Mankind better responds to stories than facts. Facts by themselves are often boring, but put those facts into a good story and now you’ve got the attention of your audience. You want to be taken seriously? You first need to get attention.
Each academic discipline has its theoreticians and its communicators. Often the best communicators aren’t the best theoreticians. Communicating with the public is very different from communicating with colleagues in your field. Carl Sagan was one of the few who stood atop both worlds. Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, was watched by over 500 million people when it debuted, in 1980, a record at the time. It instantly made Carl Sagan a household name, and 20 years after his death at a relatively early age, he is still celebrated almost as a sage from what turned out to be a far more innocent, livelier time. Will Carl Sagan be remembered for eternity? It’s too soon to say, but he’s off to a good start.
But why? What made Carl Sagan’s Cosmos: A Personal Voyage so special? What separates it from the other programs in its field and Sagan from other scientists? Before and since, there have been countless other science programs intended for the general public, presented by communicator-scientists. Sure, Cosmos‘ special effects were groundbreaking for their time, this much is true, but if special effects alone determined quality in a production, Die Another Day would be better than From Russia With Love. Clearly, the special effects helped, but as accessories to other factors that were in play.
The Story of the Cosmos
Cosmos: A Personal Voyage was named as such for a reason. Carl Sagan was taking you, the viewer on a journey that was as personal to you as it was to him. It enraptured you. You were often journeying in the first person, peering out the window of that famous “ship of the imagination,” as if you were the pilot. When you weren’t, Carl Sagan was there as your companion. In fact, the very first episode of Cosmos: A Personal Voyage had Carl Sagan taking you on a ride from halfway to the edge of the universe, through galaxy clusters, over Andromeda, into the Milky Way, on a visit to a strange new world with extraterrestrial intelligence, through the Orion nebula where new stars are forming, through the solar system, on a short detour to Mars, and then finally back home. “At the end of this personal voyage, we see the Earth anew, as if we arrived from somewhere else,” Carl Sagan says. It sure felt like it, especially since you were in the driver’s seat of the ship for much of the journey. When watching Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, particularly from the point of view of the “ship of the imagination,” it sometimes almost lends itself to the illusion that you are physically making your way through those endless clusters of stars.
But it’s not just to the depths of space that you take a personal voyage to in Carl Sagan’s Cosmos: A Personal Voyage. You journey into the microscopic world. You see the insides of your body’s cells. You see how DNA replicates and how blood clots form in wounds. You see white blood cells ravenously attacking invaders. Cosmos: A Personal Voyage is a journey to Venus and Mars, and also one across the many lands of our own world. Carl Sagan goes from Japan, to India, to Egypt, to Greece, to the Netherlands, to England, to his home in New York City, to the deserts of the American southwest, to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California to check on the Voyager probes, and onward. All the places and people you encounter on this voyage are a part of how we came to understand the universe, and their stories are told.
Carl Sagan’s Cosmos: A Personal Voyage is also a journey in time. We experience the origins of our species from a primordial soup. We also see ourselves standing on a cosmic calendar that stretches from the Big Bang on January 1st to our own day, the last second of December 31st. We find that we emerged so recently that our recorded history lasts only a few seconds of the cosmic year.
From the cells in our bodies to the fate of the galaxies, Cosmos: A Personal Voyage takes us to them all, and they’re all wrapped together in a cohesive story. We are very much taken on a cosmic Odyssey, with our own ship for our own time, to witness our own dangers that make us feel alive. Each episode is its own story. In one we may learn how Champollion deciphered the ancient Egyptian language, only to then figure out how we might decipher and communicate with an extraterrestrial civilization, the next chapter of the same story. In another episode of Cosmos, Carl Sagan guides us through the biological journey of life on Earth, leaving us with an epilogue of what life might be like on Jupiter or a planet like it, with vivid artwork.
Different as each episode may be – episode 2 about biological evolution, episode 9 about stellar evolution, episode 10 about cosmic evolution, and so on, each episode is like one whole book of an unfolding epic story, and they’re all stitched together to make a coherent whole. The beginning and the end of the epic are equally memorable. The first part of episode 1 shows us “on the shores of the cosmic ocean” and we make our journey across the universe. At the end of the last episode, after we’ve seen it all – big and small, Carl Sagan implores us to cherish ourselves and what the cosmos gave us, so that we may one day return to the awesome heavens from which we sprang.
Cosmos: A Personal Voyage is never told as a fact-based story. It’s rather an Odyssey based on facts. But an epic story is nothing without the storyteller, almost literally the bard in Cosmos‘ case. That brings us to the second reason why this show was so special.
The Skill of the Bard
A couple of years ago, I remember a friend saying that Carl Sagan was more like a storyteller than a scientist. He had more in common with Homer than he did with scientists working in a lab. Carl Sagan’s Cosmos wasn’t just a showcasing of his ability to simplify complex subjects with ordinary language, but to suck you into the story, to make it unfold at just the right pace. He paced you just right and then hit you with the big, awesome stuff.
Note the intermixing of facts with physical sensations and sensual cues, and the suggestions along with mysteries to contemplate, and then the call to action: “come with me.”
That’s a beginning like the Iliad or the Odyssey.
But more than these language patterns combined with the overall narrative technique that Cosmos: A Personal Voyage uses, was Carl Sagan’s personal qualities. Notably, his voice was perfect for the program. It was never monotonic, but never hit you in the face either. Instead he played various notes of a slow serenade, his voice full of wonder and fascination for the cosmos that he loved so much. Even though he was the one who was taking us on the voyage, the captain of the ship, the teacher of the secrets, he was still one of us. He was still in as much awe as we were by what he was showing us, and in a way, he was an equal, because there was so much more out there than either he or we knew.
And it was because Carl Sagan was fascinated so much for the cosmos that he spread those contagious emotions to us. He wanted to go deeper, and so did we. He set the tone throughout, and though that emotional atmosphere is often there in other programs of Cosmos’ genre, including its successor, Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, Carl Sagan’s Cosmos has it in more intensity, an intensity that is calm, but powerful, like the currents beneath an otherwise tranquil sea. While Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey was a worthy successor, Cosmos: A Personal Voyage is the program that changed its genre, with Carl Sagan as the change agent. All subsequent programs and science popularizers come in his wake.
By turning the complexity of the universe into an epic story and by telling it with the skill of a bard, Carl Sagan made the cosmos accessible. The voyage was as personal to him as to us. He made it that way. And when we look at the stars in the night sky (provided we can see them, that is), and wonder about those planets orbiting them and whether or not there’s little critters crawling around or maybe extraterrestrial trips patrolling the distances between those stars, we are in many ways channeling thoughts that came from him. And then we return to Earth, and remember what he told us: “we are star stuff contemplating the stars.”
What other scientist has had such influence on our thoughts as he did?
To learn how to transform your message into such a story of unforgettable power, read Stumped. In particular, its fourth chapter covers the use of voice technique much like Carl Sagan’s.


