Research shows that drinking vegetable juices every day in place of fruit juices is highly beneficial for your health. It is a well – known fact that vegetable juices are considered to be the powerhouse of energy and nutrition. There several reasons for this and one of the biggest reasons behind this is that vegetable juices contain no calories. They are full of nutritious elements and contain great amount of antioxidant. We know that drinking juices every day helps us to maintain our health. But drinking vegetable juices every day is far more helpful than fruit juices. One should take vegetable juices every day, even can be taken in place of tea of coffee as midday snack. No doubt Vegetable Juices are better than Fruit Juices.
Vegetable Juices are better than Fruit Juices – Drink Everyday
Most of the fruit juices contain citric acid and are sour in taste. This can lead to acidity in the stomach. Thus it increases the acidity level in the body. Vegetable juices are full of nutrition and cause no acidity. Whereas juice may lead to increase in the amount of acidity in the body, vegetable juices, being full of anti – oxidants, detoxify the body. One thing to be taken care while drinking vegetable juices is that vegetable juices should be consumed the moment you make it, instead of putting in fridge, as delaying may lead to loss of nutritious elements. It is also advisable to seek help from a physician before starting. There are scientific facts that Vegetable Juices are better than Fruit Juices.
Fruit juices aren’t considered to be more nutritious and healthy than the vegetable juices neither are packaged juices. Because they contain less amount of pulp, fibre whereas vegetable juices are full of pulp and fibres. It’s been medically proven that vegetable juices help the body fight against diseases. Bitter gourd juice can be given to the jaundice patient. This helps the body to eliminate the toxic waste and thus, cleans and detoxifies the body within. These facts justify that Vegetable Juices are better than Fruit Juices.
Eat Your Fruits and Juice Your Vegetables
We eat vegetable salad as a midday snack. Drinking vegetable juices as midday snack is also a new habit, which is healthy and keeps you fit and fine. We all want to stay healthy fit and fine. But our lifestyle has left no time to think about it. Thus we are required to think about every small thing which can lead us to unhealthy life. In our routine life, we may not find out time to do workout but we should be careful of what we consume as the thing which we eat makes us healthy and also sick. So it’s better to eat good food so that we can avoid diseases. Drink vegetable juices and stay healthy!


Alphabet Inc is the most significant concern in the world. This holding merged all of Google's subsidiaries after the reorganization. The corporation owns such technologies: Android, GoogleMap, Google Play, Youtube, and Chrome. Most of the company's revenue comes from advertising, paid subscriptions, fiber optic television, and electronic content sales. The rapid development and massive popularity of the services of the corporation made it one of the strongest in the IT market. At present, the company's capitalization is USD 792 billion.
Google Corporation, which is the core of Alphabet Inc. Holding was established in 1998. Its founder was Sergey Brin. He, together with his friend Larry Page, decided to create a search engine that would index all pages of sites, and give users the correct search results based on their requests.
The first search algorithms were imperfect. They returned results based on the number of repetitions of keywords per page. This created favorable conditions for various manipulations. As a result, the search for information for users turned into a long and inconvenient process. Over time, it became apparent that the algorithms needed to be changed. It was this task that two graduate students of Stanford Larry Page and Sergey Brin began to solve.
They developed a search engine based on the link system used by the scientific community. The more sites link to the portal, the higher its rating in the search engine. The inventors named their invention in honor of the largest number - googol. However, this word was intentionally misspelled. The developers sought to create a search service capable of simultaneously processing a large number of requests.
Initially, the Stanford platform was used to operate the new search engine. Only in 1997, the service was transferred to a well-known address. A year later, friends registered the company in their girlfriend's garage. Then, the first employee was hired, who turned out to be Sergey Brin's classmate. Over time, the founders of the company managed to attract the early investors, and the new search engine began to make a profit.
The initial public offering of the company occurred in 2004. It went down in history as the most significant issue of shares among firms working in the field of Internet technologies. The IPO was held on NASDAQ. The initial share price was USD 85. Then the corporation was able to collect about USD 1.5 billion.
On the first trading day, 20 million securities were sold. A significant portion of the shares remained with the founders of the corporation. It is worth noting that among the shareholders, there were many company employees. Three years later, the value of securities reached USD 300.
During the 2008 crisis, Alphabet quotes went down. Its value fell to USD 150. Quotes again went up after the release of the first Nexus One smartphone. Stocks beat the previous high. This was followed by another crisis that occurred as a result of the withdrawal of finances from the general stock market in America. However, already in 2016, Alphabet shares again reached a new high. Its cost exceeded USD 1,000.
The reorganization did not hit the value of the securities. Investors received one-to-one updated stocks. At the same time, its course continued to grow. Alphabet Inc. maintains a reputation as one of the most significant market players. The popularity of most services of the corporation does not fall. The profit that the company receives from advertising is continually growing. The corporation shares are blue chips. They are interesting for both traders and investors. By trading these stocks, you can earn high profits.


Daily activity may improve brain function in middle-aged and older adults, study suggests
A study done by the University of California San Diego School of Medicine found an association between increased physical activity and improved cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults.
The study was published in the journal JMIR mHealth and uHealth and led by Zvinka Zlater, PhD, a clinical psychologist at UC San Diego School of Medicine. Zlater and her colleagues studied a total of 90 adults aged 50 to 74 years old with varying comorbidities and baseline cognitions. For 14 days, participants’ physical activity was tracked through an accelerometer. In addition, during the study period, the brain function of subjects was measured through twice daily ecological momentary cognitive tests (EMCTs) on a smartphone. Linear mixed effect models and moderation analysis were used to draw associations between physical activity, baseline cognition, cardiovascular risk, and whether participants functioned dependently or independently.
The study’s results showed a link between better cognitive test scores on days of increased physical activity. Moderation analyses suggested an increase in cognitive function after physical activity for both dependently functioning and independently functioning participants.
This investigation was observational rather than interventional; therefore, the study was limited and no conclusions on whether physical activity directly impacts brain function could be made. However, the study did present EMCTs as a reliable remote measurement of brain function, paving the way for additional research on the subject. This topic is relevant to the integrative community in terms of patient care planning and implementing physical activity into treatments for cognitive function.


