The creation of the museum
During the twentieth century, there were several
attempts to create a museum on the history of the Bukovinian Jews. The
first one dates back to the end of 1920s, when Bukovina was a part of
the Kingdom of Romania. Except for one document in the archive of the
Chernivtsi oblast, no other signs of the proposed museum were found.
The second effort was made in the end of 1990s by the Jewish Steinbarg
Society. This resulted in an exhibition of collected objects, but owing
to lack of funding and research staff, the museum was not further
Notwithstanding the fact
that a significant part of the Bukovinian Jews emigrated in the 1990s,
the idea of a Jewish museum remained alive. As a result of the
initiative of the Chernivtsi Jewish Socio-Cultural Fund and its
chairman Joseph Zissels, work on the proposed museum was taken
up again in 2007. Finally, the museum was opened with a solemn ceremony
in 2008, the same year that two significant jubilees that were
celebrated in Chernivtsi: the 600th anniversary of the first written
record of the city and the centenarary of the historical conference on
the Yiddish language held in Chernivtsi.
Regional ethnographer Nataliya Shevchenko, who was the first director of the museum, developed its concept. Artist Roman Batig from Lviv was responsible for the museum’s design.
Aim and Task of the Museum
The museum aims to acquaint the general public with the life, the history and the culture of the Bukovinian Jews.
The task of the museum
is to preserve the history of the Bukovinian Jews, to describe its main
periods through 1941 and to recreate the atmosphere and the spirit of
Present importance of the museum
Both Jews and non-Jews are interested in the creation of the museum.
The museum is important both for Bukovinian Jews and for those who have
emigrated, as well as for the children and grandchildren of former
inhabitants of Bukovina. They actively collect material about their
history and are interested in its dignified representation.
The museum is equally important for the citizens of Ukraine who belong
to various nationalities - for those who love their native country and
want to know its history and for those who are interested in the
phenomenon of Bukovinian Jews, a part of the Jewish nation that has
managed to build its own state after 2000 years in exile.
At the same time, in modern Ukraine there is also evidence of
anti-Semitism and xenophobia, based on ignorance and prejudice against
Jews. Besides, there is a new generation of people who are not aware of
the special atmosphere of tolerance and international accord which
existed in multinational Bukovina during the 19th century and the first
half of the 20th century. That is why the educational role of the
museum is so important.
The museum is also
necessary for the guests of our country who are interested in the
Bukovinian history in its complete diversity.
Bearing in mind the fact that Bukovina has a big
Jewish diaspora, the Museum counts on the all-round support of fellow
countrymen, researchers and descendants of former Bukovinian residents.
We can already see a lot of signs of a positive response to the idea of
the creation of the museum in the minds and hearts of former
inhabitants of Bukovina worldwide.
We hope the
museum project will be successful, because many people are interested
in the history of the Bukovinian Jews. This is the only way to keep a
connection between the generations and to overcome the tragic
generation gap which divides the society today.
The Museum of Bukovinian Jewish
History and Culture is dedicated to the phenomenon of the former
existence of the special local Jewish subethnic group on the territory
of Southeastern Europe - Bukovinian Jewry.
Our primary goal is not to show the life of the Jewish population of Bukovina in all aspects. First of all we intend to give an impression of the atmosphere of Jewish life in the area
in the last quarter of the 18th to the first half of the 20th century,
on the background of the difficult development processes within the
local Jewish community.
Historical information on the Bukovinian Jews
The history of the Bukovinian Jews comprises nearly
500 years. This period includes the existence of the community as a
part of the largest world empires - the Turkish, the Austria-Hungarian
as well as the Kingdom of Romania and the Soviet Union. All this has
marked the culture and the daily life of the Jews, who felt the
influence of the cultures of the peoples among whom they lived.
More details about the history
of the Bukovinian Jews ...>>


In a further sign that plastic is not-so-slowly taking over our oceans, scientists say they've found a "hotspot" of plastic pollution from bags, bottles, and toys in Arctic waters. And the amount of plastic amassing on the ocean surface, in sea ice, and possibly even on the ocean floor is only expected to increase as melting ice enables travel to the area, researchers write in a study published in Science Advances, per the New York Times. The consequences of the pollution are not yet fully understood, but "the problem with plastic specifically being in the Arctic is that it's going to get into the food chain of animals that are very much under threat already, that are struggling to survive in a changing climate," study author Erik van Sebille tells the Verge.
The plastic was found during research missions to 42 sites around the North Pole in 2013. No plastic was found at a third of the sites, but there was a "hotspot of very, very polluted waters" in the Greenland and Barents seas north of Norway, where sites had between 100 tons and 1,200 tons of plastic, van Sebille says. The whole area only contains about 3% of the estimated 110 million tons of plastic in our oceans, but that figure is still high considering the area's remoteness. According to a release, researchers believe the plastic traveled to the Arctic on currents from the North Atlantic and originated in the UK, Europe, and North America. That means solving the problem "will require international agreements," a researcher says. (Or maybe some bacteria.)


Back to map Find an EI Affiliate The Education System UNESCO Resources Planipolis (IIEP UNESCO) is a portal of national education plans and policies and key education frameworks and monitoring reports. It provides a single entry point to official education resources. See all resources available for Tuvalu Reports and academic works Raturi, S. (2016). Education development challenges and potential for flexible & open learning in Tuvalu. Commonwealth of Learning.


Would you be surprised to hear about research pointing to a single treatment, without any side effects, that has been linked to improved memory, increased concentration, a strengthened immune system, and a decreased risk of suffering from accidents? For most of us, this treatment would consist simply of sleeping an hour more each night. Sleep deprivation is considered by many researchers to be a highly solvable, yet under recognized, public health epidemic. The gap between getting too little sleep and enough sleep can have significant effects on your health, mood, weight, and even your sex life. Take a look at these surprising reasons why you should get more sleep and consider getting more shut-eye tonight.
Have you read: What is Sleep Apnea? Sign, symptoms and cure
Lower Risk of Accidental Injury
Sleep deprivation has been linked to many notorious disasters, including the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger, as well as almost one million auto accidents per year in the United States. Basically all types of accidents are more likely when you’re exhausted. On the other side of the coin, your ability to react quickly and respond physically to the demands of a potential outdoor or household accident is greatly improved with more sleep. A recent study among university athletes showed improved physical agility and speed when these athletes strove to sleep ten hours per night.
Don’t forget to read: Having Trouble Sleeping? Causes, Symptoms and cure of Insomnia
Better Sex Life
The National Sleep Foundation reports that 26 percent of respondents to its survey experience detriments to their sex lives because they are too tired. And I’m sure the remaining three quarters of the population has a few anecdotal stories to tell about being too tired for sex on occasion.
Have you read? What Causes Delayed Orgasm In Men?
Although much more research is needed to identify the exact link between adequate sleep and improved immunity, people who get less than 7 hours of sleep are almost three times as likely to get sick as people who get at least 8 hours of sleep.
Not everyone who gets sufficient sleep has an entirely pleasant disposition, but it’s obvious for most of us that sleep deprived people are much crankier than those who are getting enough sleep. And what may be surprising for many is that while napping has been shown to improve cognitive functioning after periods of sleep deprivation, it does not significantly repair negative moods resulting from sleep deprivation. Regular sleep rhythms including sufficient sleep, more than 8 hours, are the best way to keep your mood up and your emotional volatility to a minimum.
There are both behavioral and physiological factors of sleep deprivation that contribute to weight gain. If you are overtired, you tend to have less energy for daily physical exercise or to cook healthy homemade cuisine. Internally, your body will feel less full without the regeneration of the hormone leptin that occurs during a good night’s sleep. Feeling less full, despite consuming adequate calories, leads you to seek high-calorie and high-fat indulgences to satisfy your body’s hunger. To avoid these two powerful factors and to get better control over your body weight, simply get more sleep.
When you don’t get enough sleep, many of your body’s restorative functions are unable to complete themselves. One of these processes that has significant side effects in our daily lives is the brain’s consolidation of memories from throughout the day. If you don’t get enough sleep, these memories can be improperly stored or even lost. Surprisingly, there is additional research to suggest that sleep deprived brains are at an increased risk of developing false memories. The bottom line is that you should find a way to get more sleep so you won’t forget what happened to you today and so you won’t remember what didn’t happen.


Continuation of word-verbum-logos-ereyga
How do we use language? We use it to express ourselves through speech, to record our experiences or to invent and tell stories in writing. But before all that begins, before a word leaves our lips or a pen hits the page, we use language in our heads. This code we share is more than a ‘simple naming process.’ It’s the means by which we form our thoughts and interpret the world around us. One of the first people to articulate this concept was a Swiss linguist named Ferdinand de Saussure. Saussure wrote and taught in the late 1800s, and though he died in 1913, he remains one of our heroes here at Dictionary.com. Saussure understood that thinking about language was essentially thinking about thinking. He put language under his own theoretical microscope the way biologists study cells, looking at words as the building blocks of our thoughts. The foundation of his project is breaking down our idea of a word into its component parts: the concept and the sound-image. Let’s do an experiment.


