ai in dune involves an ai "overmind" called omnius and what are essentially brains in jars in giant robots called cymeks. they do what you would expect and enslave mankind, mankind revolts when erasmus (a machine) throws a baby off of a balcony.  the humans get the machines down to one world, corin, (where house corino gets it's name) and the ai puts a bunch of people in containers in orbit to stop the humans attack. the ateides tell the harkonens "fuck that, kill the ai" - the harkonens don't want to murder millions.of innocents so the atreides call them cowards and spark off that rivalry. omnius blasts a high powered signal into space before it gets destroyed, humans make a law that no thinking machines can be made, which leads to the mentat schools being established. herbert felt too much scifi was based around the technology, so he set his story up in a way that the focus could be on humanity.
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