Los Angeles, CA
left: Mt. Washington location, right: The Southwest Museum at LACMA West, photos, ©1999 John Hazeltine
http://www.southwestmuseum.org/ [this URL is no longer active]
Watercolors by WPA Artist Evelyn H. Nadeau on view at the Southwest Museum
From April 1936 through June 1937 Evelyn H. Nadeau was commissioned by the WPA to document the Southwest Museum's collection of Southwestern basketry and selected pieces of Navajo, Mojave, Pima and Maricopa pottery. Twenty-five of her exceptional watercolors will be on view in the Lower Lobby Gallery through October 5, 1997. The exhibition, curated by Jack McCord, is funded in from the Camilla Chandler Family Foundation.
The Great Depression of the 1930s devastated the United States, as millions of people lost their jobs. When Herbert Hoover's presidency gave way in 1933 to Franklin D. Roosevelt, a "New Deal" was established, and in 1935 the Works Progress Administration was created. In 1939 the name was changed to Work Projects Administration. The WPA's approach to massive unemployment meant using available skills to accomplish necessary work.
The WPA lasted until 1943 and during that lime put nine million people to work on such projects as building roads and constructing buildings, bridges and tunnels. When plans were made to establish the Federal Art Project as part of the WPA, critics objected to spending money on "questionable" pursuits. The WPA's administrator Harry Hopkins replied, "Hell! They've got to eat just like other people." Painters, sculptors, art teachers, writers, musicians and filmmakers were among those who worked in the Art Project, and many left a legacy from which our country still benefits.
The National Park Service established a unit within the Federal Art Project to, among other things, provide for the preservation of antiquities of national significance. From April 1936 until July 1937 the Southwest Museum, under the leadership of Curator Mark R. Harrington, participated in this part of the Project, utilizing as many as 32 artists and crafts people. The rate of pay ranged from $84 to $94 per month, and "street-car tokens could be issued for those living at a distance."
Among the benefits which the Museum enjoyed from the Project were prints made from hundreds of Charles F. Lummis' irreplaceable photographic negatives from the late 1800s. Additionally, paintings were made of people and architecture important in early California history. Pictorial maps were drawn that showed Spanish missions in California and New Mexico. Historical figures and settings were created for dioramas. For cataloging purposes, paintings and drawings were made of items in the Museum's collections. Evelyn Hunt Nadeau was among the artists who worked in the Art Project during its 16 months at the Museum. She produced nearly 40 watercolors, mostly of pottery, with some paintings of baskets, robes and hides. A comment about her work found among the records of the Project states, "For reference purposes, sets of watercolors were made, the best of which is an excellent series illustrating the typical pottery of the various tribes of Southwest Indians..., a series worthy of exhibit or reproduction." A letter dated June 11, 1937, from the Museum to a WPA official calls Evelyn "one of our best and most versatile workers."
When the WPA ended its tenure at the Southwest Museum in 1937, Evelyn was hired directly by the Museum to continue cataloging its collections and provide illustrations for The Masterkey. During World War II Evelyn lived in Washington, D.C. and worked for the armed forces in cartography and aerial mosaics. In 1947 she returned to California, where she became an art teacher and free-lance artist. Eventually she retired to the family ranch just outside Santa Maria, where she died in 1976 at the age of 77.
An Autry National Center page sourced October 2011 titled "What Is the Autry?" says: "The Autry National Center, formed in 2003 by the merger of the Autry Museum of Western Heritage with the Southwest Museum of the American Indian and the Women of the West Museum, is an intercultural history center dedicated to exploring and sharing the stories, experiences, and perceptions of the diverse peoples of the American West." A July 01, 2011 article in the Los Angekes Times titled "Los Angeles' Southwest Museum is an artifact worth saving" says: "...The Southwest Museum is conveniently located next to the Metro Gold Line station of the same name. But you can't visit the museum, and haven't been able to since it was closed to the public in 2006..."
Please click on thumbnail images bordered by a red line to see enlargements.
This page was originally published in Resource Library Magazine. Please see Resource Library's Overview section for more information. rev. 10/7/11
Search Resource Library for thousands of articles and essays on American art.
Copyright 2011 Traditional Fine Arts Organization, Inc., an Arizona nonprofit corporation. All rights reserved.


Plant Structures: Cells, Tissues, and Structures
In reviewing plant physiology, plant cells are grouped into tissues based on similar characteristics, then into five distinct structures (organs).
- Cells – individual building blocks for life processes and growth. Common cells contain genetic matter (deoxyribonuecleic acid or DNA) and metabolic organelles but they are mostly water. In green plants, they are the site of sugar production (photosynthesis).
Figure 1. Plant cell
- Tissues – Groups of cells that are similar in appearance and function, for example:
- Epidermis is the single exterior layer that protects the stems, leaves, flowers, and roots. The outside surface of the epidermis tissue is usually covered with a waxy substance called cutin, which reduces water loss.
- Parenchyma tissues are made of simple, thin-walled cells. In a carrot, for example, the parenchyma cells become a storage unit called the cortex. In leaves, a layer of parenchyma tissues under the epidermis is active in photosynthesis. When wounded, parenchyma cells can become meristematic and proliferate to grow over the wound.
- Meristematic tissues are comprised of actively dividing cells.
- Sclerenchyma tissues are thick-walled support cells found throughout the plant as fiber.
- Xylem is a structurally complex tissue that conducts water and nutrients from the roots to all parts of the plant. The xylem is comprised of a series of long tubes made up of shorter vessel members. In woody plants, the xylem tissue becomes the wood.
- Phloem tissue conducts food and metabolites from photosynthesis throughout the plant, including down to the roots.
- Structures (organs) – Groups of tissues working together with a common function, (e.g., roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds).
- Plant – Made up of a number of coordinated structures to form a working unit.
CMG GardensNotes on vegetable gardening
- Horticulture Classification, #121
- Taxonomic Classification, #122
- Plant Structures: Cells, Tissues, and Structures, #131
- Plant Structures: Roots, #132
- Plant Structures: Stems, #133
- Plant Structures: Leaves, #134
- Plant Structures: Flowers, #135
- Plant Structures: Fruit, #136
- Plant Structures: Seeds, #137
- Plant Growth Factors: Photosynthesis, Respiration and Transpiration, #141
- Plant Growth Factors: Light, #142
- Plant Growth Factors: Temperature, #143
- Plant Growth Factors: Water, #144
- Plant Growth Factors: Hormones, #145
- Homework: How Plants Grow. #147
- References and Review Questions: How Plants Grow, #120
- Worksheet: Plant Structures, #146
- CMG GardenNotes are available online at www.cmg.colostate.edu
- Colorado Master Gardener/Colorado Gardener Certificate Training is made possible by a grant from the Colorado Garden Show, Inc.
- Colorado State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Colorado counties cooperating
- Extension programs are available to all without discrimination.
- No endorsements of products mentioned is intended nor is criticism implied of products not mentioned.
- Copyright. 2003-14. Colorado Master Gardener Program, Colorado State University Extension. All Rights Reserved. CMG GardenNotes may be reproduced without change or additions, for nonprofit educational use.
Revised October 2014