2020 has been an interesting year, viruses shutting down nations, outrage at inequality in society and a closer look on our history. As an English speaking nation you'd be forgiven in not knowing an a-lot about Mozambique. I admit I did not know much, but was intrigued as I spoke to a young lady called Jennifer Castelo.
Key facts on Mozambique
1) Ancient artefacts show that the ancestors of the Mozambique people were hunters and one of the first recorded to consume cereals in the human race. It is believed that the Bantu people were the first to live in this part of the world.
2) It was formerly known as the land Sofa noted by the Arabs in 947AD. They were known throughout the Middle East as a place rich in gold. It later became known for the trade of Ivory until the Portuguese made fortunes trading slaves.
3) Mozambique was forcibly colonised by Portugal as one of the many European invaders who over-ruled the inhabitants and named the country Portuguese East Africa. It was a strategic port that benefited their various trades. Portugal entered the country in order to get wealth and enticed companies to help fund this quest by providing them with native slaves. For this reason prior to World War One half of the country was under Lisbon's administration and the other by the companies such as the Mozambique company founded in 1891.
4) Due to various insurrections in the Portuguese Empire, the African colonies were too expensive to sustain. For decades to come Mozambique becomes a country ruled by one party until it becomes the first country to be admitted into the British commonwealth in 1995 (who had not been colonised by Britain).
5) Due to mass migration of Portuguese people to the region there is still a strong social and cultural tie to Portugal. This is something that is strong evident in the music, the food and the language still present to this day.
Experience as a creative of colour
Jennifer is a descendant from a caucasian Portuguese mother and a black Mozambique father. A former child model and dancer, who is now acting, Jennifer has always been in the creative industry.
As a shorter lady, in an industry that can often only be interested in a one size, an unrealistic body her modelling ended when she went through adolescence and became a female. As a person with curves, Jennifer recalled being told she did not fit the quota because her hips were too wide and her bottom was too big. No matter how she was taught to conceal it, she could never hide who she truly is. Comments like these were also what eventually contributed to her leaving her ballet classes.
Jennifer recalls having a tough time mentally because she would ask her body developed before others which was confusing at the time. This lead to her asking "Why is my body growing?" "Why are others not growing?" Jennifer has naturally more hair around her body, which lead to bullying at school. Fortunately she had a loving father who was able to speak life into her, he taught her that she is beautiful and that she needs to "appreciate what you have". From this point onwards she began to accept who she was and embrace the body she was blessed with.
Jennifer's three wishes when visiting Mozambique in 2021
After the lockdown is over Jennifer would love to visit Mozambique which she and her father have not been for her entire lifetime. When I asked her what she would like to do when she visits the country she told me the following;
1) To visit her roots in Maputo and Beira in the country of Mozambique. This is to connect with her father's native land. In particular she would love to view the Suburbs of Mozambique to see how regular people live their lives.
2) To learn the language spoken by the people especially Cape Verdean Creole.
3) Meet the family she had never met.
Personally I am of the opinion that having your feet touch the soil from where your family is from for the first time is quite a spiritual moment. By this I mean there is a great connection you feel in your inner being. You feel connected to your family history, your culture just like looking at old photos of your relatives before you were born.
I have not touched on the Portuguese connection as much as it is infused in her Mozambique connection. This is not because it is not important to her, but simply because she has been many times and is familiar with the culture, what places to go and even what places I would have loved to visit on my trips there.
Jennifer has not given up on her creativity. She is looking either to get into acting or music as the arts is still her passion. She is happy that more recently she has been getting more auditions which is a sign her appearance is more accepted in an industry that often wants a certain look. She is also studying at University media and marketing and is focused on achieving academically.
Shooting with Blaqpix Photography
To Jennifer's pleasure, it was refreshing and uplifting to shoot with me as I appreciated her for who she is, even in areas others had previously rejected. As a creative I enjoy shooting people of all shapes and sizes. I see beauty passed the standards in media and fashion.
We shot in two different locations, the home studio in Croydon and a local common. The images ranged from conventional portraiture, candid, fashion and touched on fine art. We embraced her curves in the shoot. We demonstrated that you don't need to be skinny and tall in order to look good in front of a camera.
Before the shoot I was warned, "I take a while to warm up" (meaning it will take a while until she is comfortable with her images being captured). This is quite normal, especially when with a person you have never met before. My experience working with people has taught me how to put people at ease and to get the best out of people who may not see themselves as "photogenic". I feel Jennifer smashed it and did really well.
Jennifer has promised to feedback to me how her trip to Mozambique goes, hopefully she will get what she wants and more. I have learned from Jennifer valuable lessons in life, one day I hope to be a father and my words will one day have the ability to speak life into my children. I have also learned to be persistent and to not allow destructive words to hold me back.
Shooting with me
Information on my photography can be found on the main website www.blaqpix.com where you can contact me via the web form.


Video game effects on children
When one considers the increasing prevalence of video games in modern culture, one cannot help but notice the advent and progressively increasing fiscal success of violent video games. These violent, driven titles consistently post sales numbers with every installment of the ever-growing franchises rivaled only by the highest echelon of sports titles. While all video games share many of the same fundamental functions, there are marked differences that help define the violent genre and insure its continually expanding prevalence in modern society.
Artifacts ; issue 09 (2014)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License.


Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are dramatic slope failures caused by thaw of ice-rich permafrost. In a RTS, an escarpment at the upper end of the slump advances by thaw, sediment falls onto the adjacent slump floor, and then is transported away by water erosion or sliding. Our comprehensive inventory of RTS in the 5 National Park Service units of northern Alaska (82,000 km2) located over 700 RTS that exposed a total of about 2.4 km2 of bare soil. These RTS are mostly in valleys of the Brooks Range that were glaciated in the Late Plestocene, and not in the ice-rich eolian (yedoma) deposits of unglaciated areas like the northern Seward Peninsula. Escarpments revealed glacial ice 1 to 4 m below the surface in many slumps. Examination of historical aerial photographs from the c. 1950 and c. 1980 show that RTS were also active in the past, though probably not as active as today. Some current RTS are re-working areas covered by RTS in the past, indicating that residual ice remained after previous slumping episodes. NPS is monitoring the growth of selected slumps with 3D models created from aerial photographs. Scarp heights ranges from 1.5 to 20 m. Scarp retreat rates of over 20 m per year have been observed on several slumps. Differencing the elevations models between years showed that annual subsidence in the newly formed part of the slumps was comparable to the scarp height. On most of the slumps, liquefied material adjacent to the scarp flowed downhill into an accumulation zone coinciding approximately to the zone of the previous year's subsidence, where the surface rose a meter or two.


NASA looks to space for better earthquake data
- By Henry Kenyon
- Apr 27, 2012
A space-based earthquake detection system will soon be providing scientists and first responders with accurate and precise real-time data about the location and intensity of a seismic event.
The prototype system, which NASA is testing on the West Coast, uses satellites to monitor ground-based Global Positioning System sensors for minute changes in their location.
The Real-time Earthquake Analysis for Disaster (READI) Mitigation Network uses GPS data streamed in from about 500 ground stations across California, Oregon and Washington.
Earthquakes are something to tweet about
Predicting earthquake risks and effects around the world
When a major earthquake occurs, the GPS data is used to automatically calculate its location, magnitude and other geological details, NASA said in a release announcing the project.
READI is based on decades of research by the National Science Foundation, the Defense Department, NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey.
Conventional seismic networks have had difficulty in pinpointing the true size of the major earthquakes of the past decade, Timothy Melbourne, director of Central Washington University’s Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array, said in a statement. “This GPS system is more likely to provide accurate and rapid estimates of the location and amount of fault slip to fire, utility, medical and other first responder teams,” he said.
Rapidly identifying and locating earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 and higher is vital for first response and disaster mitigation efforts, especially when there is the possibility of a tsunami, NASA said. Precise, by-the-second measurements of ground displacement with GPS-based sensors has been demonstrated to reduce the time needed to verify the scale and location of a large earthquake and to increase the accuracy of tsunami predictions.
After the READI network’s capabilities have been fully tested and demonstrated, it will be handed over to federal natural disaster monitoring agencies such as the USGS and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
A number of institutions are collaborating to support and operate the READI network. They include Scripps at the University of California in San Diego; Central Washington University in Ellensburg; the University of Nevada in Reno; California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion in Pasadena; UNAVCO in Boulder, Colo.; and the University of California at Berkeley.
The GPS stations in the network are supported by NASA, NSF, USGS and other federal, state and local organizations.


September 23, 2012
How Technology Is Helping People To Get And Stay Healthy
redOrbit Staff & Wire Reports — Your Universe Online
Technology is often blamed for making those using it less healthy, but an increasing number of people are relying on apps and gadgets to monitor their well-being, according to recent media reports.For example, 63-year-old Larry Smarr of La Jolla, California uses a device known as FitBit, which serves as a pedometer while also tracking his caloric intake, as well as a Zeo, which monitors and graphs the different phases of his sleep cycle and then sends the information to his smartphone, according to CNN's Elizabeth Landau.
In addition, there are mobile apps that help Smarr and other health-conscious techies keep track of their heart rate, pulse and even their emotional well-being, the CNN reporter said. In all, such advances demonstrate how exercise and electronics, computing and conditioning, are increasingly becoming intertwined.
"A diet and fitness tracking app called SparkPeople has helped Michelle Jackson, 39, lose 102 pounds since March 2011," Landau said. "Jackson uses the app to schedule all meals she plans to eat for the next week, starting with Sunday, but can make adjustments if plans change. The app suggests the calories, fat, protein and carbs to eat daily, and also helps her track the number of calories she burns as she records fitness activities."
Other apps are helping those with serious health conditions, such as Type 1 diabetes, manage those diseases, explained Sheryl Ubelacker, a reporter with The Canadian Press. Such was the case with Sara Nita, who was looking for a way to electronically monitor and track trends with her diabetic son Marcus's blood glucose levels when she discovered Bant.
"I wanted something that I could view on my phone when he's away at school and the teacher calls and says: 'Do you remember what he was, whenever?' So I just wanted to have a log of it, instead of carrying a paper copy here and there and everywhere," Nita told Ubelacker. "I really like it because it shows ups and downs, and the way you can tell if he's starting to decline, maybe he might need a little less insulin or a little more, depending on his history in the last couple of days“¦ When he realizes his trends, he can say ... maybe I should talk to Mom about maybe changing my insulin dose, maybe calling the doctor to get an adjustment.'"
"The Bant is just one medical-related app under development by the University Health Network in Toronto," Ubelacker said. "Nita is using the public version of Bant, but UHN hopes to have a more advanced adaptation that automatically reads the data from a glucometer -- the device that takes blood-sugar readings from a skin prick -- available for free download soon."
As Hitesh Raj Bhagat and Karan Bajaj of The Economic Times pointed out in an August article, though, it isn't just smartphone apps that have become available for tech-savvy individuals interested in using that know-how to keep track of their own wellbeing. From scales that use Wi-Fi networks to upload data to an online account so that an individual can track his or her progress, to a pedometer that uses games to encourage people to participate in fitness activities, it can be easy to "use technology to plan and achieve your fitness goals."