Digital History ID 4031
Andrew Carnegie's essay "Wealth."
Andrew Carnegie was born to poor Scottish parents that later immigrated to the United States. A true “rags to riches” story, he became a hugely successful business man, creating an American steel conglomerate by providing iron and steel to the railways. To contradict the creation of wealth, he created the notion of “gospel of wealth.” Carnegie believed that the wealthy had an obligation to give back to society. He donated a large portion of his fortune to education, local libraries, world peace, and scientific research.
Andrew Carnegie: The Gospel of Wealth, 1889
The problem of our age is the administration of wealth, so that the ties of brotherhood may still bind together the rich and poor in harmonious relationship. The conditions of human life have not only been changed, but revolutionized, within the past few hundred years. In former days there was little difference between the dwelling, dress, food, and environment of the chief and those of his retainers. The contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us today measures the change which has come with civilization.
This change, however, is not to be deplored, but welcomed as highly beneficial. It is well, nay, essential for the progress of the race that the houses of some should be homes for all that is highest and best in literature and the arts, and for all the refinements of civilization, rather than that none should be so. Much better this great irregularity than universal squalor. Without wealth there can be no Maecenas [Note: a rich Roman patron of the arts]. The "good old times" were not good old times. Neither master nor servant was as well situated then as to day. A relapse to old conditions would be disastrous to both-not the least so to him who serves-and would sweep away civilization with it.
We start, then, with a condition of affairs under which the best interests of the race are promoted, but which inevitably gives wealth to the few. Thus far, accepting conditions as they exist, the situation can be surveyed and pronounced good. The question then arises-and, if the foregoing be correct, it is the only question with which we have to deal-What is the proper mode of administering wealth after the laws upon which civilization is founded have thrown it into the hands of the few? And it is of this great question that I believe I offer the true solution. It will be understood that fortunes are here spoken of, not moderate sums saved by many years of effort, the returns from which are required for the comfortable maintenance and education of families. This is not wealth, but only competence, which it should be the aim of all to acquire.
There are but three modes in which surplus wealth can be disposed of. It can be left to the families of the decedents; or it can be bequeathed for public purposes; or, finally, it can be administered during their lives by its possessors. Under the first and second modes most of the wealth of the world that has reached the few has hitherto been applied. Let us in turn consider each of these modes. The first is the most injudicious. In monarchial countries, the estates and the greatest portion of the wealth are left to the first son, that the vanity of the parent may be gratified by the thought that his name and title are to descend to succeeding generations unimpaired. The condition of this class in Europe today teaches the futility of such hopes or ambitions. The successors have become impoverished through their follies or from the fall in the value of land. Why should men leave great fortunes to their children? If this is done from affection, is it not misguided affection? Observation teaches that, generally speaking, it is not well for the children that they should be so burdened. Neither is it well for the state. Beyond providing for the wife and daughters moderate sources of income, and very moderate allowances indeed, if any, for the sons, men may well hesitate, for it is no longer questionable that great sums bequeathed oftener work more for the injury than for the good of the recipients. Wise men will soon conclude that, for the best interests of the members of their families and of the state, such bequests are an improper use of their means.
As to the second mode, that of leaving wealth at death for public uses, it may be said that this is only a means for the disposal of wealth, provided a man is content to wait until he is dead before it becomes of much good in the world. The cases are not few in which the real object sought by the testator is not attained, nor are they few in which his real wishes are thwarted.
The growing disposition to tax more and more heavily large estates left at death is a cheering indication of the growth of a salutary change in public opinion. Of all forms of taxation, this seems the wisest. Men who continue hoarding great sums all their lives, the proper use of which for public ends would work good to the community, should be made to feel that the community, in the form of the state, cannot thus be deprived of its proper share. By taxing estates heavily at death, the state marks its condemnation of the selfish millionaire's unworthy life.
This policy would work powerfully to induce the rich man to attend to the administration of wealth during his life, which is the end that society should always have in view, as being that by far most fruitful for the people.
There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunes: but in this way we have the true antidote for the temporary unequal distribution of wealth, the reconciliation of the rich and the poor-a reign of harmony-another ideal, differing, indeed from that of the Communist in requiring only the further evolution of existing conditions, not the total overthrow of our civilization. It is founded upon the present most intense individualism, and the race is prepared to put it in practice by degrees whenever it pleases. Under its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. Even the poorest can be made to see this, and to agree that great sums gathered by some of their fellowcitizens and spent for public purposes, from which the masses reap the principal benefit, are more valuable to them than if scattered among them through the course of many years in trifling amounts.
This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display or extravagance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial result for the community-the man of wealth thus becoming the sole agent and trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his superior wisdom, experience, and ability to administer-doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves.
Additional information: Andrew Camegie, "Wealth," North American Review, 148, no. 391 (June 1889): 653, 65762.
Copyright 2021 Digital History


Relieved that you’ve gone through menopause so most of your health woes are over?
You’re still at risk of a serious one if you’ve smoked.
is a chronic, inflammatory condition that may be related to the development of cancer.
Here’s how smoking puts you at risk of losing your teeth – and your life
And heavy smokers (meaning those who smoked at least a pack a day for 26 years) were found to be nearly twice as likely to lose their teeth based on periodontal disease.
Heavy smokers also have a greater chance of developing a more aggressive and deadly form of bladder cancer
than non-smokers, says FSP Health.
And this is another worrying factor for women, as the US National Institutes of Health website adds
that the proportion of bladder cancer
due to smoking
in women is now the same as for men—about 50%.
That’s even more reason to quit smoking!
Because if you’ve noticed your gums are swollen or even bleeding, gingivitis may have already set in, says eHow
This is a form of periodontal disease.
Luckily, you can take action today to avoid the need for serious interventions like painful gum grafts, dental implants and cosmetic surgery.
Five steps to take care of your teeth and prevent periodontal disease!
says you can take five steps to prevent periodontal disease
1. Brush your teeth properly twice a day to remove plaque before it hardens.
2. Use a fluoride toothpaste as this helps prevent decay.
3. Floss your teeth daily to remove plaque from in between your teeth.
4. Use a mouth rinse to help control plaque.
5. Visit your dentist for regular check-ups to make sure your teeth and gums stay healthy and so that any problems are fixed before they become more serious.
So if you haven’t already done so, quit smoking today and follow these steps to prevent periodontal disease so you keep your teeth for as long as possible!


Background: Safe medication storage is a proven barrier to ingestions in the pediatric population, but caregivers are often unaware of the importance of safe storage practices or do not have a safe place to store medications. Caregivers may also not be fully aware that the patterns of opioid use and misuse have recently reached crisis levels. The objectives of this study were to define medication storage practices and knowledge of the opioid crisis of participants and to assess the effectiveness of an emergency department intervention on safe medication storage. Methods: This was a prospective interventional study of caregivers in an urban pediatric emergency department (ED) on safe medication storage and the opioid crisis. Questions assessed the caregivers' current perceptions and practices related to medication storage and disposal, and opioid crisis awareness. The intervention included verbal instruction about recommended safe storage methods and the opioid crisis, provision of a medication safety handout, and distribution of a medication lock box. A follow-up phone survey conducted 2 weeks later asked participants about use of and satisfaction with the lock box. Frequencies of safe storage behaviors were calculated, and the chi-square statistic was used to compare storage behavior after the intervention. Results: Fifty caregivers of 112 children were enrolled. Only 4% reported they currently stored medications in a locked or latched place. Thirty-eight percent reported their main barrier to storing medications safely was that they did not have a locked or latched storage location. Fifty percent were unaware of the opioid crisis. Ninety-two percent reported they would use a lock box if given one. Twenty-eight participants (56%) responded to the follow-up phone call survey 2 weeks later. At follow up 90% (25/28) reported they placed their medications within the provided lock box (p < 0.00001). Ninety-two percent reported being "very satisfied" with the lock box and how it works. Conclusions: Despite widespread reporting on this issue, many caregivers remain unaware of safe medication storage practices and the opioid crisis. Providing medication lock boxes removes a commonly reported barrier to safely storing medications and improved reported practices.


We have begun to actively collate a series of videos produced by individuals and outside organizations that lend support and perspective to our basic supposition - that soil health determines the health of plants and animals, and that in turn determines human health and the health of human communities.
First in that effort is a presentation titled "Soil Micronutrients and Your Health" by Rodney Hornbake, MD FACP, given to the Bionutrient Rich Food Production workshop held at Whitegate Farm on February 19, 2012. For this talk, Dr. Hornbake has carefully sorted and sifted through the available medical and nutritional research, and he concludes that soil health determines human health, agreeing with the basic proposition of the course - that soil and life in the soil determine the health of plants and animals, and that in turn determines human health and the health of our communities. In short, Dr. Hornbake explains:
- 1) that micronutrients in the soil are central to human health;
- 2) that the micronutrient density of food is in decline in the U.S. and elsewhere;
- 3) that malnutrition related to this is a serious global problem;
- 4) that agricultural practices are effective in improving the nutrient density of food; and
- 5) that these agricultural practices are effective in improving human health.
This video is also available at http://youtu.be/ge3oB2WPIOQ.