Promoting and Optimising Child Wellbeing
Child wellbeing and wellness are not necessarily the same thing, but no one would deny they are usually closely related. Furthermore, whilst well and unwell can often be considered as two sides of the same coin, wellbeing itself is a more nuanced concept which requires additional qualification before it becomes descriptive and meaningful for any individual.
To illustrate some of the diverse ways of approaching these concepts, the following diagram summarises aspects of health and wellbeing from four different perspectives:
Looking exclusively at health in the first instance, Garvey (2018) for example quotes the World Health Organisation’s measured definition of health as:
‘… a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.’ (WHO)
noting that, by 2016, the wording had been further broadened and amplified to reflect the growing importance of mental as well as physical health, to become:
‘… a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.’ (WHO, 2016)
A mental health dimension
Though the acknowledgement that understanding how a child may be feeling is just as important as detecting signs of physical distress, the work of Greenspoon & Saklofske (2001) suggests that improving mental health can be usefully conceptualised as a ‘dual factor’ model which not only enhances mental wellbeing, but also prevents mental health problems. (See Figure 2 below)
Figure 2: A dual factor model of mental health and wellbeing (Inspired by Greenspoon & Saklofske, 2001)
Supporting this view, many have observed:
‘… mental wellbeing and mental health are … two distinct dimensions. Therefore, it is possible for someone to experience mental health problems while at the same time having good mental wellbeing and a good quality of life, just as someone who does not experience mental health problems may nonetheless experience poor mental wellbeing and a poor quality of life. (Scottish Government, 2009a)
Being an advanced society may count for very little
Elsewhere (e.g. Nangah and Mills, 2015), health and emotional wellbeing have been featured in a similar dual evaluation, ‘continuum’ ideology. Nevertheless, there is some contemporary evidence to suggest that, even as a relatively advanced nation, we have no reason to be complacent about our efforts to promote child wellbeing. For example, in a UNICEF report on child wellbeing (UNICEF, 2007) involving 29 countries, the UK was placed in the lowest quartile for all reported measures. Assessing this performance, Mainstone-Cotton adds:
‘The report looked at six different aspects of wellbeing: education, health and safety, relationships with family and friends, behaviour and risks and children’s views of their own wellbeing. Britain got the lowest score in two of these six areas: relationships with family and friends and children’s own view of their wellbeing.’ (Mainstone-Cotton, 2017)
Furthermore, research has shown that children who are highly materialistic have higher levels of depression and lower levels of happiness (Hurst et al, 2013). And focussing specifically upon mental health, the National Association of Headteachers have cautioned that 20% of all school children will have a mental health problem before they reach the age of 11. (Richardson, 2016)
Why should practitioners intervene?
Frederickson and Cline remind us that the primary reasons for intervening to promote children’s wellbeing are:
- ‘… avoiding the negative consequences of deficiencies in social and emotional competence and well-being’, and
- ‘… reaping the positive benefits associated with well-developed competencies [which include] … greater educational and work success, improved behaviour, increased inclusion, improved learning, greater social cohesion, increased social capital and improvements to mental health.’ (Frederickson and Cline, 2009)
So, if we are serious about helping children to grow, develop and flourish in developmental terms, it’s equally important to consider their wellbeing too – a fact brought out even more clearly when we consider the positive effect such nurturing is likely to have on various aspects of brain function, as illustrated in Figure 3.
Detailing the benefits, Garvey notes:
‘… the importance of a reptilian brain that feels safe, the mammalian brain enabled to develop feelings, emotions, self-confidence and so on, and the neocortex able to think, reason, learn and thrive. Consider all of this together and it is easy to see how wellbeing and early childhood are inextricably linked …’ (Garvey, 2018)
Assessing a child’s wellbeing
For the purposes of establishing some consistency within any particular setting it can be helpful to use some standardised form of critical assessment of wellbeing. Thus, many practitioners use the Leuven scale developed at the Research Centre for Experiential Education in Leuven, Belgium. As illustrated in Figure 4, this five-point scale can be used to track the nature of a child’s engagement, from a stance of outright rejection through to ultra-immersion and instantaneous response.
Emphasising the important connection between wellbeing and involvement in learning (Laevers, 2015), Garnett remarks:
‘A child high on the well-being scale will be more involved, leading to further deep-level learning. His attitude will be generally positive, with social interactions having a better chance of success … a child low in well-being will find it difficult or even impossible to become involved and learning will be reduced dramatically.’ (Garnett, 2018)
Again referencing brain function, Garnett goes on to say that a child who is at the bottom of the Leuven scale:
‘… will effectively be locked into … [a] mode where the thinking brain cannot function properly and judgements will therefore be negatively affected.’
Strategies for improving wellbeing in children
Adapting advice originally focused on adult wellbeing, Garvey suggests practitioners consider deploying five simple everyday actions:
- Be active
- Take notice
- Keep learning
‘We support children and families to connect with us and with each other … being active, taking notice and keeping learning need no further explanation. We also encourage children to “give” … [e.g.] by doing something nice for a friend.’ (Garvey, 2018)
The work of Laevers (2015) offers some more detailed initiatives (summarised in Figure 5 below) ‘that have the potential to bring about an increase in well-being and/or involvement’.
The following amplification of Laevers’ Ten Action Points gives a fuller explanation of the research recommendations – in which ‘one starts where one stands, with the room, the children, the material, the methods and all the limitations linked to the actual situation’.
- Arrange your classroom in a series of appealing corners and/or areas containing exciting toys and a variety of interesting activities.
- Check the contents of these areas regularly with a view to replacing ones which have lost their appeal with some fresh material. Don’t let things get too stale and predictable.
- Introduce new materials and activities which offer an unconventional twist – e.g. items and materials which by their very nature will prompt questioning and discovery.
- Observe children as they explore these areas to find out their interests and preferences – use this information to guide and inform your choice of future material.
- Support ongoing activities by enriching adult interventions – asking questions and making suggestions which will help children to explore the resources in new ways.
- Allow space for the children’s own initiatives, and then support them with appropriate rules and agreements designed to achieve the aims they express.
- Actively seek to develop and improve the emotional climate so that children are able to experience an optimum social atmosphere.
- Use a range of activities designed to help children explore the world of behaviour, feelings and values.
- Identify any children with emotional challenges and design sustainable interventions to address the relevant issues.
- Identify any children with developmental challenges and design sustainable interventions to address the relevant issues. (Based on Laevers, 2015)
Clearly, such a strategy implies that practitioners will need to carefully judge when to intervene, and when to stand back and observe. For Garnett, this means interaction through ‘stimulation, sensitivity and giving autonomy’, which she explains thus:
‘Adults stimulate by suggesting exciting and inspiring activities to children, by offering rich information, thought-provoking questions and shared thinking.
Sensitivity is demonstrated through empathy, understanding the child in full, not in part.
Giving autonomy is established when adults give and respect a child’s initiative … when adults acknowledge children’s interests and let them experiment …’ (Garnett, 2018)
As childcare professionals will understand – and Laevers’ action points also acknowledge – some children will always require more support than others. For settings, this means apportioning and optimising the deployment of initiatives and resources as illustrated in Figure 6 below:
Thus various whole-setting strategies, like the DfES SEAL (Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning) initiative for instance, can be delivered to the community, while smaller groups and individuals receive the targeted care and support according to their needs.
And finally, not every important change to better support wellbeing will necessarily be expensive and time-consuming. For as Garvey points out:
‘… we, as practitioners, often meet the parent at the door to share information on the child’s day. Meanwhile, the child and parent have to wait for their re-connection moment … [Suppose instead] we support the re-connection of the parents and their child first, and then offer the necessary information. This is such a simple, yet highly sensible way of working, and one that is completely free to implement.’ (Garvey, 2018)


This paper examines the dramatic changes to city block morphology that occurred during the 20th century in Detroit, MI, USA. The study area is comprised of four square miles (10.4km2) of downtown Detroit. The paper measures the amount and causes of city block frontage change between the years 1896 and 2002, and finds that 37% of Detroit’s 1896 city block frontage was removed by 2002. Only 50% of the removed frontage was replaced with new frontage. The city block changes indicate a consistent replacement of small blocks and their intervening streets with larger superblocks with few or no cross streets. Almost 50% of city block frontage removal was attributable to slum clearance or ‘urban renewal’ and highway (motorway) construction. Smaller amounts of block reconfiguration were due to large-scale building (megaproject)
construction, street widening, and block consolidation for industrial, institutional, and parking-related uses. The recent city block restructuring resulting from new megaprojects indicates that the further replacement of Detroit’s 19th-century street and block structure by superblocks is likely.


For nearly 60 years the book and armband were kept on the cousins shelf as a reminder of the war years and her deep friendship with the soldier. The family protected this treasure and hopes that the release of the artifacts leads to an increased enlightenment around the world. This discovery provides so many unique lessons for humanity and with an open heart we embark on a journey to share this with the World.
The artifacts were created by two mundane activities, shaving on a brisk Spring morning and last minute office work. Their survival however was thanks to the dramatic events of the final year of World War II. In fact the artifacts mark the end of the last weekend Hitler appeared to the outside World as healthy, exuberant, gregarious and happy. While Hitler sat down to sign an inscribed copy of Mein Kampf, he produced a beautifully relaxed autograph. After sitting back to examine his handiwork one can imagine the radical change in mood as Hitler discovered the bright red blood stain on the inside cover and dustjacket of the book. He quickly tore the cover into thirds and stuffed it inside the book. Either he or his secretary noticed a blood droplet on the white silk face of his Swastika Armband and Hitler removed the armband and put it inside the book. Perhaps he felt or saw the additional blood droplets in the red wool of the band. One can assume they were meant to be destroyed but thanks to Hitler’s military losses, multiple assassination attempts, drug induced paranoia and deteriorating health the items were ignored and remained in the glass enclosed book shelves of the study. Hitler had inadvertently provided us with perfect samples of his DNA with 3 incontestable proofs:
- Position of Blood Stain in inside cover and dust jacket could only be created by the producer of the autograph. Provides Date and Authenticity.
- Position of blood droplets on armband are consistent with a straight razor shaving cut on the left side of the face and position is consistent with the way Hitler wore his armband inside the Berghof.
- The armband is the style only worn by the highest ranking officers of the Nazi Party and the Serial Number on the RZM tag on the armband is #7, which was Hitler’s mythical membership number in the Nazi Party and was used by Hitler throughout the war on all items produced by government factories for official use.
Please let us know what you think and share your stories. Thank you.
Editor, Istoriya Publishing, LLC
© Copyright Istoriya Publishing, LLC All Rights Reserved. No reprints of the information or images without express written permission.


