By now it is clear that there is an increased mortality in wild birds due to high-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), mainly within populations of black-headed gulls. Halfway through February the DWHC and partner organizations published an article about the signs of this trend (https://dwhc.nl/en/keep-a-look-out-for-avian-influenza-in-black-headed-gulls/). The gulls are most vulnerable in roost and breeding colonies, as here there are many birds in close proximity. This creates many opportunities for virus transmission.
Since 15 January, almost 2000 dead gulls, mostly black-headed gulls, have been reported to the DWHC and Sovon. 188 of these gulls have been collected between January 1st and the first half of March, from all over the Netherlands. Of these, 101 gulls were tested positive for HPAI, 29 were negative and 58 are still being examined (see Table 1).
|Species of gull||Positive||Negative||In examination||Total|
|Great Black-backed gull||1|
|Gull, species undetermined||12||2||21||35|
Most of the examined birds were (black-headed) gulls, but other birds were also examined. In table 2, the birds are shown per species group. Map 1 shows the positive birds by birdspecies. It is important to note the four Peregrine falcons and one short-eared owl that have been tested positive for HPAI.
|Type of bird||Positive||Negative||In examination||Total|
In other European countries, increased mortality due to avian flu has also been reported. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has published a report on avian flu in the period of December 2022 to February 2023 in which increased mortality was noted among sea birds, mainly gulls and most specifically black-headed gulls.
Increased mortality among black-headed gulls due to HPAI was reported in France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy. In Switzerland, increased mortality among gulls was reported, but examination has not been finished yet. In the graph below from the EFSA-report, one can see that mainly colony breeding sea bird species were affected by HPAI (see Graph a). In Graph b, these colony breeding sea bird species are projected per Genus. It can be noted that almost all positive birds are gulls (Laridae). In Graph c, the gulls are projected per species, and most gulls are black-headed gulls. The last bar of Graph c is smaller, but this can be because not all countries have reported their data yet.
Avian flu is a zoonosis: a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Therefore, it is imperative to use the necessary hygienic precautions when handling wildlife cadavers (https://dwhc.nl/en/faq/). On the website of the NVWA (Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority), a dutch manual is available for employees of animal ambulances and animal protection for the clearance of wild waterfowl (Handleiding voor het opruimen van dood gevonden wilde (water)vogels | Voorschrift | NVWA).
For information on avian flu in people, and general information on avian flu, we refer to the RIVM, information is in Dutch (https://www.rivm.nl/aviare-influenza).
Reporting for insight in mortality: You can report dead birds on the websites of Sovon (https://www.sovon.nl/tellen/telprojecten/dode-vogel-melden), the DWHC (https://dwhc.nl/meldingsformulier/meldingen-voor-inzicht-in-sterfte/) or waarneming.nl. This way, the scope of mortality among different bird species can be examined.
Removal: If you want the dead bird to be removed , the bird has to be reported to the owner of the location where the bird is found. For more information, please visit: link.
Reporting for examinating the cause of death: If you want a bird to be tested for avian flu, you can report the animal to the DWHC (https://dwhc.nl/meldingsformulier/meldingen-voor-insturen/) or Sovon (https://www.sovon.nl/tellen/telprojecten/dode-vogel-melden), please use ‘insturen’. Because it is impossible to examine all reported birds, a selection must be made. To be selected, the animal must fit the following criteria:
Even if the bird fits these criteria, it is not garanteed that the bird can be picked up. Based on the colour of the municipality on the overview map (https://ez.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=233f07961dc645dfa795ebe14dce9680), the bird species and the amount of reported birds, the DWHC will decide whether the bird will be selected for examination. The possibilities for examination will be communicated to the reporter by phone or mail. If it is decided that the bird will be picked up, the reporter will receive a code from the DWHC. This code will be written on a label , or on the bag itself.
The birds that will be picked up for montoring for avian flu, will go directly to WBVR in Lelystad for testing. In case of a negative result for avian flu, these birds will not be examined further for the cause of death or other diseases.
To report other birds, such as blackbirds, tits, finches etc., the procedure is the same. These birds will go to the DWHC for pathological research. These birds will also be tested for avian flu. We try to pick up birds of prey that have not been frozen for pathological examination. For example, recently two Eurasian sparrowhawks were found to have inflammations in their beaks due to a parasite
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), EURL (European Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza), Adlhoch C, Fusaro A, Gonzales JL, Kuiken T, Marangon S, Stahl K, Niqueux É, Staubach C, Terregino C, Mirinaviciute G, Aznar I, Broglia A and Baldinelli F, 2023. Scientific report: Avian influenza overview December 2022–March 2023. EFSA Journal 2023;21(3):7917, 43 pp. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7917


Compounding in community pharmacy
- Mark Feldschuh
- Aust Prescr 2008;31:115-8
- 1 April 2008
- DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2008.016
When a drug is not available, or is unavailable in a form suitable for a particular patient, compounding may provide a solution to the individual's needs. Compounding is 'the preparation and supply of a single unit of a product intended for immediate use by a specific consumer'.1 It is also known as extemporaneous dispensing. Compounding may involve modification of a manufactured product or the preparation of a compound from raw ingredients. Although most often associated with pharmacists, other practitioners such as naturopaths and herbalists may compound products.
All medicines were compounded until the expansion and mechanisation of the pharmaceutical industry led to the availability of mass-manufactured drugs. Although now practised to a lesser extent by most pharmacists, compounding is still taught as part of the pharmacy curriculum. All community pharmacies are required to maintain basic compounding equipment for the provision of this service.
Based on experience in the USA where compounding is widely promoted, requests for individualised dosage forms are likely to become more frequent to meet the specific needs of individual patients (see box).
|Box - Reasons for compounding medicines|
Different dosage form required, for example liquid form required but only tablets available, ointment required instead of cream
Sensitivity/allergy to excipients and preservatives
Discontinued or unavailable medicine
Different dose or concentration required
Different route of administration required
Compliance problems, for example palatability
Manufactured medicines are preferable to compounded products as their production is governed by the 'Code of Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products' and they undergo evaluation by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). However, many medicines are unavailable in suitable forms for particular patients. The size of the Australian market precludes registration of products required for small but significant patient populations and many products are discontinued or unavailable for economic rather than safety reasons.2
Compounding is often needed for paediatric patients. In a review of all products with approved paediatric indications, around 24% were not available in a form suitable for administration to children.3The problem of balancing vitamin D deficiency and exposure to sunlight has led to requests to compound high doses of vitamin D as the commercially available products contain insufficient quantities.45Metronidazole vaginal gel for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis is an example of a manufactured product available overseas that must be compounded by a pharmacist if required by an Australian patient.6 More controversially, there has been an increase in the prescribing of so-called 'natural' bio-identical hormones following concerns about the risks of hormone replacement therapy with synthetic oestrogen and progestogen.
The Therapeutic Goods Regulations 1990 exempt compounded products from registration by the TGA if they 'are dispensed, or extemporaneously compounded, for a particular person for therapeutic application to that person' and they are prepared in a pharmacy 'for supply (other than by wholesale) on or from those premises'. Due to this exemption, extemporaneously dispensed medicines are not subject to evaluation by the TGA. Professional practice is governed by pharmacy boards in each state or territory. Although there have been few confirmed incidents of harm from compounded products in Australia, the potential is great in the absence of enforceable quality control measures. There have been reports of serious adverse events in the USA, mostly associated with improper compounding of sterile parenteral products.7 In the USA, compounding is also regulated by state pharmacy boards, however the federal Food and Drug Administration has taken action against companies that have embarked on large scale manufacture and supply of unapproved drugs under the guise of compounding.
A particular concern of the TGA is batch production (compounding a medicine for more than one patient). Until recently this was mostly undertaken by hospital pharmacies, but now has increased in other areas.
Traditionally, compounded medicines were simple dosage forms, but now some pharmacies are compounding complex dosage forms. Controlled-release formulations are an example that has already caused concern as variations in pharmaceutical performance such as dose dumping are possible. There are usually no or inadequate studies available on bioavailability and hence the compounder has to be aware of their ability and the prescriber has to balance potential harm against clinical need. A triad of informed patient, prescriber and compounder is essential.
Pharmacists are required to provide patient counselling on the appropriate use of compounded medicines. There is no consumer medicine information available for these products, so prescribers and pharmacists must ensure that the patient is aware of this and advise on the correct use, storage, expiry date and possible adverse effects and interactions. This counselling, information and education has to be communicated to each patient.
The Pharmaceutical Society of Australia has developed Professional Practice Standards for compounding1 as well as a specific compounding chapter in the Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary and Handbook. The TGA is currently working with pharmacy professional bodies and health departments to review and improve compounding standards in Australia.
Application and enforcement of practice standards has been inconsistent and under-resourced. A uniform approach to the current regulations and standards would potentially help to address some of the concerns about compounding.8The demand for extemporaneously prepared products in pharmacies is low, so the maintenance of compounding skills, equipment, formularies and standard procedures can be difficult and costly. This is leading to the development of specialised compounding practices.
Pharmacy compounding is an important and growing area of professional practice and potentially has a role in the effective treatment of patients with specific needs. Uniform compliance with the standards and regulations is therefore needed. Planning is under way for the development of more comprehensive compounding practice standards which will be critical to ensuring that only the highest quality products are prepared. All compounding activity (not just by pharmacists) should be undertaken to these high standards. Enforcement of these standards should also be uniform to ensure patient health and safety.
Mr Feldschuh is a shareholder of Professional Compounding Centres of Australia (PCCA) and is a member of PCCA. His current position is Vice President, Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (PSA), Victorian branch. He is the PSA representative on the Pharmacy Manufacturing Technical Expert Reference Group, Therapeutic Goods Administration. He has previously owned two pharmacies.
Community pharmacist, Caulfield Junction, Victoria