Karl Marx’s work offers a significant, powerful critique of modernity on several fronts. He is best known for his passionate attack on capitalism, but he also presents us with serious philosophic and cultural arguments. The reader should consider, however, whether any of his writing can be read except in the light of his expressed revolutionary purpose. Marx’s work is generally divided into two periods: the more philosophical, idealist, early Marx; and the more mature, scientific, and materialist Marx. Despite this general split, however, in all of his work, Marx wavers between a focus on the transformation of consciousness, and an insistence on the primacy of material conditions for the formation of consciousness. Central to any interpretation of Marx or Marxism is a treatment of this tension. This tension can be restated as a concern with the perennial problem of the relation of theory to practice. Marx claimed that philosophy is based on its revolutionary and practical character, or “praxis,” in light of the knowable direction of history. On the level of practical politics, Marx and his followers debated the nature and proper scope of the intellectual leadership of workers’ parties, the need for revolutionary transformation of state structures, and the question of the inevitability of the transformation from capitalism to socialism. All of these issues originate in the central Marxian concern for properly relating theory to practice, and can be seen expressed in various forms in Marx’s treatments of Hegel, his doctrine of historical materialism, and even in his economic teachings.
The Hegelian Background of Marx’s Thought
Marx was formed by Hegel’s writings, and accordingly most of his early work is an attempt to understand the implications and shortcomings of Hegel’s thought. Hegel himself supported a version of the Prussian state and respected Christianity as a partial representation of the whole truth. Marx, however, considered himself an acolyte of the German Left, or Young Hegelians, a group that included David Strauss, Bruno Bauer, Ludwig Feuerbach, and Max Stirner. These men were radical atheists who insisted that Christianity was an expression of human alienation and needed to be destroyed in order to make way for a new, humanistic religion. Most importantly, Feuerbach criticized Hegel’s speculative method as an obfuscation of the reality of human experience, and set for himself the task of demystifying it. Feuerbach explained that the attributes of God are actually human attributes; mankind, alienated from his true self, experiences that alienated self as an oppressive power he is forced to worship.
Marx was impressed by this argument but criticized it as incomplete because it focused only on consciousness. Exposing the human roots of religion has no effect if one wishes to change man’s relationship to the “divine”; what must be done is to destroy the material conditions that make religious alienation necessary. Marx indicates his turn to materialism in The Holy Family, “On the Jewish Question,” “Theses on Feuerbach,” and especially A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. It is important to note that Marx’s political understanding predates his materialism. He believed in the desirability, necessity, and even the inevitability of socialism before he worked out the logic of its genesis. “On the Jewish Question” contains a rare instance of Marx’s confrontation with the philosophy of natural right and the formal conception of freedom in the so-called bourgeois democracies. While natural rights theorists claim to have allowed for religious and personal freedoms in the realm of civil society, Marx claims that this conception divides the human being from himself, giving him neither a real public nor a real private existence. Men have formal rights and equality, but their rights have no power, and we are unequal in our conditions. Freedom of religion and privacy of conscience are belied by the economic conditions which are the real bases of consciousness.
Alienated Labor and Historical Materialism
Historical materialism is Marx’s central philosophic doctrine. It is clearest in The German Ideology and Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts. In recent decades there has been a surge of interest in this period of Marx’s thought. Even though many of his later economic and scientific arguments have been refuted theoretically, empirically, and politically, the philosophic humanism that underlies them still has great appeal for many intellectuals.
The doctrine of historical materialism holds that the impetus of human historical development is the economic antagonism between various social classes. It takes for granted Hegel’s claim that History is a meaningful process that works progressively toward its end in the midst of apparently chaotic human events, but argues that the Ideas that Hegel takes to be crucial moments in that History are merely the epiphenomena of the material conditions that created them. Marx wrote that “all human history is the history of class struggle.” At its most extreme this teaching says that every political and social institution is a reflection of existing economic relations; the state exists as the servant of the ruling class and introduces whatever laws, practices, or beliefs will perpetuate the prevailing economic order. In this understanding, politics, religion, philosophy, and even science are reflections of the economic order and serve the interests of those who benefit from it. The core of this teaching is Marx’s theory of alienated labor. Acting on material given by nature in order to make it into something useful is the fundamental and unique life-activity of human beings. Marx explains that all of human history can be understood by changes in the mode of production, or the organized relation of human beings to the products of their labor. Marx argues that by separating the worker from the product of his labor, the system of industrial capital not only alienates the worker from himself, but from all other human beings: the worker who has to sell his labor as a commodity and does not enjoy the product of his labor is not really human.
There are four main stages in human history: tribal, communal, feudal, and bourgeois, or capitalist. In each successive stage there is a substantive advancement and multiplication of human productive forces but also an increased degree of exploitation, until mankind reaches a threshold condition of abundance produced by technology that is sufficient to provide for all human needs. That condition will eventually force the mass of mankind, with no property but its own labor, to overthrow the few remaining capitalists and abolish private property. This “communism” is the end of class struggle and therefore the end of history or the final plane of human economic relations.
By the time of the Manuscripts Marx had turned to a materialism that argues that all forms of consciousness, and therefore all ideals, arise out of actual, constantly changing material conditions. Nevertheless, as his teaching on labor shows, he was at this time still presenting an account of a fundamental human nature from which it is possible to be alienated. In that account, he claims that there is a fullness, an original unity of the human being to which it is possible to return. But if ideals are ephemeral epiphenomena of material conditions, then what appears to be “human nature” necessarily changes in accord with changing economic conditions. Accordingly, in the “German Ideology” and his later, more scientific presentations of historical materialism, Marx no longer speaks of “alienation” and “dehumanization,” but of “oppression” and “exploitation”; that is, he abandons the notion of an ideal human nature separate from material conditions and appeals to justice in purely economic terms.
The Critique of Capital and the Collapse of Capitalism
Whether Marx’s economic teaching was only the latest tactic in his larger revolutionary strategy, chosen because it was more rhetorically effective and far-reaching than his philosophic critique of modern bourgeois life, or a sincere attempt to put economics on a more secure footing, the turn toward political economy marked for Marx a transition to a new enthusiasm for science and the modern technological project.
Marx’s most systematic and lengthy presentation of the laws of industrial capital is in Das Kapital, his magnum opus. Marx wrote the first volume and left notes for the others, to be completed by Engels. This text purports to explain precisely the process whereby a worker becomes estranged, or alienated, from the product of his labor; how he is exploited by the capitalist; and finally how, propertyless and unemployed, the mass of the workers, the proletariat, is forced to overthrow the whole economic system and the political order protecting it.
The foundation of Marx’s economic argument is the labor theory of value, which he adapted from David Ricardo, Adam Smith, and Thomas Hodgskin. The worker, having been dispossessed of his land, and with no other property of his own, has to sell his own labor as a commodity in order to earn his subsistence. The commodities his labor helps produce do not belong to him; instead, he receives enough wages to sustain him as a worker. The value of a commodity is based on how much labor-power is expended in its production, not on its use. The capitalist makes his profit by requiring the worker to work beyond the time necessary to earn his subsistence, extracting free labor. For the capitalist, the worker’s use-value—how many hours he works, and so how much he produces—exceeds his exchange-value—how much he has to be paid to maintain him as a commodity. The excess is called surplus-value, or exploitation.
Another aspect of industrial capital is the proliferation of machinery. Industrialists, competing with each other, are forced to invest an ever greater percentage of their surplus-value in manufacturing. The use of machines makes skilled labor less necessary, so women and children can be employed cheaply. Innovations in machinery make workers less necessary; unemployment increases, wages decrease below the level of subsistence, and a mass of unemployed workers forms, which Marx calls the Industrial Reserve Army. Most capitalists, unable to keep up with the level of investment in machinery, go out of business and join the ranks of the proletariat. There is a tendency toward centralization and monopolization of the means of production as the ranks of the capitalists is thinned and the rate of profit continually diminishes. With the collapse of profit, investment ceases and the capitalist system implodes. At this point we have either state, and not private, control, or the workers are forced to destroy the state and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat in order to effect the transformation to communism. Marx tends to champion the second possibility.
Revolution and the Relation between Theory and Practice
The laws of capital, as Marx sees them, point to the inevitable collapse of capitalism and the emergence of communism as a historical necessity. Yet, the move from capitalism to communism is a long and difficult struggle, and it requires the conscious and deliberate organization of the workers by professional revolutionaries and then by the Communist Party. Marx calls for political and social revolution and argues for the necessity of organizing the workers to overthrow the state in most of his early writings, but the most direct appeal to the workers is in the Communist Manifesto, written with Engels in 1848 for the Communist League. The book consists of a brief account of historical materialism, an outline of the Communists’ political program, and distinctions between the Communists as a revolutionary political party and all other socialist movements. Despite its potent rhetoric, the Manifesto contains little that is novel but the political program. Here Marx confronts seriously for the first time the practical political questions that would arise upon the occasion of a proletarian revolution. What he describes amounts to an intermediate stage between the fall of capitalism and the emergence of truly communist society. Property is abolished, but until class distinctions disappear there will be a state monopoly on capital and centralization of the organization of production and communication. The proletarian class must be the ruling class as long as classes are necessary, but once it achieves the complete destruction of the old order, the state will “wither away.”
The term “dictatorship of the proletariat,” which refers to the temporary administration of the state power by the workers, was first used by Joseph Weydemeyer, but was quickly adopted by Marx. In On the Civil War in France, he remarks on the political program of the Paris Commune, the government set up by the revolutionary socialists who ruled Paris for two months in 1871, in order to describe the dictatorship more programmatically. From the Paris Commune, Marx claims to learn that the proletariat must not only seize the state power and use it until the conditions of the class struggle have been destroyed, but must destroy the bourgeois state apparatus altogether in order to establish its own government organs.
In “Critique of the Gotha Program” Marx further distinguishes between the first phase of communism, where, because the new society still carries some of the defects of the old, each will receive not what he needs but only what he contributes, and a higher phase, where all will receive what they need. In these works, by responding to historical events with new theoretical formulations of the transformation from capitalism to communism, Marx inaugurates a Communist tradition of inventing stages between the two. At the root of this necessity to continually revise revolutionary theory according to the requirements of revolutionary practice, is Marx’s expressed purpose: the theoretical understanding of what is just and good for human beings has been attained; what is now required of philosophy is to realize it in practice by any means. These means must not only right economic injustices but must also transform consciousness.
At its heart, Marx’s philosophy, following Rousseau, is governed by a view of human freedom. Freedom is a consonance between desire and ability, and a unity of our private and social selves and our material and spiritual existences. But whereas Rousseau ultimately argues both that all politics is a form of enslavement and alienation, and that there is no full returning to our original condition, Marx hopes to transcend politics and attain on a communal and developed level, the freedom and equality that Rousseau’s original solitary men enjoyed in the state of nature. One may say that the actual injustice and lack of freedom in Communist countries is caused not only by the tyrannical rule of many who rule in Marxism’s name, but also by this attempt to effect the impossible.
For further introductory reading, see also:
Joseph Cropsey, “Karl Marx” in History of Political Philosophy, Eds. Leo Strauss and Joseph Cropsey, Chicago: 1987.
The Cambridge Companion to Marx, ed. Terrell Carver, Cambridge: 1992.


