> harting's operations were particularly effective against arms smuggling into russia by revolutionary groups. harting coordinated surveillance and penetration of these groups throughout europe, and introduced the filing system with information about all persons mentioned in intelligence and operational reports. he coordinated a network of about 40 penetration agents and about 20 external surveillance agents > in 1909 a former okhrana officer leonid menshchikov, who defected to revolutionaries, identified harting as a former okrana agent hackelman and as landesen, the organiser of the provocation for which he had been sentenced to a prison term by a french court. when burtsev published this information, harting was dismissed from his okrana post and fled to belgium. the revelation caused a scandal in french parliament, when socialist deputy jean jaurs attacked the french government for hosting foreign police service on french soil. in response, prime minister georges clemenceau promised that this would not be allowed to continue. although in reality paris okhrana continued operate under a new chief, alexandr krasilnikov, it never reached the level of activity achieved under harting > in 1913 harting was awarded the rank of active state councilor, which gave him the rights of hereditary nobility. during world war i harting was involved in counter-intelligence work in france and belgium. his further whereabouts including the date of his death are unknown
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