Sir William Jones – the English Philologist who for the first time in 1786 suggested in his book “The Sanscrit Language” that Greek and Latin were related to Sanskrit and perhaps even Gothic, Celtic and Persian languages were related to Sanskrit.
It was this work which later gave birth to the so called Proto-Indo-European theory which instead of looking into Sanskrit being the root language of all Indo-European languages, suggests that all Indo-European languages including Sanskrit came from another so far unheard of language called PIE or Proto-Indo-European language.
The World’s Oldest Known Literary work - the Vedas – the root source of the Indian and Hindu Philosophy and Spirituality – are written in Sanskrit.
Be it Greek Latin English Hindi Lithuanian – Sanskrit is the mother of all Languages. Even Scholars like Voltaire, Immanuel Kant etc believed that Sanskrit was the root of all Indo-European languages.
“I am convinced that everything has come down to us from the banks of the Ganges” said Voltaire. He believed that the “Dynasty of Brahmins taught the rest of the world”.
“Mankind together with all science must have originated on the roof of the world ie the Himalayas” declared Immanuel Kant.
Jeffrey Armstrong (also known as Kavindra Rishi), the founder of Vedic Academy of Science & Arts (VASA) and a well-known teacher of Yoga, Ayurveda and Bhagavad Gita.This is not the first time in recent history that Yoga and Vedic knowledge have left Bharat and are having a profound effect upon world culture. It is only we, who are unaware of the true history of the spread of language, knowledge, and culture on a global scale. Those who colonize other cultures and those who have founded the three Abrahamic religions have not been inclined to mention the sources of those from whom they have “borrowed” the knowledge and practice. This is the third time in the last 5000 years that Yogic wisdom has become a mass movement and reshaped the world.
The first was during the Persian Empire in Babylon from 1500-700 BCE during which time thinkers like Pythagoras (“Pitta Gurus”) were trained in Yoga and Vedic philosophy. The second was just before, during, and after the supposed time of Christ. It is a well-known historical fact that at least 150 ships per year were traveling back and forth between Rome and Bharat at that time. The ships were filled with products from both cultures on both legs of the arduous journey. They also carried language and culture and of course Yoga in all its forms.
or example, Sanskrit is definitely the Mother of Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, Latin and numerous European languages, concluding with English. World culture of the time was abundantly present at the great university in Alexandria, just down the road from where Jesus was supposedly in exile. This means that all three Abrahamic religions were formed surrounded by yogic knowledge. As a note, religion means re-ligare or bound by rules. So only these three qualify as religions. Vedic culture including the Buddhist version are properly called “Dharma Cultures”, since neither are bound by a single “rule book”. Buddha was a reformer of the Vedic culture and not the founder of a religion; the same is true for the Jain Dharma and Mahavira. You could think of the three Abrahamic religions as “people of a book”, whereas the Vedic people are the “people of a library”.
SPIRITUALITY IS A CONFUSING ENGLISH WORD BORROWED FROM THE GREEK LANGUAGE. THE FIRST PROBLEM IS THE USE OF THE WORD GOD AND MANY GODS AS ALSO THE WORD SPIRITUAL. THE WORD “SPIRITUAL’’ IS ORIGINATED FROM THE GREEK WORD “SPIRITUS” WHICH MEANS “TO BREATHE”. THE ENGLISH TERM GOD WAS ORIGINALLY A SANSKRIT WORD TAKEN FROM THE VEDAS AND MENTIONED SEVERAL TIMES IN THE BHAGAVAD-GITA: “HUTAM” OR THE SMOKE ARISING FROM AN OFFERING PLACED INTO A SACRED FIRE CEREMONY.HUTAM BECAME “GUTAM” IN GERMAN, “GOOT” IN DUTCH, AND “GOD” IN ENGLISH.
Now the “God” word is the one and only cover word for the Supreme Reality in English. It does not have a specific meaning in English. What is mistakenly called Hindu religion should be referred to as Vedic Sanatan Dharma culture, meaning basically that they are involved with a body of learning which attempts to describe things that are always true. It is not just a book of rules, a blind-faith based club to join or an aggressive conversion based.
Pannini did not receive the phonemes of Sanskrit, they were given to him in a specific order as 14 combinations which facilitated arranging the 4000 rules of Sanskrit grammar in the best possible arrangement to produce concise sutras. Sanskrit should be seen as the residence of the Devas who are really the various laws of nature. The Vedic idea of creation is that matter was “downloaded” from the realm of Brahman by sound vibration. Pannini said that he was the last scholar in the 50 generations of linguists working on perfecting the written rules of Sanskrit Grammar. That does not mean the letters, which are considered timeless and originated with Pannini.
The point of Deva Bhasa or Sanskritam was to use it as a programming language that does not “drift” or change over time. This would have allowed teachings to be passed on without loss or distortion over very long periods of time.
The historical truth is that Bharat was the wealthiest country in the world when the British arrived. At that time, public education in Sanskrit and regional languages was free for all. That Sanskrit education was purposely destroyed by the British so they could enslave the people of Bharat and steal their wealth. It also explains why the British strategy to destroy India was to stop Sanskrit education of the masses.
he historical truth is that God began His journey as a part of the process of Vedic Yajna, wherein there are various components: the Kratur or Vrat – the vow or intention for the lighting of the fire; then there is the Svadhaa – Sva means “one’s own” and Dha means “intention or offering”; then there is Aushadam or the herbs and medicines which create a healing effect upon the environment including one’s own body. This word is rooted in two Sanskrit words, Ayus and Prashadam; next is the mantra which must be intoned correctly, and then of course comes the Aajyam or the all-important Ghee to be placed into the mouth of Agni, the Deva of fire into whose mouth all this is being placed; and finally, the Hutam or oblation poured into the fire and arising as smoke skyward towards Svarga loka, the realm of the Devas. This Hutam travelled via German as Guta (which it still is in Dutch) and then into English as God stinging the eyes as a minor irritant in the larger atmosphere of theological discourse. Therefore, God is the smoke arising from the offering in a Vedic Yajna.
Mainstream English words with Sanskrit Roots
Prati Shat (meaning for every hundred i.e percent)per centum (L)percent
|Root Sanskrit Word||Median Word in Latin(L) / Greek(G) / Arabic(A)||Derived English Word|
|Gau (meaning Cow)||Bous (G)||Cow|
|Matr (meaning Mother)||Mater (L)||Mother|
|Jan (meaning Generation)||Genea (G)||Gene|
|Aksha (meaning Axis)||Axon (G)||Axis|
|Navagatha (meaning Navigation)||Navigationem (L)||Navigation|
|Sarpa (meaning Snake)||Serpentem (L)||Serpent|
|Naas (means Nose)||Nasus (L)||Nose|
|Anamika (means Anonymous)||Anonymos (G)||Anonymous|
|Naama (means Name)||Nomen (L)||Name|
|Manu (means First Human)||??||Man/Men/Human|
|Ashta (meaning Eight)||Octo (L)||Eight|
|Barbara (meaning Foreign)||Barbaria (L)||Barbarian|
|Dhama (meaning House)||Domus (L)||Domicile|
|Danta (meaning Teeth)||Dentis (L)||Dental|
|Dwar (meaning Door)||Doru||Door|
|Dasha (meaning Ten)||Deca (G)||Deca|
|Madhyam (meaning Medium)||Medium (L)||Medium|
|Kaal (meaning Time)||Kalendae (L)||Calendar|
|Kri (meaning To Do)||Creatus (L)||Create|
|Mishra (meaning Mix)||Mixtus (L)||Mix|
|Ma (meaning Me/My)||Me (L)||Me|
|Pithr (meaning Father)||Pater (L)||Father|
|Bhrathr (meaning Brother)||Phrater (G)||Brother|
|Loka (meaning Place)||Locus (L)||Locale|
|Maha (meaning Great)||Magnus (L)||Mega|
|Mala (meaning Dirt/Bad)||Malus (L)||Mal as in Malicious, Malnutrition, Malformed etc|
|Makshikaa (meaning Bee)||Musca (L) (Meaning Fly)||Mosquito|
|Mrta (meaning Dead)||Mortis (L)||Murder|
|Na (meaning No)||Ne||No|
|Nakta (meaning Night)||Nocturnalis (L)||Nocturnal|
|Paad (meaning Foot)||Pedis (L)||Ped as in Pedestrial, Pedal etc|
|Pancha (meaning Five)||Pente (G)||Penta, Five|
|Parah (meaning Remote)||Pera (G)||Far|
|Patha (meaning Path)||Pathes (G)||Path|
|Raja / Raya (meaning King)||Regalis (L)||Royal|
|Sama (meaning Similar)||Similis (L)||Similar|
|Sapta (meaning Seven)||Septum (L)||Seven|
|Sharkara (meaning Sugar)||Succarum||Sugar / Sucrose|
|Smi (meaning Smile)||Smilen (L)||Smile|
|SthaH (meaning Situated)||Stare (L) (meaning To Stand)||Stay|
|Svaad (meaning Tasty)||Suavis (L)||Sweet|
|Tha (meaning That)||Talis (L)||That|
|Tva (meaning Thee)||Dih||Thee|
|Vachas (meaning Speech)||Vocem (L)||Voice|
|Vahaami (meaning Carry)||Vehere (meaning to Carry) (L)||Vehicle|
|Vama / Vamati (meaning Vomit)||Vomere (L)||Vomit|
|Vastr (meaning Cloth)||Vestire (L)||Vest|
|Yauvana (meaning Youth)||Juvenilis (L)||Juvenile|
|Narangi (meaning Orange)||Naranj||Orange|
|Pippali (meaning Pepper)||Piperi (G)||Pepper|
|Chandana (meaning Sandalwood)||Santalon (G)||Sandalwood|
|Chandra (meaning Moon)||Candela (L) (meaning light / torch)||Candle|
|Chatur (meaning Four)||Quartus (L)||Quarter|
|Shunya (meaning Zero)||Cipher (A)||Zero|
|a (prefix meaning “not” ex: gochara – agochara)||a (L)(G) (prefix meaning “not”)||a (prefix meaning “not” ex: theiest-atheist|
|an (prefix meaning “not” ex: avashya – anavashya)||un (L)(G) (prefix meaning “not”)||un (prefix meaning “not” ex: do-undo|
|Arjuna (meaning Charm of Silver)||Argentinum (L)||Argentinum – Scientific Name of Silver|
|Nava (meaning New)||Novus (L)||Nova – New|
|Kafa (meaning Mucus)||Coughen||Cough|
|Mithya (meaning Lie)||Mythos (G)||Myth|
|Thri (meaning Three)||Treis (G)||Three|
|Mush (meaning Mouse)||Mus (L)||Mouse|
|Maragadum (meaning Emerald)||Smaragdus (L)||Emerald|
|Ghritam (meaning Ghee)||??||Ghee|
|Srgalah (meaning Jackal)||Shagal (Persian)||Jackal|
|Nila (meaning Dark Blue)||Nilak (Persian)||Lilac|
|Man (Ma as in Malaysia) (meaning Mind)||Mens (L)||Mind|
|Upalah (meaning Precious Stone)||Opalus (L)||Opal|
|Vrihis (meaning Rice)||Oriza (L)||Rice|
|Upalah (meaning Precious Stone)||Opalus (L)||Opal|
|Barbar (meaning stammering)||Barbaros (G)||Barbarian|
|Jaanu (meaning knee)||Genu (L)||Knee|
|Sunu (meaning Son or Offspring)||Sunu (German)||Son|
|Ghas (meaning eat)||Grasa (German)||Grass|
|Samiti (meaning Committee)||committere (L)||Committee|
|Sama (meaning Same)||Samaz (Proto Germanic)||Same|
|Lubh (meaning Desire)||Lubo (Latin and Proto Germanic)||Love|
|Agni (meaning Fire)||Ignis (L)||Ignite|
|Hrt (meaning Heart)||Herto (Proto Germanic)||Heart|
|Yaana (meaning journey, wagon)||Wagen (German)||Van, Wagon|
|Nara (meaning Nerve)||Nervus (L)||Nerve, Nervous|
|They (th pronounced as in thunder, meaning they)||Dei (Germanic)||They|
|Prati Shat (meaning for every hundred, i.e percent)||per centum (L)||percent|
This is a great read. I really want to learn more.ReplyDelete
O, I think the Semitic languages are much older than Sanskrit, It is the other way around,That means Sanskrit took a lot of words from Aramaic.ReplyDelete
It shows that the language journey started from India thru' Vedic Sanskrit & then got adapted in countries concerned(Middle East- Germany - Russia - Great Britain - then Rest Of the World)ReplyDelete
Phoenecians Panis or also known as Gypsies they spoken same language as Brahmins ,they were same Aryan race . They all descent from Manu.ReplyDelete
The oldest literary work are not the Vedas. It is the Epic of Gilgamesh. Sanskrit is not old as SumerianReplyDelete
With all due respect, Sanskrit is fabricated language by yogis like Panini and Arab/Mesopotamian Nabataeans whom Mahabharata calls them Mlecchas.ReplyDelete
The mother language is called Avestan which is the oldest and most comprehensive language with over 2 million verses and over 8000 recorded history.