A startup that has successfully engineered bacteria to make common industrial chemicals is now using its technology to engineer organisms to make renewable fuel.
OPX Biotechnologies, based in Boulder, Colorado, says its strains of E. coli can be used to convert sugar to acrylic acid–a key component of paints, diapers, and adhesives–at lower costs than making it from petroleum. The bacteria-based process produces 75 percent fewer carbon-dioxide emissions than making the same amount from oil, and a single commercial plant using the process could reduce petroleum consumption by over 500,000 barrels per year.
The technology has been demonstrated in a pilot plant with a 200-liter fermentation tank, and the company plans to build a 20,000 liter system starting next year. Then it plans to build a commercial plant in 2014 that can produce 100 million pounds of acrylic. So far the company has raised $22.4 million of venture capital. The company is also working on a process that employs bacteria to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen into diesel fuel. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency for Energy (ARPA-E) recently gave the company a $6 million grant to demonstrate the technology in a pilot plant within three years.
The company is one of dozens of startups that have sprung up to make chemicals from plant matter rather than petroleum. It’s something researchers have been trying to do for decades, but only recently have they had any success with commercial-scale production. For example, in 2007, DuPont started commercial production of propanediol (used for plastics and cosmetics) made from corn sugar.
OPX’s approach to engineering strains of microorganisms is faster and cheaper than conventional methods, says CEO Charles Eggert. The company has developed a novel way of generating mutations that lets it track which genes are responsible for performance changes. Rather than hoping that all of the best changes are combined at random in a single strain, which is the case with the conventional approach, the OPX researchers use this detailed information to select genetic changes from a variety of randomly created strains and combine them into one.
Commercializing the technology will be challenging. The company still needs to produce acrylic acid at costs at or below the costs for conventional petroleum-based acrylic acid. Eggert says this is possible based on the performance of OPX’s organisms, but costs are often greater than expected. For one thing, it’s difficult for bio-based approaches to produce a product with the 99.99 percent purity levels that industrial customers require, says Robert Kirschbaum, vice president of open innovation at Netherlands-based DSM, a major producer of chemicals, including acrylic acid. If the chemical is not pure enough, a company must buy expensive purification equipment, which throws off its cost estimates.
For its ARPA-E diesel project, OPX is using its technology to engineer a bacteria, cupriavidus necator, to produce fatty acids to make biodiesel. This could be mixed with petroleum-based diesel for use in vehicles. OPX could use carbon dioxide emitted from power plants and hydrogen from a variety of sources, including natural gas. The goal of the ARPA-E project is to use hydrogen generated from renewable sources, such as water splitting using electricity from solar panels.
This new data poisoning tool lets artists fight back against generative AI
The tool, called Nightshade, messes up training data in ways that could cause serious damage to image-generating AI models.
Rogue superintelligence and merging with machines: Inside the mind of OpenAI’s chief scientist
An exclusive conversation with Ilya Sutskever on his fears for the future of AI and why they’ve made him change the focus of his life’s work.
Data analytics reveal real business value
Sophisticated analytics tools mine insights from data, optimizing operational processes across the enterprise.
Driving companywide efficiencies with AI
Advanced AI and ML capabilities revolutionize how administrative and operations tasks are done.
Get the latest updates from
MIT Technology Review
Discover special offers, top stories, upcoming events, and more.


Saturday, April 8, 2017
The Story Of Medina And The Jews. Not Pretty
BRUTAL Meme Reveals HARD TRUTH About Islam and Refugees
Here’s a short history lesson on Muhammad and his entrance into Islam’s now holy city of Medina as a refugee via Eretz Yisrael:
Although the fact is little publicized, more than one historian has affirmed at the Arab world’s second holiest city, Medina, was one of the allegedly “purely Arab” cities that actually was first settled by Jewish tribes.1
And like the 16th Century English Protestants who financed their endeavors through the plunder of Catholic monasteries in England, the roots of Islamic anti-Semitism might be found in the initial plunder of Jewish settlements, and the imposition of a “poll tax” to fund Arab campaigns.
Bernard Lewis writes:
The city of Medina, some 280 miles north of Mecca, had originally been settled by Jewish tribes from the north, especially the Banu Nadir and Banu Quraiza. The comparative richness of the town attracted an infiltration of pagan Arabs who came at first as clients of the Jews and ultimately succeeded in dominating them. Medina, or, as it was known before Islam, Yathrib, had no form of stable government at all. The town was tom by the feuds of the rival Arab tribes of Aus and Khazraj, with the Jews maintaining an uneasy balance of power. The latter, engaged mainly in agriculture and handicrafts, were economically and culturally superior to the Arabs, and were consequently disliked…. as soon as the Arabs had attained unity through the agency of Muhammad they attacked and ultimately eliminated the Jews.2
In the last half of the fifth century, many Persian Jews fled from persecution to Arabia, swelling the Jewish population there.3 But around the sixth century, Christian writers reported of the continuing importance of the Jewish community that remained in the Holy Land. For the dispersed Arabian Jewish settlers, Tiberias in Judea was central. In the Kingdom of Himyar on the Red Sea’s east coast in Arabia, “conversion to Judaism of influential circles” was popular, and the Kingdom’s rule stretched across “considerable portions of South Arabia.”
The commoners as well as the royal family adopted Judaism, and one writer ports that “Jewish priests (presumably rabbis) from Tiberias … formed part the suite of King Du Noas and served as his envoys in negotiations with Christian cities.”4
According to Guillaume,
At the dawn of Islam the Jews dominated the economic life of the Hijaz [Arabia]. They held all the best land … ; at Medina they must have formed at least half of the population. There was also a Jewish settlement to the north of the Gulf of Aqaba…. What is important is to note that the Jews of the Hijaz made many proselytes [or converts] among the Arab tribesmen.5
The first “Palestinian” or Judean refugees — the Jews — had resettled to become prosperous, influential Arabian settlers.
The prosperity of the Jews was due to their superior knowledge of agriculture and irrigation and their energy and industry. Homeless [Jewish] refugees in the course of a few generations became large landowners in the country, [the refugees who had come to the Hijaz when the Romans conquered Palestine] controllers of its finance and trade…. Thus it can readily be seen that Jewish prosperity was a challenge to the Arabs, particularly the Quraysh at Mecca and … [other Arab tribes] at Medina.
The Prophet Muhammad himself was a member of the Quraysh tribe, which coveted the Jews’ bounty, and
when the Muslims took up arms they treated the Jews with much greater severity than the Christians, who, until the end of the purely Arab Caliphate, were not badly treated.6
One of the reasons for “this discrimination” against the Jews is what Guillaurne called “the Quran’s scornful words” regarding the Jews7 The Jews’ development of land and culture was a prime source of booty in the Arabian desert peninsula. Beginning at the time of the Prophet Muhammad and Islam8from the expulsions, depredations, extortion, forced conversions or murder of Jewish Arabians settled in Medina to the mass slaughter of Jews at Khaibar — the precedent was established among Arab-Muslims to expropriate that which belonged to the Jews. Relations between the Prophet Muhammad and the Jews were “never … easy”:


Canadian Math Worksheets
Welcome to Math-Drills.Ca! Math worksheets in Canada include differences due to Canada's history of British and French rule and the influence of the United States to the South. The main differences that one might encounter include the following.
- Large numbers are formatted with spaces rather than commas between groups of 3. For example, 3 000 000 rather than 3,000,000. Despite the convention, most Canadians would use or at least be familiar with the comma-separated thousands.
- In Quebec and other French-speaking parts of Canada, a comma might be used as a decimal. In English Canada, the period is used.
- Canada has used the Metric system since the 1970's, so units will often be Metric units. The Imperial system is still used in some cases, especially among older generations.
- Canada uses its own currency, so math worksheets for money would include Canadian denominations. In Canada, the penny is no longer used, so the smallest coin is the nickel or 5 cents. There are also 10 cent, 25 cent, 1 dollar and 2 dollar coins. 50 cent coins exist but aren't commonly used. Canadian notes come in denominations of $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. $1000 notes exist but are no longer made.
The best place to find Canadian Math Worksheets is at Math-Drills.com or its French sister site below.
Cherchez-vous des fiches d'exercices pour les maths?
If you are looking for duotangs, toques, or poutine, you may want to keep looking.


