DIY: Measuring Wheel/Surveyor’s Wheel Using Arduino & Rotary Encoder
A surveyor’s wheel may also be known by other names like: clickwheel, hodometer, waywiser, trundle wheel, measuring wheel or a perambulator. All these devices serve a single purpose, which is, measuring distance.
The origin of surveyor’s Wheel is from an odometer. Odometer simply counts the number of rotations of the wheel. The distance travelled by the wheel is directly proportional to the radius of wheel.
In the digital Surveyor’s Wheel a rotary encoder is attached to the wheel. This rotary encoder precisely counts the number of rotations. It also counts the rotation angle, and hence the digital system is much more precise then mechanical system.
An Arduino Nano is used as the controlling unit. It reads the pulses coming from the rotary encoder and calculates the traveled distance and prints on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
When the Rotary encoder rotates, it sends the pulses to Arduino. Output pins of the rotary encoder are connected to pin D2 and pin D3 of Arduino. Arduino identifies the rotation and direction (clockwise or anticlockwise) of the wheel. Arduino counts the pulses and converts them in distance by using some basic mathematical operations, called calibration. Now calculated distance is shown on the LCD.
In the rotary encoder spaced conductors are placed on a disc and connected to common pin. Encoder have two output pins (OUT1 and OUT2), When encoder rotates, output pins gives ZERO and ONE. The pattern of ZERO and ONE in OUT1 and OUT2 helps in determination of direction and rotation.
Arduino is the brain of the whole project which counts the rotation. Arduino converts the rotation into distance using calibration and displays the information on LCD.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is the output device; it shows the measured distance in Centimeter.
In this project, we are using 16×2 LCD (16 Columns and 2 Rows). The LCD has 16 pins, some pins are power pins, and 6 pins are connected to Arduino and two pins are used for backlight. A preset is also connected to 3rd pin of LCD which is used for contrast control of the LCD.
In the circuit Arduino, LCD and Rotary Encoder are the main components. Rotary encoder has three pins. One pin is connected to GND and two pins are connected to D2 and D3 pins of Arduino. LCD is connected to Arduino through pins D0 to D5. Vin pin of Arduino is powered by a 9-volt battery through a switch.
In this project a PCB is designed using EAGLE CAD software. If you are good in PCB Etching, you can use the figure provided below to DIY.
You can also make the circuit on breadboard or Zero PCB using the image below.
Making a Prototype of this design
Are you planning to make a prototype board of this design? If so, you can consider service from PCBWay. We’ve tried them for printing our prototype PCB’s many times. Obviously there are a lot of other companies printing PCB’s but what makes these guys different is the low volume requirements. They literally have no specified minimum requirement. You can order as low as 5 pieces if you want only that much copies. We just suggested one service we found good. You’re free to choose the one you prefer.
In this DIY project, the rotary encoder measures the number of the rotation but we have to convert the rotation into travelled distance. Travelled distance depends on the diameter of the wheel.
Rotary encoder moves 22 steps in one complete rotation (360 degree). Steps per rotation depends on the rotary encoder which can be changed from 8 to 48, but in our case it is 22.
Suppose N is the steps per rotation and R is the radius of wheel.
Travelled distance in one Rotation is = 2xπxR
Travelled distance in one Step is = 2xπxR/N
In our case
- N = 22
- R = 7
- Travelled distance in one Step is = 2R
In the beginning of code “LiquidCrystal.h” header file is used for the LCD Display. After it LCD is declared by the function “LiquidCrystal lcd(5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)”, where pins are declared in the bracket.
In the line 5 and 6 two integers are declared by names pin1 and Pin2, that are interrupt pins of Arduino. Three Integers are declared in lines 8, 9 and 10, where Pos is the current position of Rotary encoder. Other two integers are “State” and “LastState”.
Now a “constant float” is declare by the name “pi”, which is equal to 3.14. Two constant integers are declared by the name “R” that is Radius and “N” is step per revolution of the Rotary encoder. Now a float is declared by name the “distance”, which is the measured distance
In the void setup section, pin1 and pin2 are declared by INPUT.
In the line 23 LCD is begun and in the line 24 “SURVEYOR’S WHEEL” is displayed on the LCD.
In the line 26 “LastState” is digital read value if “pin1”. In the void loop section integer State is equal to “digitalRead(pin1)”. An “if” loop is used in line 30 it become true when “State” and “LastState” are not equals. An “if” is also used inside the loop, it becomes true when “digitalRead(pin2)” is not equals to the “State”. In this loop “Pos” increase and in the else “Pos” decreases.
Now measured distance is 2*pi*R/N which is the circumstances of circle (wheel). Where Pi is 3.14, R is Radius and N is step per revolution of Rotary encoder. Now this distance is printed on the LCD, at the end “LastState becomes” equals to the “State”.


The Code of Hammurabi is the earliest known example of a ruler publicly proclaiming to his people an entire set of laws, in an orderly arrangement, so that all men might read and know what was required of them. Hammurabi was a ruler of ancient Babylon, probably from around 1795 B.C. to about 1750 B.C. His code was carved on a black stone monument, in 3,600 lines of cuneiform, standing eight feet high, and obviously intended for public view.
The Battle of Wavre was the last battle of the Napoleonic Wars. It took place on June 18 and 19, 1815, between Prussian and French forces. Although the Prussians, outnumbered nearly two to one, were driven back, the Battle of Wavre prevented several French corps from participating in the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815, thus contributing to the final downfall of Napoleon. Although deposed following this battle, Napoleon remained at large for a time in France. Eventually, he was exiled to Saint Helena where he died in 1821.
In 1991, Boris Yeltsin became the first democratically elected President of Russia. As President, Yeltsin supported private property, a free press, stronger human rights, and an end to state control of the economy. He announced his resignation on December 31, 1999, due to health concerns and political pressures.
In 1845, Stephen Perry, of the rubber manufacturing company Messers Perry and Co., invented the rubber band to hold papers or envelopes together. On March 17, 1845, Perry patented the rubber band. These first rubber bands were made of vulcanized rubber. The first dishwasher was patented by Joel Houghton in 1850. The first chewing gum was patented by William Finley Semple in 1869. The first cash register was patented by James Ritty in 1879.
In 1807, Napoleon had just signed the Treaty of Tilsit, which ended his war with Russia. To celebrate, he gathered his dignitaries for a rabbit hunt. Little did he know that he would become the "hunted". In a bizarre twist, the rabbits didn't run away. Instead, they swarmed the hunting party by the hundreds, and Napoleon was forced to retreat to his royal carriage for safety.
Since the Incan Empire had no written language, the main form of communication and recording in the empire were quipus, ceramics and spoken Quechua, the language the Incas imposed upon conquered peoples. The Inca's impact outlasted their empire, as the Spanish continued the use of Quechua.
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson, who became the 17th President of the United States after Abraham Lincoln's assassination, was one of the more dramatic events in the political life of the United States during Reconstruction. The first impeachment (which ultimately ended in the first acquittal) of a serving President, it was the culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson and the Republicans over how to best deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War.


>> Home >> Dental News - Dental Videos
Changes to dentistry cause problems for patients and dentists
Placed by : Dental News Worldwide 16-12-2010
By http://www.telegraph.co.uk - The changes that were implemented to dentistry in England in 2006 have created problems for dentists and patients alike.
They created a target-driven contract that, rather than getting away from what was widely regarded as the treadmill of the previous arrangements, simply replaced it with a new one.
Dentists moved from a system that encouraged treatment rather than prevention, to one that required them to meet an annual target for the number of courses of treatment they delivered and still didnít help them provide preventive care. Patients, not targets, should be at the centre of health care systems, and this change did not make that happen.
The 2006 reforms also broke the formal system of patient registration that had existed for years. The old system gave patients a real sense of having their own dentist, and it meant that practitioners were familiar with their patientsí needs and could provide appropriate advice to them on an individual basis. That kind of continuing care relationship can really help dentists deliver, and patients receive, the best and most appropriate care.
The way that the system was designed also appeared, in some circumstances, to discourage patients from seeking appropriate treatment.
The creation of treatment bands, where patients are asked to pay for courses of treatment, for instance, means that a patient having one filling as a course of treatment pays the same fee as a patient having six fillings as part of a single course of treatment. That might appeal very superficially to the money-saving patient, but delaying treatment and allowing your teeth to deteriorate on economic grounds is not good for your health.
More than anything, though, the reforms and the way they were implemented damaged NHS dentistry in England, leading to huge numbers of patients losing access to care in the years after they were introduced. It is crucial that these reforms, and the way the transition to them is managed, are more successful.
Dr Susie Sanderson is Chair of the British Dental Association Executive Board.