If you have turned on the TV at any point in the past few weeks, the flu is making the news…the flu epidemic. Right now, the current flu is being known as one of the worst years for flu that we have seen in a while. In fact, this season is looking to be as bad as the H1N1 scare that happened in 2009. Schools throughout several states in the US are closing down to students not being present for classes from the flu, businesses are having more and more employees take advantage of their sick days, and doctors are having more patients in their waiting rooms.
How Can You Protect Yourself from the Flu Epidemic?
There are several ways that doctors are recommending people utilize to protect themselves. These ways include:
- Get the Flu Vaccine: While it may not be as effective as it was in past years, doctors are still saying that it is worth taking. And while, this is not the traditional time frame for getting the vaccine, many doctors are stating that if you have yet to get this, do so now.
- Proper Hygiene is a Must: Be sure to wash your hands, cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing to help stop the spread of germs, and wash down those surfaces that come in contact with, such as shopping carts, with antibacterial wipes.
- If you do get sick, stay home! Do not help the spread of flu. Instead, opt to stay home.
What To Do If You Get The Flu?
If you do get the flu, then you need to take care of yourself. This years flu has been extremely hard on the young and elderly. And it has caused more deaths this flu season than the last two combined. Here are a few tips to ensure that you get better from the flu:
- Get plenty of rest. Rest is what your body needs to help build back up your strength.
- Eat healthy! Avoid sugars and other types of junk food as this can make the flu stick around even longer.
- Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
- Use over the counter pain medications for the soreness that you may be feeling.
- Consider increasing your Vitamin C for the time being to help your immune system get back on track.
- Be sure to visit your doctor for a positive confirmation of flu or to know if you are dealing with something else.
According to the CDC, 48 states are still reporting widespread flu activity. For those who have yet to catch the flu, with the time of year, they often think they are out of the scope of catching this. However, this years flu is much different…you can still catch the flu, despite this being February. Take precautions, and if you do end up being sick, take care of yourself.


Jinzhong, Wade-Giles romanization Chin-chung, formerly Yuci, city, central Shanxi sheng (province), northeast-central China. It is situated on the Xiao River, about 15 miles (25 km) south of Taiyuan, the provincial capital. Jinzhong was created in 1999 by amalgamating the city of Yuci and Jinzhong prefecture, with the former Yuci becoming a district under the new city.
Yuci long was overshadowed by Taiyuan, of which it often was a subordinate county since Han times (206 bce–220 ce). Originally located some distance west, it was moved to its present site in 448 ce. Yuci has always been an important road centre, situated where the route from Hebei province, after traversing the Taihang Mountains, enters the Taiyuan Basin. It was traditionally a major agricultural collecting centre for the north of the Taiyuan Basin, engaging in trade in grain, fruits, cotton, and textiles.
Before World War II Yuci was a small market town, with walls some 2 miles (3 km) in circumference. However, by then it already had begun to grow in importance as a rail junction, for it was there that the railway running from Shijiazhuang in Hebei to Taiyuan joined the line that traversed Shanxi from Datong in the north to Fenglingdu in the extreme southwest. There is another rail line from Taiyuan to Jiaozuo (Henan province) passing through the area. The expressway from Taiyuan to Shijiazhuang passes nearby.
The local population grew rapidly after 1950, partly because the city had become a communication centre and also because of the expansion of industry. Jinzhong, surrounded by cotton fields, has a large textile industry as its economic mainstay. This is supplemented with synthetic-fibre, dyeing, and printing operations. In addition, Jinzhong boasts one of the country’s largest plants manufacturing textile machinery. Other major components of the local economy include coal mining and coking, the processing of agricultural products, and the manufacture of metallurgical products, chemicals, and building materials. Pop. (2002 est.) city, 262,414; (2007 est.) urban agglom., 840,000.


September 16, 1736
Death of Daniel Fahrenheit in The Hague, Netherlands (born in Danzig, Germany (now in Poland). Fahrenheit was a Polish-German-Dutch physicist, engineer, and glass blower who is best known for inventing the alcohol thermometer (1709) and the mercury thermometer (1714), and for developing a temperature scale now named after him. Until the switch to the Celsius scale, the Fahrenheit scale was widely used in Europe. It is still used for everyday temperature measurements by the general population in the United States and Belize and, less so, in the UK and Canada.
September 16, 1853
Birth of Albrecht Kossel (1853-1927) in Rostock, Germany. Kossel was a German biochemist and pioneer in the study of genetics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1910 for his work in determining the chemical composition of nucleic acids, the genetic substance of biological cells.
Kossel isolated and described the five organic compounds that are present in nucleic acid: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil. These compounds were later shown to be nucleobases, and are key in the formation of DNA and RNA, the genetic material found in all living cells.
September 16, 1876
28-year-old Fritz Henkel founds Henkel & Cie in Aachen. Today Henkel AG & Co. KGaA is a global company with brands and technologies for consumer and industrial businesses, headquartered in Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Historically, Henkel’s most famous brand is Persil, the first commercial laundry detergent. Before Persil, laundry soaps consisted of either soap flakes or actual bars of soap.
September 16, 1885
Birth of Karen Horney in Hamburg, Germany. She earned her M.D. from the University of Berlin. After several years of practice in psychiatry she immigrated to the U. S. She challenged many of Freud’s ideas, holding that neuroses are caused by problems in interpersonal relationships. She was primarily disturbed by Freud’s concepts of libido, the death wish and penis envy. She founded the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis.
September 16, 1889
Birth of Mercedes Jellinek in Austria. In Germany, Gottlieb Daimler had invented the automobile and was manufacturing and selling the Daimler. Emil Jellinek, an Austrian banker, was an enthusiastic Daimler owner and investor in the company. In a sweetheart deal he placed a large order for cars, obtained distribution rights and insisted that the car be named after his little girl, Mercedes. Today the car and the company are known more by that little girl’s names than the inventors of the automobile and founders of the company that makes the car, Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz.
September 16, 1891
Birth of German Admiral, Karl Dönitz, in Grünau bei Berlin. Dönitz served as a submarine officer in WWI. In defiance of the Treaty of Versailles he rebuilt a submarine fleet after the war. In 1943 he was appointed commander of the German navy. After Hitler’s death, Dönitz assumed the leadership of the nation for a few days, long enough to surrender. The Nürnberg court sentenced him to 10 years in prison, a term which he actually served.
September 16, 1943
Birth of Oskar Lafontaine in Saarlouis, Germany. he is is a German politician who served in the government of Germany as Minister of Finance from 1998 to 1999. Previously he was Minister-President of the state of Saarland from 1985 to 1998,
September 16, 1983
The Austrian bodybuilding champion, movie actor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, becomes a US citizen.


