A perfectly preserved fish tail from Tanis deposit. Es ist keine leichte Woche für Jan Smit. By Robert Sanders, Media relations| March 29, 2019April 2, 2019, A meteor impact 66 million years ago generated a tsunami-like wave in an inland sea that killed and buried fish, mammals, insects and a dinosaur, the first victims of Earth’s last mass extinction event. Tickets: www.ticketkopen.eu Jan Smit, a retired professor of sedimentary geology from Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam in The Netherlands who is considered the world expert on tektites from the impact, joined DePalma to analyze and date the tektites from the Tanis site. Wir haben uns der Kernaufgabe angenommen, Ware verschiedenster Variante auf Herz und Nieren zu überprüfen, sodass Sie ohne Probleme den Jan smit konzert 2019 bestellen können, den Sie als Leser für geeignet halten Walter sees it as the same.”. lähde? The heaving sea turned into a 30-foot wall of water when it reached the mouth of a river, tossing hundreds, if not thousands, of fresh-water fish — sturgeon and paddlefish — onto a sand bar and temporarily reversing the flow of the river. After the cancellation of Eurovision 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he was confirmed to host the 2021 contest, alongside Janzen, Rombley, and Nikkie de Jager (NikkieTutorials). “For me, it is very exciting and gratifying!”. It is an approximate forecast and could vary in the range between $36.6K - $46.5K. The uncertain outcome of the Chauvin trial, FDA approves first test of CRISPR to correct genetic defect causing sickle cell disease, UC Berkeley graduate programs get high honors in new U.S. News rankings, Subscribe to The Berkeleyan, our weekly email newsletter, The latest information on how UC Berkeley is responding to coronavirus. Nu te downloaden in de app- en playstore: iPhone: https://itunes.apple.com/nl/app/npo-sterrennl/id1069320713?mt=8Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=nl.omroep.npo.sterrennl\u0026hl=nlSterren NL op social media: Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/sterrennlInstagram: http://www.instagram.com/sterrennl Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/sterrennl#STERRENNL #MUZIEKFEEST #AVROTROS (Graphics and photos courtesy of Robert DePalma). Neben eigenen Songs servieren die drei Schlagerkönige ihrer Heimatländer, das sind neben Jan Smit noch Christoff de Bolle aus Belgien und natürlich Florian Silbereisen, in dessen Show Schlager, die jeder kennt. Amsterdam, Netherlands. Their reasoning: The tektites would have rained down within 45 minutes to an hour of the impact, unable to create mu… “At no other K-T boundary section on Earth can you find such a collection consisting of a large number of species representing different ages of organisms and different stages of life, all of which died at the same time, on the same day.”. Shocked quartz and glass spherules were also found in K-Pg layers worldwide. “This is the first mass death assemblage of large organisms anyone has found associated with the K-T boundary,” said DePalma, curator of paleontology at the Palm Beach Museum of Natural History in Florida and a doctoral student at the University of Kansas. Richards and Walter Alvarez, a UC Berkeley Professor of the Graduate School who 40 years ago first hypothesized that a comet or asteroid impact caused the mass extinction, were called in by DePalma and Dutch scientist Jan Smit to consult on the rain of glass beads and the tsunami-like waves that buried and preserved the fish. This layer is known as the K-T, or K-Pg boundary, marking the end of the Cretaceous Period and the beginning of the Tertiary Period, or Paleogene. “Tsunamis from the Chicxulub impact are certainly well-documented, but no one knew how far something like that would go into an inland sea,” DePalma said. “And now we have this magnificent and completely unexpected site that Robert DePalma is excavating in North Dakota, which is so rich in detailed information about what happened as a result of the impact,” Alvarez said. They could have killed you,” Richards said. Beim Schlagerboom 2019 war es eine Hommage an Udo Jürgens mit ihrer Version von “Griechischer Wein”. Jan Smit Tickets, Tour Dates & Concerts 2022 & 2021 – Songkick Jan Smit, Chantal Janzen and Edsilia Rombley will host the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Rotterdam. Jan Smit is a singer, presenter and Eurovision commentator. Until that time comes, he urges potential singers to call the broadcaster. In addition to his solo career, in 2015 Smit joined the trio Copyright © 2021 UC Regents; all rights reserved. View UCBerkeleyOfficial’s profile on Instagram, View UCZAXKyvvIV4uU4YvP5dmrmA’s profile on YouTube, 2.2 million low-income Californians could miss stimulus payments, Berkeley study: Globally, US ranks near bottom in COVID-19 response, A conversation on Black-Jewish relations and the fight for equal justice, Robert Middlekauff, leading scholar of early American history, dies at 91, Whole Girl: First-year student’s book aims to nourish girls, young women, COVID Stories: Sourdough bread with a purpose, Campus community urged to sign up for credit monitoring after cyberattack, Virtual tour gives future students a way to interact with campus, from afar, SETI pioneer Dan Werthimer to receive Drake Award, A seismically induced onshore surge deposit at the KPg boundary, North Dakota. The beads, called tektites, formed in the atmosphere from rock melted by the impact. Then, tiny glass beads began to fall like birdshot from the heavens. ... 2018 and 2019 - but his first Eurovision memory takes him back to 2007 when Sarbel delivered his catchy "Yassou Maria" performance. “It’s like a museum of the end of the Cretaceous in a layer a meter-and-a-half thick,” said Mark Richards, a UC Berkeley professor emeritus of earth and planetary science who is now provost and professor of earth and space sciences at the University of Washington. The 2011 Tohoku quake in Japan, a magnitude 9.0, created six-foot-high seiches 30 minutes later in a Norwegian fjord 8,000 kilometers away. In the water, fish struggled to breathe as the beads clogged their gills. “They also caught tektites. “So, we have to be very careful with that place, how we dig it up and learn from it. “I went to the site in 2015 and, in front of my eyes, he (DePalma) uncovered a charred log or tree trunk about four meters long which was covered in amber, which acted as sort of an aerogel and caught the tektites when they were coming down,” Smit said. Gordon Heuckeroth, one of the founding members, left the group in 2011.The group has performed a series of concerts every year since 2005 in the Johan Cruyff Arena.Their repertoire consists mainly of a mix of covers and original material. He is also one of the commentators for Dutch TV alongside Cornald Maas for the Eurovision Song Contest. We dated them, and they came out to be exactly from the K-T boundary.”. Richards and Alvarez determined that the fish could not have been stranded and then buried by a typical tsunami, a single wave that would have reached this previously unknown arm of the Western Interior Seaway no less than 10 to 12 hours after the impact 3,000 kilometers away, if it didn’t peter out before then. ... Jan Smit. Robert DePalma excavating at the Tanis fossil site in North Dakota. At least two huge seiches inundated the land, perhaps 20 minutes apart, leaving six feet of deposits covering the fossils. 6 talking about this. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. 4 talking about this. Many believe that the rain of debris was so intense that the energy ignited wildfires over the entire American continent, if not around the world. on alankomaalainen laulaja, televisiojuontaja ja jalkapallojohtaja.. Smit laulaa lähinnä Volendam-tyylisiä selvennä hollanninkielisiä kappaleita. “When Mark came aboard, he discovered a remarkable artifact — that the incoming seismic waves from the impact site would have arrived at just about the same time as the atmospheric travel time of the ejecta. Carola zong al vanaf haar 16e in diverse Volendamse bandjes. Jan Smit, securing his first number one at the tender age of twelve and now twenty eight, no question should be asked as to whether you should see this man or not! Many were found in near perfect condition embedded in amber, which at the time was pliable pine pitch. All three have years of presenting experience. The beginning of the end started with violent shaking that raised giant waves in the waters of an inland sea in what is now North Dakota. From the Netherlands, Jan Smit is a pop artist by name and a hit maker by melody. Aber es gibt etwas, was ihm trotz der schweren Zeit, Kraft spendet: Seine Familie. That by itself is an amazing fact. Instead, they argue, seismic waves likely arrived within 10 minutes of the impact from what would have been the equivalent of a magnitude 10 or 11 earthquake, creating a seiche (pronounced saysh), a standing wave, in the inland sea that is similar to water sloshing in a bathtub during an earthquake. That impact created a huge crater, called Chicxulub, in the ocean floor and sent vaporized rock and cubic miles of asteroid dust into the atmosphere. De Toppers, also known as The Toppers in English, is a Dutch supergroup, consisting of René Froger, Gerard Joling, Jeroen van der Boom and Jan Smit. Alle Auftritte sind gecancelt, inklusive die mit seiner Band KLUBBB3. Since then, we've processed over 200,000 more, serving @UCBerkeley, firs…. Fossilized fish piled one atop another, suggesting that they were flung ashore and died stranded together on a sand bar after the seiche withdrew. In 1979, Alvarez and his father, Nobelist Luis Alvarez of UC Berkeley, were the first to recognize the significance of iridium that is found in 66 million-year-old rock layers around the world. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! “We have fantastic deposits that need to be studied from all different viewpoints. Jan Smit komt in 2019 naar Vlaanderen. The tektites in the fishes’ gills are also a first. The evidence confirms a suspicion that nagged at DePalma in his first digging season during the summer of 2013 — that this was a killing field laid down soon after the asteroid impact that eventually led to the extinction of all ground-dwelling dinosaurs. Tickets: www.ticketkopen.eu Walter Alvarez and Robert DePalma at the Tanis outcrop in North Dakota. His sister Monique is also a singer and presenter. This is a great gift at the end of my career. The cloud eventually enveloped Earth, setting the stage for Earth’s last mass extinction. The rain of glass was so heavy it may have set fire to much of the vegetation on land. Jan Smit komt in 2019 naar Vlaanderen. But it never crossed my mind that we would find a deathbed like this.”. “So far, we have gone 40 years before something like this turned up that may very well be unique,” Smit said. Wie er auf seinen Social Media Kanälen bekannt gab, wird er in diesem Jahr keinen Termin mehr wahrnehmen. 