Are you suffering from Telangiectasias? Chances are, you haven't heard of the official name for a very common skin problem -- broken blood vessels.
What are broken blood vessels and why do people get them?
Despite their name, broken blood vessels -- also known as broken capillaries -- are not actually broken at all. They are dilated blood vessels underneath the skin that are tiny and delicate. People often feel embarrassed when they make an appearance on the face, as broken blood vessels tend to be visible.
Causes of broken blood vessels
- Environmental factors -- Sun exposure can cause broken capillaries. Windburn and even extreme cold temperatures can be a contributing factor.
- Genetics -- While not a leading cause, genetics may play a role. For example, if your mother has broken blood vessels on her arms, you may be more likely to get them in the same spot.
- Aging -- When collagen and elastin break down, skin can appear thinner and weaker. This thinner skin allows blood vessels to show through more easily.
- Trauma -- Too much pressure or intensive skincare treatments can both cause blood vessels to rupture.
- Hormonal changes -- Going through puberty, pregnancy and menopause can all wreak havoc on the skin and increase the likelihood of visible broken capillaries.
- Rosacea -- Flushing and redness are not the only visible side effects of Rosacea. Visible blood vessels, particularly around the nose and cheeks, can be caused by this condition.
Broken capillaries are difficult to treat, but there is hope!
While there is no quick fix for this skin concern, it does not mean that you are stuck with them forever.
- Wearing sunscreen daily will not only help prevent broken blood vessels, but may help reduce existing ones.
- Products formulated to help with cellular regeneration is another trick experts recommend, as plump and healthy looking skin can reduce the appearance of visible blood vessels. Vitamin B5 is known for its plumping abilities, so look for this in your skincare products. You also need soothing ingredients, so using a skincare serum with potent vitamins as well as soothing ingredients such as cucumber may help reduce the appearance of blood vessels.
- Laser treatments are also an option for more stubborn cases. Be sure to seek the professional opinion of a dermatologist to determine whether laser is the best option for you. If you do undergo this type of treatment, be sure to use a reconstructive moisturizer to aid the recovery process.
You don't have to live with visible broken blood vessels. Knowing what is causing them is half the battle. Once you figure out why your capillaries are visible, you will be able to seek out the best form of treatment.


German Screenwriter, film director and historian Gietinger delves into the murders of radical leaders Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) and fellow revolutionary Karl Liebknecht
She and her comrade Karl Liebknecht
were hunted down together and killed separately on the same night by members of the Freikorps, which would transmute into Adolf Hitler's Storm Troopers.
To this end, Spartakus makes two key claims: first, that the Spartacist Uprising was a revolt rather than a failed revolution, and second, that Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
's decisions to stay in counterrevolutionary Berlin with the near certainty of death revealed their actions to be "genuine" acts of propaganda (40).
In their fight against chauvinism and imperialist war, Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
were killed on Jan.
As a Trusted Shop we stand out from other online shops, we offer security to our customers and we voluntarily commit to the high quality standards that are required to receive this seal of approval," Susanne Liebknecht
, marketing expert of ayCash GmbH explains.
A second inscription on the other side reads PEDESTAL FOR A MONUMENT TO KARL LIEBKNECHT
Following the deaths of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
, Paul Levi took the helm of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and continued Luxemburg's pursuit of the politics of majority-revolution, only to be expelled from the party within a few short years.
The situation was to the liking of the Marxist leaders Karl Liebknecht
and Rosa Luxemburg, who believed that the revolution in Russia would inevitably spread to Germany and across Europe.
BERLIN: Police briefly detained over 200 demonstrators taking part in a banned march in Berlin yesterday to commemorate communist martyrs Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
Although readily admitting police excesses in the present century--i.e., the police execution of the Sparticist leaders Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht
in January 1919--he is generally positive in his presentation even in explaining the Weimar police failure in their dealing with Nazi marauders.
Kollwitz' Karl Liebknecht
Memorial is a dramatic black-and-white woodcut depicting the mourners of the fallen leader of the post-World-War-I Spartacist movement.
declared that this object had just moved into its present position.


(1) To create a collection of 200-400 “Generation 2” GAL4 driver lines, each with an expression pattern restricted to a single type of descending interneuron. We are targeting interneurons that have dendritic arbors in the brain and axonal projections to wing or leg neuropil of the ventral nerve cord.
(2) To use these lines to assay the functional role of descending interneurons in walking and flying behaviors. We will use a combination of cell silencing and cell activation techniques to explore the function of specific cells in both tethered and freely-moving flies.
As flies traverse complex environments, they continuously integrate sensory information and send motor commands that influence complex behaviors. These signals pass from the fly’s brain to motor areas in the Ventral Nerve Cord (VNC) via the fly's neck, a bottleneck in the sensory-motor circuits that mediate many behaviors. Targeted manipulations of descending neuron activity may expose interpretable behavioral phenotypes that circuit redundancies up or downstream can mask. Indeed, work in other insect species suggests that this population of cells includes “command interneurons” that are capable of triggering complete motor actions.
Between 3,000 and 4,000 axons pass through the fly's neck, and we expect that about 700 of these are descending interneurons. Since the nervous system is bilaterally symmetrical, our best guess is that there are about 350 distinct pairs of descending cells.
We are collaborating with the FlyLight project team to make and image the driver lines. We, and our collaborators, are using these driver lines to assay the behavioral consequences of activating DNs in sensory guided behavioral circuits.
By screening the Janelia and Vienna Tiles (VT) GAL4 collections, we have manually segmented 146 Descending Interneurons (DNs) out of an estimated 300-500 DNs. Of these, we believe 89 are unique cell types and we have identified 74 DN not previously described in Drosophila.
This discovery phase was often aided by crossing to a GAL4 line expressing GAL80 under the control of the teashirt gene. The teashirt gene is expressed in the VNC and GAL80 blocks the function of GAL4. Thus in the F1 progeny, expression of GAL4-driven expression should be suppressed in ascending cells, whose cell bodies are in the TAG, but should not be affected in the axons of cells whose cell bodies are in the central brain. With the aid of FlyLight, we imaged 586 Gen1 GAL4 lines and discovered 23 new DN types using this approach. We have also identified and constructed 146 new split half lines for 45 unique DN cells that weren’t available in either the VT or Janelia split-GAL4 collections.
We have now designed and attempted an initial split screen of 1,000 split-GAL4 intersections to target very small numbers of DNs. From this screen, approximately 12.5% yielded intersections that were deemed worthy of stabilizing. We currently have 15 lines that have been made homozygous that are in the FlyLight queue for Polarity and Multicolor Flip-Out characterization. In addition, we have about 100 lines that are being stabilized that cover 57 different DN types and will enter the FlyLight pipeline when ready.
We will continue to refine our selection of split halves and screen an estimated additional 1,000 additional initial splits and choose an estimated 125-175 of these to stabilize and image through the polarity and MCFO pipelines over the coming year.