Oh no! Clocks go back tomorrow night. What does that mean? Lighter mornings, but it goes dark an hour earlier.
They did an experiment in the 1960’s I think. They kept British summer time for about three years. It stayed lighter in the evenings. The other effect was that there were less accidental deaths of children because they were not going back from school in the dark when they were tired. But it didn’t catch on because sunrise in the North and Scotland was at about 10am. The idea has been suggested a few times since then but was voted down in Parliament. Maybe one day they will change it permanently. I wish they would. It also saved money and reduced power usage. So maybe its worth it.
This time of year we change the time on our clocks by putting them forward an hour. This is known as British Summer time, or daylight saving time. It was introduced during the second World War when the idea was that farmers and workers would have an extra hour in the evening to do their work. The time changes back to Greenwich mean time in the autumn to bring us back in line with the normal time on the planet. The government did try and keep British Summer time for the whole year back in the early 1970’s because it was found there would be less road traffic accidents in the evenings when children were coming home from school, but there were complaints the sun didn’t rise in Scotland (which is in the far north of Britain) till around 10am.
As the northern spring starts there is a high pressure zone over us and air is being drawn down from the Arctic. So we are expecting cold weather in the next few days ( not that anyone is going out at the moment….).
I live in the UK and the clocks are due to go back at two am tomorrow night, that means :
Advantage… Extra hour in bed
Disadvantage….. The sun sets an hour earlier. The winter blues set in. I hate it when the sun sets before 5pm. It takes ages for it to set later than that in the winter. It’s so depressing. Why? Because the Earth is tipped by about 23? degrees. That means in the winter the sun rises further south east, curves in an arc further south than in summer and sets further south west. The hours it is visible in the sky are less. (in the summer around here the sun can set about 11pm and rise about 3am!).
Cold and dark, shivering, chilly. Even now you can feel the year dwindling.
And… WORDPRESS changes from one day to the next at midnight. Not 1am as it does in the summer. That means I have an hour less time in the evening to post before the clock ticks into the next day….


Pets that don’t receive proper veterinary care are often susceptible to health issues that can make them ill. To ensure their pets are as healthy as possible, animal owners should routinely take them to a qualified veterinarian at a Pet Health Center in Springfield VA. To learn about the various types of health care available for pets, read the information below.
All animals, regardless of their ages, should have a yearly wellness exam by a licensed veterinarian. During the visit, the vet will perform a complete physical exam on the animal and may also perform blood tests to check for various health conditions. Puppies and kittens should have their first physical examination at six weeks of age, and the veterinarian will also want to give the animals their first vaccinations. Adult and senior animals should have yearly physical exams, and pets that have medical issues may need to have examinations more frequently.
Dogs and cats should also have yearly dental examinations and teeth cleanings to make sure their teeth and gums are healthy. These animals can have plaque and tartar buildup on their teeth that should be removed by a veterinarian. It’s not uncommon for animals to have broken or loose teeth, and a vet will need to extract these teeth so they don’t become infected or painful for the animal. Before performing dental care on cats and dogs, the veterinarian gives the animals a sedative so they’ll be comfortable during the procedure.
Pets will often have pain after a surgical procedure or because of health issues such as arthritis. Qualified veterinarians at a Pet Health Center in Springfield VA, can recommend various types of treatments to help pets manage their pain. Animals that are in pain often become stressed, which can prolong the time it takes them to recuperate from an illness or injury. With their specialized treatments and care, veterinarians can help animals live a happy and healthy life.
Crosspointe Animal Hospital specializes in complete care and treatment for your pets. The qualified veterinarians at this animal clinic also provide boarding services and make house calls. You can also connect them on Facebook.
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You’ve probably seen or heard something about solar roadways, or as one promotional video puts it, “solar freakin’ roadways!” The bold idea to turn roads into solar generation infrastructure has captured the imagination of millions in recent weeks.
The concept is an example of the fascinating advancements in solar energy technology that are nudging our society ever closer to a clean energy future. From roof tiles that double as solar panels to $25 solar powered cell phone chargers, solar energy is becoming more affordable and accessible by the day. As solar panels get smaller, more powerful, and more versatile, they will start showing up all over the manmade world, maybe even on roads and sidewalks. In addition to expanding much-needed zero-carbon renewable energy generation, this evolution also offers a huge and largely overlooked environmental benefit: “no-new-impact” energy development.
The U.S. is in the middle of an energy boom. New infrastructure –from solar farms to natural gas wells to transmission lines—is popping up all over the country. This boom is transforming land and water use across the country, from the grasslands of North Dakota to the mountain forests of West Virginia. New energy development is rapidly changing the face of our natural landscapes: huge solar farms are disrupting desert ecosystems in the Southwest; natural gas wells and associated structures like roads and pipelines are carving up mountain forests in the Appalachians.
In February, a Nature Conservancy study found that wind and natural gas development in six Appalachian states threaten nearly 1.5 million acres of natural habitat through soil compaction and construction activities. The impact of natural gas development in the Appalachians can already been seen. Miles and miles of dense green forests and undulating mountain ridges are now crisscrossed by brown roads and gray concrete (the photo at the top of this page provides an example).
If just a fraction of the land area in the Appalachian region and the rest of the country that is ripe for energy development could be preserved in its natural state, the benefits to nature and people would be considerable. And that’s an aspect of the solar roadways idea that would be a guaranteed success. Energy installations that utilize or replace existing infrastructure don’t require trees to be cut down or new roads to be built—all of the direct effects on the environment have already happened.
No-new-impact energy development can come in the form of a bold new idea, or in more familiar types of energy installations like rooftop solar panels. In the Appalachians, no-new-impact development can be achieved by placing natural gas wells at old coal mining sites. Or infrastructure can be placed as close together as possible—by running a pipeline along the side of a road, for example—a practice known as co-location. Co-location is easy and relatively inexpensive. All it takes from development companies is some advance planning and dedication to minimizing environmental impacts.
Booming energy development will continue in the U.S. and other parts of the world for years, or even decades to come. There’s no question that the development of no- and low-carbon energy resources is crucial to mitigating climate change, and energy companies will continue to extract fossil fuel resources in the U.S. as long as it’s profitable. Without careful planning and attempts to minimize the footprint of that development on natural landscapes, new energy resources could come at the cost of healthy ecosystems and all the benefits they deliver to people, including clean air and clean water.
The more energy developers, government regulators, and members of the public value energy development that makes no new imprints or smaller imprints on the natural world, the more of that natural world will remain for our children and their children to enjoy. So whether it’s a natural gas well on an old coal mine site or “solar freakin’ roadways,” no-new-impact energy development is the best kind of energy development for nature and for people, and it deserves our support.


