-concurrence by justice thomas- justice clarence thomas wrote separately, although concurring with the majority in full. his concurrence took aim at the broader judicial principles that favor native american treaty interpretations. he suggested revisiting the idea that treaties with native americans should be construed liberally in favor of tribes. -dissenting opinion by justice gorsuch- justice neil gorsuch, joined by justices sotomayor, kagan, and jackson, dissented. gorsuchs dissent, beginning on page 555 of the lawyers' edition (216 l.ed.2d 540), framed the governments obligations in moral and legal terms, rooted in the long history of the federal government's relationship with native american tribes. he highlighted the historical context of the navajos forced relocation and the cannons of construction governing indian treaties, which require courts to interpret treaties as the tribal negotiators would have understood them. gorsuch took a scathing view of the government's actionsor inactionover the years, noting that the governments failure to meet its obligations has persisted for generations. he underscored the federal trust responsibility owed to the tribe, asserting that the courts decision effectively undermined this responsibility. the dissent was laced with criticism of the government's longstanding neglect, with gorsuch humorously referencing that this neglect has existed "since elvis was still making his rounds on the ed sullivan show." *-*-*
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