if the binary jpeg data contains a payload that triggers a bug in your browser's jpeg decoding software to execute a virus payload. jpeg libraries are very, very heavily tested by companies like mozilla to make the software they release doesn't have exploitable bugs in it. but... libjpeg has had several bugs discovered in it over the years, see:   y.cgi?keyword=libjpeg a remote code execution vulnerability was discovered in 2016 early iphones had a jailbreak technique that used a specially crafted pdf for that purpose.
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