What does it look like?
Mayflies are dainty insects with lacy wings and three long hair-like “tails” which trail behind in flight. They are often called dayflies because of their short lives. The length of adult Mayflies varies from ¼ inch to a little over 1 inch. Their soft bodies may be yellow, green, or brown. Some are black and white. The long, slender Brown Stream Mayfly is golden-brown in color. The Golden Mayfly has a yellow body as well as yellow antennae, legs, and tails. It has brown markings on its head and abdomen.
Like all insects, they have 6 legs, 3 body parts, and 2 antennae. They have two short, bristly antennae and their front legs are longer than the back ones. Mayflies are not true flies because they have four wings instead of two. The front wings are held upright when at rest. The hind wings are much smaller than the fore wings. A few of the smaller species lack hind wings altogether.
Their transparent wings and wispy tails give Mayflies an uncommonly delicate and graceful appearance. The wings have various markings depending on the species. The Brown Drake Mayfly Ephemera simulans has spotted wings. The wings of the Golden Mayfly Hexagenia are clear and lack markings. Young Mayflies have wings that are cloudy in appearance.
Immature Mayflies are called naiads. Naiads have two forms—flattened and cylindrical. They have long legs and plate-like gills on the sides of the abdomen. They usually have three long thin tail projections and short antennae. Their body color may be green or brown depending on the food they eat.
Names of Mayfly families often refer to the structure of the larvae. For example, Flat-headed Mayflies have flattened larvae. Their shape is an adaptation to living under rocks or logs in flowing streams. Minnow Mayflies have slender minnow-like larvae.
Where does it live?
Mayflies are found in freshwater areas throughout the world. Central Hungary is home to one of the largest Mayfly populations. Experts believe there are about three thousand different Mayfly species. About 600 species are found in North America.
There are about twelve species of common burrowing Mayflies in North America. The larvae are inconspicuous because they burrow in sediment at the bottom of lakes and streams.
Mayfly naiads can be found at almost any time of the year in clear running water. The flattened forms are attached to rocks or other substrates. The cylindrical forms swim well and prefer flowing or highly oxygenated water.
Mayfly larvae are sensitive to changes in water conditions. Recently, pollution in rivers and streams has caused some species to be endangered or become extinct.
What does it eat?
None of the Mayfly species feed during their short adult lives because they have only vestigial mouthparts.
The aquatic immature Mayflies feed by scavenging small pieces of plants or algae that live on rocks under the water.
How does it defend itself?
Although Mayflies do not seem to have any defenses, they have survived mostly unchanged for 350 million years. Scientists believe they were around even before the dinosaurs.
What stages of metamorphosis does it go through?
Mayflies have incomplete metamorphosis. Eggs are placed on the surface or underwater by adult females. Immature stages molt (shed exoskeletons) and develop through several stages (instars) before leaving the water. The number of molts depends on the species and is affected by temperature and water conditions. A typical life cycle lasts one year.
When a naiad hatches from an egg, it may live underwater for several years before surfacing to molt into a subimago. This is the in-between stage after the naiad and before the adult. The subimago usually molts into a full-grown adult in a few hours. It has wings like the adult, but is unable to mate.
Upon reaching the surface of a river or lake, the male subimago pulls itself free from its larval skin which is left floating on the surface. A pair of long filaments trails from the back tip of the abdomen. In this first winged stage the subimago flutters toward the river bank landing in tree branches where it molts again. The Mayfly is the only insect that molts after reaching the winged stage. The fully adult stage is called the imago. Adults live for a day or two, just long enough to mate and lay eggs.
The males swarm in the air to find females and to mate. They have bifocal eyes to help them in their search. The upper part of each eye is enlarged for spotting females in the air above. The males use their long front legs to grab and hold a female. After mating, the female flies away and the male searches for another mate. The males continue to compete in finding females, swooping and fluttering over the water.
Within a few hours, the females deposit several hundred eggs while flying low over the water, or by dipping the abdomen on the water surface. Some submerge themselves to lay eggs underwater. Females often die on the water surface as soon as their eggs are laid.
What special behavior does it exhibit?
In a few species, the males assemble in aerial columns several meters high into which the females fly to be mated. Within the hour, successful or not, they are all dead, and their bodies accumulate in piles on the water’s surface.
Some Mayfly species do not even lay their eggs. The whole abdomen with the eggs that it contains simply breaks off and falls into the water.
Mayflies belong to the order Ephemerida. Their scientific name refers to the very short (ephemeral) lives of adults.
How does this bug affect people?
Immature Mayflies are an important food source for fish. Many lures and artificial fishing flies are patterned after them. Anglers call the subimagos “duns” and the imagos “spinners.”
In general, Mayflies are unnoticed and not considered pests. They do not cause harm to people by transmitting disease or biting. Some problems occur when Mayflies swarm around electric lights at night. Dead Mayflies sometimes cause a foul smell in rivers or lakes.
Emergences of millions of adult Mayflies from the Great Lakes formerly left huge drifts of dead insects on sidewalks in Toledo, Chicago, and Green Bay. These huge hatches disappeared in the 1960s because the lakes had become polluted. Recently Mayfly swarms have reappeared around Lake Erie—a welcome sign that the lake has been cleaned up to healthy levels again.
AgriLIFE Extension Texas A & M System.
Attenborough, D. (2005). Life in the undergrowth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Eaton, E. K. (2007). Field guide to insects of North America. New York, NY: Houghton-Mifflin.
Leahy, C. (1987). Peterson first guide to insects of North America. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
University of Kentucky Entomology.
Waldbauer, G. (1996). Insects through the seasons. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wilsdon, C. (1998). National Audubon Society first field guide insects. New York, NY: Scholastic Inc.


The History of Shopping Bags
Walter H. Deubner ran a small grocery store in St. Paul, Minnesota, and was looking for a way to give his business a boost.
By Careful observation, he noticed that his customer's purchases were limited by what they could conveniently carry. So he set about devising a way to help them buy more purchases at one time. It took him four years to develop the right solution: a prefabricated package, inexpensive, easy to use and strong enough to carry up to seventy-five pounds worth of groceries.
The package consisted of a paper bag with cord running through it for strength. Deubner named his new product after himself, calling it the "Deubner Shopping Bag", and sold it for five cents. Deubner patented his product and within three years, by 1915, was selling over a million shopping bags a year.
Early Stages of Shopping Bags:
These early bags, flat in design and originally from the twisted cone, evolved into square and oblong shapes. The simple construction consisted of two side seams, or one center seam and one bottom seam. Bags with extended sides or gussets followed, with center ream and a pasted flat bottom, and evolved into the popular patent bag, square with a block bottom. This design allowed for a large quantity of goods to be carried. These three designs (the flat, gusset, and patent) remain the basic forms of construction of shopping bags today.
The early bag-making machines simply folded and pasted a continues flat tube from a reel of paper, then cut the tube into a variety of lengths. One end of each bag was pasted by hand. Later machines combined the operations, thus eliminating all hand work. The addition of a pair of handles produced the carrier bag, or shopping bag as we now know it. Various types of handles were used at first: a cord passing through a pair of washers at the mouth of each side of the bag; a cord running the entire length of the bag across the bottom and back up the opposite side, forming loops at the mouth on both sides; or twine pasted between cardboard strips and the interior of the bag's mouth.


Drought and flood impact plan finalised
Flanders has finalised its plan to address future droughts as well as flooding, taking measures that will be necessary as climate change takes hold
Summer was ‘proof positive’
The plan is the result of a consultation organised by the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, together with environment minister Joke Schauvliege. This process began after unusually high rainfall in 2016, and continued as drought set in during 2017.
“This summer has proven how necessary this plan is,” said Schauvliege, taking delivery of the report this week. “Even now it is still extremely dry, and, despite the rainfall this week, it’s clear that this is absolutely not enough to top-up the low water supplies.”
The plan draws together opinions from civil servants, researchers and the farming, horticultural and food processing industries. It contains policy recommendations in five areas.
Governments must co-operate
First, alternative water sources need to be mapped out, taking into account stocks available today and how they can best be used. This should include the opportunities for stocking rainwater and for cleaning and re-using wastewater and drainage water, for example.
Second, the regulatory framework could be more effective. “We are thinking of the co-ordination between policy plans at different levels of government and between the various policy domains,” said Bart Debussche, co-ordinator of the consultation. “Possible bottlenecks must be eliminated.”
Agriculture, energy and climate policies all offer opportunities for improving water security, he added. Meanwhile income fluctuations due to water scarcity or flooding need to be addressed, and there should be greater clarity on issues such as permits and charges for building buffer basins, private water wells and so on.
Treated wastewater can be used as an alternative in times of water scarcity
A third action point is to encourage farmers and growers to take measures to increase the water security on their own farms and nurseries. Fourth, there needs to be more research and knowledge sharing on good practice. Possible priorities are the development of drought-resistant plant varieties, irrigation methods and remedial measures.
Finally, farmers and growers need to be more aware about sensible, sustainable water use and water management. Demonstration projects and practical guides could play a role in this context.
The first copy of the plan was handed over to Schauvliege at frozen food company Ardo in West Flanders, chosen because of a collaboration with local farmers that uses purified waste water from the factory in nearby fields. “This co-operation between agriculture and industry around water management is unique in Flanders and a nice example of how treated wastewater can be used as an alternative in times of water scarcity,” Schauvliege said.
Photo: James Arthur Gekiere/BELGA


In the last few decades, a trend has been noticed, with respect to the outsourcing and offshoring of business processes and activities, by big business houses. Outsourcing refers to the delegation of the routine or peripheral business processes to some external organization, so as to free up their resourcesi.e. money, time and manpower, for the core activities of the business.
On the contrary, offshoring can be understood as the is a type of outsourcing whereby the business process or services is relocated or shifted in a different country, with the aim of taking advantage of lower costs. The line of demarcation between the two is subtle, but they are different terms. You can find the important differences between outsourcing and offshoring below.
Content: Outsourcing Vs Offshoring
|Basis for Comparison||Outsourcing||Offshoring|
|Meaning||Outsourcing is the assignment of business peripheral operations to an external organization.||Offshoring refers to the relocation of business processes in a different country.|
|What it implies?||Shifting operations to third party.||Shifting activities or offices.|
|Objective||Focus on core business activities||Lower labor cost|
|Function performed by||Non-employees||Employees of the organization|
|Location||Within or outside the country.||Outside the country.|
Definition of Outsourcing
Outsourcing (Outside resourcing), also regarded as subcontracting, is a process whereby the business organisations transfer or delegate their non-core or peripheral activities to the external organisations (service providers). Such outside parties are specialised in performing that operation and hence does it efficiently.
The companies use this tool for the purpose of increasing focus on those activities in which it can do best. Therefore, the rest activities are outsourced by the big multinational corporations that include manufacturing, payroll, customer service, maintenance of statutory records and so on.
Outsourcing is not limited to the domestic country, but foreign contracting is also allowed. Outsourcing can be Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) or Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO). The benefits of outsourcing are as follows:
- Reduce operating cost
- Improvement in quality
- Focus on main business activities
- Access to highly qualified skill pool.
Definition of Offshoring
Offshoring is defined as the shifting of business activities in a country other than the home country where the resources can be cheaply available to the enterprise which will ultimately reduce the company’s overall cost. It may mean, moving the company’s production house or service centres or the company’s routine operations, overseas.
The company seeks to shift their business from a developed nation to a developing nation, in order to get the advantage of low labor costs, lenient laws, less government interference, cheap availability of resources, less tax rate and much more.
For the past few years, it has been observed that offshoring has emerged as a developmental factor for the economically unsound countries as it increases the countries Gross Domestic Product (GDP), infrastructural development and reduction in the rate of unemployment. Although it suffers from a number of disadvantages like language such as communication barriers etc.
Key Differences Between Outsourcing and Offshoring
The major differences between outsourcing and offshoring are explained below:
- Outsourcing refers to the transfer of non-core business activities to another organization who got specialization in that work. Offshoring refers to the moving of the company’s business to any other country, where the cost of running such business is lower than the home country.
- Outsourcing involves shifting business operations to external parties. Conversely, Offshoring involves shifting of activities and offices.
- The objective of outsourcing business activities is to focus on the core activities of the company. On the other hand, offshoring is performed to minimize the cost.
- Outsourcing is performed by non-employees, but Offshoring is performed by employees of the business entity.
- Outsourcing may be performed within or outside the country. Although, in offshoring, the shifting of business to another country is a must.
Using outsourcing and even offshoring activities for a call center is in vogue since last decade. When the outsourcing of any business operation, at a place other than the business’s origin, can be termed as offshoring. The business organization can decide itself that how they want to use these practices, i.e. singly or in combination. Sometimes, offshoring can also be termed as a subset of outsourcing.