Diabetes is a serious disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that the number affected by the condition from 1980 to 2014 rose from 108 million to 422 million. This number has increased to 537million (according to IDF Diabetic Atlas).
That number even only counts recorded adult cases. We don’t know how many others are affected. Diabetes is among the chief reasons that causes of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, and stroke. Lower limb amputations are probably the most well-known consequence caused by diabetes.
With effects like that, it is no wonder that diabetes is considered the ninth leading cause of death in 2019,
So what is diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic disease when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. It can also be caused when the body fails to use the insulin it produces. Insulin is the hormone responsible for controlling blood glucose levels.
The body suffers from hyperglycemia when blood glucose or blood sugar levels are raised. This condition is usually an effect of uncontrolled diabetes. This condition can be very dangerous for the body, as it can cause severe damage to many of the body’s systems over time.
Stopping and controlling the rise of so-called sugar levels is not easy. It will take a lot of lifestyle changes that most people will be uncomfortable with. These lifestyle changes can be made if you want to prevent your diabetes from getting worse.
- Lose Extra Weight
Losing weight is one of the most common ways to reduce the risk of having diabetes. A loss of 7% of your body weight can reduce the risk of developing diabetes by nearly 60%.
There’s no better time than now to shed extra belly fat. For people who are experiencing prediabetes, losing at least 7% to 10% of their body weight could help prevent the disease from blooming fully.
For those who are too lazy to start losing weight, it is a good idea to set a weight-loss goal. This goal can be based upon your current weight. For short-term goals and other expectations, it is a good idea to consult your doctor.
- Do more
To move more means to be more physically active. Physical activity can help you lose weight and increase your insulin sensitivity.
Some good exercises to try include aerobic exercises (i.e., brisk walking, swimming, biking, etc. ), resistance exercises (i.e., weightlifting, yoga, calisthenics, etc. ),
Your blood sugar levels can be affected by inactivity. This includes prolonged periods of sitting at the computer or sitting pretty. This can be helpful in controlling blood sugar.
- Plant-based healthy foods
Plants provide healthy nutrients that keep the body healthy and strong. Fiber is one of these nutrients. Dietary fiber, also known as roughage or bulk, is part of plant foods that the body usually has difficulty digesting or absorbing.
Fiber-rich foods are crucial for diabetes control because they promote weight loss, slow down the absorption sugar and lower blood sugar levels. It also interferes with the absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol.
If you are looking for a fiber-rich diet, foods such as fruits, vegetables that are not starchy, legumes, whole grains, and beans are all good options.
Avoid foods high in sugar and low in nutrients to ensure a healthy diet. These foods include white bread, pastries, white pasta, fruit juices and processed foods with high-fructose Corn Syrup or sugar.
- Eat Healthy Fats
When discussing diets, fats are usually given a bad rep, which is unfortunate since not all fats are created equal. Some fats are good for you, while others are bad. Healthy blood cholesterol levels can be promoted by eating good and unsaturated fats.
Unsaturated fats can also help in promoting a good and healthy heart. These unsaturated fats include both monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats. These fats can be found in many foods.
Healthy fats can be found in nuts and seeds such as almonds, peanuts and flaxseeds. This can also be found in fatty fish such as mackerel and salmon, as well as tuna, tuna, sardines and cod. You can also find olive, sunflower and canola oils.
- Be more Responsible with your diet
Your food intake is a major factor in diabetes prevention. As such, your goal should be to lose weight and maintain or proceed to a healthier weight in the long run. As such, healthier diet decisions should be made.
It is important to find a strategy that can be sustained as a habit over time. This could involve a lot more difficult decisions, such as changing your dietary preferences or food choices, or life choices.
You may have to alter some traditions, like how much you eat. This could be a long-term benefit.
Fad diets are something you should avoid. These diets can help you lose weight temporarily. There is not much research that shows long-term benefits.
Some examples of such fad diets include glycemic index, south beach, ketogenic “keto” diet, and paleo. While some diets may be beneficial initially, their long-term effects can still be detrimental.
If you prefer a visual experience, this video review is from YouTube channel KKDesign’s Reviews. To get a comprehensive overview of BeLiv, you may still want to check out our article below.
BeLiv Overview How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
Exercise and a healthy diet are the best ways to control your blood sugar. However, if you want to add more control and ensure that your blood sugar level remains at its most controllable state, taking supplements can help.
BeLiv liquid supplements are among the most effective in controlling sugar levels.
BeLiv is a fresh and innovative liquid supplement that promotes diabetes management and blood sugar control. Thus, it is perfect for people who are either suffering from diabetes or are on the brink of it.
David Andrews formulated BeLiv’s reliable liquid supplement. Andrews, who was also suffering from Type 2 Diabetes, wished for a world where everybody could manage and afford to sustain their lives despite suffering from the same condition as he is.
BeLiv is a product that can be used by people with type 2 diabetes or those who suffer from the same condition. You can be sure that David A Andrews, the founder of BeLiv, has thought about those people.
With that said, BeLiv was a product of determination and hard work. At one time, he was lucky enough to find a liquid vehicle that works well with formula. BeLiv was born from trial and error.
BeLiv’s blend includes ginseng and grape seed, Green Tea. Andrews was inspired by his success to share it with others through BeLiv.
How BeLiv works
Blood sugar usually rises when the body secretes too little insulin or fails to properly use the insulin it produces. Other contributing factors include high blood pressure, obesity, stress, and overweight.
What does this have to do BeLiv?
BeLiv is a blood sugar supplement that helps curb the urge to eat junk food and excessive sugars. Furthermore, it helps in controlling blood sugar levels. It also gives the benefit of lowering cholesterol as well as improving immunity and digestion.
BeLiv also regulates how much sugar your body craves using the gymnema ingredient in BeLiv’s formula. The body is also told by this gymnema to use stored sugar as fuel. The more sugar burned, the lower the body’s sugar level becomes.
BeLiv also boosts metabolism and, in turn, helps the body lose more calories. As such, BeLiv can function as a source of energy that the body needs at any time of the day.
BeLiv can also improve your overall health. Regular use of the supplement is known to have relaxing and cell-reinforcing qualities. When the body starts recognizing the supplement’s components, the benefits will be more or less expounded.
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BeLiv, like all supplements has its benefits. It would be worthless and ineffective if it didn’t.
BeLiv, however, is a supplement. That means it is not entirely FDA-approved.
Also, like all supplements, it is important to ask your doctor if it would be alright for you to take such medication. Sometimes medical supplements will not work with current medication. Taking it could bring more harm than a cure in the long run,
And on that note, BeLiv is not medicine. BeLiv is not a substitute or an option to treat diabetes. Rather it should be taken along with your prescribed medicine should they be capable with each other.
BeLiv can provide you with the ff benefits if it is taken successfully.
Aids in Beta Cells Recovery and Rejuvenation
Beta Cells are part of the human pancreas that are mostly in charge of producing the insulin hormone. We have already learned that insulin is essential for proper blood sugar control.
Type 1 Diabetes sufferers may think of these cells as foreign to their bodies. These Beta Cells are mistakenly attacked and killed by the immune system. This results in fewer beta cells, producing insulin.
BeLiv makes it possible to recover Beta Cells. Thus, the body can maintain its insulin production, preventing or slowing down the loss of insulin in the body for much longer.
Boost Healthy Blood Glucose Levels
Type 2 Diabetes is usually linked to raised blood sugar levels. As such, supplements need to boost blood flow to lower sugar levels to prove useful. BeLiv does this already.
BeLiv users will have a reduced desire to eat sugary or sweeter foods. They are also less likely to eat out. This effect is achieved by maintaining a steady sugar level. Hence, it is by stabilizing glucose levels that are the secret to reducing cravings altogether.
A Healthy Lifestyle
BeLiv supplements can help increase your body’s endurance and energy. With more energy and endurance, the body can be allowed to do more exercise or follow a more active lifestyle.
A healthy lifestyle and active lifestyle will bring you more benefits. You’ll be able to focus better, lose weight, and work more efficiently in the office.
Due to its unique formulation, BeLiv also has the benefit of helping the body lose some extra pounds. It reduces the body’s stored fats and helps to burn them.
You will see a slimmer, healthier body in the end. This isn’t just a quick solution too, the effects will probably last for a longer period of time.
Optimal Blood Circulation
Type 2 Diabetes can also cause blood to move slightly slower in the bloodstreams than normal. This happens because blood becomes thicker. The BeLiv solution helps to thin the blood.
Thicker blood results in a greater blood flow. This, in turn, leads to more blood supply and insulin in the body.
The ingredients are not only effective in thinning the blood but also aid in blood circulation, which can help lower blood sugar levels within a few weeks.
There is a high chance that sugar cravings will be reduced
One thing that diabetic patients often suffer from is a craving for sugar and frequent hunger. These cravings can be reduced with the BeLiv Liquid Supplement.
BeLiv Liquid Supplement works 24 hours a day to reduce hunger during work and study. Even if you take this liquid supplement, it can prevent you from feeling hungry for long periods of time.
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BeLiv liquid supplements are made from 24 types of vitamins, minerals and plants. Most of these ingredients have been found to support healthy blood sugar in a handful and various ways.
These ingredients are:
- Maca Root Extract
- Grape Seed Extract
- Guarana Seed Extract
- African mango fruit extract
- Eleutherococcus senticosus root extract
- Astragalus Membranaceus root extract
- Extract of green tea leaf
- Gymnema Sylvestre leaf extract
- Coleus Forskohlii root extract
- Capsicum annuum fruit extract
- Grapefruit seed extract
- Panax Ginseng Root Oil
- Raspberry ketones
- Monoammonium Glycyrrhizinate
- HCI L-ornithine
These ingredients are combined to provide the best blood sugar regulation benefits for the body. We can dive deep into some of these ingredients to know exactly what they do in the formula.
Maca root comes from the Maca plant, which is a cruciferous vegetable related to cauliflower, cabbage, and broccoli. The Maca is among the few edible plants that can survive the harsh weather conditions above 4000 meters of its local Peruvian Andes. Hence, it is also called Peruvian Ginseng.
Maca plant has been cultivated and used as food for thousands of years. It has been consumed as a fermented drink or porridge. It is used by Andean people as a natural medicine. This is why it is included in BeLiv’s key ingredients.
Macca is well-known for its fertility and libido enhancing effects. Macca production has increased exponentially due to this effect.
However, in the case of BeLiv, it works as an ingredient to combat free radicals. It also helps in regulating type 2 diabetes. It also reduces high blood pressure.
Maca has also been shown to lower blood sugar levels. However, studies are still being continued to fully understand the best usage and application of maca.
Grape Seed Extract
Grapes have been used in Europe as a traditional treatment for centuries. The seed extract specifically comes from the ground-up seed of red wine grapes. Antioxidant properties are the most important aspect of grape seed extract.
The ingredient is also known to reduce high blood pressure. It is also known to increase blood flow. It reduces stress-related oxidative damage and can increase the levels of collagen.
Grape Seed extract is a great supplement to a healthy brain, regardless of age. It can also be used to prevent the development of infections.
Touted as one of the world’s healthiest beverages, it only makes sense that the extract from Green Tea would be a wonderful addition to BeLiv’s formulation.
Green tea, which is well-known for its antioxidants, is rich in these nutrients. It is obvious that this ingredient helps to maintain a healthy body.
First of all, it is known to contribute to better brain function, thus promoting a healthier brain. Green tea is also known for better fat burning. All unwanted and excess fat can be easily burned.
Green tea is also known to protect the body from cancer due to the aforementioned antioxidants that are inside Green Tea.
Green tea, therefore, is one of the many ingredients that can help prevent diseases such as cancer, heart disease, or type 2 diabetes.
Astragalus, also known as huang Qi or milk vich, is a Chinese herb. It is of the bean or legume variety. Astragalus comes in many species, but the most widely used is Astragalus membranaceus which is said to offer multiple benefits for multiple conditions.
Astragalus also has antioxidant effects, like green tea. It will also inhibit the production of free radicals, which can lead to many health problems.
Lastly, astragalus is also known to affect blood circulation. Astragalus is known to make you more secure over the long-term. It can also lower blood sugar levels. This is a crucial aspect of diabetes supplements.
Panax Ginseng can be used for many health reasons. It also goes by Korean Ginseng. It should not be confused for other varieties of the plant. It is not native to Korea. However, it can be found in China and Siberia.
Panax Ginseng can also be used as an adaptogen. These natural substances are believed to stimulate the body’s resistance to stressors. How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
Some positive effects that ginseng can do include an improvement in cognitive function (memory and thinking skills). When taken with ginkgo leaf extract, panax ginseng has been observed to improve thinking, arithmetic skills, and reaction times in healthy middle-aged people.
Panax Ginseng can also be used to treat erectile dysfunction. It also improves the response of healthy individuals to sexual stimuli. As such, Panax ginseng is among the ingredients that can be used to boost performance in bed.
Panax Ginseng can also reduce flu risk by decreasing the risk of getting it (influenza). It is also well-known to reduce fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients.
In the case of the BeLiv Liquid supplement, Panax ginseng supports the user’s energy levels. It helps the user relax better. Many people find it a natural way to treat diabetes.
Gymnema Sylvestre, one of the ingredients in BeLiv Liquid supplement might be the most effective against diabetes.
Gymnema Sylvestre, or Gymnnema for short, is a climbing shrub that is local to the tropical forests of India, Africa, and Australia. It has been used as medicine for thousands of years, and the ancient Indian medicinal practice of Ayurveda is specifically interested in its leaves.
It has been used to fight various ailments, including diabetes, malaria, and even snakebites.
Its ability to inhibit sugar absorption is why it is a popular subject of study in Western medicine. It is also a key ingredient in BeLiv Liquid supplement.
Gymnema Sylvestre has many benefits, including the inhibition of sugar absorption. This can help lower sugar levels. Gymnema is also known to reduce sugar cravings by reportedly making sweet food taste less appealing.
This will ensure that the most effective effects are achieved. It should be taken before you consume any sugary food. Gymnemic acid blocks sugar receptors in the tongue. How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
Gymnema also helps lower blood sugar levels with its anti-diabetic properties. It can be combined with diabetes medications to lower blood sugar levels. It is so known for this function that Hindi has a special name for Gymnema. “Gurmar,” which is “destroyer” of sugar, is the name.
Like in blocking tongue receptors, the ingredient will also block sugar receptors in the intestine. This will reduce sugar absorption and lower your post-meal blood glucose levels. That said, Gymnema alone cannot single-handedly lower sugar levels. And that it should be combined with other ingredients and other diabetic medicine.
Gymnema can also contribute to favorable insulin levels by helping in its production. This is particularly beneficial for those with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes who have difficulty producing enough insulin. How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
Guarana is a Brazilian plant that is native to the Amazon basin. It is also known as Paullinia cupana. It is a climbing plant that is known for its fruit. A mature one can grow about the size of a coffee berry and resembles a human eye.
Extract is obtained by grinding the seeds to a powder.
Guarana is a plant that has been used by the Amazonian tribes for centuries because of its healing properties.
For its anti-diabetic properties, guarana can control blood sugar levels. Like most natural ingredients on this list, it has a lot of antioxidants and energizing qualities. It increases the sense of urgency, and as such, it can be an ingredient that guarantees quick weight loss.
Guarana can also be used to increase blood sugar levels, which helps prevent them from falling too low.
It can also improve focus and reduce fatigue. The plant is an excellent source of caffeine. The plant may contain up to four to six times the caffeine of coffee beans. How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
You may also benefit from a brain-boosting ingredient that can help you learn faster. In animal studies, guarana has been shown to improve memory.
Those suffering from diarrhea and constipation could also gain some benefit from guarana which has been used as a stomach tonic for hundreds of years already.
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BeLiv Side Effects
BeLiv Liquid supplement is 100% natural. It has not been reported to cause any side effects.
However, it is still important to remember that some of the ingredients may cause allergies. BeLiv Liquid supplement should be used with caution. How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
Some ingredients may not be suitable for children as well as pregnant women. To ensure BeLiv is good for you, always consult your doctor.
BeLiv recommends Dosage and Usage
Each bottle of BeLiv contains around 60 ml. A separate dropper can be used to fill approximately 1 – 2 milliliters.
BeLiv should be taken under the tongue every morning, before you start your day. You can also dissolve the dropper in water to get the supplement.
BeLiv’s effects will usually appear within the first week of regular usage. Different body types react to different ingredients, just like with other supplements. Some people may feel the effects for longer periods of time than others. How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
However, BeLiv is a consistent supplement that can produce the best results for up to 3 months.
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Only BeLiv Liquid Supplements can be purchased from the website. Customers are given a choice of three packages for their order:
- One Bottle for $69
- Three bottles for $177 (59 each)
- Six Bottles for $294 ($49 each)
As you can see, each bottle becomes cheaper for packages with more in the bundle. How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
Shipping fees are not required for single-bottle orders. Customers who order three or six bottles of the package are eligible for free shipping and two bonus ebooks entitled: The Ultimate Tea Remedies, Learn How to Manage Diabetes.
BeLiv also comes with a 60-day money-back guarantee. Customers who are unsatisfied with the results can send back the remaining product and get their money back.
Doing this is simple: calling the customer service number for questions or additional refund information. You can reach them at 1-833-346-1641. They can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org
BeLiv Pros and Cons
- BeLiv Blood Sugar Serum contains only organic ingredients. It is made up of entirely natural, plant-based components.
- It is lightweight and only 1 ounce in weight.
- This serum supports stress-free sleep by regulating blood sugar and glucose.
- It boosts energy, metabolism, and strengthens immune system. How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
- Increases blood flow and uses a lot of antioxidants
- BeLiv’s formula is not habit-forming. It does not include any poison, chemicals, or even additions.
- It’s affordable and cheap for most people.
- Ingredients can be used to reduce hunger and accelerate weight loss.
- It is completely safe to use the supplement.
- People who have a serious health condition may not find it suitable. Some ingredients might clash with medication and can cause negative effects.
- It is not recommended for mothers who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Not suitable for children
- Dry mouth can be caused by some chemicals. Users should ensure that they are hydrated.
- This supplement may cause mild constipation.
- There is limited availability and stocks for the supplement.
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BeLiv Final Thoughts.
As a Liquid supplement that mainly targets and controls your sugar levels, BeLiv is as effective as it can get. Customers can use BeLiv to assist with controlling their blood sugar levels within the normal range. How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
It is very easy to use. It can be dropped on the back of your tongue, or you can dissolve it in water. It is ideal for those who have difficulties swallowing capsules and tablets.
Lastly, the proprietary formula that is used in making BeLiv seems to be effective and has all the advantages to help people get the best form of each ingredient. Each ingredient even has additional benefits that can help the body’s overall health.
BeLiv’s Frequently Asked Questions How Can I Lower My Blood Pressure Naturally Uk
Is BeLiv the right choice for me?
BeLiv provides amazing blood sugar support for men and women in their 30s, 40s, 50s, and even 70s
Beliv was entirely developed using modern science. It is both gentle and powerful at the same time.
What is the time frame for seeing the results?
The results will differ depending on the body type of the user.
Different people will experience the effects at different times. The majority of people will notice the effects within the first week. However, the best and most noticeable results usually come after 3 months of consistent supplement use.
BeLiv is available in which stores? Are local shops selling BeLiv?
BeLiv is only available on its own website.
BeLiv products purchased outside of their website are more likely to be fake. These products are sold at your own risk.