Creative, research-based instructional strategies – presented by teachers, for teachers.
The Spotlight on Strategies series provides help, tips, and tricks for integrating Discovery Education digital media into your curriculum in meaningful, effective, and practical ways. The SOS series includes more than 150 different strategies you can use to engage students in active learning with digital media. Leave a comment and let us know how you’ll use this strategy in your class.
QFT (Question Formulation Technique)
Materials: Discovery Education media asset, paper, and pencil
- Design a Question Focus: This is typically a prompt that can be presented in the form of a statement, visual, or situation to “focus” and attract student attention and stimulate the formation of questions.
- Rules for Formulating Questions: Explain the rules for formulating questions to students. Students must follow these rules as they produce their own questions. Rules include:
- Ask as many questions as you can
- Do not stop to discuss, judge, or answer any of the questions
- Write down every question exactly as it was stated
- Change any statements into questions
- Produce Questions: Share the Question Focus and give students a few minutes to formulate as many questions as they can. Remind students to ask all kinds of questions about the topic, phrase, image, situation, etc. presented. This part of the process allows students to think freely without having to worry about the quality of the questions they are asking.
Categorize the Questions: Ask students to review their questions and then sort them into two types: open and closed. This can be done as an independent task, small group, or whole group.
Improve the Questions: Have students work together to change closed-ended questions into open-ended questions. This process will help students think about how the phrasing of a question can affect the depth, quality, and value of the information they will obtain.
Prioritize the Questions: Have students prioritize their questions according to a teacher-supplied criteria, such as, “Choose the three questions you most want to explore further” or “Choose three testable questions” when working with a science experiment.
Next Steps: Discuss and negotiate on what should happen next with the questions. Options include but are not limited to Socratic Seminar, independent or group research, or debate.
Investigate the Questions: Encourage students to use Discovery Education digital media to gather information to help answer their questions and prepare for their discussions, debates, or presentations. Provide time for theseculminating activities where students share what they’ve learned with their peers.
Reflection: Finish by encouraging your students to reflect on what they have learned. It is important to review the steps and provide students the opportunity to review what they have learned by producing, improving, andprioritizing their questions.
The Question Formulation Technique encourages a change in traditional classroom practice because it moves the creation of questions to the students, with the teacher acting as a facilitator. Using QFT frequently in your classroom will increase participation in groups and can help with classroom management because learning focuses on student creation as students are encouraged to take charge of their own learning process.
Implement QFT as a cyclical process that guides student learning in your classroom. As students arrive at answers, do not let the process end there. Instead, have students return to the beginning of the process by generating deeper questions and engaging in the research cycle once again.


CSD-INTO collaboration to learn about cultural and linguistic diversity
An accent refers to the sound differences produced by speakers of a dialect or—in individuals who are multi-lingual—how the sounds in an individual’s preceding languages impact the learning of an additional language. Everyone speaks with a dialect. For individuals learning language, they will speak English with accents from their primary language. Accents reflect communication differences and are not communication disorders. Individuals who speak accented English may elect accent modification services to improve their sound production for personal and professional reasons. Because of their specific knowledge base and training, Speech Language Pathologists play a central role in the assessment and pronunciation training of persons seeking accent modification services (American Speech Language and Hearing Association [ASHA] Scope of Practice in SLP, 2016).
In October, first-year graduate students pursing a degree in Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) were able to learn more about their role in accent modification through a collaboration with the INTO program on ISU’s campus. Each of the 35 SLP students screened the sound skills of an international student enrolled in Academic English classes. INTO instructors, Carolyn Lasher, and Sarah Jome assisted in the scheduling of the screenings and CSD faculty and clinical educators supervised the students’ performance. The SLP students then provided a written summary of sound performance to each INTO student. Further collaboration between the two programs provided an opportunity for each pair of students (SLP graduate student and INTO student) to interview each other about linguistic and cultural diversity issues.
SLP students reflected on their experiences and reported learning the following:
- How sound differences result from the impact of learning two or more languages.
- How to self-monitor their own language, simplify communication and slow their rate to ensure that they are understood.
- How to identify sound differences when they occur
- How challenging it is to learn English as a foreign language and how, for an international student, how one’s ability to speak a language is often better than how well they can understand.
- How sounds, intonation, stress, and prosody may or may not impact intelligibility
- How much they have in common with international students!


Recently, a lot of food supplements claim to be made from Barley and promises good health benefits. Advertisements are everywhere and we may notice that some artists and influential people are advertising these products. But, what do you know about Barley? Barley is a cereal grain and its grass juice gained its popularity in the market nowadays. As a whole grain, barley provides fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Consuming a diet rich in whole grains may help reduce the risk for heart disease and high cholesterol. It is also used for diabetes, obesity, cancer prevention, and other chronic health concerns, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.
Barley is a rich source of B vitamins, including niacin, thiamin, and pyridoxine (vitamin B-6). It also contains high amounts of fiber. This fiber might lower cholesterol in people with high cholesterol and may reduce the risk for heart disease. Research shows that taking barley reduces total cholesterol and "bad" low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. However, the benefit might depend on the amount of barley taken. Barley may also reduce blood sugar and insulin levels. It seems to slow stomach emptying and help keep blood sugar stable and create a sensation of being full, which might help to control appetite. Barley also seems to lower the risk of getting stomach cancer. Early research shows that eating food containing germinated barley daily reduces the symptoms of ulcerative colitis and reduces the chance of disease remission. More Evidence is needed to rate barley for these benefits.
Barley is linked to several side effects when taken. If taken by mouth, it might cause gas, bloating, or feelings of fullness. It can also cause an allergic reaction in some people. In some people, consuming barley can cause an allergic reaction in people who are sensitive to other cereal grains, including rye, wheat, oat, corn, and rice. An allergic reaction is also possible in people allergic to grass. Symptoms may include skin rash and difficulty breathing. Barley is likely safe when taken during pregnancy. There is also insufficient reliable information to guarantee its safety when breastfeeding. To avoid any side effects, it’s better to stay on the safe side and avoid use more than what is recommended. Before taking any supplements, it is very important to consult your doctor first.
PNFP-ZDN Rowence F. Zorilla


Robert E. Shalhope. Bennington and the Green Mountain Boys: The Emergence of Liberal Democracy in Vermont, 1760-1850. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. xiii + 412 pp. $49.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8018-5335-7.
Reviewed by Susan Ouellette (Saint Michael's College)
Published on H-Pol (December, 1998)
In the tradition of historians such as Kenneth A. Lockridge, Paul Johnson, and Richard L. Bushman, Robert E. Shalhope's book is a richly detailed community study. However, it is a community study that also draws on more recent trends synthesizing social, economic and political history into one cohesive narrative.
As a social history, Bennington and the Green Mountain Boys is essentially a people's tale. Introduced in a series of short biographies, Bennington's widely diverse group of early proprietors emerge as individuals with specific reasons for leaving the settled parts of New York, Massachusetts and Connecticut. Whether escaping the quitrents of the "patricians of the Hudson River Valley" or separating from a less-than-satisfying religious community, Bennington's prospective settlers all envisioned a new beginning in the frontier community of the New Hampshire land grants. On the grants, farm lots were much less dear than in the older, more thickly settled parts of New England. Thus, the opportunity for land ownership and independent status was much greater.
Another opportunity associated with the New Hampshire frontier had a spiritual dimension. Bennington was a place where New Light separates leaving Massachusetts and Connecticut could establish an independent church. Founded on their desire for a harmonious, mutually supportive community, Bennington's New Lights established a church covenant and chose ministers reflective of their independent spirit. Though often a source of conflict in Bennington, other times the separates' philosophy contributed positively as when the town enacted "just price" guidelines for their sawmill.
In his political analysis, Shalhope argues that the first settlers/proprietors arrived with more than a desire for land, an independent church and the opportunity of the frontier. In his view, they were also "committed to an open, egalitarian society" that made Bennington a "liberal democracy" in its earliest stages of development. To be sure, the radical resistance of some of Bennington's proprietors to New York and British authorities during the land grant controversy highlighted the aggressive individualism rampant in Bennington. In this instance, Shalhope's contention that Bennington was a unique social and political development in New England is persuasive. Yet, not entirely so. In many other ways the settlement of Bennington had much in common with other New England settlements of its time. The intention of Bennington's first generation was to establish an egalitarian community and, when not engaged in the legal and physical wrangling over their land titles, settlement proceeded in a well-established pattern begun well before the middle of the eighteenth century.
Despite the independence movement of the Green Mountain Boys, Shalhope's Bennington became a fairly typical community over the period. Once land grant issues were resolved, proprietors and those who followed them to the grants experienced the same socio-economic trends of other New England communities: rapid population growth, industrialization and immigration. The earliest and best positioned settlers took up the most desirable land and quickly "concentrated on growing staple crops for distant markets" (p. 225). As their focus moved away from subsistence farming and they became tied to the regional and national economic forces, Bennington's yeomanry embraced ideals of Jeffersonian democracy that emphasized an equality of opportunity.
In the period after the American Revolution, the physical growth of Bennington as well as the development of other economic opportunities in professional occupations led Bennington to develop two distinctly different communities. The newer merchant-dominated downhill section challenged the economic and political dominance of the older uphill farming community. Not surprisingly, conflict developed between the uphill Jeffersonian Democrats and the new professionals, who embraced Federalist and, later, Whig sensibilities. Such deep divisions underlay the spectacle of the Post Office building being physically drawn back and forth between the two districts on skids. Yet, in the end, that conflict resolved itself on the side of the newly emergent merchant leaders. The shifting economic and social climate in the Jacksonian era made the downhill economic interests ascendant and possession of the Post Office passed to them along with the political power.
Though perhaps beyond the intended scope of Shalhope's book, several areas went unaddressed in his work. First, though there must surely have been native people still living in the area of Bennington at the time of its first settlement, Shalhope never mentions them. Ethan and Ira Allen certainly concerned themselves with extinguishing Indian land titles; were they the only ones? Was there no other discussion? In that same category, were all Yorker titles extinguished and Yorker tenants or grant holders banished? Were some of the poor farmers and landless poor who worked on the farms and in the mills of Bennington have been descendants of these less fortunate early settlers? Finally, by the second quarter of the nineteenth century, the religious and secular reform movements of the period were active centers of political and economic debate. Were Bennington's own reform societies not offering any challenge to the uphill and downhill elites? These are areas that still have important implications for Bennington's larger socio-political story.
Despite these last omissions, those wishing to learn more about the political and economic dimensions of Vermont's earlier settlement and the emergence of the Ethan Allen "ethos" in the nineteenth century will find this a valuable work.
This review was commissioned for H-Pol by Lex Renda <firstname.lastname@example.org>.
Copyright (c) 1998 by H-Net, all rights reserved. This work may be copied for non-profit educational use if proper credit is given to the author and the list. For other permission, please contact H-Net@h-net.msu.edu.
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Susan Ouellette. Review of Shalhope, Robert E., Bennington and the Green Mountain Boys: The Emergence of Liberal Democracy in Vermont, 1760-1850.
H-Pol, H-Net Reviews.
Copyright © 1998 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For any other proposed use, contact the Reviews editorial staff at email@example.com.


