测方法中,不能确定目前存在幽门螺杆菌感染的是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下检测方法中,不能确定目前存在幽门螺杆菌感染的是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '2-5': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '肛裂的形成与下列哪些因素有关'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '肛裂的形成与下列哪些因素有关', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '风瘙痒的临床特点包括'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '风瘙痒的临床特点包括', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下哪些属于黧黑斑致病的病因病机'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下哪些属于黧黑斑致病的病因病机', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '药毒的诊断包括'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '药毒的诊断包括', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '皮肤病的局部自觉症状有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '皮肤病的局部自觉症状有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '引起瘤、岩的病因多为'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '引起瘤、岩的病因多为', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下哪些属于尖锐湿疣的诊断要点'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下哪些属于尖锐湿疣的诊断要点', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '猫眼疮的病因病机包括'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '猫眼疮的病因病机包括', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '2-3': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下哪些属于男性慢性淋病的临床症状'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下哪些属于男性慢性淋病的临床症状', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '老年男性患有乳疬时可伴有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '老年男性患有乳疬时可伴有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '下列哪些是瘾疹的症状'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '下列哪些是瘾疹的症状', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '阳证疮疡成脓的特点是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '阳证疮疡成脓的特点是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '唇茧的发生与哪些肺腑的功能失调有关'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '唇茧的发生与哪些肺腑的功能失调有关', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '1-3': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '血管瘤治疗中的外治法多采用'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '血管瘤治疗中的外治法多采用', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '下列哪项为系统性红蝴蝶疮的特点'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '下列哪项为系统性红蝴蝶疮的特点', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '瘾疹的临床表现有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '瘾疹的临床表现有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下哪些属于瓜藤缠的皮损特点'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下哪些属于瓜藤缠的皮损特点', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '5-4': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下哪几项属于疣目的外治法'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下哪几项属于疣目的外治法', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '瘾疹的病因与下列哪几项有关'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '瘾疹的病因与下列哪几项有关', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '3-3': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '3-2': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '以下哪些属于脚湿气的临床特点'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下哪些属于脚湿气的临床特点', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '与皮肤病有关的常见外因是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '与皮肤病有关的常见外因是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '注射法可用于治疗'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '注射法可用于治疗', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '黄水疮的临床特点包括'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '黄水疮的临床特点包括', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '外科疾病的主要发病机理是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '外科疾病的主要发病机理是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '当见到大便出血的患者时,需要考虑的肛肠疾病有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '当见到大便出血的患者时,需要考虑的肛肠疾病有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '4-3': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '治疗瘿病常选择的药物有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '治疗瘿病常选择的药物有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '油风临床辨证分为'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '油风临床辨证分为', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '下列哪几项属于瘾疹的临床证型'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '下列哪几项属于瘾疹的临床证型', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '直肠癌的症状有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '直肠癌的症状有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '周围血管征不包括( )。': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '4-1': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '有头疽内陷变证可发生于'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '有头疽内陷变证可发生于', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '根据白疕的临床特点可分为'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '根据白疕的临床特点可分为', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '湿疮的特点有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '湿疮的特点有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '5-5': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '诊断银屑病的依据是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '诊断银屑病的依据是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '下列关于油风的叙述正确的有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '下列关于油风的叙述正确的有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '瘾疹的病因与下列哪几点有关'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '瘾疹的病因与下列哪几点有关', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '药毒的诊断要点除有用药史外,还有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '药毒的诊断要点除有用药史外,还有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '粉刺的好发部位是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '粉刺的好发部位是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '粉刺样乳痈的临床表现包括'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '粉刺样乳痈的临床表现包括', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '7-3': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '1-4': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '寻常型白疕的组织病例理示'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '寻常型白疕的组织病例理示', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '药毒的病因病机有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '药毒的病因病机有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '诊断面游风的依据是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '诊断面游风的依据是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '6-1': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '2岁男孩,因“发热、咳嗽、呼吸急促9天,加重伴嗜睡及呼吸困难2天”入院。曾在当地诊断“支气管炎”用“青霉素”治疗4天,无好转,发热、咳嗽加重,并出现呼吸急促及唇周发绀,住院治疗,拍胸片示肺炎,予“头孢曲松”及对症治疗5天,发热程度加重,咳嗽无痰,精神萎靡,食欲差,嗜睡、抽搐2次,约持续1分钟,抽搐后神智清,但嗜睡加重。查体发现颈项强直。追问病史其祖父有结核病病史,并曾照顾患儿。应尽快实施的辅助检查是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,25岁。不慎从4米高处跌下,半小时后被送入急诊室。体检:血压30/15mmHg,神清,气促,面色苍白,四肢发凉,脉细弱,左侧胸压痛明显、胸廓塌陷、有骨擦感及反常呼吸征,左胸见一2cm×2.5cm创口,可听到气体出入创口响声,左侧呼吸音消失,右侧呼吸音减低。最紧急的处理应该是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男孩,4岁。因“咳喘2天,气喘加剧半天”就诊。查体:体温正常,吸气性呼吸困难,口唇微绀,听诊两肺广泛哮鸣音,心率140次/分,既往有哮喘发作史5次,有过敏史,其母亦有哮喘史。若不能缓解,立即选择哪种药物喷雾吸入': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,50岁,间断呕吐、腹泻2年,双下肢浮肿2个月来诊。曾就诊发现胸腔积液、贫血。2个月前尿中泡沫增多。查体:BP135/80mmHg,头发稀疏,双下肢重度浮肿。WBC1.9×109/L,Hb77g/L,PLT180×109/L。结果显示24小时尿蛋白3.8g,CRP0.22mg/dl,RF20IU/L,C3降低,ESR80mm/h,ANA1:1000(+),肝肾功正常,哪种物理检查有帮助': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女性,65岁。因自觉食欲明显增加半年前来就诊。自觉“长胖很多”。经有关检查示:C-肽释放试验结果为空腹580pmol/L,1小时1120pmol/L,2小时1650pmol/L,3小时866pmol/L;糖化血红蛋白11%;24小时尿C-肽为18.4μg%,24小时尿蛋白118mg。体型较肥胖。目前治疗应采取什么措施': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《医疗废物管理条例》适用于医疗废物的': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '宫颈癌累及膀胱及直肠以下临床分期是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,19岁,左膝、右足跟腱周围肿痛2周,右足跟行走痛1个月来诊。否认外伤及阴冷潮湿史。无发热。可选择的药物': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女,23岁。因反复发作贫血1年,加重1月伴肌肉酸痛和食欲缺乏,来门诊看病。1年多前无明显诱因出现乏力,伴双大腿肌肉酸痛和活动障碍,并逐渐出现双肩胛区肌肉、双上肢肌肉疼痛和乏力,双手不能上抬。在当地医院查血常规等检查后诊为自身免疫性贫血,给予激素治疗后好转,但患者不规则服用激素治疗1个月后停药。半年前上述症状再发,且较前加重,伴有发热,最高达38℃。发热时,肌肉疼痛加剧,在当地医院给予鱼腥草、氨苄青霉素治疗后,体温可下降至正常,但1至2天后体温又再上升,症状反复。由于经济困难,中断治疗。近来胃口差,进食少,体重下降约20斤。患病以来,月经停止。查体:慢性病容,精神较差,体态消瘦,头发稀疏,面部水肿,面部可见大片状红斑,双眼无神,分泌物较多,眼睑较苍白。心肺腹正常。四肢肌肉萎缩,活动受限,压痛阳性,以双大腿肌肉明显,无红肿,无皮温升高,双上肢不能上抬。四肢多个大小关节均有压痛,活动受限,无明显红肿。患者生活中有哪些注意事项': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,女性,5岁,因右下肢跛行3年而入院。患儿2岁方学会走路,当时被发现右下肢行走不稳,升降步态,无外伤史。体检:体温36.6℃,右下肢无红肿、无压痛,下肢肌力正常,皮肤感觉正常,右髋关节屈伸正常,外展稍受限,其余关节活动正常。关于先天性髋关节部位(CDH)的病理变化,下述哪些是正确的': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女孩15岁,因身材矮小就诊,査体:身高135cm,体重45kg,发际低,颈侧皮肤松弛,面部及前胸散在较多的痣,智能发育正常。胸比较宽,两侧乳头间距增宽,乳房未发育,无阴毛及腋毛,外生殖器婴儿型。心肺听诊无异常。追问病史未来过月经。