Écrivait aussi en français et en latin Roi d'Angleterre et d'Irlande. Francis is portrayed in Diane Haeger's novel Courtesan about Diane de Poitiers and Henri II. From 22 June to 7 July 1815, Bonapartists considered Napoleon II as the legitimate heir to the throne, his father having abdicated in his favor. Fleets were sent to the Americas and the Far East, and close contacts were developed with the Ottoman Empire permitting the development of French Mediterranean trade as well as the establishment of a strategic military alliance. The British Embassy in Democratic Republic of the Congo maintains and develops relations between the UK and DRC. Each of Francis' projects was luxuriously decorated both inside and out. Francis was also renowned as a man of letters. Following the assassination of his third son, the childless Henry III, and the premature death of his fourth son Hercule François, France was plunged into a succession crisis over which distant cousin of the king would inherit the throne.  Militarily and diplomatically, Francis' reign was a mixed bag of success and failure.  Francis and Henry were both obsessed with dreams of power and chivalric glory; their relationship featured intense personal and dynastic rivalry. Louis XVI's son had been considered by monarchists as Louis XVII but he was never crowned and never ruled in his own right before his own death. The largest of Francis' building projects was the reconstruction and expansion of the Château de Fontainebleau, which quickly became his favourite place of residence, as well as the residence of his official mistress, Anne, Duchess of Étampes. Francis appears as the patron of Benvenuto Cellini in the 1843 French novel L'Orfèvre du roi, ou Ascanio by Alexandre Dumas, père. Martin Luther's preaching and writing sparked the Protestant Reformation, which spread through much of Europe, including France. Inspiration pour des voyages à Londres, en Angleterre, en Ecosse, au Pays de Galles et en Irlande du Nord. 1400-1600)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Articles with failed verification from May 2013, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Louise (19 August 1515 – 21 September 1517): died young; engaged to, Clough, C.H., "Francis I and the Courtiers of Castiglione’s Courtier. Francis I ( French: François Ier; Middle French: Francoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. Today the town lies in the department of Charente. De très nombreux exemples de phrases traduites contenant "roi d'Angleterre" – Dictionnaire anglais-français et moteur de recherche de traductions anglaises. Play/Pause 16 mars 2021  The two powers colluded against Charles V, and in 1543 they even combined for a joint naval assault in the Siege of Nice. This time Francis managed to hold off the forces of Charles V and Henry VIII. Following Anne's death, the marriage took place on 18 May 1514. The couple had seven children: On 7 July 1530, Francis I married his second wife Eleanor of Austria, This initiated the first records of vital statistics with filiations available in Europe. The repudiation of the Treaty of Madrid led to the War of the League of Cognac of 1526–30. Francis I willingly joined this anti-Imperial league in May 1526. From 21 January 1793 to 8 June 1795, Louis XVI's son Louis-Charles was the titular King of France as Louis XVII; in reality, however, he was imprisoned in the Temple throughout this duration, and power was held by the leaders of the Republic. The story of his mission is not without interest" in, Robert J. Knecht, "'Born between two women...'Jules Michelet and Francis I. He was a recurring character in the Showtime series The Tudors, opposite Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Henry VIII and Natalie Dormer as Anne Boleyn. , Under the reign of Francis I, France became the first country in Europe to establish formal relations with the Ottoman Empire and to set up instruction in the Arabic language under the guidance of Guillaume Postel at the Collège de France.. They used the title "Emperor of the French".. In his struggle against Imperial hegemony, Francis sought the support of Henry VIII of England at the Field of the Cloth of Gold. The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. The best claimant, King Henry III of Navarre, was a Protestant, and thus unacceptable to much of the French nobility.  The Salic Law prevented women from inheriting the throne. In August 843 the Treaty of Verdun divided the Frankish realm into three kingdoms, one of which (Middle Francia) was short-lived; the other two evolved into France (West Francia) and, eventually, Germany (East Francia). ", "Francois I, hoping that Morocco would open up to France as easily as Mexico had to Spain, sent a commission, half commercial and half diplomatic, which he confided to one Pierre de Piton. Entreprise non montrée | Londres | Stage, Finance, Anglais, Allemand, Espagnol. Major acts of violence continued, as when Francis ordered the execution of one of the historical pre-Lutheran groups, the Waldensians, at the Massacre of Mérindol in 1545. Francis was portrayed by Peter Gilmore in the comedy film Carry On Henry charting the fictitious two extra wives of Henry VIII (including Marie cousin of King Francis). Divisions in Christianity in Western Europe during Francis' reign created lasting international rifts. Clovis Ier (465-481-511), 1er roi de France. The Valois line looked strong on the death of Henry II, who left four male heirs.  In 1541, Francis sent Jean-François de Roberval to settle Canada and to provide for the spread of "the Holy Catholic faith. A member of the family, Rudolph (Raoul), was elected "King of the Franks" in 923. Therefore, the four-year-old Francis (who was already Count of Angoulême after the death of his own father two years earlier) became the heir presumptive to the throne of France in 1498 and was vested with the title of Duke of Valois.  Claude was heir presumptive to the Duchy of Brittany through her mother, Anne of Brittany. The Bourbon Restoration came to an end with the July Revolution of 1830 which deposed Charles X and replaced him with Louis Philippe I, a distant cousin with more liberal politics. Inspired by our Church of England foundation, the University’s mission is to pursue excellence … Le français en France et en Angleterre », Cahiers de recherches médiévales et humanistes [En ligne], Recensions par année de publication, mis en ligne le 26 juin 2008, consulté le 07 avril 2021. The death of Charles IV started the Hundred Years' War between the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet later the House of Lancaster over control of the French throne. Not only did he expand the library, there is also evidence that he read the books he bought for it, a much rarer event in the royal annals. Play As. After his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon attempted to abdicate in favour of his son but the Bourbon Monarchy was re-established yet again and would continue to rule France until the July Revolution of 1830, replaced it with a cadet branch, the House of Orleans. Between the period from King Charles the Bald in 843 to King Louis XVI in 1792, France had 45 kings. Students at the Collège could study Greek, Hebrew and Aramaic, then Arabic under Guillaume Postel beginning in 1539.. Not listed below are Hugh Magnus, eldest son of Robert II, and Philip of France, eldest son of Louis VI; both were co-kings with their fathers (in accordance with the early Capetian practice whereby kings would crown their heirs in their own lifetimes and share power with the co-king), but predeceased them. The amorous exploits of Francis inspired the 1832 play by Fanny Kemble, Francis the First, and the 1832 play by Victor Hugo, Le Roi s'amuse ("The King's Amusement"), which featured the jester Triboulet, the inspiration for the 1851 opera Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi. Francis was the only son of Charles of Orléans, Count of Angoulême and Louise of Savoy, and a great-great-grandson of King Charles V of France. The branches of the dynasty which ruled after 1328, however, are generally given the specific branch names of Valois (until 1589) and Bourbon (from 1589). He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. Various pretenders descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the president of France, and of each other. He succeeded his first cousin once removed Louis XII, who died without a son. In a watershed moment in European diplomacy, Francis came to an understanding with the Ottoman Empire that developed into a Franco-Ottoman alliance. Because neither Hugh nor Philip were sole or senior king in their own lifetimes, they are not traditionally listed as Kings of France and are not given ordinals. However, Charles VIII died childless in 1498 and was succeeded by Louis XII, who himself had no male heir. Google's free service instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. - Compositeur.  It did, however, cause quite a scandal in the Christian world and was designated "the impious alliance", or "the sacrilegious union of the [French] Lily and the [Ottoman] Crescent." Thus he firmly repudiated it. Adding the 7 Emperors and Kings after the French Revolution, this comes to a total of 52 monarchs of France. Because he was never crowned he is disputed as a genuine king of France. The agreement collapsed, however, which led to Francis' final attempt on Italy in the Italian War of 1542–1546. En parallèle, puisque le mariage est célébré par une autorité britannique, il faut respecter la procédure établie par le Royaume-Uni. Francis employed agents in Italy to look for rare books and manuscripts, just as he had agents looking for art works. His academic education had been in arithmetic, geography, grammar, history, reading, spelling, and writing and he became proficient in Hebrew, Italian, Latin and Spanish. Verrazzano's letter to Francis of 8 July 1524 is known as the Cèllere Codex. He took the regnal name of Napoleon III after his uncle (Napoleon I) and his cousin (Napoleon II, who was declared but uncrowned as heir to the Imperial throne). , Francis had been much aggrieved at the papal bull Aeterni regis: in June 1481 Portuguese rule over Africa and the Indies was confirmed by Pope Sixtus IV. Si vous êtes ressortissant Français ou d'Union européenne, pour un voyage inférieur à 3 mois : > Vous n'avez pas besoin de visa pour un séjour inférieur à 3 mois au Royaume-Uni (Angleterre, Ecosse, Pays de Galles, Irlande du Nord). The alliance has been called "the first nonideological diplomatic alliance of its kind between a Christian and non-Christian empire". Fanny Arlandis In Paris, after 1540, Francis had heretics such as Etienne Dolet tortured and burned. The main line of descent from Hugh Capet is known as the House of Capet. Il mène par la suite une conquête méthodique de la Normandie entre 1417 et 1419. He is not usually counted among French monarchs, creating a gap in numbering on most traditional lists of French kings. 160.1k Followers, 42 Following, 1,847 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Algerie360.com (@algerie360) They were descended from the third son of Philip III, Charles, Count of Valois. Henri V accède au trône d'Angleterre en 1413. He was succeeded by his son, Henry II. He also invited the noted architect Sebastiano Serlio (1475–1554), who enjoyed a fruitful late career in France. Upon Louis XVII's death, his uncle Louis-Stanislas (Louis XVI's brother) claimed the throne, as Louis XVIII, but only became de facto King of France in 1814. During his reign, Francis kept two official mistresses at court. . Charles V was forced to sign the Treaty of Crépy because of his financial difficulties and conflicts with the Schmalkaldic League. Francis died at the Château de Rambouillet on 31 March 1547, on his son and successor's 28th birthday. C’…  He was also known as François au Grand Nez ('Francis of the Large Nose'), the Grand Colas, and the Roi-Chevalier (the 'Knight-King') for his personal involvement in the wars against his great rival Emperor Charles V, who was also King of Spain. The House of Bourbon would be overthrown during the French Revolution and replaced by a short-lived republic. He was thus a constant threat to Francis' kingdom. 72 were here. Francis corresponded with the abbess and philosopher Claude de Bectoz, of whose letters he was so fond that he would carry them around and show them to the ladies of his court. Together with his sister, he visited her in Tarascon. He and his court set the scene for Friedrich Schiller's ballad Der Handschuh (The Glove). During the brief period when the French Constitution of 1791 was in effect (1791–92) and after the July Revolution in 1830, the style of "King of the French" was used instead of "King of France (and Navarre)". L'intérêt de la transcription de l'acte de mariage britannique porte notamment sur l'obtention d'un passeport français pour les enfants du couple. However, throughout this period he resided in Austria, with his mother. A more acceptable agreement, called the Peace of the Ladies, eventually negotiated by Francis’ mother and Charles’ aunt in 1529. "'Barbarossa and His Army Who Came to Succor All of Us': Ottoman and French Views of Their Joint Campaign of 1543–1544. ", Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, X, no.450, "The Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots | History Today", "Habsburg, Eleonore von Oesterreich (Tochter Philipp's von Oesterreich)", House of Valois, Orléans-Angoulême branch, Provisional Government of the French Republic, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_I_of_France&oldid=1011672070, Monarchs imprisoned and detained during war, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Middle French (ca. Nevertheless, it endured for many years, since it served the objective interests of both parties. ", French trade with East Asia was initiated during the reign of Francis I with the help of shipowner Jean Ango. That line became extinct in 1328, creating a succession crisis known as the Hundred Years War. When, however, their choice of name conflicts, he declares war. Sachgruppe : Histoire de l'Europe: Andere Namen : Henri VIII (roi d'Angleterre et d'Irlande, 1491-1547) (français) Among the concessions that Francis I yielded to Charles V were the surrender of any claims to Naples and Milan in Italy. Fontainebleau, for instance, had a gushing fountain in its courtyard where quantities of wine were mixed with the water. He also claimed that the agreement was void because his sons were taken hostage with the implication that his word alone could not be trusted.
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The MMPI-2, the 2001-published revision of the original 1989 MMPI, is one of the most widely used personality tests in the field of diagnostic psychology. The test is used as one part of the process of evaluating individuals for possible mental disorders including hypochondria, depression, paranoia, and schizophrenia. As such, it is important that it is reliable and valid for use with as many individuals as possible.
The sample of individuals used to establish norms for the MMPI-2 included "1,138 males and 1,462 females between the ages of 18 and 80 from several regions and diverse communities within the U.S." The MMPI-2 has been translated into Spanish, Hmong, and Canadian French as well as the original English. Developers of the test and its revised editions have done their best to create an instrument that can be reliably used with individuals of both sexes and of color.
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The historic town of Buncrana contains many notable features. In a peaceful woodland setting on the banks of the Crana River, just across an imposing bridge is “O’Doherty’s Keep”. This authentically restored castle (more correctly a fortified residence) is a godd example of this type of construction.
Just a few kilometers south of Buncrana by way of the coast road overlooking Lough Swilly, is the village of Fahan. Historically important, the early ecclesiastical site dedicated to St. Mura is lcoated right on the roadside.
Only “St. Mura’s Cross Slab” and the remains of the old church are still standing - the imagination must be used to reconstruct to its original glory this pinnacle of the ecclesiastical hierarchy.
Inch, another distinct entity within Inishowen, is visible from Fahan. Originally a island, this placid place is now connected to the mainland by a man-made causeway.
Green fields and a proliferation of trees and woodland create a pastoral mood. Right on the southern tip of the island is “Inch Castle”. Used by the O’Doherty’s, this castle, because of its relative isolation, conveys a striking mind picture of the during which it was built. A violent and charged time, the castle itself looks torn and battered, sitting on the banks of the Swilly with Burt and Aileach visible nearby.
“Grianan of Aileach” is one of the most important sites in Inishowen. A restored ring fort, it features strongly in the mythology of Ireland. This site was used during (if not before) the Celtic period.
On an exposed hill overlooking the entire area - Inishowen, Western Donegal, Lagan Valley, Derry and Lough Swilly all can be seen from its stone walls. St. Aengus’ Church in Burt, designed by Liam McCormack, echoes its circular form.
Almost 5km from Aileach is “Burt Castle”. It is deceptive in so far as, only until one is right beside the castle that the acrchitecture and the scale of this three storey castle can really be appreciated. Stone stairwells and passages within the walls are all features of this notable castle.


