Taking viewer requests!
Leave a problem you would like to see solved and I'll pick one for the next video. Rational numbers only and one variable (it can have multiple X's but not X's and Y's).
I like to convert fractions to decimals when I can so 55/10 = 5.5
697 = 17x
41 = x
Yeah I want the same problem as Taylor 😀
I've played "Oh Snap"... it's really fun!
Problem to solve-
Oooo we have a contender for the video challenge....
Um, I think some of my brain cells died just looking at it.
This is a really dumb question, but why is PEMDAS backwards? And when you are checking your work, why did you do PEMDAS normaly?
Good movie, by the way.
We are working the problem backwards to figure out what x value would work. Then when we check to see if it does work we are working through the problem like normal so PEMDAS is normal.
I like the videos but they are what we learned in class and get boring:(
*if you cant do 3 equal signs, just do you first two*
I can try to do some before we learn it in class. Also, some students forget so it seems to help. I am open to suggestions for video ideas.
You can only have multiple equal signs if you are sure each part is actually equal, meaning you know the value of x works. If you just wrote random numbers then it won't work. For example:
9 + x = 15 - x = 4x
this could be solved to find x = 3 and it works.
Um, that too.
Thanks, this really helped me with my homework
Great! It gets easier the more you practice.
1/3 comments great video as always. it made a little sense but im sure in class tomorrow ill understand it more.
so since i wasn't in class today and i told Mr Bigsby at lunch he said as my homework i had to watch the video 3 times and comment about the video 3 times
2/3 time seen the vedio and coment so this time it made more sense the 2nd time buut im still a little confused
I agree with Ali
3/3 so i think i understand it now i kept pausing it just to just make sure i knew what was happening in the video thanks mr bigsby c u tomorrow in class
I'm glad you watched it more than once, I knew it would make more sense each time. We will practice in class the next couple days.
Sorry this is late I just got home from theater...
I LOVE MARBLES!!!! (The store)
This helped because I was a little confused today
This helped alot because I was not here today
Didn't really understand what happened in class, but watching this helped me get through my homework faster for sure.
Sorry i couldnt get to do this yesterday it wouldnt let me get to the website
I need more practice 😁
I definetly understand how much easier it is to do Inverse Operation. I always thought it would be harder.
I need to practice
This is another one but hiiiii
NOW I GET IT
hi. why are there a bunch of little squares where an emoji should be. im on windows computer
That game looks like fun but wont it hurt when the bar hits your hand
Can we do inverse operations in other functions than a linear function?


The World Health Organization has estimated that approximately 600 million people fall ill after consuming contaminated food each year.
This means food safety is a public health concern that must be taken very seriously. This is also why the law requires all food serving, preparing, and manufacturing businesses to train their employees on the safe preparation, cooking, and handling of food.
Below, we’ve outlined common food safety hazards as well as why encouraging safety training in the workplace is important.
Common Food Safety Hazards
Food poisoning and allergic reactions are two of the most common food safety hazards.
Most foodborne illnesses — such as typhoid fever, dysentery, and hepatitis, result from food handling mistakes, including bad personal hygiene or contaminated food preparation surfaces.
To prevent your customers from these diseases, it is crucial to train your staff on:
The causes of food poisoning (bacteria, toxins, and viruses)
How to identify high-risk foods or potentially hazardous foods such as raw meat
How food can become contaminated
How to safely store, prepare, thaw, cook, and serve food
How to effectively clean and sanitize surfaces, equipment, and utensils
The importance of proper personal hygiene
This is where food safety training comes in. If every employee undergoes a Food Handler Certification course, you can rest assured that they have the skills and knowledge required to handle food properly and can uphold high standards of cleanliness while at work.
Exposure to food allergens can cause anaphylactic shock, which is notorious for being fatal. A majority of serious allergic reactions occur through food eaten at restaurants, which indicates that many food businesses are still falling behind when it comes to allergen management.
To prevent your customers from potentially life-threatening allergic reactions, you must ensure your employees:
Understand some of the most common food allergens as outlined in this food allergen chart
Know that food allergies can be life-threatening and should be taken seriously
Know how to communicate with the customer regarding food allergies
Take all precautions to prepare a safe meal
Know how to recognize the symptoms of an allergic reaction
Know how to respond in case a customer develops an allergic reaction
Understand how cross-contamination with food allergens can occur and how to prevent it
Keep in mind that an anaphylactic shock is not the only type of food allergy. Many people have milder forms of food allergy — such as gluten-allergy in celiac disease patients — and it’s important to take them as seriously as an anaphylactic shock.
The Importance of Food Handling Training at the Workplace
When serving food to the public, you bear an enormous responsibility for the health and safety of your customers and your staff.
The specific content of a food training course depends on the training level, but in general, it should cover safe practices in preparing, cooking, and handling food.
Some essential subjects include:
Introduction to food safety terminology
Food safety regulations
Recognizing food safety hazards
Proper cleaning and sanitation methods
Employee safety practices
Contamination and how to prevent it
Common allergens and prevention
Proper food storage
Here are four reasons why teaching all of these topics to your staff is crucial:
1. It’s Good for Business Growth
If your food is giving somebody food poisoning or sending them into anaphylactic shock, that will hardly be great for your brand image. Any negative reviews about your business’s safety and hygiene standards can cause serious financial losses and damage your business’s reputation.
If your business receives repetitive customer complaints or fails a health inspection check, you’ll be obligated to pay hefty fines and in serious circumstances can even be held legally responsible for harming a customer.
On the other hand, if you invest time and resources into an extensive food handling training program, you can help ensure the safety of your customers and staff, protect your brand image and reputation, prevent customer complaints and negative reviews, and avoid serious consequences like costly fines or business closure.
Having a well-trained, competent, and knowledgeable team of employees at the helm also allows you to take a step back from day-to-day operations such as cleaning and sanitation and focus on growing your business instead.
2. It’s a Legal Requirement
Food handling training is critical for a business’s success but is also a legal requirement. If you serve food to the public in any form, you are recognized as a food business under the law and must adhere to all food safety training regulations.
Organizations that fail to implement proper food safety training (and the safe practices that result from it) risk breaching food safety legislation. In severe cases, businesses can be shut down if there’s a high safety risk. Business owners and employees can also face hefty fines, penalties, and jail sentences if there’s a gross breach of reasonable care.
Importantly, food handling regulations are constantly being revised, and it’s essential to stay updated with local legislation to ensure your business complies with all requirements.
3. It Reduces Food Waste
Poor food handling practices can result in a significant waste of food supplies, which in turn can lead to financial losses. This is why it’s important to train your employees on the correct food handling procedures, such as temperature control, proper storage methods, and understanding ‘best-before’ dates to help prevent food waste.
4. It Helps Protect Your Staff
Food handling training is essential not just for the safety of your consumers, but also for your staff. A busy restaurant kitchen can be a high-risk place, and every employee must be properly trained on safety and correct usage of kitchen equipment to ensure they do not suffer any injuries while at work. Examples of such injuries include:
Burns from cooking equipment
Cuts from food preparation
Muscle strain from lifting heavy objects
Skin irritation/eye irritation from cleaning agents and hazardous chemicals
Back and leg strain from standing for a long time
This means it might be a good idea to incorporate safety training in your food handling training efforts at the workplace.
We hope this article has made it clear why teaching food handling to your employees is so important.
With the right training and safety measures in place, you can ensure the safety of your customers, staff, and business.
So take the time to invest in designing an effective food handling training program today!
About the author
Eva Maria Hanson, Digital Food Safety Specialist
My mission in FoodDocs is to reverse the misconception of people thinking about food safety as the most boring or scary topic in the business. My target is to educate and inspire everyone who sells or serves food about food safety.


In grammar a complement – not to be confused with a compliment! – is a way to provide more information about the subject or the object of a sentence.
He is gorgeous!
Did you like the present she gave you?
A complement completes an idea, whether this is expressed with a phrase, a clause or a word.
When the complement refers to the subject of a sentence we talk about subject complement. When it refers to the object we talk about object complement.
A subject complement completes the subject by giving it a quality or a name.
This meat smells funny when you cook it.
Funny gives a quality to the subject (the meat).
Her mother became the center of all the village gossip.
the center of all the village gossip gives a name to the subject (her mother).
When a complement gives a subject a quality, it is usually an adjective, or an adjectival phrase.
I am exhausted
The poor little boy broke his leg on his birthday.
When a complement gives a subject a name, it is usually a noun, a noun phrase or a noun clause.
Even an innocent pair of sunglasses can become a weapon.
This is not a car! It is a ridiculously old, smelly contraption.
The question is how do we get out of this mess now.
Subject complements usually follow linking verbs like: be, seem, look, become, appear, feel, grow, smell, taste, sound etc.
She is very young.
Her homemade cookies soon became popular.
That dog smells awful.
Object complements follow the direct object. In general, verbs which have to do with perceiving, judging, or changing something can cause their direct objects to take an object complement.
They have painted their kitchen green.
The witness called him a liar.
The police caught him driving fast.
Phrases in English Grammar – what is considered a phrase and how many types there are
Clauses in English Grammar – all about clauses – formation, types, examples
Adjectival Phrases in English – what they are and how to identify them
Noun Phrases in English Grammar – all about another common type of phrase


Cucumber is a popular vegetable (technically a fruit) that’s been praised for it’s anti-inflammatory and detoxing effects. Unfortunately, not all of these benefits are as miraculous as you may have heard.
Many articles boasting the health benefits of cucumber are deceiving. They look at the roles of the nutrients found in cucumber, but the studies they look at test far greater quantities of these nutrients compared to what you’d find in an entire cucumber, let alone a normal serving size.
While cucumbers are low in most vitamins and minerals, they contain cucurbitacin E. This compound has some anti-inflammatory properties, and may reduce the risk of developing certain cancers.
It’s also a good source of vitamin K, which is an essential vitamin for blood clotting.
One of the benefits of cucumber is the high percentage of water. Cucumbers are 95% water. Most people are not getting adequate water intake, and are experiencing some level of dehydration.
Getting enough water in your diet can help with weight loss (helping you feel fuller and reducing food cravings), aid digestive health, and even improve mood and energy levels.
Adding sliced cucumber to water is another way to add flavour to a water, which may help encourage adequate water consumption.
Cucumbers are generally a healthy choice (unless you’re allergic or cannot tolerate them for another reason). They can help keep you hydrated, keep you feeling full longer, and they promote healthy digestion. Not every food you eat has to be packed with vitamins and minerals.