Heavy metal poisoning
Other Names for this Disease
- Chronic heavy metal poisoning
- Heavy Metal Toxicity
Heavy metal poisoning refers to an overexposure to lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium or other high density or metallic element that causes irritation or damage to the body. Heavy metals can be found naturally in the environment, in homes, or at the work place. Sudden severe exposures as well as moderate exposures over time can cause toxicity. Depending on the exposure, metals can increase cancer risk, impair production of red and white blood cells, and affect physical and mental health.
Last updated: 2/8/2013
- Lab Tests Online . Heavy Metals . American Association for Clinical Chemistry . March 14, 2009; http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/heavy-metals/tab/test. Accessed 2/8/2013.
- You can find information on heavy metal poisoning by searching the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) A-Z Index list. Click on the link above to view the Web page.
- The United States Department of Labor provides information on toxic metals. Click on the link above to view the information page.
- Lab Tests Online, a Web site developed by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, provides detailed in formation on heavy metal poisoning. Click on Lab Tests Online to view the information pages.
- The Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry offers a Toxic Substances Portal where you can learn more about risk levels and health effects of heavy metals. Click on the link above to view the portal.
- The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library provides information on this condition for patients and caregivers.
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Heavy metal poisoning. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.


“Pit bull” is generally a occupancy referring to a medium-sized tooth or dog. But solitary few know that the name ‘pit bull’ is, itself, not referring to a parentage of dogs, but instead a collective residence utilised to mostly term a cipher of kind of dogs with aforesaid biological attributes.
Famous breeds of dogs look-alike the American Pit Bull Terrier, the American Staffordshire Terrier and the Staffordshire Bull Terrier are categorised as pit bulls. Other breeds that trip up under the accumulation are: the English Bull Terrier, the American Bulldog, the Boxer, Perro de Presa Canario and the Argentine Dogo.
To be clear, and as scientific discipline and experts privation to emphasize, the stemma of dog ‘pit bull’ does not be alive. Pit cattle is only a word or unremarkably a nickname nearly new to advert to the American Pit Bull Terrier.Post ads:
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The American Pit Bull Terrier
Throughout the set book of this article, the phrase ‘pit bull’ will bring up to the American Pit Bull Terrier.
Male pit bulls on the mean weigh 45 lbs to 85 lbs or nearly 20 to 38 kilograms; females measure 30 lbs to 80 lbs or 14 to 36 kilograms.Post ads:
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Pit bulls are e'er delineated as the body builders among all the dogs because they become visible as if they have tonal and accentuated muscles. The reality is, yes, their bodies are by some means muscular, but they be more buffy because their coats are so fugitive.
Through the years, pit bulls are specified and notable because of people’s mental representation that they are intelligent, confident, dedicated and disposition. Like chicken, then again the comparing may not be likely to pit bull lovers and to the pit bulls themselves, pit bulls are famous for their exceedingly utmost start to twinge.
That means pit bulls will just cognizance discomfort no substance what is done to them or to their organic structure environment.
The dictatorial dog
Pit bulls are looked upon by quality societies as dogs that display unfriendliness and control complete other dogs. The expression ‘dog eat dog world’ can be attributed to them.
However, they may be dog aggressive, but in general, pit bulls are amiable and nature to grouping. It is because they certificate the necessity of getting humans’ affection--that ability diet and charitable.
In that reason, pit bulls, even how contractor and determined they may facial expression like, are not wonderful to be designated or skilled as protector dogs.
However, both pit bulls, no substance how temperamental and good they are in make-up to humans, can be housebroken to be sullen. Unsavoury owners of one pit bulls drill the dogs to be rasping because they poorness their pets to be demoralizing.
Thus, those instances, once pit bulls are hardened to scare ans scare people, take home up for the societal reproductive structure on all sides of the modern pit bulls. Nowadays because of according cases of pit oxen attacks, pit bulls are negatively stereotypical.
Pit bulls’ origins and patrimonial condition can be derived to England. Dog experts assertion that red-brick pit bulls are straight connected to English White Terrier, the Bulldog and the Black and Tan Terrier. These breeds are now extinct, but someway they have evolved to be the current pit bulls.
In England during the past years, pit bulls’ ancestors were treasured and bred for their juvenile and antipathetic behavior. They were bred to fight, a moment ago like how cocks are faveolate in opposition each other today in cockfights.
Pit bulls are merely adorable! No situation how connote every of them can get at times, near their cute and huggable appearance, who will not phase transition their short whist out completed these dogs?


“Enough To Make Angels Weep” takes an objective, in-depth look at the Civil War service history of the Thirty-eighth Indiana Infantry, a regiment originally raised from local militia groups in counties across southern Indiana in 1861. This narrative focuses specifically upon the activities of the common “western” soldier within the Thirty-eighth’s ranks, including camp life, adventures on the march, and the extreme hardships they suffered during active campaigns. Nicknamed “the double-backboned Hoosiers” in early 1862 because of their ability to endure long, arduous marches, the men of the Thirty-eighth Indiana also participated in some of the most vicious and bloody battles and campaigns of the Civil War’s western theatre. From the carnage wrought upon the rolling hills north of Perryville, KY in October 1862 to General William T. Sherman’s decisive onslaught through the deep South in 1864-65 during the battles for Atlanta, the March to the Sea, and the Carolinas Campaign, the fighting spirit and determination of the Thirty-eighth Indiana endured, despite the regiment leaving its honored dead in 10 states spanning 33 different skirmishes and major engagements. The resilience and fortitude of these men, most straight from the farm fields of southern Indiana, clearly resonates to the reader as this narrative follows their transition from shiny, new recruits at the outbreak of war to grizzled, hardened veterans by war's end.
“After thirteen months hard soldiering in Tennessee and Alabama we came nearly home to fight our first Battle. It was our first, worst, and hope twill be our last. During our engagement, we did not change position, were lying down behind the crest of a ridge, would raise to our feet, fire and lie down again. In this position we fought till all our ammunition was expended, when we were called off. There three or four hours, the scene was terrific, the elements above us seemed tearing to pieces with bursting shells. The old Flag at the head of our company was riddled with balls. Though I was aware of two or more Regiments against ours, I was satisfied that we were giving them hell for there couldn’t be more coolness displayed in times of Battle than was by our Regiment and the dead Rebels found next day was evidence enough of the fact that our shots told well.” -2nd Lt. Thomas S.W. Hawkins
About Traie Shelhart
Carl “Traie” Shelhart is a 2001 graduate of Grand Valley State University in Allendale, MI. Traie has maintained a fervent passion for 18th and 19th Century American history, specifically the Revolutionary and Civil War periods, throughout his years spent as a field archaeologist, state park ranger, and medical assistant since his graduation from GVSU. Traie has also spent fifteen plus years as a Civil War living historian, first with Co. D, 38th Indiana Infantry and most recently with Co. K, 5th Michigan Infantry. “Enough To Make Angels Weep” is his first historical narrative. Feel free to contact him at firstname.lastname@example.org with questions, comments, or further information.