27 June 2019 Professor Jan Smit, current head of the Department of Internal Medicine, will be appointed as dean and vice chair of the Radboud university medical center as of 1 August. Tickets: www.ticketkopen.eu The impact would have melted the bedrock under the seafloor and pulverized the asteroid, sending dust and melted rock into the stratosphere, where winds would have carried them around the planet and blotted out the sun for months, if not years. Co-authors with DePalma, Smit, Richards and Alvarez are David Burnham of the University of Kansas, Klaudia Kuiper of Vrije Universiteit, Phillip Manning of Manchester University in the United Kingdom, Anton Oleinik of Florida Atlantic University, Peter Larson of the Black Hills Institute of Geological Research in South Dakota, Florentin Maurrasse of Florida International University, Johan Vellekoop of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium and Loren Gurche of the Palm Beach Museum of Natural History. Jan Smit Tour Dates, Concert Tickets 2019. 35 talking about this. “These spherules coming in cratered the surface, making funnels — you can see the deformed layers in what used to be soft mud — and then rubble covered the spherules. Richards and Alvarez determined that the fish could not have been stranded and then buried by a typical tsunami, a single wave that would have reached this previously unknown arm of the Western Interior Seaway no less than 10 to 12 hours after the impact 3,000 kilometers away, if it didn’t peter out before then. “Paddlefish swim through the water with their mouths open, gaping, and in this net, they catch tiny particles, food particles, in their gill rakers, and then they swallow, like a whale shark or a baleen whale,” Smit said. The new discovery at Tanis is the first time the debris produced in the impact was found along with animals killed in the immediate aftermath of the impact. 2019. Jan Smit komt in 2019 naar Vlaanderen. Smit also noted that the buried body of a Triceratops and a duck-billed hadrosaur proves beyond a doubt that dinosaurs were still alive at the time of the impact. Jan Smit's revenue is $37.3K in 2019. They proposed that a comet or asteroid impact was responsible for both the iridium at the K-T boundary and the mass extinction. Jan Smit (born December 31, 1985) is a Dutch singer, television host, actor and football director. Johannes Harco Smit lähde? hierbij upload ik opnieuw de toppers 2019 dit keer zonder watermerk opgenomen in het Johan Cruijff arena veel kijk en luister plezier In a paper to be published next week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, he and his American and European colleagues, including two University of California, Berkeley, geologists, describe the site, dubbed Tanis, and the evidence connecting it with the asteroid or comet strike off Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula 66 million years ago. Tektites, 1 millimeter spheres of glass, recovered from the Tanis fossil bed. This unique, fossilized graveyard — fish stacked one atop another and mixed in with burned tree trunks, conifer branches, dead mammals, mosasaur bones, insects, the partial carcass of a Triceratops, marine microorganisms called dinoflagellates and snail-like marine cephalopods called ammonites — was unearthed by paleontologist Robert DePalma over the past six years in the Hell Creek Formation, not far from Bowman, North Dakota. Debris wold have rained down from the sky: not only tektites, but also rock debris from the continental crust, including shocked quartz, whose crystal structure was deformed by the impact. Pedro's favorite Eurovision song is Albania's 2015 "I'm Alive" by Elhaida Dani which is also his favorite Eurovision edition. “It was a major discovery, because the resin, the amber, covered the tektites completely, and they are the most unaltered tektites I have seen so far, not 1 percent of alteration. Vuonna 2015 Smit liittyi schlagertrioon nimeltä Klubbb3, ja vuonna 2017 hän liittyi yhtyeeseen nimeltä De Toppers. Stranded by the receding water, the fish were pelted by glass beads up to 5 millimeters in diameter, some burying themselves inches deep in the mud. The tektites would have come in on a ballistic trajectory from space, reaching terminal velocities of between 100 and 200 miles per hour, according to Alvarez, who estimated their travel time decades ago. The torrent of rocks, like fine sand, and small glass beads continued for another 10 to 20 minutes before a second large wave inundated the shore and covered the fish with gravel, sand and fine sediment, sealing them from the world for 66 million years. Jan’s sister Monique is also active in the world of … 7 talking about this. Jan Smit zingt al zijn hits in één medley tijdens het Muziekfeest van het Jaar 2018.-----Kijk voor meer van dit soort video's in de GRATIS Sterren NL App! August 2019 12. That was our big breakthrough.”. (s. 1985), tunnettu myös nimillä Jan Smit ja Jantje Smit, lähde? Though large earthquakes often generate seiches in enclosed bodies of water, they’re seldom noticed, Richards said. Johannes Hendricus Maria "Jan" Smit is a Dutch pop music and schlager singer and TV host. No one has seen these funnels before.”. He scored his first number one position in the Dutch charts with Ik zing dit lied voor jou alleen in 1997 at the age of 12. “Since then, the evidence has gradually built up. Jan Smit, Mark Richards and Walter Alvarez at the North Dakota site of dinosaur-killing meteor’s first victims. Fish carcasses and two logs tossed together by the seiche created by seismic waves from the meteor impact. Overlaying this is a layer of clay rich in iridium, a metal rare on Earth, but common in asteroids and comets. RT @igisci: #OTD we processed our first #COVID19 diagnostic tests. Jan Smit Lee Towers, Trijntje Oosterhuis, Alain Clark, Tino Martin, Glen Faria, Maria Fiselier und Davina Michelle: Lee Towers und Trijntje Oosterhuis 12 24. “You can imagine standing there being pelted by these glass spherules. Jan Smit zingt al zijn hits in één medley tijdens het Muziekfeest van het Jaar 2018.-----Kijk voor meer van dit soort video's in de GRATIS Sterren NL App! Smit mostly sings Dutch songs that fall under the genre known as Volendam music. Jan Smit reveals that Dutch broadcaster AVROTROS has not taken any concrete steps regarding Eurovision 2019. John William Smit, OIS, (born 3 April 1978) is a South African former rugby union player and former chief executive officer of the Sharks.He was the 50th captain of the South Africa national team, and led the team to win the 2007 Rugby World Cup.He played most of his senior career as a hooker, but also won 13 caps as a prop, where he had also played for South Africa's under-21 team. Their reasoning: The tektites would have rained down within 45 minutes to an hour of the impact, unable to create mudholes if the seabed had not already been exposed. The death scene from within an hour of the impact has been excavated at an unprecedented fossil site in North Dakota. Smit is the host of TROS. The impact at the end of the Cretaceous Period, the so-called K-T boundary, exterminated 75 percent of life on Earth. “When we proposed the impact hypothesis to explain the great extinction, it was based just on finding an anomalous concentration of iridium — the fingerprint of an asteroid or comet,” said Alvarez. And I think we can unravel the sequence of incoming ejecta from the Chicxulub impact in great detail, which we would never have been able to do with all the other deposits around the Gulf of Mexico.”. On 4 December 2019, it was announced that he would be one of the three presenters of the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 in Rotterdam alongside Chantal Janzen and Edsilia Rombley. Within the Executive Board, Jan Smit will be particularly tasked with the portfolio of education and research. “We have an amazing array of discoveries which will prove in the future to be even more valuable,” Smit said. Jan smit konzert 2019 - Betrachten Sie dem Sieger unserer Redaktion Die Betreiber dieses Portals begrüßen Sie hier bei uns. Key confirmation of the meteor hypothesis was the discovery of a buried impact crater, Chicxulub, in the Caribbean and off the coast of the Yucatan in Mexico, that was dated to exactly the age of the extinction. Jan Smit Net Worth 2019 . “The seismic waves start arising within nine to 10 minutes of the impact, so they had a chance to get the water sloshing before all the spherules (small spheres) had fallen out of the sky,” Richards said. That means that the first direct victims of the impact are these accumulations of fishes.”. Het Raadhuisplein in Waalwijk stond op 26 juni 2019 in het teken van het eerste Muziekfeest op het Plein van 2019. His wish would be sending a renowned DJ with a song. Jan ist krank und körperlich am Ende. The iridium-rich dust from the pulverized meteor would have been the last to fall out of the atmosphere after the impact, capping off the Cretaceous.
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Painting produces a painting. The word painting refers to the action of painting as well as the result of that action. Historically the references are to the application of paint (a medium) to a surface (a support). There are many types of paint. There are many types of support. There are many types of application. Way to many of each to list here.
I started with watercolor on paper and then worked with oil on canvas. Eventually acrylic on paper became my chosen paint and surface. While working with acrylic on paper I began to use other objects in the painting. Metal and wood and paper were added. At first they were laid on the surface and eventually they began to pierce the surface. This led to the stacking of papers. After stacks of paper became thick enough the paintings no longer hung on the wall but were laid flat on a horizontal surface or pedestal. They came to be made less and less of paint but I still called then paintings. Today no matter what the medium or what the support I have a tendency to call it painting. A collage on wood made mostly of metal I may call a painting. A series of block prints will also be referred to as paintings. Dry pigment on paper I have also call painting. It is a term I use broadly. I respectfully reserve my right to.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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Aikido(合気道) is a Japanese martial art developed by Morihei Ueshiba as a synthesis of his martial studies, philosophy, and religious beliefs. Aikido is often translated as “the Way of unifying (with) life energy” or as “the Way of harmonious spirit.” Ueshiba’s goal was to create an art that practitioners could use to defend themselves while also protecting their attacker from injury.
Aikido is performed by blending with the motion of the attacker and redirecting the force of the attack rather than opposing it head-on. This requires very little physical strength, as the aikidōka (aikido practitioner) “leads” the attacker’s momentum using entering and turning movements. The techniques are completed with various throws or joint locks.
Aikido derives mainly from the martial art of Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu, but began to diverge from it in the late 1920s, partly due to Ueshiba’s involvement with the Ōmoto-kyō religion. Ueshiba’s early students’ documents bear the term aiki-jūjutsu.
Ueshiba’s senior students have different approaches to aikido, depending partly on when they studied with him. Today aikido is found all over the world in a number of styles, with broad ranges of interpretation and emphasis. However, they all share techniques learned from Ueshiba and most have concern for the well-being of the attacker.