By RP Siegel — The future is now, or at least it was on Sunday, June 11th in the UK. That’s because on that day, a combination of bright sunshine and blustery winds, along with nuclear generation, managed to provide a full 70% of the electricity
being consumed that day. Even more significant, the energy mix produced the required kW-hours of energy while emitting less than 100 grams of CO2 for each one. That’s good enough to meet the ambitious target for the year 2030, whcih pretty well proves it can be done.
Of course, this signifies a big change, and big changes often have winners and losers. In Germany
, for example, which took a bold leap into clean energy, there were serious financial impacts to traditional utility providers. Does a similar fate await utilities in the UK? After all, the UK has taken off the gloves, when it comes to renewables
, with substantial investments in offshore wind
as well as solar, and appears to be closing in on Germany in terms of generation capacity.
There is no doubt that the presence of solar and wind on the grid reduces prices and lowers demand. With variable pricing in place, we have seen moments when electricity prices have gone negative, meaning that power plants have actually had to pay people to use their electricity. This might be great for end users, but it can’t be good for the power plant operators. This has indeed been the German experience.
However, John Fedderson, CEO of Aurora Energy Research
says that there are two reasons why this won’t happen in the UK.
The first is the existence of a “capacity market.”
This was set up as part of the British government’s Electricity Market Reform package, designed to ensure a reliable supply of electricity as the market undergoes a transition. This is accomplished by making payments to providers to simply maintain reliable sources of capacity, above and beyond the payments made for the electricity itself. According to Fedderson this standby power subsidiary will provide some $478 million to power station owners for the coming winter.
The other is due to payments to fossil fuel plants for other services they provide to maintain system integrity, such as the ability to “blackstart,”
which is the ability to restart the grid in the event of a shutdown.
This is an approach that other economies might consider. In the US, there are multiple disconnects between the various stakeholders. The Rocky Mountain Institute’s eLab has been convening a great many of them to find a way through this transition in a way that no one gets too badly hurt while we still end up with a much cleaner energy system. Founder Lena Hansen
told me that the real challenge was “rooted in the lack of clear understanding of the value drivers and the cost drivers around the table... It sounds like a trivial thing, but if we can’t work out the pricing, then we can’t move forward."
The UK has a solution. It might not be perfect, but for now it seems to be working. Identifying where the value is being provided and paying for it seems to be the key. As renewables continue to increase their penetration, utilities, their investors, and their customers will continue to confront the same questions. Let's hope we can learn from another in finding answers.


Seven Qualities of a Great Summer Camp
Summer camp is a time to try new things, forge relationships, and build new skills. Camp offers a lot of benefits to children. Children enrolled in camps tend to improve socially and academically. They are resilient and learn to be independent. With the multitude of camps in the United States, you will need to learn to recognize the qualities great camps possess.
Summer Camp Statistics
The American Camp Association reports that there are 8,400 overnight camps and 5,600 day camps in our country. These camps are attended by 14 million adults and children each year. More than 1.5 million people are employed as camp staff in various positions.
With the prevalence of camp as a favorite summer activity, how can you find a good one for your child? Listed below are seven qualities of a great camp.
Builds Social Skills
Summer camp is a great place to make new friends
A great camp will offer your child the chance to build social skills. Camp is a time where kids can meet new friends outside their regular social circles. A survey performed by the American Camp Association reported that camp attendees perceived improved social skills after going to camp. As a parent, you will want to find a camp that emphasizes relationship building and that does not tolerate bullying.
Encourages Kids to Take on New Challenges
Camp is an opportunity to try new things. Whether it is a ropes course, horseback riding, or swimming, you will want to find a camp that will challenge your child physically and mentally. This will expand their horizons and help them to tackle whatever challenges await them outside of camp.
According to Psychology Today, one of the benefits of summer camp is that it builds resiliency in children. A great camp will help children develop coping skills they will use throughout their lives. How do these camps do this? They give children the opportunity to take risks, make friends, and build their identities. Without worrying about their social standing at school, they can become who they want to be. This builds confidence for them as they re-enter school in the fall.
Leads to Academic Success
Whether you are considering an academic camp or traditional camp, it is imperative not to overlook the importance of summer camp for academic success. In an article on learning as it relates to camp, Lance Ozier discusses the effects camp has on academics. Camp teaches kids several skills that will help them in school and that will eventually help them in their careers. These skills are critical thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, adaptability, initiative, and imagination. With these skills under his or her belt, your child will be set up for success.
Whether it is a day or overnight camp, summer programs offer time away from family. Family time is important. The bonds of family are for life, and it is important that they are nurtured. However, children need the opportunity to develop independence. A great camp will teach children how to be independent and take initiative to accomplish tasks in their own lives.
There are great counselors for the children
Has Great Counselors
A great camp needs great counselors. What makes a great counselor? According to Camp America, excellent counselors take initiative, are positive role models, possess selflessness, and are creative and resilient. When searching for a camp for your child, make sure its counselors exhibit these attributes.
Has a Great Camp Philosophy
In an article on Psych Central, Marie Hartwell-Walker suggests that while camps tend to emphasize their activities, the heart of the camp lies in its “Statement of Camp Philosophy.” What are all the activities and interactions trying to teach your child? When looking for a camp, check its philosophy first. If it embodies what you want your child to take away from the camp experience, then you are on the right track.
Benefits of Summer Camp for Preschoolers
While preschoolers may seem young, there are a lot of great benefits of summer camp for preschoolers. Camp offers preschoolers the structure they will need to attend school in the fall, gives them opportunities for social development, and lets them gain some independence from their parents. Your preschooler will have the chance to try new activities and build new skills that will benefit him or her in the future.
Camp has a lot of great benefits for children, from social development and resiliency to academic success. If you are in Arizona and looking for a camp for your child that exemplifies the qualities listed above, this Phoenix preschool offers a camp for school age children. Contact us today to get your child started on his or her summer camp adventure.


Engineering makes everyday life better, but in the field of biomedical engineering, some of these breakthroughs can help people overcome life-altering injuries or illnesses.
This week, we're highlighting some of the most significant recent developments in the biomedical world, from spinal-interfaces which have restored walking in monkeys, an electronic pancreas that is a game-changer for diabetics, and a headset which can restore vision for the blind.
A recent study published in Nature describes how the ability to walk was restored in monkeys that were previously paralyzed. The study comes from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)
The study explains that spinal cord injuries prevent the brain from communicating with the necessary control muscles that coordinate walking. While, at the time of the study's publication, there had been successful results with restoring hand movement in individuals with injuries, restoring leg movement is a much more complicated task.
The research team behind the study developed a silicon neural implant that was placed in the area of the brain responsible for leg movement. The implant then communicated using a wireless control system that decoded muscle movement and translated it into electrical pulses. Through this system, the monkeys were able to move uninhibited by wires.
Image © 2015 EPFL/Alain Herzog
The study proved to be successful: the monkeys regained the ability to walk within six days after becoming paralyzed.
The team working on these implants expects that it will be possible to begin human trials in the near future.
Creating an Artificial Pancreas
For individuals with type 1 diabetes, learning how to manage insulin levels is part of everyday life. Many must learn what insulin management works for them through trial-and-error methods with the aid of a monitor and insulin pump.
Up until recently, there was no automated way for an insulin pump to automatically track blood levels and adjust as necessary. The consequence of not managing insulin can range from nerve damage to death. So the need for accurate and responsive monitoring of insulin is critical.
Beta Bionics is hoping to change that with the development of its iLet artificial pancreas. The iLet will feature a user-friendly touch screen and will automatically monitor and deliver the hormones insulin and glucagon to keep blood levels stable.
Image courtesy of Beta Bionics
The device is expected to begin the process of gaining FDA approval in 2017.
Pixium Vision’s Iris II device helps restore partial vision to patients who are otherwise unable to see. The Iris II, which received CE market approval last summer, works through an implant which connects 150 epi-retinal electrodes to the inner retina. The electrodes transmit electrical impulses to the retinas, passing through images of what is being “seen” on the head set’s outer camera.
Image courtesy of Pixium Vision
What makes the Iris II particularly unique is that each pixel of the images transmitted by the camera is updated independently, not relying on refresh rates so as to provide a more realistic, real-time vision experience.
The Iris II is not a permanent device, making it easy to replace or upgrade when better technology becomes available.
Pixium is also currently working on a sub-retinal photovoltaic implant that can be used in patients experiencing age-related macular degeneration.