Medicine used to be hit or miss. We would find something through "drug discovery" that performed an apparently useful function such as lowering blood pressure, but lacking effective models of how these interventions worked, many of these drugs turned out to be crude tools with unanticipated side effects. We are now beginning to understand biology as a set of information processes, and we're developing realistic models and simulations of how the processes involved in disease and aging progress. Moreover, we are developing the tools to reprogram them.
RNA interference (RNAi), which science learned about only in the past several years, can turn specific genes off by blocking the messenger RNA those genes produce. Because viral diseases, cancer and many other types of illness depend on gene expression at some crucial point, RNAi heralds a breakthrough technology. One example of a gene that we would like to turn off is the fat insulin receptor gene, which tells fat cells to hold on to every calorie. When that gene was blocked in the fat cells of mice during a study at the Joslin Diabetes Center, those mice ate a lot but remained thin and healthy. They lived almost 20 percent longer, obtaining the benefit of caloric restriction without the food restriction.1
Innovative means of adding beneficial genes to patients' bodies are starting to overcome the hurdles for gene therapy, which have often involved difficulties with placing the modified genetic information precisely within the genome. United Therapeutics, a company I advise, has developed a technique that modifies cells in vitro, verifies that the new genetic information has been properly inserted, replicates the modified cell millions of times and then injects the modified cells back into the bloodstream, where they embed themselves into the right tissues. In animals, this method has cured pulmonary hypertension, a fatal disease; it is now entering human trials.
We also have new means of activating and deactivating enzymes, the workhorses of biology. Pfizer's compound Torcetrapib, for example, inhibits the enzyme that destroys high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the good cholesterol, and thereby allows HDL levels to soar. Phase II FDA trials showed that the drug was effective in halting atherosclerosis, the cause of most heart attacks. Pfizer is spending a record $1 billion on phase III trials.
Another important line of attack is to regrow our own cells, tissues and even whole organs, and to introduce them into our bodies without surgery. One major benefit of this "therapeutic cloning" technique will be the ability to create tissues and organs from versions of our own cells that have been made "younger" by correcting DNA errors and senescence-related changes (such as the shrinkage of the telomeres at the ends of chromosomes). Such capacities constitute the emerging field of rejuvenation medicine. For example, we will be able to create new heart cells from your skin-derived stem cells and introduce them into your system through the bloodstream. Over time, the new cells will replace your old ones, resulting in a rejuvenated heart that has your own (corrected) DNA.
Rational drug design has been around for 20 years, but it is only recently that we have had the requisite genetic data, information models and reprogramming tools to accomplish it. While almost all drugs on the market today were created by way of traditional drug discovery, most new drug development is applying these increasingly intelligent targeted therapies.
Implants being developed at the University of Rochester and Boston-based StemCapture, Inc., imitate the mechanisms used by stem cells in trolling the vascular endothelium for damage signals, which indicate a need for repair. Molecules key to this trolling mechanism are coated onto the device to capture stem cells out of the bloodstream. DNA or RNAi molecules can also be sprinkled on this molecular coating to correct genetic errors and senescence-related changes in the captured stem cells.2
Nanotechnology can go beyond the limitations of biology. Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers have designed nanoparticles with aptamers, genetic chunks that recognize the surface molecules on cancer cells. These nanoparticles can latch onto a cancer cell, burrow inside and release toxins to destroy it.3
Another scientist cured type I diabetes in rats with a nanoengineered device containing seven-nanometer pores that controllably release insulin while blocking antibodies. There are hundreds of other such examples.
Our ability to understand and even reprogram the brain, although in early stages, is also accelerating. We are doubling the spatial resolution of voxels (3D volumes) in brain scanning each year. The latest generation of in-vivo scanners can image individual interneuronal connections firing in real time. Effective simulations of about two dozen brain regions have been demonstrated, and IBM has begun an ambitious effort to simulate a substantial portion of the cerebral cortex at a detailed level.4
Rising numbers of artificial neural implants can replace diseased tissue, such as an FDA- approved implant for Parkinson's patients, the latest generation of which allows the patient to download software updates from outside the body.5,6
Now that biology is becoming an information technology, it is subject to what I call the "law of accelerating returns." Information technologies, including biological ones, double their price performance and capacity in less than a year. Sequencing DNA, for example, has come down in price by half annually, from $10 per base pair in 1990 to under a penny today.7 The amount of genetic data we have sequenced has more than doubled every year. It took us 15 years to sequence HIV, but we sequenced the SARS virus in only 31 days. This rate of doubling means that we will increase the capability of these technologies by a factor of 1,000 in less than a decade and by a billion in 25 years.
Human life expectancy was only 37 years in 1800.8 Such technologies as sanitation, antibiotics, and other medical advances have more than doubled it in 200 years. Our ability to reprogram the information processes of biology will dramatically increase it again, but this progression will be much faster because of the inherent acceleration of information technology. I expect that within 15 years, we'll be adding more than a year each year to remaining life expectancy. So my advice is: take care of yourself the old- fashioned way for a while longer and you may get to experience the remarkable century ahead.
1Flier SN, Kulkarni RN & Kahn CR. 2001. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA., 98:7475-7480.
2King, M.R., and Hammer, D.A. 2001. Multiparticle Adhesive Dynamics. Interactions between stably rolling cells. Biophys. J. 81:799-813.
3Farokhzad, O.C. et al. 2006. Targeted nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for cancer chemotherapy in vivo. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 103: 6315-6320 http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/103/16/6315.
4Graham-Rowe, D. Mission to build a simulated brain begins. 2005. NewScientist.com News Service. http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7470.
5Berger TW, et at. 2005. Restoring lost cognitive function. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 24(5):30-44. http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/~desa/200/2005_09_EMBS.pdf.
6Abbott, A. 2002. Brain Implants Show Promise Against Obsessive Disorder. Nature. 419: 658.
7Carlson, R. The Pace and Proliferation of Biological Technologies. 2003. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science Volume 1 Number 3. http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0614.html.
7Oeppen, J and Vaupel, J.W. 2002. Broken Limits to Life Expectancy. Science 296.5570,1029-3.