The version of the “four-direction throw” (shihōnage) with standing attacker and seated defender (hanmi-handachi). The receiver of the throw (uke) is taking a breakfall (ukemi) to reach the ground safely.
Ueshiba in Tokyo in 1939
Aikido was created by Morihei Ueshiba (植芝 盛平Ueshiba Morihei, 14 December 1883 – 26 April 1969), referred to by some aikido practitioners as Ōsensei (“Great Teacher”). The term ‘aikido’ is a generic term coined in the twentieth century. Ueshiba envisioned aikido not only as the synthesis of his martial training, but as an expression of his personal philosophy of universal peace and reconciliation. During Ueshiba’s lifetime and continuing today, aikido has evolved from the Aiki that Ueshiba studied into a wide variety of expressions by martial artists throughout the world.
Ueshiba developed aikido primarily during the late 1920s through the 1930s through the synthesis of the older martial arts that he had studied. The core martial art from which aikido derives is Daitō-ryū aiki-jūjutsu, which Ueshiba studied directly with Takeda Sōkaku, the reviver of that art. Additionally, Ueshiba is known to have studied Tenjin Shin’yō-ryū with Tozawa Tokusaburō in Tokyo in 1901, Gotōha Yagyū Shingan-ryū under Nakai Masakatsu in Sakai from 1903 to 1908, and judo with Kiyoichi Takagi (高木 喜代子Takagi Kiyoichi, 1894–1972) in Tanabe in 1911.
The art of Daitō-ryū is the primary technical influence on aikido. Along with empty-handed throwing and joint-locking techniques, Ueshiba incorporated training movements with weapons, such as those for the spear (yari), short staff (jō), and perhaps the bayonet (銃剣jūken). However, aikido derives much of its technical structure from the art of swordsmanship (kenjutsu).
Ueshiba moved to Hokkaidō in 1912, and began studying under Takeda Sokaku in 1915. His official association with Daitō-ryū continued until 1937. However, during the latter part of that period, Ueshiba had already begun to distance himself from Takeda and the Daitō-ryū. At that time Ueshiba was referring to his martial art as “Aiki Budō”. It is unclear exactly when Ueshiba began using the name “aikido”, but it became the official name of the art in 1942 when the Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society (Dai Nippon Butoku Kai) was engaged in a government sponsored reorganization and centralization of Japanese martial arts.
After Ueshiba left Hokkaidō in 1919, he met and was profoundly influenced by Onisaburo Deguchi, the spiritual leader of the Ōmoto-kyō religion (a neo-Shinto movement) in Ayabe. One of the primary features of Ōmoto-kyō is its emphasis on the attainment of utopia during one’s life. This was a great influence on Ueshiba’s martial arts philosophy of extending love and compassion especially to those who seek to harm others. Aikido demonstrates this philosophy in its emphasis on mastering martial arts so that one may receive an attack and harmlessly redirect it. In an ideal resolution, not only is the receiver unharmed, but so is the attacker.
In addition to the effect on his spiritual growth, the connection with Deguchi gave Ueshiba entry to elite political and military circles as a martial artist. As a result of this exposure, he was able to attract not only financial backing but also gifted students. Several of these students would found their own styles of aikido.
Aikido was first brought to the rest of the world in 1951 by Minoru Mochizuki with a visit to France where he introduced aikido techniques to judo students. He was followed by Tadashi Abe in 1952 who came as the official Aikikai Hombu representative, remaining in France for seven years. Kenji Tomiki toured with a delegation of various martial arts through 15 continental states of the United States in 1953. Later in that year, Koichi Tohei was sent by Aikikai Hombu to Hawaii, for a full year, where he set up several dojo. This was followed up by several further visits and is considered the formal introduction of aikido to the United States. The United Kingdom followed in 1955; Italy in 1964 by Hiroshi Tada; and Germany 1965 by Katsuaki Asai. Designated “Official Delegate for Europe and Africa” by Morihei Ueshiba, Masamichi Noro arrived in France in September 1961. Seiichi Sugano was appointed to introduce aikido to Australia in 1965. Today there are aikido dojo available throughout the world.
The largest aikido organization is the Aikikai Foundation, which remains under the control of the Ueshiba family. However, aikido has many styles, mostly formed by Morihei Ueshiba’s major students.
The earliest independent styles to emerge were Yoseikan Aikido, begun by Minoru Mochizuki in 1931, Yoshinkan Aikido founded by Gozo Shioda in 1955, and Shodokan Aikido, founded by Kenji Tomiki in 1967. The emergence of these styles pre-dated Ueshiba’s death and did not cause any major upheavals when they were formalized. Shodokan Aikido, however, was controversial, since it introduced a unique rule-based competition that some felt was contrary to the spirit of aikido.
After Ueshiba’s death in 1969, two more major styles emerged. Significant controversy arose with the departure of the Aikikai Hombu Dojo’s chief instructor Koichi Tohei, in 1974. Tohei left as a result of a disagreement with the son of the founder, Kisshomaru Ueshiba, who at that time headed the Aikikai Foundation. The disagreement was over the proper role of ki development in regular aikido training. After Tohei left, he formed his own style, called Shin Shin Toitsu Aikido, and the organization which governs it, the Ki Society (Ki no Kenkyūkai).
A final major style evolved from Ueshiba’s retirement in Iwama, Ibaraki, and the teaching methodology of long term student Morihiro Saito. It is unofficially referred to as the “Iwama style”, and at one point a number of its followers formed a loose network of schools they called Iwama Ryu. Although Iwama style practitioners remained part of the Aikikai until Saito’s death in 2002, followers of Saito subsequently split into two groups; one remaining with the Aikikai and the other forming the independent Shinshin Aikishuren Kai in 2004 around Saito’s son Hitohiro Saito.
Today, the major styles of aikido are each run by a separate governing organization, have their own headquarters in Japan, and have an international breadth.
Etymology and basic philosophy
“Aikido” written with “ki” in its old character form
The word “aikido” is formed of three kanji:
合 – ai – joining, unifying, combining, fit
気 – ki – spirit, energy, mood, morale
道 – dō – way, path
The term “aiki” does not readily appear in the Japanese language outside the scope of Budo. This has led to many possible interpretations of the word.
合is mainly used in compounds to mean ‘combine, unite, join together, meet’, examples being 合同(combined/united), 合成(composition), 結合(unite/combine/join together), 連合(union/alliance/association), 統合(combine/unify), and 合意(mutual agreement). There is an idea of reciprocity, 知り合う(to get to know one another), 話し合い(talk/discussion/negotiation), and 待ち合わせる(meet by appointment).
気is often used to describe a feeling, as in なになに気がする(‘I feel X’, as in terms of thinking but with less cognitive reasoning), and 気持ち(feeling/sensation); it is used to mean energy or force, as in 電気(electricity) and 磁気(magnetism); it can also refer to qualities or aspects of people or things, as in 気質(spirit/trait/temperament).
The term dō is also found in martial arts such as judo and kendo, and in the more peaceful arts such as Japanese calligraphy (shodō), flower arranging (kadō) and tea ceremony (chadō or sadō).
Therefore, from a purely linguistic point of view, aikido is ‘Way of combining forces’. The term aiki refers to the martial arts principle or tactic of blending with an attacker’s movements for the purpose of controlling their actions with minimal effort. One applies aiki by understanding the rhythm and intent of the attacker to find the optimal position and timing to apply a counter-technique. This then is very similar to the principles expressed by Kanō Jigorō, founder of judo.
In aikido, as in virtually all Japanese martial arts, there are both physical and mental aspects of training. The physical training in aikido is diverse, covering both general physical fitness and conditioning, as well as specific techniques. Because a substantial portion of any aikido curriculum consists of throws, the first thing most students learn is how to safely fall or roll. The specific techniques for attack include both strikes and grabs; the techniques for defense consist of throws and pins. After basic techniques are learned, students study freestyle defense against multiple opponents, and techniques with weapons.
Ukemi (受け身) is very important for safe practice
Physical training goals pursued in conjunction with aikido include controlled relaxation, flexibility, and endurance, with less emphasis on strength training. In aikido, pushing or extending movements are much more common than pulling or contracting movements. This distinction can be applied to general fitness goals for the aikido practitioner.
In aikido, specific muscles or muscle groups are not isolated and worked to improve tone, mass, and power. Aikido-related training emphasizes the use of coordinated whole-body movement and balance similar to yoga. For example, many dojos begin each class with warm-up exercises which may include stretching and ukemi (break falls).
Aikido training is based primarily on two partners practicing pre-arranged forms (kata) rather than freestyle practice. The basic pattern is for the receiver of the technique (uke) to initiate an attack against the person who applies the techniquetori, also referred to as nage (when applying a throwing technique), who neutralises this attack with an aikido technique.
Both halves of the technique, that of uke and that of nage, are essential to aikido training. Both are studying aikido principles of blending and adaptation. Nage learns to blend with and control attacking energy, while uke learns to become calm and flexible in the disadvantageous, off-balance positions in which nage places them. This “receiving” of the technique is called ukemi. Uke continuously seeks to regain balance and cover vulnerabilities (e.g., an exposed side), while nage uses position and timing to keep uke off-balance and vulnerable. In more advanced training, uke will sometimes apply reversal techniques (返し技kaeshi-waza) to regain balance and pin or throw nage.
Ukemi(受身) refers to the act of receiving a technique. Good ukemi involves attention to the technique, the partner and the immediate environment—it is an active rather than a passive receiving of aikido. The fall itself is part of aikido, and is a way for the practitioner to receive, safely, what would otherwise be a devastating strike or throw.
Aikido techniques are usually a defense against an attack, so students must learn to deliver various types of attacks to be able to practice aikido with a partner. Although attacks are not studied as thoroughly as in striking-based arts, sincere attacks (a strong strike or an immobilizing grab) are needed to study correct and effective application of technique.
