North Wind and Storm Wind
The land was locked in ice, frozen solid from too-KWEET-hloss to tohl-AHL-too. Every day was bitter cold. Icy winds blew the snow into deep drifts. From that little mountain known as s’BAH-bah-teel North Wind--the one they called STOH-bluh--sent his freezing blast over all the country. He built an ice dam across the Duwamish River that stopped the salmon from running upstream so the people were always hungry and cold. Month after month nothing ever changed. STOH-bluh held all the land in his chilling grip.
Into that frozen white world a young boy went hunting with his bow and arrow. His name was see-SOOL, which means Little Mountain Beaver.
One day the boy’s grandfather became worried. He called see-SOOL and gave him a warning: "That hill made of rock on the other side of the river--stay away from it." But he did not tell his grandson the reason.
see-SOOL became older. He grew into a skilled hunter. He began to go farther and farther away from his home to hunt. Each day he would come closer to the forbidden hill next to the frozen river.
Now at this time there was an old lady named skwuh-LAHTS who lived on that hill. Her name means the tracks that tears make when they run down someone’s face. She got that name because she was always crying for her dead son who was called Chinook Wind and for his people who had all been killed by the cold North Wind, STOH-bluh. You can still see that hill where she lived next to the Duwamish River. You can recognize it even today by the grey streaks which look like tears running down the dark rock.
Now, it was skwuh-LAHTS habit to go down to the river to collect cat-tail rushes to weave into baskets. She made baskets of all sizes--ones that were coarsely woven and had big holes between the plaits of rush, and also finely woven baskets that had only tiny holes. Because skwuh-LAHTS had no wood to burn at her home she also burned the cat-tail rushes for heat, but they would flame up and die down so quickly that even when she was inside she was never warm enough.
But one day as skwuh-LAHTS was weaving baskets in her house on the hill and she got so warm she began to sweat. This was so unusual skwuh-LAHTS sang out, "Another one of my people must have escaped North Wind’s rage. That person is walking nearby; that is the reason I am becoming so warm." Then the old lady went to the door of her house to see who was there and she saw the young man see-SOOL standing right where he had been forbidden to go.
When she saw him she knew right away who he was. This was the only child of her own son, Chinook Wind. She told that young man who his father was, and that he himself was also one of the Chinook Wind people who had almost all been killed by STOH-bluh.
"What reason did North Wind have to kill my father and his people," the young man asked. skwuh-LAHTS, who was also his grandmother, told him the reason, and this is what it was: It was North Wind’s jealousy that caused him to kill Chinook Wind people and his people. Both North Wind and Chinook Wind had wanted to marry Mountain Beaver Woman, but because Chinook Wind brought presents of warmth and food to the Mountain Beaver people, he was the one she married. Mountain Beaver Woman escaped STOH-bluh’s madness by an underground path and gave birth to see-SOOL at the home of her parents.
Of course, when he heard this the young man became very angry and brought out of himself a strong warm wind that blew down the big fir trees which grew near that place. That is how he came to be called s’whaht-SAH-lah-tsee which means "Wind-that-tears-the-trees-up", or, as others call him, Storm Wind. It was only after he did that that he saw his grandmother was shivering from cold, so he took the blown-down trees and laid them beside her and told the heavy trees to allow themselves to be moved easily by the old lady so she could use them for firewood. To his grandmother he said, "Do not go outside to gather cat-tail rushes or for any other reason until I come back."
But before he could leave he saw that his grandmother had become nearly blind from her tears as well as from the filth that Raven had been dropping on her face. Raven was one of North Wind’s slaves. s’whaht-SAH-lah-tsee sharpened a stick and give it to the old lady. He told her to use the stick to poke Raven if he came back again to bother her. Then, young Storm Wind told his grandmother not to wash her face until he returned, and then he left her, promising to come back soon.
But Storm Wind was gone a long time and while he was gone that sneaky Raven came back to skwuh-LAHTS. He was going to drop his filth on her face as he always did. But this time, when he got close to her, the old lady stuck him with the sharp stick. She stuck him so hard that Raven flew away, back to North Wind, and he was too ashamed to tell his master how old skwuh-LAHTS had hurt him. But STOH-bluh knew something was up and he said, "The son of Chinook Wind, whom we have destroyed, must have returned to see his grandmother." Still, though, the land was all cold and frozen because North Wind had not been defeated.
But even then a warm wind began to blow from the South. It blew and blew, stronger and stronger. Storm Wind had returned. As he blew many of the Chinook Wind people were unfrozen and came to life and they all began to blow. The Storm Wind became so strong that many trees were blown down in that place. Old skwuh-LAHTS felt the warm wind and knew that her grandson had returned. Now was the time for her to wash Raven’s filth and the frozen tears from her face. When she did that the rains began to come.
skwuh-LAHTS went outside now, just as her grandson, Storm Wind, had told her to do when he returned. She brought her baskets outside to collect the rain. There she met Storm Wind, or s’whaht-SAH-lah-tsee, who now told her to take her baskets full of rain and pour them all over the frozen valley.
First, the old lady took the finely woven basket and when the water came out of it there was a fine mist. Next she took the one with the medium weave and the water came out like light rain. Finally old skwuh-LAHTS brought out the coarsely woven basket and shaking it, a heavy rain fell out.
Storm Wind blew the rain all over the valley. There was so much rain it washed the blown-down trees all the way to the river, which had become unfrozen. There was a flood which washed through the valley. The flood waters pushed all the trees against the ice dam that North Wind had built across the river. The ice dam--which had kept the salmon from swimming up the river--broke and was swept down to Elliot Bay. Some of the pieces of ice, though, turned into stone. You can still see what remains of North Wind’s ice dam in the river there not far from the hill where skwuh-LAHTS lived. You can see big blocks of stone in the river when the water is low.
Now, everything was melting. All the land was becoming unfrozen. North Wind ran away. From Elliot Bay he ran across the Sound to what is now called Bainbridge Island. He landed at a place called Yeomalt. That place used to be called Spirit House, or in the language of The People, t’lee-boh-AWLT’wh. But even there he could not stay. He went further North still and took his slave Raven with him. If North Wind had not been chased away we should all be cold and hungry all the time. As it is, we have a little ice and snow, but not for long, only until Storm Wind comes.
In the old days, before the country was all torn up by the settlers, when the people wanted Storm Wind to bring the warm Chinook rain they would go to that hill where old skwuh-LAHTS lived, on the west bank of the river just above Allentown, down near Boeing Field. They would splash water on the side of the hill to wash it clean. Then the rain would come.
--The original story with the same name was related by Ann Jack to Arthur Ballard and is contained in the book Mythology of Southern Puget Sound. This version was adapted by Tom Dailey.


Epilepsy Seizure Monitoring DeviceInventors? Abdul Hadi ? Noman Ikram? Dr Usman TariqAbstract A wearable device to monitor Epileptic Seizures and generate a notification. The device includes a wearable band which will have an accelerometer to detect movement of body, a pulse sensor to monitor the heart beat, a temperature sensor to measure body temperature and a bluetooth module to send this data over to the android application.Objective The main idea behind this product is to be able to monitor the vitals of the person and report them to the Android application which then wll process the data to see if the person is having a seizure upon which a notification will occur. Field of Invention The invention pertains to Medical Technology. More specifically, the invention pertains to epileptic seizures.Background Epileptic seizure is a disease in which the person loses control of his/her body and faces continuous jerk movements. These jerking movements can be really powerful and can cause severe damage to brain or any other body part such as brain damage,fractgures and so on.Seizure are not limited to one age group they range from occuring in a few months old child to an old age man. So no one is out of its range.Seiure in older people are more likely to be detected since they are going to be more notable when a seizure occurs as compared to children.Detailed Description The wearable device will be composed of three different sensors i.e an accelrometer which will detect body movement, a pulse sensor to measure heart rate and a temperature sensor to measure body temperature. A bluetooth module will also be added so that all the data gathered from these sensors will be sent to the Android application through this bluetooth device.The sensors and the bluetooth module will be connected to an Arduino board which will be responsibble for creating a connection between the application and the hardware components.The android application will process this given data and check if there is any value of vitals which is either below or above the normal human condition. The human body movement will also be monitored to see if he/she is having abnormal body movement. After processing all this data the application will determine wether there is a seizure or not and if there is a seizure the application will sound an alarm and send a message to the relatives.Claims1. A portable device containing:a pulse sensor which will measure the pulse;an accelrometer to measure body movement;a temperature sensor to measure body temperature;a bluetooth module to send data from the sensors to the android aplpication;an arduino board to connect and process all the data from these sensor and send the data through the bluetooth device to the android application;a processing algorithm which will check for the hearbeat and generates an alarm;an alarm device to notify the person;2. The portable device of claim 1, further containing:an attachment apparatus for attaching the portable device to the person;a housing for enlcosing the device into a compact form;a wire elongating the temperature sensor so that it can be placed in the armpit;3. A method for abnormal motion detection:downloading the detection algorithm to the mobile device;updating the mobile device with latest version of algorithm;adding emergency contact phone number incase of seizure;measuring the normal vitals of person and recording them;calculating the liklihood of seizure and comparing them to the persons previously normal recorded vitals;detecting wether abnormalities are shown by sensors values;recording data from the 3 sensors;activating the alarm incase the seizure has been detected;uploading the seizure data in the database;sending an alert message to the emergency number entered by user in the application;sending GPS coordinates through message to Hospital and emergency phone number;Drawings (Figure A) (Figure B) (Figure C)DesciptionVarious embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings? Figure A shows the hardware system comprised of battery(1), circuit(2), temperature sensor(3), pulse sensor(4), accelerometer(5) and a bluetooth module(7).The system is responsible for taking all the values from these sensors and transmitting them through bluetooth to the android application.? Figure B shows the hole(6) for managing wires of sensors and a hole (7) for bluetooth transmission.The whole device will be hung on the ear with the help of the plastic rod(8).? Figure C shows the flow of the system, The data will first move from sensors (temperature,pulse and accelrometer sensor) to the processing unit which will send the data through the bluetooth module to the mobile application.


