i udalo mi sie nawet z roznych zrodel ustalic co jest zrodlem tego waszego hiva > in the judicial sphere, under mongol influence capital punishment, which during the times of kievan rus' had only been applied to slaves, became widespread, and the use of torture became a regular part of criminal procedure. specific punishments introduced in moscow included beheading for alleged traitors and branding of thieves (with execution for a third arrest).[32]   l_invasion_of_kievan_rus%27#age_of_ mongol_rule
Poland