为进一步确诊可以进行下列哪项检査': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,女,3岁。因发热3天,咳嗽2日伴腹痛而来诊。查体:T40℃,神志清,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,颈软,颈部可及黄豆大淋巴结3〜4枚,活动,有压痛,心肺(一),腹稍胀,质软,满腹痛,以脐周为主,无腹肌紧张和固定压痛点,血象Hb128g/L,WBC8.9×109/L,L78%,N22%。可能的诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男孩,4岁。因“咳喘2天,气喘加剧半天”就诊。查体:体温正常,吸气性呼吸困难,口唇微绀,听诊两肺广泛哮鸣音,心率140次/分,既往有哮喘发作史5次,有过敏史,其母亦有哮喘史。如经上述雾化吸入治疗,病情恶化,呼吸音减弱,应紧急采用': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女孩,4岁,反复咳嗽2个月,夜间为著。查体:体温正常,浅表淋巴结不大,咽红,两肺呼吸音粗,少许痰鸣音,反复抗生素治疗不愈,以往无呛咳病史,有过敏性鼻炎。为确诊所需进行的检査': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '2-骨转移瘤好发于': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '11岁儿童,女性,父母发现其脊柱侧凸畸形半年,诊断为特发性脊柱侧凸。以下情况与该患儿可能相符的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男孩,4岁。因“咳喘2天,气喘加剧半天”就诊。查体:体温正常,吸气性呼吸困难,口唇微绀,听诊两肺广泛哮鸣音,心率140次/分,既往有哮喘发作史5次,有过敏史,其母亦有哮喘史。应立即采取哪项措施': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女,46岁。突发上腹痛14小时,频繁呕吐胃内容物,疼痛阵发性加剧,向右肩放射2小时后发热伴腹胀,无寒战、腹泻。既往有上腹饱胀5年,按“胃痛”治疗后,偶有好转。查体:T:38.5℃,101次/分,BP 95/40mmHg,P:23次/分。心肺无异常,腹胀明显,腹部尚软,上腹压痛,肝脾未触及,腹部无移动性浊音。本例主要诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,55岁。因肝硬化、肝性昏迷而入院,住院期间经用谷氨酸盐等治疗,神志仍不清,眼球结膜有水肿,血压偏高,病人的最佳治疗选择是:': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,67岁,不慎摔倒,左髋部着地,当即左髋剧痛,不能站立,急诊来院,检查见左下肢缩短,外旋畸形股骨颈骨折采用保守治疗或者空心钉内固定,常见并发症有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,36岁,因乏力、腹胀伴四肢软瘫半月来诊。体检:神清,面红,全身皮肤较黑,多座疮,口周小须,毳毛增生。胸腹部脂肪肥厚,下腹部宽大紫纹。下列检查结果中,哪些可能出现': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,19岁,左膝、右足跟腱周围肿痛2周,右足跟行走痛1个月来诊。否认外伤及阴冷潮湿史。无发热。还需要做的化验检查': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,52岁。间歇发作上腹部疼痛15年,加重1周入院。患者于15年前出现上腹部隐痛,进食后可缓解,当时未予以重视,患者近1周前出现上腹部疼痛加重,伴呕吐症状,呕吐物为宿食、量多,未见血块,无黑便,无咳嗽、气促、发热,体重减轻2kg。应予以哪些检查': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '56岁,男性,因多发关节肿痛23年来诊。下列哪些药物为DMARDS药物': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,女性,5岁,因右下肢跛行3年而入院。患儿2岁方学会走路,当时被发现右下肢行走不稳,升降步态,无外伤史。体检:体温36.6℃,右下肢无红肿、无压痛,下肢肌力正常,皮肤感觉正常,右髋关节屈伸正常,外展稍受限,其余关节活动正常。关于CDH的X线表现及测量,下列哪些是正确的': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '医疗废物的暂时贮存设施、设备,除应设置明显的警告标识外,还应有相关的安全措施是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,38岁。腹部疼痛4小时入院,患者于4小时前因大量饮酒后突发腹部疼痛,为剑突下持续性疼痛,休息后无缓解,疼痛不随体位而减轻,并伴有呕吐、腹胀,无呕血、黑便,无发热、咳嗽、气促、心悸等不适,患者既往有胃、十二指肠溃疡病史,无外伤史、肝炎病史。应考虑患者哪些疾病': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '一健康的7岁儿童从约2米高树上跌下,右手掌着地,即感右肘部疼痛难忍,继之出现肘部肿胀及功能障碍。2小时后由家人陪送来急诊。按损伤外因属何种外力': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '小儿5个月,在家突发惊厥2~3次,每次发作仅0.5~1分钟,无热,抽搐后神志清,一般情况好,智力发育正常,体检两侧头颅有乒乓感。如在门诊突发惊厥,首先采用的治疗方法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '2岁男孩,因反复咳嗽、喘息6个月入院。患儿间断出现咳嗽、喘息,夜间重,有时低热。查体:双肺听诊可及哮鸣音及粗细湿啰音,血常规:WBC 7×109/L,N48%,L50%。需考虑的诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '45岁,女性,外阴口腔反复溃疡3年,结膜充血1个月来诊。查体:舌面上多个溃疡,黄色,较深,左眼充血,右侧4字征阳性。单纯口腔溃疡白塞病的治疗': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,2岁男孩,发热12小时,体温39℃,在儿科门诊就诊过程中突然发生惊厥,表现为双眼凝视、四肢抖动、呼之不应,持续3~4分钟。査体:体温39℃,精神可,面色红润,咽充血,扁桃体I度肿大,心、肺、腹部检査无异常,脑膜刺激征阴性。此患儿处于惊厥持续状态,如何处理': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,注射青霉素后10分钟出现呼吸困难、发绀、四肢凉,花纹,意识不清,继之出现惊厥。考虑为青霉素过敏反应。抢救措施包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,63岁,左膝疼痛8年,加重1年,上下楼加重,休息后缓解,时有“打软腿”和膝关节“卡住”的现象,保守治疗效果不佳。查体:左膝内翻,左膝内侧关节间隙压痛,关节活动度可。左膝正侧位片示关节内骨质增生,内侧关节间隙狭窄,软骨下骨板致密该患者目前左膝的病理改变可能有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女性,65岁。因自觉食欲明显增加半年前来就诊。自觉“长胖很多”。经有关检查示:C-肽释放试验结果为空腹580pmol/L,1小时1120pmol/L,2小时1650pmol/L,3小时866pmol/L;糖化血红蛋白11%;24小时尿C-肽为18.4μg%,24小时尿蛋白118mg。体型较肥胖。下列哪些饮食规定是正确的': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '扩张的支气管内黏液充填的CT影像为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列肺部感染病例的经验性抗菌治疗宜选择:女性,58岁。因食管癌手术治疗,手术后持续发热,咳嗽,痰多不易咳出,伴气急和低氧血症,行气管切开机械通气治疗已2d,病情未见改善。胸片示两下肺支气管肺炎': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,男,7岁,因不规则发热伴颈部肿块1月余,活动后气促,偶伴双膝关节痛1周来诊。既往无特殊病史。家族中无结核病史。查体:T 37.8℃,P 110次/分,R 35次/分,BP 95/60mmHg,皮肤无皮疹及水肿,结膜无充血,颈部可触及多个肿大淋巴结,质地中等或较硬,部分融合成片,边界不清,双扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,双肺底呼吸音减低,无啰音,心音有力,无杂音,腹软,肝脾无大。此时处理包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,38岁。腹部疼痛4小时入院,患者于4小时前因大量饮酒后突发腹部疼痛,为剑突下持续性疼痛,休息后无缓解,疼痛不随体位而减轻,并伴有呕吐、腹胀,无呕血、黑便,无发热、咳嗽、气促、心悸等不适,患者既往有胃、十二指肠溃疡病史,无外伤史、肝炎病史。应予以哪些检查': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,30岁,搬家公司工人,工作时不慎被家具砸伤右前臂,18小时后急诊来院,诉右前臂疼痛剧烈,右手主动活动障碍。査体见右前臂明显肿胀、压痛可能的诊断有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,36岁,转移性右下腹疼痛8小时入院,患者腹痛为阵发性疼痛,开始位于剑突下,4小时后疼痛转移至右下腹部,并有压痛、反跳痛,伴有恶心、呕吐,T38℃,无咳嗽、胸闷、气促。阑尾炎位置可分为哪几种': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,67岁,不慎摔倒,左髋部着地,当即左髋剧痛,不能站立,急诊来院,检查见左下肢缩短,外旋畸形患者最可能的诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '性,53岁,反复前胸、双上肢皮疹2月余,1周前发热伴皮疹加重,四肢关节肌肉疼痛。査体:前胸、颈项背、双上肢散在红斑丘疹,颈部可触及小淋巴结,四肢肌肉压痛,肌力Ⅳ级。确诊还需要做': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女,46岁。突发上腹痛14小时,频繁呕吐胃内容物,疼痛阵发性加剧,向右肩放射2小时后发热伴腹胀,无寒战、腹泻。既往有上腹饱胀5年,按“胃痛”治疗后,偶有好转。查体:T:38.5℃,101次/分,BP 95/40mmHg,P:23次/分。心肺无异常,腹胀明显,腹部尚软,上腹压痛,肝脾未触及,腹部无移动性浊音。应采取哪些主要措施': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '45岁,女性,外阴口腔反复溃疡3年,结膜充血1个月来诊。查体:舌面上多个溃疡,黄色,较深,左眼充血,右侧4字征阳性。该病的流行病学特点为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,41岁。无意间发现左乳外上象限大小为1.0cm*1.5cm质中包块,无疼痛及周围皮温增高现象。患者既往有乳腺增生病史5年。行左乳癌改良根治术及腋窝淋巴结清扫术,病理检查结果提示为左乳浸润性导管癌,13枚腋窝淋巴结中4枚阳性,ER++,PR++,Her-2/neu+++。与乳腺癌不良预后有关的因素有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,50岁,间断呕吐、腹泻2年,双下肢浮肿2个月来诊。曾就诊发现胸腔积液、贫血。2个月前尿中泡沫增多。查体:BP135/80mmHg,头发稀疏,双下肢重度浮肿。WBC1.9×109/L,Hb77g/L,PLT180×109/L。如果患者白细胞低,贫血,应选用哪种免疫抑制剂': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女,22岁,因肥胖闭经拟诊为多囊卵巢综合征。最常见的临床表现是下列哪项': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,53岁,轮椅推入门诊,主诉无明显诱因出现右手拇指及食指麻木、下肢无力、行走不稳1年,加重3周。査体发现下肢肌张力增高,锥体束征阳性可能的诊断有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,42岁。既往健康,近2个月出现巩膜、皮肤黄染,呈进行性加重,无腹痛,略消瘦,体检见:肝肋下可触及,右上腹扪及肿大之胆囊,无触痛,无发热。该患者进行胰腺癌外照射时,下列可能属于放射治疗并发症的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女,46岁。突发上腹痛14小时,频繁呕吐胃内容物,疼痛阵发性加剧,向右肩放射2小时后发热伴腹胀,无寒战、腹泻。既往有上腹饱胀5年,按“胃痛”治疗后,偶有好转。查体:T:38.5℃,101次/分,BP 95/40mmHg,P:23次/分。心肺无异常,腹胀明显,腹部尚软,上腹压痛,肝脾未触及,腹部无移动性浊音。急诊应做哪些重点检查': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,女性,5岁,因右下肢跛行3年而入院。患儿2岁方学会走路,当时被发现右下肢行走不稳,升降步态,无外伤史。体检:体温36.5℃,右下肢无红肿、无压痛,下肢肌力正常,皮肤感觉正常,右髋关节屈伸正常,外展稍受限,其余关节活动正常。根据以上资料,下述哪些疾病暂不能排除': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,15岁。有胫骨近端疼痛、肿胀1个月,夜间痛明显,无明显外伤史。就诊拍X线片显示:左胫骨近端囊状透亮区,边界清,最可能的诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,女性,5岁,因右下肢跛行3年而入院。患儿2岁方学会走路,当时被发现右下肢行走不稳,升降步态,无外伤史。体检:体温36.6℃,右下肢无红肿、无压痛,下肢肌力正常,皮肤感觉正常,右髋关节屈伸正常,外展稍受限,其余关节活动正常。关于CDH的症状和体征,下述哪些是正确的': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,生后20小时,生后即有呼吸困难,加重伴青紫1小时。足月,因胎儿宫内窘迫剖宫产分娩;出生Apgar评分1分钟,5分钟分别为3分,8分;羊水Ⅲ度污染,生后经清理气道,复苏气囊面罩加压通气后转入儿科,进行吸氧、补液、抗感染治疗。目前监测脉搏氧饱和度右手为68%,左足为54%。考虑目前患儿可能的诊断有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列哪些情况医务人员应认真洗手': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,3岁6个月,因咳嗽4天加重伴发热1天急诊入院。4天前受凉后出现咳嗽,初为单声咳嗽,伴痰鸣,无犬吠样咳嗽及鸡鸣样回声。在当地医院诊断“肺炎”,给予“青霉素+头孢类抗生素”治疗。具体疗程与剂量不详。1天前出现发热,最高达39.0℃。用药后可降至正常,1~2小时后发热复现,且咳嗽加重,遂转来我院治疗。体检:T 39.3℃,P 140次/分,R 36次/分,神清、气促,唇周发绀明显,咽充血,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,未见脓点,双肺可闻及中细湿啰音及哮鸣音,心音有力、律齐,未闻及杂音。体格检査还应补充哪些部位或器官系统内容': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男孩,12岁,肉眼血尿6个月,无水肿、尿少,尿蛋白:微量,红细胞:满视野。肾脏B超:肾脏、膀胱、输尿管无异常。如家属要求治疗,医生的意见应是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列传染病可能出现的典型皮损是:男性,26岁,农民。间歇性发冷寒战、高热、出汗1周余,间歇期症状消失。体检:轻度贫血征,肝肋下1 cm,脾肋下2 cm。化验:Hb 90 g/L, WBC 4.8×109/L、大单核细胞0.15(15%)': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,46岁。白带增多1年,偶而呈粉红色,近3个月有性交出血,月经尚规则,妇科检查见宫颈中度糜烂,子宫正常大小,质软、双侧附件无异常所见。阴道镜下活检有癌细胞已突破基底膜5mm,有淋巴管被侵袭及病状融合现象。该患者进行放疗后,下列属于放射治疗的远期并发症的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '慢性纤维空洞型肺结核': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列病人的病变定位于:男性,30岁。渐进性双下肢行走乏力半年伴大小便困难3个月余。体检:双下肢肌力Ⅱ~Ⅲ度,肌张力增高,双侧巴氏征(+),双侧乳头平面以下疼痛觉明显减退': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '一健康的7岁儿童从约2米高树上跌下,右手掌着地,即感右肘部疼痛难忍,继之出现肘部肿胀及功能障碍。2小时后由家人陪送来急诊。如何正确促进肘关节功能早日恢复': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,中年男性,腰痛、尿频、尿急,腹部CT示右肾上极5cm大小略低密度占位,边缘模糊,环形强化,邻近肾周有积液,首先考虑': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,36岁,因乏力、腹胀伴四肢软瘫半月来诊。体检:神清,面红,全身皮肤较黑,多座疮,口周小须,毳毛增生。胸腹部脂肪肥厚,下腹部宽大紫纹。可进行下列哪些检查以帮助明确诊断': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '56岁,男性,因多发关节肿痛23年来诊。需要追问的病史': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '骨转移瘤好发于': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,40岁。因突起腹中部疼痛发作伴血便3天入院。腹痛为阵发性,伴恶心、呕吐。呕吐为胃内容物,起病后曾解黏液血便3次。患者于1个月前腹痛开始反复发作,伴解黏液血便,腹痛发作时,自感有“气块”在腹内串动。