By Julia Nee
In Teotitlán del Valle in southern Mexico, there are many people who desire to use and promote Zapotec, the indigenous language currently spoken by about 3,600 of the town’s 5,600 inhabitants. Although oppressive historical, political, and economic forces have pushed some Teotitecos to shift towards Spanish monolingualism and the opportunities for social and economic advancement that proficiency in Spanish offer, both parents and children continue to fight for the right and ability to learn and use the Zapotec language. As an elementary school student of Zapotec explained, using the language is an important part of maintaining cultural continuity across generations; speaking Zapotec “[es] respetar lo que nos dejaron los antepasados, por eso quiero seguile hablando y enseñarles a mis hermanos.”
To support community desire for the continued and strengthened presence of Zapotec in the community, I have been collaborating with the municipal government, community language committee, and public library in Teotitlán to host Zapotec language camps for kids in August and January each year. We use a communication-based instructional approach in the classroom paired with excursions around town to carry out task-based learning where students engage in Zapotec conversations with native speakers using the language we’ve practiced in the classroom. For example, in one lesson, students learn the names of local plants and animals and how to ask questions like, “What’s that?” and “Where is the lizard?” before taking a hike to the top of the nearby mountain Picacho with their parents and Zapotec speakers where they complete an “I Spy” activity, locating and naming the plants and animals we’ve been discussing in class.
These days, language revitalization initiatives like those in Teotitlán are being developed around the world, but the theories of language learning and teaching, as well as methods for evaluating student learning within the unique contexts of language revitalization, are still being developed. One place where those involved in developing and implementing language revitalization projects come together to share ideas is the International Conference on Language Documentation and Conservation (ICLDC), hosted at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. With the support of the Center for Latin American Studies’ Indigenous Languages of Latin America (ILLA) Travel Fund, I was able to present the work that we have been doing in Teotitlán at ICLDC in 2019.
This year, ICLDC had a special focus on the topic of “connecting communities, languages & technology,” which brought experts on language documentation, language revitalization, and technology together into the same space to see how projects from different fields could enhance and support one another. I attended a talk by Mary Hermes, Melissa Engman, and Kevin Roach whose groundbreaking approach to language documentation included conversational participants wearing GoPro cameras on headbands, allowing researchers to not only hear the language used, but also to track participants’ gaze as they spoke with elders and engaged with their physical surroundings. In a workshop led by Dr. Wesley Leonard, Dr. Megan Lukaniec, and Adrienne Tsikewa, I engaged with other language activists to think about the ways in which technology could be reimagined in order to overtly work towards decolonization through language revitalization. We discussed practices like transforming the individualistic nature of interacting, for example, with a smartphone app, into a format like augmented reality that could facilitate intergenerational, interpersonal communication such as might happen between elders and children in traditional contexts. Another talk, by Carmen Jany, addressed considerations of how to deal with code-switching between Spanish and Mixe (another language of southern Mexico) in the process of documenting and revitalizing the language in a way that both validated the language of code-switchers and worked against an overall shift to Spanish language dominance.
In addition to presenting work on Zapotec, I was able to co-present (alongside Andrew Garrett, Edwin Ko, Zachary O’Hagan, and Ronald Sprouse) new developments in UC Berkeley’s California Language Archive, which houses a wide range of archival materials, including collections on 65 Latin American languages (see the slides from our talk here). Our new user interface allows researchers to curate their own archival collections incrementally, making the process of archiving more efficient and timely. By presenting this new system at ICLDC, we were able to raise awareness and promote the sustainable archiving of documentation on endangered languages so that language activists and researchers of the future will have access to these precious resources.
After four busy days of exchanging ideas, I felt reinvigorated to continue my research on best practices for language revitalization in Teotitlán. The feedback I’d received on the language camps has given me new directions to explore and new methodologies for language teaching that I will be able to use to more effectively engage young Zapotec language learners. Thanks to the support of the ILLA Travel Fund, I have a new set of tools that I learned through the ICLDC conference which I can use in the development of the next Zapotec language camp, planned for August 2019.
JULIA NEE is a PhD candidate in the Linguistics department, with a Designated Emphasis in Indigenous Language Revitalization. After finishing her BA in linguistics at the University of Chicago, she moved to Oaxaca, Mexico to teach English before returning to the U.S. to continue her education. During her time in Mexico, she began to study Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec, an indigenous language spoken outside of Oaxaca City. Her research now centers on language documentation and revitalization within the Zapotec community.


How do you design an atmosphere? There are a multitude of physical and intangible elements that architects can employ to this end. Some skillfully control the use of materials, colors, or light—and others seem to generate atmosphere and ambience by mere chance.
In RaumReiz, Anna Kirstgen asks how spaces affect people, and by what means spatial effects can be deliberately evoked. She introduces six spatial concepts, derived from architectural practice, which enable a structuring of the design process. Using her model of the “spatial narrative,” she proposes a way of shaping atmospheric situations in architecture in a more targeted way.