| Western Isles of Scotland
Western Isles Wildflowers
Western Isles wildflowers is a collection of information about our Hebridean wildflowers including identification hints, traditional herbal uses and general plant lore.
Salmonberry is a cane related to the bramble.
Not a native plant of the Western Isles, salmonberry is from North America.
In the Western Isles salmonberry is a cultivated plant which is usually grown for it's ornamental pink flowers, which has escaped and widely colonised the castle grounds in Stornoway.
Salmonberry flowers in early March when few other flowers are producing nectar so is a welcome food source for early emerging bees.
Also known as the Arran Raspberry.
Photographs © Suzanne Harris
Stornoway - Isle of Lewis - Outer Hebrides (Western Isles)
7th March, 2007
Flowers By Colours:
blue or purplish
orchid ID notes
Colour of the season
May 27th Lush Green!
June 11th White
June 25th Pink
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Lets start 2 functions at the same time and wait until they both will finish:
import asyncio import time def write(msg): print(msg, flush=True) async def say1(): await asyncio.sleep(1) write("Hello 1!") async def say2(): await asyncio.sleep(1) write("Hello 2!") write("start") loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather( say1(), say2() )) write("exit") loop.close()
If you will run this, you will see that
Hello 1! and
Hello 2! appeared at the same time after
1 second, not after
Note: we wraped all
writefunction which disables flush buffer to ensure prints are coming to terminal at a time of call and our experiment is not affected by stdout buffering
Awaiting vs waiting
Asincio is not multithreading or multiprocessing, but it runs code in parallel🤯
Thing is next: When
say1 function, interpreter executes it line by line, and when it sees
await, it starts asynchronous operation which later will be finished with some internal callback to loop (such callback hidden from us, developers).
But now, after start, it immediately returns control to event loop. So it starts asynchronous sleep and our
loop has control, so loop is actually ready to start next function
say2. When first
async sleep is finished, it makes internal callback to loop (hidden from us) and loop resumes execution of
say1 coroutine: next operation is printing
Hello 1!. After printing it returns again to event loop. At same time, from second sleep, loop receives event about finishing second sleep (if 2 events will come at same time they will not be lost, they will be just queued).
Hello 2! printed and second method also returned.
run_until_complete(gather(l1,l2,l3)) will block until all
l3 coroutines will be done.
It can be displayed as next (assume that all red lines are at
0s time point, and all blue at
9 events may become swapped - if you run code several times you may notice that first
Hello printed after second.
async deffunctions are named
coroutines. They could be awaited
Why it is cool
Now just imagine that you can do any blocking IO operations like sleep here (call HTTP methods, work with files, executing database queries) - just start as many as you want and wait.
You would use server hardware with maximum efficency without spawning processes or threads which have a lot of overhead.
And it is reality with Python 3.6+ asyncio!
When you will not able to use it
When you need multiple CPU operations in parallel. Coroutines should be used only for IO operations, like some HTTP client like aiohttp calls server. Blocking old libraries likr requests would block you thread, when aiohttp alows to do something else when you are waiting for server response.
CPU operations like machine learning, some hard math, looping over huge arrays will still block your thread even if you wrap it in coroutine. Because your CPU is busy, it can't even exit to event loop while you calculate something. If you need speedup CPU calculations look at batch processing explanation and example
Also check out:
- FastAPI for building REST services: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
- AIO-libs powered by great community https://github.com/aio-libs - libraries for Databases, Redis, and amny many more with async coroutine interface
Did you know?


Click on the above photo to watch this well done PBS NOVA documentary. LENGTH: 52 Minutes
Thanks to PBS’ TV Show NOVA, we have this insightful peek into the machinations of what took place throughout Europe, as the fires of WWI were first lit aflame in 1914, only 11 years after the Wright brothers’ first flight – – – but a good year before the 1st Aero Squadron deployed to Columbus in pursuit of both Pancho Villa and the proof of the airplane’s practicability in military combat. While not a short video, you’ll enjoy this documentary’s quality and educational content.
When World War I began in 1914, the aviation branches of the opposing nations consisted of handfuls of rickety biplanes from which the pilots might occasionally take pot shots at one another with their rifles. In fact, the initial air combatants first exhibited a sort of cavalier spirit, not unlike the jousting spirit of European antiquity; more like a friendly sporting competition than a serious life and death struggle. But as time wore on, the bloody and ruthless violence of the trenches down below soon began to contaminate the skies, as well.
But, by the war’s end, the basic blueprint of the modern fighter plane had emerged: it was now an effective killing machine, and the young men who flew these ships experienced an average life expectancy over the front lines of only few weeks. Air warfare had lost its early glamour and had been transformed into an exceptionally deadly occupation.
To trace the history of this astonishingly rapid technological revolution, NOVA takes viewers inside The Vintage Aviator, a New Zealand-based group of aviation buffs dedicated to bringing back classic WWI fighters such as the SE5A and the Albatross DV. NOVA joins this eclectic team of aviator historians as they discover the secrets of some of aviation’s most colorful yet deadly early flying machines – – – and explores how their impact eventually played a key role in the nightmare of slaughter on the Western Front.


- Nanofiber spinning methods and how they are reconfigured for multiple fiber morphologies and fibrous architectures
- Strategies for monitoring and improving nanofiber quality
- Nanofibers from polymers, carbon, metals, ceramics
Fundamentals of Electrospinning & Electrospun Nanofibers reviews and analyzes the methods whereby nanofibers are spun, collected and fabricated into various fibrous structures. The text explains the workings, quantitative specifications and set-up of virtually all formation technologies, including solvent and solvent-free, as well as needle and needleless spinning methods for nanofibers made from polymers, carbon and other materials. Practical information is provided for understanding and designing devices to fabricate nanofibers with many different shapes and internal structures. Special attention is given to strategies for overcoming defects in nanofibers and controlling their overall quality.
From the Foreword by Liming Dai
“This book will be useful both to students…and those researchers who actively work in materials science and engineering, nanotechnology, fibers and textiles…I am confident it will be a valuable resource to promote the development of various electrospun nanofibers and yarns for practical applications.”


Kenya has had quite the year. From a recent plane crash to a raid by al-Shaabab earlier in June, the citizens are looking for some good news. Unfortunately, Human Rights Watch cannot offer such consolation, but their news does show Kenyans that someone is on their side.
A low-income area outside of Mombasa is facing a serious health threat: lead poisoning originating from the toxic waste of a nearby battery recycling plant. The Human Rights Watch has released a film entitled “Kenya: Factory Poisons Community,” which details the resulting health and environmental damage and calls for change.
The plant in question opened in the Owino Uhuru district in 2007. The plant has been in operation almost continuously for seven years. There are no precautions to protect the surrounding local community from contamination, and as a result, the waste that leaks out of the plant has infected the water sources. In addition, workers inside the lead smelter receive no protection and are often left to handle the toxic batteries with bare hands. The result? Massive exposure in the workers and community at large to seriously dangerous toxic lead.
Toxic poisoning is no light matter. It affects some 125 million people worldwide each year, usually in the form of waste from various industries. According to the WHO, high levels of lead exposure can cause damage in vital organs including the brain, liver and kidneys, as well as intellectual and developmental disabilities for the next generation.
So far, three workers in the plant in Owino Uhura have died due to exposure to unhealthy amounts of lead, and the community of 3,000 is also showing signs of ill health. Blood tests performed on children back in 2009 showed unsafe and unusually high levels of lead in the blood, and children often suffer from fainting spells, seizures and intense chronic pain.
Little has been done to stop this tragedy. The plant was briefly shut down in 2009, but allowed to reopen shortly after, despite the health and environmental report that showed significant risk to the local community. However, since the smelter project was intended to stimulate foreign investment, officials are reluctant to end it completely.
That being said, some progress has been made, and the smelter was successfully moved from Owino Uhura earlier this year. However, this does little to alleviate the damage it has already caused and will only serve to infect another community with the same levels of lead poisoning. No citizens of the Owino Uhura district have received medical treatment or further testing. Compensation has not been given to the workers or patients either.
Phyllis Omido is a local within the community and a former employee of the smelter. When her son fell ill in 2009, she began a campaign to rally her fellow citizens and call for government action. Phyllis has organized letter drives and peaceful rallies. Although she has been arrested for her efforts, she does not plan to stop until the government helps her community. “We want them to clean up and to help remove the lead from the blood of our children,” says Phyllis.
The Human Rights Watch blames government inaction for the tragedy, but it is not the laws that are the problem. The Environmental Management and Coordination Act was ratified in 1999 and states that it is illegal for industry to release toxic substances into the air or water. Kenyan law also requires an environmental impact assessment before plants like the Owino Uhura smelter can open, but the plant in question did not go through the process. In short, the laws are in place, but are rarely followed.
Kenya is also a member of several esteemed communities that advocate for human rights and the environment. These range from the African Commission on the Human and People’s Rights, the Convention on the Rights of Children and the International Labor Organization. Kenya’s association with such groups means that it is obligated to take care of its people.
However, even though these laws are on the books and Kenya attends conferences on human rights, this obligation is often ignored. This illuminates not a flaw in the country’s laws, but in its government. The Human Rights Watch holds the Kenyan government accountable for the health tragedy in Owino Uhura and calls on it to remedy its toxic lead problem. Jane Cohen of the Human Rights Watch says, “This is an urgent and on-going crisis that needs immediate government action.”
So far, the Kenyan government has not released a statement, but is in attendance at the 2014 Environmental Assembly meeting, which has toxic poisoning on the agenda.
How Kenya will react to this recent call for action remains to be seen, but the seriousness of the situation is clear. Kenyan citizens are being put at risk by their government’s failure to abide by its own laws and protect its people. It is time for the Kenyan government to be held accountable for the health issues of its people caused by its industry.
— Caitlin Thompson