Many of the strikes (打ちuchi) of aikido resemble cuts from a sword or other grasped object, which indicate its origins in techniques intended for armed combat. Other techniques, which explicitly appear to be punches (tsuki), are practiced as thrusts with a knife or sword. Kicks are generally reserved for upper-level variations; reasons cited include that falls from kicks are especially dangerous, and that kicks (high kicks in particular) were uncommon during the types of combat prevalent in feudal Japan. Some basic strikes include:
Front-of-the-head strike(正面打ちshōmen’uchi) a vertical knifehand strike to the head. In training, this is usually directed at the forehead or the crown for safety, but more dangerous versions of this attack target the bridge of the nose and the maxillary sinus.
Side-of-the-head strike(横面打ちyokomen’uchi) a diagonal knifehand strike to the side of the head or neck.
Chest thrust(胸突きmune-tsuki) a punch to the torso. Specific targets include the chest, abdomen, and solar plexus. Same as “middle-level thrust” (中段突きchūdan-tsuki), and “direct thrust” (直突きchoku-tsuki).
Face thrust(顔面突きganmen-tsuki) a punch to the face. Same as “upper-level thrust” (上段突きjōdan-tsuki).
Beginners in particular often practice techniques from grabs, because it promotes the correct distance for uke and tori and because it is easier to feel the energy and lines of force of a hold than a strike. Some grabs are historically derived from being held while trying to draw a weapon; a technique could then be used to free oneself and immobilize or strike the attacker who is grabbing the defender. The following are examples of some basic grabs:
Single-hand grab(片手取りkatate-dori) one hand grabs one wrist.
Both-hands grab(諸手取りmorote-dori) both hands grab one wrist. Same as “single hand double-handed grab” (片手両手取りkatateryōte-dori)
Both-hands grab(両手取りryōte-dori) both hands grab both wrists. Same as “double single-handed grab” (両片手取りryōkatate-dori).
Shoulder grab(肩取りkata-dori) a shoulder grab. “Both-shoulders-grab” is ryōkata-dori(両肩取り). It is sometimes combined with an overhead strike as Shoulder grab face strike(肩取り面打ちkata-dori men-uchi).
Chest grab(胸取りmune-dori or muna-dori) grabbing the (clothing of the) chest. Same as “collar grab” (襟取りeri-dori).
The following are a sample of the basic or widely practiced throws and pins. Many of these techniques derive from Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu, but some others were invented by Morihei Ueshiba. The precise terminology for some may vary between organisations and styles, so what follows are the terms used by the Aikikai Foundation. Note that despite the names of the first five techniques listed, they are not universally taught in numeric order.
First technique(一教ikkyō) a control using one hand on the elbow and one hand near the wrist which leverages uke to the ground. This grip applies pressure into the ulnar nerve at the wrist.
Second technique(二教nikyō) a pronating wristlock that torques the arm and applies painful nerve pressure. (There is an adductive wristlock or Z-lock in ura version.)
Third technique(三教sankyō) a rotational wristlock that directs upward-spiraling tension throughout the arm, elbow and shoulder.
Fourth technique(四教yonkyō) a shoulder control similar to ikkyō, but with both hands gripping the forearm. The knuckles (from the palm side) are applied to the recipient’s radial nerve against the periosteum of the forearm bone.
Fifth technique(五教gokyō) visually similar to ikkyō, but with an inverted grip of the wrist, medial rotation of the arm and shoulder, and downward pressure on the elbow. Common in knife and other weapon take-aways.
Four-direction throw(四方投げshihōnage) The hand is folded back past the shoulder, locking the shoulder joint.
Forearm return(小手返しkotegaeshi) a supinating wristlock-throw that stretches the extensor digitorum.
Breath throw(呼吸投げkokyūnage) a loosely used term for various types of mechanically unrelated techniques, although they generally do not use joint locks like other techniques.
Entering throw(入身投げiriminage) throws in which nage moves through the space occupied by uke. The classic form superficially resembles a “clothesline” technique.
Heaven-and-earth throw(天地投げtenchinage) often beginning with ryōte-dori; moving forward, nage sweeps one hand low (“earth”) and the other high (“heaven”), which unbalances uke so that he or she easily topples over.
Hip throw(腰投げkoshinage) aikido’s version of the hip throw. Nage drops his or her hips lower than those of uke, then flips uke over the resultant fulcrum.
Figure-ten throw(十字投げjūjinage) or figure-ten entanglement(十字絡みjūjigarami) a throw that locks the arms against each other (The kanji for “10” is a cross-shape: 十).
Rotary throw(回転投げkaitennage)nage sweeps the arm back until it locks the shoulder joint, then uses forward pressure to throw.
Diagram showing two versions of the ikkyō technique: one moving forward (the omote version) and one moving to the side (the ura version).
Aikido makes use of body movement (tai sabaki) to blend with uke. For example, an “entering” (irimi) technique consists of movements inward towards uke, while a “turning” (転換tenkan) technique uses a pivoting motion. Additionally, an “inside” (内uchi) technique takes place in front of uke, whereas an “outside” (外soto) technique takes place to his side; a “front” (表omote) technique is applied with motion to the front of uke, and a “rear” (裏ura) version is applied with motion towards the rear of uke, usually by incorporating a turning or pivoting motion. Finally, most techniques can be performed while in a seated posture (seiza). Techniques where both uke and nage are standing are called tachi-waza, techniques where both start off in seiza are called suwari-waza, and techniques performed with uke standing and nage sitting are called hanmi handachi.
Thus, from fewer than twenty basic techniques, there are thousands of possible implementations. For instance, ikkyō can be applied to an opponent moving forward with a strike (perhaps with an ura type of movement to redirect the incoming force), or to an opponent who has already struck and is now moving back to reestablish distance (perhaps an omote-waza version). Specific aikido tecniques or moves are typically referred to using the formula “attack-technique then defensive technique”. For instance, katate-dori ikkyō refers to any ikkyō technique executed when uke is holding one wrist. This could be further specified as katate-dori ikkyō omote, referring to any forward-moving ikkyō technique from that grab.
Atemi (当て身) are strikes (or feints) employed during an aikido technique. Some view atemi as attacks against “vital points” meant to cause damage in and of themselves. For instance, Gōzō Shioda described using atemi in a brawl to quickly down a gang’s leader. Others consider atemi, especially to the face, to be methods of distraction meant to enable other techniques. A strike, whether or not it is blocked, can startle the target and break his or her concentration. The target may become unbalanced in attempting to avoid the blow, for example by jerking the head back, which may allow for an easier throw. Many sayings about atemi are attributed to Morihei Ueshiba, who considered them an essential element of technique.
Disarming an attacker using a “sword taking” (太刀取りtachi-dori) technique.
Weapons training in aikido traditionally includes the short staff (jō), wooden sword (bokken), and knife (tantō). Today, some schools incorporate firearm-disarming techniques. Both weapon-taking and weapon-retention are sometimes taught, to integrate armed and unarmed aspects. Others, such as the Iwama style of Morihiro Saito, usually spend substantial time with bokken and jō, practised under the names aiki-ken, and aiki-jō, respectively.
The founder developed much of empty handed aikido from traditional sword and spear movements. Consequently, the practice of these movements both gives insight into the origin of techniques and movements, and reinforces the concepts of distance, foot movement, presence and connectedness with one’s training partner(s).
Technique performed against two attackers.
One feature of aikido is training to defend against multiple attackers, often called taninzudori, or taninzugake. Freestyle (randori, or jiyūwaza) practice with multiple attackers is a key part of most curricula and is required for the higher level ranks. “Randori”, literally “chaos”, exercises a person’s ability to intuitively perform techniques in an unstructured environment. Strategic choice of techniques, based on how they reposition the student relative to other attackers, is important in randori training. For instance, an ura technique might be used to neutralise the current attacker while turning to face attackers approaching from behind.
In Shodokan Aikido, randori differs in that it is not performed with multiple persons with defined roles of defender and attacker, but between two people, where both participants attack, defend, and counter at will. In this respect it resembles judo randori.
In applying a technique during training, it is the responsibility of nage to prevent injury to uke by employing a speed and force of application which is commensurate with their partner’s proficiency in ukemi. Injuries (especially those to the joints), when they do occur in aikido, are often the result of nage misjudging the ability of uke to receive the throw or pin.
A study of injuries in the martial arts showed that while the type of injuries varied considerably from one art to the other, the differences in overall rates of injury were much less pronounced. Soft tissue injuries are one of the most common types of injuries found within aikido, and even a few reported deaths from repetitive “shihōnage” in a Japanese-style hazing context.
Aikido training is mental as well as physical, emphasizing the ability to relax the mind and body even under the stress of dangerous situations. This is necessary to enable the practitioner to perform the bold enter-and-blend movements that underlie aikido techniques, wherein an attack is met with confidence and directness. Morihei Ueshiba once remarked that one “must be willing to receive 99% of an opponent’s attack and stare death in the face” in order to execute techniques without hesitation. As a martial art concerned not only with fighting proficiency but with the betterment of daily life, this mental aspect is of key importance to aikido practitioners.
The most common criticism of aikido is that it suffers from a lack of realism in training. The attacks initiated by uke (and which nage must defend against) have been criticized as being “weak,” “sloppy,” and “little more than caricatures of an attack.” Weak attacks from uke cause a conditioned response from nage, and result in underdevelopment of the strength and conditioning needed for the safe and effective practice of both partners. To counteract this, some styles allow students to become less compliant over time but, in keeping with the core philosophies, this is after having demonstrated proficiency in being able to protect themselves and their training partners. Shodokan Aikido addresses the issue by practising in a competitive format. Such adaptations are debated between styles, with some maintaining there is no need to adjust their methods because either the criticisms are unjustified, or that they are not training for self-defence or combat effectiveness, but spiritual, fitness or other reasons.
Another criticism is that after the end of Ueshiba’s seclusion in Iwama from 1942 to the mid-1950s, he increasingly emphasized the spiritual and philosophical aspects of aikido. As a result, strikes to vital points by nage, entering (irimi) and initiation of techniques by nage, the distinction between omote (front side) and ura (back side) techniques, and the use of weapons, were all de-emphasized or eliminated from practice. Lack of training in these areas is thought to lead to an overall loss of effectiveness by some aikido practitioners.