体查:消瘦、贫血貌,腹稍胀,全腹软,无局限性压痛及肌紧张,下腹正中可扪及10cm*6cm肿块,坚韧,轻压痛,上下可以推动,肠鸣音活跃,音调稍高。下列不是高危结肠癌患者预后不良因素的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '麻疹的主要并发症状是:': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '对从事医疗废物收集、运送、贮存等工作人员,应配备必要防护用具': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,男,27岁,农民。因发热、头痛、腰痛、口鼻出血3天入院。査体:血压97/60mmHg,体温38.8℃。面色潮红,呈醉酒貌。睑结膜及咽部、颊黏膜充血、水肿并点状出血,皮肤可见瘀点,肾区叩痛。为明确诊断该患者应先行哪些检查': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '宫颈癌累及膀胱及直肠,临床分期是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '12岁小儿患活动性佝偻病的最常见表现为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '1岁小儿,再发性手足痉挛呈弓状,双手呈腕部屈曲,手指伸直,拇指内收掌心,强直痉挛,足部踝关节伸直,足趾同时向下弯曲,应选用哪种治疗措施': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男,20岁,1周前发热,T38℃,伴有恶心、呕吐、腹泻,按肠炎治疗好转。近3天来感胸闷、憋气、头晕、乏力,查体:BP120/60mmHg,P100次/分,律齐,T36℃。双肺呼吸音清。心电图示:I度房室传导阻滞,普遍导联T波倒置。该患者进一步治疗应采取以下措施': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男,51岁。有结核病接触史,吸烟30余年,无自觉症状。体检时胸片发现左上肺于第2前肋间近外侧胸壁处有直径约3cm的肿块阴影,边缘较模糊,痰液检查未发现癌细胞,亦未找到抗酸杆菌,支纤镜检阴性。如果该患者术后病理报告胃小细胞肺癌,关于SCLC放疗的正确说法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列病例可有哪项体征:男性,32岁。患风湿性心脏病,重度二尖瓣狭窄伴肺动脉重度高压,相对性肺动脉瓣关闭不全。此时肺动脉瓣区可闻及': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,40岁,生活在北方农村,头痛、发 作性抽搐2个月,2个月内发生抽搐3次,表现为全 面性强直-阵挛发作,近1周头痛加重,为全头痛伴 恶心、呕吐。查体:36.7℃,神志清,反应较迟钝,颅神经未见异常,四肢肌力5级,肌张力略增高,右侧肢体肌反射活跃,左侧肢体肌反射亢进,双侧病理反射阳性,诊断为症状性癫痫,全面性强直-阵挛发作收入院。未明确诊断应做的检查包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '偏身投掷运动': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,突发腹泻、呕吐2天,于8月6日来诊,每日大便20次以上,呕吐多次,呈喷射状,上厕所时晕厥1次;无明显发热、腹痛等。考虑霍乱,为明确诊断可行以下检查': \n", "Warning: Answer 'A' not found in options for item '以下属于急性湿疹的是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '以下属于急性湿疹的是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,28岁。2年前因产后大出血后闭经,近半年渐感头晕,乏力,明显畏寒伴轻度恶心就诊。体检:面色苍黄,眼睑及面部肿胀。测BP8/5.3kPa(60/40mmHg)。化验T3 0.05mmol/L(0.3ng/ml),T4 257.4nmol/L(20ng/ml),此时需鉴别甲状腺功能减退的原因,为确定患者诊断的最恰当的检查方法是:': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '23岁,结婚8个月,未孕,因月经过多行诊断性刮宫术,病理诊断为“子宫内膜腺瘤型增生过长伴中度细胞不典型增生”,以下病例最佳的处理方式是:': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '医院感染管理委员会是由哪些职能部门和相关科室负责人组成': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '2岁男孩,因反复咳嗽、喘息6个月入院。患儿间断出现咳嗽、喘息,夜间重,有时低热。查体:双肺听诊可及哮鸣音及粗细湿啰音,血常规:WBC 7×109/L,N48%,L50%。为了明确诊断可选择的检查有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '小儿5个月,在家突发惊厥2~3次,每次发作仅0.5~1分钟,无热,抽搐后神志清,一般情况好,智力发育正常,体检两侧头颅有乒乓感。惊厥治愈后应如何继续治疗': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,40岁,生活在北方农村,头痛、发 作性抽搐2个月,2个月内发生抽搐3次,表现为全 面性强直-阵挛发作,近1周头痛加重,为全头痛伴 恶心、呕吐。查体:36.7℃,神志清,反应较迟钝,颅神经未见异常,四肢肌力5级,肌张力略增高,右侧肢体肌反射活跃,左侧肢体肌反射亢进,双侧病理反射阳性,诊断为症状性癫痫,全面性强直-阵挛发作收入院。病人入院当日再发癫痫1次,表现为全面性强直-阵挛发作,给予安定后控制发作,同时给卡马西平治疗。其可能的病因应考虑': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女性,55岁,8个月来吞咽困难,逐渐加重,近1月来仅能进流食,锁骨上淋巴结未触及肿大若患者术后10天,突然高热、胸痛,血白细胞20×l09/L。胸片提示:左侧液气胸。应该采取的措施是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,52岁。右侧胸痛、刺激性咳嗽4周,活动后气促2周,无发热,无盗汗,活动后气促。查体:气管居中,右侧肺叩诊浊音,呼吸音消失。胸片、B超提示右侧大量胸腔积液Homer综合征有下列哪些表现': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男,52岁。因咳嗽、痰中带血1个月入院。患者1个月前因受凉后出现咳嗽、咳痰症状,痰为白色泡沫痰,量较少。剧烈咳嗽后出现痰中带血,在当地医院给予抗感染及对症治疗,痰中带血症状消失,但咳嗽症状改善不明显。体检:T36.6℃,P79次/分, BP140/85mmHg。肥胖体型,双侧锁骨上淋巴结不大,气管居中,左肺呼吸音正常,右上肺呼吸音稍低。为了进一步明确诊断,应重点进行哪些检查': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女性,48岁。孕1产1,20年前剖腹生产。近2月来经量减少,周期如常,无痛经,末次月经在10天前。腹胀3个月,进行性加重,腹部逐渐膨大,食欲下降,体重略减轻,二便正常。腹部检查结果:腹部外观呈“蛙腹状”,移动浊音(+);妇科检查:外阴:(-);阴道(-);宫颈光滑,子宫附件因腹胀明显触诊不清;三合诊:子宫-直肠凹内触及“月牙样”硬性结节。无肝炎及结核病史。母亲75岁,曾患乳腺癌。本病人可能的临床诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,女,1岁,因“发热、咳嗽、流涕2天,喉鸣6小时”入院。查体:T39℃,吸气性喘鸣及三凹征,咽部充血,双肺呼吸音稍粗,心率130次/min,偶有期前收缩。入院后患儿吸气性喉鸣及呼吸困难进一步加重,出现烦躁不安,此时应采取的措施包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,35岁。因鼻塞、流涕3天伴咽痛、咳嗽两天就诊。自服“感冒通”等稍好转。无明显发热、咳痰及胸痛等。查体:T37.3℃,神志清,呼吸平顺,唇甲无发绀,咽稍红,双侧扁桃体无肿大。气管居中,双肺叩诊清音,未闻明显干湿啰音。下面哪些可能是引起该病的病原体': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女孩,11岁,因头痛20余天,发热伴呕吐6天入院。査体:神志清。嗜睡,消瘦面容,颈部抵抗,心肺无明显异常。舟状腹,肝脾不大,巴氏征、克氏征阳性。在院外曾进行大剂量青霉素及头孢曲松治疗5天。若患儿确诊为结核性脑膜炎,典型的脑脊液改变符合': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,25岁。发热、腹痛半年住院。有时腹泻。粪便细菌培养(-),纤维结肠镜检查见回盲部呈铺路石样改变,间有沟槽样溃疡,肠腔狭窄,病人的最可能诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,突发腹泻、呕吐2天,于8月6日来诊,每日大便20次以上,呕吐多次,呈喷射状,上厕所时晕厥1次;无明显发热、腹痛等。霍乱的补液原则(措施)中正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '56岁,男性,因多发关节肿痛23年来诊。该患者可选用的药物为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '输血相关感染有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '根据出疹特点,对下列病人可能诊断是:男孩,4岁。发热3~4天后,耳后出现斑丘疹,逐渐波及头面部、颈部、躯干和四肢,3~4天出齐,疹退后有色素沉着及糠麸样脱屑': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '老年男性,66岁,既往有胆囊结石病史,因上腹痛4小时由家属送诊,查体:意识淡漠,血压90/50mmHg,右上腹部肌紧张。可能的诊断为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,男,7岁,因不规则发热伴颈部肿块1月余,活动后气促,偶伴双膝关节痛1周来诊。既往无特殊病史。家族中无结核病史。查体:T 37.8℃,P 110次/分,R 35次/分,BP 95/60mmHg,皮肤无皮疹及水肿,结膜无充血,颈部可触及多个肿大淋巴结,质地中等或较硬,部分融合成片,边界不清,双扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,双肺底呼吸音减低,无啰音,心音有力,无杂音,腹软,肝脾无大。检査结果:EBV(+),少量胸腔积液,纵隔稍增宽,淋巴结穿刺活检显示增生性淋巴结炎。抗病毒治疗1周,效果不佳,胸闷及活动后气促加剧。此时最紧迫的检査包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,50岁,间断呕吐、腹泻2年,双下肢浮肿2个月来诊。曾就诊发现胸腔积液、贫血。2个月前尿中泡沫增多。查体:BP135/80mmHg,头发稀疏,双下肢重度浮肿。WBC1.9×109/L,Hb77g/L,PLT180×109/L。还应选择哪些药物': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列病例X线片可见哪项表现:男性,62岁。5年前有过广泛前壁心肌梗死史。以后随访心电图V4~V6导联S-T段持续抬高3mm。近半年来经常夜间发生阵发性呼吸困难,且出现频发室性早搏': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '2-12岁小儿患活动性佝偻病的最常见表现为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '4岁女孩,发热,流涕3天,后出现心悸、胸闷。査体面色苍白,精神萎靡,两肺无异常,心音有力,心律不齐。急查心电图示窦性心律,95次/分,P-R间期逐渐延长,终于P波后不出QRS波。除心电图外,下列哪些检査有助于诊断': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男,20岁,1周前发热,T38℃,伴有恶心、呕吐、腹泻,按肠炎治疗好转。近3天来感胸闷、憋气、头晕、乏力,查体:BP120/60mmHg,P100次/分,律齐,T36℃。双肺呼吸音清。心电图示:I度房室传导阻滞,普遍导联T波倒置。该患者可出现的心电图改变有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,25岁。不慎从4米高处跌下,半小时后被送入急诊室。体检:血压30/15mmHg,神清,气促,面色苍白,四肢发凉,脉细弱,左侧胸压痛明显、胸廓塌陷、有骨擦感及反常呼吸征,左胸见一2cm×2.5cm创口,可听到气体出入创口响声,左侧呼吸音消失,右侧呼吸音减低。询问伤情时还应重点了解哪些情况': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女性,55岁,8个月来吞咽困难,逐渐加重,近1月来仅能进流食,锁骨上淋巴结未触及肿大此患者经纤维食管镜检查,诊断为中段食管癌,钡餐提示病变约5cm,行食管大部切除,胃食管弓上吻合术,术后常见并发症包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,36岁。因腹痛3天就诊。超声检查:腹主动脉和腹腔动脉周围有多发性低回声结节,部分结节相互融合成分叶状肿块,边界清楚。常引起腹膜后淋巴结转移的原发恶性肿瘤,不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女孩,4岁,反复咳嗽2个月,夜间为著。查体:体温正常,浅表淋巴结不大,咽红,两肺呼吸音粗,少许痰鸣音,反复抗生素治疗不愈,以往无呛咳病史,有过敏性鼻炎。应选择的治疗是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,25岁。不慎从4米高处跌下,半小时后被送入急诊室。体检:血压30/15mmHg,神清,气促,面色苍白,四肢发凉,脉细弱,左侧胸压痛明显、胸廓塌陷、有骨擦感及反常呼吸征,左胸见一2cm×2.5cm创口,可听到气体出入创口响声,左侧呼吸音消失,右侧呼吸音减低。开放性气胸时纵隔的位置变化是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女性,22岁。未婚处女,13岁月经初潮,周期基本规律。近半年来月经期延长,淋漓不尽。肛门指诊:子宫右侧可触及与子宫相连的囊实性不活动肿块,直径约7cm,轻度压痛,未触及痛性结节。本病例最可能的诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,52岁。右侧胸痛、刺激性咳嗽4周,活动后气促2周,无发热,无盗汗,活动后气促。查体:气管居中,右侧肺叩诊浊音,呼吸音消失。胸片、B超提示右侧大量胸腔积液为明确诊断,该患者下一步检查措施': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '35岁妇女,发现左卵巢肿物6年,近半年肿物增长快,伴尿频。妇科检查子宫常大,子宫左侧可及10cm×8cm×7cm肿物, 囊实性,活动稍差,B超提示肿物多房,可见实性区,中等量腹水,血CA125 200 μg/L。该病的危险因素有下列哪些项': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,8个月,因发热,腹泻稀水便1天入院。体检:T 39.5℃,P 136次/分,R 34次/分,体重8kg,精神萎靡,呼吸稍促,唇干,前囟及眼眶凹陷,皮肤弹性欠佳,肢端凉,皮肤未见大理石花纹,心律齐,心音有力,双肺呼吸音清晰,腹不胀,肝肋下1cm,肠鸣音14次/分。入院时急需做的检查项目是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '测量心脏形态和生理功能值的最佳切面': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女性,65岁。因自觉食欲明显增加半年前来就诊。自觉“长胖很多”。经有关检查示:C-肽释放试验结果为空腹580pmol/L,1小时1120pmol/L,2小时1650pmol/L,3小时866pmol/L;糖化血红蛋白11%;24小时尿C-肽为18.4μg%,24小时尿蛋白118mg。体型较肥胖。患者已确诊为2型糖尿病,糖尿病肾病Ⅲ期,单纯性肥胖。关于2型糖尿病,下面哪些提法是正确的': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男孩,3岁,自幼人工喂养,食欲极差,常有腹泻及呼吸道感染,身高85cm,体重7.5kg,皮肤干燥,苍白,腹部皮下脂肪厚度约0.2cm,腹水,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。双下肢水肿。其可能的诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女性,65岁。因自觉食欲明显增加半年前来就诊。自觉“长胖很多”。经有关检查示:C-肽释放试验结果为空腹580pmol/L,1小时1120pmol/L,2小时1650pmol/L,3小时866pmol/L;糖化血红蛋白11%;24小时尿C-肽为18.4μg%,24小时尿蛋白118mg。体型较肥胖。上述检査结果反映以下哪些问题患者为1型糖尿病': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,63岁,左膝疼痛8年,加重1年,上下楼加重,休息后缓解,时有“打软腿”和膝关节“卡住”的现象,保守治疗效果不佳。查体:左膝内翻,左膝内侧关节间隙压痛,关节活动度可。左膝正侧位片示关节内骨质增生,内侧关节间隙狭窄,软骨下骨板致密首先考虑的诊断包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男,45岁。发热、乏力伴消瘦2个月,两侧颈部和腹股沟可触及数粒蚕豆大小淋巴结,脾肋下2cm,结核菌素试验(―),骨髓检查正常。如果患者淋巴结活检的病理检查结果为弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤,免疫组化检测结果CD20为阳性,最佳推荐的治疗方案为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,25岁。不慎从4米高处跌下,半小时后被送入急诊室。体检:血压30/15mmHg,神清,气促,面色苍白,四肢发凉,脉细弱,左侧胸压痛明显、胸廓塌陷、有骨擦感及反常呼吸征,左胸见一2cm×2.5cm创口,可听到气体出入创口响声,左侧呼吸音消失,右侧呼吸音减低。