Urban Indians are tribal citizens or individuals of American Indian ancestry who reside in cities and urban areas. They are an inter-tribal population from numerous tribes yet, connected by cultural experience, identity, heritage, and joined together by location.
The American Indian population in California is unique and diverse. California has one of the largest populations of American Indians in the United States and is home to 723,225 American Indians of sole and mixed race (2010 U.S. Census). There are 109 federally recognized tribes in California, with an additional 75 petitioning for federal recognition. Unlike American Indian populations in other states, American Indians in California are not linked by a dominant tribal affiliation, nor are they concentrated on reservations. In fact, nearly 90% of the American Indian population in California resides in urban areas (2010 U.S. Census). One in seven American Indians in the United States lives in California and one in nine American Indians in the United States lives in a California city!
The migration of American Indians into cities is due in large part to the federal relocation policies that began in the 1950s. American Indians migrated, by force or by choice, into California cities seeking education, employment and housing opportunities. This has resulted in the vast majority of Urban Indians being unable to access their tribes for health services. Urban Indian health organizations, substance abuse treatment facilities, and social service agencies are a key lifeline for the population.
Urban Indian Health Care
American Indians are beneficiaries of a unique trust relationship with the United States government and are recipients of basic resources including health care.
With the clear majority of American Indians living in urban areas, congress has reaffirmed its obligation to facilitate health care access and services to the Urban Indian population. The explicit authorization for the provision of health services for Urban Indians is Title V of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act (1976).
Despite the fact that the clear majority of American Indians reside in urban communities, the Indian Health Service budget consistently reflects only a 1% funding allocation for urban programs out of all federal spending on American Indian health. As a result, UIHOs rely on diverse funding streams, including state, county, local and private funding. With state and local health care budgets being slashed in California, UIHOs are in a renewed fight to maintain the funding, resources, and infrastructure they need to serve the Urban Indian population.
Economic, cultural, social, historical factors, as well as access to health care have led to severe health disparities among the Urban Indian population. American Indians in urban areas suffer from chronic health conditions and health disparities that are vastly disproportionate to the health status of the general population, and other minority groups. Despite reports documenting stunning health disparities, Urban Indians living in cities in California remain invisible and under served.
UIHO Service Area Map
Click on the UIHO services areas on the map to learn more about the populations that our member UIHO’s serve and for links to their websites. Data used in this map is compiled from the 2010 Census, the ACS Community Health Needs Assessment, and the California Department of Health Care Services.


Shanghai in Brief
Located on the estuary of Yangtze River in the southeast China, named "Hu"or "Shen" in short in Chinese, Shanghai is the largest industrial city in China. It is boarded by the East China Sea to the east, Jiangsu province to the northwest, and Zhejiang province to the southwest, covering the south portion of the Yangtze Delta. With an area of 5,800 square kilometers (2,239 square miles), Shanghai has a population of 18.7 million, among which 2 million is floating population.
Enjoying favorable geographical and natural conditions, Shanghai has a long history of development. Compared with other Chinese cities, Shanghai ranks first in the value of its industrial production. It is regarded as the biggest industrial centre in China. The main industry in Shanghai includes metallurgy, chemicals, petroleum, machinery, automobiles, electronics, shipbuilding, light industry, textiles, electrical appliances, and other industries. Shanghai holds an important position in China as the chief producer of industrial goods, and a major export base in China as well.
Travel to modern Shanghai, you can enjoy many famous scenic spots, including theBund (Wai Tan), Huangpu River, Yu Yuan Garden, Jade Buddha Temple (Yu Fo Si), Shanghai Museum, Jin Mao Building, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower and theChildren's Palace and so on.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
White meat or light meat refers to the lighter-colored meat of poultry as contrasted with dark meat. In a more general sense, white meat may also refer to any lighter-colored meat, as contrasted with red meats like beef and some types of game.
White meat is made up of muscles with fibres that are called fast-twitch. Fast-twitch muscles are used for quick bursts of activity, such as fleeing from danger. These muscles get energy from glycogen, which is also stored in the muscles.
Red, or dark meat is made up of muscles with fibres that are called slow-twitch. These muscles are used for extended periods of activity, such as standing or walking, and need a consistent energy source. The protein myoglobin stores oxygen in muscle cells, which use oxygen to extract the energy needed for constant activity. Myoglobin is a richly pigmented protein. The more myoglobin there is in the cells, the redder, or darker, the meat.
Given nutritional concerns, meat producers are eager to have their products considered as "white", and the United States National Pork Board has positioned their product as "Pork. The Other White Meat", alongside poultry and fish; however, meats which are red when raw and turn white on cooking, like pork, are categorized by the United States Department of Agriculture as red meats. This categorization is controversial as some types of fish, such as tuna, are red when raw and turn white when cooked; similarly, certain types of poultry that are sometimes grouped as "white meat" are actually "red" when raw, such as duck and goose. The debate is mainly one of semantics as nutritionists consider all meat from mammals to be "red meat" while this is not the case in other fields such as husbandry, biology, genetics, physiology, etc.
Within poultry, there are two types of meats—white and dark. The different colors are based on the different locations and uses of the muscles. Dark meats occur in the legs, which are used to support the weight of the animals while they move. These muscles are designed to develop endurance for long-term use and contain a large amount of myoglobin, allowing the muscle to use oxygen more efficiently for aerobic respiration. In contrast the white meat, generally found within the breasts of the birds, are used for quick bursts of power which requires little of the meat-darkening myoglobin. Note that this holds for ground-based birds like chicken and turkeys – birds which use their chest muscles for sustained flight (such as geese and ducks) have dark meat throughout their bodies. Dark meat contains 2.64 times more saturated fat than white meat, per gram of protein. One commentator has pointed out that dark meat contains more vitamins, while another has stated the two meats are nearly identical in nutritional value.