2001-Sun Feb 25 06:35:16 EST 2018
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People often assume that cats are untrainable, but this just isn't true; felines are highly intelligent and can easily be taught a variety of behaviors. Begin training your kitten as soon as you bring him home, in order to give him the best chance of fitting in with your family. Here are five foundational training steps to take with your kitten.
1. Teach Your Cat to Sit
The more an animal is rewarded for a behavior, the more likely the behavior is to occur in the future. To make problem behavior less likely, teach a base behavior, like sit, that is heavily rewarded from the very beginning. To teach sit, mark the moment your kitten sits and reward immediately. A clicker can be used, or you can use your voice with a “good” or “yes” as the kitten’s bottom hits the floor. Immediately after marking the sit, bring in the food reward, such as tuna or canned cat food on a spoon. If your kitten reaches up with his paw or stands on his hind feet, move the treat out of reach until all his feet are on the floor. This will prevent you from rewarding unwanted behavior (pawing and standing on his hind feet) instead of the desired behavior (sitting). Finally, be sure your cat is hungry — and thus interested in the reward — by training during meal times.
2. Crate Train Your Kitten
Teach your kitten to enjoy his crate from an early age. Feeding meals inside of the crate is a great way to get him used to being in the enclosed area. Keep the door open in the beginning; as your cat gets used to the crate, shut the door for short intervals. The more your kitten learns to enjoy his crate, the easier it will be to secure your cat for travel in the future.
3. Handle Your Cat in a Variety of Ways
Many cats will only tolerate handling in a certain way and are not comfortable being held in awkward positions. However, whether it occurs in the veterinarian’s office or when your niece comes to visit, the chances are good that your cat will be held in uncomfortable positions at some point. Prepare your kitten for this by teaching him to accept various types of petting and holding. Practice only at a level where your cat feels comfortable and relaxed. Try holding your cat on his side, under his arms with his bottom dangling, on his back and on his side. Also, practice restraining your kitten for brief periods. Touch various body parts, such as his feet and ears, give him slight tugs on his tail, and run your finger over his teeth and gums. Treat your cat for each hold and movement. More relaxed kittens can be treated immediately after a hold, while more timid kittens may need to be treated during each handling movement. Getting your kitten used to being handled when he is young will make it easier for you to trim nails, brush teeth and clean ears as he grows older.
4. Socialize Your Kitten
The prime socialization period for kittens is between two and seven weeks of age. Many cats are frightened as adults and hide when visitors come over because they were only exposed to a limited number of people outside of their family during their socialization period. Counter this by taking various fun-filled outings with your kitten and inviting a variety of people over to your home. Pair each new experience with treats, toys, petting and praise, and avoid pushing your kitten to the point where he reacts out of fear. Using a kitten harness and leash makes it easy to take your kitten with you when you take trips to a friend’s house or to the farmer’s market, and the best way to be sure your cat is comfortable around a variety of animals, such as dogs, is to introduce him to relaxed and cat-friendly dogs while still a kitten. But before you expose your feline to other cats, visit your veterinarian to make sure he is protected with the proper vaccinations.
5. Train Your Cat to Play With Toys, Not With Your Hands
Playing with your cat is an excellent way to promote bonding and rid your kitten of excess energy. However, when a cat owner roughhouses with her kitten, the kitten learns that it’s OK to play with their teeth and claws on the owner’s skin, which easily escalates into harder bites and scratches. Instead, use toys to interact with your cat. A feather on a string, a ball or a catnip toy will be as enjoyable to your cat as your hands.
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Helping Your Child Breathe Easier
According to the American Association for Respiratory Care, the majority of children who are hospitalized are admitted with a respiratory tract illness. Such problems range from colds and flu to asthma, allergies, pneumonia, bronchitis and bronchiolitis, and cystic fibrosis. In terms of childhood disease, the respiratory system is the most critical.
Here are some tips from the AARC to help your child breathe easier:
- Drinking plenty of fluids will reduce respiratory discomfort for a child with the flu or a cold. Increased body temperature and rapid breathing often accompany such illness, and that leads to fluid loss, or dehydration. Dehydration tends to make respiratory secretions (mucus) thicker, drier, and, therefore, much more difficult to expel. Fluids will keep the secretions thinner and easier to cough up.
- Colds and flu cause the nasal membranes to swell, narrowing air passages and making breathing more difficult. This condition is part of the reason we tire so readily when we are sick - we have to breathe harder through smaller airways, and that takes greater energy. To keep energy levels up during bouts with colds and flu, make sure your child continues to get proper nourishment.
- Allergies are quite common in children. Some people are born more sensitive to certain substances than others; they react strongly to very small amounts of these substances. Exposure to such "allergens," "antigens," or irritants" can cause the muscles of the respiratory system to contract, narrowing the airways. Breathing through these narrowed airways can produce a wheezing sound. Other forms the allergy may take are sneezing, a runny nose, and watery, itchy eyes. Respiratory care practitioners work under a physician's direction to provide medication and therapy that open narrowed airways and remove abnormal mucus. Air conditioners with special filters can cut down on the presence of some allergens. Some common irritants can be eliminated from the child's home environment altogether. These include dust, shag carpeting, fur, feathers, pets, and stuffed animals. Since stuffed toys can be filled with everything from crushed nuts to feathers or moldy fiber, it is best to check the contents label or to buy only hypoallergenic stuffed animals for the highly allergic child.
- Tobacco smoke from other family members can have a serious effect on the respiratory health of youngsters. One study shows that children up to two years old whose parents smoke suffer twice the rate of bronchitis and pneumonia as children of nonsmokers.
- Flu shots may help certain children avoid problems.
- If any minor illness becomes prolonged or occurs often, talk to your doctor. Only a trained medical expert can recognize the importance of seemingly small irritations that may lead to bigger health problems.
When children suffer from colds, flu, or allergies, parents often suffer right along with them. These tips from the AARC can make both your children and you more comfortable.
Reviewed: May 26, 2005


An infant is born with very weak neck muscle and little head control. He relies on parents to support this delicate area until he develops the strength over the course of the year to do this himself. While normal interaction will likely not cause damage, there are injuries that can occur when a child’s head isn’t supported. Some of these can result in death, while others can last a lifetime.
Brain damage can occur when a baby suffers from acute head trauma, more commonly called “shaken baby syndrome.” According to FamilyCorner.com, long-term brain damage can occur after just 20 seconds of forcible shaking without any support to the head, because the movement causes the infant’s brain to move back and forth within the skull. Blood vessels, nerves and torn tissues are often the result, as are developmental brain delays like impaired speech, learning disabilities, memory problems and even severe mental retardation.
In May 2010, the Consumer Product Safety Commission warned parents against the use of sling-style carriers to carry their babies. Research identified at least 14 deaths over the course of 20 years associated with these slings, some of which were the result by improper head support causing the infant head to fold forward. This position cut off the airway of these children, causing suffocation. According to CBS News, children born premature, in fragile health or at low birth weights might be at additional risk. Generally speaking, parents should consider waiting until a child has stronger head control before placing them in a sling.
Neurological problems are often apparent in children with shaken baby syndrome, and can include seizure disorders, impaired motor and sensory skills. While this sort of neurological damage is more common in young infants, according to KidsHealth.org, it can even occur in children as old as 3 or 4. These children often present with language, balance and vision problems and require intense physical and occupational therapy.


Is it possible to learn a new language while sleeping? This topic makes many people curious for
We are curious too, because learning a language while you're in dreamland sounds like... a dream! So, wouldn't it be great if we could just listen to our target language during sleep and wake up fluent?
According to the University of Zurich and Fribourg, it’s possible for our brain to establish links between words in two languages while we’re asleep.
In fact, they have recently published a study which confirms this theory.
Scientists have carried out this research on 60 German mother tongue volunteers who were studying Danish.
To find out, they gathered two groups of study participants. One group listened to a recording of Danish words during sleep, while the other half listened to the same recording when awake. What left everyone stunned was that people who had listened to the recording while sleeping remembered more of the vocabulary words.
However, it's pretty safe to say that it's not quite that easy. It’s difficult to say if these results are indicative of actual sleep learning. The main point about language learning and sleep is that you can't learn new information when you're not awake.
Anyway, sleep is important for memory consolidation and is therefore useful for language learning. This is also the reason why sleep deprivation is one of the worst enemies of learning.
In other words, the answer is "no". You can't learn a language in your sleep. Learning anything requires you to be awake. Sleeping, however, helps you remember things that you've already learned.
Put simply, learning language is like learning any other skill. It requires effort!