The above Kalman filter formalism is under the assumptions that the system-noise process and the measurement-noise process are uncorrelated and that they are all Gaussian white noise sequences. These assumptions are adequate in solving the problems addressed in this monograph. In the case that noise processes are correlated or they are not white (i.e., colored), the reader is referred to  for the derivation of the Kalman filter equations. The numerical instability of Kalman filter implementation is well known. Several techniques are developed to overcome those problems, such as square-root filtering and U-D factorization. See  for a thorough discussion.
There exist many other methods to solve the parameter estimation problem: general minimization procedures, weighted least-squares method, and the Bayesian decision-theoretic approach. In the appendix to this chapter, we review briefly several least-squares techniques. We choose the Kalman filter approach as our main tool to solve the parameter estimation problem. This is for the following reasons:
The linearization of a nonlinear model leads to small errors in the estimates, which in general can be neglected, especially if the relative accuracy is better than 10% [16, 5]. However, as pointed by Maybank , the extended Kalman filter seriously underestimates covariance. Furthermore, if the current estimate is very different from the true one, the first-order approximation, (22 and 23), is not good anymore, and the final estimate given by the filter may be significantly different from the true one. One approach to reduce the effect of nonlinearities is to apply iteratively the Kalman filter (called the iterated extended Kalman filter).


Formaldehyde’s use as an inactivating agent in vaccines is clearly defined and well-regulated by the FDA. Formaldehyde is used to inactivate viruses so that they don’t cause disease (e.g., polio virus used to make polio vaccine) and to detoxify bacterial toxins, such as the toxin used to make diphtheria vaccine.
Furniture, Flooring, Stairs, Cabinets and More
Glues that use formaldehyde as a building block are exceptional bonding agents. For example, formaldehyde-based resins are used to manufacture composite products used extensively in cabinetry, countertops, moldings, furniture, shelving, stair systems, flooring and many other household furnishings. These items are extremely economical due to the superior bonding properties and efficient production of formaldehyde-based glues.
Cars and Trucks
From the front to the rear bumpers, formaldehyde-based materials are key to the manufacture of automobiles and are used to make components for the transmission, electrical system, engine block, door panels, axles and brake shoes, just to name a few. It's even used in the paint.
Formaldehyde-based materials are used to produce the dollar bills we spend every day, the documents we print from our computers and the ink used in books, magazines and newspapers.
In textiles, formaldehyde-based materials help bind dyes and pigments to fabrics and prevent the colors from running. These materials also help improve a fabric's resistance to wrinkles and ease clothing care and maintenance.
Formaldehyde is an important building block chemical that is vital to our economy. The wood products industry uses formaldehyde-based resins in a wide range of panel and board products, enabling efficient and economic use of wood resources. It is also important to agricultural and recreational products.
In addition, the natural gas and petroleum industries use formaldehyde-based resins in drilling operations, to increase oil and gas well yield and to improve service life. Formaldehyde-based glues help paint to adhere to surfaces, and veneer and paper overlays to adhere to particleboard.
Formaldehyde's Unique Nature
Because of its unique and versatile nature, formaldehyde cannot easily be replaced in many consumer and industrial products. Without formaldehyde as the building block, the performance and value of a broad array of products that benefit from its chemistry would be compromised. Home buyers could face increased costs and reduced performance from home construction materials ranging from hardwood plywood, particleboard and fiberboard used in housing and furniture.