Being able to do this activity is all about having the right size and shaped containers. Having said that, our small jar was far from perfect, right size but the shape was a little off! A small jar with a narrower neck or a very small bottle would have been more effective.
For this volcano, you will need a large glass jar, a smaller glass bottle, wire, red food colouring and hot and cold water. Tie some wire around the small glass bottle so that it can be picked up without having to hold the glass.
Pour cold water into the large glass jar so it’s about 2/3 full. Fill the small glass jar with hot water and add a teaspoon red food colouring. Z went a bit over the top with the food colouring as she poured it in!
Carefully place the small jar into the large jar and watch the water volcano erupt. This happens super quickly so you (or the children) may want to do this a few times. This volcano shows how cold and warm water mix. The hot water expands, taking up more space. It is, therefore, lighter than cold water and rises to the surface.
We found this activity in My First Science Book it’s full of 23 really simple, doable science experiments that can easily be done at home. Well worth getting for any young science enthusiasts.
Have you done any volcano experiments? I’d love to hear about them. Please comment below.
Thanks for reading
*This post includes affiliate links (see disclaimer)


20 October 1945. After its repeated calls on King Sisavangvong to abdicate are ignored, the Lao Issara national assembly formally deposes the king. However, with Luang Prabang in Chinese hands and disarmed French personnel also in the city, the king and his son, Crown Prince Savangvatthana, remain defiant.
20 October 1945. After a month of meetings across the length and breadth of the Mongolian People’s Republic, a national referendum on independence is held monitored by Chinese officials. According to official results, all voters opt for independence. The result is accepted by the Chinese government, which recognizes the MPR’s independence in January 1946.
20 October 1945. Two days after British forces take control of Bandung and the same day they are confronted with the carnage in Semarang, a detachment of Gurkha troops is despatched to Ambarawa and Magelang in the interior of Central Java (see map p. 283). Their goal is to secure the besieged women’s and children’s camps there and bring the internees to safety. However, trouble flares almost immediately between locals and Dutch RAPWI staff attached to the force.


FilSys: What Are The Financial Implications Of A National ID System?
Perhaps, the only country in Southeast Asia that hasn’t imposed a national ID system yet is the Philippines. Neighboring countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore have had one in place for a long time now, which is not just used for their identification but also for keeping track of their a citizen’s information deemed as necessary.
What is the National ID system all about?
The bill that was recently passed states that the national ID system of the country will be called the “Filipino Identification System” or “FilSys.” It’s a single ID card that can be used as a proof of identification for all transactions in the country, whether it’s by a government agency or a private institution. Once this is implemented, Filipinos both here and abroad will be required to register.
How does it work?
In this national ID system or the FilSys, the person should declare his or her name according to his or her birth certificate, photograph, gender, blood type, and signature. The ID will come with its own unique serial number, which will be called the Common Reference Number (CRN). The reference number will be issued by the Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA).
What information will be stored here?
This tamper-proof ID will be housing a smart chip that contains unique information associated to a person like his biometrics, iris scan, facial image reception code, and many other distinguishing features.
Other government-issued identification numbers such as the following will also be associated with the person’s designated CRN:
- Passport number
- Voter’s registration
- Tax Identification Number (TIN)
- Driver’s license number
Data privacy and confidentiality
Legislators who opposed this move by the government were concerned about the safety of everyone’s personal information from data leaks and other security attacks. However, Sol Aragones, the committee chairperson assured the public that the only agency that will have access to the information will be the PSA.
The bill made it clear that the information in the FilSys, despite being in the safekeeping of the PSA, cannot be disclosed to any requesting agencies without the consent of the ID holder, unless it falls under the following situations:
- In cases of accidents or disasters, where the ID holder’s medical history is needed by medical workers
- When the interest of public health or safety requires the data
- A court orders the data to be divulged
The bill also states that PSA, the Department of Information and Communications Technology, and the National Privacy Commission must implement measures that will guarantee the safekeeping of the information.
The benefits of a national ID system
The main goal of this ID system is to streamline transactions, lower the cost of government-related ID application, and ease and convenience for all transactions. How does it work?
1. Streamlined information
With a single ID for everything, all the information about a citizen are associated to his or her national ID number or CRN. From the basic personal information like birthday, address, phone number to your driving records, criminal records, and loans, a national ID system will provide access to these information to relevant agencies authorized by the person. This will not only streamline information, but also transactions be it with the government or private organizations.
2. No need for other “valid IDs”
Currently, we have separate IDs for SSS, Philhealth, Pag-ibig, and even for our tax and voter registration. While it makes sense to have a separate ID for each because they are after all different agencies of the government, it would be practical and more efficient if they’re all associated to a single ID.
Once a national ID system is in place, government and private agencies will no longer need other IDs to verify a person’s identity. Verification can already be done easily through the automated system which will come together with the implementation of the FilSys. From airports to banks, there’s no need for you to stress about bringing a number of valid IDs just to get your transactions going (which is a typical scenario in the country).
3. Faster ID verification
The provision of the FilSys will guarantee a fool-proof and highly secured process of identification according to Arnie A Teves Jr, a congressman. This will be made possible with the government’s initiative to gradually install biometric machines in all of its relevant agencies. Your trip to SSS, Philhealth, Pag-ibig, or whatever government agency will be less of a hassle once the national ID system is in place.
How will it impact your banking experience?
Identification plays an important role in managing your finances through your bank account. When you pay using your credit card, establishments will ask for a valid ID before running your card to charge you. When you do a transaction in a bank, you’ll need various IDs to verify your identity. With a more streamlined process of verifying a person’s identity through the FilSys, the experience will be more seamless.
1. Prevention against identity theft and fraud
It has been made clear that together with the national ID system, biometric machines will be installed in relevant government agencies. Also, state of the art technology is used for the national ID to make sure that it cannot be replicated or used by others.
The smart chip embedded in the ID will contain unique information associated to a person like his biometrics, iris scan, facial image reception code, and many other distinguishing features.
This will reduce identity theft, especially when it comes to availing banking or credit products, which can have dire consequences for the victims.
This security measure may not happen immediately once the FilSys is implemented, but once the system, its infrastructure, and the technology have been fully established, people will surely reap the security benefits that come with it.
2. Financial inclusion for everyone
During the summit on Financial Inclusion in the Digital Economy hosted by the ADB, according to Rochelle Tomas, the Inclusive Finance Advocacy officer of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), “One of the key barriers to financial inclusion in the country is the lack of a universal national ID and private industry has also identified it as one of the major costs in getting people on-board the financial system”
Currently, BSP has a very strict policy when it comes to opening a bank account in the country. It requires at least one photo ID together with other proofs of identification. While employed individuals could easily obtain valid photo IDs such as an SSS ID or UMID, and other official documents to verify their identity; the unemployed population on the other hand does not have access to those. With a national ID system coming close to its implementation, it will be a lot easier for the unemployed and unbanked Filipino to start banking.
As the country’s ID system heads towards a streamlined and automated process, everyone will benefit from it in a number of ways. Not only will it cut the unnecessary bureaucratic process in many public and private agencies short, it will also make many services from the private sector more inclusive to more Filipinos. At the end of the day, FilSys will make day-to-day transactions of Filipinos less of headache.