Generative Music is a term coined by Brian Eno. Eno's goal was to create music with a form of randomization where a piece of music would not repeat itself, in turn, providing a soundscape that is also unique and different after every listen. In Brain Eno's day, he used multiple tape loop systems playing at varying speeds to produce this randomization in his music. With modern technology such as Ableton's Live, that provides MIDI effects with randomizing and chance tools, we are able to effectively produce generative music.
It is extremely rewarding to listen to a piece you have created that is never the same the next time around. So, in this tutorial I will show you how to create a generative piece of music using only one MIDI note, and a selection of Ableton's MIDI and Audio effects.
Step 1 - The First MIDI Steps
First, insert a MIDI Track using Shift-Cmd-T. Create a MIDI clip on this Track. Draw in a note at C3. This one MIDI note will generate all the random MIDI notes for our generative piece.
Next up, let's create a MIDI Rack and add some MIDI effects to create this randomness: Drag the MIDI Effect Rack under the MIDI Effects folder and onto the MIDI Track.
Drag the Random MIDI effect to create a chain on the MIDI Rack.
Within the Random Effect, increase the Chance to 100%, and the Choice to 12. This will generate some random MIDI notes, where you can tweak the settings later to your desire to allow more notes with the Choice parameter.
Next up is the Scale MIDI effect. Choosing a scale allows the MIDI notes to correlate to a musical progression so that the MIDI notes make musical sense. I have chosen the C Major scale.
Finally, we need some Velocity MIDI Effects to trigger the different MIDI notes that are generated. With the first Velocity Effect, increase the Random parameter to 64, and change both the Out Hi and Out Low to 64. For the Range, dial in 0 and 127. Under Mode, select Gate.
On the next Velocity do the same with the Mode, Random, and Out Hi and Out Low parameters. This time change the Range to 0 and 64. This will create some randomness with the MIDI note velocities.
Ok, so you have come this far, but there is still some more randomness to go!
Step 2 - Add more Randomness
Just to keep it more interesting let's add another MIDI Effect Rack. This one will have two chains and will allow us to create more chance effects, when specific parameters are met.
On the first Chain I have added a Velocity MIDI Effect. Increase the Random parameter to 64. Set the Mode to Gate. Change the Out Hi and Out Low both to 64 again. Now dial in a random number for the ranges. I have chosen 0 and 46.
For the second Chain, add another Velocity MIDI Effect and dial in the settings below (I have chosen a random range again):
I have added a Pitch Effect of +12 to the second chain so that there are different pitches to the MIDI notes received by the second Chain.
Step 3 - Time for Audio Instruments
Now it's time to assign the MIDI to some audio source. Create an Instrument Rack (Drop the Instrument Rack under the Instrument Folder to just after the MIDI Effects. I am going to create 3 chains within the Audio Instrument Rack with 3 different sound sources. First I have used the Analog Triangle from the Live 7 Legacy sample pack (which can be downloaded from the Ableton site here). This instrument is found under Simpler > Live 7 Legacy > Spectral. I have enabled Loop on the Simpler, so that the sample is continually looping back and creating a continuous sound that does not end abruptly.
For my second Chain in the Instrument Rack I have added the Digital Sine, which can also be found in the Live 7 Legacy Pack. I have adjusted the volume between the two Simpler sounds in the Instrument Rack. For the Digital Sine I have also enabled the Loop on the Simpler.
For my last Chain I have added the Kit 808 Drum Rack (Drum Rack > Kit > Kit-808), This will add some random drum hits, which will give my generative piece an element of attack at times. I have added a Pitch MIDI Effect, and pitched it down -31st so that you can hear some of the drums hit in the drum range. After the drums I have added a Redux plugin to downsample the drum sound, and a PingPong delay to get the drum hits to bounce around a bit.
Press play and take a listen to your random Generative piece. Isn't quite amazing what can be done using one MIDI note and a couple of Ableton's built-in effects with random and chance parameters?
Step 4 - Add Some Ambience
Now to add some ambience to the piece, let's create some Effects Sends and send some of their level to the audio. I have added a Simple Delay to Send 1 and a Reverb to Send 2. Remember to increase the Wet signal on the Reverb to 100% for the full reverb effect.
Next, increase the Send Levels on the MIDI Track to taste. I have added quite a good dose of delay and reverb to the audio to really give it that spacey, ambient feel.
How is that for generative ambience!
I have included my Ableton project file if you wish to tinker with it. Go crazy! You can add to it and add more chains and audio effects to build up the generative piece.
Generative Music is a great way to add spontaneity to your compositions. You could bounce a bit of this audio out and pull it back into an audio composition. The generative piece would create an audio file which you may not necessarily have thought of. It can really help when you are having those writer's block moments, and it can really freshen up the moment in any audio composition that may have needed something special and random.
This is only the tip of the iceberg with Ableton and its chance effects. You can incorporate Ableton's Chord and Arpegiator MIDI effects, and build up more MIDI Effect and Audio Racks. You could also use more MIDI clips that trigger different Racks and Effects. The options are endless. So give it a try and see what you come up with.
Continue the generative journey: PART 2 HERE.


Keep Learning this Summer
Keep the kids learning all summer long by visitng the library and taking field trips.Together, you and the child can decide on weekly themes and try these ideas.
Borrow a library book about the child's favorite topics such as oceans or outer space. For example, you might read The Ocean Alphabet Bookby Jerry Palotta or The Planetsby Gail Gibbons. For the child interested in the ocean take a field trip to the aquarium, tropical fish store and as an employee questions about the animals that live in the sea. Or, go to a planetarium or space museum for the child that loves outer space. Viewing hands-on exhibits, seeing shows, and reading plaques with help kids learn more while they are having fun.


Houseplants improve indoor air quality and can help reduce stress. However, when there are kids and pets in the home, it’s important to choose plant varieties that are safe. Some popular houseplants are toxic if consumed. If you enjoy caring for plants in your home, here are a few non-toxic houseplants that are safe for pets and children.
Easy to Care For Houseplants
Spider Plant is One of the Non-Toxic Houseplants
The spider plant is nearly impossible to kill. They prefer to dry out completely between waterings, so if you struggle to water frequently, this could be an ideal plant for you. The long leaves are attractive in hanging baskets. The plant isn’t toxic, but cats sometimes enjoy playing with the leaves so you might choose to hang your spider plant out of their reach.
Also known as Butterfly Palm, this plant can grow to a height of 6 feet and can live for ten years indoors. Care is simple. Keep the soil moist in the spring and summer months, and let the soil completely dry out between watering in the fall and winter. A palm prefers bright indirect light and usually needs to be re-potted every 2 to 3 years.
Another One of the Non-Toxic Houseplants is a Peperomia
A peperomia is another non-toxic houseplant option. Sometimes called a baby rubber plant, it can be either a deep green color or some have variegated leaves. Most types of peperomia should remain in medium to bright indirect light and the soil should be allowed to dry out between waterings.
Non-Toxic Houseplants That Appreciate Moisture
This type of fern thrives in indirect sunlight and humid environments, making it perfect for a corner of the bathroom. It absorbs the moisture from the air around it and the Boston fern prefers damp soil. It will need to be watered frequently.
Non-Toxic Houseplants That Enjoy Bright Light
African violets have small flowers and attractive leaves. They are finicky about water and won’t do well if over or underwatered. These houseplants enjoy bright light, but not direct sun and they need warm temperatures, between 65 and 75 degrees to bloom.
A Christmas cactus is named this because it usually blooms near the winter holidays. Avoid overwatering Christmas Cacti. This plant enjoys bright, indirect light. Provide some humidity and allow the soil to dry before watering again.