This Parish Summary is an overview of the large amount of information held for the parish, and only selected examples of sites and finds in each period are given. It has been beyond the scope of the project to carry out detailed research into the historical background, documents, maps or other sources, but we hope that the Parish Summaries will encourage users to refer to the detailed records, and to consult the bibliographical sources referred to below. Feedback and any corrections are welcomed by email to email@example.com
Old Catton is just north of Norwich now effectively joined to the city by the growth of suburbia around it. It is squeezed between the city parishes of Catton and Sprowston and is part of the Broadland district. The settlement has only recently been joined to the city and has Saxon origins – it is recorded in the Domesday Book and its name derives from the old English for ‘farmstead of Catta or Kati’. Catta or Kati may be a nickname because directly translated it means wildcat. At least some of the parish still retains open space – Old Catton Hall and Park are in the south of the parish whilst the north part is still under agriculture. Nevertheless the archaeological record is mostly made up of casual finds in people’s gardens and historical buildings rather than large-scale monuments identified from aerial photographs or extensive fieldwalking and metal detecting.
The earliest evidence of human activity is casual finds of prehistoric flints. The earliest of these is a Palaeolithic axehead (NHER 17946). There appears to be a dense scatter of Neolithic flint at the south end of Spixworth Road where several Neolithic worked flints (NHER 13421, 15033 and 20733) have been found in gardens including a fine translucent flint leaf arrowhead (NHER 20732). Nearby by in Catton Park a Neolithic or Bronze Age awl (NHER 33113) was discovered and a Bronze Age urn (NHER 8119) was dug up in the 1920s. Iron Age pottery (NHER 16758) has also been found in the park. Similar types of Roman finds have been made – metal detecting has recovered a Roman coin (NHER 24898), a small scatter of Roman metal objects (NHER 28861) and a Roman cosmetic mortar (NHER 41110). Roman pottery (NHER 11796) has also been found. None of these scatters are large enough to suggest occupation anywhere in the parish although there was Roman activity in the area.
A similar story can be told with the Saxon finds. An Early Saxon buckle (NHER 28861) and a Late Saxon hooked tag (NHER 41110) and Late Saxon strap fitting (NHER 24898) demonstrate activity in the area over this period but no sites can be identified. A lead model of a Late Saxon box mount (NHER 29738) suggests metalworking may have been going on nearby. It isn’t until the medieval period that we can begin to identify sites and buildings. The parish church of St Margaret’s (NHER 8132) has a Late Saxon or Norman round tower and there are several other Norman features. The remainder of the building was constructed in the 14th and 15th centuries. Nearby Manor House (NHER 8130) is a 16th century building but probably stands on the site of an earlier medieval manor or grange. The clay pits (NHER 8122) to the east of the church started to fill up in this period. The scatters of medieval pottery (NHER 11796, 16758 and 20733) found in gardens across the parish suggest that much of the land was under agriculture at this time. The pottery got spread around as the land was manured.
The Old Hall, Old Catton, a house that was built in 1632. (© NCC)
There are many building surviving from the post medieval period including Catton Hall (NHER 8131
) and its landscaped park (NHER 30435
). Old Hall (NHER 8129
), Manor House (NHER 8130
) and the Orangery (NHER 12515
) that is now used as the village hall all have post medieval origins. Again a small scatter of post medieval finds (NHER 11796
) from surrounding gardens suggests the settlement around the church was still relatively small.
Several World War Two archaeological features can be identified that were part of Norwich’s defence system. In Catton Park an anti-glider trench was dug (NHER 40841) and a spigot mortar base and associated tank trap (NHER 32541) and an anti-aircraft battery (NHER 16715) were set up nearby. Two World War Two aircraft crash sites (NHER 40842 and NHER 40843) have been recorded on the northern edge of Catton Park.
Megan Dennis (NLA), 14th September 2005.
Brown, P. (ed.), 1984. Domesday Book, 33 Norfolk, Part I and Part II (Chichester, Philimore)
Mills, A. D., 1998. Dictionary of English Place Names (Oxford, Oxford University Press)
Rye, J., 2000. A Popular Guide to Norfolk Place-names (Dereham, The Larks Press)
Unknown, unknown. ‘Old Catton, Norwich, Norfolk, UK – community and parish website’. Available:
http://www.oldcatton.com/. Accessed: 8 February 2006.


1.35 The effects of emissions of ozone-depleting substances do not respect geographical or judicial boundaries. Foreign emissions influence the ozone layer over Canada in the same way as domestic emissions. Solutions require international cooperation and action at the global level. 1.16 Because international environmental agreements reflect the federal government`s important environmental policy, Canadians should know what they have and have not achieved. In line with the federal agenda and commitments, we are committed to examining responsibility for the results of certain international environmental agreements. A treaty is a formal and explicit written agreement by which states are legally united.  A treaty is an official document that expresses that agreement in terms of words; It is also the objective result of a ceremonial occasion that recognizes the parties and their defined relationships. The publication of a contract does not require academic accreditation or interprofessional contextual knowledge. According to the preamble to the Treaty Act, treaties are a source of international law. In the event of a conviction of an act or the absence of an act under international law, the act will not take on international legality, even if it is authorized by domestic law.
 This means that in the event of a conflict with domestic law, international law always takes precedence.  1.18 Despite the designation of a lead division for any international environmental agreement, there are no common mechanisms to formally define and delegate the responsibilities of lead departments. The nature of the lead division`s role is normally based on the mandate of the department and the related responsibilities of the Minister. Federal Cabinet documents authorizing the negotiation and ratification of agreements (for example. B memoranda to cabinet and records of decisions) can also identify the lead department and, to some extent, describe its role. However, by law, ministerial records are not accessible to the public or members of Parliament and are therefore not sufficiently transparent for accountability purposes. 1.4 Setting clear and quantifiable expectations for results, and then measuring results against those expectations, can be a major challenge in managing complex environmental issues. Nevertheless, our study of five international environmental agreements shows that 1.63 The agreement. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) aims to eliminate deliberate pollution of the marine environment from the operation of ships and to minimize accidental discharges of pollutants.
In six annexes, MARPOL deals with pollution by oil, chemicals, packaged goods, waste, wastewater and air emissions. . . .


Northern Redbelly Snake
Scientific name: Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata (STORER 1839)
* Currently accepted name
* scientific names used through time
- Coluber occipito-maculatus – STORER 1839
- Coluber venustus – HALLOWELL 1848
- Storeria occipito-maculata – BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
- Ischnognathus occipitomaculatus – GÜNTHER 1858
- Storeria occipitomaculata – STEJNEGER & BARBOUR 1939
- Storeria occipito-maculata occipito-maculata – TRAPIDO 1944
- Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata – CONANT 1958
Description: Average adult size is 8-16 inches (20.3- 40.6 cm). Adults are small, thin, and grayish-brown to black. Top of head not black. Faint striping down the back varies from one broad stripe, to 4 or 5 narrow stripes. There are three light spots on the back of neck. There is a white spot under the eye on the scales of the upper lip. The belly normally is red, but may also be orange or yellow. The scales are keeled and there are 15 dorsal scale rows at midbody. The pupil is round. Juveniles are grayish with a light band across back of neck.
A. Top of the head
B. Underside of the head (chin and throat)
C. Front (face view) of the head
D. Side of the head
E. Keeled scales
F. Elongated scales below the tail (subcaudal scales) are typically divided
Range: In Florida, the Northern Redbelly Snake occurs throughout the panhandle. Outside of Florida, it is found from central Georgia west to eastern Texas and north to Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan, Canada.
Habitat: Moist woodlands on hilly slopes and mountains.
Comments: HARMLESS (Non-Venomous). It feeds on small slugs, insects, and earthworms. It is live-bearing. Up to 23 young, 2.5-4 inches (6.3-10.1 cm) in length, are born from June-September.
Comparison with other species: The Marsh Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi limnetes) has a light band across the back of neck (not head). The Midland Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi wrightorum) has a dark spot under the eye, a light band across the back of neck (not head), and may have dark lines across the back connecting the black spots along the mid–dorsal stripe. The Florida Brown Snake (Storeria victa) has a dark spot under the eye, and a light band across the back of neck (not head). The Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus) is solid grayish-black, with a complete neck ring and black spotted yellow-orange belly.


Guest Author - Inci Yilmazli
Last weekend I invited my 5-year old Chinese student and her mom to the Chinese Culture Center for Tea Ceremony. I think that one should try to learn the culture as much as possible while learning the language because they are inseparable.
We gathered in the ceremony room where the performer was already getting prepared for the ceremony. She was preparing the teaware she was going to use. There were four porcelain teacups, a clay pot and the tea leaves. She had such a calm and peaceful expression in her face and in her movements which effected us right away. She was wearing a red traditional costume. She welcomed us as we entered the room and continued her preparations. Then, she started to tell about the ceremony and its place in the culture.
“Respect is an important part of Chinese culture and one way to show respect is serving tea. Young people are supposed to serve tea for their elders as a sign of respect. Serving tea is also the way to apologize and show your regret and submission. Tea ceremony is performed in the weddings, as well. Bride and groom kneel in front of their parents and serve them tea to thank them.”
She started to boil the water as we were thinking what she told us. While waiting for the water to boil, she placed the leaves in the pot and continued explaining the philosophy of the ceremony. “Tea ceremony reflects the importance of growth of tea in Chinese culture. In the beginning, it was cultivated and used as herbal medicine. Monks used tea to teach respect, humility, and peace. The spirit of Chinese Tea Ceremony is described as peace (he), quiet (jing), enjoyment (yi) and truth (zhen). The ceremony includes a mixture of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in itself.”
When the water was ready, she added the boiling water in the pot and let the tea brewed for a while. The brewing time varies depending on the kind of tea. When we asked her how many kinds of tea there were, she started counting, red tea, flower tea, black tea, white tea, yellow tea, green tea and so on. Of course she didn’t count them all. There is a Chinese saying about that, “You can study tea all of your life and still not learn the names of all the teas.”
After the tea is brewed, she poured it into teacups which are placed in a holder made from wood or bamboo and then she served it. She was so nice, gentle, calm, peaceful and smiling during the ceremony. We could tell that she enjoyed performing the ceremony and serving us tea at least as much as we enjoyed it.
She continued telling about the history while we were enjoying our tea. “The first written accounts of tea ceremonies were in Tang Dynasty, more than 1200 years ago. Tea serving was called ‘cha dao’ meaning ‘the way of tea’. During this period, travelling Japanese monks learned tea and its culture and brought it to Japan. That’s how the tea ceremony evolved in Japan. It’s still called cha dao in this culture. But, a new term was needed to distinguish the differences in both cultures so, a Taiwanese tea master Lu Zi Kuang used the term 'cha yi' which means ‘art of tea’ in 1970 and it’s still in use.”
From what we learned during the ceremony, there are six major aspects to be considered in performing the ceremony. Attitude of the performer should be calm and relaxed in order to create a peaceful tea ceremony. Tea selection is an important step. Tea should be selected based on the fragrance, shape and taste and should have a beautiful name as well as a story. Water should be pure and clean to ensure a wonderful taste. While choosing the teaware, the criteria of being useful and beautiful should be considered. The ceremony should be performed in a peaceful, calm, clean and quiet room. Basic skills to perform the ceremony is important along with the hand movements, facial expressions and clothing.
The next time you pour yourself a cup of tea, remember this Chinese saying, “If you are cold, tea will warm you. If you are too heated, it will cool you. If you are depressed, it will cheer you. If you are excited, it will calm you.”