根据病历摘要可以明确下列哪些诊断': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下病例分别属于哪种综合征:男性,38岁。交通事故致骨盆骨折和脾破裂,急诊手术后第2天出现气急。呼吸频率34次/min,发绀。两肺散在湿啰音。胸片示两肺弥漫性肺泡浸润。动脉血气(呼吸空气)分析示pH7.52,PaCO2,4kPa(30mmHg),PaO25.3kPa(40mmHg)': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,70岁。发现左乳约3cm*4cm肿块1周,检查雌激素时,雌酮(E1)明显升高,而雌二酮(E2)、雌三酮(E3)正常。关于乳腺癌术后放疗指征说法正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,男,18岁。因反复发作腰背痛4个月,加重1月伴晨僵,来门诊看病。家族成员中无驼背患者。查体,骶髂关节压痛阳性,腰椎活动度检查Schober试验阴性,枕墙距为0,胸廓活动度可。骶髂关节磁共振提示,双侧骶髂关节炎。根据检查结果,该患者诊断为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,30岁。因产后大出血后闭经1年。半年来头晕、乏力,眼前发黑,伴轻度恶心、欲吐来诊。体检:见面部呈黏液性水肿,心率56次/min,律齐。此时还可伴有的特征性的临床表现是:': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '不属于皮肤的单一感觉是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,50岁,低热咳嗽2个月伴右胸痛,今日咯血80m。体温38℃,呼吸18次/分。体检:神清,心率100次/分,律齐,各瓣膜区未闻及病理性杂音。右上肺少量湿性哕音左肺呼吸音清。腹软无压痛,肝脾无肿大。此时必要的辅助检查是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '3-IgA或C3在真皮乳头处呈颗粒样沉积的疾病是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,15岁。有胫骨近端疼痛、肿胀1个月,夜间痛明显,无明显外伤史。患者摔倒后出现局部肿痛和异常活动,可采用的治疗方法有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女性,65岁。因自觉食欲明显增加半年前来就诊。自觉“长胖很多”。经有关检查示:C-肽释放试验结果为空腹580pmol/L,1小时1120pmol/L,2小时1650pmol/L,3小时866pmol/L;糖化血红蛋白11%;24小时尿C-肽为18.4μg%,24小时尿蛋白118mg。体型较肥胖。需排除因其他原因引起的血糖升高、尿糖阳性或糖耐量降低的情况有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,男,7岁,因不规则发热伴颈部肿块1月余,活动后气促,偶伴双膝关节痛1周来诊。既往无特殊病史。家族中无结核病史。查体:T 37.8℃,P 110次/分,R 35次/分,BP 95/60mmHg,皮肤无皮疹及水肿,结膜无充血,颈部可触及多个肿大淋巴结,质地中等或较硬,部分融合成片,边界不清,双扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,双肺底呼吸音减低,无啰音,心音有力,无杂音,腹软,肝脾无大。为明确诊断,应做检査包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,60岁,刺激性咳嗽3个月,痰量少,活动后有气急。既往体健。查体:神清,极消瘦,两肺无干湿性啰音,心率88次/分,律齐,有明显杵状指。补充病史询问应包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男,34岁。劳力性心悸、气促5年,一直未行治疗。查体:心尖搏动增强,并向左下移位,心尖区可闻及全收缩期杂音和舒张中期隆隆样杂音,肺动脉瓣区第二音亢进,双下肢轻度水肿。患者可能存在的病变是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,男性,49岁,因“心慌、气短5年”入院。 査体:心音低钝、遥远,脉搏细速。颈静脉怒张,肝肿大。化验检查:白蛋白降低。胸片提示:心包呈“鸡蛋壳”样改变。超声心动图示:心包增厚。诊断为:缩窄性心包炎。此病还会出现下述哪些体征': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,28岁,间断下腰痛10年,加重半年伴足跟痛。査体:右膝关节肿胀,左侧4字征阳性。需要确诊还需要做哪些检查': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女孩,11岁,因头痛20余天,发热伴呕吐6天入院。査体:神志清。嗜睡,消瘦面容,颈部抵抗,心肺无明显异常。舟状腹,肝脾不大,巴氏征、克氏征阳性。在院外曾进行大剂量青霉素及头孢曲松治疗5天。有助于明确诊断的检査是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '周围血管征不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '45岁,女性,外阴口腔反复溃疡3年,结膜充血1个月来诊。查体:舌面上多个溃疡,黄色,较深,左眼充血,右侧4字征阳性。化验结果提示:血常规、尿常规正常,ANA、ENA阴性,血沉30mm/h,还应做的检查': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,女性,5岁,因右下肢跛行3年而入院。患儿2岁方学会走路,当时被发现右下肢行走不稳,升降步态,无外伤史。体检:体温36.5℃,右下肢无红肿、无压痛,下肢肌力正常,皮肤感觉正常,右髋关节屈伸正常,外展稍受限,其余关节活动正常。对此患儿还须做哪些有针对性的检查及专科体检': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女性,55岁,8个月来吞咽困难,逐渐加重,近1月来仅能进流食,锁骨上淋巴结未触及肿大此患者做上消化道钡餐,可能出现的征象是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '1个月男婴,1天来反复发作四肢抽动,两眼正常,面肌颤动,神志不清,抽停后意识恢复,活泼如常,不发热,来院急诊时又抽搐不止。应选用哪种治疗措施': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,男,10岁,自幼发现心脏杂音,易患感冒。查体无发绀,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间收缩期粗糙的吹风样杂音及震颤室间隔修补术的常见术后并发症是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,50岁,间断呕吐、腹泻2年,双下肢浮肿2个月来诊。曾就诊发现胸腔积液、贫血。2个月前尿中泡沫增多。查体:BP135/80mmHg,头发稀疏,双下肢重度浮肿。WBC1.9×109/L,Hb77g/L,PLT180×109/L。哪种检查对SLE有较大意义': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,15岁。因持续发热10天入院。患者10天前起发热,T38℃左右,3天后升至40℃,持续高热,曾自服“消炎药”2~3天未退热。査体:T40℃,P102次/min,R20次/min,神清,精神差,未见皮疹、出血点,心肺无特殊,腹平软,无压痛,肝、脾肋下各及1cm,质软为明确诊断需行哪些检査': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,生后20小时,生后即有呼吸困难,加重伴青紫1小时。足月,因胎儿宫内窘迫剖宫产分娩;出生Apgar评分1分钟,5分钟分别为3分,8分;羊水Ⅲ度污染,生后经清理气道,复苏气囊面罩加压通气后转入儿科,进行吸氧、补液、抗感染治疗。目前监测脉搏氧饱和度右手为68%,左足为54%。氧化亚氮吸入治疗PPHN说法正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女,23岁。因反复发作贫血1年,加重1月伴肌肉酸痛和食欲缺乏,来门诊看病。1年多前无明显诱因出现乏力,伴双大腿肌肉酸痛和活动障碍,并逐渐出现双肩胛区肌肉、双上肢肌肉疼痛和乏力,双手不能上抬。在当地医院查血常规等检查后诊为自身免疫性贫血,给予激素治疗后好转,但患者不规则服用激素治疗1个月后停药。半年前上述症状再发,且较前加重,伴有发热,最高达38℃。发热时,肌肉疼痛加剧,在当地医院给予鱼腥草、氨苄青霉素治疗后,体温可下降至正常,但1至2天后体温又再上升,症状反复。由于经济困难,中断治疗。近来胃口差,进食少,体重下降约20斤。患病以来,月经停止。查体:慢性病容,精神较差,体态消瘦,头发稀疏,面部水肿,面部可见大片状红斑,双眼无神,分泌物较多,眼睑较苍白。心肺腹正常。四肢肌肉萎缩,活动受限,压痛阳性,以双大腿肌肉明显,无红肿,无皮温升高,双上肢不能上抬。四肢多个大小关节均有压痛,活动受限,无明显红肿。门诊辅助检査主要包括哪些项目': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,男,10岁,自幼发现心脏杂音,易患感冒。查体无发绀,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间收缩期粗糙的吹风样杂音及震颤下列术前准备错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,男,10岁,自幼发现心脏杂音,易患感冒。查体无发绀,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间收缩期粗糙的吹风样杂音及震颤下列各项体征及检查结果符合该患者情况': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,3岁6个月,因咳嗽4天加重伴发热1天急诊入院。4天前受凉后出现咳嗽,初为单声咳嗽,伴痰鸣,无犬吠样咳嗽及鸡鸣样回声。在当地医院诊断“肺炎”,给予“青霉素+头孢类抗生素”治疗。具体疗程与剂量不详。1天前出现发热,最高达39.0℃。用药后可降至正常,1~2小时后发热复现,且咳嗽加重,遂转来我院治疗。体检:T 39.3℃,P 140次/分,R 36次/分,神清、气促,唇周发绀明显,咽充血,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,未见脓点,双肺可闻及中细湿啰音及哮鸣音,心音有力、律齐,未闻及杂音。急诊重点进行哪些实验室检査项目': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,33岁。因“乏力、面色苍白,排浓茶色尿2周”入院,伴脱发、关节酸痛。查体:贫血貌,皮肤黄染,无皮疹和出血点,全身浅表淋巴结未触及,肝未及,脾肋下lcm。为明确诊断,还需完善哪些检查血常规': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,52岁。右侧胸痛、刺激性咳嗽4周,活动后气促2周,无发热,无盗汗,活动后气促。查体:气管居中,右侧肺叩诊浊音,呼吸音消失。胸片、B超提示右侧大量胸腔积液胸腔穿刺为血性胸腔积液,胸水找到癌细胞,对于治疗,下列哪些说法是错误的': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,25岁。不慎从4米高处跌下,半小时后被送入急诊室。体检:血压30/15mmHg,神清,气促,面色苍白,四肢发凉,脉细弱,左侧胸压痛明显、胸廓塌陷、有骨擦感及反常呼吸征,左胸见一2cm×2.5cm创口,可听到气体出入创口响声,左侧呼吸音消失,右侧呼吸音减低。体格检查时,还应重点检査哪些项目': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,19岁,左膝、右足跟腱周围肿痛2周,右足跟行走痛1个月来诊。需要追问哪些病史': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,28岁,间断下腰痛10年,加重半年伴足跟痛。査体:右膝关节肿胀,左侧4字征阳性。离院后应注意': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '血清乙肝标志物的意义是:存在于受感染的肝细胞核内,不游离存在于血清中': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '男性,30岁,搬家公司工人,工作时不慎被家具砸伤右前臂,18小时后急诊来院,诉右前臂疼痛剧烈,右手主动活动障碍。査体见右前臂明显肿胀、压痛该患者目前可以选择的处理方式有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女性,50岁,间断呕吐、腹泻2年,双下肢浮肿2个月来诊。曾就诊发现胸腔积液、贫血。2个月前尿中泡沫增多。查体:BP135/80mmHg,头发稀疏,双下肢重度浮肿。WBC1.9×109/L,Hb77g/L,PLT180×109/L。环磷酰胺的不良反应有哪些': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '56岁,男性,因多发关节肿痛23年来诊。该患者可考虑为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '多发性肌炎最有诊断价值的免疫学检查是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下病例最可能的诊断是:男性,32岁。2周前突觉胸痛,伴气急不能平卧来急诊,体检:半卧位,心界不大,心率110次/min,有奔马律,胸左缘第3肋间可扪及收缩及舒张期震颤,并可闻及收缩期和舒张期来回性吹风样杂音,P2亢进,两肺有细湿啰音,表现为左心功能不全。其病因诊断为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,2岁男孩,发热12小时,体温39℃,在儿科门诊就诊过程中突然发生惊厥,表现为双眼凝视、四肢抖动、呼之不应,持续3~4分钟。査体:体温39℃,精神可,面色红润,咽充血,扁桃体I度肿大,心、肺、腹部检査无异常,脑膜刺激征阴性。患儿最可能的诊断是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,2岁男孩,发热12小时,体温39℃,在儿科门诊就诊过程中突然发生惊厥,表现为双眼凝视、四肢抖动、呼之不应,持续3~4分钟。査体:体温39℃,精神可,面色红润,咽充血,扁桃体I度肿大,心、肺、腹部检査无异常,脑膜刺激征阴性。即刻给予吸氧、止惊,此刻止惊的药物应首': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '非淋菌尿道炎': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '乳腺癌HER—2阳性患者靶向治疗': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '某患儿6个月因发热1天抽搐一次来院急诊,抽搐呈全身大发作状,到院时抽搐已止。患儿既往史无特殊。急诊体检:患儿体重6kg,体温39.5*€,神清,精神萎。呼吸尚规则,无皮疹,心率150次/分,骨骼未见畸形,四肢肌张力略低,双侧巴氏征阳性。急测血WBC10x109/L,N40%。进一步的检查项目包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '女,22岁,因肥胖闭经拟诊为多囊卵巢综合征。腹腔镜下检查卵巢主要表现有下列哪几种': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '老年男性,65岁,既往有胆囊结石病史,因上腹痛4小时由家属送诊,查体:意识淡漠,血压90/50mmHg,右上腹部肌紧张可能的诊断为': \n", "Warning: Answer 'D' not found in options for item '下列图片中,图示饮片为牛膝的是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '下列图片中,图示饮片为牛膝的是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '妊娠期妇女生殖系统的生理变化特点下列正确的是': \n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '灌肠前后分别排便一次在体温单上的记录方法是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '灌肠前后分别排便一次在体温单上的记录方法是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '高血压的并发症有': \n", "Warning: Answer 'A' not found in options for item '分子中含有吲哚环和托品醇,对中暑和外周神经5-HT3受体具有高选择性拮抗作用的药物是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '分子中含有吲哚环和托品醇,对中暑和外周神经5-HT3受体具有高选择性拮抗作用的药物是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'A' not found in options for item '环磷酰胺为前体药物,需经体内活化才能发挥作用,经过氧化生成4-羟基环磷酰胺,进一步氧化生成无毒的4-酮基环磷酰胺,经过互变异构生产开环的醛基化合物。在肝脏进一步氧化生成无毒的羧酸化合物,而肿瘤组织中因缺乏正常组织所具有的酶不能代谢。非酶促反应β-消除生成丙烯醛和磷酰氮芥,磷酰氮芥及其他代谢产物都可经非水酶水解生成去甲氮芥,环磷酰胺在体内代谢的产物有'\n", "Warning: Answer 'B' not found in options for item '环磷酰胺为前体药物,需经体内活化才能发挥作用,经过氧化生成4-羟基环磷酰胺,进一步氧化生成无毒的4-酮基环磷酰胺,经过互变异构生产开环的醛基化合物。在肝脏进一步氧化生成无毒的羧酸化合物,而肿瘤组织中因缺乏正常组织所具有的酶不能代谢。非酶促反应β-消除生成丙烯醛和磷酰氮芥,磷酰氮芥及其他代谢产物都可经非水酶水解生成去甲氮芥,环磷酰胺在体内代谢的产物有'\n", "Warning: Answer 'C' not found in options for item '环磷酰胺为前体药物,需经体内活化才能发挥作用,经过氧化生成4-羟基环磷酰胺,进一步氧化生成无毒的4-酮基环磷酰胺,经过互变异构生产开环的醛基化合物。