If you want the medications best for insomnia, check out Zopiclone. We have high-quality medication for you.
Insomnia is one medical condition that remains the root cause of several health hazards. It is essential to know the importance of sleep in your daily life. Some individuals have insomnia and other sleep problems. Lately, sleep problems are considered a common issue as they can sprout due to many reasons. When a person has problems like falling asleep or staying asleep, it might disrupt the daily routine as people might have concerns like daytime drowsiness and other health issues that prevent you from doing the everyday tasks without any hassles. You will get to know several causes by digging deeper, but the two prominent causes are poor sleeping habits and a stressful environment.
At times, insomnia can be a result of more than one cause. Moreover, there are different types of insomnia, and you need to understand the sleep problems you are facing to take the best medical treatment.
As the causes of insomnia are different, you might experience various issues, and it is essential to find the best treatment. As specified earlier, there are different types of insomnia, but short-term Insomnia and chronic Insomnia are prominent cases. Short-term insomnia occurs when the person faces sleep problems for some days in a week and maybe a couple of weeks. When it comes to chronic insomnia, you might experience the problems for more than three months.
The symptoms are falling asleep and staying asleep in both types. These are the two symptoms that concerns individuals to take treatment for proper sleep. Moreover, there are several ways to describe the particular type of insomnia. Therefore, it is essential to know the main cause of insomnia, and you can know it all by reading below.
Numerous aspects can be attributed as the cause of insomnia and other problems, but it is essential to know the root cause in any individual for providing the best treatment. If left treated, the disrupted sleep cycle of a person can deteriorate health and induce several health hazards. The basic causes of insomnia is Hyperarousal, but the trigger points are different. If a person is in a hyperarousal state, the sleep pattern is disrupted, and when the state continues for days, people have trouble falling asleep, which eventually leads to insomnia. There are numerous medical treatments to regulate the sleep cycle. Below are the reasons that let individuals stay in a hyperarousal state.
Stress is the major cause of insomnia as a person can experience significant reactions in the body that deters peaceful sleep at night. Whether it is professional or personal life, the stressful environment can certainly induce pressure on individuals without any doubts. Hyperarousal can instantly occur due to stress, and people find it hard to sleep peacefully.
The circadian rhythm, also known as the body's internal clock, scrutinizes the daily schedule from waking up to hitting the sack. It will be easier to align the circadian rhythm for people who maintain the right schedule to sleep. This is hard if you are working shifts and traveling to a different time zone. People who travel find it hard to adjust to the time zone and eventually end up with jet lag. Similarly, people working the night shift will be sleeping in the morning, which contradicts the body's internal clock. Activities that disturb the circadian rhythm can result in insomnia.
From your daily intake to your activities, even a trivial task can influence the lifestyle. Some activities result in insomnia. For example, when you watch television screens or laptops for a long time before you sleep, it might be harder to fall asleep. Similarly, napping is good, but you shouldn't sleep late in the afternoon, which can disturb your sleep cycle.
Moreover, following a proper time is very important as it can lead to insomnia. Moreover, your diet plays a crucial role and avoids having a heavy meal in the latter part of the day. Ensure that you have a healthy lifestyle by adding a good diet and regular exercise to keep you fit. Also, individuals with mental health problems can experience insomnia due to several issues. When people have an emotional imbalance, negative thoughts sprout easily, leading to hyperarousal which in turn results in disruption of your sleep cycle.
To sleep, you need a peaceful and comfortable environment. However, people who experience physical or emotional pain find it hard to keep calm, which lets them lose their sleep. Similarly, a few medications can make patients drowsy, and they sleep in the daytime, which disrupts the sleep cycle. It is better to take up the medications.
There are diverse causes that lead to insomnia, and it is essential to be cautious. Insomnia can worsen the diseases as sleep is important for a perfect lifestyle. When a person misses a peaceful sleep at night, it isn't easy to have a fresh start in the morning. Get the best medications if you have insomnia.


Retention time and dispersion associated with submerged aquatic canopies
Nepf, Heidi M.
White, Brian L.
MetadataShow full item record
The shear layer at the top of a submerged canopy generates coherent vortices that control exchange between the canopy and the overflowing water. Unlike free shear layers, the vortices in a canopy shear layer do not grow continuously downstream but reach and maintain a finite scale determined by a balance between shear production and canopy dissipation. This balance defines the length scale of vortex penetration into the canopy, δ e , and the region of rapid exchange between the canopy and overflow. Deeper within the canopy, transport is constrained by smaller turbulence scales. A two-box canopy model is proposed on the basis of the length scale δ e . Using diffusivity and exchange rates defined in previous studies, the model predicts the timescale required to flush the canopy through vertical exchange over a range of canopy density and height. The predicted canopy retention times, which range from minutes to an hour, are consistent with canopy retention inferred from tracer observations in the field and comparable to retention times for some hyporheic regions. The timescale for vertical exchange, along with the in-canopy velocity, determines the minimum canopy length for which vertical exchange dominates water renewal. Shorter canopies renew interior water through longitudinal advection. Finally, canopy water retention influences longitudinal dispersion through a transient storage process. When vertical exchange controls canopy retention, the transient storage dispersion increases with canopy height. When longitudinal advection controls water renewal, dispersion increases with canopy patch length.
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Water Resources Research 43 (2007): W04422, doi:10.1029/2006WR005362.
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
Yano, Yuriko; Shaver, Gaius R.; Giblin, Anne E.; Rastetter, Edward B.; Nadelhoffer, Knute J. (2009-06-12)We examined short- and long-term nitrogen (N) dynamics and availability along an arctic hillslope in Alaska, USA, using stable isotope of nitrogen (15N), as a tracer. Tracer levels of 15NH4+ were sprayed once onto the ...
Valiela, Ivan; Barth-Jensen, Coralie; Stone, Thomas A.; Crusius, John; Fox, Sophia E.; Bartholomew, Megan (Springer, 2013-03-19)A series of eight watersheds on the Pacific coast of Panama where conversion of mature lowland wet forest to pastures by artisanal burning provided watershed-scale experimental units with a wide range of forest cover (23, ...


“Behind the popular myths, behind the statuesque figure of the orator and the preacher, behind the general and the President of the historian, there was a strong, vigorous man, in whose veins ran warm, red blood, in whose heart were stormy passions and deep sympathy for humanity, in whose brain were far-reaching thoughts, and who was informed throughout his being with a resistless will.”
It is a shameful thing that there should ever have been any doubt in American minds of the true significance of Washington either as man or soldier or statesman. But the writers of our day have decided that—if they can help it—the sins of the fathers are not going to be visited upon “the third and fourth generation.” The call has gone out for modern champions of our ancient champion; and literature has responded with a will.
It takes long, however, to straighten out a national misconception. The new literature has not yet had time to take hold of the popular imagination. But when it does, and when we cease to regard the Father of our Country as a demigod, and begin to love him as a man, then Washington’s Birthdays everywhere will lose their stiff, perfunctory, bloodless character, and recover the inspiring, emotional quality of the early celebrations.
 In “The True History of the American Revolution” and “The Struggle for American Independence.”
 “The Seven Ages of Washington.”
 In “Curiosities of Popular Customs.”
 “General Washington.”
 Introduction to “George Washington.”
BY OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES
Welcome to the day returning,
Dearer still as ages flow,
While the torch of Faith is burning,
Long as Freedom’s altars glow!
See the hero whom it gave us
Slumbering on a mother’s breast;
For the arm he stretched to save us
Be its morn forever blest!
Vain is empire’s mad temptation!
Not for him an earthly crown!
He whose sword has freed a nation
Strikes the offered scepter down.
See the throneless conqueror seated,
Ruler by a people’s choice;
See the patriot’s task completed;
Hear the Father’s dying voice:


|— State capital city —|
|Nickname: Crossroads of the Pacific, Sheltered Bay, The Big Pineapple, Paradise|
|Coordinates: 21°19′N 157°50′W|
|- State capital city||1,177.8 sq mi (3,050.5 km²)|
|- Land||88.9 sq mi (230.2 km²)|
|- Water||1,088.9 sq mi (2,820.2 km²)|
|Elevation||0 ft (Sea Level 0 m)|
|- State capital city||390,738 (47th)|
|- Density||4,393.2/sq mi (1,696.2/km²)|
|Time zone||HAST (UTC−10)|
|GNIS feature ID||0366212|
Honolulu is the capital and most populous city area in the United States state of Hawaii. Although Honolulu refers to the urban area on the southeastern shore of the island, the city and the county are consolidated, known as the City and County of Honolulu. The city and county is designated as the entire island of Oahu. It is administered as a single entity and is home to approximately 80 percent of the state’s population. The City and County of Honolulu is the only incorporated city in Hawaii, as all other local government entities are administered at the county level.
Honolulu's history includes habitation beginning in the twelfth century C.E., annexation as a protectorate of the United States in 1900, and attack on Pearl Harbor by Imperial Japanese forces in 1941. The result of the attack led to America's entry into the World War II and the defeat of both Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan.
Honolulu is at the crossroads of trans-Pacific Ocean shipping and air routes and the focal point of inter-island services. It is the commercial and industrial center of the Hawaiian Islands. Waikīkī Beach adjacent to Honolulu attracts millions of tourist visitors annually. Aloha Stadium, Pearl Harbor and the USS Arizona Memorial, and Hickam Air Force Base are nearby. In the Hawaiian language, Honolulu means "sheltered bay" or "place of shelter."
In the Hawaiian language,Honolulu means "sheltered bay" or "place of shelter."
Honolulu extends about 10 miles (16km) along the southeast coast of the island of Oahu, and goes four miles (six kilometers) inland across a plain into the foothills of the Koolau Range. The closest location on the mainland of the United States to Honolulu is the Point Arena, California Lighthouse, at a distance of 2,353 miles or (3,787 kilometers).
Within Honolulu proper can be found several volcanic cones: Punchbowl, Diamond Head, Koko Head (includes Hanauma Bay), Koko Crater, Salt Lake, and Aliamanu being the most conspicuous.
While the city is clearly in the tropics, the climate is moderated by its mid-ocean location, and has a warm semi-arid climate. The average maximum daytime temperature in January is 80°F (27°C), rising to an average maximum of around 88°F (31°C) in July. Temperatures exceed 90°F (32°C) only rarely, with lows in the 50s°F (15°C) occurring perhaps once or twice in a year. Mean annual precipitation is 22 inches (558 mm).
The city-county covers an area of 597 square miles (1,545 square kilometers) and comprises all of Oahu and some outlying islets.
Most of the city's commercial and industrial developments are located on a narrow but relatively flat coastal plain, while numerous ridges and valleys located inland of the coastal plain divide Honolulu's residential areas into distinct neighborhoods: some spread along valley floors (like Manoa in Manoa Valley) and others climb the interfluvial ridges.
Downtown Honolulu is the financial, commercial, and governmental center of Hawaii. On the waterfront is Aloha Tower, which for many years was the tallest building in Hawaii. The tallest building in 2008 was the 438-foot (134 m)-tall First Hawaiian Center, located at King and Bishop Streets.
Kakaako is a light-industrial district between Downtown and Waikīkī that has seen large-scale redevelopment in the past decade, and has two major shopping areas—Ward Warehouse and Ward Centre.
Waikiki is the world famous tourist district of Honolulu, located between the Ala Wai Canal and the Pacific Ocean next to Diamond Head. Numerous hotels, shops, and nightlife opportunities are located along Kalakaua and Kuhio Avenues. Waikīkī Beach attracts millions of visitors a year. Just west of Waikīkī is Ala Moana Center, the world's largest open-air shopping center.
Aloha Stadium, Pearl Harbor (with the USS Arizona Memorial), and Hickam Air Force Base are located in the island's Ewa District.
The islands were first settled by Polynesians, either during the second half of the first millennium C.E. or by voyagers from the Marquesas sometime before 500 C.E., and then by immigrants from Tahiti around 1300 C.E.
Oral histories and artifacts indicate that there was a settlement where Honolulu now stands in the twelfth century.
Juan Gaetano, a Spanish navigator, may have visited in 1555. On January 18, 1778, Captain James Cook arrived and was surprised to find high islands so far north. He named them the "Sandwich Islands," after the First Lord of the Admiralty, the Fourth Earl of Sandwich, John Montagu.
After Kamehameha I (c. 1737-1819) conquered Oʻahu in the Battle of Nuʻuanu at Nuʻuanu Pali, he moved his royal court from the Island of Hawaiʻi to Waikīkī in 1804. His court later relocated, in 1809, to what is now downtown Honolulu.
Captain William Brown of England was the first foreigner to sail, in 1794, into what is now Honolulu Harbor. More foreign ships would follow, making the port of Honolulu a focal point for merchant ships traveling between North America and Asia.
In 1845, Kamehameha III moved the permanent capital of the Hawaiian Kingdom from Lahaina on Maui to Honolulu. He and the kings who followed him transformed Honolulu into a modern capital, erecting buildings such as St. Andrew's Cathedral, ʻIolani Palace, and Aliʻiōlani Hale. At the same time, Honolulu became the center of commerce in the Islands, with descendants of American missionaries establishing businesses in downtown Honolulu.
Despite the turbulent history of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, which saw the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, Hawaiʻi's subsequent annexation by the United States on February 22, 1900, and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941, Honolulu would remain the capital, largest city, and main airport and seaport of the Hawaiian Islands.
An economic and tourism boom following statehood brought rapid economic growth to Honolulu and Hawaiʻi. Modern air travel would bring thousands, eventually millions, of visitors per year to the Islands.
Honolulu is a modern city with numerous high-rise buildings, and Waikīkī is the center of the tourism industry in Hawaiʻi, with thousands of hotel rooms.
The state government of Hawaii is modeled after the U.S. federal government with adaptations originating from the kingdom era of Hawaiian history. The Governor of Hawaii is assisted by the lieutenant governor, both elected. The Hawaii State Senate comprises 25 members, and the Hawaii State House of Representatives comprises 51 members.
Honolulu is administered under a consolidated city-county form of government employing a strong mayor-council system. The Mayor of Honolulu holds executive privilegesTemplate:Mdashas opposed to mayors with only ceremonial powers—and the Honolulu City Council serves as the legislature. The mayor and city council administer the Honolulu Fire Department and Honolulu Police Department through appointed officials.
The city and county of Honolulu is divided into nine administrative districts, each of which elects a member of the city council. The boundaries of each district are revised every 10 years in conjunction with the U.S. Census. Each district is composed of unincorporated subdivisions unofficially called towns and cities.
The official seat of governance for the city and county is located within the district at Honolulu Hale, established in the 1920s as a city hall structure and houses the chambers of the Mayor of Honolulu and the Honolulu City Council.
Honolulu is the crossroads of trans-Pacific shipping and air routes, and is the focus of inter-island services. Since statehood was achieved in 1959, tourism has been the largest industry, contributing 24.3 percent of the gross state product in 1997. New efforts were underway to diversify the economy. The per capita income for the census designated place was $24,191.
Several freeways and highways link Honolulu proper with other parts of the Island of Oahu. The Honolulu metropolitan area has heavy traffic congestion during rush hours.
Located on the western end of Honolulu proper, Honolulu International Airport is the principal aviation gateway to the state of Hawaii, and is one of the busiest in the United States. Honolulu Harbor, with extensive docks, warehouses, and storage sheds, is the principal port of Hawaii.
Dubbed "America's Best Transit System" for three years, Honolulu's The Bus system operates 107 routes serving Honolulu and outlying areas on Oahu with a fleet of 531 buses.
There is no urban rail transit system in Honolulu, although electric street railways were once used. After 20 years of political maneuvering, in 2008, the residents of Honolulu voted to continue developing a rail project for electric trains approximately 200 feet long, capable of carrying more than 300 passengers.
The population of the census designated place that would cover Honolulu city was 371,657 at the 2000 census, while the combined population of the city and county was 909,863. The total population of Hawaii was 1,211,537 in 2000.
Census designated places are delineated to provide data for settled concentrations of population that are identifiable by name but are not legally incorporated under the laws of the state in which they are located.
The racial makeup was 19.67 percent White, 1.62 percent Black or African American, 0.19 percent Native American, 55.85 percent Asian, 6.85 percent Pacific Islander, 0.89 percent from other races; and 14.93 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.37 percent of the population.
Hawaiian and English are the two official languages. Hawaiian is required in official state business, while standard Hawaiian English, a subset of American English, is commonly used for other formal business. As of 2000, 73.4 percent of Hawaii residents aged five and older spoke only English at home and 7.9 percent spoke Pacific Island languages. Tagalog is the third most spoken language at 5.4 percent, followed by Japanese at 5 percent, and Chinese at 2.6 percent. Hawaiian Pidgin is an unofficial language.
Sixty-eight percent of Hawaiians identify themselves as Christian—42 percent are Protestant, 24 percent Catholic, two percent Latter Day Saints, 18 percent agnostic/non-religious, nine percent Buddhist, and five percent listed themselves as either Shinto, Tao, or other.
The Honolulu Academy of Arts is endowed with the largest collection of Asian and Western art in Hawaii. It also has the largest collection of Islamic art, housed at the Shangri La estate. The academy hosts a film and video program dedicated to arthouse and world cinema in the museum's Doris Duke Theatre, named for the academy's historic patroness Doris Duke (1912–1993).
Established in 1900, the Honolulu Symphony is the oldest U.S. symphony orchestra west of the Rocky Mountains. Other classical music ensembles include the Hawaii Opera Theatre. Honolulu is also a center for Hawaiian music. The main music venues include the Neal Blaisdell Center Concert Hall, the Waikiki Shell, and the Hawaii Theatre.
Honolulu has several venues for live theater, including the Diamond Head Theatre. Places of interest include:
The Honolulu Marathon, held annually on the second Sunday in December, draws more than 20,000 participants each year, about half to two thirds of them from Japan. The Honolulu Triathlon is an Olympic distance triathlon event governed by USA Triathlon, and is held annually in May since 2004.
Honolulu hosts the NFL's annual Pro Bowl each February in addition to the football Hawaii Bowl. Honolulu also supports the Hawaii Winter League. Venues for spectator sports include: Les Murakami Stadium at UH-Manoa (baseball), Stan Sheriff Center at UH-Manoa (basketball and volleyball), and the Neal Blaisdell Center Arena (basketball).Aloha Stadium, a venue for American football and soccer, is located in nearby community of ʻAiea.
Honolulu is the crossroads of trans-Pacific shipping and air routes, and is the focus of inter-island services. Tourism continues as the largest industry. Honolulu's greatest challenge seems to be agreeing on an urban light rail system, to help deal with traffic congestion. The city's legacy would be its repository of Hawaiiana and Pacific culture artifacts.
All links retrieved January 18, 2018.
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:


All these 1species are angiosperms. Bufret Lignende How the Cand CAM pathways help minimize photorespiration. Cphotosynthesis: how some plants avoid photorespiration.
Ccarbon fixation is less common in dicots than in monocots, with only 4. Photorespiration and CPlants.
All plants carry on photosynthesis by. CO2) to a phosphorylated 5-carbon sugar called ribulose bisphosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RUBISCO). The resulting 6-carbon compound breaks down into . Learn about what a Cplant is and what makes Cplants unique.
Cand CAM plants are plants that use certain special compounds to gather carbon dioxide (CO ) during photosynthesis. Using these compounds allows these plants to extract more CO from a given amount of air, helping them prevent water loss in dry climates. All photosynthetic plants need carbon to build sugars, and .
Although Rubisco is responsible for the vast bulk of organic carbon on the surface of the Earth, its oxygenase activity can severely reduce photosynthetic efficiency. Some plants have evolved a way to minimize the oxygenase activity of Rubisco. Also provides list of plant families having at least one Cmember. However, such environmental transitions also impact strongly on plant –water relations. We hypothesize that excessive demand for water transport associated with low CO high light and temperature would have selected for Cphotosynthesis not only to increase the efficiency and rate of photosynthesis, but also as a . Difference between c plants and c plants ? A brief overview of Cphotosynthesis.
The fundamentals of Cphotosynthesis are shown in a simplified form in the figure below. As you will recall, the photosynthesis processes of Cplants are divided between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Two steps of Cphotosynthesis that occur in the mesophyll cells are the . In all plants COis fixed by the enzyme Rubisco. It catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-5-bisphosphate, leading to two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate.
Instead of CO Rubisco can also add oxygen to ribulose-5-bisphosphate, resulting in one molecule each of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate. The problem of photorespiration is overcome in Cplants by a two-stage strategy that keeps COhigh and oxygen low in the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle operates. The class of plants called C3-Cintermediates and the CAM plants also have better strategies than Cplants for the avoidance of photorespiration.
Simplified scheme of carbon fixation pathways operating in Cand Cplants.
Animals need to eat all year roun however there is no “all season” plant to use for forage. Knowing this allows us to view the plants in their seasonal and photosynthetic. These patterns can be characterized by Cplants (cool-season, temperate) and Cplants (warm-season, tropical). It is these growth patterns that are the . It is an enzyme that catalyses the carbon fixing step at the beginning of the Calvin cycle. It is possibly the most important molecule on the planet.
Almost every carbon atom in every . Whereas most plants perform what is known as Cphotosynthesis, plants that have adapted to hot environments perform a modified form known as Cphotosynthesis.


It could lead to a new generation of personalized artificial organs.
Bioprinting holds great potential for repairing injuries, testing drugs or replacing whole organs, but it’s currently limited in complexity, viability and speed — you can’t just create tissue on a whim. Soon, though, it might be a matter of crafting whatever you need when you need it. Scientists at EPFL and University Medical Center Utrecht have developed an optical system that can bioprint complex, highly viable living tissue in “just a few seconds.” It would represent a breakthrough compared to the clunky, layer-based processes of today.
The approach, volumetric bioprinting, forms tissue by projecting a laser down a spinning tube containing hydrogel full of stem cells. You can shape the resulting tissue simply by focusing the laser’s energy on specific locations to solidify them, creating a useful 3D shape within seconds. After that, it’s a matter of introducing endothelial cells to add vessels to the tissue.
The resulting tissues are currently just a few inches across. That’s still enough to be “clinically useful,” EPFL said, and has already been used to print heart-like valves, a complex femur part and a meniscus. It can create interlocking structures, too.
While this definitely isn’t ready for real-world use, the applications are fairly self-evident. EPFL imagines a new wave of “personalized, functional” organs produced at “unprecedented speed.” This could be helpful for implants and repairs, and might greatly reduce the temptation to use animal testing — you’d just need to produce organs to simulate effects. This might be as much an ethics breakthrough as it is a technical one.


A part of the story of the snake or serpent can be described as its Judeo-Christian demonic decline: from being a highly sacred creature to the Goddess Hecate, a snake goddess, to a symbol of evil, Satan himself. Like Hecate, the serpent represents birth and rebirth whereas Satan represents death.
“The snake is the main image of vitality and continuity of life,” wrote anthropologist Marija Gimbutas, “the guarantor of life energy in the home, and the symbol of family and animal life.” Within each and various culture the snake symbolizes the same and yet different things.
It is a feared goddess of the river, a messenger and spirit being of Native America, a water spirit and a god of Africa. These similar characteristics compose a powerful symbol universally.
As snakes shed their skin through sloughing, casting off dead tissue, they symbolize rebirth, transformation, immortality, and healing. The ouroboros symbolizes eternity and the continued renewal of life.
But, opposite symbolism of the snake lies in Biblical lore: the Serpent of Genesis, Satan himself. Representing Satan the snake becomes the great tempter, as noted by historian Jean Markale, helped by the Apocalypse where the “great serpent…is the image of absolute evil.” The snake represented life renewed for thousands of years until the Hebrews and Christians waged successful campaigns fighting such symbolism.
With the emergence of the all-male Canaanite God, Yahweh/Jehovah, the feminine deity and snake were relegated and associated with evil. The Hebrews fiercely believed the snake was possessed by Satan or was Satan himself.
Originally in Jewish folklore, according to Page Bryant, the serpent walked upright the same as man and ate the same food. Once he saw Adam and Eve engaged in sexual intercourse and became jealous which caused him to tempt Eve to eat of the forbidden fruit.
Legend goes onto say as a punishment from God the serpent’s hands and feet were to be cut off so he would crawl on its belly, all the food it ate would taste of dust, and it became the eternal enemy of man. However before his punishment was inflicted he had the opportunity to have sexual intercourse with Eve.
Because of this the Israelites were not purified until they stood at Mt. Sinai and received the torah. “‘Gentiles however,'” according to Alan Utermann, “‘were never cleansed of the serpentine impurity'”
Contrast to this anti-serpentine attitude in Armenian folklore, according to Anthony S. Mercatante, “Christ himself is identified with Shahapet, a beneficent serpent who inhabited olive trees and vine stocks in ancient mythology.” Other scholars found similar serpentine attitude in European and Indo-European mythology. Prior to 4500 BCE in Old Europe the serpent was considered benevolent, a symbol of life and fertility in plants, animals, and humans as well.
Snakes were thought to be guardians of life and immortality, and of those superior riches of the spirit symbolized by hidden treasure. However, the poisonous snake in Old Europe lore signaled the epiphany of the Goddess of Death.
Coinciding in Indo-European lore (4000-2500 BCE) began describing the snake as evil to promote the God of Death, an anniversary of the Thunder God eventually leading to the decline of Goddess worship and the establishment of the male-dominated religion of the Sky God.
Bodily the snake is not sacred, noted Gimbutas (op. cit.); it is the energy exuded by this coiling creature which transcends its boundaries and influences the surrounding world. But in Christian theology, Hans Leisegang notes, the serpent becomes the prince of the world, the adversary of the transcendental God, the dragon of the outer darkness, who has barred off this world from above, so that it can by redeemed only by being annihilated. A.G.H.
Armenian mythology, “Shahapet,” < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_mythology>
Serpent (symbolism), Fertility and rebirth. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_%28symbolism%29#Fertility_and_rebirth>
Varner, Gary R. Hecate the Witches’ Goddess, 2011 ebook.