Master of Saint Francis (artist)|
Umbrian, active third quarter 13th century
Saint James Minor, c. 1272
tempera on panel
painted surface: 48.3 × 22.5 cm (19 × 8 7/8 in.) overall size: 49.8 x 24.2 cm (19 5/8 x 9 1/2 in.) framed: 58.7 x 33 x 6 cm (23 1/8 x 13 x 2 3/8 in.)
Samuel H. Kress Collection
Object 2 of 8
Originally forming part of the back of an altarpiece, this panel when joined with a companion panel also in the Gallery’s collection would have shown James Minor and John the Evangelist standing under an arcade; round cuttings in the spandrels probably held glass ornaments. Other panels from this altarpiece, now in other museums, include a Madonna and the remaining apostles as well as Saint Francis. Inclusion of Saint Francis would have had particular significance for Franciscans, many of whom regarded their founder as the thirteenth apostle. In fact, the monks, who sat in the choir of the church behind the altar, were the only members of the congregation normally able to see these panels.
The artist apparently modeled the arcade and the Roman-style dress after an early Christian sarcophagus unearthed in 1262. This marble coffin was reused for the burial of the Blessed Egido, a companion of Saint Francis, in the crypt of the church of San Francesco al Prato in Perugia. Probably the two panels here were originally in the same church, placed on the altar directly above Egido's coffin.
Note how faces and folds of cloth are defined with white highlights applied over the background colors. Later works in the Gallery's collection—Giotto's Madonna and Child, for example—use a gradual and continuous blending of dark colors to re-create the realistic appearance of shadows.
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Ultrasound probes are a potential source of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, posing a new challenge for infection prevention.
HPV – The facts
HPV is a serious sexually transmitted infection that can lead to cancer. As it becomes more prevalent, patients and clinical staff are increasingly at risk from HPV cross contamination infection.
HPV is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection.2
There are around 14 million new genital HPV infections in America each year.2
High-risk HPV can cause cancer
HPV is an infectious cause of cancer, associated with 5% of all cancers worldwide.3
High-risk HPV can cause cervical cancer as well as cancer of the vulva, vagina, rectum and the penis. Intracavity ultrasound is commonly performed in these body sites and HPV can be spread by cross contamination.
Research shows that virtually all cervical cancers (more than 99%) are caused by high-risk HPV.4
In 2015 the US Cancer Society estimated that more than 4,000 women died from cervical cancer.
The risk of HPV transmission from ultrasound probes
As well as being transmitted sexually, HPV can be passed from one person to another via intracavity or surface ultrasound probes, if probes are not adequately disinfected before use. This alarming reality is backed up by clinical evidence.
Studies show that common disinfection methods, even high level disinfection (HLD) methods, don’t kill the cancer-causing HPV on ultrasound probes.5 The HPV virus can survive and remain infectious on surfaces, including medical equipment, for days or weeks, when treated with common disinfectants.6 Research shows that up to 7% of intracavity probes used in ultrasound examinations remain contaminated with high-risk HPV DNA even after low or intermediate level disinfection.7,8,9
Learn more about HPV disinfection
Studies showing susceptibility of HPV to disinfectants1,2.
In 2014 a study was conducted in testing typical hospital disinfectants against real native HPV2.The testing concluded that the following disinfectants did not kill HPV16: Ethanol; Isopropanol, GTA, OPA; Phenol; 0.25% PAA-silver. Note: whilst 1.2% PAA-silver and 0.525% Hypochlorite were shown to produce a reduction in infectivity, they are not appropriate to use as chemical disinfectants for ultrasound probes.
In a further clinical study in 2015 surface carrier tests against HPV16 and HPV18 were carried out using trophon. The testing was conducted according to manufacturers’ instructions to simulate normal clinical use conditions (concentration, time, temperature)1. trophon was shown to successfully kill HPV 16 and HPV 18.
1. Ryndock E, Robison R, Meyers C. 2015. Susceptibility of HPV16 and 18 to high level disinfectants indicated for semi-critical ultrasound probes. J Med Virol. Published online 13 Nov 2015. DOI 10.1002/jmv.24421.
2. Meyers, J., et al., Susceptibility of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 to clinical disinfectants. J Antimicrob Chemother, 2014.
The 2015 study – only trophon kills high-risk HPV16/18
- Ryndock E, Robison R, Meyers C. 2015. Susceptibility of HPV16 and 18 to high level disinfectants indicated for semi-critical ultrasound probes. J Med Virol. Published online 13 Nov 2015. DOI 10.1002/jmv.24421.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Genital HPV Infection – Fact Sheet [Internet]. 2015 [updated 2015 Feb 23; cited 2015 Mar 31]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/STD/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm.
- Parkin OM (2006). “The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002”. Int. J. Cancer 118 (12): 3030-44.
- Watson M, Saraiya M, Ahmed F, et al. Using population-based cancer registry data to assess the burden of human papillomavirus-associated cancers in the United States: overview of methods. Cancer 2008; 113(10 Suppl):2841- 2854.
- Meyers, J., et al., Susceptibility of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 to clinical disinfectants.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 2014.
- Ryndock EJ, Meyers C., A risk for non-sexual transmission of human papilloma virus? Expert Rev.
Anti Infect. Ther. 12(10), 1165-1170 (2014).
- Casalegno et. Al.: High Risk HPV Contamination of Endocavity Vaginal Ultrasound Probes: An Underestimated Route of Nosocomial Infection?, PLOS ONE, Oct 2012, Volume 7, Issue 10
- Ma et al.: Transvaginal ultrasound probe contamination by the human papillomavirus in the emergency department, Emerg Med J, 2012
- M’Zali et al. Persistence of microbial contamination on transvaginal ultrasound probes despite low-level disinfection procedure. PLoS One 2014;9:e93368.
- Fishman A et al., A proposal to reduce the risk of transmission of human papilloma virus via transvaginal ultrasound, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2016


There are no other birds quite like them in the world. The South Georgia pipit and pintail are so distinctive in the grand pantheon of ornithology, in fact, they draw their names from the one place they've made their home: South Georgia Island, sitting lonely in the forbidding South Atlantic not far from Antarctica.
Yet even in such a remote location, surrounded by penguins, fur seals and seemingly endless ocean, the birds have long been besieged by tiny alien invaders: rodents. Since the first European ships arrived in the late 18th century bearing rodents as stowaways, the voracious predators have devastated the South Georgia birds — which, with no trees to nest in, must make their vulnerable homes on the ground or in burrows.
Now, after more than two centuries, those invaders have been rebuffed.
The South Georgia Heritage Trust announced Wednesday that the island is once more rodent-free, following an international effort that dates back a decade. Using poisoned bait strewn from aircraft and three sniffer dogs, the team confirmed that nearly 400 square miles have been cleared. The SGHT says that's more than eight times larger than the Australian island that used to hold the record for such an eradication.
"I must say we were being overly ambitious, almost, in thinking that as a small nongovernmental organization based in Scotland, we could take on this massive task," Mike Richardson, chairman of the trust's steering committee, tells NPR.
But it had help.
With the "absolutely amazing" support of the U.S.-based Friends of South Georgia Island, which carried out the vast majority of fundraising, the project managed to bring in more than $13 million. It used that money to deploy several helicopters and thousands of other, simpler devices — as simple as peanut butter spread on a "gnaw-stick" — to attract the brown rats and house mice to their untimely doom.
Added to these instruments, the terrain of the area itself helped, too: Its many glaciers and snowfields posed impossible obstacles to the movement of these hardy creatures, essentially making what Richardson calls "a group of islands within an island" that team members could tackle one by one.
Still, they were facing down a formidable foe.
"When you're dealing with the dear old brown rat," Richardson notes, "you're dealing with one of the most successful mammals on the planet. It can more or less live anywhere, more or less eat anything."
Well — make that two formidable foes: One can't forget the very weather in South Georgia, Richardson adds, "which can be absolutely ferocious" and threatened to completely derail one of the project's four major expeditions to the subantarctic island years earlier.
"We had parked two of the helicopters ashore — we thought safely. They were tied down. We came back the next day and found one helicopter had had its blades snapped off and the other was half-buried in the gravel, just simply through the weather conditions. At that stage, we thought this is going to be a failure for this year," he says, adding that though they lost one of those choppers, "we managed to retrieve the situation and keep going."
The coup de grâce came just months ago, when, after waiting more than two years, the team members returned to determine whether any rats remained on the island. And this time, they had reinforcements: a trio of small sniffer dogs, specially trained in New Zealand to nose out rodents.
The dogs covered some 1,500 miles in the span of half a year, ranging over the island's mountainous terrain with their two handlers to confirm the happy news the inert instruments were telling the team. And indeed those dogs confirmed it: There were no rats to be heard from.
What they did hear, however, were some of the birds they'd been seeking to save, the South Georgia pipit. It's the world's southernmost songbird, and in the absence of rodents these past few years, their numbers have grown.
So have their decibel levels.
Denise Landau of the Friends of South Georgia visited the island earlier this year, only to find that, according to Richardson, the revitalized pipits had grown so loud they were drowning out the typical chorus you'd hear in the area, the clamorous groans of the elephant seals.
The job isn't finished, of course. Thousands of visitors arrive on South Georgia Island each year, which is famed for its natural beauty, and each arrival poses new risks for a rat revival. But the South Georgia Heritage Trust, together with authorities of the British overseas territory, hope to stave them off with stringent regulations and the continued help of rodent-detecting dogs.
But for all this removal and prevention, Richardson and his colleagues hope at least one thing spreads: the ambition to return other islands across the world to their natural ecosystems, whether that's the islands of Oceania — which have undertaken several similar efforts already — Latin America or the Mediterranean.
"I think people will become emboldened when they realize that actually we were a very small charitable organization, and yet we managed to take on something of such a large scale," he says.
"And I hope that will give others the impetus to do similar work."