This was the regiment for four Irish counties: Donegal, Londonderry, Tyrone and Fermanagh. It was formed in 1881 by merging the 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot and the 108th Regiment of Foot (Madras Infantry). These became the new unit's 1st and 2nd Battalions respectively.
During the next two decades, both battalions undertook garrison duties across the British Empire, including Hong Kong, Singapore, Ireland, South Africa and India. While stationed on the Indian subcontinent in the 1890s, 1st Battalion also fought in the Tirah Expedition of 1897.
Both battalions fought in the Boer War (1899-1902). 1st Battalion landed in Durban in late 1899, fighting at Colenso (1899) and taking part in the Relief of Ladysmith (1900). 2nd Battalion arrived in South Africa in 1901 and took part in the anti-guerrilla operations.
Both battalions spent the years before 1914 stationed at home, or on postings to Egypt, Crete, Malta, China and India.
In August 1914, 2nd Battalion moved to France with the British Expeditionary Force, staying there throughout the First World War (1914-18).
1st Battalion remained in India until 1915, when it deployed to the Middle East before landing at Gallipoli (1915). In March 1916, it arrived on the Western Front.
The regiment also formed nine New Army battalions, which fought in Salonika, Palestine and on the Western Front. A composite battalion of men from the 3rd, 4th and 12th Battalions, as well as men home on leave, also fought against the Easter Rising in Dublin in 1916.
When Ireland gained its independence in 1922, most of the Irish line infantry regiments of the British Army were disbanded. However, since three of the Inniskillings' four recruiting counties were in Northern Ireland, it was only the unit's 2nd Battalion that was disbanded that year.
The regiment spent the inter-war years in India, Iraq, England, Northern Ireland, Malaya and India.
From 1924 to 1937, the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and the Royal Irish Fusiliers formed a single corps, although both regiments retained their original titles. At the end of that period, the Inniskillings re-formed its 2nd Battalion.
2nd Battalion deployed to France on the outbreak of the Second World War (1939-45) in 1939. It then fought in the retreat to Dunkirk in June 1940. It later assisted in the capture of Madagascar in 1942, before joining the Sicilian and Italian campaigns from 1943 to 1945.
It was joined in Italy by 6th Battalion, which had earlier fought in Tunisia (1943) and Sicily (1943). In June 1944, the two battalions were merged, going on to fight in the remainder of the Italian campaign.
2nd Battalion was briefly disbanded again from 1948 to 1952. On being reformed, it went on to serve in the Suez Canal Zone and on Cyprus, where it engaged EOKA insurgents in 1954-55. It was disbanded permanently in 1956.
Meanwhile, 1st Battalion fought post-colonial insurgencies in Malaya (1948-60) during 1949, and in Kenya (1952-56) from 1953 to 1955. Other postings for the regiment during the 1950s and 1960s included the Suez Canal Zone, West Germany, Kuwait and Cyprus.
The National Army Museum works together with Regimental and Corps Museums across the country to help provide a network of military museums for everyone to visit and enjoy.
Explore the history and collections of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers by visiting the regimental museum at Enniskillen Castle.


Here in America and in most of Canada, we have funeral traditions that have stood the test of time for decades, even centuries.
But our traditions are vastly different from those in other countries and cultures.
This article looks at Gambian funeral traditions and is part of a series that highlights how different cultures care for their dead. Other parts of the series are about Mozambican funeral traditions and Maltese funeral traditions, among others.
Note, these traditions may vary depending on the individual and their own beliefs.
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Islam is Gambia’s most common religion with 90% of the population identifying as Muslim. Smaller percentages of Gambian people also practice Christianity and traditional religions. Some Muslims and Catholics also may incorporate traditional religious beliefs into their customs.
Death Beliefs and Taboos
There are differing beliefs about the afterlife and death since many people have different combinations of religious beliefs.
Additionally, there are several death taboos, including:
- Seeing a shooting star means that someone important will die.
- Believing activities done on Saturdays will be repeated at some point in the future, so avoiding visiting ill people or giving condolences on this day.
- Believing owls can turn into wizards or witches and their call means there’s an upcoming death.
Preparation of the Body
When someone dies, there’s a ritual washing and perfuming of the body. This is done by someone of the same sex as the deceased unless the deceased was under eight years old. Then, they wrap the body in a white shroud, cross their hands over their chest, and pray.
Gambian Funeral and Burial Customs
A Gambian funeral is both a sad occasion and a celebration of life that the entire community participates in. There is a funeral procession to the cemetery for the burial in a wooden casket.
If the deceased was Muslim, they’re buried facing Mecca within 24 hours of the death, if possible. Before the burial, mourners may pray together at a mosque. At the burial, mourners say prayers for the soul to have a peaceful eternal rest. The grave marker also is usually simple rather than elaborately designed.
The traditional mourning period lasts 40 days, with the fortieth day being when the soul goes to heaven and everyone prays together. A Muslim widow mourns her husband for four months and 10 days and stays in her home during this time.


8 October 2007Add to My Folder
Dr Hannah Mortimer explores getting to know children with SEN and effective ways of recording and planning for children with communication difficulties.
Getting to know you
When welcoming a child with SEN to your setting, start off by finding out all you need to know in order to help that child settle in. Talking to parents and carers is an obvious starting-point. They are experts on their own child and will have a great deal of information. Many very young children who have complex and long-term needs now receive Early Support. This is a Government programme for ensuring parents and carers receive joined-up support from the earliest opportunity. A key worker is appointed to work with the family and there are family-held records through which they can tell their own story once without repeating it to every professional who calls. Find out if the child you are working with is on Early Support, and if so, contact the key worker.
Getting to know children quickly
- Home visits (where possible) allow you to get to know children on their own territory before you work and play together in the setting. They are a way of gathering information and also giving the child, the family and yourself greater confidence.
- Use a welcome form or child passport to gather information about a child’s likes and dislikes, how the child makes their needs known and what level of support the child needs from you throughout your regular routines and activities.
- Now you have met and found out more about the child, think through your typical session from a child’s-eye view and visualise the barriers that the child might face.
- Plan the first few days carefully. Make a point of keeping closely in touch with the family throughout this period so you can share good news long before you need to share any concerns.
- Play alongside the child as often as you can so you develop a feel for how the child learns and behaves and form a positive relationship together.
- Once the child has settled in, stand back slightly, in order to observe them playing independently, and assess the level of support that is needed on a daily basis.


Men’s Health Month
Proper healthcare is essential for everyone, but men in particular tend to avoid routine exams and even emergency medical attention. A study by the Cleveland Clinic found in some startling statistics in 2019: 72% of men would rather do household chores than visit the doctor; 65% avoided going to the doctor for as long as possible; and 37% withheld information from their doctor as they felt they were unprepared for a potential diagnosis. Men’s Health Month, celebrated every June, aims to change this thought behavior and bring awareness to the highly-preventable health problems men more commonly face.
Why Men Avoid the Doctor
Many health conditions experienced by men are either preventable or easily treatable. However, healthcare workers have found some common reasons as to why men choose to forego medical treatment. Some men may be worried that visiting the doctor when experiencing a health concern will result in a bad outcome. Others who have what is referred to as “superhero syndrome” believe they are strong and can handle things without a doctor, seeing medical treatment as a form of weakness. Vulnerability is also a big factor with men, as they do not wish to discuss sensitive health issues with their doctor, such as erectile dysfunction. Unfortunately, this avoidance of medical help prevents men from receiving treatments that could eliminate many issues altogether.
The Importance of Men’s Healthcare
As with any health condition, early diagnosis is vital for proper treatment. When men choose to delay or forego medical exams, they may miss otherwise preventable or treatable issues. Potentially dangerous problems like diabetes or prostate cancer have the best outcomes when found early. Some doctors have found that when symptoms are ignored or routine medical visits are delayed, many otherwise treatable conditions become too advanced for treatment, or result in worse consequences like dialysis, amputation, or death.
Making Men’s Health a Priority
While younger generations are beginning to shift their focus and understand the importance of healthcare, there are still many men who are ignoring their personal health. With loved ones, encourage one another to visit the doctor. Schedule appointments together so you can both go at once for the regular screenings you each need. Understand that your physician is there to help without judgement, and routine exams and symptom checks are absolutely essential to your overall health. Being more open about your health will help you live a longer, happier life, and encouraging others will help them do the same.
Getting Your Routine Health Exam
Whether it’s been a while since you’ve had a routine medical exam, or you are experiencing symptoms that have you concerned, don’t wait. Use this Men’s Health Month as an opportunity to take control of your personal health. Visit any of the convenient Midwest Express Clinic locations today for an easy, confidential, and comprehensive medical exam. Our medical professionals will assist you with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your health. Don’t put yourself at risk out of fear or with a belief your symptoms will just go away on their own – get your exam today!


Publisher: Carcanet Press Ltd. (August 1, 2014)
Format: PDF / Kindle / ePub
Size: 5.3 MB
Downloadable formats: PDF
First released in 1899, The Symbolist flow in Literature was once a hugely influential paintings of feedback and brought the French Symbolists to an Anglophone readership. Arthur Symons’s curiosity in writers comparable to Verlaine and Mallarmé places him on the middle of latest debates approximately Decadence and Symbolism in fin-de-siècle literature, yet his paintings was once additionally a formative impact on modernist writers akin to James Joyce, George Eliot, Ezra Pound, and William Butler Yeats, aiding to form the function of the picture in modernist writing. This new severe version makes on hand a key textual content that has been out of print for greater than 50 years. It comprises an advent, chronology, and notes, including appendices providing the whole textual content of Symons’ essay “The Decadent flow in Literature” and a variety of his translations of French poetry.