Conversely, there are some who criticize aikido practitioners for not placing enough importance on the spiritual practices emphasized by Ueshiba. The premise of this criticism is that “O-Sensei’s aikido was not a continuation and extension of the old and has a distinct discontinuity with past martial and philosophical concepts.” That is, aikido practitioners who focus on aikido’s roots in traditional jujutsu or kenjutsu are diverging from what Ueshiba taught. Such critics urge practitioners to embrace the assertion that “[Ueshiba’s] transcendence to the spiritual and universal reality was the fundamentals of the paradigm which he demonstrated.”
This was the kanji for ki until 1946, when it was changed to 気.
The study of ki is a critical component of aikido, and its study defies categorization as either “physical” or “mental” training, as it encompasses both. The original kanji for ki was 氣, and is a symbolic representation of a lid covering a pot full of rice; the “nourishing vapors” contained within are ki.
The character for ki is used in everyday Japanese terms, such as “health” (元気genki), or “shyness” (内気uchiki). Ki is most often understood as unified physical and mental intention, however in traditional martial arts it is often discussed as “life energy”. Gōzō Shioda’s Yoshinkan Aikido, considered one of the “hard styles,” largely follows Ueshiba’s teachings from before World War II, and surmises that the secret to ki lies in timing and the application of the whole body’s strength to a single point. In later years, Ueshiba’s application of ki in aikido took on a softer, more gentle feel. This was his Takemusu Aiki and many of his later students teach about ki from this perspective. Koichi Tohei’s Ki Society centers almost exclusively around the study of the empirical (albeit subjective) experience of ki with students ranked separately in aikido techniques and ki development.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
To see the original page


These emails often include a link which takes you to a website that will ask for your personal and private information.
But how do you know that this isn’t genuine? That it’s a scam? Well, put simply, your bank or any other similar organisation which holds personal information or manages your money will never send you an email like this. Instead, these are phishing scams created by cybercriminals trying to steal from you. Thieves use well-known names like PayPal, eBay or courier firms, creating official-looking emails in an attempt to scam unsuspecting victims.
Once you become a victim of phishing, scammers can run up bills on your debit and credit cards, or in the worst case, you could be a victim of identity theft.
So, let’s go into a little more detail.
What is phishing?
Phishing is a tool that cybercriminals use to attempt to fool victims into handing over sensitive information by disguising themselves as a trustworthy organisation. They do this by using a variety of different platforms and outlets, sending millions of fake emails and text messages in the hope that enough people will be tricked into sharing their personal data.
Usually the emails or messages will look unprofessional with grammatical errors and spelling mistakes throughout. Unfortunately, however, these cybercriminals don’t have to be too sophisticated. Their success relies upon the sheer volume of emails they send out, only needing a handful of victims to fall for their scams.
For example, in 2018 the Federal Trade Commission revealed one phishing scam that was targeting Netflix users. The email looked like it was sent from Netflix and included a link that asked users to update their billing information to continue using the streaming site. Instead of the link taking users to the Netflix website, it took victims to a scam website that was built by cybercriminals.
So, how do you protect yourself against phishing scams? You need to learn and recognise what these scams look like and never click on links in emails or texts that are purport to be from your bank or other well-known organisations.
How phishing works
- Firstly the cybercriminal will start by outlining their target victims, creating strategies to collect the data that will be used in the attack.
- They then create the method, such as the scam emails or messages intended to lure their victims into sharing sensitive information.
- The attack begins when they send these scam messages or emails out to their chosen victims.
- The scammers will then monitor the attack and store any data that has been collected.
- Finally, the cybercriminals will use this data to make illegal purchases or commit fraud.
Whilst this is the most common route taken by phishing scammers there are variations with phishing scams often being cleverly disguised in other ways.
5 most common types of phishing
- Email phishing – As mentioned above, this is the most common form of phishing. An email is sent by fraudsters pretending to be a legitimate company, usually a bank or financial institution. They will usually include a link that will take you to a fake webpage which asks for your details. Alternatively, when clicked, that link may automatically install malware on your device.
- Spear phishing – Unlike regular phishing emails which are sent out to large groups of people, spear phishing is a more personalised approach. They are specifically targeted to certain individuals, businesses or organisations. Clearly, this means that the hackers will have carried out detailed research on their victims. Sometimes known as social engineering, the hackers will send emails that look like they’re legitimate. For example, customers who had recently purchased something from a website may receive an email that looks like it’s from the same company with the subject line ‘Your order has been dispatched’, including a link that could download malware on your device.
- Clone phishing – One of the most difficult to detect, clone phishing is when a scammer builds an identical version of a message or email they have already received.
- Whaling – This is when cybercriminals target high ranking professionals or government officials. The aim is to fool the most powerful people into sharing very sensitive corporate or government data. These kind of attacks are much more sophisticated than your average phishing scam and require more research.
- Pop-ups – Finally there’s pop-up phishing, a scam during which ads pop up and try to trick users into installing viruses on their devices. These ads can sometimes be disguised as anti-virus software trying to protect your computer from an attack when, in reality, if you install them they’ll end up infecting your device.
Tips on how to protect yourself
- Never provide sensitive information in response to an email or message including a link. Webpages or emails may look legitimate, but you never know! If you didn’t initiate the communication you should never pass your information on.
- If you think the correspondence could be legitimate, it’s always best to contact them directly and ask.
- Never give out your full password over the phone or in reply to a strange request online. A bank or financial organisation would never ask for these details over an email or phone call.
- Always check your account statements and verify the transactions were authorised by you. Online banking allows users to view their transactions in real time making it much easier to catch cybercriminals.
- Don’t click links in emails that claim to be from financial institutions or well-known sources like Amazon or eBay. These URLs may look legitimate but they’ll usually contain subtle differences that will direct you to a fraudulent site.
- Look out for the common phishing language. Scammers will usually use similar language across their fraudulent emails and text messages. They’re also usually littered with bad grammar and spelling mistakes. Common phrases are ‘verify your account’ saying you need to act urgently, warnings that your account has been hacked or enticing messages offering you cash rewards or prizes.
- Check the email address it has been sent from. If it doesn’t match the company it’s sent from (e.g. @companyname.co.uk) you should be immediately suspicious. These messages will also usually not be addressed to you directly. Most legitimate correspondence will use your first and or last name.
- Always use authenticated webpages when inputting personal and sensitive information. To check the authentication click on the padlock within the address bar. This should show you the name of the organisation that applied for the SSL (security) certificate.
- Don’t click on pop-up ads and never download anything from them.
- Install anti-virus software and use spam filters.
For companies that are looking to stop employees falling for these phishing scam, one of the best things to do is start using anti-phishing software. There are plenty of options on the market, each offering solutions such as identifying and neutralising malware attachments, handling zero-day vulnerabilities, detecting spear phishing emails and many more. This software is especially designed to stop phishing scams reaching you and your employees inboxes.
For more information on phishing and how to protect your business, get in touch with our team today!


Immunity Booster Drinks: The intake of green vegetables provides the body with many types of vitamins, proteins and many minerals. Green vegetable soup helps the body fight many diseases.
The stronger the immunity, the stronger our body will be able to fight against diseases. For this, by consuming certain types of beverages, the body will be able to immunize well and will be protected from many types of diseases. Let us know what are the substances that should be consumed regularly –
According to Dr. Laxmidatta Shukla, the role of vitamin C is important to increase the immunity of the body. For this, orange juice supplies vitamin C. Orange juice helps protect against many infectious diseases.
Banana contains a rich amount of fiber called pectin, which improves the digestive system. Mixing bananas with milk provides plenty of energy. The calcium present in milk increases the strength of bones. Bananas are rich in vitamin B6, which works to maintain blood circulation.
Amla has considered the best source of Vitamin C. Consumption of Amla juice strengthens the body’s immunity. At the same time, amaranth juice also contains elements like keratin, zinc, iron, vitamin B complex, calcium, etc. Amla juice is also rich in antioxidant properties. Amla juice also serves to detox the body, which also removes the toxic substances present in the body. In addition, the body also gets freshness.
Increase immunity in this way with mix juice
According to my Lakshmidatta Shukla, some such mixed juices can also be consumed, which provide energy in the body and also improve the immunity of the body. For this, take two oranges, a carrot, 1 teaspoon chia seeds, curd, half a teaspoon turmeric, half a teaspoon grated ginger, half a teaspoon cardamom, half a teaspoon coconut oil and grind them all well. Now filter it with a clean cotton cloth and take it out with juice, it will benefit.
Green Vegetable Juice:
Consumption of green vegetables provides the body with many types of vitamins, proteins and many minerals. Green vegetable soup helps the body fight many diseases. You can also make spinach juice. Spinach is rich in iron, which removes blood loss in the body.
Ginger and Lemon Tea:
Most people have a habit of drinking tea in the morning, but if they drink tea that is beneficial instead of harming the body. For this, ginger and lemon tea are very healthy. This tea has rich anti-oxidants. In addition, it is also rich in vitamin C, which works to strengthen immunity. To make it, heat a cup of water, then grind it in half a piece of lemon and a small piece of ginger and boil it for a minute. After this, take it out in a cup and mix honey.
Disclaimer: The information in this article is for educational purposes in relation to certain health conditions and their possible treatment. It is not healthcare, screening, diagnosis, and treatment option offered by a qualified and licensed physician. If you, your child, or someone close is experiencing any such health problem, which is mentioned here, contact the doctor as soon as possible. Do not use the information given here for the diagnosis or treatment of any health-related problem or disease without expert advice. If you do this, NewsTodayDigest will not be responsible for any possible loss to you in such a situation.


Students are doing an amazing job of learning to read notes. We are really focusing in on Middle C and the steps moving up D, E, F, G. There are so many songs that can be played with these notes.