在肝脏进一步氧化生成无毒的羧酸化合物,而肿瘤组织中因缺乏正常组织所具有的酶不能代谢。非酶促反应β-消除生成丙烯醛和磷酰氮芥,磷酰氮芥及其他代谢产物都可经非水酶水解生成去甲氮芥,环磷酰胺在体内代谢的产物有'\n", "Warning: Answer 'D' not found in options for item '环磷酰胺为前体药物,需经体内活化才能发挥作用,经过氧化生成4-羟基环磷酰胺,进一步氧化生成无毒的4-酮基环磷酰胺,经过互变异构生产开环的醛基化合物。在肝脏进一步氧化生成无毒的羧酸化合物,而肿瘤组织中因缺乏正常组织所具有的酶不能代谢。非酶促反应β-消除生成丙烯醛和磷酰氮芥,磷酰氮芥及其他代谢产物都可经非水酶水解生成去甲氮芥,环磷酰胺在体内代谢的产物有'\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '环磷酰胺为前体药物,需经体内活化才能发挥作用,经过氧化生成4-羟基环磷酰胺,进一步氧化生成无毒的4-酮基环磷酰胺,经过互变异构生产开环的醛基化合物。在肝脏进一步氧化生成无毒的羧酸化合物,而肿瘤组织中因缺乏正常组织所具有的酶不能代谢。非酶促反应β-消除生成丙烯醛和磷酰氮芥,磷酰氮芥及其他代谢产物都可经非水酶水解生成去甲氮芥,环磷酰胺在体内代谢的产物有'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '环磷酰胺为前体药物,需经体内活化才能发挥作用,经过氧化生成4-羟基环磷酰胺,进一步氧化生成无毒的4-酮基环磷酰胺,经过互变异构生产开环的醛基化合物。在肝脏进一步氧化生成无毒的羧酸化合物,而肿瘤组织中因缺乏正常组织所具有的酶不能代谢。非酶促反应β-消除生成丙烯醛和磷酰氮芥,磷酰氮芥及其他代谢产物都可经非水酶水解生成去甲氮芥,环磷酰胺在体内代谢的产物有', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'D' not found in options for item '具有儿茶酚胺结构的药物极易被儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶(COMT)代谢发生O-甲基化反应,下列药物中不发生COMT代谢反应的是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '具有儿茶酚胺结构的药物极易被儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶(COMT)代谢发生O-甲基化反应,下列药物中不发生COMT代谢反应的是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'A' not found in options for item 'ACE抑制剂含有与锌离子作用的极性基团,为改善药物在体内的吸收,将其大部分制成前药,但也有非前药性的ACE抑制剂。属于非前药型的ACE抑制剂是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item 'ACE抑制剂含有与锌离子作用的极性基团,为改善药物在体内的吸收,将其大部分制成前药,但也有非前药性的ACE抑制剂。属于非前药型的ACE抑制剂是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'B' not found in options for item '对乙酰氨基酚在体内会转化生成乙酰亚胺醌,乙酰亚胺醌会耗竭肝内储存的谷胱甘肽,进而与某些肝脏蛋白的巯基结构形成共价加成物引起肝毒性。根据下列药物结构判断,可以作为对已酰氨基酚中毒解救药物的是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '对乙酰氨基酚在体内会转化生成乙酰亚胺醌,乙酰亚胺醌会耗竭肝内储存的谷胱甘肽,进而与某些肝脏蛋白的巯基结构形成共价加成物引起肝毒性。根据下列药物结构判断,可以作为对已酰氨基酚中毒解救药物的是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'B' not found in options for item '地西泮的活性代谢制成的药品是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '地西泮的活性代谢制成的药品是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'B' not found in options for item '下列药物中不含有苯甲酰结构的是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '下列药物中不含有苯甲酰结构的是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'D' not found in options for item '神经氨酸酶是存在于流感病毒表面的糖蛋白,为抗病毒药物的作用靶点。神经氨酸酶可以切断神经氨酸与糖蛋白的连接,释放出病毒复制的关键物质唾液酸(神经氨酸),此过程如图所示:神经氨酸酶抑制剂能有效阻断流感病毒的复制过程,发挥防治流感作用。从结构判断,具有抑制神经氨酸酶活性的药物是'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '神经氨酸酶是存在于流感病毒表面的糖蛋白,为抗病毒药物的作用靶点。神经氨酸酶可以切断神经氨酸与糖蛋白的连接,释放出病毒复制的关键物质唾液酸(神经氨酸),此过程如图所示:神经氨酸酶抑制剂能有效阻断流感病毒的复制过程,发挥防治流感作用。从结构判断,具有抑制神经氨酸酶活性的药物是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '老年慢性病患者长期服用中药应注意的事项有()。': \n", "Warning: Answer 'D' not found in options for item '试卷附图中,图示药材以味酸为佳的有()。'\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '试卷附图中,图示药材以味酸为佳的有()。'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '试卷附图中,图示药材以味酸为佳的有()。', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'D' not found in options for item '试卷附图中,图示为大血藤的是()。'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '试卷附图中,图示为大血藤的是()。', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'A' not found in options for item '试卷附图中,图示为杜仲的是()。'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '试卷附图中,图示为杜仲的是()。', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '不适宜直接吞服的药品是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列治疗原则属于反治的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '小便黄赤混浊多为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '可作为配制酊剂、合剂、糖浆剂或其他制剂的中间体的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列方剂中,可温肾暖脾,涩肠止泻的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '鹿茸不具有的功效是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列不属于黄芪的功效的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '直接写药名,需调配醋炙品的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '煎膏的保存要求是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '循行于腹面正中线的经脉是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '商陆的气味是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '适用于治疗五更溏泻的中成药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '白虎汤组成的药物中不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '上焦的生理功能特点是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '通行元气与运行水液的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '脾虚泄泻儿童慎用': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '可以用于去除黄曲霉素的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '茅苍术区别于北苍术的主要特征是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下关于麻醉药品的使用,说法错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列不属于蜜炙法的注意事项的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '一般采用蒸法加工的药材为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '具有生化、承载、受纳等作用的事物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '镇肝熄风汤的君药为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '具有清热凉血,泻火解毒,滋阴功效的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '附子可与下列哪个药材同用': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '善行大肠之滞气,为治湿热泻痢、里急后重之要药的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '毒蛋白类成分的毒性主要表现是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '连翘的外果皮是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '复核时检查特殊煎服法的药物是否已作另包和说明,属于': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '中药注册商标保护期满,需要继续使用的,应当在期满前多久申请续展注册': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '麻黄的发汗作用的主要机制是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '发药时,发药人员应首先': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下药物属妊娠慎用药的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '定喘汤常用组方中苏子与半夏的比例为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '苍耳子经炒黄后可': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '关于基本药物使用的说法,错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '我国医药品批发企业代理了境外一制药厂商生产的心血管类药品,销售使用后,发现该药品存在安全隐患,应实施召回,该药品召回行为的主体应该是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '国家发展中医药的方针政策是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '外用能杀灭皮肤寄生虫及抑制致病真菌的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '苦杏仁炮制的目的不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '生白芷片的处方用名不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '处方开具清半夏,调剂应付': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '肾的阴阳属性': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '药用部位为干燥根茎和叶柄残基的药材是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '与乌头相反的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列不属于药品质量特性的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列对于中医从业人员的要求论述错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '药物组分比例相差悬殊时不易混合均匀,可采用': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '入肝经、活血散瘀止痛的药物制备水丸时,常选用的赋形剂是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '八正合剂处方的君药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以菌核入药的中药材有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '药品经营企业的购销记录中不需要标明的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '酒蒸后既可以消除刺激,又能增强补脾润肺益肾作用的饮片是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '舌苔颗粒疏松粗大而厚,揩之可去,称为“腐苔”,主': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '不宜用酒炙法炮制的药材是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '沉降分离法': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列药材中,叶蓝绿色或黑蓝色,偶可见膜质托叶鞘的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '辛夷的药用部位为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '欲避开肝脏首关效应,肛门栓应塞入距肛门处': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '能吸附油质,可作为煨制的辅料的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '五味子酒炙后哪方面作用增强': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下操作,不符合审方审查原则的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '土炒山药可用于': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '红花的不良反应是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '用于手术、烧伤或严重创伤的局部给药制剂,应符合哪项要求': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '加辅料炒不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列药材中,种子肾形,表面棕黄色,有光泽的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '全蝎的气味是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '粗粉的标准是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '怒则': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '对肾性以及心性水肿患者的利尿作用显著的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '能够调整脑血管功能的平肝熄风药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列符合进口化学药品注册证号的格 