HOW TO MANAGE SYMPTOMS WITHOUT DRUGS
As carers we want to try and do as much as we can for our loved ones naturally, without using drugs.
Lewy body dementia is a complex disease that includes physical, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms.
The behavioral symptoms can be the most upsetting and difficult-to-manage parts of the disease. Hallucinations, delusions, aggression, agitation, apathy, depression, and anxiety are common.
Because antipsychotic drugs are especially dangerous for people with Lewy body and could make difficult symptoms even worse, it’s best to first try non-drug treatments before resorting to medication.
Non-drug treatments are also helpful in improving symptoms to potentially reduce medication dosage.
We share 10 non-drug ways to help manage and reduce the severity of Lewy body dementia symptoms.
These suggestions should only be used if the situation is safe. If anyone is in danger of physical harm, immediately get medical help.
1. Tolerate behavior that doesn’t cause harm, focus on reassurance and distraction
People with Lewy body dementia often experience hallucinations or delusions that cause strange behavior or false accusations.
But if their behavior isn’t aggressive or harmful, they don’t seem to have any physical pain or discomfort, and they’re not upset to an extreme degree, one solution is to tolerate the behavior and not try to convince them of our reality to stop the behavior.
Instead, respond to their emotions and concerns rather than the facts or exact words. Provide comfort as needed and assure them that they’re safe.
In these cases, the side effects of medication could be far worse than the hallucinations or delusions themselves.
2. Check for physical causes
Sometimes, new behavioral symptoms or a worsening of symptoms could be caused by physical pain or discomfort that the person isn’t able to verbally express or describe.
Common physical issues include severe arthritis, injury, fever, urinary tract infection (UTI), bed sores, and constipation. In some cases, simply being tired, needing to pee, or being hungry can also trigger negative behavior.
When physical pain is well treated, negative behavioral symptoms often decrease.
3. Check for medication side effects
Sometimes medications used to treat Lewy Body dementia symptoms or other common health conditions can increase behavioral problems.
For example, over-the-counter sleep aids, bladder control medications, and drugs used to treat the physical symptoms of Lewy Body (tremors, shuffling walk, stiffness in arms or legs) can cause confusion, agitation, hallucinations, and delusions.
And benzodiazepines, common sedative medications to treat anxiety, can cause increased anxiety or worsen cognitive function in people with Lewy Body dementia.
If your older adult is taking any of these medications, speak with their doctor to find out if there are alternatives that are less likely to affect people with Lewy Body, if it can be eliminated, or if the dose can be lowered.
4. Modify their environment
Clutter, noise, and crowds can contribute to the hallucinations and delusions that typically trigger behavioral challenges.
Reducing clutter and minimizing distracting noise, people, or activity can make it easier for someone with dementia to function, reduce their anxiety, and reduce the chance that their eyes will play tricks on them and cause them to become confused or upset about what they think they’re seeing.
5. Use kind, soothing responses to comfort and calm
Someone who has dementia is no longer able to process logic and reason the way we would. Keep them as calm and happy as possible by avoiding conflicts.
Assuming they’re not hurting themselves or others, this means going along with what they say, not correcting or arguing with them, and not quizzing them about what they remember.
If they’re agitated or concerned, validate their feelings and offer comfort through gentle hugs and engaging activities.
6. Create daily routines and keep tasks simple
Routine and simplicity both reduce the chances that they’ll get angry or agitated.
Having clear structure and consistent routine each day reduces uncertainty and confusion and creates a reassuring rhythm to life.
Break down everyday tasks into smaller steps to make them simpler and reduce frustration.
Overall, focusing on successes rather than pointing out failures (and making success possible) boosts self-esteem and positive feelings.
7. Encourage exercise and physical therapy
To help with the physical symptoms of Lewy body, physical therapy options include cardiovascular, strength, and flexibility exercises, as well as gait training.
Working on general physical fitness is also helpful.
Regular exercise also boosts mood, improves physical health, and often reduces aches and pains. All these factors contribute to reducing negative behavior.
8. Consider speech therapy for swallowing problems
If Lewy Body is causing problems with swallowing, that will interfere with nutrition and cause hunger. Neither is good for someone’s mood or health – and it’s natural get “hangry” (hungry + angry) when we’re too hungry.
If that’s happening, consider speech therapy.
Speech therapists teach techniques that make swallowing easier and safer. They also make recommendations on the types and consistency of food and drinks that help with swallowing.
9. Consider alternative therapies
There are a variety of therapies that may help both the person with Lewy Body as well as caregivers.
Occupational therapy may help someone with dementia maintain skills and improve independence and confidence.
Music, art, or can also reduce anxiety, improve mood, and give a sense of accomplishment.
Pet therapy, or using animals to improve moods and behaviors, boosts mood in many people. Caring for a pet, even if the pet is only visiting, can promote a sense of accomplishment and purpose.
Aromatherapy can boost mood and promote relaxation. Massage therapy can loosen stiff muscles, improve circulation, and promote relaxation.
Individual and family therapy or counseling can also be useful for learning strategies to manage emotional and behavioral symptoms. This can also help caregivers learn techniques to keep calm when conflicts come up.
10. Participate in caregiver support groups
Caregiver support groups have many benefits, including hearing from people in similar situations, being able to vent frustrations, and getting tried-and-true advice.
Getting support is essential for helping you stay as calm as possible in tough situations as well as for finding creative solutions to behavior challenges.
What to do if Lewy body dementia symptoms don’t improve
In some cases, non-drug methods aren’t enough to reduce or manage challenging symptoms caused by Lewy body dementia.
When someone’s behavior is aggressive, dangerous, overly disruptive, or significantly impacts their quality of life, additional help is needed.
The best place to start is the doctor who is treating your older adult’s Lewy body dementia. They’re familiar with their health history, current medications, and any past reactions to medications.
If their doctor isn’t able to help and/or the behavior symptoms are severe, a neurologist, geriatric psychiatrist (also called a geropsychiatrist), or geriatrician who specializes in tough dementia cases may be more helpful.


TI-Basic Z80 Programming/List of Commands/Text
TI Basic command, accessed from the Draw menu (2nd+PRGM)
Outputs text specified by Expr (which can be a String/Numeric variable or formula) on the Graph screen in small font. Position is specified by Y and X (notice that Y comes before X!). Y values can be from 0-57, and X values can be from 0-94, even though if the character(s) generated by the expression do not fit on the screen they will be skipped, therefore 91 is the highest value that you should practically use for X. Note that the values used for X and Y are top-left pixel value of the start of the text rectangle, same values can be used in Pxl-On and similar commands. The Y limit is 57 instead of the usual 62 to allow space below the location to output letters (The height of small font letters is 5 pixels, 62-57=5).
Unofficial use (not shown in TI Manual):
Same as Text(, except it outputs the characters generated by Expr to the Graph in large letters that you see on the home screen. Note that in this case, the Y value range is limited to 0-56 instead of the usual 0-57.


Get Ready for College
A-G Coursework in High School for college
The UC and CSU schools require a 15-unit pattern of high school courses for admission as a college freshman. Each unit is equal to a year of study in a subject area. A grade of C or higher is required for each high school course you use to meet the subject requirements. It is important to prepare for these courses while in middle school.
Homework for Absent Students
HOMEWORK FOR ABSENT STUDENTS: Make sure your child has a “Buddy” or two in each class to call if he/she is absent for a day or two. If a child is going to be absent three days or more, a parent can call or fill out a form in the Magnet Office to request homework. A minimum of 24 hours must be allowed for teachers to prepare the work to be picked up, and you must make your own arrangements for pick-up. The office will be unable to send for your child’s friend.
ARE YOU A CYBERBULLY?
HAVE YOU EVER...
- Signed on with someone else's screen name to gather info?
- Sent an email or online greeting card from someone's account?
- Impersonated someone over IM or online?
- Teased or frightened someone over IM?
- Not told someone who you really are online, telling them to "guess"?
- Forwarded a private IM conversation or email without the permission of the other person?
- Posted pictures or information about someone on a website without their consent?
- Used information found online to follow, tease, embarrass or harass someone in person?
- Sent rude or scary things to someone, even if you were just joking?
- Used bad language online?
- Posted rude things or lies about someone online?
IF YOU HAVE DONE ANY OF THESE THINGS, YOU HAVE BEEN A CYBERBULLY!
SIGNS YOUR CHILD MIGHT BE A VICTIM OF CYBERBULLYING
- Is reluctant to use the computer or electronic devices
- Avoids discussion about what they are doing on the computer, or other electronic devices
- Looks or appears nervous, anxious or jumpy when receiving an email, IM or electronic device
- Discusses revenge
- Exits or clicks out of whatever they are doing if a person walks by
- Has trouble sleeping or having other sleeping disturbances
- Shows a decline in school homework or grades
- Has an unusual interest in self-harm or suicide
- Exhibits unusual mood swings
- Not feeling well; has upset stomach
- Becomes reclusive, anti-social and or is loosing friends
WHAT TO DO IF YOU ARE CYBERBULLIED
- Don't read the message.
- Don't send a mean message back.
- Tell someone.
Take Charge! - Tips for parents to manage communication tools at home by Cox Communication including a family contract, family media plan, and how to talk to your tween/teen


See you after the New Year, may the peace of Christ be with you always. May you find hope and joy in your life.
There is no evidence of any kind regarding the date of Jesus’ birth. His nativity began to be celebrated on Dec. 25 in Rome during the early part of the fourth century (AD 336) as a Christian counterpart to the pagan festival, popular among the worshipers of Mithras, called Sol Invictis, the Unconquerable Sun. At the very moment when the days are the shortest and darkness seems to have conquered light, the sun passes its nadir. Days grow longer, and although the cold will only increase for quite a long time, the ultimate conquest of winter is sure. This astronomical process is a parable of the career of the Incarnate One. At the moment when history is blackest, and in the least expected and obvious place, the Son of God is born…"
-- Frederich Borsch & David Napier


This past month we have learned so much! We learned new Spanish vocabulary regarding the following topics: Months of the years, Days of the Week, Adjectives, Questions and Feelings. The students enjoyed creating different art projects, writing as well as singing.
During this past month we traveled to our favorite places. Through this activity the students were able to describe their favorite place by answering questions we learned such as "Donde?" (Where?), "Cuando?"(When?), "Quien?" (Who?), "Que?" (What?), "Cual?" (Which?), "Como?" (How?) and "Por que?" (Why?).
We also had the chance to sing along to a Spanish months and week songs as well as create our mini calendars. Through these calendars the students were able to relate each Spanish month to an activity they do during that month.
Although we enjoyed using our imaginations and creativity to make these projects we also had the opportunity to write and play fun games!
I hope you have enjoyed seeing what the students have learned this past month. I look forward seeing what this next month has in store for us!