However, it is nice to take a break from note reading to play something more whimsical and fun. I have taught "I Love Coffee" to many students. If your child has already played "I Love Coffee" it may be time to refresh their memory (or older students may learn the accompaniment part).
If your child is brand new, you will be delighted that these step by step video tutorials will teach your child to play like a pro! There are 6 parts to I Love Coffee. The fourth part is the most difficult to play. The second part is the most fun! I put a little fuzz ball on the starting two black keys just to help with placement!
Flashy Fingers is for newer beginning students. It can even be helpful for improving technique in older students who struggle with proper hand shape and collapsing finger joints. You will see that your student is bringing home Flashy Fingers (maybe already has it) in the next week or two. I put this little video together to demonstrate some ways to use this resource. 5-6 year old students may have some trouble initially moving fingers independently. The simplest way fro them to gain confidence is to put two hands together and wiggle fingers from the cards. Please notice I always demonstrate tall fingers, not flat fingers, and that the knuckles are the highest point of the hand. If you ask a child to gently hold a bubble, you take that hand shape and turn it upside down. That is the proper shape to develop good hand position.
MOST IMPORTANTLY.... Make it fun!
A child can close their eyes and find two black keys and then open their eyes and play a flashy finger card on C or D or E.
Sometimes I have them go to the middle of the room and turn around three times and then see if they can find CDE again.
If you have a digital keyboard you can gain a lot of mileage by changing the sound for each Flashy Card.
Call a grandma and play a flashy card over the phone (or live messenger).
Take a video on your phone of your child's favorite flashy card and send it to your piano teacher! Or post it on our Studio Facebook Page here:


A republic, not a democracy
The slogan "a republic, not a democracy" refers to the difference between direct democracy and representative democracy. The distinction is between direct democracy in which everyone votes, and the majority rules; and a representative democracy in which executives are elected to rule the people.
The ancient Greeks had direct democracy, i.e., the people voted, and the decision of the majority prevailed. Some New England town meetings are like that. In some U.S. states, a proposition will go on the ballot and be decided by voters directly, but this is rare; see legislature.
Although the slogan is used by some to alert listeners to the particular kind of democracy which the United States Constitution provides, it is misleading because the phrase "not a democracy" implies that representative democracy is not a democracy at all - a notion which most political scientists would reject as nonsense.


Comment on the character traits of Yecko-san, the doctor’s wife in Vikram Seth’s poem ‘A Doctor’s journal entry for august 6,1945’.
The narrator’s wife, Yecko-san is rather a minor character in the poem ‘A Doctor’s Journal Entry’. She is mentioned only twice in the entire poem. But still, that gives glimpses of her character traits.
At first, she is seen to emerge ‘pale, bloodstained, frightened’ at the call of the doctor. She is rather a common woman who is in pain and shock after the explosion. Then, when they were on the way to the hospital and the doctor could not walk more, she went ahead but reluctantly.
To Yecko-san she must go on ahead.
She did not wish to, but in our distress
What choice had we?
This shows two qualities of her character. She was caring to her husband and did not wish to go ahead alone leaving him on the way. But, she was not prejudiced or foolish. So, she went ahead finally having no other choice.


I recently got the chance to sit down with Richard Girard of the Polaris institute in Ottawa. He has just released a corporate profile of oil pipeline giant Enbridge. We run through his findings, how the pipelines are compromising the environmental health and safety of local communities and the ties between government and industry. Our interview went a bit long, but we go through a lot of interesting issues surrounding the extraction, transportation and use of oil in the Canadian west.
You can download the full Corporate Profile Report here.
While we primarily service industry, it is more important than ever to ensure industry is acting responsibly and transparently. With millions of barrels of oil pouring into the gulf, we need to ensure our government aires not the side of caution, something I fear we have not done in the TarSands.
Tarsands production consumption of natural resources
Pembina goes on to estimate that the increased tar sands production made possible by a new half-million barrels per day pipeline from the tar sands would: consume the amount of natural gas consumed by 1.3 million Canadian households each year; disturb 11.5 square kilometers of Boreal forest; consume 200 million barrels of processing water; and create over 4 billion litres of toxic tailings of which 455 million litres will leak into Alberta’s watersheds.157
Spills and leaks in the pipeline
Spills, leaks and ruptures that have occurred on Enbridge pipelines over the past ten years. Between 1999 and 2008, across all of Enbridge’s operations there were 610 spills that released close to 132,000 barrels (21 million litres) of
hydrocarbons into the environment.1 This amounts to approximately half of the oil that spilled from the oil tanker the Exxon Valdez after it struck a rock in Prince William Sound, Alaska in 1988.


Hidden Figures, by Margot Lee Shetterly, is a historical novel published by HarperCollins Publishers, copyright 2016.
Shetterly tells us that her mother, along with four of her schoolmates fresh out of high school, challenged the courses at John Carol University, one of the most renowned engineering colleges in the country. At the time, the late 30’s and early 40’s, the university was all male students and had the attitude that women were incapable of the higher math skills required to design and produce well-engineered machinery, equipment, and buildings. These women met and conquered that challenge.
Her mom met her father there but they sent him off to build bridges in France during WWII. When he returned with a purple heart they produced and raised eight children. As the last of them were ready to leave the nest, Shetterly’s mother went back to college and impressed so many people that NASA took notice and invited her to travel the country and give lectures on the importance of research and analysis of data related to the aerodynamics and trajectories required for space flight.
This amazing historical novel that has shown me the challenges that these women faced and the added fact that these remarkable women were of African American descent touched me on a deeply emotional level and I give all my praise and thanks to Margaret Lee Shetterly for bringing to the world an awareness of what these truly heroic and determined women accomplished. These women were raising families, dealing with segregation in school as well as in the workplace, and on top of this they solved and computed some of the most difficult and amazing mathematical equations to ever be used by humankind.
By reading the prologue alone I was completely engaged in what this incredible novel tells us about America and the sacrifice and ingenuity it has taken to make this country the amazing nation it is today. Shetterly crafts an incredible narrative of the personal lives and the families who worked so hard to improve not only themselves but the people around them as well as our country. She follows this incredible novel with an epilogue that sums it up so well. Having done that she gives us acknowledgments and credits for all who helped create a book that I will never forget.
Afterwards, there are several pages that give reference to where to find specific information throughout the book. Highly recommended reading for all and I’m happy to say it has become a major motion picture.
Please feel free to comment.
(edited by OrcasOnline)
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Do you find that center time is one of the noisiest times of your school day? Sometimes it’s the students voices that is the problem, but other times it’s the clanging and banging of manipulatives that is contributing to the rise in decibel levels in your room. Sponges will help this problem. You can easily make Base 10 blocks from sponges. They are quiet and have a fun texture that I’m sure your students will love! Here’s a parent note asking for donations of sponges. Click to get your copy:
I used Base 10 block sponges, in my Travels in Math – math center. This is a quick and easy center to set up. The packet comes with 10 assignments which I recommend stapling into a book. The math books can be kept in the math center. Put a number label at the top of the front cover of the math books and train your students to keep the books in number order. There is an assignment sign that you hang by the center to remind your students which page they need to complete in their book. Here is a copy of the number labels:
I used BD cartoon shout font to make these labels. That is a free font that you can download from several different sites on the internet.
Here’s a sneak peek of the Travels in Math – math center:
The packet comes with 10 assignment pages.
There are addition and subtraction problems with regrouping.
There is a math mat to use with Base 10 blocks.
Assignment sign to remind students which page they need to complete.
Cut these picture apart and hang them on the assignment sign.
This packet is available at my TPT store for $3.


“Children who regularly play outdoors tend to be fitter and leaner, develop stronger immune systems, play more creatively, have more active imaginations, report lower stress levels, and demonstrate greater respect for themselves and others.” (Fjørtoft 2004; Burdette & Whitaker 2005).
At Little Gate, our outdoor classrooms are a meaningful and powerful part of our environment. These outdoor experiences include a rock box station - for heavy work - lifting, pouring, and sifting; a green grass field for running, chasing, kicking balls, and team building games; a playground structure for climbing, leaping, sliding and balancing, as well as large outdoor blocks for building -- all gross motor play skills necessary for growth and development. Our students also spend time on a large wooden deck under the shade of our 24-year-old cypress tree, Windy. This deck is a wonderful place for storytelling, dancing, singing and a great deal of imaginative play.
In order for our students to observe the life cycle in nature first hand, our large butterfly garden includes many native plants which attract a large variety of butterflies and insects. The Mary Alice Quinn '54 Butterfly Garden is a nature lover’s delight and is a special space for trike riding, dramatic play, climbing, gathering and creating.
The willow dome in the garden is the perfect spot for tea parties and imaginative gatherings. In the mud pie kitchen, the children love to bake pies with fresh herbs from the herb garden and our bike path includes hills, thoughtfully created so children can ride alongside the soaring butterflies. Plants have been placed so our children at their eye level, can quickly spy aphids, eggs, and pupae. Anyone with an impressive find of these treasures has the job of showing off his or her findings to their teachers and peers!


Writing a proper essay is challenging because it is a product of rigorous mental activity. This is very useful especially when it comes to planning an essay. There are several key steps in planning an essay and they involve the following.
The first step is to analyze the essay topic. It is important to first understand the topic one is dealing with so that, one can be able to have an idea of what the topic is all about. This enables the writer to gather information and hence make notes.
Going over all the information that has been acquired is important after writing down all the gathered notes that have been collected, it is important that the writer goes over them and make sure they are in accordance with the topic which is being tackled.
Identifying the key points among the collected points, others may be related and may be similar hence can be combined. The very important points should be identified and written down, so that they can be expounded on, when the essay will be written and used as a topic sentence.
A proper sequence of the gathered materials is required to properly structure and organize the information. How one organizes information will be determined by the material itself as well as, the purpose in writing the essay hence the essay will require that one seriously considers which the best mode of presenting the ideas to bring out the required message.
