donin's translation of statements taken from the talmud into french changed the christian perception about jews. christians had viewed the jews as the followers of the old testament who honored the law of moses and the prophets, but the alleged blasphemies included among the talmudic texts indicated that jewish understandings of the old testament differed from the christian understanding.[17] louis ix stated that only skilled clerics could conduct a disputation with jews, but that laymen should plunge a sword into those who speak ill of the christ. the synagogue of satan, which they are
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