Textile, Caravaggio, 1925–40
This is a Textile. It was made by Societa Anonima Fortuny. It is dated 1925–40 and we acquired it in 1968. Its medium is cotton and its technique is weft-faced 4/1 satin, dyed and screen printed with discharge agent. It is a part of the Textiles department.
Named after the 17th century Italian painter, “Caravaggio” was designed in the spirit of the Italian Baroque with a pattern of pomegranates and heavy vegetal scrollwork foliate. Fortuny achieved the appearance of woven silk damask by printing on a satin weave fabric of long staple Egyptian cotton, which had a natural sheen, and creating depth through layered dye colors. While Fortuny was engrossed with history and preferred the softer colors of natural over synthetic dyes, he also innovated and patented several processes for printing, pleating, and finishing fabrics to create his antique looks through modern means. Because he used a variety of proprietary methods and often several techniques in one fabric, it is difficult to definitively attribute the technique used in each piece. This piece may have been made through a combination of stenciling, discharge printing, immersion dyeing and hand painting.
This narrower width was likely intended as furnishing fabric, but Fortuny and his contemporary decorators also stitched together panels to form wallcoverings that would swathe an entire room in pattern. Part of the continuing appeal of Fortuny’s designs is and was their ability to blend harmoniously in many interior spaces.
It is credited
Gift of Mrs. Germaine Little.
Its dimensions are
H x W: 141.9 x 66 cm (55 7/8 in. x 26 in.) Repeat H: 94 cm (37 in.)
Cite this object as
Textile, Caravaggio, 1925–40; Made by Societa Anonima Fortuny (Italy); Italy; cotton; H x W: 141.9 x 66 cm (55 7/8 in. x 26 in.) Repeat H: 94 cm (37 in.); Gift of Mrs. Germaine Little; 1968-110-174


The Reality of Cyber Attacks
Company information held on computer systems can easily be compromised in many ways.
This could be through malicious attacks or accidental actions. Invariably made possible due to a failure of having the right safeguards in place. Whilst considering all potential risks, it is malicious attacks from the Internet that are hitting the headlines and damaging Companies the most.
Forms of malicious attacks
Internet born cyber-attacks is segmented into two forms. Un-targeted and targeted attacks each being carried out in a variety of ways.
In un-targeted attacks, attackers indiscriminately target as many devices, services and Users as possible. They do not care about who the victim is, as there will be a number of machines or services with vulnerabilities.
To do this, they use techniques that take advantage of the openness of the Internet.
Techniques used could include any of the following: –
- water holing
Your Company is singled out in a targeted attack because the attacker has a specific interest in your business, or has been paid to target you. Groundwork research could take weeks or months so that they can find the best route to deliver their attack directly to your systems (or Users).
A targeted attack is often more damaging than an un-targeted one, as these are specifically tailored to attack systems, processes or personnel, in the office or outside.
Targeted attacks may also include the following: –
- spear-phishing – sending emails to targeted individuals that could contain an attachment with malicious software, or a link that downloads malicious software
- deploying a botnet – to deliver a DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack
- subverting the supply chain – prevention of goods delivered to the Company.
Those perpetrating Internet-born malicious attacks have a number of strategies, tools and tricks they use to attack Companies of any size. They primarily target businesses with little or no cyber defenses that would otherwise make their mission difficult.
Cyber villains typically use a four-step process to achieve a desired result. These are as follows: –
1. Survey – searching for targets and vulnerabilities
2. Delivery – introducing malicious software, known as malware
3. Breach – accessing or gathering information through software flaws
4. Affect – negatively impacting the target
Two examples of Companies affected
Development firm attacked by email
A real estate investment and development firm lost over £600,000 after cyber thieves drained its bank account of funds. It all began with a hacked email account.
Once attackers had access to the Owner’s email, they could see a long history of correspondence with his book-keeper.
They had everything they needed to commit a bank transfer fraud. They impersonated the Owner and convinced the book-keeper to transfer funds from the firm’s accounts to their own in China.
The attackers also accessed the Owner’s Outlook calendar. This helped them schedule transactions when he was busy in meetings, giving them plenty of time to access the money, delete all communications, and run.
Construction firm attacked by Trojan
A construction firm lost about £400,000 to a cyber-attack. Thieves added a Trojan to one of the Company’s systems which allowed them to capture online banking credentials and make a series of transfers from the Company’s accounts.
Sadly, all the money disappered in just seven days. Fortunately, the firm’s bank was able to reclaim some of it, cutting the firm’s loss to £225,000. Unfortunately, the firm then had to pay interest on hundreds of thousands of pounds in overdraft loans from the bank in order to keep in business.
The firm sued the bank for failing to provide a ‘commercially reasonable’ security process for the transfers. The firm initially lost, but later won on appeal.
We can help assess your level of cyber security


The aggregate production process is determined as a three-stage crushing system consisting of a rotary crusher and a two-stage cone crusher, a three-stage screening system for circular vibrating screens, a silt handling system after screening, and a finished material storage system.
Aggregate Crushing Plant: Aggregate crushing operation is the processes of dealing and processing of nonmetallic mineral materials for construction industry. Nonmetallic mineral material will be first quarried or mined and then conveyed to the processing plant for further classification or further size reduction by aggregate crushing plant.
The Process Of Crushing And Aggregate. The aggregate process consists by progressive stages of crushing screening and washing Aggregate production line manufactured by DSMAC aims for producing crushed stone aggregate Crushed stone aggregate is produced from.
Aggregate crushing operation is the processes of dealing and processing of nonmetallic mineral materials for construction industry. Nonmetallic mineral material will be first quarried or mined and then conveyed to the processing plant for further classification or further size reduction by aggregate crushing plant. Treatment of aggregates
Aggregate Crushing Plant & Processing Equipment. Abstract. Sand and gravel aggregate production mainly include dry and semi-dry processes. Dry production means that the process of the entire production line is basically free of water. This dry type aggregate production process is mainly adopted in northern China. Semi-dry production means that there is no water in the section before crushing
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Aggregate Crusher Turn Stone Materials into Building . In the aggregate processing line we usually use the following aggregate crusher types such as jaw crusher cone crusher horizontal shaft impact crusher and so on The crushing of aggregate is mainly divided into primary crushing secondly crushing sand making and sand washing etc The First Stage Primary Crushing First of all pebbles and other
In one word, the crushing process is determined by the requirements, cost, and profit. 1.2 Processing plant layout. The type and output of aggregate are determined by the capacity of the crushing and screening machine, the maximum capacity can be 1000t/h. if want a higher output, only by increasing the crushing production line. take a three
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Aggregate Production Process. Our Crushing Plant is now considered the most reliable plant in CALABARZON, specifically Batangas. The plant is located at Brgy. Lucsuhin, Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines. QUARRYING. This is an essentials stage in the production process, because the quality of the aggregates produced depends on it. This is our consideration when we applied for our
The first stage of aggregate processing involves quarrying where a large deposit of desirable aggregate is identified and extracted from the ground. Hardened substances are either blasted or cut into smaller manageable-sized rubble and transported by truck or conveyor belts to the processing area. At the processing site, the aggregates are fed through a crusher, often aided by the GK PARA
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Among the aggregates from sources C and D (with very similar mineralogical compositions), a factor that may have contributed to the higher roughness for aggregate D is the higher percentage of knurled boundaries among minerals (60% for aggregate D, against 38% for aggregate C). This expresses the fact that, with the rock breakings at the crushing process, the shape of such grain-to-grain


The Hurricane operating system is a hierarchically clustered operating system implemented on the Hector multiprocessor.
Hierarchical clustering manages the system resources in clusters, using tight coupling within a cluster, and loose coupling across clusters. Distributed systems principles are applied by distributing and replicating system services and data objects to increase locality, increase concurrency, and to avoid centralized bottlenecks, thus making the system scalable. However, tight coupling is used within a cluster, so the system performs well for local interactions. Hierarchical clustering maximizes locality which is key to good performance in large systems, and systems based on hierarchical clustering can easily be adapted to different hardware configurations and architectures by changing the size of the clusters. Finally, hierarchical clustering leads to a modular system composed from easy-to-design and hence efficient building blocks.
All the papers are available from here.