Riemenschneider, Tilman (tĭlˈmän rēˈmənshnĪˌdər) [key], c.1460–1531, German Renaissance sculptor, who worked in stone and wood. He was in Würzburg by 1483. In 1520 he was made burgomaster, but he was imprisoned in 1525 because of participation in the peasant insurrection, and little is known about his work in later years. He created slender figures with delicately carved, expressive faces, all arranged in clearly ordered, though not static, compositions. His stone tombs of Bishop Rudolf von Scherenberg in the cathedral at Würzburg and of Emperor Henry II and his wife in the cathedral at Bamberg are well known, as are his stone Adam and Eve (Würzburg Mus.) and his wooden altar in Rothenburg ob der Tauber. Examples of his work are in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., and in the Metropolitan and Cleveland museums.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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7 March 2019
Sol 2340: And objects in the rear-view mirror may appear… interesting!
Posted by Ryan Anderson
In the current plan, we start with a dust devil survey to look for them while they are still in season. This is followed by a ChemCam investigation ‘Schiehallion’ and an RMI mosaic on ‘Motherwell.’ Mastcam will finish off the investigation with multispectral images on the block in front of us, which contain the previous APXS targets ‘Fife’ and ‘Arbuthnott.’ So far, so routine, but then there was the look in the rear-view mirror!
Finishing up at the ‘Midland Valley’ outcrop also included the inspection of a wide range of new images. In those images the team discovered a block that allows a unique 3D view of the rocks in the area. As the rover stands at this moment, the rock of interest is just behind it, with the line of sight and ChemCam line of laser shot blocked by the rover itself. The question was, whether to proceed as planned and drive away from the site, or to turn the rover around and take the opportunity to observe this block from the top and the side. This way, we would gain a three-dimensional view of the layering as well as chemical information. This would be important information to investigate depositional conditions of those rocks, and thus help our understanding of the new environment of the clay-bearing unit, as part of which this rock was deposited. We decided to take the turn.
As a start, in today’s plan, the rock was named ‘Muir of Ord’ and – in an unusual manoeuvre only possible because of the very short and well understood drive to turn the rover around – Mastcam will be able to get multispectral imagery in the same sol. Chemical information and MAHLI will add to the investigations in the future. So, stay tuned!
Written by Susanne Schwenzer, Planetary Geologist at The Open University


This overview map of the Nov. 3, 2013 annular and total solar eclipse, a hybrid solar eclipse, shows the path of the event. Cartographer Michael Zeiler of Eclipse-Maps.com created this map.
Credit: Michael Zeiler/Eclipse-Maps.com
Editor's Note: For the latest info and skywatching guides for the Nov. 3 solar eclipse, read: Secrets of Sunday's Rare Solar Eclipse Explained
An amazing partial solar eclipse will be visible across much of Eastern Seaboard as the sun rises on Sunday (Nov. 3), but only if Mother Nature allows, skywatching experts say.
The celestial event is known as a hybrid solar eclipse, a rare event in which the moon blocks most of the sun for some regions on Earth, but covers the star entirely from others. Along the east coast of North America, only a partial solar eclipse will be visible, weather permitting.
"It'll be a weird and dramatic spectacle, if your east horizon is clear," Robert Naeye, editor in chief of Sky & Telescope magazine, said in a statement. [Photos: Nov. 3 Hybrid Solar Eclipse Visibility Maps & Images]
Solar eclipses occur when the new moon lines up directly between the sun and Earth, appearing to cover the disk of the sun as seen from the planet's surface. Because the moon's orbit is tilted, it does not always line up perfectly, which is why there is not a total solar eclipse every month. Partial alignments allow for partial solar eclipses, and when the moon is too close to Earth to block the entire sun it creates a "ring of fire" eclipse, or annular eclipse.
Sunday's solar eclipse will begin as annular eclipse and transition to a total eclipse for observers in Africa. The sun will appear totally obscured for viewers along the path of totality in parts of equatorial Africa. A partial phase of the eclipse, meanwhile, will be visible across most of Africa, the Middle East, southernmost Europe, northern South America and the Caribbean. Observers on the East Coast will be treated to an amazing photographic and skywatching opportunity, provided they have proper solar filters and eclipse glasses for safe viewing.
Cartographer Michael Zeiler of Eclipse-Maps.com has created a series of amazing maps chronicling the entire timeline of Sunday's solar eclipse. You can see those maps at his Nov. 3 eclipse website here.
Experts at Sky & Telescope magazine say early risers looking for the partial solar eclipse in the eastern United States and Canada should get to a place as far east as possible with an open view of the eastern horizon. There, they should be able to see the sun rise — at about 6:30 a.m. local time — while partially blocked by the silhouette of the new moon.
Editor's note: If you snap an amazing photo of Sunday's solar eclipse or any other celestial sight that you'd like to share for a possible story or image gallery, please contact managing editor Tariq Malik at firstname.lastname@example.org.
From Boston and New York, the sun will seem to be more than 50 percent covered by the moon, while from Miami and Washington, D.C., our nearest star will appear 47 percent obscured.
The partial solar eclipse will only be visible for about 45 minutes in most places, fading as the sun climbs higher into the morning sky.
"I'll be out bright and early," Alan MacRobert, a senior editor of Sky & Telescope in Cambridge, Mass., said in a statement. "I've got a hillside scouted out with a good view of where the sun comes up."
People as far west as southern Ontario, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle might be able to see the partial eclipse if they have a clear view of the flat eastern horizon, but the sun will only seem briefly to have a small nick taken out of it, Sky & Telescope experts said.
Warning: Never look directly at the sun, either with the naked eye or through telescopes or binoculars without the proper filters. Doing so could result in permanent and serious eye damage, including blindness. Astronomers and amateur eclipse chasers use special filters to safely observe the sun and photograph eclipses.
Sunday's solar eclipse comes on the heels of a partial lunar eclipse on Oct. 18, in which the full moon passed through the outer edges of Earth's shadow (known as the penumbra) in what scientists call a penumbral lunar eclipse.