How does Laser Eye Surgery work?
It sounds like something that pops up on a computer screen when it’s malfunctioning. But as they are built into our hard drives, or bodies, from the beginning, a refractive error isn’t something we can necessarily avoid.
Pretty much everyone has the makings of a refractive error. This means that to some degree or another, there is a problem with your eye’s ability to accurately focus light on the retina.
However, although such discrepancies are more common than not, they don’t affect everyone to the same degree. When they are prominent enough to cause you problems, they can be generally categorised into four common refractive errors: myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.
What glasses or contact lenses do is adjust your vision according to your prescription based on the above categories. This is a great way to temporarily adjust your vision to a higher standard.
What Laser Eye Surgery does, however, is take this vision correction one step further. Rather than adjust your vision according to generalised categories, it examines them in incredibly fine detail and treats it on the basis that it is unique.
Rather than applying an external lens on top of your own, it then uses a laser on the surface of the eye to change its shape and alter the curvature which causes the irregular bending.
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The result is that your eye is able to focus light in such a way that it reaches the retinal plane in a precise and proper manner.
The eye: the world’s first camera
The main function of the eye is to focus light. In this way, it works much in the same way as does a camera in capturing an image.
If you think of your eyes as a camera built into your face, the cornea, the transparent window on the surface of your eye, would be the lens system and the retina, the thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye, the strip of photographic film.
The cornea thus provides most of the focusing power. In an absolutely perfect functioning eye, which is rare, the cornea focuses light rays precisely onto the retina, or strip of film, at the back.
Instead of ending up with a polaroid or digital image, though, the retina processes the light into impulses which are then sent through over a million nerve fibres to the optic nerve, resulting in your own unique picture of reality.
In this perfect eye, its internal lens system fine-tunes light so you can both see clearly enough to read fine print and see objects hundreds of meters away. When you have a refractive error, though, light rays bend and don’t form a sharp, focused point on the retina.
As mentioned above, this can affect your vision in numerous ways. On a structural level, what this means is that there is a problem with the length or shape of the eye.
Any operation that corrects the focusing of the eye is called refractive surgery. Laser Eye Surgery is simply a form of refractive surgery that uses a beam of ultraviolet light to reshape your cornea and adjust your lens system. Altering the curve of your cornea allows light to be focused exactly how it should be on the retina.
Altering the eye with Laser Eye Surgery is like changing the lens on a camera
In the short video below, expert laser eye surgeon Mr Glenn Carp explains how Laser Eye Surgery works by changing the shape of the surface of the eye to alter the refractive error.
Laser Eye Surgery is the world’s most common planned surgical procedure. The most popular method of which is LASIK, a procedure carried out on more than 90 percent of Laser Eye Surgery patients.
To carry out LASIK, a device called a microkeratome is used to create an incredibly thin flap in the epithelium (the skin of the cornea), about a tenth of a millimetre thick. The surgeon then lifts this corneal flap back on a hinge and uses the laser to sculpt the bed of the cornea, fixing any irregularity present.
LASIK can flatten the cornea to correct short-sightedness, make it steeper for long-sightedness, and create better symmetry to correct astigmatism. When the surgeon returns the corneal flap back to its original position, the eye takes on this new shape — just like how a camera accepts an upgraded lens.
As such upgrades are well accepted by the eye, the healing process following surgery is surprisingly short. In the vast majority of patients, the skin of the epithelium automatically seals the corneal flap within hours of surgery, without them feeling a thing.
Patients therefore notice a significant improvement in their vision immediately — the “wow” effect — while feeling little to no discomfort as their eyes continue to heal over the following days and weeks.
This rapid recovery time means most patients are back at work the day after Laser Eye Surgery. And like trading in a polaroid for a brand new top-of-the-line HDSLR camera, they’re fully able to go out and enjoy their new and improved view of the world.
If you’d like to find out more about the procedure or book a consultation at London Vision Clinic, leave us a comment or give us a call us on 020 7224 1005.


Inside is an excerpt from Franklin D. Roosevelt’s 1936 speech at the Democratic National Convention.
For out of this modern civilization economic royalists carved new dynasties. New kingdoms were built upon concentration of control over material things. Through new uses of corporations, banks and securities, new machinery of industry and agriculture, of labor and capital-all undreamed of by the fathers—the whole structure of modern life was impressed into this royal service.
There was no place among this royalty for our many thousands of small business men and merchants who sought to make a worthy use of the American system of initiative and profit. They were no more free than the worker or the farmer. Even honest and progressive-minded men of wealth, aware of their obligation to their generation, could never know just where they fitted into this dynastic scheme of things.
It was natural and perhaps human that the privileged princes of these new economic dynasties, thirsting for power, reached out for control over Government itself. They created a new despotism and wrapped it in the robes of legal sanction. In its service new mercenaries sought to regiment the people, their labor, and their property. And as a result the average man once more confronts the problem that faced the Minute Man.
The hours men and women worked, the wages they received, the conditions of their labor—these had passed beyond the control of the people, and were imposed by this new industrial dictatorship. The savings of the average family, the capital of the small business man, the investments set aside for old age—other people’s money—these were tools which the new economic royalty used to dig itself in.
Those who tilled the soil no longer reaped the rewards which were their right. The small measure of their gains was decreed by men in distant cities.
Throughout the Nation, opportunity was limited by monopoly. Individual initiative was crushed in the cogs of a great machine. The field open for free business was more and more restricted. Private enterprise, indeed, became too private. It became privileged enterprise, not free enterprise.
An old English judge once said: “Necessitous men are not free men.” Liberty requires opportunity to make a living-a living decent according to the standard of the time, a living which gives man not only enough to live by, but something to live for.
For too many of us the political equality we once had won was meaningless in the face of economic inequality. A small group had concentrated into their own hands an almost complete control over other people’s property, other people’s money, other people’s labor, other people’s lives. For too many of us life was no longer free; liberty no longer real; men could no longer follow the pursuit of happiness.
Against economic tyranny such as this, the American citizen could appeal only to the organized power of Government. The collapse of 1929 showed up the despotism for what it was. The election of 1932 was the people’s mandate to end it. Under that mandate it is being ended.
The royalists of the economic order have conceded that political freedom was the business of the Government, but they have maintained that economic slavery was nobody’s business. They granted that the Government could protect the citizen in his right to vote, but they denied that the Government could do anything to protect the citizen in his right to work and his right to live.
Today we stand committed to the proposition that freedom is no half-and-half affair. If the average citizen is guaranteed equal opportunity in the polling place, he must have equal opportunity in the market place.
Lots of the basic analysis in this FDR speech still holds. Some of the details are a little different today, but the royalists have once again wrecked the American economy.
The best way to counter the absurd claims from the right about FDR may be to just quote FDR. I wish President Obama would do so.
FDR once said he welcomed the hatred of the right, because it proved he was on the side of regular folks. So when Rush Limbaugh or CNBC or whomever starts in with the lies, it means Obama is starting off in the correct direction.
The more they lie, the more likely it is that the current incarnation of conservatism will completely crash and burn, just as its predecessor did seven decades ago. When people are losing houses and jobs, and can see that neighbors and friends are terrified that it may happen to them, they aren’t going to buy a bunch of baloney from rabid talk show hosts, even if those rabid hosts control 90% of the genre because large corporations insist on spewing right wing nonsense.
Nothing is going to justify the misery still to be caused by this economic catastrophe, but the utter destruction of so-called movement conservatism and its mindless media spokesbots would have a distinct long-term benefit in terms of moving our politics back from the edge of utter madness. People consuming oxygen to claim that FDR started or exacerbated the Great Depression with his New Deal policies deserve neither respect nor a platform, let alone a following.
Yes, people have a First Amendment right to say most anything they want, but that doesn’t mean any old nonsense should justifiably be disseminated by media conglomerates. If you wouldn’t give Britney Spears a platform on CNBC, you shouldn’t give Rick Santelli a platform on CNBC, because they likely have about the same understanding of basic economics, apologies to Ms. Spears.
Accusations of “socialism” in our time against Democrats, a few short months after a Republican Treasury Secretary and a nominally Republican Federal Reserve chairman threw untold billions at the big investment banks, to no lasting effect, is a kind of willful ignorance that threatens all of us. Why any journalist with even the most cursory knowledge of American history would entertain such folderol, let alone spout it, is beyond me. It is on a par with celebrity gossip and horrific crime stories, and has no more use.
Despite my occasional (or perhaps frequent) rants, I don’t think I’ve ever actually posted the ultimate, and shortest, rant possible, known internet-wide by the initials STFU. And I’ll try to refrain a few moments more, even days or weeks longer, if I can somehow manage.
But for crying out loud, this economic situation is serious. I’m relatively certain the Obama administration intends to restore the economy with or without the support of the current economic royalists, but to the extent the royalists are ensconced in places like the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and Wall Street, it might be helpful if the good and rational among them urged their more ignorant colleagues to consider the true gravity of the situation.
People are not losers, as CNBC’s Santelli called them, if they get a serious illness, lose their job or were the victims of the pernicious fraud that infected our financial system. Their kids certainly deserve better than to be insulted like that. The rapid deterioration of neighborhoods, schools and basic municipal services is not something that can be dismissed by the bloated financial parasites that have sucked the economy dry, thus causing the problem in the first place.
You know, maybe they can STF….well, I’ll hold off, for another instant at least.