式是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '气味芳香,为芳香化湿浊要药的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下哪项不符合软膏剂的基质选择原则': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '中医认识和治疗疾病的主要依据是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '生竹茹长于清热化痰,姜炙后': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列哪种花类药材富油性': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列可治疗咽喉肿痛、毒蛇咬伤的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列不需要专库存放,并双人双锁保管的药品是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '栓剂的作用特点是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '含有较多挥发油、脂肪油或其他液体原料药者制片时需加入': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '疾病发生的内在因素是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '常山不宜与下列哪种食物同服': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '木部隆起,形成数个突起的同心性环轮,俗称“罗盘纹”,该药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '既能燥湿祛风、杀虫止痒,又能温肾壮阳的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '可防治乌头碱所致的心律失常的中药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列药材火烧时产生紫红色烟雾的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '凡以消食化积、增进食欲为主要功效的药物,称为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '为保护土鳖虫,通常将它与下列哪个药材同贮': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '“油砂”指河砂加热至烫后,加入': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '关于鹿茸的服用,下列说法正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '狗脊净制去毛时应': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '开窍药皆入': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '气的功能不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '咳痰黄稠味腥多为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '正柴胡饮颗粒中的君药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '激发机体脏腑、经络生理活动是气的': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '阴盛格阳病机的形成是由于': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下哪项不属于“中药七情”的内容': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '性寒,外用解毒杀虫,燥湿止痒,内服清热止泻,清热消痰的药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '当门子的处方正名是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '常取仁炒香嚼服的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '橡胶膏剂的工艺流程是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '制备芒硝时每100kg药材用萝卜': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '具有镇痛、镇静、催眠作用的活血化瘀药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列关于散剂的说法不正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '不属于酸枣仁汤组方中的药材的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列关于中药不良反应监测报告的叙述正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '关于药事管理工作下列说法正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '中成药牛黄解毒片中含的有毒成分是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '医疗用毒性药品及其制剂的生产记录保存': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列矿物药中主要含单质成分的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '流浸膏剂每1ml相当于原药材': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '使商陆炮制后毒性降低的方法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '适用于完整中药的养护方法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '补骨脂的形状为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '“疙瘩丁”是下列哪味药材的性状特征': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '为增强固肠止泻作用,宜用面裹煨的药材是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '可缓和苦寒之性,增强止呕作用的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列除哪项外均具有抗毒素作用': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列关于片剂压片前的处理,叙述错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '切面灰白色,髓部疏松或中空的药材是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '冬虫夏草的主产地是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下关于处方的意义,叙述错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '马钱子写正名,处方应付': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列哪种中药的表面有丝样光泽': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '带下黄稠而臭秽者多为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '主血脉的脏腑是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列关于医疗机构的中药专业技术人员配备,说法正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '既能利水通淋,又能清解暑热的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '不易制成胶囊剂的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列属于一级野生保护物种的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '根呈长圆柱形,根头部有多数疣状突起的茎痕及芽,习称“狮子盘头”,根头下有致密的环状横纹,向下渐稀疏,有特殊香气,味微甜的药材是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '侧柏叶的药用部位是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '青皮和枳实的共同功效是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '石斛来源于': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '机体感受邪气后,病邪在机体内潜伏一段时间,或在诱因的作用下,过时而发病,这称为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '脘腹痞满胀痛,嗳腐吞酸,恶食呕恶,或大便泄泻,舌苔厚腻微黄,脉滑。宜选用的方剂是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '沉香药用部位来源于瑞香科白木香及沉香的': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '功能以补血止血为主的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '宜切薄片的药材为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '自然铜的形状与表面特征是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '具有“佛指甲”性状特征的中药材是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '“怀中抱月”是形容一种药材的性状特征,这种药材是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '暑邪多夹': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '小柴胡汤组成的药物中不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '治疗食积气滞,腹胀便秘,应首选的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '中药雄黄的主要成分是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '既能活血止痛,又能化瘀止血的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '金锁固精丸中的君药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '常用于含吐温液体药剂中做防腐剂的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '发药时的注意事项不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '血竭的鉴别特征,不包括下列哪一项': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '归脾汤的组方原理为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '不属于痰饮的致病特点的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '牵牛子的功效是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '“太仓”指的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '越鞠丸方中的君药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '我国药事管理的依据是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '丸剂的缺点是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '艾附暖宫丸除调经外又能': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列可治胆胃不和、痰热内扰证的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '上助心阳,中温脾阳,下补肾阳的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '关于中医从业人员的资格要求,错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '海金沙的药用部位是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '适于表证已解而喘咳未愈的老人、幼儿及体虚患者的麻黄规格是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,女,51岁。胸部刺痛,固定不移,入夜更甚,时或心悸不宁,失眠,舌质紫暗,脉象沉涩,宜选': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '补阳还五汤的功效是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '片剂制颗粒的目的不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '可作为直接压片的干燥黏合剂和崩解剂的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下关于浸渍法的特点,叙述错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '斗谱排列的主要依据不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '中药饮片炮制不可以遵循的标准是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '三七的现代临床应用有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '适用于“寒者热之”的情况是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '呃声低沉,声弱无力多为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '绿豆减轻巴豆毒性,符合中药配伍的 哪个原则': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '对戥属于下列哪项范畴': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '处方开具当归身,调剂应付': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '目前中药调剂中最常用的衡器是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '眼用溶液剂中添加硼酸缓冲液的作用是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '利用制霜法降低毒性的中药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '阴阳的互根关系不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '易吸湿或混合后发生共溶的药物填充胶囊时的处理要求': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列成药中属于涩肠止泻剂的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '狗脊的入药部位': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '背部高耸成屋脊状的蛇是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '西红花的药用部位是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '人参入汤剂宜': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '醋制芫花的目的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列关于热原的叙述,错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '珍珠的鉴定特征不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '羌活胜湿汤和独活寄生汤组方中共有的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '附子的主产地是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '具有通经下乳功效的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '既清肝明目,又润肠通便的药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列属于石菖蒲功效的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '胡黄连的药用部位是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列关于影响浸提因素的说法中,错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '绵马贯众的主产地是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '功善温肺化饮的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '片剂常见的变异现象是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下哪项药经过批准可以在大众媒介上进行广告宣传': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '中药鉴定时,每一包件的取样量中粉末状药材和饮片的抽取量为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '负责麻醉药品和精神药品目录的制定的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '恶寒发热、头痛首选': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '莱菔子的主治病证是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '含毒剧药或刺激性药物的处方以及需延缓药效的处方,多制成': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '水提醇沉法的操作中不正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '紫花地丁来源于': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '木瓜丸的功能主治是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '“乌金衣”的意义是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '“热极生风”指的是下列哪种病证的致病特点': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '其性走窜,久服易伤正气的药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '全面审方包括处方的哪些内容': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '乙醇浓度达到多少时,能延缓酯类、苷类等药物成分的水解,增加制剂的稳定性': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '十二经脉中相表里的两经的交接部位是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '青黛的药用部位为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '药品有效期至2016年04月,则该药可用至': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '治外感风邪、瘀血阻络、血虚失养、肝阳上亢引起的头痛眩晕,宜选用的中成药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '石斛夜光丸除了可以清肝明目外,还可以': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '有补气、化痰功效的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '橡胶膏剂的基质中,氧化锌是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '川芎茶调散主治': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '能避免肝脏首关效应的剂型是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '色棕红或灰黑,表面有乳头状“钉头”,断面显层叠状者的药材是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列不属于黑色所主病证的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '六一散方中甘草与滑石用量的比例是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '既能杀虫,又能截疟的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下药品,属中药毒性品种的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '蒿芩清胆汤的主治病证是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '功能舒肝利胆,清热通下的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '炮制法半夏所用辅料为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '既治血瘀气滞痛证,又治多种头痛及风湿痹痛的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '治疗小儿肺卫热盛所致的喉痹、乳蛾的中成药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '南沙参来源于': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下哪一种药材粉末中无草酸钙结晶': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '藿胆丸的主治证是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '去瓤的药物有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列可清肺胃热的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '丹参药材表面颜色是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列不属于复发诱因的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '服用人参时,不可同用的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '适用于热敏性、易氧化的有效成分及亲脂性、分子量小的物质的提取方法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下药材需后下的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '四君子汤的组成药物为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '治疗肾不纳气的虚喘证,应首选的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '属于银翘散与桑菊饮组方中共有药物的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '槟榔的断面特征是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '国家实行药品不良反应报告制度,以下按规定报告药品不良反应的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '不用明煅法炮制的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '可起速效作用的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '一般药物宜于': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列不属于“八法”内容的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '药材具有羊膻气的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '侧柏叶写正名,处方应付': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '三级医院的临床药师不得少于几名': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '挥发油或其他芳香性或挥发性药物的澄明饱和或近饱和水溶液,称为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '连翘败毒丸的功能是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '中药饮片处方中不包含以下哪个内容': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '亲水亲油平衡值13-18,7-9分别适合作为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '车前子、葶苈子宜': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列药材中,其水液可使指甲染黄,习 称“挂甲”的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '同《中国药典》一样具有法律效力的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '熟地黄的存放要求是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '药师调剂处方时的“十对“内容不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '水溶性基质栓剂的融变时限是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '既能解表,又能清热的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '包肠溶衣通常选用的方法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列属于灰分测定的方法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '关于阴阳相生的关系,下列说法正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '气味易散失的药材类型是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '在眼用溶液剂中,可作为抑菌剂使用的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '常用的片剂赋形剂是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '干燥淀粉作为片剂崩解剂时的前处理是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '不符合常用斗谱排列原则的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列易发生虫蛀的中药剂型是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列选项中与其他四种药物不属于同一种炮制方法的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '包薄膜衣片常用的包衣料是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '味辛,性热,有大毒的药物是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男,51岁。有结核病接触史,吸烟30余年,无自觉症状。体检时胸片发现左上肺于第2前肋间近外侧胸壁处有直径约3cm的肿块阴影,边缘较模糊,痰液检查未发现癌细胞,亦未找到抗酸杆菌,支纤镜检阴性。如果该患者术后病理报告胃小细胞肺癌,关于SCLC放疗的正确说法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,41岁。无意间发现左乳外上象限大小为1.0cm*1.5cm质中包块,无疼痛及周围皮温增高现象。患者既往有乳腺增生病史5年。行左乳癌改良根治术及腋窝淋巴结清扫术,病理检查结果提示为左乳浸润性导管癌,13枚腋窝淋巴结中4枚阳性,ER++,PR++,Her-2/neu+++。与乳腺癌不良预后有关的因素有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,40岁。因突起腹中部疼痛发作伴血便3天入院。腹痛为阵发性,伴恶心、呕吐。呕吐为胃内容物,起病后曾解黏液血便3次。患者于1个月前腹痛开始反复发作,伴解黏液血便,腹痛发作时,自感有“气块”在腹内串动。体查:消瘦、贫血貌,腹稍胀,全腹软,无局限性压痛及肌紧张,下腹正中可扪及10cm*6cm肿块,坚韧,轻压痛,上下可以推动,肠鸣音活跃,音调稍高。下列不是高危结肠癌患者预后不良因素的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,42岁。既往健康,近2个月出现巩膜、皮肤黄染,呈进行性加重,无腹痛,略消瘦,体检见:肝肋下可触及,右上腹扪及肿大之胆囊,无触痛,无发热。该患者进行胰腺癌外照射时,下列可能属于放射治疗并发症的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,70岁。发现左乳约3cm*4cm肿块1周,检查雌激素时,雌酮(E1)明显升高,而雌二酮(E2)、雌三酮(E3)正常。关于乳腺癌术后放疗指征说法正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男,45岁。发热、乏力伴消瘦2个月,两侧颈部和腹股沟可触及数粒蚕豆大小淋巴结,脾肋下2cm,结核菌素试验(―),骨髓检查正常。如果患者淋巴结活检的病理检查结果为弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤,免疫组化检测结果CD20为阳性,最佳推荐的治疗方案为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,29岁。婚后2年未育。性生活正常,偶出现阴囊潮湿。B超检查:性腺未见异常。要求做精液检查。结果属正常的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,23岁。一周前左手被铁钉刺伤,未作创面处理。近日,感头痛,咀嚼肌紧张酸痛,临床拟诊为破伤风。对患者的治疗措施主要包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,7岁。发热2天伴皮肤紫癜。查体:T39.1℃,肝肋下2.5cm、脾肋下4cm,颈部淋巴结可触及。 患儿骨髓细胞化学染色可发现的特点有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,29岁。婚后2年未育。性生活正常,偶出现阴囊潮湿。B超检查:性腺未见异常。要求做精液检查。精液检查的目的有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,42岁。既往健康,近2个月出现巩膜、皮肤黄染,呈进行性加重,无腹痛,略消瘦,体检见:肝肋下可触及,右上腹扪及肿大之胆囊,无触痛,无发热。该患者进行胰腺癌外照射时,下列可能属于放射治疗并发症的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,23岁。一周前左手被铁钉刺伤,未作创面处理。近日,感头痛,咀嚼肌紧张酸痛,临床拟诊为破伤风。如果是破伤风杆菌,送检伤口分泌物培养结果可出现的特点有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,37岁。因“突发上腹部痛2小时”就诊。2小时前无明显诱因突发上腹部剧痛,伴面色苍白,出冷汗,恶心,呕吐,无畏寒、发热等。查体:急性病容,强迫屈曲体位,板状腹,压痛、反跳痛明显,肝浊音界缩小,肠鸣音消失,腹透示:膈下新月形游离气体。诊断的依据有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,46岁。白带增多1年,偶而呈粉红色,近3个月有性交出血,月经尚规则,妇科检查见宫颈中度糜烂,子宫正常大小,质软、双侧附件无异常所见。阴道镜下活检有癌细胞已突破基底膜5mm,有淋巴管被侵袭及病状融合现象。该患者进行放疗后,下列属于放射治疗的远期并发症的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,7岁。发热2天伴皮肤紫癜。查体:T39.1℃,肝肋下2.5cm、脾肋下4cm,颈部淋巴结可触及。该患儿要考虑可能的疾病有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,3岁。受凉后发热、咳嗽4天,加重1天。查体:T39℃,R 30次/分,P 120次/分。双肺可闻及干啰音和散在水泡音。可证实是葡萄球菌肺炎的试验是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,40岁。因突起腹中部疼痛发作伴血便3天入院。腹痛为阵发性,伴恶心、呕吐。呕吐为胃内容物,起病后曾解黏液血便3次。患者于1个月前腹痛开始反复发作,伴解黏液血便,腹痛发作时,自感有“气块”在腹内串动。体查:消瘦、贫血貌,腹稍胀,全腹软,无局限性压痛及肌紧张,下腹正中可扪及10cm*6cm肿块,坚韧,轻压痛,上下可以推动,肠鸣音活跃,音调稍高。下列不是高危结肠癌患者预后不良因素的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女性,39岁。5个月前剖宫产术后出现阴道不规则流血,每日约用卫生护垫1~2张。产后2个月仍有流血。妇科检查:宫颈下唇菜花样肿物,触之易出血,子宫大小正常,宫旁无明显增厚。患者下一步应进行的检查有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,29岁。婚后2年未育。性生活正常,偶出现阴囊潮湿。B超检查:性腺未见异常。要求做精液检查。下列关于精液标本采集说法正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,29岁。婚后2年未育。性生活正常,偶出现阴囊潮湿。B超检查:性腺未见异常。要求做精液检查。下列因素会导致精液检查异常的有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,2岁。1个月前患支气管肺炎,一直在使用抗菌药物治疗。近两天,又出现发热、呕吐、腹泻,面色苍白,眼窝凹陷,尿少等症状。