> in academia, there are two "silos" of history. one written entirely from other books, of which last surviving text is no older than 1100ad, and one which studies hard science like sediment layers, carbon-14, tree rings, solar weathering, etc. but there's a lot of primary sources that date all the way back to aniquity though, following your own criteria for carbon-14 or other radiometric methods.   _hinnom_scrolls   us_amherst_63 of course, their content usually indicates that the hebrews had an oral and written tradition that differs quite a bit from the hellenistic pentateuch we have now, and they were most likely polytheists. yhwh shared temples with other gods, etc.
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