This week Gerry Brooke finds himself at Dodington Park, on the edge of the Cotswolds
I remember visiting Dodington House in the 1970s after Sir Simon Codrington had opened the grounds to the public.
As well as the carriage museum, I seem to recall an adventure playground, shops, children's farm and a miniature railway.
Although the house and grounds are now owned by bagless vacuum millionaire Sir James Dyson, and closed to the public, there is a footpath – the Cotswold Way – which allows access through the grounds from the A46 near Tormarton.
There's bags of history here.
At the time of the Domesday survey, Dodington belonged to the Berkeleys of Dursley, whose line ended in 1382. Then, in the 16th century, the Wekys family sold it to Giles Codrington.
In 1700, the estate was bought from his relatives by Christopher Codrington, the wealthy governor of the Leeward Islands.
The Codringtons owned a huge sugar plantation, Betty's Hope, on Antigua, for nearly 200 years.
By 1754, they "owned" 800 slaves, looked after by agents and managers.
When Christopher died, he left two estates in Barbados and part of the island of Barbuda to the Society of the Propagation of the Gospel.
The money, he said, was to be used to train priests to minister to the island slaves.
But after the Abolition of the Slave Trade in 1807, and then the Abolition of Slavery itself in 1833, profits from the West Indies sharply declined.
Although the Codringtons believed they would be better off under their ownership, in 1834 all 310 slaves at Betty's Hope were freed.
As their West Indian estates fell into disrepair, the family received £14,754 in compensation.
Back at Dodington the grand estate was said to have large and beautiful gardens. The original house here – an H-plan, gabled building – was said to date back to Tudor times.
When the poet and man of letters Alexander Pope visited in 1728, he described the house as "pretty enough, the situation romantic, covered with woody hills, stumbling upon one another confusedly, and the garden making a valley between them with mounts and waterfalls."
The River Frome, which rises in the park, fed a series of mill ponds and a small canal.
Investing huge sums of money in the estate, the Codrington's employed Lancelot "Capability" Brown to begin landscaping work in 1764.
He opened up the valleys by tree felling, but left specimen oaks and beeches before planting more woods and creating two lakes joined by an aqueduct and cascade.
The cascade building, designed by Brown in neo-gothic style as part of the picturesque landscaping, aimed to hide a link between the lakes.
The specimen trees included Cedar of Lebanon, holm oak, fern-leaved beech, walnut, Corsican pine and Norfolk Island pine.
In 1798, Sir Christopher Bethel Codrington, the MP for Tewkesbury, commissioned James Wyatt to make substantial alterations to the house.
But the Codrington family fell on hard times. In the early 1980s parts of the park were sold off, and in 1984 the house and grounds were sold.
They were bought by property developer Michael Kent, who carried out a lot of restoration work.


LMT is developing technology to help NASA monitor inorganic ions in the water systems of the International Space Station (ISS) in order to keep the crew healthy and safe. LMT will advance current state-of-the-art technologies by developing a Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis (MCE) system with Capacitively-Coupled Contactless Detection (C4D) for the rapid separation, detection and quantification of inorganic ions specified in NASA Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines (SWEG).
Chemical separation and analysis of inorganic ions from aqueous matrices is a fundamental need in many industries including: pharmaceutical, chemical, food and beverage, environmental, and medical, and biotech. LMT's compact automated system will be particularly suited for the measurement of trace levels of inorganic contaminates in drinking water supplies, the need for which reaches globally. The innovative power of our system stems from robustness of the detection system, which greatly improves portability allowing use in remote regions across the globe. This detection approach is to be packed in to a versatile user-friendly system that can be used to automate routine sample processing or serve as the basis of a high fidelity research instrument with the ability to couple multiple detection systems (e.g., Laser Induced Fluorescence and C4D) in the same unit. In this configuration, the instrument will provide the capability for end-to-end organic and inorganic chemical analysis of complex matrices. As an automated system for medical applications, our instrument will provide point-of-use technology for the identification and quantification of inorganics (and organics) in biological fluids with lab-on-a-chip analysis. The instrument is well suited for numerous potential commercial applications where separation and of inorganic species is required including: soil analysis, water analysis, and diagnostics.


Thakkyamanaung pagoda is situated half a mile far in distance from the eastern part of the palace site and it stands on the flat land. The pagoda was erected by king Thi Ri Thu Dam Ma in AD 1629. The pagoda was named Thakkyamanaung in commemoration of that Sakkya clan ruled the throne of Mraukoo consecutively from generation to generation. The pagoda is 240 feet in circumference and 114 feet high. The pagoda is surrounded by the stone wall.
The figures of Tanawyatkha and Piliyatkha who are gurading the pagoda, and the figures of Vithajone and Pyinsathikha celestial beings who are playing obeisance to Buddha, can be seen at both sides of the western entrance.
The pagoda was made of stone and it was built in the form of the sacred lotus. The form of booming of sacred lotus flower and the form of appearing of the pagoda from the plinth, represent that Buddha, the sacred lotus flower, appeared from the worldly realm, the mud. There are four porches in the two terraces. The porches were decorated with turreted designs. Every terrace has diamond corners. The great pagoda is surrounded by twelve small pagodas. Each ordination hall is at the four corners. Those ordination halls are 6 feet high. There is a big ordination hall in the east of the pagoda. The Buddha images from that big ordination hall, are those which were brought from Pyaysoegyi pagoda in 1915 AD. There is still a Buddha footprint with 108 sole marks worshipped in Mraukoo period near the Buddha images. The board of trustee maintains the pagoda.