Zachary Huang, Associate Professor, Michigan State University
So it is August, if your bees were strong in May and June, chances are that they have made some honey during these two months. August is a good time to check for your mite levels, especially if you have never checked them before. It is a better idea to check it once a month to know a trend, but checking it once now is better than nothing since you cannot really go back in time
There are some plants still blooming but bees would be happy if they are breaking even (i.e. bringing enough nectar that counter balances their daily consumption: which is about 7 lbs of honey per day (0.011 g/0.84 x 30,000 x 8,000/3=3 kg).
[explanation for the formula: the average consumption from my study (and others confirmed) per worker per day is 11 mg of sugar, while honey has about 16-18% of water. Assuming that a colony has 30,000 workers (medium toward strong strength, bees in 2 brood boxes), and 2 frames of brood (which can be an underestimate). I am assuming that each larva on average takes 1/3 of the energy of an adult bee. Wintering bees will consume less sugar than this, perhaps as little as 1/8 of the 11 mg per day when their brood temperature is not regulated at 95F. That translates to 1 lb of honey per day during the Michigan winter, for a very large colony].
What I am saying is that now is a good time to take your honey off, treat for mites, and let your bees to recover a bit before they take in the goldenrod honey (in about 2-3 weeks), which can be used for wintering. [you would have to have started treating in July if you want to harvest the goldenrod honey, since some medications require you to have withdrawn the chemical 40 days prior to putting on a honey super].
A good IPM (integrated pest management) practice is to “know your enemies”. This means knowing how many mites are there in the colony before you even attempt to treat. If there are not enough mites, you do not need to treat.
There are two common methods to check for how many mites are in a colony. One is a sticky trap. For this one you leave a piece of board, which has a screen material over it so bees do not interfere. Below there is a white piece of paper or cardboard, with sticky materials (sprayed Pam, Vaseline, or contact paper). Leave this trap in the colonies for 2 days and then take it out to count the mites. In Georgia and Delaware, the threshold to treat was set at 60-90 mites per day. In Michigan we should use 30 simply because of our much longer and colder winter.
Another method is using sugar dust or ether roll. They will yield the same results if done correctly. Sugar dusting has the advantage of not killing bees and also know your results right away in the field.
Sugar dusting method involves:
1. open the hive and finding a frame of open brood. Check to make sure the queen is not on this frame.
2. shake the bees into a pan
3. scoop up ½ a cup of bees (~300).
4. transfer into a mason jar, which has the solid lid replaced with hardware cloth (mesh size=8)
5. add enough sugar to coat all the bees (3-4 large spoons). Roll the jar to coat bees with sugar.
6. shake the jar inverted over a piece of white paper and count the mites on the paper. Mites will be upside up with their legs wiggling.
Yes, each black dot here is a varroa mite!
7. put the sugar-coated bees back to their hive.
The threshold for treating for mites is set in Delaware about 10-12 mites in 300 bees. Again in Michigan we should reduce this to 6.
Treating for mites:
[Zach’s pledge: if you have a colony that yields more than 40 mites per jar, please email me at firstname.lastname@example.org – we need a lot of mites for our studies! Yes it is possible. The highest I have seen is 152 mites per 300 bees. In general, you will need an overwintered colony to see this high a mite level].
Over the summer, you could have managed for mite population through sugar dusting, open screen bottom board, and drone brood trapping. But right now you probably have only one chemical option left (unless you want to shake your bees out inside a box, dust them all in sugar and shake the box for 10 min. And that would rid the mites off your adult bees, not those in brood).
1. The old Apistan is no longer good: chances are most mites are already resistant to it (one can do a simple test by cutting a small piece of Apistan and exposing 300 bees to it for 24 hrs and see the proportion of mites alive. This is called the Pettis field test.
2. Coumaphos: an organophosphate containing a neurotoxin. Toxic to other animals (and humans!) if at high dose. Some mites are resistant.
Photo showing a coumaphos strip being used for treating Varroa mites.
3. ApiGuard/Api Life Var: products containing Thymol, best used at 70-80 temperature. Read the label.
Miteaway II and oxalic acid are longer available for mite control. So basically for most beekeepers the option would be number 3 above.
In Michigan, I believe you would be too late if you are treating your bees in late Sept and Oct, because colonies will need undamaged bees in Oct/Nov to overwinter. It takes about 40 days for a treatment to rid of most of the mites. So the latest you can start treating is about Sept 1st.
Zachary Huang, Michigan State University


We believe that the best way to understand ethical challenges in relation to technology is by combining the expertise of multiple disciplines.
Technological changes are influencing and being influenced by diverse areas and perspectives, and in this section, you will find a selection of resources from disciplines, such as economics, engineering, philosophy, law, design, and others related to technology and its applications to society.
Get started with FREE resources
by Lex Fridman
Conversations about the nature of intelligence, consciousness, love, and power.
Lex Fridman is an AI researcher working on autonomous vehicles, human-robot interaction, and machine learning at MIT and beyond. This podcast is
by Delft University of Technology
This course covers briefly how Value Sensitive Design arose as a concept. When computers first came into use in the 50s and 60s, their technical features were of most interest. However, as they became more embedded in some of the largest organizations, many realised that the social and behavioural changes that computing was also significant..
by Improve the News Foundation
Improve the News is a free AI-powered news aggregator with sliders that puts you in charge, making it easy to find underreported topics and perspectives
This is a news aggregator site developed by a group of researchers at MIT and elsewhere to give you control of your news consumption.
By University of Twente
In every aspect of our lives we make use of all kinds of technologies. Technologies can anticipate needs or solve problems, and they can extend or enhance human capacities and activities. Technologies have made life easier, but also complicated our world.
In this course you will get acquainted with some key approaches in philosophy of technology and design.
Data Protection Law in the Age of Big Data and AI
by Sandra Watcher and Brent Mittelstadt
Big Data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) draw non-intuitive and unverifiable inferences and predictions about the behaviors, preferences, and private lives of individuals. These inferences draw on highly diverse and feature-rich data of unpredictable value, and create new opportunities for discriminatory, biased, and invasive decision-making.
by Towards Data Science
Human beings are collaborating with artificial intelligences on an increasing number of high-stakes tasks. Every day, social media apps recommend content to us that quite literally shapes our worldviews and our cultures.
However very few of us even have a basic idea of how these all-important recommendations are generated


Attic, Family, Gentiles, Hid, Inspiring, Jewish Foundation for the Righteous, Jews, Legacy, melissakotlerschwartz, Non-Jews, Passover, Risking, Secret, Sedar, Stranger, strangersihaveknown, World, Worrying
Whoever saves a single life is as if one saves the entire world.
This week, my blog is in honor of the many people who risked their lives, and often the lives of their families, to protect Jews during the Holocaust.
As twenty of us were gathered at our Passover Seder meal last week, my Mom read a supplement to the Haggadah from the Jewish Foundation for the Righteous, whose mission is to support the some 700 non-Jews who risked their lives to rescue Jews during the Holocaust. The foundation also shares their legacy through a national education program.
There was silence at the table as we reflected on the fact that, if it weren’t for those brave gentiles, some of us at the table would not be here today. Later that night, I went to the foundation’s website (http://www.jfr.org) and stared in awe at the faces and stories of seemingly ordinary people who were, in fact, not ordinary at all.
How to pick one story to tell from so many inspiring ones is not an easy task, but something caught my eye when I read about the Konochowitz family, from Poland. It was the word “stranger.” The Konochowitz family did not know the two Jewish families they hid in their attic at all, yet they took care of all eight of them even though they had eight children of their own.
The Jewish Foundation for the Righteous website shares these details: “The Silvermanns and Smuszkowiczes found shelter with the Konochowicz family, who were complete strangers. The family consisted of eight children, including 17-year-old Jadviga, the third oldest. The two Jewish families asked to stay for one night. They ended up staying for more than a year. Although the Konochowiczes were poor and barely able to care for their own family of ten, they provided food and shelter for the eight Jews.”
I tried to picture what this was like for the Konochowicz children. There were probably times that they had little to eat, or lay in their beds at night worrying about a knock on their door.
I’m so glad there is a photo of Jadviga on the website. She’s a pretty young woman with her long, blonde, wavy hair pulled back. She is wearing delicate drop earrings with a crisp white blouse and black jacket. What was it like for her as a teenager, to live with the secret that there were two Jewish families hiding in her attic?
Perhaps she had a boyfriend who was never allowed in the house. Maybe her friends weren’t allowed in either. Or, if they were, she was probably afraid that one of them would hear a suspicious noise. She must have lived with the fear that her family would be caught and killed. She may have wondered if it was worth risking their lives to save the lives of others.
While growing up, the Konochowicz children learned a powerful message – their mother and father could not live with themselves if they let strangers die for no other reason than the fact that they were of a different faith.
Passover comes once a year, but stories of courage like the Konochowicz’s need to be told again and again, both at the Seder table and outside the Seder table, to Jews and non-Jews alike, to remind people when they are feeling less then courageous that they are capable of so much more.


In O’Conner’s “Good Country People” how are the characters’ names significant? Is there any symbolism in them? Also, the
term “good country people” is thrown around a lot in the story – what does it mean? Do different characters have different definitions.
“GOOD COUNTRY PEOPLE”
O’ Connors story “Good country people” portrays a strong young woman Hulga who is educated, but eventually is destroyed by the evil personification from her beliefs about the world. She holds a doctorate in philosophy but is forced to stay at home with her mother because of her heart condition. Her mother, Mrs. Hopewell named her Joy when she was young, but after an accident that made her disabled, she changed her name to Hulga, which means ugly. She argued that she didn’t deserve to be called Joy after the tragedy ripped off her hope and joy. She prefers to be called Hulga because she is disabled and looking ugly. Mrs. Freeman is a poor tenant farmer assisting Mrs. Hopewell in the house.
The significance of the characters’ names.
The character names in the story are significant; O’Connor uses unique names that describe their lives and nature. Hulga has a negative characterization and believes that life is not important. Her name suggests ugliness and hate. She is very rude to Mrs. Freeman and has no respect to her mother. Mrs. Hopewell, Hulgas’ mother is described as a woman who is not able to do anything but hope that all well be well. She entrusts every chores in her house to Mrs. Freeman. On the other hand, the name Freeman portrays there family status as being free and poor people..
O’Connor used ideas, actions and objects that explain and represent scenes that have been used in the story. Examples of symbols used in the story include; Hulgas’ leg represents her soul, she takes care of it because it is the most important thing in her life. Good country people have been referred to as the salts of the world; this explains the importance of morality and simplicity which are valuable in life. Another example of symbolism used in the story is where the gate has been used as a boundary between Hulga’s world and the real world.
Good country people
Mrs. Hopewell described Manley as a good country person, she also perceives Mrs. Freeman as a good country person. The humble, honest, and simple people from the country are called good people. Manley seemed to lead a moral and Christian life when she approached the Hopeful’s family, by selling bibles and describing himself as poor and from the country. Mrs. Freeman is humble and a tenant farmer who came from the country to be a farm worker. The perception that country people are good is misleading, as portrayed by Manley who claimed to be a bible seller but eventually destroyed Hulgas’ life.
The characters in the story have traits that are reflected in their actions. Their characterization is defined by there nature. O’Connor describes Hulga as a pessimist; she believes her life has no purpose in the world because she is disabled. Manley is the main traitor and hypocrite in the story, he disguise himself as a Christian but destroys Hulga’s life. Mrs. Hopewell is described as a lazy woman, who cannot do anything in the house, while Mrs. Freeman is a hardworking woman; it is evident by how she performs her duties in the house.
Flannery, O’Connor. “Good Country People “. 1964 http://www.geocities.com/cyber_explorer99/oconnorgoodcountry.html. web.sep 22. 2012