A tentative outline should be drawn after getting the sequence in which to present the essay, one will organize the point of view in the manner that one feels will be the most convincing to the reader. For example one may choose order of most to least important to most important. Or could opt for a different order altogether.


The best offense is often a good defense, and that’s certainly the case when doing battle against corn diseases. An effective game plan starts with early scouting for weeds, followed by a focused and timely fungicide attack.
By: Darrell Smith
, Farm Journal Conservation and Machinery Editor
The lesions start out small (left), but in a matter of weeks, northern corn leaf blight grows into a longish cigar shape (right). Northern corn leaf blight lesions will cross veins in the leaf, unlike gray leaf spot lesions.
If corn growers compiled a list of their greatest corn disease threats, gray leaf spot, northern corn leaf blight, southern corn leaf blight and Goss’s bacterial wilt would be right at the top. Gray leaf spot would earn its ranking because it’s so widespread. Northern and southern corn leaf blight can sneak in and take you by surprise. Goss’s wilt is moving into new areas at an unprecedented rate.
All those diseases can slash yield. "They attack corn leaves, which function like a plant’s solar panels, taking in energy that is used to produce food," says Farm Journal Field Agronomist Ken Ferrie. "When leaves are damaged or killed, it affects ear size, stalk quality and standability because when the plant can no longer manufacture food, it cannibalizes itself."
Knowledge is power. You can defend your corn fields from the big four yield threats by understanding the diseases, scouting fields and following a disease management plan. Information Ferrie gleaned from his own disease demonstrations in 2013 in the field and in the laboratory can help you. (See Tailgate Talk on page 104 for more.)
Here’s a closer look at the big four corn diseases:
Varying degrees of gray leaf spot resistance are evident on leaves from five hybrids.
Gray leaf spot. Gray leaf spot (GLS) roughly spans from Minnesota to Louisiana and from Texas to Pennsylvania. "It can range from a moderate infestation to a devastating yield robber," Ferrie says.
GLS symptoms don’t show up until just before tasseling. "You probably won’t be able to identify it with your scouting manual until corn is moving into the reproductive stage," Ferrie says.
"Depending on your locality, GLS has been described as both a cool- and warm-season disease. We’ve found it’s tied more to humidity than to temperature. GLS needs high humidity and wet leaves—wet nights, rainy days and heavy dews—to start the process."
Researchers at Iowa State University found that, once gray leaf spot spores germinate on a leaf, it grows on the leaf surface after the humidity reaches 95%, says Jim Dodd of Professional Seed Research in Sugar Grove, Ill. At lower humidity, growth declines, but it resumes again if humidity passes 95%.
"It might continue to do this for at least 96 hours (cumulative) of 95% humidity before it actually penetrates the leaf," Dodd says. "That makes gray leaf spot an excellent fit for most of the Corn Belt, especially in river bottoms."
GLS lesions are gray and rectangular in shape. "The lesions remain between the leaf veins—they don’t cross them," Ferrie says. "That’s important for diagnosis. There’s a yellow halo at the end of the lesion.
"Early on, it is difficult to tell symptoms of GLS, eyespot and southern leaf blight apart," Ferrie says. "As you get farther along, they separate out."
GLS inoculum harbors in residue. "It can be in the stalk or leaves, buried or on the surface," Ferrie says. "The inoculum builds up over time, so the threat of GLS is worse in continuous corn. Yields might seem OK for awhile because infected plants might not die until late in the season. But if you plant a susceptible hybrid after inoculum has built up to a high level, the disease can devastate the crop.
"Anything you can do to reduce the amount of residue helps manage GLS. Crop rotation can help," Ferrie continues. "But a corn/soybean rotation may not eliminate the buildup of residue over time, especially if you do not till between corn and soybeans."
Selecting GLS-resistant hybrids is very important. "Be careful if you decide to switch to shorter-season hybrids because of a late spring," Ferrie cautions. "In that situation, seed companies bring northern hybrids south. You don’t find as much GLS resistance in hybrids sold in northern areas because GLS is less of a problem as you go north."
Fungicides are effective on GLS, but severe infestations might require multiple applications.
"Group 11 (strobilurin) fungicides seem to be more effective on GLS than Group 3 (triazole) fungicides," Ferrie says. "If you have other diseases in addition to GLS, you will need a tank mix. A tank mix of Group 11 and Group 3 fungicides will be more effective on GLS than a Group 3 product alone but less effective than a Group 11 product."
Northern corn leaf blight. As its name suggests, northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is more common in northern areas. "The disease can show up any time you have cool, moist conditions," Ferrie says. "To become a big problem, it needs a cool, wet spring followed by a cool, moist summer—what many Corn Belt farmers experienced in 2013.
"NCLB causes problems as far south as southern Texas and even Brazil," Dodd says. "I think it is not as much a cool temperature requirement of the pathogen but the genetics of hybrids traditionally used in those areas.
The northern corn leaf blight now harboring in corn residue is a different strain from the one your father fought, Ferrie notes. "The seed industry found hybrids resistant to the HT1 NCLB gene. NCLB almost went extinct, but it came back in the 1980s, became more aggressive in the 1990s and once again is capable of damaging yield. Now we are dealing with the HT2 NCLB gene, and very few hybrids have a high degree of resistance.
"NCLB is most common from central Illinois north," Ferrie says. "Seed produced for those regions contain more built-in resistance because of the environment in which they are bred.
"Seed companies rate their hybrids for NCLB tolerance. In catalogs produced for the south, where the disease is not common, the rating may not be listed, so Southern growers may have to ask their seed rep for the rating."
Since NCLB isn’t usually a problem in the South, Southern growers need to be on guard when conditions are cool and moist. If it shows up, apply a fungicide and shift to a more resistant hybrid next year, Ferrie advises.
NCLB produces lesions that start out small and grow into a longish cigar shape. "When you find NCLB in your fields, manage it aggressively," Ferrie says. "It can do more damage in less time than gray leaf spot because the desiccated leaf area is larger. We sometimes have to spray before and after pollination to control the disease. NCLB can be controlled by Group 3 and Group 11 fungicides."
Like GLS, NCLB builds up over time in residue. "The more continuous corn you grow, the more susceptibility you have, even with tillage," Ferrie says.
Southern corn leaf blight. When the environment is moist—wet leaves and 70°F to 90°F temperatures—southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) is lurking. "The disease is more common in the South," Ferrie says, "But in 2012, we had quite a bit of SCLB in the Midwest because of weather conditions."
SCLB is a mid-season disease, showing up from mid-whorl to maturity. It can show up earlier than gray leaf spot. Like most diseases carried over in residue, it starts in the lower leaves and works its way up the plant.
These photos show three stages of southern corn leaf blight. Early on, the lesions can be confused with gray leaf spot, but they are gold in color, rather than gray.
Early season symptoms are similar to gray leaf spot. "But SCLB lesions can be oblong as well as rectangular like GLS, and they can cross leaf veins," Ferrie says. "Its lesions are tan, brown or gold in color."
In inoculation studies, Ferrie found that, once a plant is infected, SCLB symptoms show up within days—no extended warm temperatures required. "Even the resistant hybrids showed early symptoms," he says. "But with susceptible hybrids, the disease really took off and moved up the plant after the second- or third-generation reinfestation as the disease developed."
SCLB also harbors in residue. "But it doesn’t survive well when the residue is incorporated," Ferrie says.
At least one fungicide is labeled for control of SCLB, in addition to some protectant products. Protectants must be applied before the disease strikes.
Goss’s bacterial wilt. Common to Nebraska, Goss’s wilt is on the move. The National Plant Diagnostics Network says it also has been found in South Dakota, North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and (most recently) Louisiana, as well as Canada.
"A mild infestation of Goss’s wilt will take 50 bu. to 60 bu. off your yield," Ferrie continues. "But it can take 100 bu. if it hits at the right time."
Unlike the other three diseases, which are caused by fungi, Goss’s wilt is caused by bacteria. "Bacteria can’t enter a plant by themselves," Ferrie says. "They need an entrance created by an injury from hail, sandblasting, insects or wind damage. So a hail storm on top of a moderate infestation of Goss’s wilt can multiply the effects.
"The disease may be present on the plant from the V3 or V4 stage, but if an injury occurs, the plant may suddenly become infected. It can kill an entire field before it matures."
Goss’s wilt can occur from corn’s early vegetative (V) stages through ear fill. Its optimum temperature is 80°F.
"The disease’s development is related to daily temperature and moisture levels in May and June," Ferrie says "It prefers moist conditions. That’s what starts the infection. But you don’t see the results until July, August or even harvesttime. If weather turns hot and dry after infection occurs, progress of the disease slows down, but by then, the damage is already done, and plants may die prematurely. Many growers saw that happen in 2011."
Symptoms include wilting, if the disease is severe, leaf lesions, blighting, leaf necrosis and reduced ear size. "Because the infection is tied to May and June weather when ear size is being determined, you may find ears with only 10 or 12 rows of kernels and only 20 or 30 kernels per row, similar to phosphorus deficiency. Plants may die prematurely. Plants are susceptible at all growth stages," Ferrie says.
The disease survives in surface residue, so you might see the worst infestation in low areas where residue has washed in or where it blows from one field to another. "It also can spread by seed infestation," Ferrie says. "Some grasses serve as hosts. Besides residue, the bacteria can survive for a short time in irrigation water.
"If a continuous corn grower suffers a substantial yield reduction that he can’t account for, he should consider the possibility of Goss’s wilt," Ferrie says. "It’s difficult to identify in the fall after plants have died. So you need to scout and be alert for early symptoms."
Because inoculum survives on crop residue, Goss’s bacterial wilt can be most severe in low areas where residue has washed in.
Because Goss’s wilt is caused by bacteria, little chemical control is available. Hybrid selection is the most crucial control measure, followed by crop rotation and residue management.
"Seed companies have different ways of managing Goss’s wilt," Ferrie says. "Some do not sell any hybrids that do not contain a certain level of resistance. Others market susceptible hybrids in areas where Goss’s wilt has not been found. So check with your seed company representative to make sure you select a resistant hybrid."