Spelling Rules – Phonics – Vowels – Dyslexia – More!
All Ages Learn to Spell Hundreds of Words at a Time! Guaranteed!
Logical learners need our 100 Spelling Rules to learn when to spell a sound one-way and not the other, as in the final sound in fashion, ocean, suspicion, complexion, superstition, expression, and musician.
Linguist Camilia spent 15 years discovering over 100 spelling rules that no one else had seen before and applying the rules in 600 phonics lessons in 10 books.
Vowels and Phonics
For instance, the Vowel A has five major sounds we call phonics, which are spelled in 12 major ways we call spelling patterns, as in 1-hăt 2-hāte, rain, day, able, eight 3-auction, law, fall, false 4-ward 5-permanent. Vowels have rules: Read more
Our 10 Spelling Books
See our 10 Spelling Books on a Page → Spelling Books
1. Read Instantly (200 Phonics Lessons) Read more
2. Learn to Spell 500 Words a Day (6 volumes) Read more
3. 100 Spelling Rules (Exclusive Spelling Rules) Read more
4. The Compound Words (7,000 Words) Read more
5. How to Teach Phonics – Teachers’ Guide Read more
Unique 30 learning features in Camilia’s Program →here
To teach reading phonics, start here
4 Ways to Buy our Books
Dyslexia Can End
Dyslexia Ends: Dyslexia in reading, spelling, and reversing letters ends, after learning to spell and after slowing down to write words slowly.
Logical Learning Style: Dyslexic persons are not learning disabled; they can learn but their learning style is a logical learning style. They can memorize the spelling of words after seeing the logic in the way words are spelled. Lee, a sixth grader, could not read or spell words but he learned to spell logically. See how Lee Learned to Read in a Week!
Logical Learners become Poor Spellers: When no logical spelling rules are provided, logical learners become poor spellers and soon after that, they are told they have dyslexia. Understanding how people get dyslexia is half of the solution to ending it!
Our 10 spelling rules books are designed for logical learners and they are guaranteed to end dyslexia in reading and spelling, for children and adults.
Eleazar Herrera – age 11, grade 6 – Cajon Valley School District, “I was used to reading without looking at the way words are spelled because my other teachers always told me to read fast. I thought I could never learn to spell. Spelling isn’t as difficult as I thought it was. I wish someone had told me about these spelling rules before.”
Leslie Riggs, Kansas City, State Attorney for the Prison System and for Charter Schools, “Camilia: I am pleased that you have found a life’s work that promises to help so many people. I am glad you came to America.”
Al Graham, age 44 is now a schoolteacher, Al was Camilia‘s student at Cuyamaca College 1999, “I took the CBEST and past it the first time, all three sections. I know you know this but you probably still enjoy hearing it, that your class I think got me and is getting me through my spelling difficulties. I will always be thankful! I really feel your program is helping make the difference in my success.”


Globally, tremendous progress has been made in reducing extreme poverty in the last 25 years. However, the number of poor remains unacceptably high, at just over 1 billion in 2011 compared with 1.2 billion in 2008, creating a widening gap between the living standards of those in the bottom 40 percent and the top 60 percent of the population. According to the recently released Global Monitoring Report, the well-being of low income households still remains below that of households in the top 60 percent directly impacting young children who are 2-3 times more likely to be malnourished than those in the highest wealth quintiles.
While much more works needs to be done to close this gap, importance should be given to the quality of nutritional intakes in improving a children’s overall wellbeing. My recent World Bank working paper discusses a set of issues that need to be addressed in developing food policies for children’s physical and intellectual growth.
Analyzing the effects of food intakes on health outcomes is a complex topic and involves multiple factors. Stigler (1945) noted that because “the optimum quantity of any nutrient depends upon the quantities of other nutrients available”, the “ultimate health function will doubtless be very complex”. Moreover, households’ food intakes are influenced by cultural, geographical, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. Environmental factors, such as poor sanitation and hygiene, play an important role in children’s physical growth. For example, children in developing countries are unlikely to achieve their full height despite adequate food supplies because repeated episodes of diarrheal and other morbidities exacerbate nutrient loss. At the other extreme, heights in the Netherlands has surpassed all countries since the Second World War, presumably due to the school milk programs that encouraged and rewarded children for drinking up to five glasses of milk daily by becoming “M-brigadiers”. Availability of nutritious foods at affordable prices for poor households is also a critical factor. In countries where stunting is prevalent due to low calcium intakes, for example, higher productivity in dairy farming and efficiency in food distribution systems can improve children’s diet quality.
The efficacy of food polices is likely to depend on nutritional knowledge incorporated into the design. Moreover, nutrient intakes gradually affect child health, so it is helpful to use alternative tools to evaluate short-term interventions versus long-term food policies. Based on elaborate econometric analyses of data from countries such as Bangladesh, India, Kenya, the Philippines, and Tanzania, the main findings of my paper are:
- The estimated income elasticities of energy and nutrient intakes in India, the Philippines, and Kenya underscored the roles of household incomes for improving diet quality. For micronutrients such as iron, absorption rates are low, and so it is important to focus on “absorbable” iron intakes to reduce deficiencies. For example, it would be helpful to design policies to improve the iron content of staple foods such as rice and beans, while increasing the intakes of vegetables such as orange flesh sweet potato that contain higher quantities of β-carotene. Such policies will gradually benefit large numbers of individuals, although the evaluation of the benefits would require an extended time frame.
- The magnitudes of income elasticities of calcium intakes showed increases with household incomes in India, the Philippines, and Kenya. Dairy products are good sources of calcium and increase the intake of “heme” iron that is readily absorbed. Thus, the promotion of dairy farming is likely to have beneficial effects for child health. Such interventions have been successful in increasing children’s physical growth in developed countries so that less emphasis needs to be placed on short-term evaluations in developing countries.
- The effects of environmental factors such as poor sanitation and water quality on children’s morbidity were emphasized because they hinder nutrient absorption. The evidence on Filipino, Kenyan, and Bangladeshi children showed the importance of good nutritional status assessed via intake of vitamin A, and height, weight and hemoglobin concentration to reduce morbidity. The results for Indian children’s hemoglobin concentration indicated the importance of utilization of healthcare services.
- For pre-school and school-aged children, food and health policies should improve the nutritional status of younger children, especially when resources are limited. Morbidity levels typically decline with age as immunity systems develop. Analyses of Filipino and Kenyan data also showed beneficial effects of diet quality for children’s age-adjusted height and weight. Thus, food policies such as maternal supplementation programs during pregnancy to improve birth outcomes, supplementation of lactating mothers to support infant growth, and supplementation programs for preschool children are likely to improve children’s growth. In addition, family planning programs that enable birth spacing reduce demands on the low maternal nutrient stores in developing countries.
- Encouraging livestock production will be helpful for child growth because dairy products increase calcium and heme iron intakes. In addition, cultivation of fruits and vegetables, even on a small scale, can increase vitamin A and C intakes, which enhance non-heme iron absorption. Although the resources available for dairy farming and vegetable cultivation are often limited, additional revenues from taxing unhealthy processed foods can support higher intakes of animal products by the poor. Sixth, children’s cognitive development is critical for the future supply of skilled labor and for economic development. Improving diet quality in terms of protein and micronutrient intakes will be beneficial for children’s physical and cognitive development. Future gains in economic productivity from education are likely to be substantial, as demonstrated by impressive economic growth in countries such as Japan, South Korea, and China.
- Finally, it is important to design educational programs and indirect taxes on unhealthy processed foods for improving diet quality. A lower burden of chronic disease will, in turn, enable greater healthcare resources for the poor. More elaborate food labeling systems, educational campaigns, and taxes on processed foods that depend on fat, sugar, and salt contents, can improve population health and economic productivity in developing countries.