Andrea Uličná won second prize in the 365 Scholarship competition. Her essay stood out from the rest with its original structure, intriguing points, and a rich variety of real-life arguments. Andrea is a student at the Lutheran High School Tisovec, Slovakia and we wish her great success in her studies.
We believe you'll enjoy her piece as much as we did.
*Formatting and images added by the 365 team
The illusion of choice: Is the recommendation algorithm taking away your free will?
Disclaimer: This essay was written based on the research done by searching tools using recommendation algorithms.
Searched term: recommendation algorithm
Some people for sure know what a recommendation algorithm is. Yet, others might think that it is a magic formula from Harry Potter. So let’s set it straight and ask our friend Google.
A recommendation algorithm ”also known as a recommender system, is software that analyzes available data to make suggestions for something that a website user might be interested in, such as a book, a video or a job, among other possibilities.” (WhatIs.com, 2019) A recommendation algorithm is, therefore, a tool able to browse accessible data and according to a user’s preferences adjust the results to match them with user’s interests.
Searched term: history of recommendation algorithms
Though being associated mainly with e-commerce sites, such as Amazon or Netflix, Recommender systems powered by algorithms were born before these companies. To be exact, in 1992. The very first recommender system was called Tapestry. It was developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and what an innovation it was! Allowing people overwhelmed with hundreds of thousands of documents sent via email to define their own personal filter for those they actually want to receive. In addition to this function, Tapestry could as well handle collaborative filtering, meaning that “people collaborated to help people perform filtering by recording their reactions to the documents they read.” (Goldberg et al., 2019) Later on, GroupLens extended the basic idea brought about by the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and set the basis for further development. GroupLens developers adapted recommender systems to filter within larger sets of information. (Goldberg et al., 2019)
Searched term: the present use of recommendation algorithms
Nowadays, almost every company, which wants to be competitive enough has its own recommendation algorithm incorporated into their websites. Take the example of Airbnb, Netflix, Amazon, Instagram or Facebook. Each one suggesting the best places or products. The same applies to smaller companies which are dominant in one specific region, like book or property selling sites within a country.
Having discussed the term recommendation algorithm, the history of the system as well as its role in today’s society, it is clear what algorithms are, where they are from and what do we use them for. Most probably, an average person would be satisfied and have already marked the task of “understanding recommendation algorithms” as done on his to-do-list. On the other hand, the person with a curious nature driven by the awareness that there is always something new to learn continues reading, being eager to find our more interesting facts which are yet to come.
Searched term: effects of recommendation algorithms on our lives
Getting done more in a shorter time
Since the original purpose of the recommendation algorithms was to solve the work-related problem, the invention benefited both, the employer and also employees. Employees are no more getting lost in the endless lists of emails, invoices, products or any other type of data used within companies. At the same, employers enjoy higher productivity from people working for them, more often than not resulting in better customer service leading to higher profits. And the virtuous circle goes on, bringing more money to be distributed among the staff. (Goldberg et al., 2019)
Case study: Getting the results you do not except but need (personal experience)
I have a personal experience of recommendation algorithm benefiting my life and future career. Back then, I did not really know how they worked, yet, I got results I did not except but very much needed.
Back in the summer of 2018, I was looking for a summer internship. Having been a part of an educational program, in which we established a school company with my classmates, the previous academic year, I wanted to do something business related. Any guesses what a high school student do if he or she wants to get a summer internship? Hits the Google search. It is just as natural as breathing.
Mainly thanks to that search I am now working on my own business idea dedicated to children self-development. But how did I get to start something like that?
As I was a proactive student in all sorts of extracurricular activities throughout primary and also secondary school, the systems behind algorithms knew that I had been searching business competitions for high school student, workshops focused on presentational or communicational skills or calls for Slovak participants in European projects before this internship search. That is why my results included also a call for participants in a mentoring program devoted to the development of business ideas. I did not really hesitate to join that mentoring program and today I could proudly say that my idea has developed into quite a successful project.
Would you expect a recommendation algorithm to give you such a boost towards your future career? I definitely would not. But I am not the only one to experience a success story like this. My friend got the opportunity to travel to Mexico for a week-long JA Global Youth Forum about leadership, as she was searching for a summer opportunity abroad and saw an application page in her results, once again produced by the recommendation algorithm.
Based on these two stories and many more presented in relevant online media, I think that in some cases recommendation algorithms are able to use collected data about a person in a way that provides information that could change one’s life for the better.
Searched term: effects of recommendation algorithms on our lives
Switch from the original purpose
However, with the improvements in recommendation algorithms, the power of these systems has reached a new level. Being present almost everywhere, they affect and change far broader aspects of life.
Trapped in a filter bubble
A filter bubble is defined as „a state of intellectual isolation that allegedly can result from personalized searches when a website algorithm selectively guesses what information a user would like to see based on information about the user, such as location, past click-behavior and search history.” (Wikipedia, 2019) Basically, recommendation algorithms create a bubble for each and every user looking up information, which presents the cultural as well as ideological viewpoints and beliefs of the user. This is done by the information the user provides the algorithm with.
Case study: Are we losing the ability to think critically enough?
Though filter bubbles have certain advantages, in my opinion, there is more to fear and praise. Let’s take the recent presidential election in Slovakia as an example.
According to research done by a platform Youth Council of Slovakia, which represents all of the youth clubs and non-governmental organizations in Slovakia, 45% of young Slovaks got information about presidential election form social media on daily basis, while 51% of them occasionally. (Rada mládeže Slovenska, 2019)
The presidential campaign on social media prior election was quite massive. Therefore, the majority of the young people were a part of the target group politicians were trying to address. And this is when recommendation algorithms showed their power. Most of the young people had already had a profile or two on social media, and so algorithms used to filter posts already knew what the certain user sympathize with.
What was the result? If you previously followed and liked the posts of a candidate representing one point of view, it was very unlikely that you would see a post from a candidate with different opinions. (Rada mládeže Slovenska, 2019)
Some people argued that there is nothing wrong with having your social feed full of the posts of the side you are most likely to vote for. But does not that mean that you do not get the opportunity to truly evaluate the best possible candidate? Whilst it might be true that you previously liked the ideas of another candidate or political party, your opinion might have changed based on the different circumstances which life brings. Therefore one’s ability to think critically gets weakened.
A quite easy way how to get the proper information is to look for them in more relevant sources than social media. Yet, most of the people do not get out of their comfort zone to question things which appear in their social feed, as they presume them as an only option available. Thought the impact recommendation algorithms might have on the result of presidential or any other election is still being discussed, the doubt whether or not could be this tool used to support propaganda-like filter bubbles is there as well.
The political election is only one example of the possible threats of the recommendation algorithms for our freedom of choice and autonomy. Very recently, there was a book promoting false theory about Republicans and Democrats in the USA being featured in the top selling books on Amazon. Amazon declined to answer any questions about the book’s position in page’s lists, but the majority of trustworthy media, including NBC News, do agree that the book contains false information. (Collins, 2019)
As the position of books on Amazon is generated algorithmically, this case once again shows the negative outcomes of using recommendation algorithms.
Searched term: all aspects of recommendation algorithms
All in all, living in the modern area when we are able to access any information from any place, it is upon us to ensure we truly have the rights we proclaim to have, without enabling technology (developed by ourselves) to take it away from us at any time and in any way. Therefore, I believe it is important to be aware of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and also threats of recommendation systems. Following four paragraphs sum up the content of the essay discussed above.
Originally, the idea of a tool for filtering huge amounts of data was inspired by a problem experienced by many people. Tapestry was born in order to save time, in other words, to make work more effective. Therefore the predominant strength and advantage of recommendation algorithms is the effectiveness it brings. Moreover, algorithms have been and are boosting changes in the IT sector. So, their abilities will always be needed in the technical fields aspiring advancements. (Maruti Techlabs, 2019)
Like nothing, recommendation algorithms are not perfect. The performance of the recommendation algorithms depends on the available data. It would not be able to suggest people anything relevant without enough data about them, their hobbies and interests. Moreover, we would not be people if we did not change our mind on an everyday basis. This is something recommendation algorithms simply cannot handle. In this case, they lack the most important characteristic natural to humans – the ability to think critically. Therefore, changing one’s mind confuses them, letting them unable to provide a relevant result of a search. (Lam, Frankowski and Riedl, 2019)
By many, recommendation algorithms are seen as an irreplaceable ingredient for business to be successful in the future. Once computers improved enough to be able to run more complex algorithms, two fields – Machine Learning and Deep Learning started flourishing. What is more, these actions allowed Artificial Intelligence to come at the scene and literally change the whole game of business success. Hence, recommendation algorithms will for sure play a huge role in the world of future business. (Ismail, 2019)
The fact that disadvantage recommendation algorithms is that these systems are overexposed to security threats. It does not matter whether it is an interest of companies running them or of the competition. They are very likely to be the victims of a security breach, making them, once again, irrelevant or even dangerous for people. (Lam, Frankowski and Riedl, 2019)
Collins, B. (2019). On Amazon, a Qanon conspiracy book climbs the charts — with an algorithmic push. [online] NBC News. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/amazon-qanon-conspiracy-book-climbs-charts-algorithmic-push-n979181 [Accessed 28 Apr. 2019].
Goldberg, D., Nichols, D., Oki, B. and Terry, D. (2019). [PDF] Using collaborative filtering to weave an information tapestry | Scinapse | Academic search engine for paper. [online] Scinapse. Available at: https://scinapse.io/papers/1966553486 [Accessed 28 Apr. 2019].
Ismail, S. (2019). Why Algorithms Are The Future Of Business Success. [online] Blog.growthinstitute.com. Available at: https://blog.growthinstitute.com/exo/algorithms [Accessed 28 Apr. 2019].
Lam, S., Frankowski, D. and Riedl, J. (2019). Do You Trust Your Recommendations? An Exploration of Security and Privacy Issues in Recommender Systems. [online] springer.com. Available at: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11766155_2 [Accessed 28 Apr. 2019].
Maruti Techlabs (2019). How do Recommendation Engines work? And What are the Benefits?. [online] Maruti Techlabs. Available at: https://www.marutitech.com/recommendation-engine-benefits/ [Accessed 28 Apr. 2019].
Rada mládeže Slovenska (2019). Mladých vo voľbách ovplyvnil prevažne internet. [online] mladez.sk. Available at: https://mladez.sk/2019/04/01/mladych-vo-volbach-ovplyvnil-prevazne-internet/ [Accessed 28 Apr. 2019].
WhatIs.com. (2019). What is recommendation engine? - Definition from WhatIs.com. [online] Available at: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/recommendation-engine [Accessed 28 Apr. 2019]. Wikipedia (2019).
Filter bubble. [online] En.wikipedia.org. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_bubble [Accessed 28 Apr. 2019].