Many of us dream of a lean and well-toned body, and the reality of achieving and maintaining such a physique is all but easy. Physical exercise and proper nutrition are two of the main pillars towards attaining and (more importantly) sustaining this goal.
Balanced nutrition is paramount to good health and growth. Food can be classified into five main groups of protein, carbohydrates, dairy, lipids and fruits & vegetables
While the main source of these are all types of meat – whether red like beef, pork or lamb; or white like poultry – there are plant-based proteins in the form of soy (and its products and derivatives); beans such as pinto, kidney, garbanzo and adzuki; nuts like almonds, walnuts, pistachios and cashews; and seeds from pumpkin, sunflower, sesame and flax.
There continues to be constant debate on whether carbs are ‘good’ or ‘bad’. Some claim that carbs contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes, and should be avoided. Others argue that not all carbs are ‘bad’ and are in fact an important macro to include in our diets.
There are valid arguments to both sides, and it appears that carbohydrate requirement is largely dependent on an individual. A genetics-based nutrition test like Imagene Labs’ OriVit can indicate your personal potential effectiveness to a low carb diet.
Dietary carbohydrates can generally be grouped into sugars, starches and fiber. Carbs are often stored as fat (stored energy) for later use.
Sugars are short-chained carbohydrates. When people hear the word “sugar”, they often think of sweeteners that have gotten a bad rep for causing obesity and diseases. The fact is that sugars occur naturally in a wide variety of foods. Fructose can be found in fruits and honey. Galactose and lactose can be found in dairy. These are all great sources of energy, especially if you lead a highly active lifestyle.
Starches are long-chained carbohydrates that are eventually broken down into glucose during digestion. Glucose is used to fuel both the brain and working muscles.
Fibrer does not provide energy to the body directly, but it does feed the friendly bacteria in our digestive system.
Dairy products are derived from milk produced by mammals such as cattle, goats, sheep and even camels. Some examples of these products include yoghurt, cheese, sour cream and butter.
Most of us know lipids as “fats”, another maligned macro nutrient. While too much fat in one’s diet is unhealthy, it is plays an important role in regulating energy and hormones in our body; hence, consuming the right amount and types of lipids is integral to a healthy balanced diet.
5. Fruits & vegetables
Fruits and vegetables play an important role to provide and supply vitamins, micro-nutrients like zinc and magnesium, as well as abundance of vitamins and fibre.
These are some of the best foods to build a lean body.
The best is free range, grass fed lean beef. This type of red meat is loaded with good amounts of protein, B vitamins and zinc. A serving of about 85 grams of beef contains 22 grams of protein. This itself equates to about 44% of your daily requirement of protein. Beef from grass fed cattle also contains a higher amount of conjugated linoleic acid that help burn fat.
Eggs are an inexpensive and easily available source of protein. Most traditional physique building ‘wisdom’ focuses only on the whites, but boosting lean muscle production and strength are greatly helped by the yolks as well! Egg yolks contain ‘good’ cholesterol that counters the amount of LDL (‘bad’ cholesterol) in your body.
3. Cottage cheese
Most would turn away on hearing the word “cheese” due to the ‘dairy’s bad for you’ myth, but cottage cheese is a gem in the aim of getting a lean body. One serving of cottage cheese (roughly half a cup) supplies about a quarter of the body’s daily protein requirement. It has a very high content of casein, a slow digesting protein that helps to maintain muscle mass during periods of fasting. It also helps to prevent muscle from being used as a source of energy during periods of fasting.
If you were a child before the turn of the 21st century, you’d probably remembered this iconic cartoon character called Popeye. His secret to gaining strength and defeating his enemies is gobbling down a can of spinach.
While we can’t promise that you’ll have larger-than-life forearms, eating spinach for extra muscle and strength isn’t too far from the truth. Spinach contains good amounts of iron, magnesium and glutamine which are all paramount to the purpose of building muscle.
There are many other foods that are able to do the job to build a lean body mass. The key is to maintain a balanced diet to avoid nutritional deficiencies.


Increase in population and increasing urbanization have led to an explosion in traveling. The environmental impact of transportion is a concern.
All transportation emits, among others, carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. A conveyance is more or less effective depending on distance traveled and number of passengers. All are good at getting us around.
Note: The amount of CO₂ released by a cyclist is so small that it was neglected for this simulation.
Select the number of people to transport: 1, 5 or 300.
Click and then drag the thumbnails to classify vehicles most ecological to most polluting.
Click on "Check" to see the actual ranking.


Soy is considered a highly antigenic food and is one of the eight major allergens found in Western food processing.
The Soy Sensitivity Test assesses sensitivity to multiple peptides (short-chain amino acids) in soy, including GMO and non-GMO varieties. Soy in the United States is almost entirely genetically modified (GM) and, like other GM crops, contains pesticidal proteins added during genetic modification which can contribute to health problems in humans and other mammals such as increased weight and immune abnormalities.
THE SOY PROGRAM INCLUDES
- Advanced Soy Sensitivity Testing
- Medical & Wellness Team Analysis and Strategy
- In-Depth Results Review and Consultation


Every year on November 11th we celebrate Veterans Day to thank those who put their lives on the line to protect the freedoms we enjoy. Based on the latest data, there are 17.4 million American men and women that are veterans. They represent nearly 7% of the total civilian population.
In this blog, we compare the demographic and housing characteristics of veterans with those of the general population. We find that veterans are older, whiter, have a higher income, and a lower unemployment rate compared to the population as a whole. In regard to the characteristics of veteran homeowners, we find that veterans have a higher homeownership rate, buy their home later in their life, own less expensive but newer homes and fewer of them are still financing their home compared to the total population.
Parsing out by race, we find that there are more racial disparities among veterans. Specifically, more than 81% of veterans are white, 12% Black, 2% Asian, and 7% Hispanic. However, among the total U.S. population, 72% of people are white, 13% Black, 6% Asian, and 18% Hispanic.
Veterans are relatively older than the general U.S. population. About 50% of veterans are older than 65 compared with 21% of the total population. As a result, the median age of veterans is nearly 65 while the age of the total U.S. population is 39.
Veterans have a higher income since veterans tend to be older. In 2019, veterans earned nearly $10,000 more than the total population. Specifically, the median income for veterans was $72,870 compared to $64,070 for the total population.
Finally, based on the most recent data, veterans have a lower unemployment rate. In October, the unemployment rate for veterans was 5.9% compared to 6.9% for the population as a whole.
Veterans have a higher homeownership rate. In 2019, 77% of veterans owned a home compared to 64% which is the homeownership rate for the total population.
In the meantime, we find that veterans buy their home later in life. Since veterans are older than the typical American, they are also expected to buy homes at an older age. Specifically, the median age of veteran owners is 69 compared to 58 for the total population.
Although veterans buy newer homes, they buy less expensive homes than those that the typical American purchases. The median home value of homes that were purchased from veterans was $230,000 compared to $242,000, which was the value of homes purchased from the typical American.
Finally, since veterans have a higher income and own less expensive homes, fewer of them are still financing their home purchase. 54% of veterans’ homeowners have mortgages compared to 62% of total homeowners.
Based on several studies, military service has a positive effect on homeownership and household income.
“Copyright National Association of REALTORS®. Reprinted with permission.”


The Tin Drum opens with the line, “Granted: I am an inmate of a mental hospital,” thus setting the stage for its unreliable narrator, Oskar Matzerath, who tells varying versions of his story throughout the book. Oskar begins his life story with his Kashubian grandmother Anna Bronski and her improbable impregnation by Joseph Koljaiczek, who eludes police by hiding under Anna’s four skirts as she sits in a potato field. This fantastic conception is only one of the “miraculous” events that occur in the novel. The importance of history is evident in Oskar’s concern with the ancestry details.
Anna’s daughter Agnes grows up into a lovely woman, falls in love with her beautiful cousin Jan Bronski, but marries the German Alfred Matzerath, whom she nurses during the war. Throughout the first part of the novel, Agnes is torn between these two men, just as the Poles are torn between Germany and Poland, and Oskar continually speculates on the true nature of his parentage, unable to decide which of the two men is his real father. When Oskar is born, clairaudient and with his mental development completed at birth, Alfred Matzerath promises that Oskar shall inherit the grocery when he grows up. Preferring his mother’s promise of a tin drum on his third birthday, and entranced by the sound of a moth beating its wings against a sixty-watt light bulb, Oskar decides to stay: “Besides, the midwife had already cut my umbilical cord.” That is a pattern with Oskar: Whenever possible, Oskar chooses childhood pursuits over adult responsibilities; whenever possible, he claims responsibility for actions that have already occurred or that he could not have controlled.
On his third birthday, Oskar does indeed receive his drum, and, disgusted with the world of adults, with its deception and sordidness, including his mother’s ongoing affair with her cousin Jan, Oskar decides that he will not become an adult: He throws himself down the cellar stairs in order to have an explanation for his having stopped growing at the age of three. Throughout book 1, Oskar drums his way through the...
(The entire section is 864 words.)