Introduction: Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed with unprecedented speed. The phased introduction of vaccines may be serving to offset the impact of new viral variants and policy relaxation. In order to assess the impact of vaccination, we examined a snapshot of vaccination rates across counties in a single state, at a single time point, comparing them with population-adjusted case counts.
Methods: We calculated descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations for vaccination rates and cases across counties in New York State (NYS). We conducted a linear regression using cases/100K population per NYS county, frozen at a single snapshot in time, as the outcome variable, predicted by percentage of each county’s population (completed series/two doses), controlling for county population.
Results: Percentages with one dose and with two doses were highly correlated (r=.935, P<.001) with one another. Both the one dose and two dose z rates were negatively correlated with cases per 100K population (not significant). Population size was strongly correlated with cases per 100K (r=.715, P<.001). The two-dose vaccination rate was a significant negative predictor of cases per 100K population in NYS counties (β= -.866, P=.031), with each percentage point of completed vaccination nearly equating to one case less in the daily count when controlling for county population size (β =2.732, P<.001).
Conclusion: While variants may impact vaccine effectiveness, current vaccination efforts are helping forestall some cases in NYS. Widespread vaccination is still an important goal. Primary care providers, public officials, and public health scientists should continue to urgently promote and support vaccination efforts.
The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020.1 The virus is spread primarily through person-to-person contact,2 and both airborne transmission and spread by asymptomatic individuals are likely pathways to transmit SARS-CoV-2.3,4 COVID-19 has been responsible for over 32 million cases and over 572,000 deaths in the United States, numbers which continue to grow each day.4
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed with unprecedented speed. Three are presently in use in the United States, including two that use a messenger RNA (mRNA) vector, and one that relies upon an adenovirus vector.5-8 Based on the limited availability of the supply of COVID-19 vaccine in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided recommendations for phased vaccination, prioritizing health care workers as well as those living and working in long-term care facilities. As supplies increased, eligibility expanded to other frontline essential workers, followed by those over the age of 65 and younger individuals with high-risk comorbidities.10 In New York State (NYS), the final groups to become eligible were all other essential workers, followed by healthy adults.10,11 All individuals aged 16 years and over subsequently became eligible to receive the vaccine in NYS (April 6, 2021) and across the United States (April 19, 2021).12,13
In late March 2021, cases of COVID-19 began to rise in NYS and across the United States, representing a third spike in NYS14 and a fourth for the United States as a whole.15 A combination of new viral variants,16 combined with premature relaxation of social distancing measures17 that had proved effective earlier in the pandemic,18 likely contributed to the latest spike. The phased introduction of vaccines, however, may be serving to offset the impact of new viral variants and policy relaxation. Several reports from the CDC have noted disparities in vaccination coverage by geography and population, noting disparities across the rural-urban divide,19 by social vulnerability,20 and across county borders.20 However, to date, we have seen no studies that directly examine the relationship between vaccination and test positivity rates for COVID-19 at the county level. In order to assess the impact of vaccination, we examined a snapshot of vaccination rates across counties in a single state, at a single time point, comparing them with population-adjusted case counts.
The NYS Department of Health shares vaccination rates per county through the NYS COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker tool, using data reported to the NYS Immunization Information System and the New York City Citywide Immunization Registry.21 This online resource is updated daily and includes the number of vaccinated individuals per county, including those who have received at least one vaccine dose and those who have received a completed vaccine series. COVID-19 case rates at the county level are also widely available for all states including NYS, via a cases-per-100K population variable based on a 7-day average that is publicly available from Johns Hopkins University.22 We extracted NYS data from both sources to calculate the relationship between vaccination and case rates, and to incorporate analysis of county population, as well. We created the data set for analysis using information available on March 31, 2021.
We calculated descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations for vaccination rates (percent of population with one dose, and with two doses or completed series) and cases across the 62 counties of NYS. We then conducted the core analysis as a linear regression, using cases/100K population per NYS county, frozen at a single snapshot in time (March 31), as the outcome variable, predicted by percentage of each county’s population (completed series/two doses), controlling for county population. We conducted all analyses using IBM SPSS Statistics v 27. As only aggregated public data were used, this project did not constitute human subjects research.
NYS counties had a mean of 29.7 cases per 100K residents (range: 6.2-108.3). On March 31, NYS had vaccinated approximately 31% of its residents (mean county percent: 30.98, range: 21.8%-57.4%) with one dose of vaccine, and a mean of 18% (mean county percent: 18.12, range: 12.3% - 41.8%) of residents with a full vaccination course (Table 1).
Percentages with one dose and with two doses were highly correlated (r=.935, P<.001) with one another. Both the one-dose and two-dose rates were negatively correlated with cases per 100K population, but the association was not significant at the .05 level in bivariate testing. Population size was strongly correlated with cases per 100K (r=.715, P<.001). Further detail is provided in Table 2.
The two-dose vaccination rate was a significant negative predictor of cases per 100K population in NYS Counties (β= -.866, P=.031), with each percentage point of completed vaccination nearly equating to one case less in the daily count on March 31, when controlling for county population size (β =2.732, P<.001; Table 3).
While variants of concern (B.1.1.7/Alpha, P.1/Gamma, B.1.351/Beta, B.1.167.2/Delta) may impact vaccine effectiveness, current vaccination efforts appear to have nonetheless helped forestall some cases in New York State during spring 2021. Despite any concerns about vaccine effectiveness in the face of emerging variants, widespread vaccination, with those vaccines that are currently available, is still an important goal. Population levels, and possibly by implication, population density, are also related to case emergence. Large gatherings and business openings may still be risky. This underscores the need to offset derestriction with robust vaccination efforts.
This study faced several limitations. First, data series of vaccination rates were not readily available, and many data relevant to COVID-19 were difficult to acquire. This study was performed with a snapshot of 1 day of data. Nevertheless, we strongly believe a time series would reveal the same information. There are also reporting errors or discrepancies as data are reported from counties, to states, and then aggregated in public reporting mechanisms. We believe these data are robust enough to be used in the analysis as presented. Also, the role of COVID-19 variants was not considered in this study. Public data on variant tracking are extremely limited, both by limited reporting and by the existence of good variant tracking itself. It is also important to note that, as a cross-sectional, single-day, retrospective, observational study of association, we cannot establish a causal link between vaccination rates and test positivity per county with this analysis. It is, however, highly suggestive of the importance of vaccination.
Limitations aside, we believe this study provides additional evidence for the effectiveness of the current vaccines available in the United States in stemming the tide of emergent COVID-19 infections. Even though the Delta variant appears to evade both natural and vaccine-induced immunity to some extent, current vaccines in the United States are still effective at preventing serious illness and hospitalization.23,24 Future research is already underway across the world assessing the effectiveness of vaccines against new variants, and we urge that such research continue across the spectrum, from the serological to the population level. Meanwhile, primary care providers, public officials, and public health scientists should continue to urgently promote and support vaccination efforts.
Conflict Disclosure: The authors listed have no relationships, circumstances, or conditions that present a potential conflict of interest.
- Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al; China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-1720. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
- How COVID-19 Spreads. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated July 14, 2021. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html
- Johansson MA, Quandelacy TM, Kada S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Transmission from people without COVID-19 symptoms. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(1):e2035057. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.35057
- United States: COVID-19 Overview. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/
- COVID-19 Vaccination. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Page Reviewed August 11, 2021. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/index.html
- Developing COVID-19 Vaccines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated September 8, 2021. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/distributing/steps-ensure-safety.html
- Keech C, Albert G, Cho I, et al. Phase 1-2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(24):2320-2332. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2026920
- Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Overview and Safety. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated June 23, 2021. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/janssen.html
- CDC’s COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout Recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated August 30, 2021. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations-process.html
- New York State’s COVID-19 Vaccination Program. New York State Department of Health. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://covid19vaccine.health.ny.gov/
- Herd immunity and COVID-19 (coronavirus): What you need to know. Mayo Clinic. August 28, 2021. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/herd-immunity-and-coronavirus/art-20486808
- Governor Cuomo Announces New Yorkers 30 Years of Age and Older Will Be Eligible to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine. Office of the Governer of the State of New York. https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-new-yorkers-30-years-age-and-older-will-be-eligible-receive-covid-19
- Your COVID-19 Vaccination. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. September 9, 2021. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/your-vaccination.html
- Hurley C. Amid surging COVID-19 cases, New York Mayor de Blasio orders 80,000 city workers back to offices. World Socialist Web Site. Published March 28, 2021. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2021/03/29/blas-m29.html
- Baker S, Witherspoon A. US enters a fourth wave as variants drive more coronavirus cases. Axios. Published April 1, 2021. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-cases-infections-hospital-variants-d0f5850c-6098-431c-b38c-55b82cce2b8c.html
- Wise J. Covid-19: new coronavirus variant is identified in UK. BMJ. 2020;371:m4857. doi:10.1136/bmj.m4857
- Tsai AC, Harling G, Reynolds ZC, Gilbert RF, Siedner MJ. COVID-19 transmission in the U.S. Before vs. Before relaxation of state social distancing measures. medRxiv. Published online August 2020:2020.07.15.20154534. doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.20154534
- Morley CP, Anderson KB, Shaw J, Stewart T, Thomas SJ, Wang D. Social distancing metrics and estimates of SARS-COV-2 transmission rates: associations between mobile telephone data tracking and R. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2020;26(6):606-612. doi:10.1097/PHH.0000000000001240
- Murthy BP, Sterrett N, Weller D, et al. Disparities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage between urban and rural counties - United States, December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(20):759-764. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7020e3
- Hughes MM, Wang A, Grossman MK, et al. County-level COVID-19 vaccination coverage and social vulnerability - United States, December 14, 2020-March 1, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(12):431-436. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7012e1
- COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker. New York State. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://covid19vaccine.health.ny.gov/covid-19-vaccine-tracker
- COVID-19 Overview State Overview: New York. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Research Center. Accessed September 23, 2021. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/region/us/new-york
- Bernal JL, Andrews N, Gower C, et al. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant. 2021;385(7):585-594. https://doi.org/101056/NEJMoa2108891
- Sheikh A, McMenamin J, Taylor B, Robertson C; Public Health Scotland and the EAVE II Collaborators. SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness. Lancet. 2021;397(10293):2461-2462. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01358-1