BRILLIANT. BOLD. EFFECTIVE.
Colorado and Denver Traffic Law Authority
In Colorado, traffic laws are usually governed by municipal codes, that is, laws that are specific to the city or town that the traffic ticket was received in. There are over 271 incorporated municipalities in Colorado, each with their own ability to regulate traffic violations in their specific jurisdiction. Municipalities are delegated the authority to regulate traffic within its jurisdiction by the laws of the state of Colorado and Article V, Section 1, Clause 9 of the Colorado Constitution. Despite there being over 271 different municipalities with each being able to establish their own traffic code, many municipalities simply adopt the Model Traffic Code for Colorado, a suggested standardized traffic code authored by the Colorado Department of Transportation that municipalities may adopt at their own discretion. The Model Traffic Code covers both traffic infractions and violations and regulates a broad scope of traffic related areas. Some examples of areas the Model Traffic Code regulates include size, weight, and load of vehicles; traffic control signals; rights-of way; speed regulations; and penalties for violating the code. Broadly speaking, if one receives a traffic ticket, it will likely be for a violation of the Model Traffic Code.
The Colorado state legislature has also codified traffic regulation laws in the Colorado Revised Statutes (“C.R.S.”) § 42-4-101, et seq. These codified laws mirror the Model Traffic Code and were adopted to promote uniformity for traffic regulations between municipalities.