Hawaii’s Kilauea Volcano May No Longer Be Active After Erupting Almost Continuously for 35 Years, Destroying Hundreds of Homes
When Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano spewed lava this spring and summer, destroying hundreds of homes and sending thousands fleeing, it was just a more dramatic episode of a long-running series: It’s been erupting nearly continuously for 35 years.
But that streak — the longest current run in the United States — may be at an end.
Kilauea has produced no lava on the surface of Hawaii’s Big Island for three months — neither at its summit, nor at its other vents, the lead scientist at US Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory said Tuesday.
When volcanoes stop erupting magma for that long, the next eruption generally will happen in a different spot, marking a new eruptive event, said Tina Neal, the observatory’s scientist in charge.
“The long-running eruptive activity that began in 1983 appears to have ended,” Neal said in a phone interview.
“We’re taking this 90-day mark as a sign that it’s very unlikely at this point” that the same eruptions will resume, she said.
But don’t sleep on Kilauea’s potential — it’s still active. Magma still is moving underground and the volcano is emitting gas. It will erupt again; it’s just a matter of where and when, scientists say.
“We’re in a pause of some sort. We just don’t know whether the pause is going to end with what we had before, or whether it’s going be something different,” USGS research geologist Don Swanson said.
The 35-year streak
Kilauea’s eruptive history spans tens of thousands of years, and the volcano has long inspired fascination and anxiety, as a tourist-drawing pillar of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and as a force that uprooted lives.
Kilauea’s most recent eruption streak started in January 1983, when lava broke out of fissures east of the summit; the lava fountains would eventually form a cone now called Puu Oo.
Between then and 2016, lava flows covered about 144 square kilometers, added more than 440 acres in the Big Island’s southeast, and destroyed 215 buildings, the USGS says.
Those eruptions came in more than 60 episodes, never with a three-month pause.
Kilauea’s summit itself began a nearly continuous eruption in 2008, eventually creating a lava lake that could sometimes be seen from public viewing areas.
Then came May’s eruption from fissures east of Puu Oo, destroying parts of the Leilani Estates community. By July, lava had covered more than 12 square miles and obliterated more than 700 homes.
But eruptions have stopped at all three sites. According to Neal:
• The Puu Oo vent hasn’t erupted since April.
• The summit’s lava lake drained away in early May.
• The fissures that erupted in May have been quiet since early September.
Why has it stopped erupting?
Neal cautions that eruptions could resume at any time. Even now, there are signs of magma refilling in Kilauea’s East Rift Zone, though not near this year’s vents.
Just two months ago, the USGS ranked Kilauea as the most threatening of the United States’ 161 active and potentially active volcanoes. The ranking took historic activity into account as well as how exposed people and property would be to eruptions.
Even without eruptions, the volcano poses hazards. Ground is unstable at the site of recent lava outbursts, and the thickest lava flows will remain hot for weeks or even years, Neal said.
The USGS on Tuesday morning still had Kilauea at an advisory, or “yellow,” alert level, which indicates either that the volcano is showing signs of elevated unrest, or volcanic activity has decreased significantly but is being closely monitored.
But why has Kilauea stopped erupting now?
“At its simplest, it just means there is not enough pressure in the system to push magma up and out,” Neal said.
“That could be caused by reduction in supply from the source.”
Or, she said, so much magma was evacuated this year, “there’s just a lot of room in the volcano to refill before it erupts again.”
Swanson, 80, has been studying Kilauea off and on since 1968, and has been working in Hawaii for the last 22 years.
In a November 29 essay on the observatory’s “Volcano Watch” site, the research geologist wrote that “this is, without a doubt, the most intellectually exciting time to be a volcanologist at the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.”
“The current inactivity at Kilauea has so many possible outcomes that it is a real challenge to figure out what might happen next,” he wrote.
“That, to research scientists, is a very stimulating and exciting thing to do — to think carefully,” he added by phone Tuesday.
He said there are many possibilities, including a return to what had been happening, or a step toward a vast change, like a shift toward fewer effusive eruptions and more explosive ones.
“This has happened in the past. If it returns to an explosive period,” it wouldn’t be unexpected, he said.


Matthew 5: The Blessed of God
The Sermon on the Mount begins in Matthew 5 and extends to chapter 7. Many consider it to be the greatest sermon ever preached. In fact, this sermon has been the most often and extensively quoted section in Scripture by Christian writers from the first until the fourth centuries (Quarles, 2011, p. 2). New Testament scholar and historian, Luke T. Johnson, pointed out that “the Sermon on the Mount has been considered an epitome of the teaching of Jesus and therefore, for many, the essence of Christianity” (2000, p. 654). The apostle Matthew recorded the general reaction this sermon produced in the first century and will produce for the next two millenniums: “And so it was, when Jesus had ended these sayings, that the people were astonished at His teaching” (7:28).
This sermon begins with what we call “The Beatitudes.” “Beatitude” means “blessedness” or “happiness.” So, in a world of despair, sorrow, and dissatisfaction, this is God’s recipe to real happiness.
Who are the blessed of God? They are not necessary the blessed of the world. They are blessed because of their personal relationship with God (vs. 11) and their reward (vs. 12), not because of their present external conditions. The “rewards” are beautifully applied to the present condition of each group.
- “The poor in spirit” have the kingdom of heaven (vs. 3). These are those who recognize their spiritual destitution, their need for spiritual riches, and their impotence to find them with their own means. They are powerless; they know it; and they humbly summit to God. They receive the kingdom of He Who humbled Himself to the lowest point (Philippians 2:5-8; cf. Matthew 18:3-4; Luke 18:9-14).
- “Those who mourn” shall be comforted (vs. 4). These are those who mourn over their own sins (2 Corinthians 7:10), the lost souls in the world (Romans 9:1-5), and the evil, pain and suffering of this life (Psalm 84:10; Romans 8:18-23). “God will wipe away every tear from their eyes” (Revelation 21:4), and they will mourn no more.
- “The meek” shall inherit the Earth (vs. 5). Moses, the meekest man of his time (Numbers 12:3), was prohibited to enter to the Promise Land due to an angry outburst (Deuteronomy 32:48-52). But the heavenly promises and blessings of God still stand for those who learn from He Who is “gentle and lowly in heart” (Matthew 11:29; cf. Psalm 37:11).
- “Those who hunger and thirst for righteousness” shall be filled (vs. 6). These are those with a strong spiritual appetite, whose food is to do the will of the Father (cf. John 4:34). They “seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness” (Matthew 6:33), and therefore, will be filled with the bread of life and the living water (John 4:14; 6:35), and will be eternally satisfy in the heavenly pastures of God (Psalm 23).
- “The merciful” shall obtain mercy (vs. 7). These are those who recognize the immeasurable mercy of God for them, and extend godly mercy to others (cf. 18:23-35). They have obliging hands, tender hearts, forgiving minds, kind words, open ears, and compassionate eyes (Genesis 50:21; Matthew 6:12; 25:34-40; Romans 12:15).
- “The pure in heart” shall see God (vs. 8). These are those “whose minds, motives, and principles are pure; who seek not only to have the external actions correct, but who desire to be holy in heart, and who are so” (Barnes, 2005, 1:45, italics in orig.). They pursue holiness, without which no one will see the holy God (Hebrews 12:14).
- “The peacemakers” shall be called sons of God (vs. 9). These are those who work to make peace between God and man (2 Corinthians 5:20), man and his neighbor (2 Corinthians 13:11), and man and his conscience (Romans 7:15-24). They are sons of the God of peace (Romans 15:33), serve the Prince of Peace (Isaiah 9:6), preach the Gospel of peace (Romans 10:15), enjoy indescribable peace (Philippians 4:7), and head for the place of eternal peace (Isaiah 57:1-2).
- “Those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake” have the kingdom of heaven (vss. 10-11). These are those who live in this world, but do not conform to this world (Romans 12:2) because they are citizens of heaven; “therefore the world hates” them (John 15:19). They receive the kingdom of He Who also faced similar hostility (Romans 8:17-18; 1 Peter 4:12-14).
The blessed of God “[r]ejoice in the Lord always” (Philippians 4:4). They cannot avoid their joy; the lost cannot understand their joy; and the world cannot stop their joy. “Rejoice and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven” (vs. 12).
Barnes, Albert (2005), Barnes’s Notes: The Gospels (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker).
Johnson, Luke (2000), The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought, eds. Adrian Hastings, et.al. (New York: Oxford University).
Quarles, Charles (2011), Sermon on the Mount: Restoring God’s Message to the Modern Church (Nashville, TN: B&H).


Organizations, regardless of their size, are key actors towards the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The SDGs establish a transparent framework for organizations. The SDG establishes a transparent framework for organizations. SDG services aligned with organizations are intended to help businesses in diverse industries and across all continents address the world’s most critical issues.
Organizations cannot thrive in a world of poverty, inequality, unrest, and environmental problems, so they have a particular interest in ensuring compliance with Agenda 2030 and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals. By advocating for recognized standards and principles in the areas of human rights, dignified work, the environment, and anti-corruption, companies make an essential contribution to the SDGs. Many companies already acted and reported on the issues covered by the SDGs, such as climate change, water management and working conditions. However, ALLCOT has developed the following services to support companies in making a greater impact on the SDGs.
SDG mapping is a tool that supports organizations to identify and align their actions with the 17 SDGs and thus contribute to their global and local attainment. For the mission of aligning an organization with the 17 SDGs and their more than 150 associated goals, ALLCOT establishes a diagnosis and a road map, after confirming or reorienting specific actions that the organization has already taken.
SDG Mapping can be applied to public and private organizations regardless of the advancement of their sustainability strategy:
- Leading organizations in sustainable development
- Organizations that need to boost or improve their sustainable development.
- Organizations are becoming involved in the measurement of their sustainable development.
In all three cases the mapping process employs the following methodologies:
- Data Gathering
- Data processing with tool: SDG Initial Assessment Tool
- Risk Analysis.
- Materiality Analysis.
- Identifies your organisation’s level of quantitative and qualitative contributions to the SDGs.
- Identifies the priorities to be included in the sustainability strategy of each project, organization, or sector.
- Identifies strengths and opportunities for each organization in regard to achieving the SDGs and the sustainable growth of the organization.
- Prioritization of performance indicators and strategic sustainability actions.
- Compliance status of sustainability indicators according to standards.
- Defining priorities for sustainability in relation to the SDGs.