Global Economic Gloom - China and India Notable Exceptions
Chapter 7. Which Governments Respect the Rights of Their People?
Despite the negative views of the United States expressed by many people around the world, the U.S. receives largely positive reviews for the way it treats its own people. When respondents are asked whether the U.S., France, China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Iran respect the personal freedoms of their country’s people, the American and French governments generally receive the highest ratings. Across the 24 countries surveyed, the median percentage saying the U.S. government respects the freedoms of its people is 65%, about the same as the median rating for France (63%). The governments of China (median equals 30%), Russia (28%), Saudi Arabia (24%) and Iran (10%) on average receive lower marks among the more than 24,000 people surveyed.
The United States
Majorities in 16 of the 24 countries surveyed believe the U.S. government respects the personal freedoms of Americans. This includes large majorities throughout the Western and Eastern European nations included in the survey, with one exception: Spain. Just 49% of the Spanish think the U.S. respects the rights of its people, while 40% say it does not.
Ratings for the U.S. on this question are generally positive in Asia, especially in South Korea and Japan. Indeed, South Koreans and Japanese are more likely to say the U.S respects its people’s rights than are Americans themselves. The Chinese and Pakistanis offer more mixed assessments, although on balance the U.S. receives favorable marks in both countries.
Consistent with their generally positive perspective on the U.S., the African publics included on the survey – Nigeria, Tanzania and South Africa – give the American government positive ratings for the way it treats its people.
There is no country in which a majority says the American government does not respect the rights of citizens. However, more than four-in-ten in Jordan, Egypt and Brazil take this position. Argentina, meanwhile, is the only country in which the percentage of people saying “no” (46%) to this question surpasses the percentage of people saying “yes” (38%).
Just as with the United States, majorities in 16 nations say the government of France respects the freedoms of its people. However, the percentage of people saying France does not respect these freedoms tends to be lower than is the case for the U.S. – the only countries in which more than 30% say this about the French government are Egypt (37%), Jordan (33%) and Brazil (32%).
Overwhelmingly, their fellow Europeans believe the French government treats its people well. More than three-quarters of those surveyed in Germany (86%), Poland (82%), Spain (79%) and Great Britain (78%) believe the government in Paris respects the rights of the French people, as do two-thirds in Russia. The French themselves are actually more likely than any other European public to say these rights are not respected in their country – still, only 22% feel this way.
China and Russia
Compared with the U.S. and France, the governments of China and Russia receive less favorable ratings. Majorities in only four countries think China respects the rights of its people. Meanwhile, China is the only country in which a majority say this about Russia (Russians themselves are almost evenly divided on this question).
Throughout the U.S. and the European Union, large majorities believe individual freedoms are not respected in these two nations. More than seven-in-ten in the U.S., Germany, Britain, Spain, France, and Poland say the Chinese government lacks respect for personal liberty. The Russian government receives only slightly less negative evaluations.
Views of the Chinese and Russian governments are mixed in predominantly Muslim countries, although overall, opinions of the Chinese government are more positive. This is particularly the case in the Asian Muslim nations of Pakistan and Indonesia, where China receives largely positive reviews, while many are unable to rate the Russian government.
Elsewhere in Asia, the picture is different. South Koreans, Australians, and especially the Japanese take dim views of both governments, but hold particularly negative opinions of China’s rulers.
Saudi Arabia and Iran
Overall, the governments of Saudi Arabia and Iran receive even less positive reviews than do those of China and Russia. Majorities in just six nations think the Saudi regime respects the personal freedoms of its people, while majorities in just two countries say this about Iran. Assessments of both governments – and particularly of the Iranian government – are especially negative in EU countries and the U.S.
Attitudes toward Saudi Arabia and Iran vary across the Muslim world. In Turkey, few respondents think either government respects individual rights. In the predominantly Sunni Middle Eastern nations of Jordan and Egypt, about six-in-ten believe that Saudi Arabia, another largely Sunni nation ruled by a Sunni royal family, respects personal freedoms. On the other hand, only about three-in-ten Jordanians and Egyptians think Iran – a predominantly Shia nation – values these freedoms.
Similar divisions between Sunni and Shia are found in Lebanon. Nine-in-ten (89%) Lebanese Shia believe Iran respects personal freedoms, compared with just 2% of the country’s Sunni population. However, Saudi Arabia actually receives positive evaluations from both Lebanese Sunni (77% respects personal freedoms) and Shia (89%). Christians in Lebanon tend to believe neither government shows respect for basic freedoms, although they are more likely to believe the Saudi government (36%) does so than the Iranian government (8%).
The Christian and Muslim populations in Nigeria also have very different views of these regimes. Roughly three-quarters (76%) of Nigerian Muslims think Saudi Arabia values personal freedoms compared with just 32% of the country’s Christians. About six-in-ten Nigerian Muslims (61%) say this about Iran’s government, compared with only 17% of Christians.
In Pakistan and Indonesia, both governments are generally seen in a positive light, although Saudi Arabia receives more favorable marks. More than six-in-ten Pakistanis (67%) and Indonesians (61%) believe personal freedoms are respected in the desert kingdom.


(PhysOrg.com) -- As CHARLI takes his first steps, anxious onlookers stand ready to catch him if he falls. His stride is short, but upright, as one foot is placed in front of the other in the basement of Virginia Tech’s Randolph Hall.
But CHARLI is no toddler.
He is a 5-foot tall humanoid robot built by graduate and undergraduate students with the Virginia Tech College of Engineering’s Robotics and Mechanisms Laboratory (RoMeLa).
After a long moment, CHARLI comes to a rest. An audible “Whew!” is heard from CHARLI’s main architect, doctoral student Jeakweon (“J.K.”) Han. Dennis Hong, associate professor of mechanical engineering and director of RoMeLa, can’t resist a joke.
“One small step for a robot, one giant leap for robotics,” he shouted.
Hong isn’t entirely facetious, though. CHARLI (that’s for Cognitive Humanoid Autonomous Robot with Learning Intelligence) is historic. CHARLI is the first untethered, autonomous, full-sized, walking, humanoid robot with four moving limbs and a head, built in the United States. His two long legs and arms can move and gesture thanks to a combination of pulleys, springs, carbon fiber rods, and actuators. CHARLI soon will be able to talk as well.
Fans of robotics are taking note.
“This is a significant milestone in robotics engineering and is a testament to the technological leadership of Virginia Tech’s RoMeLa lab,” said Tom Atwood, editor of “Robot” magazine.
Of course it will be many years before CHARLI or his incarnations will be seen walking around campus or even in homes across America. Hong refers to the latter placement as his “Jetsons Goal” (named for the popular 1960s cartoon that featured Rosie, a robotic maid for the futuristic family).
“The environment we live in is designed for humans: The step size of stairs, the height of door handles, etc., are designed by humans for humans,” Hong said. “Thus for a robot to live among us and to serve us, it needs human size and form. Thus humanoids. But, manipulation with hands, perception, intelligence, and autonomy are all important and difficult research problems that need to be addressed.”
That research is under way. There are two CHARLIs.
The one now walking across floors and motioning his arms is CHARLI L, as in Lightweight. He’s meant to walk indoors on known flat surfaces, but not run or jump. Eventually, he will be able to kick soccer balls. The robot is expected to debut at this year’s RoboCup tournament in Singapore.
Then there is CHARLI H (for Heavy). This bulkier robot will utilize custom-designed actuators and other technologies that one day will allow it walk on the sloping, rising ground that comprises Virginia Tech’s campus. He also will be able to run, jump, kick, open doors, pick up objects, and do just about anything a real person can do.
“CHARLI H will be a fully functioning robot,” said Derek Lahr, a Ph.D. student from Charleston, S.C., who is spearheading the “H” project. For now, only one leg of CHARLI H is complete.
The students built CHARLI L with $20,000 in seed money from the Virginia Tech Student Engineers’ Council and donated equipment from National Instruments and Maxon Precision Motors. “The budget constraints actually inspired us to think of different solutions, ‘How can we actually make this happen with a small budget?' And that actually led us to new types of mechanical solutions,” Hong said.
Work on the robot began in 2008 with 13 undergraduate and graduate students working on the project at any given time. Inspiration came from science-fiction films and spouses.
“I hope CHARLI could help physically challenged people to cook, clean, and carry items like the NS-5,” said Han, referring to the humanoid robot at the center of the 2004 film “I, Robot.” Han’s design concept was assisted by his wife, Younseal Eum, who is an artist.
Atwood said he is excited for the future. “Eventually, there will be a robot in every home assisting families and individuals, and walking robots will find work in all kinds of places, from warehouses to manufacturing centers,” he said.
Indeed, Hong will have seen his “Jetsons Goal” come true.
Explore further: Q&A: Drones might help explain how tornadoes form


potential, electric, work per unit of electric charge expended in moving a charged body from a reference point to any given point in an electric field (see electrostatics). The potential at the reference point is considered to be zero, and the reference point itself is usually chosen to be at infinity. It can be shown that the potential associated with a charged body at a given point in a static electric field is independent of the path along which the body has traveled in passing from infinity to the given point. Potential is measured in volts and is sometimes called voltage.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on electric potential from Fact Monster:
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(4) John lived in the desert in the neighbourhood of Qumrân; there- fore he could have derived his practice from the sect, therefore he did.
How long was John the Baptist in the desert?
So strong was the influence of the impelling force that He was led thereby, or, as stated by the evangelist, driven, into solitary seclusion, in which He remained during forty days, “with the wild beasts” of the desert.
Where did John the Baptist live?
John’s ministry was meant to call Israel in particular to repentance and righteous living (Luke 1:15-17) before the Messiah came.
Where was the wilderness in which John the Baptist preached?
the Baptist, preaching in. the wilderness of Judaea, The World English Bible translates the passage as: In those days, John the.
How did John the Baptist live in the desert?
Jesus, “whose eyes sees heaven and earth” (7:3), sees John grieving and spirits himself and Mary to the desert on a cloud. They bury Elizabeth and then Jesus and Mary remain with John for seven days, teaching him how to live in the desert.
Where in the Bible is John the Baptist mentioned?
Gospel narratives. John the Baptist is mentioned in all four canonical Gospels and the non-canonical Gospel of the Nazarenes. The Synoptic Gospels (Mark, Matthew and Luke) describe John baptising Jesus; in the Gospel of John this is implied in John 1:32.
Where is John the Baptist buried?
In Damascus, Syria, the Umayyad Mosque was built in the eighth century A.D. on the site of a Christian church named for John the Baptist; his head is said to be buried in a shrine there.
Was John the Baptist an apostle?
John the Apostle is traditionally believed to be one of two disciples (the other being Andrew) recounted in John 1:35-39, who upon hearing the Baptist point out Jesus as the “Lamb of God,” followed Jesus and spent the day with him. … James and John are listed among the Twelve Apostles.
Where was St John the Baptist born?
John’s theme of life- eternal life, comes up again and again. One could argue this is his main purpose: to demonstrate Jesus as the source of eternal life.
What did John the Baptist eat in the desert?
Now John himself wore clothing. made of camel’s hair, with a. leather belt around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey.
What John the Baptist asked Jesus?
John sends (two of) his disciples as messengers to ask a question from Jesus: “Are you the one to come after me or shall we wait for another?” Jesus replied back to John through the messengers to take note of all the miraculous works he has done as described in Luke 7:22.
Did John the Baptist preach in Jerusalem?
Their findings are substantial. Matthew 3:1 tells that John was preaching in the “wilderness of Judea,” while Mark explains “all of the land of Judea and those from Jerusalem” went out to be baptized by him. These passages seem to support the Jordanian site.
Did John the Baptist preach in Judea?
John the Baptist (d. c. 30 CE) was a 1st-century CE itinerant preacher in Judea. We do not know his full name, but he is recognized by his activity. ‘Baptizer’ (Greek: baptizo) was translated directly into English and meant ‘to immerse’ or ‘plunge’.
What was John the Baptist preaching in the wilderness?
John the Baptist, the preacher whose sermons promised the coming of a Savior, is shown instructing assembled listeners (rich men, tax-gatherers, priests, and soldiers) on how to prepare for the coming of Christ.