By Eric Pfeiffer – Jun 11, 2020 Previous article19 Compete for Indiana State FFA OfficeNext articleHow Indiana Worked its Way Through Recent Meat Supply Chain Challenge Eric Pfeiffer Audio Playerhttps://www.hoosieragtoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/HAT-Soil-Health-Pod-061120.mp300:0000:0000:00Use Up/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.On this specialty crops edition of the HAT Soil Health Podcast presented by the Conservation Cropping Systems Initiative, we discuss how watermelons, pumpkins and many other cucurbit crops rely on pollinators to move pollen from male to female flowers in order to get fruit set and ultimately yield of watermelon, pumpkins or whatever the crop.Pollinators are often honeybees or bumblebees brought in to the field for that purpose, but pollination is also done by some of the native bees that live in our fields. The insecticides and fungicides that are used to manage pest insects and diseases in the and other crops can be harmful to pollinators and other beneficial insects.Neonicotinoid insecticides in particular have received a lot of attention recently because of their widespread use. A multi-state research project on the effects of neonics in cucurbits is nearing its end and researchers from Purdue, Ohio and Michigan State have learned a lot about pollinators in cucurbit fields, how they are affected by neonics, and how growers can manage important pests like the striped cucumber beetle while minimizing harm to the pollinators and other beneficials.Other work at Purdue has identified how drift from field applications can affect pollinators that feed or live around the edges of fields. Entomologists involved with the research, Professors Elizabeth Long and Laura Ingwell, and the farm manager at the Southwest Purdue Ag Center Dennis Nowaskie will share what they have learned about protecting pollinators and other beneficials in cucurbits while keeping the crop healthy and preventing yield loss from insect pests.Audio Playerhttps://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.hoosieragtoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/HAT-Soil-Health-Pod-061120.mp300:0000:0000:00Use Up/Down Arrow keys to increase or decrease volume.Podcast (wirepodcastshat-rss): Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: RSS Home HAT Soil Health Podcast The HAT Soil Health Podcast- Pollinators and Other Beneficial Insects for Specialty… Facebook Twitter SHARE SHARE Facebook Twitter The HAT Soil Health Podcast- Pollinators and Other Beneficial Insects for Specialty Crops
Previous Article Next Article Related posts:No related photos. This award is aimed at HR teams which can demonstrate they have achievedgenuine business partner status within their organisations. Entries should explainthe business strategy and the contribution of HR to meeting objectives. Thejudge will look at the HR team’s own strategy, how this was devised andimplemented, the involvement of senior staff and what results have so far beenachieved. Entries should explain how HR has measured the benefits and how theteam identified priorities.Category JudgeProfessor Roger Gill is a visiting professor at the University ofStrathclyde’s Graduate School of Business. He is an expert in HR management andorganisational behaviour, having researched and taught these subjects atuniversities for many years. Gill has provided management consultancy to morethan 300 organisations worldwide, and cites being a fellow of the CIPD amonghis list of achievements. [email protected] the company Nestlé UK, part of food manufacturer Nestlé SA, employs around 8,000 staffin 13 locations, and produces 230 brands, including Nescafe and KitKat The challenge To provide an employee-centred, cost efficient HR service to make the companymore competitive in recruiting, retaining and developing staff What the company did – Overall review of HR structure – Internal investigation into HR function – Restructured the HR function to align with the company’s strategy – Split HR into six specialised areas from the individual service units Benefits and achievements – Nine out of 10 recruitment offer-to-hire rate – High employee satisfaction rate – Union partnership agreed – Flexible working introduced in factories – Reduced HR costs by £1m a year – HR intranet now single source of staff information Professor Roger Gill says: “Outstanding in innovation,achievement and teamwork in its development and contribution to the business.The HR strategy of Nestlé’s new @HR function is impressively aligned with thecompany’s business strategies. It has a clear vision and mission deliveredthrough key functions with agreed service levels and performance measures, andit has the unqualified endorsement of the chairman of the company.” The teamNo. in HR team 5 in steering group; 165 in HR team, including OHStaff responsible for 8,000Roger Cordier HR director of Nestle UKDennise Corfield Head of HR servicesDavid Harvey HR director of Nestle UK’s food and beverage unit Jean Gentry HR director of confessionary businessNigel Holt HR rewards and policy managerAdrian Hillier HR process development project managerFionna Alcorn Head of recruitmentTelford & Wrekin CouncilFlexible managementAbout the company The authority was formed in 1998 from Shropshire and Wrekin Council. Itemploys around 5,000 staff (including a teaching workforce) serving 154,000residents The challenge To introduce flexible management into the council What the company did – New employment conditions to support extended opening hours – Introduced flexible working including home and term-time working andflexi-time system – Outsourcing environmental maintenance while protecting conditions – HR restructure to have a representative working in each department – Updated HR information on intranet – Set up supply teachers agency for primary schools Benefits and achievements – Managerial survey shows high level of satisfaction and strategicinvolvement – Average sickness absence reduced by four days – A 50 per cent reduction in workplace accidents – Increased diversity with 40 per cent of top three management tiers nowwomen and 80 per cent female staff Professor Roger Gill says: “Telford & Wrekin Council setsthe standard in its HR strategy that most other councils probably only aspireto. Demonstrating outstanding innovation and achievement, HR strategy isclosely aligned with council priorities. It is also based on an excellentenvironmental analysis, shaped in collaboration with top management andconsultation with staff, and supported by a clear business plan.” The teamNo. in team 5 in project; 60 in HR, including training Staff responsible for 5,000Robert Cragg Head of personnel anddevelopmentJohn Harris Personnel managerMarie Whitefoot Learning and development managerJo Revell Health and safety managerMark Freathy Personnel manager for education and cultureSteve Newell Principle personnel officerSue Croughan Personnel officerClaire Hyde Senior personnel assistantBritish WaterwaysPeople Strategy teamAbout the company British Waterways is a public corporation that manages more than 2,000 milesof canals and navigable rivers. It employs more than 2,200 staff, includingarchitects, environmentalists and civil engineers, based at more than 50locations along the 200 year-old network. The challenge To improve the productivity and revenue of a company that evolved fromproviding maintenance to driving urban regeneration What the company did – Introduced performance management process – Performance appraisals and training and development initiatives – Management development programme – Harmonised employees terms and conditions Benefits and achievements – Doubled turnover of the business to more than £200m a year in five years – Productivity per employee increased by 178 per cent in five years – Staff turnover reduced to 8 per cent – Improvements in job satisfaction, loyalty and motivation – Reduction in absenteeism Professor Roger Gill says: “British Waterways’ HR strategy (knownas its ‘People Strategy’) shows outstanding innovation, achievement andcontribution to the business as a corporate champion in these areas. PeopleStrategy clearly supports the pursuit of the vision for its culture, and it hasreceived strong endorsements from senior executives in the company as well asstaff.” The teamNo. in team 4; 20 in HR, including pensions and payrollStaff responsible for 2,200Vince Morgan Personnel directorSally Charman Personnel manager (south)Andrew Johnson Personnel manager (north)Ken Adams Training and development managerThe sponsorRebusHR is one of the UK’s leading HR outsourcing firms providing strategicHR, payroll and employee information systems. It has been dedicated to helpingHR professionals manage their functionto deliver bottom line business benefits for more than 30 years. RebusHR canoffer in-house systems, managed services, application hosting, personnelservices, ASP and outsourcing solutions for firms of all sizes. Comments are closed. RebusHR Award for Best HR Strategy in Line with BusinessOn 8 Oct 2002 in Personnel Today
Sign up for our COVID-19 newsletter to stay up-to-date on the latest coronavirus news throughout New York Early this month, Betty Rosa, New York State’s new education chancellor, was on Long Island to visit Medford Elementary School, where she met with students, teachers and staff. Children in the dual language kindergarten program easily conversed with her in both English and Spanish.As the highest ranking member of the state’s Board of Regents and the state’s education czar, the teachers and the superintendent regarded Rosa with respect. After all, she is the boss, with a capital B. But the kids took to her with the natural curiosity and comfort of childhood that essentially said, “She’s one of us.” She spoke their language. Literally.The friendly scene was in stark contrast to the heated battle pitting the governor, the teachers unions and grassroots public school advocacy groups against one another. The struggle came to a head during this spring’s testing season, culminating in a giant win for Long Island Opt-Out, a parent-led group that organized an historic number of test-refusals this year with almost 100,000 students—more than half of the student population in Nassau and Suffolk counties—opting out of state tests. Their message has been effective: No more Common Core. Despite incremental fixes promised by Gov. Andrew Cuomo and his so-called “Common Core Task Force,” they are still demanding concrete changes.Yet, it remains to be seen how this evolving protest movement will improve or replace the current education agenda.According to local public education advocates, the answer is multi-tiered. It includes elections: first at the state level and then at the local school board in an effort to tackle education policy from all sides. The goal is a shift away from schools’ increasing test-prep focus almost exclusively on math and reading skills—eschewing the arts and play-based learning—to a comprehensive curriculum that addresses what some advocates call the “whole child.”“I think we need to emphasize the issue of high-stakes testing,” Rosa told the Press at a lunch in the school’s conference room with staff and other attendees. “I think we have to get back to what really matters, which is teaching and learning—deep learning—and our kids’ excitement to really become those deep learners. We have to change the narrative back to focus on teaching and learning, and less on one Kodak moment to capture all of that work. Believe me, parents know that those children are assessed constantly. The issue is having multiple ways to measure achievement.”Rosa had spoken out against high-stakes testing at a press conference in March after the Board of Regents had selected her to the leadership post. She said that if she were not a board member herself and her children were elementary-school aged, she would opt them out of taking New York’s Common Core tests. On May 3, at the elementary school in Patchogue, she told the Press that she doesn’t believe the state should have the right to withhold funds from school districts with significant numbers of students who had refused to take state tests in April.“Parents legally have a choice,” she said. “Given that choice, you cannot then legally punish school districts and schools for decisions that parents have made. So my goal is to make sure that we get to a better place where we don’t even have to have these discussions because it gets back to teaching and learning.”Dr. Betty Rosa, New York State’s new education chancellor, visiting with Long Island elementary school students in early May. (Jaime Franchi/Long Island Press)But no sweeping changes can be made to a school’s education policy without the support of the local district’s board of education. Perhaps no one understands this better than Jeanette Deutermann, founder of Long Island Opt-Out Info, the popular Facebook page with more than 24,000 members that transformed into a robust-and powerful advocacy group. Deutermann told the Press that the election of nearly 100 Opt-Out members to local school boards, coupled with a new Regents chancellor, means that the tide is turning.“The bottom line is that some of these big wins could mean huge, sweeping changes for some districts,” she told the Press. “Education is shifting in New York. It’s up to parents to elect the right board of education that’s moving with this philosophical shift of how we want to educate our children. It all goes back to something that Dr. Joe Rella [superintendent of Comsewogue schools] said: ‘You get the Board of Ed you deserve.’“Parents are taking that seriously,” Deutermann continued. “This shift in philosophy is happening fast. We can’t wait 10 years if we want our children to experience this change.”A key part of Long Island Opt Out’s strategy for the last two years has been to promote local supporters to their individual district’s school boards. So far, Long Island Opt Out has helped elect 94 candidates; 34 out of 57 this year, including local advocates Anthony Griffin and Sara Wottawa, who were elected on May 17 to their respective school boards.“We have to change the narrative back to focus on teaching and learning, and less on one Kodak moment to capture all of that work.”Griffin, an English teacher in Central Islip and co-founder of Lace to the Top, an advocacy group that promoted bright green laces to signify that “children are more than test scores,” was an LIOO-backed candidate who won a seat on the South Country school board. He’s hoping to influence his children’s public education experience from the local level.“Changes in public education happen because of people,” Griffin told the Press in an email. “Some people want change to increase profits. Some want change to impose a belief. I want change to help students. As a board member in a student-centered district, I have an amazing opportunity to manifest those changes.”Griffin is “thrilled to have the opportunity to bring what I have learned to my district’s board. Local control doesn’t exist without locally involved people.”Wottawa is an outspoken parent in the Sachem School District. She joins two other LI Opt Out-endorsed board of education members who were elected last year to serve on the nine-member board.“I’m hoping the three of us can work together to enforce change in the district,” Wottawa told the Press. “I would like to see Sachem take a more holistic approach in educating our children. I would like to see us move towards educating the whole child in Sachem. Most importantly, I would like to propel a unity in the Sachem community. Without the support of the majority of the community, positive change is nearly impossible.”Though she’s in the minority on the school board, Wottawa is upbeat.“Once we have more vocal public education supporters on our local school boards across the state,” she said, “I think we will see more positive changes.”The special April 19 election of Assemb. Todd Kaminsky (D-Long Beach) to the State Senate to replace disgraced former GOP Senate majority leader Dean Skelos is seen as a key step in a populist-driven shift in the state’s education agenda, according to Diane Ravitch, a research professor of education at New York University and a former assistant Secretary of Education in Washington, D.C. under President George H.W. Bush. During the Clinton administration she was appointed to the National Assessment Governing Board, which oversees the federal testing program.“Kaminsky’s victory is a victory for the leaders of the Long Island opt-out movement, who strongly supported his candidacy and the legislation he proposed as a member of the Assembly,” wrote Ravitch on her popular blog. “Kaminsky wants to decouple test scores from teacher evaluation, which would reduce the absurd pressure to raise test scores and the time lost by the arts and other subjects. Parents want their children to have a well-rounded education, not a test-prep curriculum.”Kaminsky drew wide support from New York public school advocates after he sponsored three bills in the Assembly in February that would repeal several components of Cuomo’s Education Transformation Act. The bill would decouple teacher evaluations from test results, create an alternative pathway for graduation for students who do not wish to take or are unable to pass Regents examinations and repeal a provision that allows the state to place struggling or failing schools into receivership. Kaminsky’s recent election—although he’ll have to run again in November—allowed him to introduce his Assembly bills in the State Senate, where they have been referred to the education committee, which has until the middle of June, when the current legislative session ends, to determine their fate.Kaminsky’s win at the polls came after public education advocates were buoyed by the Board of Regents’ 15-0 election of Rosa as Chancellor to replace Meryl Tisch, who was seen as a proponent of the high stakes testing.Putting the emphasis back on teaching and learning may seem like a broad idea for education reform, yet Rosa cites her long history that includes her role as superintendent of a New York City community school as a key to her goals moving forward. It is that particular background that motivates her to embrace the vision of Michael Hynes, superintendent of Patchogue-Medford schools.In direct opposition to Common Core, Hynes, has spearheaded a five-year “Whole Child” program, which he said can “save education” and be the “answer to Albany.” He presented it to the board of education on May 16.Rosa said she agrees with the approach.“I think it’s fabulous,” she told the Press. “Looking at the whole child, you’re looking at all of the needs of the child. I just compliment him and support him.”She also supported Cuomo’s recent emphasis on community schools.“I think many community schools have served as models that show that services are needed, that certain children come to school with certain needs and particularly children who come from disadvantaged homes where they cannot afford so many services,” Rosa said, adding that Hynes understands what’s needed. “I think that he realizes that we have to serve the whole child, not just the academic part. I think that’s extremely important. You have to have healthy children—children who enjoy being in school in terms of attendance. It’s just important for kids to have exposure to the arts and have other ways to develop their talents.”The genesis of Hynes’ plan came from his opinion that the U.S. Department of Education and the New York State Department of Education have “for far too long been about two things: 1. test scores. 2. higher test scores,” he told the Press in an email. “Public education has been forced to move away from educating the ‘whole child’ due to the Regents Reform Agenda, NCLB [No Child Left Behind], and this crazy notion that our 15 year olds must score higher than other 15 year olds around the world or America is doomed. The funny thing is nobody talks about the test the 15 year old takes…yet many place great importance on the results.”Hynes’ focus on the whole child comes as a result of his background in psychology and as a former elementary teacher in Bellport. He bases it on the simple concept that kids can have fun and learn in school simultaneously.“They can play and utilize highly developed divergent thinking skills at the same time,” Hynes said. “We need to teach our children how to socially and emotionally excel. On the flip side, we also need to teach them how to recalibrate when they are having difficulty with something.“This is where more play in schools comes into play (no pun intended), more recess, yoga, mindfulness, meditation, etc…” he continued. “I believe by focusing on social, emotional and academics for our children…we will be able to harvest the talents they never knew existed.”This idea is in stark opposition to the EngageNY curriculum that the State Department of Education has been pushing to coincide with the Common Core standards. New York’s curriculum is taught from firmly established modules that give teachers little room to waver from. Because the high-stakes tests are based upon this strict curriculum—and because teacher evaluation had been directly tied to the test results—the idea of learning through play had been replaced with a high-pressure classroom atmosphere that Hynes said benefits neither the educator nor the student.On a cold rainy Tuesday in early May, kindergarten children at Medford Elementary joyfully showed off their Spanish skills in a counting song to Rosa’s obvious delight. The dual language program facilitates fluency in Spanish at a young age.“My goal is make sure our children have the resources and the opportunities to have access to quality education,” she said. “By that, I mean we need the resources, which means the money, obviously. Opportunities, like in this dual language program, these kids get an opportunity to learn two languages. And access is making sure that children who sometimes don’t have the finances get to places where those opportunities are.”Rosa surveyed the room filled with enthusiastic five- and six-year-olds and said, “We have to fight for these children within the public schools.”
GREG SCHMITZ/Herald photoSome football players wait years for their chance to come in and make a difference. For some, the process is gradual, but for others, like Badgers freshman wide receiver Kyle Jefferson, it can be both abrupt and surprising. “For me, I have to look at it like I’m the next man in,” the 6’5″ Ohio native said. Being “the next man in” in his situation, however, is a little different than a normal drill or substitution.When senior wide out Paul Hubbard, one of the last year’s most important gameday performers, went down in the second half of the UNLV game Saturday, Jefferson was tapped to come in and fill the hole left by the starter.Hubbard tied for the team lead last season in touchdown receptions (5) and finished second in catches (38) and yards per catch (16.5). His exceptional play in the Capital One Bowl versus Arkansas was one of the biggest reasons the Badgers came home from Orlando with a win.Sensing the difficulty of the situation the freshman has been placed in, Hubbard has made sure that Jefferson knows that he and the rest of the offense are behind him.”[Hubbard] told me that I need to just stay focused, take things one at a time, breathe some deep breaths, and when you get your opportunity in the game, just run fast, and if you can make a play, make the play,” Jefferson said.Hubbard’s reassurances were echoed in the huddle as well. “When [Jefferson] came in, everybody looked at him and said, ‘Alright, we’re going to help you out; you can do this,'” senior receiver Luke Swan said. “Kyle has worked really hard so far this year. He’s got good ball skills and can run real well, so I think he has a really good possibility to come in and have a lot of success for us.”As if he didn’t have enough support behind him here at Wisconsin, Jefferson has also been in contact with former Ohio State Buckeye standout Ted Ginn Jr. since he arrived on campus. Jefferson and Ginn, now a member of the Miami Dolphins, played together at Glenville High School in Cleveland, Ohio. “(Ginn) was like a big brother to me,” Jefferson said. “Playing with him and seeing where he is now and knowing that I came from where he did has helped me out a lot as a player.”Although Jefferson hasn’t talked to Ginn since his ascension to the top of the Badger depth chart, the receiver plans on calling him soon, if only just for “ten minutes of advice” from the longtime friend, who has often told him that the most important thing a player can do is to “go out and perform to your best ability, no matter what.”Lucky for UW coach DelVaughn Alexander and the Badgers, Jefferson has been blessed with plenty of physical abilities that will allow him to do just that. “Kyle got here even before I did this summer doing workouts. When he came back for the start of camp, he was very focused and confident about the things that he could bring to the table as a receiver,” Alexander said.With his tremendous height and sprinter speed, Jefferson needs only game experience to transform himself into the downfield threat he has the potential to be. In terms of his arrival to the top of the wide receiver pecking order, it couldn’t have come at a better time on the schedule. With major conference foes such as Ohio State and Michigan looming in the last three weeks of the season, the offense will not only have time to work with and further develop the wide receiver, but also wait for the return of Hubbard, who has been pegged to miss anywhere from six to eight weeks of the season.Giving Jefferson his chance to develop certainly is the silver lining in the whole Hubbard situation in the eyes of Alexander. “For right now, Kyle needs to approach Citadel on this weekend like it is a Michigan or an Ohio State. … We want his best game to come Saturday,” Alexander said.”But if his best game doesn’t come on then, whether it be because of less production or too many mistakes, we want to have the same person that he always is — the person that, week in and week out, is going to grow more as a player every day he goes out on the field.”If all goes well on Saturday, who knows? Maybe Ten Ginn Jr. will be the one calling Jefferson for ten minutes of advice next week.