Bala shark or silver shark (Balantiocheilos melanopterus) is a freshwater species belonging to Carp family.
The fish can be encountered in waters of South-East Asia and it is threatened with extinction. It’s quite a popular tank fish due to its likeness to a real shark.
However, in fact, bala shark has nothing in common with them.
Inhabitance in the wild
The fish is native to South-East Asia. Bala shark habitat is in the Mekong and Chao Phraya river basins, on Malaysian peninsula, Kalimantan and Sumatra islands.
The fish prefers clean rivers and streams with fast water flow, since slow flows are not for it. Sadly, bala shark has become extinct in lots of its natural habitats.
Bala shark body is thin and slender, flattened from sides. The fish head is small, eyes are very large, and the fish has inferior mouth with no barbs.
The fish scales are very large, fins are sickle-shaped. The fish dorsal is tall and vertical, its fluke is bifurcated. Bala shark body is silver steel colored, large scales create sparkles.
In pet shops as a rule you see the fish about 5 cm long (2 in). But don’t be fooled with this small size, because these are just bala shark juveniles.
In the wild this fish can grow to become 40 cm long (16 in), and in captivity the fish size may be up to 25 cm (10 in).
Since the fish is quite large it requires a spacious tank. If the tank is not spacious enough for the fish, bala shark life span will be much shorter than it should and the fish will feel uncomfortable all the time.
Lifespan can be about 5-6 years.
Difficulties in keeping
The fish is not a demanding one, but the thing is that it should be kept in a school, and the fish grows to become a large one. To keep the school of 6 species you’ll need a very large tank, not less than 150 cm (5 ft) long.
|Scientific Name||Balantiocheilos melanopterus|
|Common Name||Bala Shark, Silver Shark, Tri-Color Shark, Tricolor Shark, Bala Sharkminnow, Tricolor Sharkminnow|
|Tank size||not less than 150 cm (5 ft) long and more|
|Size||25 cm (10 in)|
Keeping in a tank
Bala shark is prone to get stressed: when getting very scared it may even die. After buying the fish, be ready – it’ll behave rather nervously.
The fish may refuse from food and hide. This happens because the fish is usually brought right from its natural habitat, i.e. from real open waters. Therefore, when getting into a tank bala shark gets stressed and starts looking for a place to hide.
Keep this in mind and create in advance some hide-places, which will allow the fish adapt to a new life conditions and survive relocation. You can improve the appetite of the fish which refuses from food by active water renew (up to 30-40% every day) and by raising the tank water temperature 2-3 degrees.
Some time later, when the fish gets stronger and starts hungrily eating their food, you can decrease the water temperature back to normal value and then reduce the number of water renews to the ordinary schedule.
The main thing for bala shark is sufficient amount of tank space. The fish large size completely corresponds to its high activity. Plus, the fish should be kept in a school of 6 species at least. Bala shark tank has to be rather wide and not less than 150 cm (5 ft) long.
For bala shark juveniles the tank capacity should be at least 200 liters (52,83 gal), but the advisable tank size in this case is 600 liters (158,5 gal).
When the fish is lack of space its growth slows down and its life span significantly reduces. The fish tank must be closed from top: bala shark excessive activity or fright may lead to the fish jump out of the tank and death as a result.
As for the tank decorations – don’t put too many decorations and plants. You can use some stones and snags, but again, not too many. The fish requires a lot of space to swim, so it’s better to put tank decorations along the tank perimeter.
Choose tank plants with thick leaves and strong root system – soft leaved plants will be attacked and harmed by the fish. As for the tank bottom substrate color, it’s better to be dark: on such background the fish will look much better.
Bala shark prefers natural light, for the fish the light day is 8-10 hours.
In the wild this fish inhabits in clean waters, that’s why when keeping it in a tank you’ll require perfect filtration system creating sufficient water flow and good aeration. Here are tank water requirements:
- temperature — 22–28°C (72–82°F);
- pH: 6.0–8.0;
- water hardness — 5.0–12.0 dGH;
- it’s desirable to renew 1/3 of the tank water volume every week.
Bala shark food can be live or artificial one. Plant food additives are quite necessary for the fish proper diet. Bala shark takes the food in the water layer; it eats food from the tank bottom less enthusiastically. As for me, I use several different types of food, and change them from time to time . Order them on Amazon, here are the links: Tropical Micro Pellet Fish Food, TetraColor, TetraColor.
It’s not recommended to feed silver shark with blood worm since the fish stomach may fail digesting its chitinous shell, as a result the whole digestive system may be harmed.
To keep the fish healthy you should control its diet and don’t feed it with the same king of food all the time. Bala shark is very gluttonous, so sometimes you should arrange some hunger days for it.
Bala shark is a peaceful daytime fish, it is rather tolerant to its tank mates, however when choosing silver shark tank mates focus on your tank size, since it has to stay spacious enough for all fishes and it shouldn’t be overcrowded. Always keep in mind adult silver shark size: though the fish isn’t a predator itself, it may eat its small tank mates.
Bala shark is quite good for large community tanks, since it doesn’t deal with fish that is sufficiently larger. Bala shark is rather timid fish, but it is fast and it’s a good jumper, that’s why you should be careful when cleaning the tank bottom or catching the fish in the tank.
In general tri color shark species gets used to its new environmental conditions during a month. It prefers to live in a school of 5-7 species, but if the tank size doesn’t allow to keep such a large school, try to keep at least 2-3 species – if the fish is alone in the tank quite often it’s aggressive.
As we’ve already mentioned large and small fishes can be bala shark tank mates, just avoid very small fishes, fish juveniles, large cichlid species like Jack Dempsey (large predators may nip bala shark fins), territory dependent and slow fishes.
Bala shark female is larger and it has more rounded body. It is rather difficult to define silver shark juveniles’ sex. In captivity the fish becomes reproductive only at the age of 3 years old being not less than 13 cm (5 in) long.
Unfortunately, bala shark breeding is impossible in captivity. Hormones injections are used to stimulate Bala shark spawning.
Size of the tank where the fish used to live and grow has to be not less than 1.5 m long and its capacity should be about 1500 l (400 gal).
Last update on 2018-05-25 at 09:42 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API


Home health care aides provide services for individuals that are ill, disabled or impaired and are in need of assistance. Work duties may take place within health care facilities, nursing homes, institutions, hospices or within the homes of clients. Job tasks may include bathing, grooming and dressing, housekeeping and laundry, meal preparation, grocery shopping and taking clients to doctor's appointments. A college degree is not necessary to successfully enter this field. Opportunities for work within this field can be found at 1 of the many home service agencies as well as private companies that specialize in providing this type of service. Here are some helpful tips on how to become a home health care aide.
1Recognize that work as a home health care aide can be stressful as well as being physically demanding. The job may entail helping ill patients and you may be exposed to communicable diseases and must take precautions.
- You may perform tasks during your work day such as emptying and cleaning bed pans and changing soiled clothing. Some patients may be disoriented and unpleasant whereas others will be cooperative and friendly.
- The job duties of a home health care aide may include assisting patients in getting out of bed and helping them to stand and walk. You will need to take precautions to avoid overexertion and possible injuries to your back.
- Your schedule as a home health care aide may include nights, weekends and holidays. You may work for 1 client or several during the course of any given week.
2Understand that a high school diploma may not be required to work as a home health care aide. Requirements will vary depending on the region where you live and work. Depending on the region where you will be working, you may be required to take an examination and become certified.
- As an example, within the United States, individuals do not have to have a high school diploma to get a job as a home health care aide. Home care agencies can set their own screening policies for applicants, however, so be aware that some may prefer their workers to have completed high school.
3Train to become a home health care aide through preparatory coursework in high school or at a vocational college if you have a high school diploma. Material covered should include personal care skills, nutrition and home management.
- Home health aide classes should also focus on meal preparation, housekeeping and social activities. Additional preparatory work includes legal, family and ethical issues.
4Consider becoming certified to be eligible for high paying positions. Certification programs will provide you with additional training in the areas of basic medical care and patient care in addition to how to administer medications and assisting with personal hygiene.
5Realize that once you become a certified home health care aide that you will have opportunities to advance by getting a college degree. Consider an Associate's Degree or a Bachelor's Degree, particularly if you eventually want to become a nurse's aide or a registered nurse.
I am working for senior care agency and am being told by outside people in the healthcare field that I legally have to be certified in the state of New York. Is that true?wikiHow ContributorYes. You must be legally certified.
Does a home health care aid give enemas, administer medication, change dressing, or change colostomy bags?wikiHow ContributorIn some cases, yes. They also give baths, help with eating, using the bathroom assistance, and dressing, all while keeping the patient's dignity intact. Most places give some training before you start.
What type of education do I need?wikiHow ContributorYour best option is getting your CNA license, but you can be a caregiver without it as well. The training you receive in the CNA classes helps to prepare you for the job.
Sources and Citations


Thrissur – Popular Hindu Pilgrim
By Smitakshi Guha
Located in God’s Own Country, that is the south Indian state of Kerala, Thrissur is a city of extreme significance not just for being a popular Hindu pilgrim town but also for the very fact that is regarded as the cultural capital for the state of Kerala. Its significance is invaluable, all in terms of history, religion, as well as spirituality.
Many of Kerala’s most important cultural institutions are located in Thrissur, some of which are the Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, the Kerala Sahitya Academy, and the Kerala Lalithakala Akademi. In Hindu culture, Thrissur houses a list of important temples, most popular of which among the followers of Lord Shiva is the Vadakkumnatham Temple, and for the aren’t followers of Lord Vishnu is the Guruvayur Temple. Other than these, the rest of the prominent temples here include the Paramekkavu Temple and the Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple.
For Christians too, the place has a lot of significance as it houses two very popular churches, namely the Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral, and the Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica.
The most famous festival celebrated here is known as the Thrissur Poornam festival that happens to be one of the most colorful celebrations of the country and takes place during the months of April-May every year.
Featured Image Source: trawell.in


