an important distinction to be understood: used in the us, the mrna vaccine is a lipid shell encasing single-stranded mrnas comprised of analog, capped ribonucleotides which encode for the spike protein (aka the epitope). it was theorized that this lipid-encased mrna would be taken up by dendritic cells in the inoculated upper arm. these dendritic cells are theorized to then travel to the local underarm lymph node & then act as antigen-presenting cells to spur the immune system to create spike-specific antibodies. unfortunately, it has been found that the analog (synthetic) spike mrna is not degraded quickly as theorized & the vaccine spike mrna has been found remaining in the lymph nodes. the slow-to-degrade analog spike mrna then acts as a spike protein factory, for over 2 months after inoculation. used in the uk, the adenovirus vaccine vector contains a neutered adenovirus with dna encoding for the sars2 spike protein. the adenovirus-infected host cell then maintains the spike dna extrachromosomally in its nucleus & the host cell begins to express (make) the spike protein. the infected host cell then inserts this vaccine-based spike protein on its cell surface. the immune system will then detect the spike-studded host cell & then destroy the infected host cell and the adenovirus all at once via phagocytosis. the immune system will use this degraded cell material containing the spike epitope to activate the adaptive immune response to create anti-spike antibodies. the adenovirus sars2 vaccine has been shown to clear as theorized, unlike the mrna vaccine described above. the reason both the mrna & adenovirus vectors cause cardiovascular and clotting issues is b/c the spike protein is a toxin itself. both vaccines use the spike protein as their epitope. it was an enormous error to choose the spike protein as an epitope, rather than choosing another more innocuous epitope such as the coronaviridae nucleocapsid or membrane proteins which we already had immunity to.
United States