This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
Early American Literature
Qu 8: ‘‘[Faulkner's was an art] of reinvention, circling back and circling back again to the life that had been lived and missed and emotions that had been felt but not yet understood''(Richard grey).Discuss with relation to Light In August
The true brilliance of Faulkner's writing lies in his ability to as Gray correctly puts it to ‘reinvent'. For life is exactly that. An art of reinvention and it is Faulkner ability to transfer this art into his writing that makes his writing so realistic.
Faulkner's novel ‘light in august' reads like a sort of visual novel which never reveals its true content. Characters are created through the eyes of other characters and then later on recreated again as the novel progresses and further information is revealed. This is a direct parallel to life. A wholesome picture of a certain event or a series of events is never truly revealed. Even that which is revealed is subject to a later date of reform as memories are recollected and moulded for a creation that is always subject to questioning. It is in effect the true face of history. Where the past is and will always be susceptible to new interpretation.
Let's take the character of Joe Christmas as an example. Through his first appearance the reader is given the understanding that he is foreign. Did you ever hear of a white man named Christmas?'
As the novel unfolds the circling back and forward through the novel reveals his early background at the orphanage as well as his own understanding that he is part negro. Yet we are never completely certain that Christmas does have Negro blood in him. There is a certain ambiguity that surrounds the origins of Christmas. Something blatantly seen where Joes grandmother, toward the end of the novel, says that ‘the circus owner come back and said how the man really was part nigger instead of Mexican, like Eupheus said all the time he was..'. Even so she does not stop there but adds that ‘it was just that circus man that said he was a nigger and maybe he never knew for certain'. What is revealed by the end is that whether Joe was truly part black or not these events would have still have taken place. The ambiguity of his origins may have been the catalyst of his actions yet it was the way he was treated and the way he was viewed by the community that led to his end. What Richard gray states as the idea of ‘the life that had been lived and missed and emotions that had been felt but not yet understood' can be directly applied here. The reader never fully understands Christmas mentality and Faulkner strives to convey it through his circling through different events that had taken place in the past.
Characters are never fully understood till the end of the novel and Christmas is not the only case. Rather than allow for the traditional unfolding of both plot and characters all aiming for the same final destination. Faulkner creates characters that are fully developed from the beginning. Their characters do not need to evolve or be moulded any differently that what has already been done for theirs is a tale of the past and the present. Faulkner is not interested in where they are headed to in the future but how they got here in the first place and what action that will create in the present now. Warren Beck very correctly sums this up by saying that:
‘Faulkner's rangings through a narratives chronology are most often cast within someone's recollections and forward returns; these major figures have their existence in the midst of things, looking before and after....'


Is the New Madrid Fault Becoming Active Again?
The New Madrid Fault in Missouri was the site of one of America’s largest ever series of earthquakes. Exactly 200 years removed from the quakes that caused the Mississippi River to flow in reverse, the region in Southeastern Missouri has been hit again with a 4.0 quake earlier this week.
The epicenter of this week’s quake was midway between St. Louis and Memphis.
Several people in five states — Missouri, Illinois, Arkansas, Kentucky and Tennessee — felt the quake, along with scattered people in four others, as far away as North Carolina and Georgia, according to responses to the U.S. Geological Survey website.
Only minor damage was reported, such as items falling from shelves, broken windows, minor cracks in walls and sidewalks.


Treating missing values in a dataset is one of the skills a data analyst must have since missing values is a common occurrence in data analysis. You may have a dataset with missing values at the point of data extraction or data collection. This can reduce the power of your model, lead to wrong prediction or classification because of the inability to analyze the behavior and relationship with other variables correctly in your dataset. In this article, I have briefly explored 4 methods that you can use to treat missing values in your dataset.
Deletion is the most common and easy way of treating missing values in a data set. The tendency to pick it as the first choice as a data analyst is very high. Let us see what happens here. First and foremost, there are 2 types of deletion i.e. listwise deletion and pairwise deletion.
In Listwise deletion, all the observations where a variable is missing are deleted. It basically means deleting an entire row of variables. The disadvantage of this type of deletion is that it reduces that sample size and hence interferes with the accuracy of the model.
Pairwise deletion, on the other hand, involves deleting the variable whose value is missing while retaining the other variables that have values. The implication of this type of deletion is that you end up with different sample sizes. This can complicate the building of models.
In as much as deletion is simple and convenient, it is not the best method for treating missing values for your data.
- Mean/Mode/Median Imputation
Imputation is the process of using valid (non-missing) values to estimate missing values in a data set. In this method, use known values of the data sets to create relationships that can help identify missing values. In this type of imputation, determine the mean or median or mode of the other cases to replace the missing values. Mean and median are most appropriate for quantitative data while mode works well with qualitative data. Imputation assumes the statistical homogeneity of the sample.
Mean/Median/Mode imputation can be generalized or specialized (similar case).
i. Generalized imputation
The missing value is replaced by the mean or median of all the non-missing values of that variable.
ii. Specialized imputation
The missing value is replaced by the mean or median of the non-missing values of the variable based on the specific cases of the observations. For example, while replacing missing values of the height of a population, you can use the mean height of the male population to replace the missing values of the male population. Similarly, while replacing missing values of their female counterparts, use the mean or median of the known height of the female population.
- Predictive Model
Predictive Model can be used to treat missing values in a data set. In this case, create a predictive model to estimate the values that will be used to replace missing values. Here, you can use linear regression and ANOVA to do the prediction.
While creating the predictive model, divide the data set into two sets. The first set is referred to as a training set and contains observations with non-missing values. The second set is a test set that contains observations with missing values. The variables in the test set are treated as target variables. After this, create a model to predict the missing values of the target variables.
When creating this model, take into account other attributes of the training data set. This means you should be able to explore your data better enough to understand the attributes that may influence the predictive model.
- k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Imputation
This method of treating missing values is based on the kNN algorithm. Here, missing values of an attribute are imputed using the given number of attributes that are similar to the attribute whose values are missing. The values used to replace the missing values are obtained by using similarity-based distance metrics. The advantage of KNN imputation is that it is able to predict both discrete and continuous attributes in a data set.
In conclusion, the treatment of missing values is very critical when doing data exploration and preparation. You need due diligence so as to have clean data that you can use to create better predictive models. The choice of the method depends on a number of factors. Some of them include the type of data set (quantitative or qualitative), the nature of the business problem, the sample size, etc.


Respect the River/Rio — Resource Managers
Respect the River began as a simple idea on a napkin. Now, it has a sister program (Respect the Rio) and has spread to seven national forests and one national scenic area.
Why is the Respect the River or Respect the Rio program a valuable asset to natural resource managers?
Imagine the following scenarios:
- The creation of illegal roads, user trails, or dispersed campsites decline.
- Quality of camping improves; sites are better defined, smaller and more vegetated.
- Less trash and human waste are found.
- Soil and vegetation damage caused by illegal motorized vehicle use diminishes.
- Bank erosion and illegal firewood cutting lessen.
- Recreationists park their vehicles and RVs away from the stream banks and help revegetated sites.
- Fisheries and riparian habitats look better than they have in years.
- Most importantly, campsites remain open and recreationists receive a consistent message.
Respect the River and Respect the Rio can help you make those scenarios a reality. If you want more information on the success of the Respect the River and Respect the Rio programs, check out the Forest Programs page. All the information you need to start a Respect the River or Respect the Rio program on your forest can be found here. Please contact us directly if you have any questions.


Zetetic Astronomy, by 'Parallax' (pseud. Samuel Birley Rowbotham), , at sacred-texts.com
A good theodolite was placed on the northern bank of the canal, midway between Welney Bridge and the Old Bedford Bridge, which are fully six miles apart, as shown in diagram, fig. 7. The line of sight from the "levelled" theodolite fell
upon the points B, B, at an altitude, making allowance for refraction, equal to that of the observer at T. Now the points B, B, being three miles from T, would have been the square of three, or nine times 8 inches, or 6 feet below the line of sight, C, T, C, as seen in the following diagram, fig. 8.


Introducing safety in the classroom is vital to children’s learning. As early as their age, they need to develop a sense of responsibility for their physical well-being. Since they live in a community, walk along pathways, cross the street and take a bus, they must be aware of visual reminders that keep them away from vehicular accidents and other untoward incidents.
Although safety is a serious topic, the concept can be made more interactive, fun and meaningful for children. By showing safety signs to them, you can do one of the following activities:
- Classify signs based on color and figure out what each color conveys. As they sort them out, they will realize that red means prohibition, yellow suggests caution and blue implies mandatory obligations.
- Categorize signs based on their shape. What does a red circle with a diagonal line tell them? How about blue circles? What message do they get from yellow triangles and green rectangles?
- Group the signs that contain only words, only pictures and both words and pictures. With proper and enthusiastic guidance, preschoolers would love to try identifying the letters, reading the words and interpreting the symbols.
Safety signs need not be taught at one time in the classroom. They can be simply integrated in a context where children will understand why they have to be placed here or there.
- Traffic signs can be taught before the class goes on a field trip. This way, they’d understand why their bus has to stop at red and go at green lights.
- Emergency signs can be introduced as you bring the entire class to the gym for their PE class. You can intentionally pass along the hallway with the exit or fire extinguisher sign so they’d know what it is for.
- When you introduce different means of transportation, you can prepare a parking lot with helpful signs, and let the children identify where the bus should stop, where the vehicles must enter and where the bicycles should be.
To sum up your safety lesson in the classroom, let the kids remember the simple procedure, “Stop, look, listen and think.” The best illustration for this is when they cross the street. They need to stop at one end of the pedestrian lane, take a look at the vehicles and cues around, listen to sound engines, and think of the right thing to do.