Year 6 Life Science Worksheet
Human Anatomy: Pancreas
If your child is starting to learn human biology, give him a great study sheet with this anatomy worksheet about the pancreas. He'll get a grasp of some important terms and concepts, and learn the different parts of the pancreas.
To learn more about the body, see our series of Human Anatomy sheets.


Jackfruit, also commonly called Jak, Jaka, and Nangka, is a member of the Moraceae (Mulberry) family. Although its exact origin is not known, it is believed to be native to the rainforests of the Western Ghats on the western coast of India. Today, the tree is cultivated at low elevations in many countries around the world, including Burma, the Philippines, India, Kenya, Uganda, Ceylon, southern China, and Malaya.
Jackfruit trees are very tall, typically ranging in height from 30 to 70 feet (9 to 21 meters), with dark green, glossy, leathery leaves. Trees grow best in humid tropical or near-tropical climates. The plant cannot tolerate drought, so sufficient rainfall or irrigation is necessary, as is rich, deep soil and low altitude (from sea-level up to 1,500 meters).
The fruit will begin to mature three to eight months after flowering. When ripe, the exterior changes from a light green to a yellow color and the cone-like points covering the surface will yield to moderate pressure. Inside, there is a central pithy core. Surrounding the core is both tough, undeveloped bulbs and yellow, fleshy bulbs. Fully mature trees can bear up to 500 fruits annually, though a typical yield is 150 to 250 fruits per year.
Jackfruit is the largest tree-borne fruit in the world. One fruit can weigh from 4.5 to 30 kilograms, and in rare cases even grow up to 50 kilograms. Each fruit can have anywhere from 100 to 500 seeds inside. Both the fleshy bulbs surrounding the seeds and the seeds are edible. The flesh can be eaten when the fruit is both immature, when it will be starchy and similar to a potato, and mature, when the bulbs will be soft and fleshy with sweet flavor. Mature fruit are often eaten raw, fermented, or dried, while immature fruit is typically boiled, fried, or roasted. Seeds are also commonly boiled or roasted, similar to chestnuts.
With so many different ways to enjoy the fruit, it’s no wonder people from around the world use the fruit differently when cooking. The fruit is used in both savory and sweet dishes across Asia, including curries, jams, and puddings. At a recent Jackfruit festival in India, 98 unique jackfruit dishes were featured.


Organic mechanisms are simply a description of the bond-making and bond-breaking events that occur when starting materials are converted to products. The "curved arrows" used to describe these events were pioneered by Sir Robert Robinson in the UK and are now the convention used by chemists throughout the world.* While undergraduate students often struggle with this idea it is as simple as driving on the correct side of the road; curved arrows always start at electron-rich areas and are pushed towards electron-poor areas.
If we think of electron density as a currency then the idea of "electron-rich" donating to "electron-poor" makes sense as long as we can identify sites of electron excess and electron deficiency. In Equation (i) the green curved arrow is used correctly to describe the lone pair from X (electron-rich) being used to form a covalent bond to Y (electron-poor). The green arrow in Equation 2 is incorrect because Y does not have any extra electron density to share with X. In most of the reactions we study a curved arrow will start at a lone pair or pi bond.
Since most of the reactions we will encounter involve polar mechanisms it is important to get this convention worked out early; you must be able to identify electron-rich and electron poor quickly. If you are not sure how to do this, refer to the Concepts page on the top menu. Once you become confidant with the arrow-pushing convention it can actually be used to help predict the products in new reactions.
If we start with a simple acid-base reaction such as in Equation (iii) we can identify the base and acid on the left and the conjugate acid and conjugate base on the right. Keep in mind that we are looking for patterns that will be easily recognizable as the molecules and the reactions become more complicated. Here the Na+ means that the N is going to be negative and thus electron-rich. The H atoms in the water molecule will be electron-poor since they are attached to the more electronegative O atom. This sets up the situation in Equation (iv) below.
Now we are ready to push the curved arrows but how many do we need and where do they go? Since we need to make one bond (N-H) and break one bond (O-H) we will need two curved arrows. As shown in Equation (v), the first arrow will start at N and go towards H to mimic the formation of the new N-H sigma bond; the second arrow will start at the H-O bond and go to O to avoid the H having too many electrons.
If we assess what needed to be done in the acid-base example we can extrapolate that to organic mechanisms since the number of curved arrows will match the number of bonds that need to be formed and broken. The first carbon-based mechanism usually studied in the Organic sequence is the bimolecular substitution of a nucleophile on an electrophile with loss of leaving group, which actually boils down to one bond being formed and one being broken. Considering Equation (vi) it appears that the C-CN bond must form and the C-Br bond must break.
As with the acid-base reaction we identify the electron-rich species (cyanide anion) and the electron-poor species (C in the methyl group). One bond needs to form and one needs to break so, knowing that this reaction is bimolecular and concerted, the nucleophile is going to kick out the leaving group on carbon as described in Equation (vii). This simple preliminary analysis of what needs to happen in each reaction will take a lot of the mystery out of mechanism.


The M4 is the rarest of the already rare Nazi Enigma machines, which could help explain why a working model just sold for a record $365,000 at an auction Wednesday in New York. The Guardian reports the 70-year-old encryption machine was purchased by an anonymous private collector. “The Enigma machine is an exceptional encryption device, one of the most sophisticated and complicated of its type,” a specialist at Bonhams auction house tells the Guardian. According to Gizmodo, the M4 was introduced in February 1942 and played a big part in the Battle of the Atlantic. It was called the Shark-key by US codebreakers and remained unbroken for nearly a year.
Of the 50 Enigma machines currently in museums, only seven are M4s, the Guardian reports. The M4s were used exclusively on German U-boats, 70% of which sank toward the end of WWII, accounting for the machine's rarity. In addition, Nazi captains were told to break their Enigma machines when captured, according to Gizmodo.


Photo credit: infinitewilderness
Ozone, a chemical that occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere, helps protect us from the sun's radiation. But, when it's released close to Earth's surface through human activity, ozone is dangerous and can cause numerous adverse health effects such as asthma and lung damage. The Clean Air Act requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control pollution from ozone based solely on the best available science. Yet the EPA has announced a draft ozone pollution standard that falls short of what the agency's own scientists and science advisors consider safe.
In June, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a draft ozone pollution standard that falls short of the level considered safe by EPA scientific experts. Furthermore, the proposal would allow the agency to avoid tightening the standard altogether, despite unanimous agreement from its own scientists and science advisors that the current standard is not safe. The Clean Air Act requires the EPA to set pollution standards for ozone based solely on the best available scientific information. According to EPA scientific documents, a 0.064 parts per million (ppm) standard would reduce ozone-related deaths by as much as 75 percent. The EPA's Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, a panel of independent experts who advise the EPA administrator on air pollution, has recommended the EPA tighten the ozone standard to a level between 0.06 and 0.07 ppm.
After reviewing 2,000 pages of science on the health effects of ozone, the committee unanimously concluded that there is no scientific justification for retaining the current ozone standard of 0.080 ppm. Yet in June, the EPA announced that it is seeking public comment on a draft ozone pollution standard that would establish an allowable limit of ozone somewhere between 0.06 ppm and the current standard of 0.08 ppm. With this proposal, the EPA reserves the right to leave the standard where it is today, putting the health of millions at risk.
The EPA is currently accepting comments on its proposal. You can take action and urge the EPA to use the best available science to set a stronger final ozone standard that protects our health.