For those with hearing loss, some everyday activities like talking on the phone, can be challenging. While some people might avoid talking on the phone so their friends and family don't get frustrated with repeating themselves, it's important to stay in contact with loved ones. Studies show that people with hearing loss who become isolated have a higher chance of depression compared with those who maintain strong ties with friends and family members. With the help of amplified phones, you can stay in contact with old friends and even make new ones!
What is an amplified telephone?
Connecting with family members and friends is a key to maintaining a healthy life for many people, but those with hearing loss often struggle with hearing the person on the other end of the line. Amplified phones are specifically designed for people with hearing loss, allowing users to turn up the volume as necessary to hear speech clearly. As many people who have hearing loss generally suffer with volume and tone, amplified phones also have features that make it easier to hear high-pitched noises, which many individuals with hearing loss find challenging. Some phones even have features that amplify outgoing speech, as people with hearing loss can sometimes be soft spoken because they are unable to hear themselves speaking properly.
Features of phones
You can purchase an amplified phone with or without a cord, or even a cell phone, depending on your preference. Phones will have special features such as caller ID, large number keys and a speakerphone, which should all be considered. Some phones have the capability to work with a headset, photo dialing, backlit keypads, answering machine or wall mounts. Some phones will also have special alerts that let you know if the phone is not hung up correctly.
Do I need an amplified phone?
|If you have to ask friends to repeat themselves on the phone or avoid those conversations all together, you might benefit from an amplified phone!|
People with hearing loss have many resources available to them that make it easier to understand others and communicate properly. If you are unsure if getting an amplified phone is the best option for you, here are a few questions you can ask yourself:
- How often do you ask family members and friends to repeat themselves while on the phone?
- Are you constantly turning up the volume on the radio or television?
- Is it difficult to understand conversations in loud restaurants or crowded rooms?
- Do you avoid talking on the phone because it is hard to hear the person on the other end of the phone?
- Do you find yourself avoiding social situations because you are hard of hearing?
- Is hearing more difficult in open spaces than in a closed room?
If you answered yes to any of these questions, chances are you can greatly benefit from having an amplified phone.
Degree of hearing loss
When you are finding the perfect amplified phone to buy, you will need to consider your degree of hearing loss, so that the product you purchase has the clearest quality. The best way to find your degree of hearing loss is by taking a hearing exam, but you can also follow this simple guideline provided by Hear-It.org:
Mild hearing loss: If you have mild hearing loss, you probably have trouble picking up every word in a conversation. Considered to be the least profound level of hearing loss, people with a mild condition may strain while chatting with someone because sounds like "f" and "th" can be difficult to decipher. Mild hearing loss is defined as being able to hear speech between 26 and 40 decibels.
Moderate hearing loss: Do you find yourself constantly asking other people to repeat themselves? Then, you might be categorized under moderate hearing loss. People with moderate hearing loss generally are able to hear sounds between 40 and 70 decibels.
Severe hearing loss: If you have severe hearing loss, chances are you are using hearing aids on a regular basis in order to understand sounds and speech. People with severe hearing loss can hear sounds between 70 and 95 decibels. People with severe hearing loss will benefit from a phone with high amplification.
Once you've found out your specific degree of hearing loss, you can find the perfect phone that suits your needs.
Types of amplifiers
If you travel often or need to understand telephone conversations both at home and at work, you may benefit from using a telephone amplifier, which increases the volume of the phone you already own.
Compatible with both digital and analog phones, in-line telephone amplifiers are best for people with moderate to severe hearing loss. These devices increase sound by up to 40 decibels, and generally have the ability to control the tone of speech.
People with mild to moderate hearing loss can benefit from using a portable amplifier, which increase sounds by up to 30 decibels. These small devices attach to the headset on a telephone, with a built-in control for volume, making it super simple to make the conversation louder or softer. This is a great option for people who talk on the phone on a regular basis, because an incoming caller may have different settings on their phone.
Do you ever find that you have missed calls completely because you can't hear the telephone ring? Many amplified phones have settings that allow you to turn up the volume on the ringer so that you never miss an important call again. Some models will even have a visual indicator, like a flashing light so you can see when you are receiving an incoming call as well. Some phones have the capability of ringing about five times louder than a traditional telephone. In addition, you can purchase an amplified phone with tone control.
If you're a hearing aid wearer, you may have a telecoil in your hearing aids. With the flip of a small switch, you can make sure that your hearing aids are only picking up the sound that is coming through the telephone, and not background noise around you.
- Defining Hearing Loss, Hear-it, http://www.hear-it.org/Defining-hearing-loss
- Phone Options, Harris Communications, http://www.harriscomm.com/index.php/getmore-phones
- Amplified Telephone Guide, Assist Tech, http://www.assistech.com/amplified-telephone-guide.htm
- Amplified Telephones, Phone Texas, http://www.amplifiedphonetexas.com/free-amplified-phone/hearing-phone


My husband needs more care and our family disagrees about what type of care he needs.
Since our son is now in school, the parenting plan we made when he was a toddler needs to change. We argue when we try to talk about it.
Mediation is available for families facing disagreements about child custody/visitation, care of a loved one, and many other situations that families face and need to make decisions about. Mediation is voluntary and confidential.
Family mediators are professionally trained, are impartial and facilitate conversations between two or more family members so that they can get clearer about next steps, make decisions and understand the other's perspective whenever possible.
Did you know that mediation is available for couples who are separating and divorcing, as well as for post-divorce issues?
Divorce mediation provides couples a forum to make decisions about every aspect of their divorce including:
- child custody
- child support
- marital assets and debts including homes, retirement plans,
and many other topics that need to be decided.
The Olweus Program Works!
Ralph R. Smith Elementary School in Hyde Park launched their Olweus Bullying Prevention Program on September 2014. Although there was a slight increase in reported bullying, the following results were achieved after 1 year of implementation:
- a decrease in the percent of students that think they could join in bullying others.
- a 3% increase in the percentage of students who feel sorry for the bullied student (92.7% in 2014 to 95.4% in 2015).
- a 19% increase in the recognition of teacher interventions (44.9% in 2014 to 53.6% in 2015).
- a 26% increase in student interventions in bullying situations.
- a 19% decrease in student reports of parent contact with the school in regards to bullying.
- a 2% increase in helping a student who has been bullied.
- a 20% decrease in the number of students who would just watch the bullying happen.
- a 41% decrease in the number of students who think teachers have done nothing about bullying.
- a 44% decrease in the percentage of students reporting they have no friends or only 1 friend at school.
- a 23% decrease in the number of students reporting that they dislike school.
Programs are funded in part by the County of Dutchess. Programs funded in part by Dutchess County Youth Services.
What is Bullying and How do we Stop It: Workshops Provide Crucial Skills to Prevent and Respond to Bullying
Girl Scouts. Beulah Baptist Church Youth Group. Relatives As Parents Program. What do these groups have in common? They include youth and adults learning how to prevent and respond to bullying. Whether being bullied by someone else or witnessing bullying taking place, studies show that others want to help but may not know how. Participants learn the definition of bullying that includes a pattern
Coalition on Elder Abuse launches Steering, Advocacy, Education, & Multi-Disciplinary Team Sub-Committees to Increase its Impact
The Coalition on Elder Abuse in Dutchess County works together collaboratively and cooperatively to protect elders from abuse, neglect and exploitation and to preserve the quality of their lives. Twenty-six members of the Coalition, including community individuals and representatives of private and public agencies/organizations met for a special two-hour planning meeting at the Clubhouse at


Valley Rewind: Schools before segregation, including Carver Elementary
According the Jessie Sherrill, John Myra Stepp donated the land for the first school for black students in Black Mountain, Flat Creek Road School (also known as the Black Mountain Colored School), in 1886.
The March 3, 1899, issue of The Asheville Register reported that three schools served the 331 white students in town. However, though there were two schools serving black students in Swannanoa, the paper reported, "the necessity for erecting a suitable house for the negroes prevented the committee from having any school taught for the negro race this year [in Black Mountain]."
The original Flat Creek Road School building located in the Brookside community was replaced in 1917 by a building that no longer stands. Prior to the 1940s, the two-room Carver Elementary School (possibly also known as Clearview Elementary) was built in the present location of the Carver Community Center.
In 1942, the building was replaced by a stone structure seen in this photograph from the Swannanoa Valley Museum & History Center's collection. In 1951, the present-day brick building was constructed. Carver Elementary closed in 1966 when black students integrated Black Mountain Elementary.


You probably already know that all English words that are regular end in ed when used in the past simple, but did you know that ed has three different pronunciations in English?
We have the /id/ sound, the /t/ sound and the /d/ sound but we only have one spelling. One way to learn this and improve your pronunciation is to make a record of the words you know according to their sound. This will help your brain to monitor the difference.
Click on the link to find a worksheet to help you record words by their pronunciation.


Close-Ups Of Michelangelo’s David Will Make You Appreciate It Even More
Few sculptures are as famous as Michelangelo’s David, and if you’ve ever seen it you’ll understand why. The masterpiece of the Renaissance period was completed in 1504, when Michelangelo was just 29 years old, and today over 8 million people per year visit the Galleria dell’Accademia in Florence so they can marvel at the iconic marble statue.
David is 17ft tall (over 5 metres), weighs 12,478 lbs (5,660kg), and was carved from a huge single block of unwanted Carrara marble. He took over two years to carve and he depicts the Biblical David who took down Goliath with a well aimed slingshotted rock to the forehead. It looks magnificent enough from a distance, but if you really want to appreciate Michelangelo’s mastery then you need to take a closer look at his incredible attention to detail.
Michelangelo started to carve the statue of David from a single block of unwanted marble in 1501
Two other sculptors had tried to carve the block before abandoning their respective projects, and the marble laid unused for 10 years
It took him 2 years, and the result is 17ft tall (over 5 metres) and weighs a whopping 12,478 lbs (5,660kg)!
It depicts the Biblical David, who took down Goliath with a well aimed rock to the forehead
Image credits: Miguel Hermoso Cuesta
Over 8 million people per year visit the Galleria dell’Accademia in Florence so they can marvel at the iconic marble statue
Image credits: Jörg Bittner Unna
It looks magnificent from a distance, but you need to take a closer look to appreciate Michelangelo’s incredible attention to detail
Image credits: Rabe!
“If people knew how hard I worked to get my mastery, it wouldn’t seem so wonderful at all,” Michelangelo once said
Image credits: EFE
Michelangelo died in 1564, aged 88, but his statue of David will live on forever
Image credits: Alberto Pizzoli