A massive effort led by OMRF scientists has identified three new lupus genes.
New research published in the April 6 issue of the American Journal of Human Genetics describes three lupus genes discovered by OMRF researchers as part of the largest study of its kind.
With help from partners around the world, including universities and research facilities in Granada, Spain, Taipei, Taiwan, Seoul, Korea, Bogota, Colombia, and across the U.S., OMRF scientists gathered more than 17,000 samples for large-scale genetic testing.
The project, which began in 2009, took a year to gather the samples and another year to run the genetic tests. Since then, the researchers have pored over the data, said the study’s lead author, and OMRF scientist Christopher Lessard, Ph.D.
“We have pinned down three new genes that show statistical significance for lupus risk,” he said. “We’ve also turned up another 11 regions we think might be related to lupus, but those need more study.”
“The study included a variety of ethnic groups, and the results show the genes that cause lupus aren’t always universal,” said Patrick Gaffney, M.D., who co-authored the study.
Using samples from a wide range of ethnic backgrounds, scientists found the genes IRF8 and TMEM39a were associated with lupus in European-American, African-American, Gullah and Asian patients. A third gene named IKZF3 was only significant in African-American and European-American samples.
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by a combination of environmental and multiple genetic factors. The disease causes the immune system to become overactive, mistaking the body’s own cells like they were bacteria or viruses and attacking them. Symptoms include fatigue, fever, rashes and joint pain, and there is no known cure for the disease.
The massive international research effort has already turned up numerous other discoveries about lupus, said Gaffney. So far the project has resulted in at least 15 published papers, and several more are in the pipeline.
The next step will be studying the genes to find out what role they play in lupus, said Lessard.
“Identifying and characterizing these genetic risk factors in lupus will undoubtedly lead to improved diagnostics and therapeutics for this complex disease,” said OMRF scientist Kathy Moser, Ph.D., senior author of the new study.
Lupus Foundation of America, Oklahoma chapter Executive Director Mannix Barnes said the discovery marks another significant step for patients.
“The importance of continued research for lupus is imperative to finding the cause and treatments for a disease that affects over 1.5 million Americans, mostly women,” said Barnes. “I can honestly say from an executive viewpoint in an organization that fields thousands of calls annually from women affected by this disease, I hope research one day will be able to put us out of business and start saving lives in return.”
The research was funded by grants from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Center for Research Resources, the Lupus Research Institute, the Alliance for Lupus Research, the Korean Healthcare Technology R&D Project, the Arthritis National Research Foundation Eng Tan Scholar Award, the Arthritis Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Association Against Rheumatism, the Fundacion Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Wenner Gren Foundation, Arthritis Research UK, the Wellcome Trust, Kirkland Scholar Award, Wake Forest University Health Sciences Center for Public Health Genomics, the European Science Foundation, and the Federico Wilhelm Agricola Foundation Research grant.
OMRF scientists Courtney Montgomery, Ph.D., Marta Alarcon, Ph.D., Joan Merrill, M.D., Judith James, M.D., Ph.D., Hal Scofield, M.D., John Ice, M.D., Indra Adrianto, Ph.D., and Astrid Rasmussen, M.D., Ph.D. contributed to the study.


About this video
Through this course (suitable for novice programmers and consisting of 100+ lectures and 20+ hours of content), you'll master Unity 2D and 3D game development by building 20+ mini-projects. You can use these skills in any of your Unity projects later.
Starting with installing Unity and Visual Studio, this course takes you through the process of learning game development with Unity by building 20+ mini-projects. For novice programmers, a separate section teaches C# scripting fundamentals for game development in Unity. With these basics mastered, the course takes you through building different mini-projects with Unity so you learn more about using it to create games.
Students completing the course will have the knowledge to create fully-functional games with Unity and C#; they will also be able to use their C# skills to build anything else they need. You'll work alongside the author as you study each concept, complete with working files. After finishing this course, you will have built 20+ mini-projects using Unity and C#.
Want to learn Unity by building lots of mini-projects? Then this is the perfect course for you.
All the code files are placed at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Unity-By-Example-Build-20-Mini-Projects-in-Unity
- Publication date:
- August 2019
- 20 hours 42 minutes


5.4 Visual and hearing impairment
Age 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-79 >80
Visual acuity should be assessed from 65 years of age using the Snellen chart (B) in those with symptoms or who request it. There is no evidence that screening of asymptomatic older people results in improved vision.50,51
Hearing loss is a common problem among older individuals and is associated with significant physical, functional and mental health consequences. Annual questioning about hearing impairment is recommended with people aged >65 years (B).
In some states and territories, there are legal requirements for annual assessment (eg driving aged >70 years).52
Eye disease and visual impairment increase three-fold with each decade of life after 40 years of age. They are often accompanied by isolation, depression and poorer social relationships, and are strongly associated with falls and hip fractures.53 It should be determined whether the patient is wearing up-to-date prescription spectacles, and whether there is a possibility of falls because the patient is no longer capable of managing a bifocal, trifocal or multifocal prescription. People at greater risk of visual loss are older people and those with diabetes and a family history of vision impairment; such history should be sought. Smoking (current or previous) increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration.54 Cataracts are the most common eye disease in Australians aged ≥65 years (42% of cases of visual impairment), followed by age-related macular degeneration (AMD; 30%), diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. The leading causes of blindness in those aged ≥65 years are AMD (55%), glaucoma (16%) and diabetic retinopathy (16%).55,56
- Smeeth L, Iliffe S. Community screening for visual impairment in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;3:CD001054.
- US Preventive Services Task Force. Impaired visual acuity in older adults: Screening. Rockville, MD: USPSTF, 2016. Available at www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/impaired-visual-acuity-in-older-adults-screening#consider [Accessed 23 May 2016].
- Austroads. Assessing fitness to drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers. Sydney: Austroads, 2012 (as amended up to 30 June 2014). Available at www.onlinepublications.austroads.com.au/items/AP-G56-13 [Accessed 15 December 2015].
- Taylor H, Keeffe J. Updates in medicine: Ophthalmology. Med J Aust 2002;176(1):29.
- Smith W, Mitchell P, Leeder SR. Smoking and age-related maculopathy. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114(12):1518–23.
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australia’s health 2006. Canberra: AIHW, 2006.
- Tapp RJ, Shaw JE, Harper CA, et al. The prevalence of and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Australian population. Diabetes Care 2003;26(6):1731–37.
- US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for hearing loss in older adults. Rockville MD: USPSTF, 2011. Available at www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspshear.htm#top [Accessed 15 December 2015].
- Moyer VA. Screening for hearing loss in older adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2012;157(9):655–61.


By Kaleena Fraga
Governments often recognize wrongdoing, but rarely issue an official apology. When President Barack Obama visited Japan in 2016, he expressed sympathy for the victims of the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but stopped short of officially apologizing for the United States’ actions. Japanese leaders similarly visited Pearl Harbor, but did not apologize for the attack that drew the United States into WWII.
Apologies are political tools, and are used sparingly. In its history, the United States has only apologized for five things, including the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII. Although these camps are largely referred to as “internment camps” the Japanese American community prefers “concentration camps” and, indeed, that’s what Franklin Roosevelt called them at the time.
After Pearl Harbor, public sentiment had turned hostile toward Japanese Americans, most of whom lived on the West Coast. Despite a lack of hard evidence that Japanese Americans were a threat, one West Coast commander insisted that didn’t mean that they couldn’t become a threat. This new hostility grew from an already established animosity toward Japanese Americans, who many white citizens felt were taking their jobs and threatening a cultural shift.
Top politicians in California, the entire military leadership, and nearly Roosevelt’s entire Cabinet insisted that the president must act. Roosevelt accepted the “military necessity” of action, and signed Executive Order 9066, which would forcibly remove all people of Japanese descent (anyone with 1/16 or more Japanese ancestry) from any region that the government designated as a military zone. This included California, the western half of Washington state and Oregon, and the southern part of Arizona. It would effect more than one hundred thousand people, many of them children. During the war 10 people would be accused of spying for Japan–none of whom were Japanese-Americans. According to one story, there was an act of sabotage perpetrated by a Japanese American farmer. When he was told to leave his farm to be relocated, he asked for an extension to farm his strawberries. When this request was denied, he destroyed his field. Strawberries, the government said, were necessary to the war effort, so the farmer was arrested for sabotage.
There was one person in FDR’s inner circle who fought the decision. Eleanor Roosevelt praised Japanese Americans as patriots, and later visited a concentration camp in Arizona. After the war she wrote that “emotions ran too high, too many people wanted to wreak vengeance on Oriental looking people. There was no time to investigate families or adhere strictly to the American rule that a man was innocent until he is proved guilty.” Her husband later expressed regret as well, but there’s little evidence that he took Eleanor’s concerns seriously at the time.
Few did. In a Gallup poll in 1942, only 35% of respondents thought that Japanese-Americans should be allowed to return to their homes on the West Coast after the war. The only West Coast newspaper to oppose internment came from the little community of Bainbridge Island, Washington, one of the first touched by Order 9066. The papers’ co-editors, Walt and Mildred Woodward, wrote that they hoped the Order “will not mean the removal of American-Japanese citizens…they have the right of every citizen: to be held innocent and loyal until proven guilty.”
John Tateishi, who was three when his family was relocated, later led the push for a formal apology from the United States government. He spent eight years lobbying for such an apology, noting that such a demand was polarizing even within the Japanese-American community. “We came out of these camps with a sense of shame and guilt, of having been considered betrayers of our country,” Tateishi said. “There were no complaints, no big rallies or demands for justice because it was not the Japanese way.”
In 1980, Congress established a commission on the camps. It ultimately decided that the Order was a “grave injustice” motivated by “racial prejudice, war hysteria and the failure of political leadership.” Eight years later, Reagan signed a bill to send each surviving internee $20,000 and an apology from the American government. Reagan, who initially opposed the apology as “left-over Carterism” grew to support it. However an attorney working with Japanese American families to overturn wartime evacuation order violations suggested that that “the President would not have signed the bill absent some political imperative,” and that he was courting Japanese-American voters.
A spokesman for the Japanese American Citizens League said that while money ”could not begin to compensate a person for his or her lost freedom, property, livelihood or for the stigma of disloyalty,” it proved the sincerity of the government’s apology.
At the signing of the bill, Reagan himself noted:
“It’s not for us today to pass judgement upon those who may have made mistakes while engaged in that great struggle. Yet we must recognize that the internment of Japanese-Americans was just that: a mistake.
No payment can make up for those lost years. So what is most important in this bill has less to do with property than with honor. For here we admit a wrong; here we reaffirm our commitment as a nation to equal justice under the law.”


