beyond that, she adds, "was the surge of energy from the jewish intelligentsia, and new industrialist class, made possible following their being granted full citizenship rights by franz joseph in 1867, and full access to schools and universities." and, though this was still a largely male-dominated society, a number of women also made an impact. alma mahler, whose composer husband had died in 1911, was also a composer and became the muse and lover of the artist oskar kokoschka and the architect walter gropius. though the city was, and remains, synonymous with music, lavish balls and the waltz, its dark side was especially bleak. vast numbers of its citizens lived in slums and 1913 saw nearly 1,500 viennese take their own lives. no-one knows if hitler bumped into trotsky, or tito met stalin. but works like dr freud will see you now, mr hitler - a 2007 radio play by laurence marks and maurice gran - are lively imaginings of such encounters. the conflagration which erupted the following year destroyed much of vienna's intellectual life. the empire imploded in 1918, while propelling hitler, stalin, trotsky and tito into careers that would mark world history forever.   1859771
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