They call it “Accelerated Learning” because you learn faster when you’re relaxed, interested, motivated, and learning in your particular Learning Style. But they should really call it “Authentic Learning” because the principles of “Accelerated Learning” aren’t really tricks or hacks to make our brains remember more faster, they are simply excellent learning methods that we should always be employing in all of our learning.
When you hear the words “Accelerated Learning” for example, perhaps you think that if you just perform the right actions at the right times, you’ll double or triple your memory ability. This is only partially true. While there are some things that we can do to dramatically increase our memory ability in a short time, they are not tricks and they are not secrets.
In fact, there’s a reason why we say that children’s brains are as absorbent as sponges. The way children naturally learn is in the “Accelerated Learning” (or “Authentic Learning” style). When children learn, they are using all of their senses, relaxed and enjoying the material, and putting it to immediate use after learning it.
Unfortunately for adults however, somehow in the process of growing up and becoming “educated” many of us have come to the wrong conclusions about learning: that it’s difficult, no fun, and entirely book-based (and that we must read books entirely word-by-word, cover-to-cover to learn). But if we observe children, and if we attune our minds toward learning like children, we may also find that our brains are far more capable than we’d originally thought.
The Truth about Learning and Memory
Here is the truth about learning and memory. We can remember:
- only 20% of what we read
- 30% of what we hear
- 40% of what we see
- 50% of what we say
- 60% of what we do
- a whopping 90% of what we see, hear, say, and do
So, how can we combine more of our senses to learn? This is also why children’s games and activities that include phrases, songs, and body actions are so effective for children’s learning. Not only is it fun, but it involves body, brain, ears, eyes, and mouths. Granted, as we get older and become more “sophisticated” this multi-sensory learning method that we do with children tends to fall by the wayside, but why should it? Just because we feel too “dignified” to sing and dance and learn doesn’t mean there aren’t other ways to get our bodies and brains in sync as we learn, reflect, and think.
A Body in Motion
Take a look at the lives of some of the greatest composers of all time, for example. Oliver Burkeman for the Guardian newspaper has reported on some of the daily habits of history’s most creative minds:
There’s no shortage of evidence to suggest that walking – especially walking in natural settings, or just lingering amid greenery, even if you don’t actually walk much – is associated with increased productivity and proficiency at creative tasks.
This is particularly true of some of history’s greatest composers – Beethoven, Mahler, Erik Satie, and Tchiakovsky, as Mason Currey discovered in his book (that Burkeman reviewed) Daily Rituals: How Great Minds Make Time, Find Inspiration, and Get to Work: How Artists Work. Of Tchiakovsky, he writes:
[He] believed he had to take a walk of exactly two hours a day and that if he returned even a few minutes early, great misfortunes would befall him.
There are a number of reasons why getting up and moving around – walking, exercising, or just getting away from your desk – are beneficial:
- Bodily motion activates different parts of your brain and enables you to use more of your brain at once or in close correlation with what you’re learning.
- You have a tendency to be less distracted when your body is in motion.
- The greater brain activation and less distraction avails your mind to more creative thoughts and inspiration.
- Taking a break to get up and move and later return to review and continue learning your subject enables you to more quickly transfer what you’re learning into your long-term memory.
Learn Faster by Doing It More Often
In fact, most people find it difficult to fully concentrate on a task for more than about 20-30 minutes at a time. And research indicates that we remember best what we learn at both the Beginning and the End of a learning session, but the in-between can become muddied – particularly if we focus too long on a particular thing.
Therefore, it just makes sense to take breaks during our learning. Not only will we activate more of our brains by getting up and walking around, but we will also create more Beginnings and more Endings in our learning sessions. This will make each session more memorable, as well as give us an opportunity to briefly review the previous session before moving on.
Some of the best advice I ever received about improving yourself in a certain area was from Jim Rohn:
If you want to get better at anything, do it more often. Don’t do it longer, do it more often.
Recently, I’ve been doing a lot of study related to Accelerated Learning. I find it fascinating (and promising) to think that I can double or triple my memory retention and learning speed! So, here are a few things I’ve been working on lately to help (each of these will become the focus of a blog post at some time in the future):
- Coupling Auditory Learning with Physical Exercise (riding my bike to work while listening to books on tape)
- Finding and Focusing on my Personal Learning Style
- Breaking up both my Physical and Intellectual Workouts into more Sessions (requiring less time per Session) throughout the Day
- Using my Alarm to Set 10:00 Timers for Brief Review and Preview Sessions for Various Subjects
- Using my “Downtime” to Review
- Momentum is Focused Intensity and Perseverance over Time
I’ve personally always felt like I had a great memory (near photographic in some instances). But to think that I could make it even better really encourages me learn and share as much as I can on this subject (actually, Teaching what you’re Learning as you’re Learning it is another secret to improved memory retention).


Imagine you are walking on the street and step on dog poop. You then see the owner strolling away with the dog, without a care in the world.
Would you say that the dog owner is a selfish person and what they did is ‘bad’?
Are you able to understand why they decided not to pick the poop after the dog, without any judgment or blame? And would you say that you can have empathy towards this person?
In this blog post, I would like to talk about separating judgment from observation and deconstructing the concept of empathy. Doing so, helped me understand the character behavior in Twelve Minutes, and shape their reactions to express their humanity better, allowing the player to more easily relate to them.
Until recently, I would have been angry at the dog owner and frame their behavior as wrong, labeling them as a person with no respect for others. If confronting them, I would blame them for my frustration and not consider they might believe that what they did is not a problem.
This is how I was taught to react, and how most of us have been raised.
Following this logic, if the dog owner is ‘wrong,’ that means picking the dog poop is the ‘right’ thing to do.
If someone does something ‘bad,’ that usually follows with punishment, in the same way, that if you do something ‘good,’ you’ll be rewarded.
Another example is the academical education system. Good and bad grades, good and bad students. Get an A+, and you are happy to see the teacher being appreciative and glad, get an F, and you feel sad to have disappointed him.
Now let’s simplify this even further and look at a 3-year-old playing with another toddler.
They want the toy the other kid has (because it’s fluffy) and so they take it by force, and the other kid starts to cry.
Would you say that the 3-year-old is ‘bad’?
It’s more difficult to blame a toddler because their ignorance is apparent and their behavior is more primal. So we tend to ‘forgive’ them more easily, which is another form of judgment. Unlike the dog poop example, it should be more evident that the 3-year-old is neither ‘good’ or ‘bad’, they just haven’t learned a different way to get what they want.
So if a parent reacts in an authoritative voice saying “That’s wrong! Give that back!”, they’re not only judging the toddler based on their education of what is ‘right’ or ‘wrong,’ but it’s a demand that only allows the 3-year-old to submit or rebel.
If someone perceives you as coercive, their capacity to respond compassionately to the request is diminished. The toddler will feel that they are being blamed or punished if they don’t comply.
The most powerful way to communicate that we are making a genuine request is to empathize with people when they don’t agree to their request.
A parent, as the principal advisor to the child, could instead explain to the toddler that their actions, while fulfilling their immediate need for play and control, are also pushing the other kid away. And doing so, the 3-year-old need for participation and trust will no longer be met (e.g.the other kid will no longer want to play with them if they don’t know how to share).
What is empathy?
So why did the toddler take the toy?
Ignorance. Ignorance of how their choices might be negating other people’s needs. It can be:
- Lack of awareness of the consequences of our actions
- Inability to see how our needs may be met without injury to others
- The belief that we have the right to punish or hurt others because they ‘deserve’ it.
- Delusional thinking (e.g. hearing a voice that instructs us to kill someone).
And if we judge/blame them before trying to understand why, they will likely defend themselves.
Empathy requires you to shed your judgment, your moral views, and be able to connect with the person needs, independently from how you were raised to evaluate them. Empathy is when we listen to the others to understand what they are needing.
It is not easy, especially when dealing with people that appear to have more power status or resources (since we are more likely to hear judgments from them), but that allows us to understand the reasoning behind their behavior.
As a side note, I would like to mention that it’s useful to have a definition of what we can and cannot do when living in society. What I’m focusing on is before our ‘automated defense system’ kicks in, to understand where it’s coming from, and that maybe that lesson we learned when we were 3-years-old might be out-of-date.
Also, if you want to learn more about Non-Violent Communication, this video is an excellent starting point.
Empathy in Twelve Minutes
So how are we applying these principles to the project?
Since the puzzle and narrative are locked, the writers are focusing on the emotional branches of the characters and how they interact.
I’m now able to understand when a character is using violent communication (judging/blaming/praising) or if he is listening to your needs. This insight allows us to understand the repercussions of the way they express themselves and be able to change it, to fit with our goals.
In practical terms it means we look at how a character is saying something, and shape it for you to feel more connected or not, independently from the concrete content of the message.
I’ve been doing this with colors, shapes, and forms for over ten years, but having the same clarity for emotions is brand new.
For the player character, we are making sure they can mirror what the user is experiencing in the context of the narrative (e.g., If you have gone through ten consecutive loops trying to solve a specific problem, have the character understand your frustration with the lack of progress).
Also, most player dialog choices are as emotionally neutral as possible, focusing on asking/giving information, to avoid the ‘Why did they phrase it that way.’ scenarios.
And if those answers cannot be neutral (e.g., a heated argument), then we make sure to understand the feelings behind each character reasoning, so the player character might express himself differently from how you would, but you still understand and relate with their point of view.
On top of this, we are looking for opportunities that allow you to express empathy towards your wife (and any other NPC) and vice-versa. There is no ‘kiss wife’ button, but we want to have small organic meaningful actions that allow you to connect emphatically with the wife if you choose to do so.
The final goal is that hopefully you can feel the humanity in these digital actors and be able to care about what happens to them.
It has been six months since the last development update, and after receiving some emails asking if the game is still in development, here is a small update on that front.
Production is going relatively smoothly.
I spent the last months stabilizing/playing the build and taking notes to have a better picture of where the project is. This process helped me figure out what I hope is the last major puzzle, that ties the whole experience together, as well as having a more accurate roadmap of what is left to do (a lot!).
On the audio side, we’ve finally started to implement sounds effects and music. We’ve recorded some more mocap animations (still a lot to go), and on the art side we no longer have any temp assets, but rather iterating on current ones.
I also want to say for the future, that the development is not going to stop anytime soon and if it does, I’ll say something about it.
The primary goal of this blog is to share insights and lessons learned throughout the development that ideally are relevant outside the scope of this project, so if we are in full production, there isn’t much more to say other than that we are all hard at work!