REALIVOX – BLUE:
It starts with the voice. Blue is my go-to singer when I want that ultra-pretty tone. Check out the audio demos and see if you don’t agree.
Six vowels and 23 consonants give you the tools to create your own words and phrases.** But we went deeper than just sampling a bunch of vowels and consonants. Way deeper. Consider these elements:
An “s” singing into an “ee” sounds different from an “s” singing into an “oo.” (Try it yourself. Listen to how your own “s” will sound different, depending on the vowel.) So each consonant was recorded separately going in and out of each vowel. There are two and a half octaves of “k” samples (32 samples) that go into “ah.” Another 32 of “k” into “eh.” And so on. For each consonant, that’s six sets for each vowel.
When we recorded the ending consonants (completely separate samples), we noticed that it doesn’t sound quite right if you just slap an end consonant sample onto the end of a vowel sample. A singer’s mouth closes differently, depending on which consonant they’re going to. So we sampled not only 192 ending “t” consonants (6 vowels times 32 samples per vowel), but we also recorded the closing vowel sounds leading into each consonant. For ah. And for eh. And ee. And oh. And oo. And uh.
So when you play “Peace,” you’ll be triggering four samples altogether. First is the “p” sample that specifically with “e.” Then you won’t hear just any “ee,” but you’ll actually get the “ee” that comes after “p.” (Your ear would know if we tried to cheat and use a regular “ee” instead.) Then you’ll hear a few milliseconds of a closing “ee” that would lead into “s.” And then finally, the “s”. A closing “s” that specifically goes with an “ee” vowel..
This is why Realivox Blue is 12,000 samples. No other vocal library that we know of has gone this deep in the quest for realistic vocal performances.
TRUE SAMPLED LEGATO:
We sampled legato intervals for all six vowels, as well as for “mm.” (We find humming to be a particularly useful articulation.) Not just the six/seven vowels, but also the special transitions betweem say, oo to ee. When you sing from oo, to ee, there will be a “w” in the transition. (Try it yourself and you’ll hear what I mean.) So we have “oowee” legato samples. And “oowah.” And “ooweh.” And “eeyoh.” And on and on.
Then we spent months editing and balancing to get the legato as smooth as we could make it.
We believe this is the simplest and most intuitive polyphonic legato there is. There’s only one knob, and you’ll probably never even touch it. You just play. Check out the videos to see how easy it is.
Whether you want to thicken her a bit, or whether you want to create an ensemble sound, simply turn on Voice 2 and Voice 3 and you’re in business. No need to open a second or third track for doubles or triples. We make it easy.
There are volume, pan, tuning and timbre settings, as well as delay offset, if you don’t want the singers too perfectly in sync..
KONTAKT OR KONTAKT PLAYER – YOU”RE COVERED EITHER WAY
Do you have the full version of Kontakt? Then we pass the savings on to you.
Or if you don’t feel like spending $399 on Kontakt, no problem. We pay a license fee to Native Instruments so that you can use Realivox Blue in the free Kontakt Player. And we actually charge you less than what we pay them. ‘Cause we’re cool like dat!
Realivox Blue (and Kontakt) works on PC or Mac.
Audio formats: VST, AU, RTAS, AAX
FOR MORE DETAILS, CLICK THE VIDEO BELOW OR …
Click here for pdf manual
** Note that although Realivox Blue can sing many words and phrases, she is limited to the six vowels we’ve sampled.
The “Kontakt Player” version is “Powered by Kontakt” and works in the free Kontakt Player.
Click here to download the latest version of Kontatk Player.
The Kontakt Player version of Realivox Blue or Realivox – The Ladies qualities you for a special cross-grade price on the full version of Kontakt.
Click here for $249 instead of $399 Kontakt pricing!


A shortage of nightly Z’s has been linked to depression and weight gain, and now a new study has found that insomnia may also increase the risk of heart attacks.
Researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology tracked 52,610 men and women who enrolled in a national health survey between 1995 and 1997. During the 11-year follow-up period, 2,386 of the participants had a myocardial infarction (heart attack). After adjusting for heart attack risk factors—age, sex, marital status, education, shift work, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, body mass index, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption—researchers found that the study participants who reported that they had insomnia had more heart attacks than those who got regular shuteye.
- Participants who had trouble falling asleep most nights had a 45 percent higher risk for heart attacks
- Participants who had trouble staying asleep most nights had a 30 percent higher risk
- Participants who woke up feeling unrefreshed more than once a week had a 27 percent higher risk
The study, which was published in the October 2011 issue of the journal Circulation, was also the subject of an editorial in the same issue.
“Although sleep disturbances have not been identified as specific targets in current cardiovascular prevention guidelines, research over the last decade provides increasing evidence that poor sleep and sleep disorders significantly contribute to the development of heart disease,” wrote Susan Redline, MD, and JoAnne Foody, MD, in the editorial “Sleep Disturbances: Time to Join the Top 10 Potentially Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors?”
The Norwegian study “provides further evidence supporting the importance of sleep disorders in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease,” they added. “Furthermore, because of their prevalence, sleep disturbances ranging from sleep apnea to sleep curtailment may serve as important novel targets for cardiovascular disease risk reduction.”
Get your Zzzz’s
There are important dietary and dietary supplement strategies to consider to help you fall asleep and stay asleep.
Eliminate caffeine. It is essential that the diet be free of natural stimulants such as caffeine and related compounds. Coffee, as well as less obvious caffeine sources such as soft drinks, chocolate, coffee-flavored ice cream, hot cocoa, and tea, must all be eliminated. Even small amounts of caffeine such as those found in decaffeinated coffee or chocolate, may be enough to cause insomnia in some people.
Other food compounds that can act as stimulants include some food colorings. Adverse food reactions such as food sensitivities and allergies can also cause insomnia. Although not considered a stimulant, sugar and refined carbohydrates can interfere with sleep. Eating a diet high in sugar and refined carbohydrate and eating irregularly can cause a reaction in the body that triggers the “fight or flight” part of the nervous system, causing wakefulness.
Eliminate alcohol. Alcohol causes the release of adrenaline and disrupts the production of serotonin (an important brain chemical that initiates sleep).
Avoid nocturnal hypoglycemia. In my clinical experience I have found nocturnal hypoglycemia (low nighttime blood glucose level) is an important cause of sleep-maintenance insomnia. When there is a drop in the blood glucose level, it causes the release of hormones that regulate glucose levels, such as adrenaline, glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone. These compounds stimulate the brain. They are a natural signal that it is time to eat. Good bedtime snacks to keep blood sugar levels steady throughout the night are oatmeal and other whole grain cereals, whole grain breads and muffins, and other complex carbohydrates. These foods will not only help maintain blood sugar levels, they actually can help promote sleep by increasing the level of serotonin within the brain.
Foods high in the amino acid tryptophan, such as turkey, milk, cottage cheese, chicken, eggs, and nuts, especially almonds, may help to promote sleep. In the brain, tryptophan is converted to serotonin and melatonin, which are natural sleep-inducing compounds.
From a dietary supplement standpoint, you may want to try melatonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), L-theanine, and the herb valerian (Valeriana officinalis).
It’s important for people to utilize natural measures to treat insomnia as there are such major problems with sleeping pills. The two primary classes of drugs used in the treatment of insomnia are antihistamines and benzodiazepines. Antihistamines, like Benadryl and Nytol, are available over the counter, while benzodiazepines, like Valium and Halcion, are available by prescription. While both antihistamines and benzodiazepines are effective in the short term, they cause significant problems in the long term. Benzodiazepines, in particular, are not designed to be used for the long term, as they are addictive, have numerous side effects, and cause abnormal sleep patterns. Antihistamines also interfere with normal sleep patterns. As a result, people who take sleeping pills enter a vicious cycle. They take the drug to induce sleep, but the drug causes further disruption of normal sleep. In the morning, in an attempt to “get going,” they will typically drink large quantities of coffee, which further worsens insomnia. As with many health conditions, the natural approach makes better sense.


