mr. morgenthau  furthermore, the establishment of co-operative stores is claimed by many jewish traders to be a form of discrimination. it would seem, however, that this movement is a legitimate effort to restrict the activities and therefore the profits of the middleman. unfortunately, when these stores were introduced into poland, they were advertised as a means of eliminating the jewish trader. the jews have, therefore, been caused to feel that the establishment of co-operatives is an attack upon themselves. while the establishment and the maintenance of co-operatives may have been influenced by anti-semitic sentiment, this is a form of economic activity which any community is perfectly entitled to pursue. poland opened her gates to the persecuted jews , they flocked there and enjoyed complete freedom; they were even allowed to form a state within a state, governing themselves in all jewish matters and doing business with the polish government only through their own chosen spokesmen and representatives. the polish people were their friends, evincing neither religious nor racial antipathy to them. then europe fell upon poland, divided her asunder, until in the roster of the nations there was no more poland, except in the hearts of the polish people. during this period of polands humiliation, the jews grew to be a mighty power, ruling the poles, regulating their very lives. the great war came with its promise of liberation and the restoration of a polish free government. the jews were not favorable to that restoration. they were not polands friends, at the signing of the armistice when they were free to express their resentment, they did so. many regrettable things occurred, but they were not unintelligible. they had explanatory backgrounds. even the armistice was not the end. the bolsheviks from russia came down upon poland, and once more, so the poles strongly declare, jews were against the land that had sheltered them for 800 years.
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