Flat rock slabs and soil on the surface of Venus in a panoramic 170° image taken by the Venera 13 lander in natural light on March 1, 1982. The planet’s clouds and thick atmosphere filter out blue light, which gives the image an orange hue. Flat rock slabs and soil extend to a horizon that can just barely be seen in the extreme upper corners of the image, which appear curved because of the lander’s camera scanning pattern. Parts of the spacecraft, including a detached camera cover, a colour-calibration scale, and the sawtooth rim of a shock absorber, are visible in the lower half of the image.
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Senate passes strong gas mileage standards–Tell the House to do the same!
Last week, an earthquake shook the energy policy landscape for American consumers. For the first time in twenty years, one house of Congress voted to increase the fuel economy standard for light duty vehicles (cars, pick-ups, SUVs and minivans).
On a voice vote, the Senate passed legislation that would raise the standard for vehicles from 25 miles per gallon (mpg) to 35 mpg by 2020. Similar “10 in 10” legislation has been introduced in the House (H.R. 1506) by Representatives Markey (D-MA) and Platts (R-PA). The U.S. House will soon vote on an energy package that can and should include this reform.
Research by the Consumer Federation of America (CFA) shows that in the past five years, average household spending on gas has increased by over $1,000. Rural Americans pay even more – a $1,300 increase – because they tend to drive longer distances in older cars. As a nation, we spend $500,000 a minute for oil imports – leaving Americans vulnerable to oil price shocks.
Increasing fuel economy to 35 mpg passes both a consumer pocketbook test and a national cost-benefit test with flying colors.
• For consumers, increased fuel economy standards pay for themselves. Any increase in the cost of the vehicle is more than offset by the reduction in spending on gasoline.
• Achieving “10 in 10” will save the nation about 100 billion gallons of gasoline, reduce greenhouse gas emission by over 1 billion tons, and lower imports by fifteen percent by 2020. All of this can be done with investments of about $100 billion, making the cost of oil saved about $1 per gallon.
Increasing fuel economy alone cannot solve our nation’s energy problems, but it is the “sweet spot” in energy policy that addresses consumer, economic, national security and environmental concerns simultaneously. It is one of the most important first steps the nation can take to show that we are serious about ending our dependence on oil.
After 20 years of inaction, it is long past time to take decisive steps toward improving fuel economy standards. Opponents of meaningful increases in fuel economy standards must no longer be allowed to put off House debate on this issue.
Click here to take action now!
Posted June 28, 2007


The World and the Word: Tales and Observations from the Xhosa Oral Tradition
A master storyteller of the Xhosa people of South Africa, Nongenile Masithathu Zenani gives us an unprecedented view of an oral society from within. Twenty-four of her complex and beautiful tales about birth, puberty, marriage, and work, as told to the renowned collector of African oral tradition, Harold Scheub, are gathered here. Accompanying the stories are Zenani’s detailed commentaries and analyses and Scheub’s striking photographs of her in performance. The combination of these historical and cultural observations with a richly symbolic collection of tales from a single traditional storyteller make The World and the Word a remarkable document.
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Now she was called " a dog " by her husband ; she was called “ a thing that
doesn ' t give birth . ” As she considered her plight , the woman wept there by the
side of the kraal . She cried , and the sun set . When the sun had set , she went
It He said , “ I can give you some corn . " The first bird said , “ Do you think that we
have throats large enough to swallow corn ? " The second bird said , “ Vukuthu
vukuthu ! It is said , “ Do you think that we have throats large enough to swallow ...
person told me to give him some roots . I said that I had none , but he kept
begging me . I asked him who he was . And he told me to approach so that I
could see that he was really a person . I went to him , and while I was digging , he


Cognitive behavioral therapy, also known as CBT, is one of the most effective treatment methods for addiction recovery. Many patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy because it addresses unhelpful thinking and stressful situations. If you or a loved one are embarking on the road to recovery, take a closer look at how cognitive behavioral therapy works and how it can help.
Defining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a combination of psychotherapy and behavioral therapy. All CBT sessions are held in a private, one-on-one environment between patient and therapist.
Typically, cognitive behavioral therapy is conducted just one time a week. Sessions are often just under an hour long. This might seem short, but it is intensive.
CBT is also unique because it is not designed to be ongoing. Patients typically don’t participate in cognitive behavioral therapy for a lifetime. On average, cognitive behavioral therapy lasts for six to eight months. At that point, any progress that can be made has likely already been made.
In the 1960s, cognitive behavioral therapy was developed by a psychiatrist named Aaron Beck. He was the first to notice that during therapy, many patients were having an internal dialogue. Most of this internal dialogue was kept private by patients.
One way to look at cognitive behavioral therapy is a technique that directly addresses that internal dialogue. If the inner voice in a patient is expressing negative thoughts that could impact addiction recovery, then it has to be modified. Cognitive behavioral therapy seeks to change negative thoughts into positive ones. This can help with addiction as well as other conditions such as depression, paranoia, and anxiety.
CBT and Dysfunctional Assumption
One of the focuses of cognitive behavioral therapy is dysfunctional assumption. This is a pattern of thinking that can be harmless but often becomes a problem for those with addiction.
Dysfunctional assumption is a foregone conclusion without any evidence. For example, a person in rehab might think, “I’m an addict. I can never succeed in life.” This is absolutely incorrect, and it can hold people back from accomplishing their goals.
If a person believes something, even if it is wrong, then it will be hard to overcome. Many patients who are in addiction treatment don’t say these dysfunctional assumptions out loud, which makes it even harder to address.
In cognitive behavioral therapy, therapists use techniques to encourage patients to reveal their dysfunctional assumptions. Then, they can be systematically debunked. This can help patients challenge their incorrect and harmful patterns of thinking. In the example above, the patient can start to consider a successful life, working harder to accomplish great things in the future.
Addressing Automatic Thoughts
Cognitive behavioral therapy will also focus on automatic thoughts. Once again, these thoughts are part of a dysfunctional thought pattern. Often, these patterns develop in childhood, and addiction reinforces them. During recovery, however, CBT can reveal that automatic thoughts are often false.
An automatic thought might be, “No one wants to help me because I’m an addict.” Or, it could be, “I’m a failure, and nothing can change that.” These thoughts can be repeated so often that patients genuinely believe they are true.
During cognitive behavioral therapy, therapists will work hard with patients to dismantle automatic thoughts. They might mention family members as proof of support and love. They can highlight the value of a patient, hammering in facts that deny the automatic thoughts. This can be tough for patient and therapist, but it is incredibly beneficial to be freed from the shackles of negative, automatic thoughts.
Developing Coping Skills in Rehab and Beyond
Arguably the biggest threat to a patient’s sobriety is relapsing. More than half of all individuals who receive some form of addiction treatment will eventually relapse and fall back into addictive patterns. Many things can lead to relapse, including negative thought patterns and stress. Cognitive behavioral therapy may be able to prevent relapse by helping patients develop coping skills.
Coping skills are unique to each individual patient. What works for one person may not necessarily work for another. That’s why individual therapy is so critical.
During CBT, a therapist or psychiatrist can bring up examples of stressful situations that could spark a relapse. Patients will need to imagine themselves in these difficult situations. Examples might include being embarrassed in a social setting, being turned down for a job opening or going through a romantic breakup.
Then, patients can verbally discuss how to respond in a healthy way. Coming up with alternatives to relapse means that if these stressful situations really happen, there will be a plan in place. Instead of drinking, patients can call their addiction sponsor. Instead of using drugs, they can hit the gym to relieve stress in a much healthier way.
Eliminating Black and White Thinking
One of the hallmarks of addiction is black and white thinking. This is an all-or-nothing mentality, and it can be a major obstacle on the road to recovery. No patient should be expected to be perfect at all times, and there is plenty of middle ground between perfection and failure. Cognitive behavioral therapy can address this dangerous way of thinking.
The biggest problem with black and white thinking is that it can cause a relapse. Just because you make a small mistake, it doesn’t mean you should throw all your progress away. CBT can teach patients how to recognize a mistake, move on, and continue toward recovery.
What to Expect From a CBT Session
Patients should expect their first cognitive behavioral session to take around 60 minutes. It will be one-on-one, and it will start with a brief evaluation. Patients will be asked what they want to accomplish, and any mental health issues can be identified.
You should expect to confront serious issues during cognitive behavioral therapy. However, keep in mind that the end goal is always happiness, confidence, and strength.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a popular and effective means of addiction treatment. When combined with other treatment methods, it can pave the way for a lifetime of sobriety and health.