The 21st century has witnessed tremendous growth in technology. New acronyms come up every day and can be confusing and impossible to stay up to date.
There’s no mentioning technological development without a gist of embedded systems. For instance, what does sbc modules mean, and how different is it from com? System-On-Module (SOM) and Computer-On-Module (COM) are prominent examples of the latest embedded system hardware. A desktop computer relies on peripheral expansion slots to enable it to perform some functions. However, A single-on-board module solely relies on a built-in range of microprocessors to run.
Single Board Computer (SBC)?
A single board computer is a computer built on one circuit board. A complete computer on the SBC module has all the necessary computing functions such as input and output (I/O) features, memory, and one or more microprocessors. Further, it has other components essential for a functional computerized system.
A single board computer is used in an embedded system to act as an embedded computer controller. Consequently, it enables analog, digital, and combinations to work on a single board.
Many portable and personal computers operate on a single circuit board. Technicians can customize SBC for a specified system application. Once customized, it includes components such as input and output (I/O) memory and interfaces.
Advantages of SBC
- Single board computer is affordable.
- It is resilient to vibration and mechanic issues and does not require additional connectors.
- Single board computer is the preferred option for a greasy, humid environment. It also works best under extreme vibration and shock-wave conditions.
Disadvantages of SBC
The central processing unit and the memory option can be targeted. Once selected and locked by configuration, SBC requires replacement or upgrading. On the flip side, selection and locking can work if you don’t expect hardware alterations.
Computer-on-module (COM), also called System-on-Module (SOM), is a subtype of single board computer. A COM is made to plug into another board for system operations expansion. Therefore, a COM is a carrier computer or a system packaged into one module.
Advantages of COM
- Computer-on-module provides scalability because it selects a different system from the common pin-compatibility type.
- Computer-on-module allows for upgrading and improvement without replacing the initial carrier board.
- Computer-on-module delivers a complete computing system including connectivity, display, and other peripheral systems.
Why COM is most preferred to SBC
Computer-on-module provides upgrading or scaling by altering the initial module. This function makes it easy to work with added or expanded functions and improves the system later. SOM facilitates software and hardware engineers to speed up improvements and avail products in the market. By selecting a specific COM, technicians can add or remove a feature or two by choosing a different SOM module. The selection can be based on COM scalability and various central processing unit choices.
Both SBC and COM adapt similar software applications for ready market products. The application of either CBS or COM depends on the functions and environment it will be used. Consulting an expert hardware expert can help you choose the most appropriate application for your requirements and conditions.


SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases. It includes database creation, deletion, fetching rows and modifying rows etc. SQL is stands for Structured Query Language.
SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard but there are many different versions of the SQL language.
SQL is the standard database language for Relation Database System like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, postgres and SQL Server etc. The data in RDBMS is stored in tables. A table is a collection of related data entries in the form of columns and rows.
The SQL language has several parts:
- Data Definition Language (DDL)
The SQL DDL provides commands for defining relation schemas, deleting relations, and modifying relation schema.
|CREATE|| Creates a new table, a view of a table, or other object in database|
|ALTER|| Modifies an existing database object, such as a table.|
|DROP|| Deletes an entire table, a view of a table or other object in the database.|
- Data Manipulation Language (DML)
The SQL DML includes a query language based on both the relational algebra and the tuple relational calculus. It includes also commands to insert tuples into, delete tuples from, and modify tuples in the database.
|SELECT|| Retrieves certain records from one or more tables|
|INSERT|| Creates a record|
|UPDATE ||Modifies records|
|DELETE|| Deletes records|
- Data Control Language (DCL)
It provides commands to control access to data stored in a database.
|GRANT|| Gives a privilege to user|
|REVOKE|| Takes back privileges granted from user|


Corruption is a slow poison which kills the constitution, the society and the economy of developing nations. In other words corruption is one of the biggest challenges faced in the contemporary world which clearly shows the difference between good and bad government,. The factors that driving corruption and the effects of corruption can vary widely. Sometimes mishandling of policy, may lead to catastrophic situation, where it harms the various sectors of the developing countries.
Corruption is found almost everywhere and on everything, starting from paying bribes to civil servants for his favor of work to the leading politicians and bureaucrats use the public power to their personal end. Corruption attacks the morality of the justice that damages the society. Corruption includes bribes, trading insider, electoral fraud, embezzlement, patronage, conflicts of interest etc..
“So far as our institution is concerned, thers is nothing more important than the issue of corruption.. At the core of the incidence of poverty is the issue of equity, and the core of the issues of equity is the issue of corruption.-(James D.wolfenohn ,president of the world bank October 1999)”
Corruption in Developing Countries:
The evidence from the developing world tells us there are only few countable developing countries that have low corruption levels. Most of the developing countries have are very close relationship between corruption and investment and growth. Lets us see the difference between, country with large population and country with very less population. It is divided so large population country have huge number of labor power , large internal market. The country with large human resource will be affected by corruption much faster as compare to less populated country, because government in large developing countries will be focusing on import substitution policies for longer periods of time than in smaller developing countries. This will influence the foreign investors to accept the corruption as a way doing their business, that will influence them to access to local goods and cheap labor markets. Neither of these advantage is available to small developing countries. Small marketing size means that they should reach the limits of ISI much quickly and much faster way. By doing so. Small developing countries push their limits to conform the emerging governance and corruption.
Similarly, small developing countries will have small domestic markets and very small labor markets, this means foreign investors have less access to the local corrupt business. Combination of these factors shows the difference between large and small corruption among the developing nations. Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong have very less population , but have very high growth rates even compare to countries of huge population like China, India Mexico have very low growth rates.
In the definition shared by many political scientists, political corruption is any transaction between private and public sector actors through collective goods are illegitimately converted into private regarding payoffs. (Heidenheimer et. al.1993:6). This definition shows clearly the involvement of the state and state agents in corruption. Political corruption mainly takes places in high level of political system, usually decision-makers. They do this while implementing any law or order by the name of common people these corruptions takes place. Both political and bureaucratic corruption have distinction in their needs and implementing it. Political corruption takes place at top management but bureaucratic corruption takes at lower levels of state.
Political corruption not only leads to the misleading of resource, but also affects the manner in which decisions are manipulated. This cause the delay in following the orders and deviate from formal and written legal norms, from professional ethics. Political corruption occurred when laws and regulation are abused by the rulers, side-stepped or even tailored to fit their interests towards the problem. Authoritarian is one the basic modes of operation of political corruption. It a place where authoritarian power holders enrich themselves. Political corruption is not restricted to authoritarian systems, it maintains link between authoritarianism and political corruption. In democratic countries, the problem of political corruption is more incidental and ossasional nature, and can be dealt within the existing political system, by doing reforming ,vitalizing and strengthening the existing political institutions.
This is a form of corruption where the money or benefits are collected and privatized for an individual. In this corruption individualist share every little percentage of benefits with his equals, or with particular group with some unity and coherence. Private, individual nature of corruption is commonly inclined because of the illegal nd surreptitious nature of corrupt transactions. Private corruption have some personal benefits for the corrupt actor or his family or his friends. However, corruption is also of collective type. Because corruption is more deliberate way of resource extraction for the benefits of a collection of members in a institutions. Corruption has strong and more strong inclination for collectivization. It is mainly because to keep quiet, which is much easier way rather than blow the whistle and inform. Room for monoeure is more large scaled institutionalized corruption, the conspiracy between individuals more easily extended to larger groups which involves partners, friends, colleagues, assistants and superiors. Corruptions spreads, people tries to accept it and believe that, it is unavoidable.
Consequences of institutionalized corruption
Corruption cause lot of harm to the society, like for instance when it leads illegal mining of coal, gold or a logging in rain forest. Corruption may also lead to insecure citizens, politicians, and administrators between huge opportunities, grave risks and much pressure.
The relationship between corruption and economics development are more close to each other. They are more interrelated as seen in table 1, which is more mutually explicatory.some suggests or argues that corruption in a institutions are good tings which helps the things to be done in much smoother way. It also unlock the doors of state bureaucracy and enables entrepreneurs and other business people to entre into the country. Corruption is always not bad, but this is shown in level of economic growth and the level of direct foreign investment in the highly corrupt countries. Many countries doesn’t seems to suffer because of corruption even in the existence of systematic corruption. In Africa, high level of corruption pulls down the economy, but some countries allows huge investment like wallmart ,AKIA etc through foreign direct investment(FDI).
In general, corruption is detrimental to economic development because it damages the foreign investment,local private forms, entrepreurship etc. In the case of South Korea, president handled huge amount of money who is leader of ruling party ,where he made numerous grand scale transactions, and common people couldnt find evidence of its private use. The hole sum f money is then reinvested in south Korean stock market. Corruption in weak state , where the ruling party have little control over the corrupt person, the legitimacy of the state will wane with lack of service. Controlled and uncontrolled state of legitimacy have common effect of undermining state. But in the case of strong states where the power are exclusive and undeniable control of the economic policies , where it takes both formal and informal ways of consumption. Strong leader will have strong control over the corruption , where he knows how much he will gain from that kind of corruption. In this state of strong , corruption will predicable and that can be acceptable by businesses and public too. In these states, the institutions wont suffer much.
Legitimacy depends on the services rendered and the ability to satisfy popular demands, more than the way the state is operated. Besides, the charisma of political leaders is also important when it comes to legitimacy. Efficient states can therefore maintain a relatively high and stable level of corruption, or manage to keep the level of corruption at a low level at will. The
strength of the state and the political will is what explains the low level of corruption
in authoritarian countries like Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Legitimacy depends on the services rendered and the ability to satisfy popular demands, more than the way the state is operated. Besides, the charisma of political leaders is also important when it comes to legitimacy. Efficient states can therefore maintain a relatively high and stable level of corruption, or manage to keep the level of corruption at a low level at will. The strength of the state and the political will is what explains the low level of corruption in authoritarian countries like Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
By breaking down, corruption into many number of types and seeing their interdependencies, it is possible to explain the prior reduction of corruption across the developing countries are not viable. Some types of corruption drives the economy of the country in much positive way with high level of social transformations. At the same time, it is important to oppose corruption in developing nation. Because only very few countries had shown postitive impact on corruption but most of the developing countries, have very poor economic growth, damaging the constitution badly by creating political un-stabilization. Identifying the main factors that driving the corruption in a developing country and on strengthening the capacities that are required to achieve rapid growth of GDP is very important.
The simplest and implacable way it taken to curb the corruption , was to do away the corrupted politicians and bureaucrats altogether, by reducing the size of the state or making all sectors in state into private. Curtailing corruption are of four different ways that are of four different types control from inside, control from outside, control from below and control from above. It can also be said has control from external world, control from administrative and bureaucratic institutions , control from civil society and business coummity and control from rulers and themselves. Corruption may also be controlled by openness, transparency and information costs, intergovernmental competition, localism, party competition, decision rules, collective action problems,and public administration .
For effective implementation of anti- corruption in institutions we can use four strategies have to be implemented, such as Societal, legal, market, and political strategies.
In societal strategy, each person should follow the standard of morality, they should be vigilant and watch out for individuals who engage in corruption. Public should be well known about the concequence of corruption and its negative effects. Private press and educational programs regarding anti corruption encouraged to take action againist corrupt boby.
In the legal strategy, the law and judiciary , the police, the press, the media should work towards the goal of discriminating the corrupt through justice. Civil servants should be given more power to do their duties. Law should be clear about corrupt and corruption. Common man should be given rights to report against corrupt politicians.
In the market strategy, the gap between the government and market structure must be minimized to avoid in lower level corruption. Government should regulate the laws, that private exchange pays way to corruption.The most effective way to minimize corruption is to modify the existing rules and by implication, change of incentives that trader facing. Changing rule may not be effective until unless ,the reconstruction of constitution is necessary.
The political strategy, decentralization of power, giving way to the ruling coalition to engage in corrupt activities. By implementation of more transparency in public sectors, budget process should be published to mass media.