Meat industry shifts to broader detection strategies
Metal detection is a fairly common activity for meat and poultry processors, but more processors are moving away from using metal detection alone and using X-ray systems for broader foreign-object detection.
For example, metal detection and X-ray inspection systems are used in every one of OSI Group’s operations.
“We use them to screen for meat, bones and other foreign objects in raw material — fresh and frozen — ground product, formed product and full cases of finished product,” says Larry Glaser, OSI’s assistant vice president, director of operations support. “We also use X-rays for check weighing, defect elimination and product diameter measuring.”
X-rays and metal detectors are typically used at the end of the process to ensure the safety of the finished product. More recently, manufactures are placing them upstream in the process.
“They are used on meat trimmings prior to the break grind or on frozen blocks,” says Sharon Birkett, OSI’s vice president of North American quality and food protection. “In these two examples, finding the metal before grinding, it saves in many ways. It saves the grinding equipment from getting damaged, it saves downstream equipment from damage and lastly it saves a company from throwing out product that may be contaminated from the metal.”
West Liberty Foods uses a metal detector on every line, and most products are scanned twice to be safe and to limit exposure in processing, says Lee Johnson, the company’s vice president of technical services. West Liberty typically does not use X-ray detection for metal, but does for bone, particularly in chicken products.
“We use X-ray in a couple of different forms looking for bones,” Johnson explains. “We have an inline process that inspects all of our raw materials as we’re receiving them and then we have done some experimenting with piping systems where we have X-rays in pipes that would inspect raw materials as they are coming in.”
With a piping system, product goes through a pipe, which is out of view, and less product is removed if a problematic area occurs, he says.
“A lot of guys like that because you can lose a lot of yield the more it conveys, and it probably saves a little money,” Johnson says.
OSI has moved toward X-ray systems given their sensitivity and broader detection capabilities; however, Glaser feels some applications still work better with a metal detector.
“We think that in the future we will specify using both to ensure all foreign objects are detected and eliminated,” he says.
Two key components exist to today’s X-ray systems: the generator/detector and the computer processor.
“Both systems are evolving with dual signal/power systems and faster processing speeds,” Glaser says. “The computer algorithms are also getting more sophisticated, providing better analysis of the signal from the X-ray system. In addition to X-ray and metal detectors, you also have the entire range of vision systems, including UV, near infrared, lasers and cameras that are used to identify and provide a signal to remove a foreign object.”
Detecting bone fragments, plastics (hard and flexible), rubber and wood continues to be a challenge. All of the detection systems are identifying foreign objects indirectly, meaning characteristics such as density, conductivity and color are used to assume a foreign object is present. In turn, some defects are missed because of masking the specific foreign object’s characteristic.
Increasing the system’s sensitivity also can create false rejects. Fortunately, the evolution of inspection systems has led to more reliable electronics, faster computer processors, smaller and more sensitive sensors, and more intuitive algorithms, Glaser says.
“Better sensitivity, faster speeds, greater throughputs and multiple capabilities are in the future,” he says. “One area that I hope will evolve in these systems is the data management capabilities of the technology. These systems can count, weigh and measure many dimensions in real time, and with a little help from a control system, broadcast product conditions and data to the operators and managers as the product is being screened. This allows for real-time management and quicker response to process improvement.”
One of the challenges of X-ray is the cost of equipment, but X-ray will continue to come down in costs as the demand increases for the equipment.
“With X-ray, there are some systems right now that can detect much better than others,” says Donna Schaffner, associate director for quality assurance, food safety and training for the Rutgers Food Innovation Center, in Bridgeton, N.J. “They have a more complicated algorithm and screen from different directions, so you are more likely to find something like a piece of wire. That’s something right now that isn’t available except in your most expensive pieces of equipment. The challenge for people building this equipment is to make this more affordable, so it’s not just the high-end equipment, and that it’s readily available for all the price points.”
Another challenge for companies that run various products of different densities through detectors is changing sensitivity settings on instruments and validating that they can actually find foreign objects with the different settings, Schaffner says.
“A lot of times companies don’t really understand that, for example, testing the function on a metal detector is not just a matter of putting the Teflon into the opening with your hand with no product running,” she explains. “It’s not the same as validating in the middle of the product stream that you would still pick up that size piece of metal. Sometimes companies haven’t actually validated that they could find that size piece of metal in all their products … Monitoring, verification and validation are three separate issues, and sometimes companies get those mixed up.”
While technology continues to improve, given the different types of foreign materials, X-ray is not the final solution in detection.
“X-ray is a great addition to the detection family, but is limited by density of the foreign material,” Birkett says. “The best system is to prevent the foreign matter from entering the product stream through diligence in vendor management, process monitoring, preventative maintenance and encouraging open communication so employees feel empowered to speak up when something feels, sounds or looks different.”
Johnson agrees the challenges are people following procedures and attention to detail on the operation floor.
“With a basic good housekeeping preparatory program that prevents all that foreign material actually entering into the product stream, you can eliminate 99.9 percent of it that way,” Johnson says. “Theoretically, you can eliminate all of it that way, and that’s the challenge.”


Via dailymail.co.uk LISA RYAN
- Scientists revealed swapping solid fats for avocado boosts your health
- Eating avocado ‘significantly reduces’ cholesterol levels, study found
- Lowering cholesterol and cutting out solid fats helps with weight loss
- And, high cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
- As a result, avocados reduce the risk of heart disease, scientists said
They are a great addition to a salad or smoothie.
But for many, the avocado has come to be seen as a guilty pleasure.
Though classed as a fruit, it is not typical in the fact that rather than being high in carbohydrate, avocados are high in fat.
Fat has long been hailed the dietary enemy number one, but as the tables turn and the scientific spotlight shines more acutely on sugar, so the benefits of the humble avocado are being realised.
A new study has revealed adding the green fruit to your diet can aid weight loss.
Furthermore, the fruit reduces a person’s risk of heart disease, according to scientists from the Hass Avocado Board, in California.
Emiliano Escobedo, executive director, said: ‘This study supports the body of research showing the many benefits that fresh avocados have to offer when consumed in everyday healthy eating plans.’
The findings fall in line with recent recommendations from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
The guidelines stated that making small shifts in food choices can make a difference – including shifting from solid fats to oils, such as the oil in fresh avocados.
The new study, published in the Journal of Clinical Lipidology, confirmed that swapping solid fats for avocados can ‘significantly change lipid profiles’. READ FULL ARTICLE…


By Br. Francis Maluf, M.I.C.M.
Also available as MP3 downloads
The study of knowledge itself. How does man know and what is it that is known? Most modern errors are initially epistemological. Sometimes called "major logic" or the "theory of knowledge", epistemology is much needed in our age because, in general, most modern philosophies such as: skepticism, uncritical dogmatism, positivism, scientism, materialism, phenomenalism, etc labor within an atmosphere of epistemological error. Epistemology is to metaphysics what apologetics is to theology: it gives the mind confidence in it's competency to know the immaterial or spiritual realities, as well as a knowledge of the limits of that competency. This course precedes ontology.
Listen to the first class.
Introductory Course, Logic, Cosmology, Psychology, Ethics, Greek Philosophy, Polemics, Epistemology, and Ontology
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S: The Holocaust
FC: Hitler and the Jewish (difference of their symbols)
1: The picture above this is a Star Of David. The picture to the side of this is a Swastika.
2: This is the Swastika. Used by Hilter.
3: Both of these Symbols are Special to their own group. They can be used together but often are not because of war between the groups. | This is the Star Of David.
4: It was used at least 5,000 years before Adolf Hitler designed the Nazi flag. The word Swastika comes from the Sanskrit Svastika, which means “good fortune” or “well-being. "Swastikas also have an ancient history in Europe, appearing on artifacts from pre-Christian European cultures. In the beginning of the twentieth century the swastika was widely used in Europe. It had numerous meanings, the most common being a symbol of good luck. However, the work of Schliemann soon was taken up by vlkisch movements, for whom the swastika was a symbol of “Aryan identity” and German nationalist The Nazi party, however, was not the only party to use the swastika in Germany.
5: Anthropologists claim that the triangle pointing downward represents female, and the triangle pointing upward, male; thus, their combination symbolizes unity and harmony. In alchemy, the two triangles symbolize *"fire" and *"water"; together, they represent the reconciliation of opposites.. The earliest known Jewish use of the hexagram was as a seal in ancient Israel (6th century B.C.E.).