Information Technology (IT) is the backbone of modern business operations, encompassing a wide array of hardware, software, networks, and services that facilitate the efficient management, processing, and accessibility of data and applications. From the early days of mainframe computers to the transformative impact of cloud computing, AI, and cybersecurity, the evolution of IT has revolutionized how organizations operate and communicate. In this article, we will delve into the fundamentals of Information Technology, exploring its key components, roles in business, challenges faced by IT professionals, and its ever-growing influence on the IT landscape.
What is Information Technology (IT), and why is it important?
Information Technology (IT) has become integral to our modern lives. You might have heard the term thrown around, but what exactly does it entail? In simple terms, IT refers to using technology to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate information. It involves various tools, systems, and techniques to manage data and support decision-making processes.
The Importance of IT
It is crucial in shaping how we live, work, and interact in today's digital age. Its significance is felt across industries, businesses, and our personal lives. Let's delve into some of the key reasons why Information Technology is so important:
Efficient Communication and Connectivity
It has revolutionized communication by breaking down barriers of time and distance. With the internet and various communication tools, we can now connect with anyone worldwide at the click of a button. This has enhanced collaboration, allowing teams from different locations to work together seamlessly.
Enhanced Data Management
Data is a valuable asset for organizations, and IT enables efficient data management. Businesses can collect, store, and analyze vast amounts of information through databases, cloud storage, and data analytics. This data-driven approach aids in making informed decisions and gaining valuable insights into market trends and customer behavior.
Automation and Increased Productivity
It has automated many tasks that were once time-consuming and labor-intensive. This automation boosts productivity and reduces the likelihood of errors, as machines can perform repetitive tasks with precision.
Supporting Innovation and Research
Innovation and research are the cornerstones of progress. It provides scientists, engineers, and researchers with the tools and resources to explore new frontiers and develop groundbreaking technologies and solutions.
Streamlined Business Operations
For businesses, IT streamlines operations and improves efficiency. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software, and Supply Chain Management (SCM) tools help manage various aspects of business, from inventory to customer interactions, all in one centralized platform.
E-commerce and Global Reach
It has facilitated the rise of e-commerce. Companies can now reach customers worldwide, breaking traditional geographical barriers and opening new markets.
Security and Data Protection
As we rely more on digital data, IT also plays a vital role in ensuring the security and protection of sensitive information. Robust cybersecurity measures safeguard against data breaches and cyber-attacks.
Education and Learning
It has transformed the way we access education. Online learning platforms, virtual classrooms, and educational apps have made learning more accessible and flexible.
In conclusion, Information Technology (IT) is a driving force in our rapidly evolving world. Its importance cannot be overstated, as it empowers individuals, businesses, and societies to achieve new heights of connectivity, productivity, and innovation. Embracing and leveraging IT can unlock countless opportunities, and businesses that adapt to the digital landscape are better poised for success.
For more information about IT asset management solutions and how UCS Logistics can support your organization, visit our website: UCS Logistics.
What are the main components of an IT infrastructure?
An IT infrastructure is the foundation that supports an organization's entire information technology ecosystem. It encompasses various hardware, software, networks, and services that work together to facilitate the flow, storage, processing, and accessibility of data and applications. Let's explore the main components that make up an IT infrastructure:
Servers are powerful computers designed to handle and manage various services and applications. They store and process data, host websites, manage emails, and perform other critical tasks that require robust computing capabilities.
This includes routers, switches, firewalls, and access points that enable data transmission and communication between devices within the organization's network and the wider internet.
End-user devices are the tools individuals use to interact with the IT system. These include desktop computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and other devices that enable employees to access applications and data.
Storage devices, such as hard drives and network-attached storage (NAS) devices, are used to store and retrieve data. They provide the necessary capacity for housing critical information and applications.
Operating systems (OS) are the software foundation for computers and servers. They manage hardware resources, run applications, and provide a user-friendly interface.
Application software encompasses programs that perform specific tasks, such as word processing, accounting, customer relationship management (CRM), and enterprise resource planning (ERP).
Virtualization software allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical server, enabling efficient use of hardware resources and simplifying IT management.
Local Area Network (LAN)
LAN connects devices within a limited geographical area, such as an office building, facilitating data sharing and resource access.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
WAN connects multiple LANs across different locations, enabling remote office communication and seamless data exchange.
Internet connectivity is crucial for accessing external resources and cloud services and enabling communication with customers and partners worldwide.
Data centers are specialized facilities that house servers, storage devices, networking equipment, and other critical IT infrastructure components. They provide a controlled environment to ensure reliable operation and data security.
Cloud services offer on-demand Access to computing resources, such as servers, storage, and applications, over the internet, allowing organizations to scale resources as needed.
Security services protect the IT infrastructure from cyber-attacks, viruses, and unauthorized access, safeguarding sensitive data and ensuring business continuity.
IT Support and Maintenance
IT support teams provide technical assistance to users, resolve issues, and perform regular maintenance to keep the infrastructure running smoothly.
An organization's IT infrastructure is a complex and interconnected system comprising various components, each serving a specific purpose. From hardware and software to networking and data centers, these elements work together to ensure efficient data management, seamless communication, and overall IT functionality. Understanding these components is essential for any business looking to build and maintain a robust and reliable IT infrastructure.
To learn more about UCS Logistics and how we can assist in managing your IT assets, visit our website: UCS Logistics.
How do IT and cybersecurity intersect?
Information Technology (IT) and cybersecurity are closely intertwined domains that play a critical role in today's digital world. It refers to using technology to manage and process information, while cybersecurity focuses on protecting this information from various threats and unauthorized Access. Let's explore how these two fields intersect and work together:
IT Infrastructure Security
IT infrastructure relies heavily on networks to transmit and share data. Network security measures, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption, safeguard networks from cyber threats like unauthorized access and data breaches.
Endpoint devices like computers and smartphones are common entry points for cyber-attacks. Endpoint security solutions protect these devices from malware, viruses, and malicious activities.
Encryption is a fundamental cybersecurity measure used in IT to protect sensitive data at rest and in transit. It ensures that even if unauthorized parties gain Access to the data, they cannot decipher it without the encryption key.
IT systems implement access control mechanisms to ensure only authorized users can access specific data and resources. This involves authentication methods like passwords, multi-factor authentication, and biometrics.
Incident Response and Management
IT Monitoring and Detection
Effective IT monitoring allows organizations to detect unusual activities or potential security breaches. Cybersecurity teams use monitoring tools to identify and respond to security incidents promptly.
Cybersecurity Incident Response
IT professionals work with cybersecurity teams to mitigate the impact, investigate the root cause, and implement measures to prevent similar incidents when a cybersecurity incident occurs.
Cloud-Based IT Services
Many organizations utilize cloud services to host data and applications. Ensuring cloud security involves implementing strong access controls, data encryption, and continuous monitoring.
Employee Training and Awareness
IT departments often conduct cybersecurity training for employees to raise awareness about best practices, security risks, and ways to identify and report potential threats.
Security Policies and Procedures
IT Security Policies
IT and cybersecurity teams collaborate to establish comprehensive security policies that outline acceptable use of IT resources, data handling practices, and incident response procedures.
The intersection of IT and cybersecurity is crucial for safeguarding an organization's data, systems, and overall digital assets. By integrating cybersecurity measures into IT infrastructure and practices, businesses can build a strong defense against cyber threats and ensure their information's confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This synergy between IT and cybersecurity allows organizations to leverage technology securely and confidently in an increasingly connected world.
To learn more about UCS Logistics' IT asset management solutions, including security considerations, visit our website: UCS Logistics.
How has IT evolved over the years?
Information Technology (IT) has come a long way since its inception. From the early days of mainframe computers to the digital age of cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the evolution of IT has been nothing short of remarkable. Let's explore the key milestones in the development of IT:
Mainframe Era (1950s-1960s)
Introduction of Mainframes
The mainframe era marked the beginning of modern computing. Mainframe computers were large, centralized systems that could handle extensive data processing for government and corporate organizations.
Personal Computing Revolution (1970s-1980s)
Advent of Personal Computers
The 1970s witnessed the emergence of personal computers (PCs), which brought computing power directly to individuals and businesses. Companies like Apple and Microsoft played significant roles in popularizing PCs.
Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
The introduction of graphical user interfaces (GUI) in the 1980s made computers more user-friendly. Icons, windows, and mouse-driven interactions replaced complex command-line interfaces.
Internet and World Wide Web (1990s)
The Internet Goes Public
The 1990s saw the commercialization of the internet, making it accessible to the general public. This transformative development paved the way for global connectivity and communication.
World Wide Web (WWW)
Tim Berners-Lee's invention of the World Wide Web in 1989 revolutionized how information was accessed and shared. Web browsers and search engines made navigating the internet easier for users.
Mobile and Wireless Technologies (2000s)
Rise of Mobile Devices
The 2000s witnessed the proliferation of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. These portable gadgets provided users with unprecedented connectivity and Access to information.
Advancements in wireless networking technologies, like Wi-Fi and 3G/4G, untethered devices from physical connections and facilitated seamless data transfer.
Cloud Computing (2010s)
Cloud computing emerged as a game-changer, offering scalable and cost-effective Internet access to computing resources, storage, and software.
Internet of Things (IoT) and AI (Present)
Internet of Things (IoT)
The IoT connects everyday objects and devices to the internet, enabling data exchange and automation, transforming how we interact with our surroundings.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
AI has seen significant advancements, with machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and computer vision enabling machines to perform tasks that once seemed exclusively human.
The evolution of Information Technology (IT) has been an incredible journey, shaping and redefining how we live, work, and communicate. From mainframes to cloud computing and AI, each stage of development has brought new possibilities and opportunities for innovation. As technology evolves, we can expect even more exciting advancements to revolutionize the IT landscape further.
To learn more about UCS Logistics' IT asset management solutions and how we embrace cutting-edge technology, visit our website: UCS Logistics.
What is the role of IT in business, and how does it impact productivity?
Information Technology (IT) plays a pivotal role in modern business operations across various industries and sectors. Its integration into business processes has transformed the way organizations operate and communicate. Let's explore the key roles IT fulfills in business and its impact on productivity:
Streamlining Business Processes
It enables the automation of repetitive tasks, streamlining workflows and reducing manual errors. This efficiency boost allows employees to focus on more strategic and value-added activities.
Communication and Collaboration
IT tools facilitate seamless communication and collaboration among teams, even if they are geographically dispersed. Video conferencing, messaging apps, and collaborative platforms enhance productivity and decision-making.
Data Management and Analysis
It provides robust data storage solutions, enabling businesses to organize, store, and retrieve vast amounts of information efficiently.
With IT, businesses can harness the power of data analytics to gain valuable insights into customer behavior, market trends, and operational performance. This data-driven approach aids in making informed decisions and devising effective strategies.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Customer Service and Support
IT tools, like CRM software, help businesses manage customer interactions and deliver personalized support, improving customer satisfaction and loyalty.
E-commerce and Online Presence
It has facilitated the expansion of businesses beyond physical borders through e-commerce platforms, allowing companies to reach customers worldwide.
Digital marketing strategies powered by IT enable targeted advertising and customer engagement, leading to increased brand visibility and potential revenue growth.
Supply Chain Management
IT systems provide real-time visibility into inventory levels, enabling businesses to optimize stock levels, reduce wastage, and minimize stockouts.
Logistics and Transportation
It plays a crucial role in managing logistics and transportation, optimizing routes, and ensuring the timely delivery of goods and services.
Cloud Computing and Scalability
Cloud computing allows businesses to scale their IT resources based on demand, reducing upfront infrastructure costs and promoting flexibility.
Cybersecurity and Data Protection
Protecting Sensitive Information
It is essential to safeguard business data and customer information from cyber threats and breaches.
Business Intelligence and Reporting
IT systems enable real-time monitoring of key performance indicators (KPIs), providing valuable insights into business performance.
Reporting and Dashboards
Business intelligence tools use IT to generate comprehensive reports and dashboards, aiding management in making data-driven decisions.
Information Technology's (IT) role in business cannot be overstated. It has become the backbone of modern organizations, from streamlining processes and enhancing communication to empowering data-driven decisions and ensuring data security. By embracing IT solutions, businesses can boost productivity, stay competitive, and thrive in today's dynamic and technology-driven market.
For more information about how UCS Logistics can help optimize your IT asset management and drive productivity, visit our website: UCS Logistics.
How do cloud services fit into the IT landscape?
Cloud services have revolutionized the IT landscape, offering a flexible and scalable approach to managing technology resources. They have become integral to modern businesses, enabling organizations to optimize their operations and enhance efficiency. Let's explore how cloud services fit into the IT landscape:
On-Demand Computing Resources
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet, such as virtual machines, storage, and networking. Organizations can scale their infrastructure as needed without investing in physical hardware.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS offers a platform for developing, deploying, and managing applications without the complexity of infrastructure management. It allows developers to focus on coding and innovation rather than server maintenance.
Cost-Effectiveness and Flexibility
Cloud services often follow a pay-as-you-go pricing model, where organizations only pay for the resources they consume. This cost-effectiveness eliminates the need for large upfront investments in hardware and infrastructure.
Cloud services can scale computing resources up or down based on demand. Organizations can handle fluctuating workloads without overprovisioning or experiencing performance bottlenecks.
Data Storage and Backup
Cloud storage solutions offer secure and reliable data storage with easy accessibility from anywhere. It reduces the need for on-premises storage hardware and allows seamless data sharing.
Data Backup and Disaster Recovery
Cloud-based data backup and disaster recovery services ensure business continuity by providing off-site backups and quick recovery options in case of data loss or system failures.
Collaboration and Communication
Cloud-Based Productivity Suites
Cloud-based productivity suites, such as Microsoft Office 365 and Google Workspace, enable real-time collaboration on documents and seamless communication through email and chat.
Application Deployment and Management
Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS delivers software applications over the internet, eliminating the need for local installation and maintenance. Users can access applications from any device with an internet connection.
Security and Compliance
Cloud Security Measures
Cloud service providers implement robust security measures, including data encryption, access controls, and monitoring, to safeguard data and applications.
Many cloud providers comply with industry-specific regulations, making it easier for businesses to meet compliance requirements.
Global Accessibility and Connectivity
Anytime, Anywhere Access
Cloud services enable employees to access applications and data from any location with an internet connection, promoting remote work and collaboration.
Cloud providers often have data centers distributed worldwide, ensuring low-latency access and data redundancy.
Cloud services have significantly transformed the IT landscape by offering a flexible, cost-effective, and scalable approach to technology resource management. From on-demand computing resources to data storage, collaboration tools, and security measures, cloud services have become essential for modern businesses seeking agility and efficiency in their operations.
To learn more about how UCS Logistics incorporates cloud-based solutions in IT asset management, visit our website: UCS Logistics.
What are the biggest challenges facing IT professionals today?
Information Technology (IT) professionals play a crucial role in managing and maintaining the digital infrastructure of organizations. However, they face various challenges in today's rapidly evolving technological landscape. Let's explore some of the biggest challenges facing IT professionals:
Sophisticated Cyber Attacks
IT professionals must combat increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, including ransomware, phishing, and zero-day exploits, which can cause significant disruptions and data breaches.
Data Privacy and Compliance
Ensuring compliance with data privacy regulations like GDPR and CCPA is a complex challenge, as IT professionals must protect sensitive data while maintaining data accessibility and usability.
Managing IT Infrastructure Complexity
Hybrid IT Environments
Integrating on-premises systems with cloud services in hybrid IT environments introduces complexity in managing and securing data across different platforms.
Maintaining and integrating legacy systems with modern technologies can be challenging, as outdated infrastructure may need to support the latest software and security standards.
Data Management and Big Data
Handling Big Data
The sheer volume of data generated and collected poses challenges in storage, processing, and extracting meaningful insights from big data.
Data Quality and Accuracy
IT professionals must ensure data accuracy and quality, as decisions based on erroneous data can have significant consequences.
Cloud Migration and Management
Cloud Migration Challenges
Moving applications and data to the cloud requires careful planning and execution to avoid disruptions and ensure data security during migration.
Cloud Cost Optimization
Optimizing cloud costs is a continual challenge, as organizations must balance scaling resources and controlling expenses.
IT Talent Shortage and Skill Gap
Demands for Diverse Skills
The evolving technology landscape demands IT professionals with diverse skills in cybersecurity, cloud computing, data analytics, and AI, leading to a need for more specialized talent.
Retaining Skilled Professionals
Attracting and retaining skilled IT professionals is challenging in a competitive job market, which can impact an organization's ability to innovate and grow.
Mobile Device Management (MDM)
Securing Mobile Devices
The proliferation of mobile devices in the workplace requires robust mobile device management strategies to ensure data security and prevent unauthorized Access.
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery
Planning for Disruptions
IT professionals must develop comprehensive business continuity and disaster recovery plans to minimize downtime and data loss during unforeseen events.
IT professionals face an array of challenges in today's dynamic technological landscape. From cybersecurity threats to managing complex IT infrastructures and addressing the skill gap, these challenges demand innovative solutions and adaptability. By proactively addressing these issues, IT professionals can ensure the smooth functioning of IT operations and contribute to the success of their organizations.
To learn more about how UCS Logistics can support IT professionals in IT asset management challenges, visit our website: UCS Logistics.
How is artificial intelligence (AI) influencing the IT sector?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the IT sector, reshaping how businesses and organizations approach various processes and tasks. Its integration into IT operations has unlocked new efficiency, automation, and innovation opportunities. Let's explore how AI is influencing the IT sector:
Automation of Repetitive Tasks
Streamlining IT Operations
AI-powered automation streamlines routine IT tasks, such as system monitoring, software updates, and data backups, allowing IT professionals to focus on more strategic activities.
AI-based tools can rapidly detect and respond to security incidents, minimizing the impact of cyber threats and improving overall IT security.
Enhanced Data Analysis and Insights
Advanced Data Analytics
AI algorithms can quickly analyze large datasets, identifying patterns and trends that humans may need help recognizing. This capability helps in making data-driven decisions and gaining valuable business insights.
AI-driven predictive analytics can forecast IT system performance, potential failures, and customer behavior, aiding in proactive maintenance and resource allocation.
Chatbots and Virtual Assistants
Improved Customer Support
AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants enhance customer support by providing real-time responses to inquiries, reducing response times, and increasing customer satisfaction.
Internal IT Support
AI-driven virtual assistants can assist employees in troubleshooting IT issues, reducing the burden on IT help desks and improving employee productivity.
Cybersecurity and Threat Detection
AI strengthens cybersecurity measures by detecting and responding to cyber threats in real time, offering enhanced protection against evolving threats.
AI-based anomaly detection algorithms can identify unusual patterns in network traffic or user behavior, flagging potential security breaches.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
NLP enables more intuitive human-machine interactions, making it easier for users to interact with IT systems using natural language commands.
IT Resource Optimization
AI can optimize resource allocation by predicting demand and dynamically adjusting computing resources, leading to cost savings and increased efficiency.
AI-Enhanced Programming and Software Development
AI automates parts of the programming process, generating code snippets and suggesting improvements, reducing development time.
The influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the IT sector has been transformative. By automating tasks, enhancing data analysis, improving cybersecurity, and optimizing IT resources, AI has empowered organizations to operate more efficiently and deliver better customer service. As AI advances, its impact on the IT sector is expected to grow, enabling businesses to embrace new opportunities and address complex challenges.
To learn more about how UCS Logistics incorporates cutting-edge technology like AI in IT asset management, visit our website: UCS Logistics.
Takeaways from the Article:
Information Technology (IT) is Integral to Modern Business
IT encompasses a vast range of hardware, software, networks, and services that are essential for the efficient management and accessibility of data.
The Evolution of IT is Remarkable
From the days of mainframe computers to the transformative era of cloud computing, AI, and cybersecurity, IT has undergone significant changes.
IT's Role in Business is Pivotal
IT streamlines operations, enhances communication, and empowers data-driven decisions, making it indispensable for modern businesses.
Challenges for IT Professionals are Ever-Evolving
From cybersecurity threats to managing complex IT infrastructures, IT professionals face a myriad of challenges in today's dynamic technological landscape.
Cloud Services are Transforming the IT Landscape
Cloud services offer a flexible, cost-effective, and scalable approach to technology resource management, making them essential for modern businesses.
Reminder of the Post’s Main Point
The article delves into the fundamentals of Information Technology, its transformative journey over the years, its indispensable role in modern business, and the challenges and solutions in the current IT landscape.