Dolton dentist explains how eating disorders can impact a patient’s dental health
Eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia have serious implications on a person’s wellness and their oral health. Unfortunately millions of people across the United States are battling eating disorders. Whether triggered by the desire to be thinner or by other stress factors, eating disorders can be hard for patients and their families and friends to diagnose, treat, or provide support to.
Bulimia is an eating disorder in which patients binge eat and then cause themselves to vomit while patients with anorexia cause themselves to enter a state of starvation through not eating. Both types of eating disorders prevent the body from receiving important nutrients, vitamins, and proteins that are critical for optimal health. A patient with an eating disorder often suffers from heart problems, yellow or dried skin, hair loss, a reduction in muscle mass, osteoporosis, and other health complications.
Eating disorders are often hard to diagnose because patients tend to hide their behaviour from family, friends, and physicians. In fact, dentists are frequently the first health professional to recognize the disease because they notice physical symptoms in the mouth. In bulimic patients, the frequent vomiting causes the enamel of the teeth to begin to erode away. In anorexic patients, the teeth become brittle and weak because of the lack of nutrients entering the body. Other dental health complications include teeth sensitivity, sharp toothaches, oral sores and lesions, and a dry mouth or throat.
Eating disorders are serious health problems. Getting help can be challenging for patients and often requires medical, dental, and therapeutic specialties. However, help is available and professionals are willing and able to provide support and medical expertise to help patients overcome their disease.
Dr. Dean Dietrich knows that oral health is connected to overall health and he has a complete dedication to his patients overall health and wellness. If you’re suffering from an eating disorder, or know someone who is, Dr. Dietrich can provide you with the care, support, and referrals that you need to change your life. For more information, call the Pleasant Dental office in Dolton, IL.Back to Dental Library Page


Prevention is key to many things in dentistry. First, it is the key to achieving optimum oral health. It is also the key to a beautiful smile as healthy teeth often translate to beauty. Prevention also avoids costly and complex dental treatments that may not only drain your pocket but also involve time and effort. Thus, preventative dentistry is a must to ensure that you get healthy and beautiful teeth while not subjecting yourself to costly dental treatments. Prevention is, therefore, key to health, wealth, and beauty. It is easy to follow with benefits that last a lifetime.
Preventative Dentistry Treatments from Your Friendly Dentist in Fayetteville, NC
• Fluoride Treatment – The dentist applies a liberal amount of fluoride to the patient’s teeth. This treatment makes the teeth strong and healthy. Strong teeth do not crack or break easily. Fluoride treatment is, therefore, an essential preventative dentistry treatment to prevent the onset of decay. This treatment can be performed on both adults and children.
• Sealants – This treatment involves the use of a plastic coating that envelopes any molar. This particular set of teeth has grooves and ridges that may be hard to keep clean at all times. Sealants provide a smooth surface, making it easy to brush the surfaces of molars and rid them of plaque. Dental sealants serve as protective shields that protect the teeth from damage. This preventive dentistry treatment is often performed on children, most especially those who are still in the process of learning how to brush.
• Oral Prophylaxis – Deep cleanings are essential to prevent the buildup of plaque on the teeth and below the gumline. We all know that plaque is hard to avoid because the mouth is a constant haven for food particles and bacteria. Oral prophylaxis performed twice yearly eliminates plaque buildup and gum problems.
• Mouthguards – Individuals who engage in contact sports need to wear mouthguards for protection. Mouthguards prevent damaged teeth due to sports activities like boxing, basketball, soccer, and many more, as well as injuries to the lips, face, and jaw.
• Oral Appliance – People who clench or grind their teeth during sleep put extreme pressure on their teeth, subjecting them to breakage. An oral appliance worn during sleep protects the teeth from damage while preventing the occurrence of teeth grinding. An oral appliance is very similar to a mouthguard or a retainer, but serves a different purpose which is to stop bruxism or teeth grinding.
Preventative Dentistry Treatments Promote Optimum Oral Health
While it is important to practice proper brushing and flossing techniques at home, visiting your dentist regularly is also essential. Preventative dentistry treatments like fluoride treatment, sealants, oral prophylaxis, mouthguards, and an oral appliance work for the purpose of optimizing your teeth’s health. Partner with an experienced and reliable dentist like Dr. Patrice Barber, and give your teeth a boost of good dental care regularly. Preventative dentistry treatments are less costly than when a severe dental problem arises, prompting you to spend lots of money. Prevention is a great way to ensure optimum oral health!
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Exceptional Inventions Lost Through Time
“Art, freedom and creativity will change society faster than politics.”
~ Victor Pinchuk
In our times it's easy to believe that we, as human race, have it all. Somewhere in the bottom of our brains there's the abstract awareness of the vast unknown embracing us, yet, in an era in which we've sent machinery twenty thousand million kilometers away from Earth, in where we are able to identify the chemical elements of galaxies and nebulas light years from home, an era in which we've created a web of data and knowledge through electricity and binary sequences, in which we can print objects from scratch in a matter of minutes and we can duplicate cells and tissue... In an age such as this is hard to believe there could be inventions from the past we are still unable to recreate. But, as always, history and the world surprise us. The following list is a minuscular summarization of devices, extraordinarily ahead of their times, formulated through the centuries by our forebears.
Many of them remain as a riddle to the modern sciences of engineering and chemistry, leaving us exposed face to face to each and all the things we still can't, and perhaps will never be, able to do.
The Greek Fire remains as one of the greatest kept secrets of all time, it was developed around 672 AD. by the Byzantines. This mysterious and lethal weapon was similar to a flamethrower, however the fires it expelled not only burned over water but they couldn't be extinguished with anything that wasn’t sand, vinegar or urine, items scarce in the sea.
Many adversaries stole small quantities of the mixture, but none was able to copy it’s complex brew. The power of this weapon was such that, when a man became Emperor of the Easter Roman Empire, he was forced to vow three things:
1. Never surrender Constantinople.
2. Never abandon the Orthodox Church.
3. Never reveal the formula of Greek Fire.
And this way - as the empire crumbled, the Byzantine civilization took the secret to the grave.
The Antikythera Mechanism
Possibly the most magnificent artifact in the history of humanity, the Antikythera mechanism is a 2000 - 2200 year old analog computer, designed to rigorously predict each and every known astronomical event.
This labyrinthic clock could anticipate with absolute exactitude irregular motions of the Moon, Sun and plantes, along with the cycle of the ancient Olympic Games. How? Nobody really knows.
4th-century Nanotechnology: The Lycurgus Cup
The early history of this rare piece is unknown. Invented in Rome or Alexandria sometime in between the years 290-325 AD, the Lycurgus Cup is one of the most gorgeous and remarkable objects ever crafted.
It was created out of a highly complicated mixture of infinitesimal nanoparticles of gold and silver, dispersed with pin-point accuracy throughout glass. The result is a crystal cup which shines in variant colors depending on how light falls upon it; lift from behind, the cup will glow in shades of red - lit from the front, the goblet will glare incalculable tints of green.
Round about 1700 years have passed since its invention and still, until this moment, the process remains unrepeatable.


UK & World News
New Planet Is Earth's Twin 200 Light Years Away
Scientists have stumbled upon a planet considered Earth's 'twin' in another solar system 200 light years away.
Known as KOI-314c, the planet is the same weight as Earth, but is 60% larger.
The planet is also much hotter than Earth, with scientists estimating its surface temperatures to be around 104C - unsupportive of most life forms on Earth.
KOI-314c is suspected to have a thick gaseous atmosphere, making the planet only 30% denser than water.
However, despite a similar weight, astronomers said the planet is not considered "Earth-like".
"This planet might have the same mass as Earth, but it is certainly not Earth-like," said lead astronomer Dr David Kipping, from the Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics in the US.
He added: "It proves that there is no clear dividing line between rocky worlds like Earth and fluffier planets like water worlds or gas giants."
Scientists made the discovery by accident while searching for moons using the powerful Kepler space telescope.
"When we noticed this planet showed transit timing variations, the signature was clearly due to the other planet in the system and not a moon," said Dr Kipping.
"At first we were disappointed it wasn't a moon, but then we soon realised it was an extraordinary measurement."
Evidence of the new planet was presented at the annual meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Washington DC.
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