查体:T 38.6℃,R 30次/分,P 120次/分。咽部充血,心肺(-)。大便培养可能得到的菌落的特点为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,37岁。因“突发上腹部痛2小时”就诊。2小时前无明显诱因突发上腹部剧痛,伴面色苍白,出冷汗,恶心,呕吐,无畏寒、发热等。查体:急性病容,强迫屈曲体位,板状腹,压痛、反跳痛明显,肝浊音界缩小,肠鸣音消失,腹透示:膈下新月形游离气体。关于胃酸分析的结果解释,下列说法正确的有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女,41岁。无意间发现左乳外上象限大小为1.0cm*1.5cm质中包块,无疼痛及周围皮温增高现象。患者既往有乳腺增生病史5年。行左乳癌改良根治术及腋窝淋巴结清扫术,病理检查结果提示为左乳浸润性导管癌,13枚腋窝淋巴结中4枚阳性,ER++,PR++,Her-2/neu+++。与乳腺癌不良预后有关的因素有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男,51岁。有结核病接触史,吸烟30余年,无自觉症状。体检时胸片发现左上肺于第2前肋间近外侧胸壁处有直径约3cm的肿块阴影,边缘较模糊,痰液检查未发现癌细胞,亦未找到抗酸杆菌,支纤镜检阴性。如果该患者术后病理报告胃小细胞肺癌,关于SCLC放疗的正确说法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女性,53岁。4个月前无明显诱因出现胸闷、气促、轻咳,咳少许白色黏痰,无畏寒、发热,盗汗等,考虑为右侧结核性胸膜炎,给予抗感染、抗结核治疗40天后病情缓解出院。近1周无明显诱因病情加重,到本院就诊。查体:见双下肢无水肿。左下肺可闻及细湿啰音,右侧胸腔积液征阳性。心率98次/分,腹软,肝于剑突下5cm、肋下2cm可触及,表面光滑,质软,轻压痛。第1次胸腔积液检查:暗红、混浊、李凡他试验(+)、比重1.020、LD 143U/L、蛋白质21.7g/L、RBC(+)、WBC(0~2)/HP、抗酸杆菌(-)、恶性细胞(-)。给予抗结核治疗10天,无明显疗效,但试用利尿剂后患者病情可缓解。再次胸穿发现胸腔积液呈透明、鲜红色,李凡他试验(-),比重1.008,蛋白25.4g/L,LD 222U/L,RBC(++),WBC(1~2)/HP。上述特征支持积液为渗出液的有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,2岁。1个月前患支气管肺炎,一直在使用抗菌药物治疗。近两天,又出现发热、呕吐、腹泻,面色苍白,眼窝凹陷,尿少等症状。查体:T 38.6℃,R 30次/分,P 120次/分。咽部充血,心肺(-)。若菌落出现较大的β溶血环,且凝固酶试验阳性,考虑为金黄色葡萄球菌。药物敏感试验必须选择的药物有': \n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '3-1', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女性,24岁。因不明原因发热2周就诊。既往史:风湿性心脏病病史5年。查体:T38.6℃,心尖区Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,双肺听诊无异常。足趾见2个紫红色结节,有压痛。为了提高血培养阳性率,以下描述正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男性,51岁。因发热,咳嗽,剧烈头痛5天入院。入院体检:消瘦,慢性消耗病容,全身浅表淋巴结可触及,心(-),肺CT示右肺脊柱旁高密度影,脑MRI发现两侧大脑多处散在团块样病灶。可作为治疗疗效的监测指标包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '细胞间相互作用不受MHC限制的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列哪项不符合小叶性肺炎': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '关于DNA-polⅠ的叙述错误的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '1-β1受体阻断剂是': \n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '4-突变后没有造成编码蛋白的氨基酸组成发生改变的是', skipping...\n", "Warning: Answer 'E' not found in options for item '不符合生物心理社会医学模式的观点'\n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '不符合生物心理社会医学模式的观点', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '耳鼻咽喉科医生检查病人时,关于医生与患者的位置关系以下说法正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '对婴儿湿疹临床表现的描述,不正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '使用额镜时须注意的要点为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列哪项不属于运动系统检查': \n", "Warning: No valid answers for item '4-.扁鹊', skipping...\n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '我国计划免疫预防的疾病不包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '1-突发公共卫生事件各级人民政府的应急反应措施是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '以下注释《内经》的著作中,哪些不属于分类注释': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《灵枢•本神》原文,“脾藏营,营舍意”,脾病则见': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《素问•金匮真言论》,性质属阴的有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《灵枢•师传》,岐伯提出问诊应包括的范围是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《素问•阴阳离合论》,下面说法正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《素问•五脏别论》认为具有“传化物而不藏”的特点的内脏有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '失神的表现包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《灵枢•营卫生会》提出少壮之人“昼精而夜瞑”之因为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《素问•五脏别论》认为具有藏而不泻功能的脏器是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《素问•经脉别论》水饮的生化过程包括的环节是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《灵枢•营卫生会》提出营气的运行方式为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '属于《内经》描述衰老征象的内容是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《素问•太阴阳明论》,邪入五脏出现的症状有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '1-上述哪项属于病名?': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《素问•平人气象论》,下列哪项是“水肿”的诊断要点': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《灵枢•天年》,六十岁衰老的表现是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《素问•玉机真脏论》提出的“五虚”包括哪些': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《灵枢•天年》,三十岁的生命特征及生理表现是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《灵枢•天年》,不能终寿的原因是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '为治湿热火郁之要药的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《素问•五脏别论》,以下哪些属于奇恒之府': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《灵枢•本神》原文,“肺,喜乐无极则伤魄,魄伤”可见到下列表现': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '根据《素问•生气通天论》,由于阳气“开阖不得,寒气从之”所造成的病证是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列哪一项不是苓桂术甘汤证:': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《素问•上古天真论》提出的养生方法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列关于《素问•气厥论》中脏腑寒热病相传情况,正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《素问•举痛论》,悲则气消的机制是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《素问•生气通天论》原文,“阳不胜其阴”及“阴不胜其阳”可见': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《灵枢•营卫生会》提出卫气的运行方式为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '既清肝明目,又润肠通便的药是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '少神表现包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '得神表现包括:': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《素问•汤液醪醴论》中提出对于水肿的治疗方法是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《灵枢•营卫生会》提出老人“昼不精,夜不瞑”之因为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《素问•疏五过论》,下列哪项是“五过”的范畴': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《灵枢•天年》,“人之寿百岁而死”具备的寿相特征是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《素问•标本病传论》所述,下列情况中,当先治其本的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者,男性,69岁,左胸闷痛4年,近来伴气短喘促,咳嗽,痰多粘腻色白,苔白腻,脉滑。最佳治疗方剂是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《灵枢•五色》,下列哪项属于“五官之辨”的范围': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '得神表现包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '中药的剂量一般是指': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '手太阳小肠经循行路线包括': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '根据《素问•生气通天论》,煎厥的病因病机是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《灵枢•本神》原文,“肾,盛怒而不止则伤志,志伤”可见到下列表现': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '《素问•五脏别论》认为具有泻而不藏功能的脏器有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '下列各组经脉,按顺序流注正确的是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '根据《素问•生气通天论》,薄厥的病因病机是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《素问•宝命全形论》内容,下列哪些符合医生实施针刺治疗的基本要求': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《灵枢•本神》原文,“肝,悲哀动中则伤魂,魂伤”可见到下列表现': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿女性,9岁。因水肿、少尿并血尿收入院。起病无诱因,不伴发热,患儿曾对症治疗,颜面及四肢水肿消退,而腹胀日益加重,出现持续肉眼血尿和大量蛋白尿。既往健康。家族无相似患者。体检:营养欠佳,发育中等,精神差,颜面不肿,双下肢中度可凹性水肿。心肺无异常。腹部高度膨胀,移动性浊音阳性,肝脾未触及,未及异常包块,余无特殊。提示:下腔静脉造影术后7天开始,患儿右下肢(造影穿刺侧)增粗。右足背动脉搏动亦有所减弱,局部皮肤温度无变化,局部无波动感。与此同时,腹水增多,腹胀加剧,入院第36天(造影术后20天)行腹腔穿刺,腹水外观清亮,镜检未见细胞,蛋白定量为1.0g/L,培养阴性。上述体征提示该患者可能出现了哪些病情变化': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,3个月。因“发热、气促3天、加重1天”入院。3天前无明显诱因下,发热39.6℃,伴轻咳,气促,唇周发绀,无寒战,无抽搐。曾在外院予青霉素,头孢噻肟钠抗感染等治疗。昨天热稍退,但气促发绀明显加重,伴呼气性呻吟。起病以来,精神困倦,烦躁,睡眠差,胃纳差,间有腹胀,无呕吐,大便稀黄,1〜2次/日,量少,无脓血黏液,尿少。查体:T38℃,P200次/分,R60次/分,BP9/5KPa,体重4.5Kg,神清,烦躁不安,颜面唇周发绀,前囟1.5cm×1.5cm,平软,气管稍偏右,呼气性呻吟,鼻翼扇动,三凹征(+),左侧胸廓较膨隆,左侧哭颤减弱,叩诊鼓音,左侧呼吸音明显减弱,右侧呼吸音粗,较多细小湿啰音,心率200次/分,律齐,第一心音低钝,未闻杂音,腹稍胀,肝增大至右肋下4cm,质中,脾未触及。个人史:足月,在家产,混合喂养,未预防接种。具有以下哪几项可诊断为心力衰竭': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿,女,7岁,因“发作性意识丧失3个月”来诊。发作10余次/d,每次持续10余秒,发作时不摔倒,可由过度呼吸诱发。该药的常见不良反应为': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '常见顽固性高血压的原因有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者男,58岁。头痛,呕吐2个月余。行颅脑MRI示:右额叶占位。后行开颅探查+肿瘤切除术,病检示“胶质母细胞瘤”。该患者在放射治疗过程中,下列可能是放射治疗副反应的症状是': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患者女性,28岁。近2天出现口周麻木、手足抽搐如助产士手或鹰爪状。查体:身高152cm,体重51kg,BP 110/70mmHg,甲状腺不大,心、肺无异常。实验室检查提示血钙降低。初步诊断应考虑的疾病有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '患儿男,12个月。家长发现患儿发育比其他同龄婴儿慢而就诊。营养发育史:3~4个月能抬头,现12个月不能独坐,不会爬。面部表情呆滞,对逗笑反应较前差。单纯牛乳喂养,未添加辅食。査体:生长发育可,面色苍黄,体重7.5kg,精神反应差,表情淡漠,眼神欠灵活,肢体活动少,呼吸40次/分。全身皮略干燥、粗糙;无明显舌震颤。心肺无明显异常,腹软,肝、脾轻度大,质软。四肢肌张力略低,肌肉略松弛,跟、膝腱反射活跃。实验室检查:WBC 49×109/L,N 35%,L 61%,M 4%,RBC 1.97×109/L ,Hb 69g/L,Hct 0.212,PLT 90×109/L,RDW 21.2%。网织红细胞3%。尿常规(-),粪常规(-)。患儿的骨髓血细胞形态学检查,其他细胞系统可能出现的现象有': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '少神提示': \n", "Warning: Unexpected type for 'Answer' in item '据《素问•四气调神大论》,违背冬季养生规律可导致': \n" ] } ], "execution_count": 1 }, { "metadata": {}, "cell_type": "code", "outputs": [], "execution_count": null, "source": "", "id": "eb3e2b3ee5c3f5bc" } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 2 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", "version": "2.7.6" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 5 }