Treating Leaky Gut Syndrome
Leaky gut is a common factor compromising health in western populations. Leaky gut is a situation in which the tight junctions which normally keep the intestinal lining tightly regulated begin to leak.
When there is a leaky gut, a damaged bowel lining results from poor diet, parasites, yeast, bacteria, infection, or medications, and this allows substances such as toxins, microbes, or undigested food to leak through which causes inflammation and often triggers immunological reactions. Four main causes of leaky gut include poor nutrition, chronic stress, toxin overload, and dysbiosis (an imbalance between good and bad bacteria in the gut). Toxins found in antibiotics, medications, pesticides, aspirin and NSAID use can contribute to a compromised intestinal lining. Casein found in dairy products and gluten breakdown products like gliadin found in whole wheat can cause increased inflammation in the digestive tract. Other common allergens include corn, soy, nuts, and citrus fruits.
Treating Leaky Gut involves:
1. Removing the foods that are damaging the gut and triggering the immune system. Test for food allergies and eliminate those allergenic foods for at least 3 months.
2. Replacing those foods with a healthy whole foods hypoallergenic diet.
3. Repair with targeted nutrients like glutamine (an essential amino acid that is required by gut enterocytes for growth and repair). GI Sustain and/or L-Glutamine powder.
4. Pancreatic enzymes can help breakdown food proteins to a level that maximizes absorption of food. Biogest.
5. Eliminate bad microbes that are contributing to inflammation. Berberine complex, Candaclear 4, Digesten (Juglans nigra), and Intestigen, are some of the products that I use.
6. Supplement probiotic bacteria (good bacteria) to crowd out any undesirable organisms like yeast, bad bacteria and parasites. Good bacteria contribute to healthy digestion and help create an intestinal lining that has maximal integrity. Good bacteria taken consistently may help you desensitize to the food allergies that you currently have. HMF Replenish, HMF Intensive, HMF forte are some of the products I use to replenish good bacteria.
Foods that can contribute to healing of the gut include carrot juice and cabbage juice. All non-starchy vegetables are high in phytonutrients which contribute to healing. Bone broth contains collagen and the amino acids proline and glycine that can help your damaged intestinal lining heal. Drink 1-2 cups daily. Fermented vegetables are very healing to the gut and include raw sauerkraut, kimchi and coconut kefir. Pickles (with a minimum of processing, sugar, etc) and foods like miso, tempeh (fermented organic soy) can also be supportive for a healthy gut; organic soy yogurt with live cultures can be eaten. Chia seeds, ground flax seeds and hemp seeds can provide much needed fiber and essential fatty acids for the gut. Grass fed beef, grass fed lamb and wild fish in the form of salmon, shrimp, sardines, herring can supply essential fatty acids for repair. If you do not tolerate seafood, I recommend supplementing with essential fatty acids in the form of fish and flax seed oil. Other herbs that support healing and the reduction of inflammation include Licorice root, Slippery elm, Ficus carica, Vaccinium vitis idaea, and Rosemarinus officinalis. Because grains can contribute to a leaky gut, choose non-gluten grains and soak overnight before cooking. If you are going to consume legumes (beans, lentils),I also recommend soaking overnight before consuming. Lastly stress is a huge factor which contributes to gut inflammation. Stress can be reduced by exercise, meditation, yoga, breathing exercises and emotional freedom technique; stress management should be a daily practice. This is just an introduction for leaky gut. Please come in for a proper consult if you want to know more at Parallel Wellness.
Reference: Wikipedia; Phytoembryotherapy, Doctors Franck Ledoux, Gerard Gueniot.