> plus they don't have rives that can be navigated by ships they had some, and they used them pretty often. like the niger river, which was important for all the states that existed in the region and a main lifeline of civilization. the lower congo basin also had many polities built around fluvial lines. the tar-tse fly was nasty but mostly a logistical problem. they had livestock resistant to it with all of the multiple breeds of goat native to the region and many communities centered around transhumance for centuries. > and they have the least farming land of all continents, plus too dry climate to properly develop farming its hard to generalize like this. some land in africa is great for farming. pretty much all of east africa has a suitable geography to it. that problem is mostly restricted to the sahel and other dry regions. > and they almost don't have places to have sea ports. again, not true either. west africans had maritime trade before europeans ever got there. it was just unstable and was often abandoned by the local states. and east africa outright thrived with huge navigations between there and china millennia before the age of navigation. the indian ocean didnt have any of the major difficulties posed by the atlantic that european had to face.
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