Smart Bus Tracking and Management System Using IoT
Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST) Volume 1, Issue 2, 2017
3 Pages Posted: 28 Mar 2017
Date Written: March 26, 2017
Bus tracking is an application that tracks a bus and gathers the distance to each station along its route. Tracking System involves the installation of an electronic device in a bus, with an installed Android App on any SMART phone to enable the Administrator/User to track the bus location. Based on IoT this project is implemented as android application. There are two applications one for server and the other for the client. Buses carry GPS devices to track their positions. By this positions to server are periodically updated. Client application displays map showing the position of bus. It shows where buses are on a map and provide students and staffs the updated information at different time interval using RTC. The server will monitor location and will store its data in the database. It is a real-time system as this method automatically sends the information on the GPS system to a system/SMART phone. The students/staffs can get flexibility of planning travel using the app, to decide when to catch the bus. Arduino UNO microcontroller is used to programming for software and hardware module. And it is connected to the cloud and following through the android app. The waiting time of the user can be reduced. Simple mode of communication is the key feature of the Bus Tracking system. This application can be easily extended for central tracking system to keep track of all the buses. The different queries and efficient route management can be easily done through central server system.
Keywords: GPS, RTC and Arduino UNO.
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


Candida: Natural Treatments
By Dr. Mao Shing Ni
Over 500 symbiotic species of bacteria and yeast live in our gastrointestinal tract. These intestinal flora play a key role in digestion and the absorption of essential nutrients. They’re also responsible for producing essential fatty acids from ingested foods, producing valuable nutrients (including B vitamins and vitamin K), facilitating the metabolism of drugs, protecting us from infection by pathogenic bacteria, maintaining a healthy intestinal acid-base balance, and enhancing immune functions. One of the most common intestinal flora is the yeast Candida albicans.
If the balance of the intestinal flora is disturbed through prolonged use of antibiotics, birth control pills, or immune-suppressant drugs, hormonal imbalance, improper diet, excessive stress, or alcohol abuse, candida can flourish, to the detriment of the human host. At first the outgrowth is limited to the intestines, where it produces alcohol and other toxic by-products, putting stress on the body. If left untreated, the condition can expand beyond the intestines and invade other parts of the body, including the abdomen, lungs, and other cavities.
The resulting infection overburdens the immune system, causing symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, muscle and joint pains, and gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and bloating after eating. Severe infections can also cause depression, memory problems, infertility, and allergies. Recent research suggests that gluten allergies may be linked to chronic candida infestation. Other common manifestations linked to candida overgrowth include oral thrush, skin infections, and vaginal yeast infections.
Chinese medicine classifies candida as an accumulation of excessive dampness and heat in the body. Because the functions of the spleen-pancreas-stomach network are weakened, normal digestion is impaired, causing buildup of dampness, which is heavy in property and tends to occupy the lower parts of the body. Dampness is the ancient way of describing mold or fungal infestation. The sticky, congealing nature of dampness combined with emotional stress blocks the free flow of energy, producing pathogenic heat. This dampness and heat together cause the symptoms of candida infection.
I have seen many patients suffer from fatigue, muscle weakness, digestive disturbances, and even infertility as the result of a candida infestation. Often these patients have a history of abusing sugar and wheat products, of being exposed to mold, or of being emotionally and physically rundown. By identifying the causes, and by using herbal and dietary therapy and acupuncture, I have been able to help my patients return their bodies to a healthy state.
Related conditions: yeast infections
Here are some recommendations.
- Diet for Candida
- Home Remedies for Candida
- Daily Vitamin Supplements for Candida
- Herbal Therapy for Candida
- Qi Gong Movements for Candida
- Self-Acupressure for Candida
- Candida: Advice on what to avoid
DIET FOR CANDIDA
The most important line of defense against candida is a proper diet. The diet should be low in refined carbohydrates and high in protein and essential fatty acids.
- Include more citrus fruits, cabbage, shiitake mushrooms, ginger, dandelions, beet tops, carrot tops, barley, garlic, cayenne pepper, mung beans, kohlrabi, turmeric, oregano, cilantro, rosemary, dill, sage, fennel, cardamom, and anise in your diet.
- Foods should be rotated in your diet. The easiest way to acquire a food allergy is to consume the same foods repeatedly.
- Whole grains are fine, but limit the quantity.
- Leftovers should be frozen, not refrigerated, since mold or fungus has a great opportunity to grow overnight.
- Avoid Cold and raw foods, in which microbes are naturally present and can cause digestive dampness.
- Avoid Most fruits and juices, as well as starchy vegetables, such as potatoes, carrots, and squash.
- Eliminate all breads, including refined wheat and rye breads.
- Eliminate dairy products, cheeses of all kinds.
- Eliminate alcohol, sugar, pastries, pickled foods, and vinegar.
HOME REMEDIES FOR CANDIDA
- Boil a handful of fresh dandelion greens in 3 cups of water for 10 minutes. Strain, and drink 3 cups a day.
- Eat 2 to 3 fresh garlic cloves a day, with or without food.
- Make a tea by boiling 1 teaspoon oregano, 1/ 4 teaspoon cayenne pepper, and 1/2 teaspoon ginger in 3 cups water for 10 minutes. Strain, and drink 2 to 3 cups a day.
DAILY SUPPLEMENTS FOR CANDIDA
- Taking probiotics such as acidophilus (3 to 10 million cultures daily) can help control candida overgrowth.
- Mix 1 tablespoon of soluble fiber-guar gum, psyllium husks, flaxseeds, or pectin-in 1 cup of water. Drink 2 times a day on an empty stomach. This is essential for healthy bowels.
- Enteric-coated garlic pills (900 milligrams) can inhibit growth of candida.
- Caprylic acid (300 milligrams) is used as a mild antifungal.
HERBAL THERAPY FOR CANDIDA
Herbs can be found in health food or vitamin stores, online, and at the offices of Chinese medicine practitioners. Herbs should be t1sed according to individual needs; consult with a licensed practitioner for a customized formulation. To learn more about the herbs listed here, go to www.askdrmao.com.
- Taheebo bark tea taken 3 times a day can have an inhibitory effect 011 yeast overgrowth.
- Taking tea tree, peppermint, oregano, and lavender oils in enteric-coated capsules can be helpful for controlling yeast overgrowth.
- Chinese herbs with specific and general antifungal abilities include pagoda tree fruit, chaulmoogra seeds, erythrina bark, aloe vera, and genkwa flower.
- A traditional herbal formula for clearing up damp heat consists of the herbs gentian root, skullcap, gardenia, akebia, plantain, alisma, bupleurum, rehmannia, dong quai, and licorice. This formula is often combined with or followed by formulations that support the spleen, stomach, and digestive functions and that contain herbs such as astragalus, codonopsis, atractylodes, tangerine, cardamom, and dioscorea.
EXERCISE FOR CANDIDA
In addition to a regular physical exercise regimen, I recommend qi gong exercises to strengthen the stomach, spleen, and digestive system and promote the flow of energy in the abdomen. Perform the following exercise twice a day on an empty stomach.
- Lie down on your back comfortably, with your hands at your sides. Focus on your navel. Visualize a golden disk the size of a Frisbee spinning around your entire abdomen with its center at your navel.
- With every inhalation the disk spins half of a full circle. With every exhalation the disk completes the other half of the circle.
- Breathe deeply so that the disk spins slowly, corresponding to your respiration, for a total of 21 times in the clockwise direction.
- Reverse the direction of the disk’s rotation and repeat the breathing-spinning sequence.
ACUPRESSURE FOR CANDIDA
- Locate the acupoint Foot Three Miles (ST-36), four fingerwidths below and to the outside of the right kneecap. Apply moderate pressure with your right thumb. Hold for 5 minutes. Repeat on the left leg.
- Locate the acupoint Winding Gulch (LI-11), in the depression at the outer part of the left elbow crease, between the elbow tendon and the bone. The point is best located when the arm is bent at 90 degrees with the palm facing the abdomen. Apply steady pressure with your right thumb until you feel soreness. Hold for 3 minutes. Repeat on the right arm.
Both of these points have traditionally been used to strengthen digestive function and enhance immunity.
CANDIDA: WHAT TO AVOID
- Excessive activity, straining the body, and overeating. Get plenty of sleep.
- Alcohol, smoking, and caffeine, as they weaken the q1.
- Eating foods you’re allergic to, which can aggravate candida. Rotate foods and eliminate gluten.
- Stress, anxiety, and emotional turmoil, which cause the qi to stagnate and complicate the condition.
- Excessive use of antibiotics and hormones, which can cause candida.