As the wife of Edward of York, Elizabeth Woodville was given the unofficial title of the 'White' Queen, which is how she is remembered today.
It was a name bestowed upon her during the British civil war of the 1400s, known as 'The Wars of the Roses' — a white rose was the symbol of the house of York.
At the time, the country was at war with the Lancastrians (the reds) and the Yorks (the whites), who were fighting for the crown. But Elizabeth is also remembered as the mother of the missing 'Princes in the tower.'
READ MORE: The sad life of Empress Elisabeth of Austria
In the beginning, Elizabeth was seen as an unacceptable choice of bride for Edward IV.
Although nobody could deny she was blessed with beauty and charm, Edward was strongly advised against the marriage for several reasons — she was five years older than her husband and, even more worrying, she was already a mother and a widow.
And yet, Elizabeth Woodville eventually became the symbol of the picture-perfect Queen; she was submissive, beautiful and she already had the crucial proven ability to bear children. Elizabeth came to the marriage with two sons from her late husband, Sir John Grey, who was killed on the battlefield.
Historians have differing opinions about where Elizabeth first met Edward. Some believe they might have met at an important event in the 1450s, while others guess that they might have met as children.
According to Amy Licence, author of Edward IV & Elizabeth Woodville: A True Romance, Elizabeth's parents served in Rouen at the same time Edward's father was living there, as Lieutenant of Normandy.
Amy Licence writes: "For much of Edward's youth, Elizabeth was married and unavailable, a situation which only changed shortly before he became king. It is possible that he admired her before this point but, even if they had never previously seen one another, their attraction was quickly and decisively established."
Edward is believed to have stayed at the home of Elizabeth's parents in 1461 when, in the wake of the battle of Towton, he granted Elizabeth's father a pardon.
This was seen as an important time in Edward's relationship with Elizabeth, who had been recently widowed. She was forced to move with her children to her parent's home when her land was taken away from her. So the timing was perfect; moving back home at the same time the King happened to be in town.
There's a story about Elizabeth pleading with the King to have her land returned to her, and Edward being so taken by her beauty he fell instantly in love. We'll never know what really happened — and some historians believe the King was already married at this time — but a couple of years later, the couple married in secret.
The ceremony took place in the chapel at Groby and while Elizabeth's mother helped plan the ceremony, her father was kept in the dark, and only five people attended.
Although the wedding was a simple one, the couple was said to be madly in love. In fact, the marriage was such a fiercely-guarded secret, it wasn't until the King's advisor, Lord Warwick, suggested Edward propose to a French princess, that Edward told the truth. He revealed he'd already tied the knot with Elizabeth — she was crowned Queen of England on May 26, 1465.
Even though Elizabeth came to the marriage with two sons, she was under great pressure to produce Edward's son and heir. She soon had three daughters, but she was desperately praying for a son.
Meanwhile, the King's advisor Lord Warwick was working behind the scenes to oust the King, teaming up with the opposing forces, the Lancastrians.
When Edward caught wind of this betrayal, he fled overseas, leaving his heavily-pregnant wife in London. Fearful for her life, Elizabeth took her five children to Westminster Abbey, where she gave birth to her baby, naming him Edward after his father.
When the King returned to England to lead the battle against the Lancastrian forces, his former advisor Warwick was killed and the Lancastrian King and Queen were captured. King Henry VI was executed in the Tower of London, and Edward and Elizabeth ruled peacefully — until the King died of pneumonia in April 1483.
Edward and Elizabeth's son was too young to take over the crown, so Edward's brother Richard was given the title of Lord Protector. But Richard, fearing Elizabeth's family might attempt to seize power, had her brother Anthony arrested, along with her son from her first marriage, Richard Grey. Then he put the new King Edward in the Tower of London.
With his rivals in the Tower, Richard proclaimed himself King Richard III.
Paranoid that Elizabeth was scheming to murder him, King Richard declared her sons illegitimate. He hid the young boys, Edward V and Richard of York, in the Tower of London, when they were aged just nine and 12.
They were never seen again. Nobody really knows what happened to them, but it's generally assumed they were murdered by Richard so he could secure his hold on the throne.
Richard also had Elizabeth's brother, Anthony Woodville, and her younger son Richard Grey, executed.
Elizabeth was devastated to learn of the executions. And here is why she is a key figure in British history; she immediately formed an alliance with Margaret Beaufort, the mother to the only Lancastrian heir, Henry Tudor. It was agreed that Elizabeth would get Henry on the throne if he'd marry Elizabeth's eldest daughter, Elizabeth of York.
Historians claim it was a brilliant tactical move, orchestrated by the Queen, that affected the outcome of the Wars of the Roses. In 1485, Henry Tudor invaded England, and Richard III was defeated.
Britain soon had a new King, Henry VII, and so began the infamous Tudor dynasty. You could say it was a happy ending of sorts, despite the tragic executions; Henry married Elizabeth of York and Elizabeth was given her full title and honours back, just as she deserved.
She then retired to a peaceful life in an abbey, and lived long enough to see the Tudor line secured before her death in April 1492.
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Playing sports teaches kids a number of skills for life, whether they join a sports team or simply spend time in the park with friends. If you’re not a sports enthusiast yourself, then you may be wondering whether playing these games benefits your child, or whether they should focus their energy on other aspects of life such as academics. Here are some reasons why kids of all ages can benefit from sports, and why you should encourage them to play regularly.
- Sports can build confidence
If your child hasn’t played many sports in the past, they may be nervous about starting a new activity. However, studies have shown that sports can build confidence, as can other physically challenging activities such as dance or hiking.
There are a number of reasons why sports can build confidence:
- They show a child that if they put the effort in, they can achieve their goals
- Children know they are ‘good’ at a specific activity, which helps their self esteem
- Sports teach children to aspire to a high standard
- They learn to deal with failure, criticism and rejection, all of which are important life lessons
- Sports can help kids build friendships
School can be tough on kids, and there are often cliques and drama that come with making friends in elementary, middle or high school. That’s why it’s important to encourage your child to make friends outside of school. Sports are an excellent way for your child to meet new people outside of their class, and can be good for kids who are dealing with issues such as bullying.
- If they’re good, it could help pay for college
Kids who put the work in and focus on a sport they are good at could find benefits down the line. About 2% of high-school students earn athletic scholarships, which can be an excellent way to get your child into college, and can open up all sorts of possibilities. If you visit asmscholarships.com, you can find out more about some of the scholarships available, from baseball to golf.
- Playing sports is good for health
You may think that the amount of exercise kids get at school is enough for them, but the sad truth is, 9 out of 10 high schoolers don’t get enough exercise. Schools are often underfunded and teachers often don’t have time to fit in enough gym and sports lessons for kids, as they are busy focusing on academics.
Not only does a lack of exercise in youth mean that kids are more susceptible to obesity, heart problems and diabetes in later life, it also means they are less likely to exercise as adults. It’s incredibly hard to pick up a new habit when you’re older, so you should encourage an active lifestyle in your kids while they are still young, as this will hopefully put them on track to lead a healthy life later on.
Playing sports is an important part of growing up, so even if your child isn’t a natural athlete, it’s worth seeing if you can find a sport that works for them. Whether it’s football, baseball, gymnastics, dance or martial arts, spending some time taking part in an activity that’s challenging and physically demanding each week will help them build confidence, stay healthy and may even lead to a life-long hobby.