> the centralized power supply system must be competitive with autonomous power supply systems for industrial consumers. the cost of electricity should not encourage industrial consumers to disconnect from the ues of russia. > are there cross-subsidies in the european energy sector? > - of course there is. and very significant. any averaging of prices (tariffs) between groups of consumers or electricity producers automatically leads to cross-subsidization. > each country has its own methods and methods for pricing electricity, which are formed on the basis of historical, economic, and social factors. moreover, states additionally differentiate tariff levels with the help of taxes and budget subsidies, based on the strategic task of ensuring the competitiveness of industrial consumers, taking into account the effective demand of the population (the level of wages, pensions, benefits). as a result, the level of final tariffs for industrial consumers in european countries is significantly lower than for the population. for example, in pre-covid times, in 2019, in germany the population paid twice as much for electricity as industry, in denmark - three times more. at the same time, the share of tax payments in the cost of electricity for the population in germany was 53 percent, and in denmark - 70 percent. for industrial consumers, the tax component of the tariff is significantly less. 7/?
Czech Republic