What Does it Mean to Study Aviation Science?
Apart from piloting aircraft, the study of aviation science encompasses air traffic control, maintenance of aircrafts and related facilities, flight operations, dispatch operations and communications. Though the Commercial Pilot License (CPL) is all that the Federal Aviation Administration requires for the operation of any aircraft, professionally trained pilots still enroll in aviation science degree programs to refresh or deepen their understanding of aeronautics.
During an aviation science degree program, you may find that you are interested in the professional development aspects of the field, working with crews on the ground as well as in the air. You may realize you desire a more mechanical career that enables you to develop new aeronautical technology or improved aircraft designs. You may discover a passion for aerial photography for cartographers, or perhaps for aerial firefighting. You could even realize that the sky is too small for you after all, and decide to take your aviation science another level still: into outer space.
From an employer's point of view, a degree from a certified aviation science program can demonstrate a high level of commitment to the field. Most commercial airlines prefer applicants with college degrees. If you are already a licensed pilot, you may be able to count your flight time and certificates towards your degree program as "credit for work experience," saving both time and money.
What Does an Aviation Professional Do?
Flying a plane requires memorizing and following procedures meticulously. Trained pilots must manage and evaluate:
- Flight plans
- Weather forecasts
- Aircraft load, fuel, oils, and hydraulic fluids
- Repairs made to the aircraft
- State of the aircraft in its entirety
- Flight management systems
- Cabin crew
- Flight crew
- Passenger safety
- Flight of the plane to its destination
- Communication with air traffic control
- Landing of the aircraft
- Write reports and keep a flight log
- Cleanliness of the aircraft
What Are the Benefits of a Career in Aviation Science?
A degree in aviation science can be molded to fit your own vision of your professional future. You may envision yourself working on the ground with a team of qualified professionals to maintain order and efficiency within the elaborate workings of the international air travel industry. You may see yourself in a high-powered well-paying managerial or corporate position in the service of a major airline or government agency.
Or, you may see yourself flying low over sub-Saharan Africa in a propeller plane, tracking the movements of wildebeests, or bringing aide to remote areas of the world. The benefit of a degree in aviation science, apart from the wealth of technical knowledge that it promises, is that it can be anything you want it to be.
Managing People, Not Just Planes
Aviation science is about flying aircraft. However, these vehicles can only fly if there is a solid infrastructure in place to send them off, maintain them, and land them safely. This massive support network requires teams of specialists. Careers in aviation almost always involve working as a member of a team.
The more advanced your degree is, the more management and organizational skills may be required of you. A cohesive and positive team ensures effectiveness, efficiency, and safety. Managing groups of people is a skill that requires a special sensitivity to the intricacies of human interaction. Good management practices involve:
- Improving aircrew communication and attitude
- Identifying attitudes and personality traits that are helpful or harmful to overall crew mentality
- Monitoring strategic and tactical decision making
- Encouraging thorough situation assessment over snap decision-making
- Establishing an open communication with the crew regarding why decisions are made the way they are
- Promoting open and honest discussions after flights addressing what went wrong or right, what could be done differently
- Establishing an atmosphere of respect among all members of the aircrew
- Training crew to recognize signs that lead to accidents by recognizing patterns
- Discussing consequences of rash decision-making and proper air conduct
- Leading by example
Do You Have What It Takes?
All professions require certain strengths and natural abilities and interests. Before embarking on a career path as specialized as aviation science, consider the following natural qualities of a successful aviation scientist or technician:
- Good group skills
- Logical thinking
- High performance under pressure
- Ability to follow procedures
- Ability to get along with a wide variety of people
- Alert and clear-headed work habits
- Quick decision making skills
- Ability to stay focused on one task for an extended time
If you are interested in working as a pilot, you must meet certain basic physical criteria. These requirements include good hearing, good eyesight (with or without glasses), keen reflexes, and overall good health. Using these traits as a foundation, professional aviation specialists develop many of the following skills during their degree programs:
- Technical operation of aircraft and basic flying skills
- Planning and decision-making and record-keeping skills
- Ability to interpret flight plans and navigation data and to make calculations
- Exceptional concentration skills
- Effective skills for communicating with a range of people
Types of Aviation Science Degrees
There are many different aviation science degrees available, depending on your career goals.
Associate Degree Programs in Aviation Science
These two-year programs generally require applicants to hold a high school diploma or GED certificate. Associate degree programs in aviation science are designed to cover both general education requirements as well as foundational knowledge of flight, maintenance, operations and air traffic control.
Recipients of this science degree may choose to seek an entry-level job upon graduation, or apply their associate degree to a bachelor's degree program for greater job opportunities.
Bachelor's Degree Programs in Aviation Science
A wide variety of jobs are available for professionals who have earned an associate degree, but graduates holding more advanced degrees are usually more competitive in the field. Coursework in a four-year Bachelor of Science program is typically more in-depth and rigorous than that of an associate degree. A bachelor's degree program in aviation science combines flight training with academic coursework that can apply to commercial pilots, flight instructors, or corporate pilots.
During a bachelor's degree program in aviation science, students earn two professional qualifications. The first is a degree in science. The other is a commercial pilot license. Enough science and engineering is covered in this degree track that you may decide to pursue a career in a non-aviation discipline. A handful of graduates apply their skills in research laboratories or in other engineering settings.
Online Degree Programs in Aviation Science
With recent advancements in technology and communication, many accredited colleges are now able to offer online degrees in aviation science or management. Online programs serve the needs of students who cannot enroll in an on-campus program because of geographic or time constraints. Most of the coursework will be done online under the instruction of a properly qualified educator. Fieldwork will be necessary for the completion of some online degrees; this can often be arranged locally.
What Can You Do With a College Degree in Aviation Science?
Career options for aspiring pilots and aviation science professionals
Pilots, air traffic controllers, aircraft mechanics, managers, flight operators, flight instructors, dispatch operations managers... These are just a few of the applications of a degree in aviation science. This section lists a variety of jobs available in this field with a brief description of responsibilities.
Career Opportunities for Pilots
- Cargo Operations. Efficiencies in cargo plane design, along with the increasingly urgent needs of business, have shifted many package delivery services to the air. Less experienced pilots can gain flight hours on large jets without having to worry about planes full of nervous passengers.
- Charter Operations. As more business executives rely on private planes and shared-time flight arrangements, many aviation science graduates find themselves piloting small, chartered aircraft. Pilots employed by regional charter companies can start their careers with annual salaries of $50,000, while professionals employed as in-house pilots by large corporations can earn six-figure salaries that rival those of commercial airlines.
- Flight Instructor. Many aviation science graduates help private pilots earn their certifications at small flight schools. Instructors develop lesson plans and training techniques, while enjoying the relative freedom of working with smaller aircraft in low-pressure situations. Many flight instructors earn annual salaries of around $41,000.
- Astronaut. These experienced engineers and scientists work just as hard on the ground as they do in space.
- Aerial Photography. Aviation science graduates who want to express themselves creatively can capture sophisticated images of land and buildings that can be of great interest to mapping companies, real estate brokers, and commercial developers.
- Agricultural Operations. It may sound quaint, but crop dusters and cloud seeders still play a very important role in our country's agricultural industry. The most successful agricultural pilots combine their aerobatic skill with their knowledge of chemistry and physics to help farmers maximize their crop yields.
- Traffic/News Reporting. As news outlets compete for the most compelling images of breaking events, aviation science graduates use their skills to create flight paths and holding patterns on the fly. Many stations now hire helicopter pilots who can report on breaking news stories and traffic conditions while they fly their aircraft and operate remote-controlled cameras. Base salaries for most of these positions start at $40,000 per year, although private endorsements and performance bonuses can drastically increase a professional's income.
- Public Safety. Governmental and law enforcement agencies employ pilots to transport people and cargo, enforce roadway speed limits from the air, track criminals, and perform search and rescue missions. Fires that are burning out of the control of ground units or in remote locations require the assistance of aerial firefighters.
- Wildlife Services. Pilots are used in remote areas of the world to monitor and study the movement and activities of wildlife. Data collected includes animal migration and population statistics.
- Tour Operations. Pilots in scenic resorts and major cities offer unusual aerial tours for vacationers and business travelers. Aviation science graduates use all of their skills to maneuver their aircraft through complex flight paths while entertaining guests.
- Remote Flying. Many places on earth can only be reached by way of aircraft. Remote or "bush" flying requires that the pilot have special skills for landing in challenging and unpredictable landscapes. These highly specialized pilots often work for government agencies or for international charitable organizations.
Career Opportunities for Managerial and Business Positions
Non-flying positions in aviation are available in airlines, airports, aerospace companies, and governmental aviation agencies.
- Air Traffic Controller. Many aviation science professionals use their multitasking skills in these high-profile, high-pressure positions. Often working directly for the FAA, air traffic controllers coordinate the takeoffs, holding patterns, and landings of dozens of airplanes simultaneously. These professionals use specialized equipment to monitor all of the aircraft in range of their landing strip, then relay this information in order to create safe, orderly flight operations.
- Safety Inspector. Many pilots and mechanics who want to work more regular schedules can shift into careers as safety inspectors for the FAA. They ensure that all aircraft meet government and company specifications.
- Airport Manager. Aviation science graduates can leverage their business skills by running one our nation's growing airports. Communities of all sizes now boast thriving airports. Each one requires a manager who can navigate complex federal regulations and labor agreements. Managers of larger facilities tend to earn more in base salary, although most airport managers earn annual bonuses based on efficiency and overall performance.
- Aircraft Maintenance.Aircraft maintenance technicians work with all aspects of an aircraft. Technicians maintain and install engines, airframes, and electrics including the cockpit instruments and radio systems. They are also responsible for the external and structural integrity of the aircrafts including windows, doors, all moveable parts, and sheet metal. Aircraft inspections take place periodically based on the number of hours the aircraft has been in flight or the number of days since the last inspection. The plane is then inspected for safety in parts such as:
- landing gear
- pressurized sections
- air-conditioning systems