Image Number 2 for United States Patent #4046630.
To supply process heat to a number of discrete reaction zones typically of a methane reformer plant, the hot gas from a nuclear reactor is employed. The reaction zones are defined within the bores of process tubes and heat is applied by way of gas conduits co-axial with the tubes. The reactants and heating gas are passed in counter current from header pipes which are coupled to the process tubes by flexible pipes. The latter are crushable to isolate any particular process tube, eg for replacement of catalysts etc.


|Elevation||770 ft (235 m)|
|Area||0.41 sq mi (1 km2)|
|- land||0.41 sq mi (1 km2)|
|- water||0.00 sq mi (0 km2)|
|Density||1,871.8 / sq mi (723 / km2)|
|- summer (DST)||CDT (UTC-5)|
|Wikimedia Commons: Carlock, Illinois|
Oak Grove and Carlock
Carlock was laid out on January 5, 1888 by John Franklin Carlock. Mr. Carlock owned 160 acres of land. One 80 acre tract was used to plat the original town of Carlock. It was located south of the hard road, Route 9, connecting Bloomington and Peoria. It was one of the last towns platted in McLean County. Just northeast of the present location of Carlock the main road from Bloomington to Peoria, which was locally known as the Old Trail passed or the Old Peoria Trail, ascended a low range of wooded hills. This location had long been of interest to townsite developers. The first attempt was made by a local farmer John McGee, who in 1838 laid out the town of Livingston; it consisted of seven blocks and a town square. Livingston was a total failure. McGee was unable to sell a single lot. The second attempt at town founding was more successful. By the 1850s a small cluster of houses and stores had begun to cluster just west of McGee's townsite. In 1866 a post office was established with the name Oak Grove. On July 17, 1879, an official town plat was filed. Soon there were about twenty dwellings, a large town hall, two general stores, a blacksmith shop, a steam-driven mill a harness and shoe shop, and a brass band. One reporter wrote that all the town needed "is a railroad"
The town moves down hill
By March 1887 it was clear that a railroad would pass nearby and local people were denying rumors that their town would be picked up bodily and carried to the railroad. The people at Oak Grove sent a delegation to Bloomington to explain to the superintendent of the Lake Erie and Western Railroad the reasons for putting a station at Oak Grove; his reply was not encouraging. Then local farmer John Franklin Carlock, who also had a contract to supply the railroad with oak ties, laid out a new town about a mile and a half away. In November 1879 it was announced that the town movers had arrived in Oak Grove. Buildings were placed on skids and hauled down the hill to the site of Carlock. By February 1888 residents were moving into their newly re-located homes. In June 1888 the Oak Grove correspondent of The Pantagraph reported that "nothing is left of our town but pieces". Further west along the same new railroad, other towns were in motion: buildings from Farnisville moved to Congerville and Chaffers Corners went to the new town of Deer Creek.
Original design and development of Carlock
The plan of the Original Town of Carlock was small and simple. It was a rectangle bisected diagonally into two equal parts by the railroad, with one whole block and two partial blocks on each side of the tracks. There were a total of 85 Lots. Most of the businesses were along Perry Street north of the tracks. In 1895 there were about sixty buildings in Carlock; most of these were newly built, and only about twelve had been moved from Oak Grove. Because of the late date at which the town was developed, it did not enjoy the rapid growth of some of the that were established earlier. Carlock remained a rural service center, grain shipping point, and residential community.
In 2004, the USDA purchased a chunk of land to the north-east of Carlock, off of Church Street. This land, which has been incorporated by the village, is being developed as a three-phase subdivision named Stoneman Gardens with approximately 65 lots of 0.5 acres (2,000 m2) and a small park. The houses are built by the future, low-income owners of the homes with the assistance of an organization called YouthBuild McLean County and is financed by the USDA. This effort allows families which otherwise could not afford to move into a new home to do so. Ground was broken in 2005, and as of July 2010 development has begun on the third and eastern-most phase which will include the park and the final grouping of houses. While the subdivision currently has only one access point - Church Street - at least one additional access is planned in order to link directly to US-150 to the south.
Another subdivision named Rock Creek, on the eastern edge of Carlock and bordering US-150 to the north, is underway and contained two homes as of mid-2010. There are only three home as of mid-2013, showing a slow developmental start but leaving many available lots for potential new homes in the next few years. To learn more about this subdivision visit BuildinCarlock.com.
These subdivisions are eventually expected to increase the population of Carlock by at least 50 percent.
Carlock is located at (40.581951, -89.132613).
According to the 2010 census, the village has a total area of 0.41 square miles (1.1 km2), all land.
Carlock and the surrounding areas receive police protection from the McLean County Sheriff's Police and the nearby Danvers Police Department for daily patrols, and Fire/EMS coverage from the Carlock Fire Protection District.
|Decennial US Census|
The racial makeup of the village was 90.2% White, 7.6% African American, 0.5% Asian, 1.3% from other races, and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.
The census of 2000 published 180 households out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.9% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the village the population was spread out with 27.9% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 35.3% from 25 to 44, 17.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.4 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $50,000, and the median income for a family was $50,417. Males had a median income of $35,469 versus $30,078 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,227. About 5.9% of families and 5.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 1.6% of those age 65 or over.
- H. C. Baldridge, 14th Governor of Idaho from 1927 until 1931; born in Carlock.
- Bonnie Lou, recording artist, radio and TV star. Member of Rockabilly Hall of Fame.
- Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois and History of McLean County (Edited by Ezra M. Prince and John H. Burnham; 2 vols; Chicago: Munsell 1908) 2:902.
- History of the Carlock Family - Marion Pomeroy Carlock - Published 1929
- The only towns laid out after Carlock were Junction City in February 1903, which was in reality an addition to Bloomington, Illinois; [[Meadows, Illinois|]] in May 1903; and [[Woodruff, Illinois|]] in October 1904, which never developed any urban functions and is now completely gone.
- Sublett, Michael D., William D. Walters, Jr. and Suthard Modry, Commentary on a Conrnbelt Countryside (Normal: Department of Geography - Geology, 1973) pp. 58-59.
- Historical Encyclopedia, 1908, 2:902.
- Pantagraph Bloomington, Illinois, 18 May 1886, p.3.
- Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois), 21 January 1887, p.5.
- Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois) 12 March 1887 p.4.
- Sublett, Commentary, p.59
- 13 June 1888
- Walters, William D. Jr. "Transferred Structures and Town Origins," P.A.S.T. (Pioneer America Society Transactions) (1991) 14, 11 - 17, p.14.
- Combined Indexed Atlases 1856 - 1914, McLean County (Bloomington: McLean County Historical Society and McLean County Genealogical Society, 1906) p.181.
- Walters,1991, p.14.
- "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- "Places: Illinois". 2010 Census Gazetteer Files. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
- "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- "Idaho Governor H. Clarence Baldridge". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 19, 2012.


Explore Your Knowledge on Aromatic Compounds with Our Qualified and Expert Subject Teachers
Aromatic Compounds are the part of organic chemistry. It is a ring shaped molecule’s planer that is much more stable than other plans of similar atomic sets. The atoms in these compounds are so stable that they only break when they react with other chemical. Aromatic compounds are derives from:
- Homocyclic or carbolic compounds, containing only carbon atoms.
- Heterocyclic compound, they contain one or more atoms other than carbon in their ring skeletons.
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Something more about the subject
It has a vast expanse with unsaturated chemical compounds of several planer rings. Benzene and phenol is carbolic compound known as carbolic aromatic. Pyrrole and pyridine is heterocyclic compound known as heterocyclic aromatic. . Benzene is commonly found in petroleum, and most of the organic compounds are derived from benzene. So aromatic compounds also known as benzene derivatives. If you are bit confused about the subject and their derivatives for doing your assignment, you can ask for an aromatic compounds assignment help from myhomeworkhelp.com.
Simple criteria of aromatics
Organic chemistry is containing lots of chemical compounds. Among them aromatic compounds are those who fulfill some criteria such as
- The molecules must have the ability to be planar or flat shaped structure
- They must contain 4n +2 electrons delocalized over their flat structure.
- The molecules must follow Hiickel’s rule
- All the atoms in the ring skeleton must participate the delocalizing the electrons.
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Chemistry has a vast expanse with lots of chemical products, it has relation with bio science, physics, and mathematic. So understanding the subject properly is most important. Students often confused with the several branches, conversion and reaction of the subject. So do not get confused come to us and expand your knowledgefor doing your best assignment.
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Extracting teeth in pets is generally a last resort, however sometimes it is the only way to treat severe periodontal disease, fractures that can’t receive root canals or other severe conditions.
Take a look at the area the arrow is pointing to on this radiograph. Tooth resorption in cats is only treated by tooth extraction.
A postoperative view of the area after extraction of the diseased crown and root in this feline patient.
Dogs with short faces or brachycephalic breeds like boxers, pugs, Boston terriers and English bulldogs commonly have rotation and crowding of teeth that make them prone to bone destruction from periodontal disease. This condition starts with the inflammation of the gum from the plaque that accumulates from not brushing. Eventually the gum and the bone are destroyed.
If we merely pull the tooth we leave the diseased tissue behind which does the patient little to no good. Remember the disease is not in the tooth it is in the tissue. Cleaning the bone and the tissue is the most important part to eliminate the real disease.