I was quite surprised to learn recently how many sites of current civilian airports in the United States once were the location of a World War II prisoner of war camp. It was certainly not an aspect of American history I had ever learned about in school or college. Of the six (6) camps listed below, by far the largest in terms of number of prisoners held was Camp Freeland (an odd name for a POW camp, though named for the nearby community), which is now the site of MBS International Airport in the Midland-Bay City-Saginaw Region of Michigan.
- Bradley International Airport, Connecticut – then Bradley Field – housed up to 250 German prisoners.
- Hammond Northshore Regional Airport, Louisiana – German prisoner population of 150 worked at Bogalusa Tung Oil Co. or Gaylord Container.
- MBS International Airport, Michigan – then Camp Freeland – German prisoner population peaked at 1,070 in 1945 at this camp.
- Pine Bluff Regional Airport, Arkansas – then Grider Field
- Tampa International Airport, Florida – then Drew Army Airfield – POW’s worked here, but were housed at Camp Blanding located three miles away.
- Will Rogers World Airport – Oklahoma – then Camp Oklahoma City- prisoner population peaked at 225 in 1945.


Just days after a report was issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warning of the widespread impact of drastic fluctuations in global temperature, NBC News aired “Ann Curry Reports: Our Year of Extremes – Did Climate Change Just Hit Home?”
The special featured interviews with a variety of experts, including glaciologist Jason Box who has been measuring the recession of ice in the Arctic. According to Box, the glaciers of Iceberg Alley in Greenland have been losing ice into the sea for thousands of years, the the rate of loss has doubled in the past ten years.
How much of that loss can be contributed to human activities? University of Colorado Professor of Environmental Studies Roger Peilke, Jr. claims that while climate change would happen with or without human activity, we do have an impact of how and to what extent the climate changes.
As the Arctic warms, it causes the jet stream to enlarge, and as the jet streams grows, it moves more slowly. This causes weather to remain in place for longer. The effect? We can expect longer bouts of bad weather when it happens. Droughts like the one currently being experienced in California will last longer, causing more and more problems for humans, including a breakdown of our agricultural systems.
Just as humans can impact climate change for the negative, we also have the potential to impact it for the better. In 2013, more American homes than ever before in history had solar panels installed on their rooftops. In the third quarter of the year alone, 31,000 new solar panels were installed. That means that right now there’s an estimated 9,400 megawatts of solar energy in the US, enough to power 1.5 million homes, which is equivalent to removing 1.9 million cars from the road or planting 236,000,000 trees.
Be a part of the movement to impact climate change for the better. The team at Sunlight Contractors can talk to you about how to make your home more energy efficient whether through the installation of solar energy panels or state of the art insulation.
Main Office: Sunlight Contractors, LLC 2323 Bainbridge St #110, Kenner, LA 70062 (504) 222-2082
New Orleans location: Sunlight Contractors, LLC 1635 Elysian Fields Avenue, Suite 325, New Orleans, LA 70117 (504) 302-0058


Truth, Healing & Reconciliation
We offer a variety of programs for adults, and are always looking for great new ideas!
This fall SFUC will be offering the Truth, Healing & Reconciliation Program.
Location: Crescent United
The Guide is one of the CUC’s commitments to the Truth and Reconciliation process in Canada. The CUC’s THRRG Task Force consulted with Indigenous elders and educators to develop guides for lower elementary, upper elementary, youth, young adult, and adults.
The purpose of the THR Reflection Guide is to begin discussion in the following areas:
- Engagement: What social identities do each of us have, and what culture(s) do we come from? How do we relate inter-culturally? How do we relate to the land we call home? Use individual storytelling for engagement.
- Understanding: Learn about the process of colonization, in particular the Indian Residential School System and its impacts on our history and present day life. Share our responses (thoughts and feelings).
- Connection: Update our understanding of Aboriginal societies, and learn about current issues. Making connections with local Aboriginal leaders. Share our responses (thoughts and feelings).
- Healing and Reconciliation: What does healing and reconciliation mean to you, to the group? What are the next steps for building connections and making commitments?
Click here to see the source or for more information


Prescribing ADHD "Study Drugs" to Healthy Patients Poses Ethical Questions
Prescribing stimulants to healthy patients comes with significant risks.
--by Alexia Severson
Prescribing cognitive enhancement medications to healthy people may do more harm than good, according to an analysis published this week in the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ).
This type of medication is often used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). And while prescription stimulants, such as methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, are available in Canada by prescription only, they are often given to patients without ADHD to increase focus, concentration, and memory. But there is little evidence of the cognitive benefits of these drugs on healthy individuals, while the risks include cardiovascular harm, dependence, and psychosis.
According to researchers, people usually request prescription stimulants in order to perform better in school or at work, and previous studies have shown that rates of cognitive enhancer use among university students ranges from one percent to 11 percent. But the possibility of harm and the professional integrity of physicians should prevent these drugs from being distributed so freely.
The Expert Take
This study poses three ethical questions about prescribing stimulants to patients: Are there benefits for patients? What is the effect on health care resources? And is cognitive enhancement consistent with medical professional integrity?
According to the authors, physicians play a significant role in this debate.
"I think it’s a question of considering what is the value of using medications like this to enhance performance—asking not only can we do this, but should this be a practice that belongs to the medical profession," said Cynthia Forlini, co-author of the analysis.
From an ethical standpoint, it’s important to understand why doctors choose to prescribe these drugs in the first place, and the impact this decision has on their role as physicians, on healthcare systems, and on society in general, Forlini said. At a time when some physicians are prescribing stimulants to healthy, low-income patients to "level the playing field," careful consideration of the consequences has never been more important.
"I hope our analysis sparks additional reflection in health care providers to carefully think about the way they approach any request for enhancements," she said.
Source and Method
For this analysis researchers referenced The American Academy of Neurology, the first professional association to issue specific guidance for physicians on the subject of cognitive enhancement, in order to further discussion of the physician–patient relationship.
The analysis was also based on The Canadian Medical Association’s Code of Ethics, previous studies, and polls and other available data, serving as landmarks in the ethics debate on cognitive enhancement prescriptions.
This analysis poses several important ethical questions about the misuse of cognitive enhancers by patients; a debate that has been a hot topic for several years.
This issue deserves equal attention in both America and Canada, where prescribing cognitive enhancers may not always be an appropriate use of resources due to expanding demands for care. This analysis also sheds light on the risks that come with taking ADD drugs when they are not necessary. Researchers note that these risks may in fact be worse for individuals who are unaware of the correct doses and that there be other risks that have yet to be studied and documented.
Regardless of whether new guidelines are established in the future, it's important that physicians take the time to consider whether a patient is truly in need of cognitive enhancers and to reflect on the reasons behind their decision to prescribe such medications.
Several other studies and polls have addressed this issue. According to the CMAJ analysis, in a poll published in 2008 in Nature, “20 percent of respondents reported using a medication for cognitive enhancement.” And one in five respondents said they had used drugs for non-medical reasons to stimulate their focus, concentration, or memory.
An article published in Neurology in 2004 also discussed ethical concerns about drugs that might improve brain function. The author stated that “neurologists and other clinicians are likely to encounter patient-consumers who view physicians as gatekeepers in their own pursuit of happiness.”
A study published in the Journal of American College Health in 2006 investigated the medical use, illicit use, and diversion of four distinct classes of prescription medication, including stimulants. In a random sample of undergraduate students, researchers found that “the prevalence rate for illicit use within the past year was highest for pain medication, followed by stimulant medication, sedative or anxiety medication, and sleeping medication.” They also found that medical users of stimulants for ADD were the most likely to be approached to divert their medication.