The First Line of Defense Against Hunger
Pumping more than $1 billion into New Jersey’s local economies each year, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) feed tens of thousands of low-income workers, children, senior citizens, veterans and people with disabilities, reducing hunger in the Garden State.
Boosting SNAP Report, 2021
As the first line of defense against hunger, SNAP helps about 750,000 New Jersey residents afford food each day.
Enact state policies to broaden assistance allowing households receiving at least $21 per month in energy assistance to qualify for higher SNAP aid.
Strengthen policies and programs to avoid punishing people who cannot find a job or participate in a training program.
Address barriers to participation, including application streamlining and community outreach.
Not nearly enough. More than 230,000 New Jersey seniors face hunger each year, yet less than half of eligible seniors receive SNAP.
Change state policies to make it easier for seniors to apply for and receive SNAP.
More than a third of college students don’t always have enough to eat, yet only about one-third of hungry students access aid through SNAP, according to a 2018 U.S. Government Accountability Office report.
Hungry college students may be forced to delay their education to make ends meet – setting them up for a cycle of poverty that becomes difficult to break.
New Jersey recently enacted the Hunger Free Campus Act, (A-4702/S-3239), which establishes a fund to help colleges expand access to SNAP and enact other policies to combat campus hunger. We will be working with state officials and the college community to ensure successful implementation.


There are many places where you can utilize to obtain ample gardening information. You could spend an entire day searching sites and looking for information that is specific to your garden’s issues. This article gathers all the best tips into one place so you need in order to take up gardening.
Make sure to lay the sod is laid properly.Pull all the weeds and break up any clods of soil.Make sure your soil is packed firmly and even. Make sure you work with a moist all the way through. Lay the sod down in alternated rows, ensuring the seams meet perfectly.
The first thing you can do to ward off garden pests is to ensure you are using healthy soil in your garden. Healthy plants are naturally more resilient against pests and disease. Use a high-quality organic soil and as few chemicals as possible.
Pre-soak seeds through the night in a dark area. This hydrates your seeds to be watered and they will get a kick start when growing. The seeds will be better able to survive and maturing.
You could also try to offend the cats sense of smell with orange rinds or mothballs.
When you are mowing your lawn do not cut it as short as possible. If you leave more height to your grass, roots be able to grow more deeply in the soil, making your lawn stronger. Short grass means short roots and turning brown.
Soil needs to be rich in certain nutrients to grow healthy plants. Depending on what kind of plants you want in your garden, the soil might or might not be adapted. It can happen where one artificial area is designated to have just one type of soil.
If the soil in your garden has a high concentration of alkaline, mix some coffee grounds into it. Coffee grounds contain plenty of acid to the soil so that it is pH-balanced. This simple act can lead to vegetables that taste better and greenery to really thrive.
You can prevent pests from your garden by using other plants or natural materials. Slugs are repelled by bordering your vegetable garden with a patch of marigolds or marigolds. These methods prevent use harsh chemicals.
Make sure that your deciduous shrubs are protected. If you have some tender shrubs that are in planters, you need to protect them from cold weather. Tie together the tops, and then use a sheet or blanket to cover the wigwam loosely. This method works better than covering your bushes in plastic, allowing air to circulate and preventing rotting.
Place organic mulch close to your vegetables as you can. Mulch helps the soil surrounding the plants remain moister for longer. This method will also helps reduce the appearance of weeds. You’ll save a time saver since you won’t have to pull out weeds.
Know the perfect time to harvest each of the vegetables you plant. Each type of produce has unique time frames for harvesting. For example, peas and zucchinis are tastiest when picked young. Tomatoes, in contrast, are tastiest when they have been allowed to ripen on the vine as long as possible.
Horticulture is a relaxing activity. There are numerous avenues to pursue when attempting to find personal peace and peace. Gardening is a great way to achieve this goal. It requires a small monetary investment of money but has tremendous returns. The best return is the emotional satisfaction of planting and tranquility you can get from growing your very own greenery.
Ensuring your plants are both dry and aerated is a great way to keep them healthy. Excess moisture creates an appealing environment for disease and parasites. One parasite you have to watch out for in particular is fungi. It is possible to control fungi with sprays, but the key is to treat your garden before any problems arise.
Use care when watering your garden. Use a soaker hose to save time so that you do not have to water each plant individually with a hose nozzle, or be refilling a watering can constantly. Use low water pressure to avoid damaging tender members of your garden. Let it water the plants for a while you do other things.
Bees like it because it gives them nectar in the spring. Heather beds are typically left untouched, because they don’t usually get bothered by human activity. Keep this in mind and remember to always wear gloves when you prune your heather!
It is simple to prepare the soil in a perennial flowers. Use your spade to slice chunks of turf up, then flip each piece over, then spread the area with approximately three inches of wood chips.Wait two weeks, and then you are ready to jump right in with digging and planting.
In the middle of the day the vegetables have softened, which means they are easily damaged. You should also be sure to cut them off the vine and not twist them, as twisting can hurt the plant.
Take the necessary time needed to plant your seeds. You should start by adding moisture to the soil. Bury them 3 times deeper than the size that they are. Some seeds should not be buried at all as they need light in order to grow.
Keep your garden tools handy to work more efficiently.
Make the most of the time spent in your garden every day. Don’t waste time by looking all over for lost tools. Prepare all of your tools prior to working in the garden, and then put them back in their place when done. If you need, purchase a tool belt or heavy duty pants with plenty of pockets.
The ideal temperature to set your thermostat for indoor plants is between 65-75 degrees Fahrenheit during the daylight hours. It is important for them to be kept in this temperature range if they are to grow properly. If you do not want to keep your home that warm during the winter months, you can get a heat lamp for the organic plants instead.
Do you want to know how to kill weeds naturally?Take newspapers and use them for controlling weeds. Weeds can’t grow when there is adequate sunlight. The newspaper will kill the weeds because they no longer receive any sunlight. Newspapers break down into compost nicely.You can cover the newspapers with mulch on top for aesthetic reasons.
Add mulch to keep your garden to improve the vitality of the soil. The mulch in a protection for the soil under it. Mulch will keep the soil is kept cool on hot days and protect your roots. This will ensure your soil keep its moisture by reducing the rate of evaporation. It will also very good at controlling the weeds.
If you change things up on a regular basis by varying your planting locations, you will have a way to keep fungus at bay.
Have plastic bags on hand to put over dirty gardening shoes. This keeps your flow going, so you can get back out to the garden quickly and finish your work.
Research the local botanical insecticides which can help keep any pest population. Natural insecticides can sometimes kill pests more powerfully than ones that have chemicals in them. However, botanical insecticides may not last as long because of their biological makeups, they often decay and disappear quickly.
You will need to make an organic garden. You do this by slicing underneath the turf with a spade. Once that is done, flip it over and cover the affected area with wood chips a few inches in depth. Leave it to settle for a few weeks and then you will be able to plant within it.
When planting seeds in containers, remember that the planting depth should be around three times bigger than the seed size. It is important to note though, that not all seeds are covered to this depth, as some need direct sunlight to grow properly. These seeds include petunias and ageratum. If you do now know how to plant your seed, consult the information that came with the seed when you bought it or check online for helpful information.
Organic horticulture has been made easy with just a few simple techniques. You should plan your landscaping by using native grasses, bushes and grasses.If you opt for native plants that work well with your climate and soil, the need for having to purchase fertilizers and pesticides could be eliminated. Native plants will thrive if you encourage growth with organically made from native materials such as grass clippings and leaves.
Gardening can be very rewarding. The better educated you are about horticulture, the greater your skills will be. You should accumulate lots of valuable information on gardening. So, use the tips you just learned from this article and before you know it your garden will be that much closer to your dream garden as possible.
Leave a Reply
You must be logged in to post a comment.