Last year, I experienced two months that were very challenging for me as a person and as an academic. One of my sons, who was seven, became very ill and missed a lot of school. When he returned, he was in a wheelchair, and he was very unsure of himself. He didn’t know if he had enough stamina to make it through the day, and he worried that his teachers and his fellow students would be upset with him. No matter how much I tried to convince him that it would be OK, he was too nervous to return, alone, to his classroom.
So, I told him I would shadow him in class for a few days to help make the transition smoother.
It’s been a long time since I was in the second grade, and as I sat through his day, I was very impressed with the level of preparation and organization the teachers exhibited. Some things were the same: the teachers were engaging and exciting, there was a lot of activity, and the kids were overwhelmingly nice, but there were also a few things that were completely new — like the use of technology.
The Promethean board was the most obvious piece of technology in the room, followed closely by a few Apple computers and an iPad. However, when it came to using this technology, I was somewhat concerned by what I saw.
It wasn’t that the teachers weren’t good. They were amazing, actually, but I was concerned that I didn’t see them using most of the technology they had at their fingertips to make what they had even better and more engaging.
For example, they used the Promethean board to bring up the schedule of the day, but not as a teaching/learning resource. I expected to see them bring up things the kids could interact with, show a video, or even bring up some visual resources like maps and pictures — but I didn’t see the teachers using this powerful technology to its full advantage. Most of the instruction was exactly as I remembered it from my years in school — lots of scissors, glue, paper, and worksheets. Worksheets? Yes, worksheets.
What I found out is that these wonderful educators didn’t have time to integrate the technology they had available into their classroom routine. They had been doing things pretty much the same way they had been doing them forever, and they had no idea that some tools were available that would make the time they spent on grading, parent communication, and classroom management much easier and more time efficient.
I tried to talk to them about some of the stuff they could use, but I realized that what I said was overwhelming and strange to them. They simply didn’t have time to learn or explore the resources I suggested, and they weren’t really sure they wanted to. After all, what they were doing was working. Why change?
And that became the beginning of my own self-questioning. Why change? What did these teachers have to gain by embracing technology in their classroom? Why should they spend hours familiarizing themselves with a tool when what they were doing was perfectly fine?
The answer is that the status quo is just fine for them, but I wasn’t sure if their use of classroom technology was sending the right message to their students. In my own classroom I see the outcome of “just fine” educational systems. The students are well educated, it’s true, but they have a strange belief that learning is connected to books and teachers, and leisure is connected to technology.
So, when a “digital native” walks into my classroom, they have all kinds of ideas about how to entertain themselves and socialize with technology, but they have no inkling of how to use technology to improve learning. If our nation is going to survive this new digital world, we have to encourage our students to see technology as a learning tool, and encourage our students to seek out tools to improve and enhance their learning. As Jesse Stommel argues in his video Hybrid Academic Collectives, we must look beyond tradition to embrace what is possible.
As a teacher, I realize that every lesson should be built to reach students’ multiple intelligences in multiple ways — teaching to every learning style as deeply and completely as I can — then recursively adding to my lessons semester after semester to integrate more tools, filling in the learning voids whenever possible. For example, teachers can start by using Promethean and SMART boards to enrich a short reading assignment by displaying a picture of the author, a map of where the author is from, and some information about the background of the reading; the following year they may ask students to participate in the discovery process by looking for information to display and contributing it. The teacher might begin to look at the Promethean board as a window into the larger culture of learners by inviting the author or a children’s literature specialist to speak to the students via Skype or a G+ Hangout; or, in subsequent years, with more preparation, connecting to another class that is studying the same work for a long-distance discussion. Each level of technology use builds upon the next, growing in complexity.
In addition, we need to start thinking of ways to structure assignments so that our students don’t just learn about one or two types of technology, but that they actually begin exploring and evolving in their idea of technology use for their own needs. As Alan Rudi argues in Hybrid Learning: How to Reach Digital Natives, “today’s students do best when you give them a sense of purpose and control over what they’re learning.” Students are very good at finding technology, and the technology they use to entertain or socialize can easily be turned into technology that is used to create, investigate, and publish scholarly work.
The educators tasked to reach these digital natives where they live may not be as savvy with technology as their students are, but they do know about learning. Although this may lead to the teacher feeling overwhelmed or intimidated by their students’ technological prowess, or frustrated that they can’t turn that digital know-how into a greater opportunity, it is not a time to go into self-defense mode. It is very appealing to just stick our heads in the sand and say, “the students need to focus on basic skills” so that we can go back to our comfort zone. This no longer works because digital know-how has already become a “basic skill.” It’s not 1980. Every business and educational institution, private and public, has already embraced technology, and our students can’t hope to compete in a 21st century economy without those skills.
Unfortunately, the majority of educational institutions have institutionalized the head-in-sand approach. In order to protect their authority, many teachers and administrators turn to limitations on technology rather than embracing these powerful educational tools. According to “Cell Phones in the Classroom: Educator’s Perspective,” 62% of US Schools have a ban on smartphones in the classrooms, and according to Social Media Access in K-12 Schools: Intractable Policy Controversies in an Evolving World, “Currently most schools ban social networking and chat rooms, and over a third ban the sharing of visual media files, playing interactive games, sharing music or sound files and posting message on web sites.” The problem is that most of the Web 2.0 educational offerings involve social networking, chat rooms, visual media files, interactive games, music and sound files and posting on websites.
Cell-phone bans go all the way back to the 1980s when pagers and cell phones were rare and expensive. District after district put in bans on pagers and cell phones in schools to prevent gang activity, as most pagers and cell phones were used for the sale of narcotics. At the time, no one could find a good reason for cell phones to be allowed in school, and many laws were passed in states to prevent cell phone use. In the intervening years, although cell phones became cheaper and more widely used, the bans remained in place — mostly because cell phones were considered “disruptive” in the classroom. Those state bans stayed in effect until shortly after September 11, 2001, when the importance of emergency communication took precedence over a distraction-free school day, and parents wanted easier access to communication with their children.
Although most schools have started to allow the use of smart phones before and after school, and during lunch periods, most still ban their use during the school day. For today’s digital natives those bans don’t make any sense. I have been called into school more than once when my high school son’s phone was confiscated in the halls when he tried to access his Google Calendar to record an upcoming assignment, or he texted his friend to ask when a paper was due. “It’s so natural to use my phone, that I didn’t even think about it,” he said in his own defense. He’s also made the argument to his teachers that there is no difference between using a dictionary in his phone and using a dictionary in book form — except for the obvious convenience of using a phone. (It is an argument he has won more than once, by the way!)
Even when students are allowed to use technology in the very controlled environment of a computer lab, schools have shut down YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and even Google in an effort to keep students focused on educational content and to avoid violating the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA). According to Audrey Watters in her article, “Cellphones in the Classroom: Distraction or Tool?”:
Schools and libraries that receive E-rate funding from the federal government are required by CIPA to block or filter obscene material. As a result, most schools implement various levels of filtering, some much more stringent than what CIPA mandates.
The E-rate program is a program that provides discounts to schools and libraries to purchase internet services and computers. Discounts that schools can receive from the E-Rate program are 20-90% off the retail price of computers and internet access. Schools are worried that, if they provide wireless internet access to social networks on their Local Area Network (LAN), that they will violate the CIPA. However, the CIPA mandates only that the school make a reasonable effort to block or filter obscene content, it doesn’t mandate that the school block entire social networks or prevent cell phones from using school wireless to access those networks. Nonetheless, many schools are hesitant to allow social network access to their LAN for fear of jeopardizing much needed technology discounts.
I have seen the “digital natives” in my own classroom struggle with the limitations placed upon them by irrational school policies that limit the use of laptops, notebooks, and mobile devices in school settings. It is truly a ballet of the absurd. Teachers and professors are stuck in the middle as students demand more access to the media they use on a daily basis to get their work done, and IT professionals and administrators, fearful at skirting federal law, shut down entire sectors of the internet with filters and jammers. So, while the motivational speakers and internet evangelists preach about the magic of Web 2.0, most of us have found ourselves locked out of much of that rich content by well-meaning laws and overly protective administrative policies.
It isn’t only those policies that are holding us back. We’ve also been stifled by the public nature of contemporary communication. We know, for example, that publication of student work increases the quality of that work. As a graduate student in Teaching Writing in the 1980s, I was exposed to theCalifornia Writing Project, which put a lot of stock in the publication of student work. At the time, publication took the form of a mimeographed booklet, stapled together, and sent home with the student’s weekly work; but it wasn’t the quality of the publication, it was the very existence of publication that was significant. As Peter Elbow opined in his seminal work Everyone Can Write: Essays toward a Hopeful Theory of Writing and Teaching Writing:
The fact of publication — seeing all your classmates holding in their hands a copy of a class magazine that contains your writing — increases the pressure from peer readers. By the same token, it helps put teacher standards into more perspective.
It wasn’t really until the age of blogs that the idea of publication could really catch on — but it hasn’t. Rather than grasping at the chance to provide our students with the opportunity to produce authentic writing, and beautifully illustrated publications instantly available to anyone with an internet connection, I saw my colleagues wringing their hands in worry that students would produce work that would not exhibit the capabilities of the school, or that they would write “inappropriate,” things in their blogs. I was astonished when the head of the college writing program I was working at insisted that every student’s blog be set to “private” because she feared violating the student’s right to privacy or embarrassing the department. I had to ask, “What is the point of blogging to yourself?” (She wasn’t amused.)
In her defense, I know it may take an educator many years to understand the particular political and administrative challenges to technology in the classroom, and by the time they do, they have lost more battles than they have won. The greatest obstacle in public school systems — both K-12 and college and university systems — is an embedded bureaucracy that works toward preserving the status-quo. Often those who have been in the system for years are the first to wave the white flag of surrender and start teaching without technology, or start looking for a way that they can fly under the radar by compromising the very nature of the technology they are teaching. “Why should I fight?” they say. “Everyone says what they are doing is working fine.”
It shouldn’t be this hard, but it is. This isn’t something a teacher or student, a parent or an administrator can do alone. It is something we must work toward together. There needs to be an ongoing dialogue between the contingent groups working toward bringing the internet into our classrooms in a more meaningful and complete way; and those contingent groups must be fully aware that each group has something they want to get and something they want to protect from the process:
- teachers may fear changing the way they teach and giving up authority in their classroom;
- instructional technology professionals may fear endangering the security of their network, introducing viruses into the system, or overwhelming their capability to provide connections;
- administrators may fear skirting federal, state, or local educational laws, and they may be concerned about how providing better technology infrastructure may affect their budget; and
- parents and students may fear the public nature of the internet and the vulnerability of student information.
Every fear must be discussed in an environment of understanding and cooperation, and everyone must be dedicated to finding solutions to getting our students a safe, open, and growing portal to the internet. We shouldn’t have to fight so hard for what makes logical, educational, and pedagogical sense — but we do, and we owe it to our students to fight with everything we have.
For a practical, hands-on guide to using technology in your classroom, see Michelle Kassorla’s follow-up “A Primer for EdTech: Tools for K-12 and Higher Ed. Teachers.”