This animal is Cymbiola magnifica, another well-named mollusc. It’s a Volute. I come across them every now and then in the water off Sydney, moving in a stately way across the sea floor.
They are big – the shell can be about 8 inches long. As they proceed they track and probe with a long proboscis held out front.
Within the molluscs, volutes are gastropods, like nudibranchs. It seems there is flux afoot in gastropod classification, but of two of the most diverse groups of gastropods, nudibranchs are in one while volutes are in another.
Though they look like snails, Volutes are not in the same group as the familiar land snails, which are more closely related to nudibranchs. This group, I understand, has two sexes, unlike the nudibranchs which are hermaphroditic. I have some shots of a volute mating – an unusual sight – but I’ll put those in another post.
The shot to the right gives a sense of scale.
I’ve often wondered about their lifestyle. They seem to just appear from time to time in one of my usual dive sites, and I had no idea where they came from. Do they migrate slowly in from deeper water? Do they have a den somewhere? Why don’t I ever see small ones?
Back in June I saw how some of it works. I think they burrow into the sand for much of the time, and lie there invisible, before emerging. In June I came across the last stage of an emergence of the one pictured at the top.
I assume they emerge to feed (and as we’ll see, to mate), and then re-enter the sea floor.
I’ve been trying to work out what they can sense. I assume the long proboscis can smell/taste the water, detecting traces of chemicals, and it is also sensitive to touch. But can they see at all? When they approach obstacles, they don’t divert their course, in any obvious way, before reaching the object. But this is not very informative, as they can climb steadily over or round anything medium-sized in front of them; they might see the objects and not care. I’ve not yet seen one encounter anything it couldn’t take in its amorphous stride. I planted my camera motionless before one, coming from some distance away, and it didn’t divert before reaching the camera and starting to climb round it.
Volutes always look like some of the calmest animals in the sea.


historic preservation relies on uncovering—the uncovering of artifacts to reveal and illuminate our past. Rarely is it an act of recovery. In other words, the artifact’s original meaning might be identified and might elucidate a previously unknown past, but its original application to society is often left un-restored. Like an ancient bronze tool displayed in a museum’s exhibition case, the artifact’s relevance remains historical in nature and locked to its period of initial significance—banished from ever playing an active role in our society again. Similarly, when we untangle architectural artifacts from sedimentary layers of successive occupations, we also reduce those vestiges to singular conditions. Simplified and labeled, they make for easy exhibition. Fearful of complicating their perception, clear boundaries arise to confine the object from its contemporary context and the everyday life of the city.
The Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome’s Piazza Imperatore exemplifies this modernist crisis. Originally clad in marble, ornamented and landscaped, this imperial tomb structure dates to 28 BC. Built to house the remains of Emperor Augustus, it spoke of Rome’s glories. In antiquity it was Rome's most important monument. After the empire's fall, its remaining inhabitants stripped this monument of its precious materials. Reduced to its brick substructure, later generations appropriated and transformed these foundations to meet specific needs unique to and reflective of their particular moment in history. For example, in the territorially tentative early medieval times, the mausoleum served as one of the various strongholds of the Colonna family with fortified walls and a moat; in the more peaceful 16th century an ornamental garden crowned it; when Goethe indulged in Rome’s bounty, it was an arena for entertainment such as bullfighting; then in the 19th century a circus, and in modern times this same mausoleum was roofed over and designed as the city's new lavish art nouveau concert hall. Suddenly in 1934 this long vibrant succession of occupations came to a tragic halt.
Seeking to uncover tropes of imperial legacy, every shred of these later occupations were stripped by a regime searching to establish lineage to Rome’s ancient Empire. To cleanse the artifact and to provide space for the display of other artifacts, such as the Ara Pacis (the famous monument altar of Augustus), the dictator Benito Mussolini demolished large quantities of surrounding medieval fabric—several city blocks rich in history. So what was once a richly layered focus point that transformed to suit the desires of each new generation, the mausoleum now sits forlornly in a traffic-encircled, moat-like park indifferent to its past occupants and its current neighbors. The deprivation of any real human activity is sad when compared to its outlandish past.
Mussonlini at work
Eager to attract the attention of tourists challenged more by time than intellect; cities readily package thousands of remnants like the Mausoleum of Augustus for easy uncomplicated consumption. Unaware of multiple histories, general audiences easily approach architectural artifacts in their simplified versions assuming these remnants tell a complete and finite story.
Whenever we free an artifact, of its cumulative layers we museify its remains. Reduced to playing the role of passive entertainers, rather than integrated signifiers, such attractions become stumbling blocks within the surrounding urban fabric. This programmatic sterilization of artifacts has affected cities worldwide. This is not necessarily a recent issue, though in cities like Rome it has taken on a certain urgency. The question has gone beyond the issue of appropriateness, to become a question of whether one should even build within historic city centers. By prejudging contemporary architecture as incapable of contextual engagement, cities ultimately label artifacts as impotent. Such an attitude denies the fertility of significant sites to generate and inspire new architectural scenarios. Segregation, rather than engagement, defines this misguided urban strategy.
Of course our inherent patrimony in the United States is relatively different from that of Italy’s, yet our preservation guidelines are equally stifling and dated. Initially heralded by most architects, the preservation movement in America justly solidified during that hard-fought battle over New York’s Pennsylvania Station. Eventually, preservation came to provide security in the face of International Modernism by stopping the clock to freeze identifiable/uncluttered/singular/readable and safe moments in time. Uneasy with its modernity and fearful of the architectural anonymity of its times, America embraced the preservation movement for its provision of legacy—not unlike Mussolini’s cravings to substantiate his imperial claims. Propelled by this insecurity, presenting the historic landmark uncluttered by further additive readings became the preservationists’ and society’s unstated desire.
Codified by laws and guidelines, the preservation movement legislated architectural additions to the realm of banality when compared to a landmark’s original creative impetus. Essentially reduced to only two options, architects have either mimicked the existing, as in Kevin Roche’s seamless and slavish addition to New York’s Jewish Museum, or architects have disengaged from the objectified landmark as in the case of I. M. Pei’s self-absorbed addition to National Gallery. An utter inability to create a dialogue between past and present permeates both these strategies. History demands confrontation.
Jewish Museum, New York City
National Gallery, Washington D.C.
Throughout his writings, Aldo Rossi identified, termed and explored the polemic of urban artifacts. He clarified the difference in architecture between history and memory. For him, an urban artifact’s history, refers to the period when the architecture functions as designed. And memory, begins when the architecture ceases to function as originally programmed. Yet, is the issue of memory merely a recollection of preceding forms? What of the events and people that populated that site? For me, history refers not only to preceding architectural form, but to the collective memory of past events, occupants, contents, associations and aspirations.
Making evident such elusive memories establishes a dialogue between past and present, but are we capable of designing new structures that engage contextual memory? To do so, I believe requires the use of metaphors. The Latin root of the word metaphor, speaks of transference... can new architecture transfer history along with its myths, stories and lies?
While evoking a site’s past significance, architecture must also engage the present if we are to make that history pertinent. An architecture that evokes the past is irrelevant if it does not address current site conditions, meet new programmatic needs and satiate contemporary desires. These are the issues that have always motivated architecture. Though it's important to remember, that our architectural responses to such immediate needs will eventually cease to be relevant, as programs, aesthetics and emotions all change. Our architecture preserves the memories of time-specific agendas and will in due course become dateable archeological layers in themselves.
The mere preservation of a landmark, disengaged from contemporary agendas, is a vacuous goal. It is the layering of history, not the presentation of a cleansed idealized past, that awakens a site. To elucidate historical significance new constructions must engage inherent contextual memories, both in form and in program. Mine is a clear argument against the sterility of historic preservation. Though I illustrate my position through three proposals sited in Rome, this referential strategy is cross-cultural in nature and applicable to all sites of consequence. History, not historicism, should motivate our intentions, while never underestimating the power of wit.
3 propositions for the city of Rome:
Comments on the project:


Aromatherapy Goes ‘High Tech’
New methods of essential oil extraction are entering the mainstream of aromatherapy, offering new choices in oils never before available. With the new labels of ‘CO2’ and ‘SCO2’, along with the traditional ‘steam’ and ‘hydro’ distillations, ‘absolutes’, and ‘cold pressing’, a little education for the aromatherapy enthusiast can go a long way in essential oil selection. Is one process better than another? Does one produce a nicer smelling oil, or one with greater aromatherapeutic value? It turns out that essential oil production, like winemaking, is an art form as well as a science. The value of the newer processing methods depends greatly on the experience of the distiller, as well as the intended application of the final product. Each method is important, and has it’s place in the making of aromatherapy-grade essential oils.
Steam distillation, the most common method of essential oil production, involves the flow of steam into a chamber holding the raw plant material. The steam causes small sacs containing essential oil to burst. The oil is then carried by the steam out of the chamber and into a chilled condenser, where the steam once again becomes water. (Hydro-distillation is a similar process where the plant material is boiled, with the resultant steam being captured and condensed). The oil and water are then separated; the water, referred to as a ‘hydrosol’, can be retained as it will have some of the plant essence. Rose hydrosol, for example, is commonly used for it’s mild antiseptic and soothing properties, as well as it’s pleasing floral aroma.
A number of factors determine the final quality of a steam distilled essential oil. Aside from the plant material itself, most important are time, temperature and pressure, and the quality of the distillation equipment. Essential oils are very complex products; each is made up of many, sometimes hundreds, of distinct molecules which come together to form the oil’s aroma and therapeutic properties. Some of these molecules are fairly delicate structures which can be altered or destroyed by adverse environmental conditions. So, much like a fine meal is more flavorful when made with patience, most oils benefit from a long, slow ‘cooking’ process.
The temperature of the extraction chamber cannot be too high, lest some components of the oil be altered or destroyed. The same is true of the chamber’s pressure. Lavender, for example, should not be processed at over 245 degrees F and three pounds per square inch of pressure (3 psi). Higher temperatures and/or pressures result in a ‘harsh’ aroma – more chemical than floral – and lessen the oil’s therapeutic effects. Also, the extraction period must be allowed to continue for a certain period of time in order to flush ALL the oil’s components from the plant, as some are released more quickly than others.
Despite the drawbacks of aggressive processing, high temperatures and pressures are often used to produces large quantities of oil in a short period of time. These oils are usually destined for use in cosmetic and processed food manufacturing, but are sometimes sold to final consumers as essential oils for use in aromatherapy. These oils will be less expensive, but are of limited therapeutic value, and the difference is apparent when the aromas are compared side-by-side.
Some plants, and particularly flowers, do not lend themselves to steam distilling. They are too delicate, or their fragrance and therapeutic essences cannot be completely released by water alone. These oils will be produced as ‘absolutes’ – and while not technically considered essential oils they can still be of therapeutic value. Jasmine and Rose in particular are delicate flowers who’s oils are often found in ‘absolute’ form.
The processing of an absolute first involves the hydrocarbon solvent extraction of a ‘concrete’ from the plant material, a semi-solid mixture of typically 50% wax and 50% volatile oil. The concrete is again processed using ethyl alcohol (the same alcohol found in beer, wine, etc.) in which the wax is only slightly soluble. The volatile plant oil separates into the alcohol and this mixture is removed. The alcohol is then evaporated and the result is an almost pure plant extract – depending on the care taken in the evaporation process, sometimes 2% or less of the ethyl alcohol may remain. The use of solvents in the extraction process notwithstanding, absolutes can have incredibly deep and complex aromas.
And now for the most modern technologies, Carbon Dioxide and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide extraction. Both methods involve the use of carbon dioxide as the ‘solvent’ which carries the essential oil away from the raw plant material. The lower pressure CO2 extraction involves chilling carbon dioxide to between 35 and 55 degrees F, and pumping it through the plant material at about 1000 psi. The carbon dioxide in this condition is condensed to a liquid. Supercritical CO2 extraction (SCO2) involves carbon dioxide heated to 87 degrees F and pumped through the plant material at around 8,000 psi – under these conditions, the carbon dioxide is likened to a ‘dense fog’ or vapor. With release of the pressure in either process, the carbon dioxide escapes in its gaseous form, leaving the essential oil behind.
These carbon dioxide methods have a couple of advantages: Like steam distillation, there are no solvent residues left behind, and the resultant product is quite pure. Like solvent extraction, there is no heat applied to the plant material or essential oil to alter it in any way. The oil produced is very accurate with respect to the original state of the plant. The CO2 methods also are the most efficient, producing the most oil per amount of plant (one of the reasons for the high cost of essential oils is the low yield of oil from most plants – one ton of Rose petals produces less than 1 pound of oil, for example). The efficiency of CO2 extraction is particularly important when rare or endangered plant species are involved, such as Indian Sandalwood – less of the precious plant is needed to produce an equivalent amount of oil.
Finally, there is the ‘cold pressing’ of citrus oils from the peels of fruit, as is done with Bergamot, Orange, Lemon, and the like. This method involves the simple pressing of the rind at about 120 degrees F to extract the oil. Little, if any, alteration from the oil’s original state occurs – these citrus oils retain their bright, fresh, uplifting aromas like that of smelling a wonderfully ripe fruit.
CO2’s, with some obvious advantages, are not always the best choice for a particular need. They still are the most expensive, despite their higher yields. The resultant product differs slightly compared to one produced another way – the oils produced by steam distillation of some plants may sometimes be found to have a more agreeable aroma. Patchouli, for example, seems to benefit from the steam distillation process by becoming a little warmer and richer. Many other essential oils are quite effectively produced via steam distillation, with little alteration from the original plant state. Oils from other plant species do seem more ‘complete’ with CO2 processing, with Frankincense and most of the ‘spice’ oils being good examples where a little something special is present in the aroma.
Producing essential oils of aromatherapeutic grade is skill requiring years of experience. It takes the work of a dedicated artesian at every step, from growing and harvesting to fine-tuning the distillation process, to produce a truly fine oil. The making of a fine essential oil relies far more on knowledge and experience than it does on the particular extraction method. There are, however, legitimate reasons to select one distillation method over another – some plants simply require a particular process to produce a fine oil, and the oil needed for a particular application may only be made by one process. In the end, as is often the case in aromatherapy, your own sense of smell can tell you which oil will work best for you.


Thalia’s recent blog post highlighted the devastating fact that suicide is now the leading cause of death of young people (ages 20-34) in England and Wales. Moreover, the issue of the gender difference in suicide rates was raised. Thalia’s post noted that “whilst women are much more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety and depression, suicide rates show quite the opposite pattern. Approximately 4 times as many young men take their own lives as young women in any one year.”
But why is this gender difference so extreme?
Research suggests that whilst death by suicide is more common in males, nonfatal suicide attempts are more common among females. Young men are more inclined to use more lethal means of suicide than young women. It is therefore possible that although rates of male deaths from suicide are higher, nonfatal suicide attempts in females may artificially inflate the gender difference in suicide rates.
However, whether overestimated or not, it is important that the prevalence of young men taking their own lives is addressed.
The World Health Organisation (2014) noted a number of potential reasons for this gender difference, including gender equality issues, availability and patterns of alcohol consumption, and differences in care-seeking rates for mental disorders between men and women.
A difference in care seeking behaviours has been well documented in previous research, with the greatest difference being displayed in young adults. A recent study of US college students found that young women are not only more likely than men to receive professional treatments (including medication, counselling and therapy) but they also experience more support from family and friends. Findings such as this may explain why young women are much more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety and depression, but have lower suicide rates. Therapeutic interventions for suicide behaviour appear to be effective in adolescents, and females are more likely to seek help. Therefore, increased professional and familial support may explain the reduced rates of suicidality in young women.
“young women are much more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety and depression, but have lower suicide rates”
But what about the young men that do seek support? Do they receive the help they need?
While males have been found to possess more maladaptive attitudes towards suicide than females, approaches to suicide prevention give insufficient consideration to gender differences. A recent review of the literature on this topic highlighted that young women benefit far more from suicide prevention efforts than their male peers. Given the robust gender differences observed, it is apparent that we need to develop more effective strategies for young men.
“approaches to suicide prevention give insufficient consideration to gender differences”
However, a number of promising approaches were found in the literature. One successful strategy used a suicide prevention filmstrip with a male character who, unlike the female character featured, died from suicide. The authors suggested young men may find it easier to identify with a male character, creating a sense of male urgency to seek help. It was also suggested that gender-biased questionnaire wording may have contributed to the success of the initiative. An emphasis on depression in screening measures may encourage more young women to come forward with their concerns, whereas a focus on anger or stress may be more successful for young men.
The prevalence of suicide in young people, and the gender difference in rates of diagnoses, is an issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Research in this field emphasises the need to prioritise the development of tailored prevention initiatives so that young people, specifically males, get the help they need. With suicide prevention initiatives showing promising developments, there is the hope that in the near future both young men and women will be at less of a risk.