- When a U.S. company hires an independently-operated call center in India to handle telephone customer service, this is an example of outsourcing customer service.
- When a company contracts out the development of a website, this is an example of outsourcing web design.
outsourcing - Computer Definition
The transferring of certain business functions from internal staff to outside contractors. Outsourcing commonly is applied to non-core functions, such as accounting, information technology, human resources, facilities management, fleet management, parts manufacturing, payroll, press relations, and real estate management for reasons that include lowering costs, avoiding liabilities, and allowing management to focus on the core business. Outsourcing also is an excellent way for management to shift or even avoid responsibility. See also job security and offshoring.
(1) Contracting with outside consultants, software houses or service bureaus to perform systems analysis, programming and datacenter operations. Contrast with insourcing. See netsourcing, ASP, SSP and facilities management.
(2) Contracting with organizations outside your country for work that could otherwise be done by employees within your company. Contrast with insourcing.
outsourcing - Investment & Finance Definition
An increasingly popular process in which a company contracts with another company to manage services that it needs but that it doesn’t want to provide itself. Typically, outsourced services are non-core activities such as janitorial services, information technology, and food catering for the employee cafeteria. Sometimes companies outsource manufacturing and focus on sales and marketing. Outsourcing is popular because it allows companies to reduce short-term costs.


Arduino Home : www.sharetechnote.com
Now you got an Arduino board and did the software installation for programming and even completed the first LED example that I described in Basic Test section.
Then what would you do next ? Usually most of people including me get over excited at this most ment and like to trying whatever pops up in mind.
Same thing happened to my son who just started mechnical engineering in the university. As you may guess from what he studies, he is not an electric/digital guy and have no previous of experience of making any circuit beyond the simple battery connection to a couple of LED or motor in high school physics class.
Following is what he first tried. Look at the beautiful tangling wires and aligator clips just to light up a small LED. And then he hit the program he used for Basic Test. Result ? .... Nothing happens with the LED :)
At least, Pin selection looks OK. He picked GND port and port 13 that is configured as output pin by the program. However since I know he is new to every electric circuit concept, I asked 'what does GND mean ?', 'how did you figure out you need to connect the wire to this pin ?'.
He said 'I don't know.. I just did as what I see here (showing a page on the internet showing a basic LED circuit). I know understanding the concept of GND (Ground) is not that easy if you don't have any experience with the electrical circuit and it will be even more difficult to get the basic knowledge/information that is required to make even such a simple circuit work.
So I decided to write this post for those who are really new to electric circuit like my son now and myself many years ago. Since I am also from completely different area far,far away from electrical engineering and not an expert at all even now, I think super, super basic information like this will be helpful for many people.
For your information, the reason why the circuit shown above didn't work was .. he used a LED that require large current and didn't think of the polarity of the LED when he was connecting it to the circuit. Using a small LED requiring less current and connecting with proper polarity, it worked.
I will be posting here about the very basic things about Arduino board or factors you need consider before you make any circuit. I will keep updating the page as I learn and I observe more on my son :)
You may not need to know when you are writing the program and developing a circuit with your board connected to a PC because PC USB would provide proper power (voltage and current) to the board. But eventually you will run the board without using the board after the development (You would not want to chase the toy car holding your laptop connected to the Arduino board installed on the toy :). Then, you should use external battery pack to operate the board. It means you need to know about the required power (current and voltage) to operate the board. Simply put, you need to know how many batter do I have to connect to run the board.
Followings are what my son found from internet. (you may try to find the same/additional information on your own). The first thing you need to learn as an engineer (or future engineer) is to learn how to find the information that you need .
I know you are eager to connect something to the pins (input / output pins) on the board and make something work. But before you connect anything to the pins, it is highly recommended to know the basic electrical specification of each pins. The most important specification will be input and output specification of each pins. With understanding of these specification, you can find answers to following questions


Push Ups: Wastage of Time Or Purposeful
Physical fitness exercises have improved and revolutionized and within this revolution some of the basic exercises have lost their places. According to Ido Fishman, push-ups is one such exercise which seems to be forgotten in a short time. This is perhaps because a small majority of fitness trainers tell their clients that this exercise is not very effective and non-benefitting. They argue that knee push-ups is not helpful in producing strength in the upper body.
However, this argument is totally false, absurd and quite to the opposite. Ido Fishman explains that plethora of researches show that knee push-ups is one of the best exercises for producing strengthening upper body portion. Majority of fitness trainers and experts in the field believe that every person should master the art of delivering push-ups correctly.
Push Ups Essential For Activating Upper Body Muscles
Ido Fishman supports his argument also on the basis of a research on push-ups compiled in a journal called “Journal of Applied Biomechanics”. In this research paper, the authors have dealt with the issue whether push-ups is benefitting for the upper body portion or not. They have concluded their report with the advice for every human being that they should not skip push-ups. However, one cannot easily master toe push-ups so go for the alternate i.e. knee push-ups. So the basic idea is that if a person is finding difficulty in delivering toe push-ups then do knee push-ups. Another research suggests that whether a person is doing toe or knee push-ups, both exercises activate muscles in the upper body portion.
So those who take push-ups for granted are entirely incorrect. It is an exercise which is not an exercise only for upper body. In fact, it strengthens various parts of a human body like triceps, pecs as well as deltoids. In addition, push-ups are very effective in developing muscular endurance which in return betters fitness and provides excellent health.
Toe Push-Ups Vs. Knee Push-Ups
This research surely proves the point that against knee push-ups, toe push-ups are far more superior and effective. This is so because they activate most of the muscles in upper body section. On the other hand, toe push-ups are more demanding and can be quite difficult for many people to pull out. For instance, people who are old may find it difficult to do toe push-ups with ease. Similarly, those who are newly introduced to toe push-ups also find it very challenging if they are young and not bulky. So when they try to do toe push-ups their necks and hips are seen moving and dis-aligned. As a consequence, they could get themselves exposed to muscle pulling or other internal injuries.
Encouragement Is The Key
Similarly, in case knee push-ups doers fail to touch their chests to the ground, they shouldn’t be ashamed of. Instead they should encourage them to keep trying and at least a person can do 5 to 10 on first day. So starting with 5 or 10 push-ups on daily basis for a month can help the person to increase his or her push-ups. But since knee push-ups are easier than toe push-ups therefore knee push-ups can be given preference.
Doing knee push-ups also has a plus point. For instance, if a person is doing knee push-ups for a considerable amount of time, then moving on to toe push-ups becomes easy. Since upper body muscles are already used to bear the pressure therefore toe push-ups are easily done without too much of difficulty. Similarly, fatigue is not felt by a regular knee push-ups doer when he shifts to toe push-ups. However, shifting from knee to toe push-ups is recommended when a person can do at least 15 to 20 knee push-ups on daily basis.
Art of Doing Push Ups Perfectly
Here are some of the techniques which can be performed for pulling push-ups perfectly: –
- While doing push-ups a person should try to open his hands wider than his shoulders.
- In the second step chest should be positioned at the same level where elbows are positioned.
- Thirdly, position your body in a strong posture so as to bear the fatigue
Every sort of exercise has its own purpose and not meaningful. Every activity we do on daily basis which involves physical movement involves muscle activation. If muscles are strong then the activity can be done easily. Similarly, we are living in a time where fitness is a must because we have to work hard and, at the same time, look better as well. So why not start with either toe or knee push-ups which does not cost a dime but provides greater health and improved muscles.


Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: August 20, 2004
Publication Date: February 15, 2005
Citation: Stuedemann, J.A., Seman, D.H. 2005. Integrating genetics, environment, and management to minimize animal toxicoses. Book Chapter. Interpretive Summary: Tall fescue is a valuable pasture grass that is grown on over 49 million acres primarily in the east and southern parts of the U. S. It is estimated that it is grazed by over 8.5 million beef cows and 700,000 horses. Its contribution to agricultural production and environmental quality is dependant upon the mutualistic relationship between a fungus or endophyte that lives inside the plant and the plant itself. The fungus gives the plant hardiness that enables it to survive in environments that it would ordinarily die in. Unfortunately, the wild-type endophyte or fungus that is present in over 80 percent of the tall fescue pastures in the U. S. also results in animal health problems that cost producers over 600 million dollars annually. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and summarize literature dealing with opportunities for eliminating, reducing or minimizing the effects of the endophyte on animal production. This interpretive review was compiled by researchers at the J. Phil Campbell Sr., Natural Resource Conservation Center, Watkinsville, GA. In spite of a recent major breakthrough that involves insertion of nontoxic endophyte strains into various varieties of fescue, there are still many pasture and animal management options, as well as dietary additives and supplements, that have value in reducing the impact of wild-type endophyte infested tall fescue on animal production. However, none appear to have universal application. This information can be used by producers, consultants and the Cooperative Extension Service to better design management options that improve productivity of animals grazed on tall fescue.
Technical Abstract: Since the discovery of the wild-type endophyte and the accumulation of evidence associating its presence in tall fescue with reduced animal productivity, much research has been devoted to developing methods aimed at reducing the impact of endophyte-infested tall fescue on animal production. Our objective was to summarize this body of research. We briefly assessed the impact of the endophyte on animal performance and production. We have summarized opportunities for eliminating, reducing, or minimizing negative effects on animal production by pasture and/or animal management. These opportunities include reseeding with endophyte-free fescues, or fescues containing non-ergot alkaloid producing endophytes, dilution with other grasses or legumes, differential stocking rate, differential forage mass available, stockpiling of forage, and mechanical management of the pasture such as mowing. We reviewed the impact of a host of feed treatments and dietary additives on the symptoms of fescue toxicosis. The role of pharmacologic agents and the potential for immunologic protection have been included. Lastly, we have coupled the role of producer expectations with management time and expertise in making decisions to minimize the effects of fescue toxicosis.


Your support is critical to our success.
Origin and Habitat: Namaqualand, Northern Cape, South Africa.
Habitat: They strive for life in quartz plains under bushes or among stones in undisturbed places where original vegetation is remaining and where it is very difficult to spot. They grow mostly buried in the ground. The transparent fenestrate leaf tips are often above the sand and allow light into the leaves for photosynthesis.
Conophytum lydiae (H.Jacobsen) G.D.Rowley
Natl. Cact. Succ. J. (U. K.) 33(1): 7 (1978)
- Conophytum lydiae (H.Jacobsen) G.D.Rowley
- Ophthalmophyllum lydiae H.Jacobsen
- Conophytum haramoepense (L. Bolus) G.D.Rowley
- Ophthalmophyllum haramoepense L. Bolus
- Conophytum spathulatum (L. Bolus) G.D.Rowley
- Ophthalmophyllum spathulatum L. Bolus
Description: Conophytum lydiae, also known as Ophthalmophyllum lydiae, is a dwarf leaf-succulent with beautiful, green bodies, with striking pink flowers. Single or sparsely branched with age.
Bodies (paired leaves): 20-30 mm tall, 12-20 mm wide, 5-10 mm thick, soft in substance, cylindric to urn-shaped, that grows less symmetrically as it ages, bilobed at the apex, lobes closely pressed together, fissure shallow, upper face irregularly convex or obliquely truncate, greenish and windowed. Windows sharply bordered, translucent and shining or half obscured crossing the whole leaf top, often olive-green, reddish or deep purple at the sides, glabrous or very finely papillate. The opacity of its sides sometimes extends to the apex. Sheath yellowish-brown, thin and brittle.
Flowers: Autumnal, diurnal, faintly scented. Bracteoles very fleshy, exserted for 3-5 mm, keeled, acute, glabrous. Calyx-tube 6-8 mm long, sepals 6(-8), dark green. Corolla-tube 8-10 mm long, fused with the calyx-tube for 2-5 mm. Petals 35-55 in 2-3 series, 8-12 mm long, 2 mm wide and often broadly spathulate pink or white often tipped reddish-pink which intensifies over time. Inner petals (filamentaceous staminodes) short, numerous. Stamens to 45, filaments pale green, anthers pale yellow; style to 4 mm long, stigmas 6, to 10 mm long, pale yellowish green.
Fruits (capsules): 6-chambered 3x5 mm, pale brown. Capsules are hygrochastic, a mechanism whereby seeds are dispersed by raindrops. When it rains, the keels of the wet seed capsules push open valves. Raindrops hitting the open seed capsule splatter seeds in different directions, thus ensuring recruitment and the subsequent survival of the species.
Seeds: Very numerous, 0.55 mm long.
Remarks: Similar transparent windows, as been described for Fenestraria rhopalophylla and certain other species of Conophytum ( e.g. in Conophytum maughanii)
Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Conophytum lydiae group
- Conophytum haramoepense (L. Bolus) G.D.Rowley: has (perhaps) more reddish sides, a green top, and brilliant pink flower. Distribution: Haramoep near Aggeneys (Namaqualand, South Africa).
- Conophytum lydiae (H.Jacobsen) G.D.Rowley: has green bodies buried in the ground, upper face convex, greenish and windowed. Flowers are rose-pink or white with pink tips. Distribution: Namaqualand, South Africa.
Bibliography: Major refences and further lectures
1) Heidrun E. K. Hartmann (2001) “Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Aizoaceae A – E” Springer
2) Hammer, S. 1993. “The Genus Conophytum - A Conograph.” Succulent Plant Publications, Pretoria.
3) Hammer, S. 2002. “Dumpling and His Wife: New Views of the Genus Conophytum.” East Anglia Engraving Creative Colour Ltd, Norwich, England.
4) Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. "Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist." Strelitzia 14.
5) S. M Walters “The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: Casuarinaceae to Aristolochiaceae” Cambridge University Press, 1989
6) Victor, J.E. & Hammer, S.A. 2006. Conophytum lydiae (H.Jacobsen) G.D.Rowley. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2015.1. Accessed on 2015/12/17
Ophthalmophyllum lydiae Varsputs.jpg Photo by: Valentino Vallicelli
The gallery now contains thousands of pictures, however it is possible to do even more. We are, of course, seeking photos of species not yet shown in the gallery but not only that, we are also looking for better pictures than those already present. Read More...
Cultivation and Propagation: The Conophytums belonging to the Ophthalmophyllum group are some of the world's most fascinating plants and are sought by the collector of succulent plants. They grow on winter rain and heads for summer dormancy. They are notoriously difficult to grow because they rot very easily. Paying attention to the particular growing requirement of Ophthalmophyllum is especially important. If you provide the Ophthalmophyllum with the right conditions, they will reward you with their unique shape, size, colour and a proliferation of blooms in autumn. However, Ophthalmophyllum are tricky plants that are very particular about their growing conditions and require the right maintenance in order to keep happy. But don't be afraid even the best growers have plants that mysteriously dry up, or leave during the night. While Ophthalmophyllum are picky about their care, if you are patient and remember the basics, your efforts will be rewarded. Being small plants, a representative collection can be grown on a patio table, a sunny windowsill or a shelf in the greenhouse.
The growing season in northern hemisphere is from September to March.
Soil: It grows best in sandy-gritty soil and requires good drainage as it it is prone to root rot. It can grows outdoor in sunny, dry, rock crevices (protection against winter wet is required) It can also be cultivated in alpine house, in poor, drained soil.
Repotting: Repotting every year is not recommended. They may stay in the same pot for many years. Plants grown in larger containers have frequently relatively poor flowers. They might improve when the plants are given their own, small individual pots.
Fertilization: Feed it once during the growing season with a fertilizer specifically formulated for cactus and succulents (poor in nitrogen), including all micro nutrients and trace elements diluted to ½ the strength recommended on the label. It thrives in poor soils and need a limited supplies of fertilizer to avoid the plants developing excess vegetation, which is easily attacked by fungal diseases.
Watering: The Ophthalmophyllum thrive in dry and desert regions and are able to stand extended periods of drought and require careful watering. Water minimally in summer, (only occasional misting), water more abundantly after the previous year's leaves have dried up when they are growing in the autumn and spring, but let the soil dry between soaking. Requires little water otherwise its epidermis breaks (resulting in unsightly scars). If grown in a container, bottom watering by immersing the container is recommended. Ensure a very good ventilation.
Light: It enjoy some shade (avoid direct sun as it grows wild among rocks and under the shade of other plants) and in summer it need to be kept in a cool area.
Hardiness: It prefer a very bright situation and require a minimum temperature 5°C (But will take a light frost and is hardy down to -7° C for short periods if it is in dry soil). USDA zones 9A – 11.
Uses: Container, rock garden.
Pests and diseases: It is vulnerable to mealybugs and rarely scale.
Propagation: It can be reproduced both by seed in autumn or (or rarely) cuttings. Take the cutting from a grown-up mother plant. Each cutting must contain one or more heads along with a fraction of root and permit to dry out a couple of days, lay it on the soil and insert the stem end partially into the soil. Try to keep the cutting somewhat upright so that the roots are able to grow downward. It is relatively difficult to root Ophthalmophyllum from cuttings and generally pointless as well, so quick are they from seed.
|Back to Conophytum index|
|Back to Aizoaceae index|
|Back to Succulents Encyclopedia index|