After some hopeful digging, Mars seems to have spat out the InSight heat flow-measuring probe.
When InSight landed on Mars, it had two seemingly simple tasks: use its robotic arm to place its seismometer on the surface, and deploy its heat probe mole instrument to dig 10 to 16 feet underground. The latter has proven far more difficult than was initially expected.
NASA on early Monday morning tweeted the news and a timelapse showing the planet ejecting the probe:
Mars continues to surprise us. While digging this weekend the mole backed about halfway out of the ground. Preliminary assessment points to unexpected soil properties as the main reason. Team looking at next steps. #SaveTheMole #Teamwork pic.twitter.com/UURvU8VTwZ
— NASA InSight (@NASAInSight) October 27, 2019
Heat-probe drama has marred the mission since NASA’s InSight lander plopped down onto the Red Planet last November. InSight’s scientists were hoping to find a region free from boulders with loose, sandy soil to plant the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3), and seemingly found one. They deployed the device, where, using a self-powered hammer, it was supposed to push itself deeper and deeper into the soil. In the first few days of hammering, it dug at most a foot and a half down before meeting dense, cement-like soil that stopped its progress.
NASA’s researchers worked for months to try to figure out a way to get the probe to keep digging through the thick “duricrust.” Their initial solution was to press the soil down around the probe with the rover’s mechanical arm in order to increase the pressure as well as the friction around the probe.
The technique seemed to work, and the probe descended another inch. Until yesterday, when it popped right back out. The InSight team is once again working to try and understand the situation. They tweeted: “One possibility observed in testing on Earth is that soil could fall in front of the mole’s tip as it rebounds, gradually filling the hole in front of it as the mole backs out.”
These drawbacks have obviously been frustrating. The HP3 is one of three main experiments on the lander, alongside the “Marsquake”-detecting Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure and the magnetic field-measuring Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment, or RISE. Together, these instruments are supposed to measure how geologically active the planet is, and they have already begun delivering exciting results. The heat probe’s potential failure wouldn’t negate the other instruments’ science, but it would be a frustrating loss.
We’ve reached out to experts on the matter and will update the post when we hear back. But for now, we’re just crossing our fingers and hoping a fix comes soon.


Toshiba announced Wednesday it has produced its last major run of incandescent lightbulbs.
The Japanese electronics manufacturer said the phaseout is part of a strategy to ultimately concentrate on LED (light-emitting diode) lighting products, though it will continue to produce certain specialty incandescent bulbs.
Incandescent lighting has been dwindling in use over the last five years in large part to citizen and government phase-out campaigns that include laws for an eventual ban on the sale of the electricity-guzzling light source. Many countries have already passed laws with deadlines looming.
Australia was the first country to ban the sale of incandescent lightbulbs, which took effect in 2010. In December 2007,
Many companies have responded to the changes by reducing production in favor of new lighting technology like LEDs and. Even newer technologies like and are also on the horizon.
"Toshiba estimates that switching 60 percent of the world's incandescent lights with LED lights would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 125.5 million tons in 2025, compared to 2000," the company said in a statement.
It marks the end of a technology era. Since 1890, Toshiba--that is the company that eventually became part of Toshiba--has been manufacturing incandescent lighting.
Hakunetsu-sha & Company was Japan's first electric incandescent lighting factory and produced its first bulbs in 1890 at a rate of 10 bulbs per day. The company was renamed the Tokyo Electric Company in 1899, and in 1939 merged with Shibaura Engineering Works to become what is today known as Toshiba.


Heterogeneous grouping is the distribution of students of the same age or grade from various classrooms. As every student is unique with special skills, this new educational tactic creates a relatively even distribution of students. However, they may have uncommon abilities with differing educational and emotional needs. Heterogeneous grouping enables the students to apply their skills and abilities evenly through cohorts.
Unlike the homogenous grouping, which is now to get good grades, a heterogeneous group brings more holistic learning. With gifted children scattered throughout many classrooms, they help lesser talented peers perform well. They become second teachers to also propel the others along efficiently through the learning process.
Heterogeneous grouping enables students to learn from one another’s differences. The advanced students grasping the lessons fast will have time to mentor their lesser advanced peers. Hence they learn to interact with diverse individuals by mentoring their peers. Also, they learn many virtues like teaching, patience, tolerance, and others apart from studying the subjects.
The significant difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous grouping is that the students will learn more than subjects. In homogeneous grouping, the students’ focus will be only to score marks and compete with one another for it. But in the heterogeneous grouping, though the advanced students study well and get good marks, they also help their peers to get pass marks.
The teachers of heterogeneous classrooms benefit and also have challenges. With the second teachers helping them out to help the lesser gifted students, they save a lot of time. But, balancing the study materials and the learning methodology to suit both the more gifted and lesser gifted students is challenging for teachers. The skilled students’ help to the not so talented is a boon for all students to learn fast.


What is Terid And Why People Search This Word
At first, we think that terid is about some technology or some sort of software name. When you search in Google, you will get the different websites that indicate the dictionary meanings. Some say that terid is not a correct word, then they provide different words that similar sound to terid.
Such words are derided, Derrida, dried, druid, tepid and so on. But most people do not know that terid is not a wrong or misspellings word. This word has a meaning, and also, you can use this word in a sentence as it has been already used in many sentences. To understand what is terid you have to go through the page to know about the terid.
How To Use Terid Word In Sentences
Terid is used mostly in such sentences when you are talking about anything you saw in the corner of your eye but when you divert your eye vision towards that object and realize that nothing.
These are the best examples that will help you understand how you can use terid words in different sentences.
1#. There was something in the corner of my eye while my friend was discussing an unusual topic which made me terid because there was nothing when I saw it.
2#. He was terid to go out at night.
3#. They were terid during the long trip
Aweary [archaic], bleary, bushed, done, exhausted, jaded, limp, played out, prostrate, tapped out, washed-out, weary, worn, all in, beat, beaten, burned-out (or burnt-out), dead, drained, fatigued, knackered [British], logy (also loggy), pooped [slang], spent, tuckered (out), wearied, wiped out, worn-out
There is a tried antonyms word which is called “unwearied”.
Does There Is Any Game Named Terid?
No, there is no such game that name is terid. It also does not valid in any word games such as scrabble.
Does The Word Terid Has Any Existence In Crosswords?
The answer is no; there is no such word that exists in crosswords.
Do You Know That There Are Some Terid Scrambling The Letters?
In other words, scrambler, TERID is a word that can be scrambled in various ways. The many ways that words can be scrambled are known as “permutations” of the word.
According to Google, it is permutations’ definition:
A method may be organized or ordered, particularly one of the many possible variations of arranging the set of things.
What can this do? It reveals the anagrams of the word terid scrambled in various ways. It also helps you to recognize the alphabet more quickly. It will be helpful when these letters T E R I D appear in a word scramble game.


As children develop and grow each year, so do their irises and general vision. Furthermore, schools demand intense eye focus in activities such as reading, taking down notes, and even staring at computer screens. Given such an long time span and an increasingly competitive environment, it’s unsurprising to see a vision problems stemming earlier in children. Fortunately, parents have been more diligent in observing the signs of myopia in their children – squinting, holding objects too close to their faces, and the like. This has enabled them to seek treatment early. However, did you know that there are some factors linked to childhood vision problems that may not be so common?
One of the more difficult tell-tale signs is attention-span. It’s normal for kids to be restless and want to play around every now and then. Their sudden spurts of energy can even catch us off guard at times. However, one of the lesser known symptoms seen in children who are on the track to myopia is as such. Observe if your child might seem to quickly lose interest in activities or games that require their eyesight. This could mean your child feels uncomfortable with their vision clarity!
Reading is one of the healthiest habits we can cultivate in our children. They can learn how to better express themselves, boost their language and expand on their linguistic abilities. As such, it’s no wonder many parents start reading to their kids early. However, once independent reading takes place, do take note to see if your child may have difficulty keeping track of where they are or if they keep having to re-read certain lines on the page. This could signal a sign of distress related to their eye-tracking.
One more common action seen in a child facing vision problems is their head motion. If you see your child turning their head from side to side when viewing something directly in front of them, this may be a warning sign. It could mean that your child suffers from a form of refractive error, such as myopia or astigmatism, as turning their head while watching something allows them to see better.
Here at Nanyang Optical, we believe it is our responsibility to help both parents offer assistance to their kids with vision problems, as well as educate children themselves to learn more about their eyesight. Find out more here, on some tips and tricks to boost your child’s vision!


