> one of the high dignitaries of the rite of misraim was isaac-adolphe cremieux (isaac moise cremieux, 1796-1880). cremieux is said to have reintroduced misraim in england in late 1870. the freemason reported on 31 december that a supreme council general of the 90 had been regularly formed here under the authority conveyed in a diploma granted to the bro. cremieux, 33 of the rite ecossais, and a member of the grand college of rites in france. > adolphe cremieux, a lawyer and radical left-wing politician, was also the instigator of the foundation of a universal jewish organization which fought against segregation and persecution of jews throughout the world. this was the alliance israelite universelle. on may 17, 1860, the appel de l'alliance, the founding text of the organization, was drawn up by six (rather young) french jews. cremieux did not want to come to the fore, but in 1863 he became the president of the universal israelite alliance. cremieux had played an important part in the revolutionary movements of 1848 and had joined, together with leon gambetta (freemason), the government of national defense (1870-71) as minister of justice.  > the young turks were created in the 1890s by a prominent sephardic jewish family in ottoman salonika (modern thessaloniki, greece) and an official of the italian bnai brith, named emmanuel carasso. carasso was also the grand master of an italian masonic lodge there called macedonia resurrected. the lodge was the headquarters of the young turks, and all the top young turk leadership were members. the italian masonic lodges in the ottoman empire had been set up by a follower of mazzini named emmanuel veneziano, who was also a leader of the european affiliate of the bnai brith, as well as the alliance isralite universelle.
Netherlands