Keep Disease Threat in Perspective
Although leaf diseases are scary, don’t let them prevent you from selecting high-yielding hybrids. "For corn breeders, disease resistance and yield sometimes are a trade-off," says Farm Journal Field Agronomist Ken Ferrie. "The hybrid with the highest disease resistance score might not have the highest yield. Select your hybrid based on yield, then manage the disease.
"In our trials, we have seen situations where the hybrid most resistant to a certain disease yielded 30 bu. per acre less than a susceptible hybrid," Ferrie continues. "If you plant the high-yielding hybrid and disease takes 15 bu. off your yield, you’re still 15 bu. ahead.
"If you plant a susceptible hybrid, manage the disease by planting it in fields where that disease has not been a problem. Rotate crops, manage the residue, scout for the disease and apply a fungicide, if needed."
There are situations where disease resistance will take priority over yield, Ferrie notes. Examples include diseases for which there are no effective treatments, such as Goss’s bacterial wilt, and corn planted next to housing developments, where you might not want to apply a fungicide.


Share 'Neanderthal genome may hold clues to human survival'
Neanderthal genome may hold clues to human survival
By Susan Lunn, CBC News
Svante Paabo holds a reconstructed skull of a Neanderthal. Paabo, a Swedish geneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, is nearly finished mapping the DNA of the Neanderthal - DNA which exists in small amounts in modern humans. (Frank Vinken/Max Planck Gesellschaft)…
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Sara Terry Nutrition Diet Paper High blood pressure, hypertension, effects more than 65 million people, or 1 out of every3 people. Another 59 million people are have hypertension which is a slight increase in blood pressure which can lead to serious health problems (Nhibi.nih.gov, 2013). High blood pressure is dangerous because it can harden artery walls, make the heart pump harder and can cause the brain to hemorrhage. If not controlled, the consequences of living a life with high blood pressure can lead to heart and kidney disease, stroke and blindness. The DASH diet is often suggested to people suffering from hypertension and focuses on portion size, eating a variety of foods and getting the right amount of nutrients
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To help in weight loss it is suggested that a person would be moderately physically active for at least 30 minutes on most days of the week. Some precaution to keep in mind is by adding high fiber foods one could have certain effects such as gas, bloating and diarrhea. It is important to stay well hydrated and increase water intake or it could cause constipation. Also, the increase in potassium may be a problem for persons with kidney problems so like most diets it is always best to consult a doctor before starting. The reason why I chose this diet plan is that I suffer from hypertension. It developed while I was pregnant for my son and it has never reversed. The DASH diet plan has been suggested to me by my doctor while I continue to take medication as well. Although the articles state that this is not geared for a weight loss diet they all stated that while changing your diet, weigh loss is probable. The diet is safe and effective compared to some on the market because it does not involve supplements or food plans other then what is readily available, it is just about making healthier choices. The Mayo clinic suggests changing gradually, rewarding success and forgiving sip ups, adding physical activity and getting support. The only downfall I can see is the cost of fresher and leaner foods, but it would worth it for my family’s sake.


Health systems in Kenya are constrained by insufficient financial resources, a shortage and poor distribution of healthcare workers, weaknesses in legislation and information systems and a lack of management and other technical expertise. Strengthening the health system is at the core of the Government of Kenya’s reform agenda according to the Kenya Health Policy 2014-2030.
Stewardship combines leadership, management and governance – and is arguably the most complex but critical building block of any health system. It is about the role of the government in healthcare as well as its relation to other actors whose activities impact on healthcare. This course will provide the opportunity to acquire up-to-date knowledge about health systems and the right skills set for evidence-based planning, management, and financing for quality improvement.
Strengthening the health system is at the core of Ministry of Health in Africa reform agenda. This short course particularly responds to the need for leading health stewards to push this reform agenda to the next level. It is about the role of the government in health as well as its relation to other actors whose activities impact on health.
Changes in health systems strengthening efforts, especially through leadership training and team training approaches, have been associated with changes in service delivery in healthcare settings or in health outcomes. The lack of effective leadership and governance (stewardship) in the health sector has remained a major challenge in most low- to middle-income countries particularly in the rural and hard to reach areas. These areas usually have less accessible and available skilled HRH has huge health needs but with minimal resources to address the need.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES/INTERVENTION AREAS
The course provided one with the opportunity to acquire up –to date knowledge about health systems and the right skills sets for evidence-based planning, management and financing to integrate all ingredients of well performing health system for improved health outcomes.


A Study of Adsorption and leachability of Monuron on Five Soils and Implications Concerning Groundwater Contamination
Publication Date : 31/01/2020
The aim of this study was to determine monuron herbicide contamination in surface and ground water. The adsorption of herbicide on five soils of different characteristics has been carried out by using a batch equilibrium technique at two different temperatures viz 25oC and 35oC. A spectrophotometric methodology has been developed based on the reaction of dimethyl amine (formed from hydrolysis of monuron with potassium tert.-butoxide) with carbon disulphide and nickel (II) acetate to form methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) extractable yellow nickel(II) dimethyl dithiocarbamate [Ni(DTC)2] complex showing λmax at 428 nm for this purpose. The molar absorptivity (ε) and Sandell’s sensitivity were found to be 3.35x103L/mol cm and 0.059µg/cm2 respectively. The leaching potential has been evaluated by Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) and the values obtained in the range 2.88-3.07 classify as leacher pesticide thereby could endanger live of aquatic environment and consumers. Thus, necessitate it for judicious use to reduce contamination risk to ecosystem.
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DESCRIBE gathers information on the result-set or dynamic variable specifications in a prepared statement and places the information in an SQL descriptor area.
Information concerning the prepared statement identified by statement-name is placed in the named SQL descriptor area.
The two forms: DESCRIBE statement... and DESCRIBE OUTPUT statement... are equivalent, and gather information on the items in the result-set of the statement and places it in the SQL descriptor area.
DESCRIBE INPUT statement... describes the statement's input and output variables.
DESCRIBE OUTPUT statement... describes the result-set returned by the statement.
If descriptions of both the result-set and the input variables are required for a prepared statement, the statement must be described separately with each form of DESCRIBE.
The descriptor-name is identified by a host variable or a literal.
See ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR for a description of the SQL descriptor area.
See ALLOCATE CURSOR for a description of extended statements.
See also, GET DESCRIPTOR.
The DESCRIBE statement is only applicable to dynamically prepared SQL statements.
ExamplesEXEC SQL DESCRIBE OUTPUT stmt2 USING SQL DESCRIPTOR :SQLA1; EXEC SQL DESCRIBE INPUT 'stmt X1' USING SQL DESCRIPTOR 'DescrIn';
For more information, see the Mimer SQL Programmer's Manual, Describing Prepared Statements.
Mimer Information Technology AB
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Fax: +46 18 780 92 40


Writing Numbers – Periods or Commas?
One of the most common mistakes I see when proofreading bilingual annual reports (German/English) is that the periods and commas are placed incorrectly as delimiters in numbers and figures.
When writing figures, German speakers sometimes forget that the symbols used are different in German and English. In both German and in US/UK English, commas and points are used; they are, however, placed differently in the two languages.
Please note that there are different conventions when it comes to writing numbers, both in German (e.g. Duden or DIN standard DIN 5008), and in the different versions of English (UK, Canada, South Africa, etc.). For the sake of clarity I have boiled this complex topic down to the following rules for German and US/UK English when it comes to writing figures, e.g. in multilingual financial reports:
1. Symbol for the “decimal separator”
- In German: „EUR 999,50“ or „EUR 2,5 Millionen“
- In English: “EUR 999.50” or “EUR 2.5 million”
Notice how in UK/US English a decimal point, and not a comma, is placed as separator before the cents (the fractional part of the decimal number).
2. Symbol for the “thousands separator”
- In German: „US-$ 400.456,50“
- In English: “US-$ 400,456.50”
Notice how in US/UK English a comma, and not a point, is placed as a 3-digit group separator.
By the way:
To avoid confusion, especially in international documents, in recent years the use of spaces for digit grouping (preferably a "thin space") has been advocated in numerous German and English style sheets and standards. Example:
- In English: “The yearly water consumption in New York is 42 705 gallons on average per capita.”
- In German: „Der jährliche Wasserverbrauch in New York beträgt durchschnittlich 161 655 Liter pro Kopf.“
Which brings me to the next challenge: Different international measuring units – but that's another story for another day!
What is an Oxford comma?In a list of three or more items, the Oxford comma (also known as the serial comma or the Harvard comma) is the comma used immediately before a grammatical conjunction (usually “and” / “or”) preceding the final item in the list. For German native speakers, the use of the Oxford comma is a common source of confusion. For, according to German grammar, using a serial comma is a capital sin.
Example with Oxford comma:
We have subsidiaries in France, Russia, and China.
Example without Oxford comma:
We have subsidiaries in France, Russia and China.
Why is the Oxford comma sometimes used in English?One main reason for the use of the Oxford comma is to reduce ambiguity. Look at the following example that remains ambiguous without an Oxford comma:
I immediately called my superiors, Sally and Michael.
This sentence could either mean that the speaker called his superiors, as well as Sally and Michael, or that Sally and Michael are in fact the speaker’s superiors. By using an Oxford comma in this sentence, one could clarify that one means the former: I immediately called my superiors, Sally, and Michael.
Who uses the Oxford comma?This is hard to say. It is not a question of British vs. US English. For example, the Oxford Style Manual (2002) and the Chicago Manual of Style (2003) support the mandatory use of the Oxford comma, while The New York Times stylebook and The Economist style manual oppose it. In her bestseller Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation (2003), Lynne Truss sums up the issue nicely: “There are people who embrace the Oxford comma, and people who don't, and I'll just say this, never get between these people when drink has been taken” (p. 84).
To make a long story short:
As a German native speaker you don’t have to use the Oxford comma when writing English, but be aware of the fact that it may be used in English and that, depending on the sentence, it can be very helpful to reduce ambiguity.