> he is the first to cite the pastoral and johannine epistles that attack sectarians who had a more symbolic interpretation of the gospel story as anti-christs > the books he cited from when laying out his theology matches well with the modern canon established by the council of trent in 1545 except that he also cited the apocryphal book of enoch and the shepherd of hermas and left out philemon, hebrews, james, 2 peter, 3 john and jude. he also included the old testament in his canon, continuing the antioch church's tradition of adopting the messianic prophecies extrapolated from the septuagint without upholding the laws of moses in the pentateuch. he is also the first to catalogue all of the known christian heresies of his time, creating the first systematic theology that defined all the different sects as well as his own sect. in his definitive tome, the refutation and overthrow of gnosis so-called, or against heresies for short, irenaeus attacks the theologies of the adoptionists, ebionites, cerinthians, docetae, marcionites, and the various gnostic sects, but especially main rival-sect, valentinianism > in against hereies, irenaeus makes the absurd claim that each of the four canonical gospels was stolen by one particular heretical christian sect. according to irenaeus, mark was stolen by the adoptionists who believed the spirit adopted jesus at his baptism, matthew was stolen by the jewish ebionites who kept the torah and rejected his divinity, luke was stolen by the stoic marcionites whose docetic theology taught that jesus came down from heaven unborn, and john was stolen by the plato-loving valentinians who identified jesus with the logos. as it turns out, mark does portray an adoptionist theology of jesus receiving the holy spirit first at baptism. matthew is the sole gospel that makes the ebionite argument that the jewish laws of moses were still in effect
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