HERA was the largest particle accelerator at DESY and Germany’s largest research instrument. Over a time span of 15 years, the storage ring served the international particle physics community as the world’s most precise electron microscope for studies of the proton’s inner structure. Although the HERA experiments H1, ZEUS and HERMES ended in 2007, the ongoing data analysis continues to point the way for future particle physics experiments.
The HERA storage ring facility at DESY was the only one in the world in which two different types of particles were accelerated separately and then brought to collision. In a 6.3-kilometer-long tunnel located deep below Hamburg, lightweight electrons – or their antiparticles, the positrons – collided with hydrogen nuclei, i.e. protons from the hadron family, which are nearly 2000 times heavier. In these electron-proton collisions, the point-like electron acts like a tiny probe that scans the inside of the proton and reveals its inner structure. The higher the energy of the particle collision, the deeper physicists are able to gaze into the proton, and the more insights they obtain about the inner structure of the proton and the fundamental forces of nature.
There were four huge detectors at the HERA storage ring, which were operated by large international teams of researchers. The H1 and ZEUS experiments went into operation in 1992. They observed the high-energy collisions of electrons and protons in order to unravel the inner structure of the proton and the mysteries of the fundamental forces. The HERMES experiment started taking data in 1995. It used the HERA electron beam to investigate the intrinsic angular momentum – the spin – of protons and neutrons. From 1999 to 2003, the HERA-B experiment used the HERA proton beam to shed light on the properties of heavy quarks.
H1, ZEUS and HERMES were in operation until 2007, and between them they recorded a gigantic amount of data. During that time, many of the insights provided by HERA into the microscosm found their way into the physics textbooks. They are now part of the basic knowledge we have of the workings of our world. The journey of discovery is far from over, however. The evaluation of the recorded measurement data will provide exciting insights into the inner structure of the proton and the fundamental forces of nature for years to come.
H1 and ZEUS discovered, for example, that the proton comprises not only three quarks, but rather a seething particle soup in which quarks, antiquarks and the gluons that act between them constantly appear and disappear. H1 and ZEUS were also able to provide direct evidence that two of the fundamental forces, the electromagnetic and weak force, have the same origin: the electroweak force, into which the two forces unite at extremely high energies. The HERA experiments thus directly observed the effects of the first step toward the grand unification of the four fundamental forces of nature. H1 and ZEUS have also precisely measured the strong force acting between quarks. For the first time, a single experiment consistently demonstrated over a wide range of energies that the strength of this force changes – and it does so in the opposite manner from the other forces of nature: Quarks move more freely the closer they are to one another. The farther they are apart, the stronger is the pull of the strong force that, much like a rubber band, draws them back together.
To properly understand the spin of protons and neutrons, researchers must determine the contribution made by each individual member of the seething particle soup inside them. Exactly this was the strength of HERMES. The experiment’s special concept enabled physicists to separately measure the contribution made by each different type of quark to the total spin. In addition, HERMES was among the first experiments in the world to deliver direct evidence of gluon spin.
Model for international research projects
The unique insights HERA provided into the proton and the forces of nature form the basis for numerous other particle physics experiments, as well as for a variety of current developments in theoretical particle physics. The HERA results are used, for example, to improve the predictions for the particle collisions at the world's most powerful accelerator, the LHC in Geneva. The knowledge gained during the construction and operation of HERA is applied in new accelerator projects. Significant parts of the concept elaborated for the HERA proton ring, for example, were used in the design of the superconducting magnets of the LHC.
The construction of HERA in the 1980s was a prime example of successful international cooperation. A total of 11 countries contributed to the project – a first in the history of particle physics. Previously, it had been common practice to build the detectors within the framework of an international collaboration, whereas the accelerators themselves remained the responsibility of the host institute. HERA, however, was financed to more than 20 percent from abroad, the four HERA experiments to about 60 percent. This “HERA model” of international cooperation worked so well that it became a role model for carrying out large international research projects.
- Electron-proton storage ring for particle physics
- Length: 6336 metres
- Research operation: 1992-2007
- Data analysis ongoing
- Experiments: H1, ZEUS, HERMES, HERA-B


The rusty patched bumblebee is making American history, but no one is celebrating.
For the first time, a bumblebee species has been placed on the endangered species list. The dramatic decline in the bumblebee population is causing concern since the rusty patched, and other bumblebees, are critical pollinators — specializing in crops like blueberries, potatoes and tomatoes.
Here & Now's Robin Young talks with Scott Black, executive director of the Xerces Society, which works to preserve and protect pollinators and their habitats.
Here's a video about bumblebees' role as pollinators:
This segment aired on January 13, 2017.


Playing an instrument can be one of the most rewarding hobbies ever, but learning to do it is difficult. They say that kids pick things up a lot faster than adults, which is why it’s a good idea to encourage your child to play an instrument from a young age. But what do you want them to play? Drums make a lot of noise, wind instruments aren’t always considered ‘cool’, and some can be very complicated. In my opinion, the guitar is the perfect instrument for children to learn how to play. Although it’s hard work, it makes a great sound and it always has, and always will, be considered ‘cool’. Here’s how to teach them:
Get Them into Music that Featuring Guitar
There’s plenty of music out there that features guitar, and it’s sure to get them interested in learning to play. Whether you go the hard rock option or the Britpop option, there’s something to interest every child. I find that songs by Oasis are very effective!
Buy Them a Suitable Guitar
Some guitars are way too big for children’s little hands, so they can’t reach the frets or strings. Make sure the size of the guitar you choose is suitable so that they can play it efficiently! You may also want to buy them a coloured guitar or a guitar with a pattern on it to interest them further. If this is the case, try searching online for new musical instruments for sale.
Show them Tutorials on Youtube
Tutorials on Youtube can be very helpful, and the best thing about them is that they’re free! Who needs an expensive music teacher when you have Youtube? They can learn pretty much any song they could ever want by doing a search on Youtube. They’ll love being able to play their favourite songs!
Encourage them to Practice Alone
Encourage your child to practice alone, thinking up new sounds and music on their own. They don’t always have to be practicing other bands songs – they could try to create their own! This will add another element of excitement for them.
Make it Fun for Them
The worst thing you can do is make learning an instrument boring for them. When I was a child, my dad bought me a guitar and sat me down in front of an old fashioned video designed to teach me the basics. I didn’t understand any of it; it was boring, uninspiring, and it put me off the idea altogether. I wish I’d stuck to playing the guitar, but it didn’t paint a very good picture for me at the time!
Make Sure You Don’t Make them Practice for Too Long
Forcing them to practice for too long can take all of the joy out of it. If they genuinely want to practice for longer then let them, but make sure they have regular breaks.
With these tips and tricks, your child is sure to love learning the guitar and could even end up becoming a pro soon enough!


What is astm?
Can you list different types of washing faults?
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What is substrate?
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What is seam finish?
Explain the NAFTA
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What is enzyme?
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Tell us what is shape factor?
what are benefits of Quality Inspection?


While most of the country approaches the end of frigid winters, the Great Kiskadee, a colorful, tropical flycatcher, enjoys the warmth of south Texas.
Great KiskadeePitangus sulphuratus
Named for its ringing kis-ka-dee calls, this bird breaks the rules for the flycatcher family. Besides catching insects in the air, it also grabs lizards from tree trunks, eats many berries, and even plunges into ponds to catch fish. Its bright pattern is unique in North America, but in the tropics several other flycatchers look almost identical. The Great Kiskadee is found from Texas to Argentina and is also very common in Bermuda, where it was introduced in the 1950s.
Field MarksA very large, big-headed flycatcher, near size of Belted Kingfisher, and somewhat like that bird in actions, even catching small fish. It has rufous wings and tail. The bright yellow underparts and crown patch and the strikingly patterned black and white face identify it at once.
Size10 1/2" (27 cm)
VoiceA loud get-ter-heck (or kis-ka-dee); also wheep!
RangeSouthern Texas south to Argentina. Resident of lower Rio Grande Valley.
MigrationPermanent resident throughout its range. Very rarely strays north to Arizona (from western Mexico) and Louisiana.
HabitatStreamside thickets, groves, orchards, towns. In its limited Texas range, found most commonly in open woodlands near water, but may occur in any habitat with good-sized trees. In the tropics, occurs widely in many semi-open habitats, usually avoiding dense unbroken forest.
FeedingDiet: Omnivorous. Feeds mostly on large insects, such as beetles, wasps, grasshoppers, bees, and moths; but also eats lizards, mice, baby birds, frogs, tadpoles, and small fish. Also eats many berries and small fruits, and some seeds.
Behavior: Forages in various ways. Often flies out from a perch to catch flying insects in the air. Will perch on branch low over water and then plunge into water for fish, tadpoles, or insects. Often hops about in trees and shrubs to eat berries.
NestingBreeding behavior is not well known. Both members of pair actively defend nesting territory against intruders of their own species and are quick to mob any predators that come close.
Nest: Site is usually among dense branches of a tree or large shrub, 6-50' above the ground, usually 10-20' up. Nest is a large bulky structure, more or less round, with the entrance on the side. Nest is built of grass, weeds, strips of bark, Spanish moss, and other plant fibers, and lined with fine grasses.
Eggs: 4, sometimes 2-5. Creamy white, dotted with dark brown and lavender. Details of incubation are not well known.
Young: Apparently both adults help to feed the young in the nest. Development of young and age at first flight not well known.
ConservationNumbers stable or increasing in Texas. May be increasing and spreading in tropics as rain forest is cut, as it does well around clearings, edges, and second growth.