This month’s curricular competency focus is communicate mathematical thinking in many ways. This curricular competency is the same across grades K-9 and is included in the Grades 10-12 courses as “explain and justify mathematical ideas and decisions in many ways“.
This competency falls under the organizer of “Communicating and Representing” which includes the following related competencies:
Elaborations are suggestions for educators to consider as they plan for developing this curricular competency:
- communicate using concrete, pictorial and symbolic forms
- use spoken or written language to express, describe, explain, justify and apply mathematical ideas
- use technology for communication purposes such as screencasting and digital photography and videography
There are clear connections between the Core Competency of Communication with this grouping of curricular competencies. A one-page table showing the language of both types of competencies can be downloaded here:
An important part of communicating mathematical thinking in many ways is to be able to use different forms such as concrete (materials or math manipulatives), pictorial (drawings, diagrams, tallies) or symbolic forms (numerals and symbols).
An example from primary classrooms of how students may move from concrete to symbolic notations is with the use of materials such as base ten blocks. Students may communicate their understanding of numbers by creating that number with materials and then recording the symbolic notation. The following are some examples from a grades 2&3 classroom at Cook Elementary that show how children used concrete, pictorial and symbolic forms to help them solve and communicate their solutions for mathematical problems.
As students begin to understand a concept, such as multiplication, they usually construct a representation with materials to build understanding. These representation may then be recorded pictorially and then labels are added using symbolic notation. This fluency between forms is important and the connections between representations is essential to conceptual understanding. A student may be presented with a symbolic form (such as an equation) and asked to show a concrete form or pictorial form that “matches”. The following are examples from a grades 2&3 classroom at Tomsett Elementary.
For our intermediate and secondary students, it is still important to be using concrete materials, especially when students are developing their understanding of a new concept such as fractions, decimals, or integers. The following are examples from a grades 4&5 classroom at Homma Elementary
and also more fraction investigations with a grades 4&5 class at Steves.
In our curriculum, the terms “concrete, pictorial and symbolic” are used in ways for students to think about concepts but also to communicate and represent their thinking. In some other jurisdictions around the world, the term CRA is used to reference an instructional approach to concept development, standing for Concrete, Representational and Abstract. More information can be found HERE. There is some overlap between the the CRA framework and how our curriculum focuses on concrete, pictorial and symbolic communication of mathematical thinking and understanding.
Another area of focus in our district is using iPad technology for students to communicate their thinking and learning. One of the most common uses of the devices in math is to use screen casting apps such as doceri, ShowMe, Explain Everything or 30Hands. When students screencast, they can take a photograph or video of what they are doing and then annotate with arrows, words etc and then orally describe their problem-solving process or thinking. For example, in a grade 8 class at Hugh Boyd Secondary, students took images of number balances they used to develop their understanding of equivalence in algebraic equations and then communicated their thinking by orally explaining their understanding.
Some questions to consider as you plan for learning opportunities to develop the competency of communicating mathematical thinking in many ways:
How is the core competency of communication noticed, named and nurtured during the teaching and learning of mathematics?
What different materials are students learning to use, think through and represent with? What materials are mathematically structured and what other types of materials might we offer to students?
What opportunities are we providing for students to share their thinking in different ways? Are students provided with choices and is there a balance in the different ways students can communicate their mathematical thinking?
How might technology provide access for students or transform the way they are able to communicate their mathematical thinking?


Sept. 8, 1900: Galveston, Texas, is destroyed
by a massive hurricane and storm surge, with at least 7,000 fatalities. The resort and seaport city rebuilds over the wreckage behind a new seawall that is 10 miles long, 17 feet high, and 16 feet thick.
Sept. 8, 1983:
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) adds the upper Hudson River
to its Superfund toxic cleanup list due to PCB pollution from two closed General Electric factories.
Sept. 8, 2008:
Tom Friedman (at right), the Pulitzer Prize-winning New York Times columnist, releases his book, "Hot, Flat and Crowded
." Friedman assesses the growing environmental threat, and proposes global, green-economy-based solutions. "There is only one thing bigger than Mother Nature and that is Father Profit."
Sept. 8, 2012:
Scientists report that Arctic summer sea ice is melting
at “amazing speed.” Ice cover is estimated to be 18% less than the previous low year in 2007.
Photo: Alex Wong/Getty Images


Presentation on theme: "Chapter 4 Motion in Two Dimensions EXAMPLES. Example 4.1 Driving off a cliff. y i = 0 at top, y is positive upward. Also v yi = 0 How fast must the motorcycle."— Presentation transcript:
Example 4.1 Driving off a cliff. y i = 0 at top, y is positive upward. Also v yi = 0 How fast must the motorcycle leave the cliff to land at x = 90 m, y = – 50 m Unknown: v xi = ? Formulas: v y = gt x = v xi t y = ½gt 2 Time to Bottom: v xi = x/t = 90.0m/3.19s v xi = 28.2 m/s
Example 4.2 Kicked football Given: θ i = 37º, v i = 20 m/s v xi = v i cosθ i = 16 m/s & v yi = v i sinθ i = 12 m/s Find a. Max height (h) ? b. Time when hits ground? c. Total distance traveled in the x direction (R) ? d. Velocity at top? e. Acceleration at top? v yi v xi vivi
Example 4.3 Where Does The Apple Land? A child sits in a wagon, moving to the right (x-direction) at constant velocity v ox. She throws an apple straight up (from her viewpoint) with initial velocity v oy while she continues to travel forward at v ox Neglect air resistance. Will the apple land behind the wagon, in front of the wagon, or in the wagon?
Example 4.3 Cont. The apple will stay above the girl the entire trip and will land in the wagon. The reason is: To a person in the ground reference frame (b) the apple will be exactly a projectile in motion (neglecting air resistance). To the girl it is an object in free fall. And the Vertical motion of a projectile and free fall are the same.
Example 4.4 Wrong Strategy (Similar to Example 4.3 Text Book) “Shooting the Monkey”!! A boy on a small hill aims his water-balloon slingshot horizontally, straight at a second boy hanging from a tree branch a distance d away. At the instant the water balloon is released, the second boy lets go an fall from the tree, hopping to avoid being hit. Show that he made the wrong move (He hadn’t studied Physics yet!!)
Example 4.4 Cont. “ Shooting the Monkey”!! Both the water balloon and the boy in the tree start falling at the same time, and in a time t they each fall the same vertical distance y = ½gt 2 In the same time it takes the water balloon to travel the horizontal distance d, the balloon will have the same y position as the falling boy. Splash!!! If the boy had stayed in the tree, he would have avoided the humiliation
Example 4.5 That’s Quite an Arm Non-Symmetric Projectile Motion Example 4.4 (text book), page 84 Follow the general rules for projectile motion Break the y-direction into parts up and down or symmetrical back to initial height and then the rest of the height May be non-symmetric in other ways
Example 4.5 Cont. Given: θ i = 30º, v i = 20 m/s (A) v xi = v i cosθ i = 17.3 m/s and v yi = v i sinθ i = 10.0 m/s At t = 0 : x i = 0 y i = 0 Find: t = ? (time at which the stone hits the ground) with y f = – 45.0m Using: y f = v yi t – ½gt 2 – 45.0m = (10.0m/s)t – (4.90m/s 2 )t 2 Solving for t using General Quadratic Formula: t = 4.22 s (B) v xi = v xf = 17.3 m/s and v yf = v yi – gt v yf = 10.0m/s – (9.80m/s 2 )(4.22s) v yf = ̶ 31.4m/s
Example 4.6 The End of the Ski Jump Example 4.5 (text book), page 85 Given the figure of the ski jumper, find the distance d traveled along the incline. 1. Coordinates x and y at the end: 2. From the figure:
Example 4.6 Cont. 3. Equating (1) = (3) and (2) = (4) 4. Dividing (6) by (5): 5. Substitution of (7) in (5) and solving for d: 6. Substitution of d into (3) and (4), gives the coordinates:
Example 4.7 The Centripetal Acceleration of the Earth Calculate a c of the Earth, assuming it moves in a circular orbit around the Sun. Note that a c << g
Material from the book to Study!!! Objective Questions: 1-4-6 Conceptual Questions: 5-6-7 Problems: 2-4-6-10-11-21-27 Material for the Midterm