Many women would like to know what makes your breasts grow especially those who were not able to reach their desired cup size. There are actually many factors that contribute to breast growth and development. Here are some of those most known factors that help enhance and make your breasts grow bigger.
Puberty Stage and Start of Menstrual Cycle
The most and obvious factor on what makes your breasts grow bigger is puberty stage and when menstruation starts. In this stage of a girl’s life she undergoes many hormonal changes that contribute to the many changes that her body undergoes thereafter.
During puberty stage, the ovaries start to produce estrogen, a hormone that is responsible for the growth and development of breast cells and tissues. Estrogen is also responsible for fat accumulation in the breasts. The breasts are actually mostly made up of fat tissues and the more fat that you have stored the bigger your breasts will be. The breasts continue to accumulate fats making it grow outward until it reaches its adult size.
Also, menstruation is stage in a girl’s life that can make her breasts become bigger as well. During menstruation, the glands located in breasts accumulate more water thus the feeling of swelling and heavy load on your breasts. During this phase, your breasts will appear bigger but with an unpleasant sensation of swelling and heaviness. This phase happens days before your menstrual cycle starts and upon your first day, your breasts will return to normal as the water accumulated will flush out as well.
Taking Contraceptives and Pregnancy
Taking oral contraceptive pills can make your breasts bigger. Oral contraceptive pills contain hormones which can help enhance your breast size. It contains hormones that are very similar to hormones you secrete during pregnancy that is responsible in increasing breast size. Oral contraceptive pills also promote water retention in breasts just like what you experience before your first day in your menstrual cycle causing it to become bigger.
Pregnancy also makes breasts bigger as your body produces the hormone progesterone which is responsible for milk production in your breasts. Since you store milk in your breasts, it will eventually grow bigger due to swollen milk glands and more fat deposits. A mother’s breasts stays enlarged until the time that your breasts cannot produce milk anymore and when you stop breast feeding your baby. Oftentimes, breasts return to their normal size but other times, it can even become smaller than before.
Gain Some Weight and Exercise
Since breasts are made mostly of fat tissues it is inevitable that when you gain a bit of weight, your breasts also become larger. While it may be contrasting to exercise and gain weight at the same time, there are actually exercises that helps you lose fat while at the same time help increase your breast size. Pushups helps develop your pectoral muscles which can help make your breasts appear bigger and rounder. Strong and large pectoral muscles can make your breasts appear larger, firmer and perkier.
These are just answers on what makes your breasts grow. These factors and stages in life can increase the breast size of a person. But if you want permanent methods to really increase breast size, gaining weight, using a breast enhancement product or exercising are your best options.


- Learning is a multi-step process of increasing cognitive complexity. Hence our learning pedagogy, is built around a framework to address this.
- We begin with identifying and addressing what you think may you know but don’t and addressing this though our Self Governed Pre Learning (SGPL).
- You probably don’t know as much as you think you do. When put to the test, most people find they can’t explain the workings of everyday things they think they understand.
- You’re likely to discover unexpected gaps in your knowledge. In psychology, we call this cognitive barrier the illusion of explanatory depth .
- Our Learning Framework


Learn ESL and EL Civics with Pictures
Easy Lessons and Fun Activities
World Geography Lessons with Photos
These world geography photo lessons are designed for beginning to intermediate ELL, ESL, and EFL students. Each lesson has nine photos and a few brief facts. The material can be taught verbally while showing the photos on interactive white boards. The units can also be used as prompts for writing assignments like country reports. Teachers and students might want to collect videos, postcards, maps, and posters to supplement the lessons. I'll be adding more material to this section over the next several years.
Ottawa, the Canadian flag, Parliament Hill, Calgary, hockey, and maple syrup.
Capitals of Europe
London, Paris, Budapest, Berlin, Madrid, Moscow, Stockholm, and Warsaw.
China, Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics
The 2008 Summer Olympics will be in Beijing, the capital of China.
Cities at Night
Mexico City, Isfahan, Marrakesh, Shanghai, Vatican City, Paris, Rio de Janeiro, and Quebec.
Mexican flag, Pyramid of the Sun, Mexico City, D.F., Cabo San Lucas, Playa del Carmen, chalupas in Xochimilco, Mazatlan.
Map of Thailand, flag, temple demons, The Grand Palace, Buddha, Bangkok, sarongs, coconut water, floating markets, and more.
Vietnam, India, Poland, Uganda, Greece, Mexico, Scotland, and Czech Republic.
EL Civics >>


When the traditional school day ends, students participate in study sessions and fun activities that teach important socialization and recreation skills. Activities include:
· Homework assistance
· Library visits
· Fine arts classes
· Athletics and physical activities
· Clubs and organizations
· Recreational and leisure time interests
· Independent living skills development
· Character education programs
Caring staff members encourage the students, and student friendships are promoted. The needs of each student are always considered, and activities are adapted so that everyone can participate.
Both residential and day students are welcome to participate in after-school programs, however, parent-provided transportation is required for day students.


Just like human babies, puppies go through teething. Some fly through it with no problem, while others fuss, drool and chew.
Puppies actually go through teething twice by the time they are a year old. Newborn pups do not have teeth. The first teeth to appear are the incisors—the tiny teeth right in front. These show up at around 2 to 3 weeks of age. These are followed by the canine teeth, then the premolars and last of all the molars. Puppies have 28 baby or deciduous teeth total. You may hear these baby teeth referred to as milk teeth, because your pup will still be nursing when these teeth appear.
At about 8 weeks of age, your pup will start to lose his deciduous teeth. The roots resorb and the new adult teeth will push their way up through the gums. It is this set of teeth, resulting in the adult set of 42 teeth, that tend to cause problems as they grow in. Most pups have their full set of teeth by 8 months of age or so.
Telltale Signs Of Puppy Teething
Your first hint that your pup is teething is often finding a little blood on his favorite dog chew toys. Don’t panic! The bleeding is minimal and will stop by itself. If you are lucky, you will find a couple of baby teeth. They may be stuck in a dog toy or left on the floor. Clean the teeth and then you can add them to your puppy’s “baby book.” We have quite the collection, though I did not find baby teeth from all of my dogs.
Other signs that your pup is teething might include drooling, hesitating to eat or eating very slowly, and increased chewing behaviors. Some pups fuss, whine and even run a low fever. You might notice that his gums are red and swollen in places as the new teeth push their way out.
Do not introduce dog tooth brushing at this time. Instead, simply let your pup lick some dog toothpaste (poultry and peanut flavors tend to be my dogs’ favorites) from your finger. You don’t want your pup to associate tooth brushing with any discomfort.
Tips To Ease The Pain Of Puppy Teething
The best way to help your pup at this time is to provide some safe chew items. Soft rubber and plastic dental rings and chews can be excellent. These should only be used under your supervision, however, as sharp puppy teeth can rip off small chunks that your pup may then swallow. Leather toys tend to be a hit, too. Again, watch out for extensive chewing that removes pieces.
One of the best puppy pacifiers I have found is a small washcloth soaked in water and then frozen. The cold temperature helps to reduce the inflammation. The cloth is not as hard as an ice cube, which might crack a tooth. Frozen dog treats like dog ice cream are also a big hit at this time.
If you need to encourage chewing on the frozen material, soak it in low-sodium broth or the juice from a can of tuna packed in water. This will make it tasty, but can also cause a bit of a mess.
Your Puppy Might Make His Pain Your Pain
Your pup may search for his own choices in chew items, and this can sometimes result in damage to unexpected items. Make sure all cords are covered or taped up out of reach. Supervise outings near furniture. I have found bitter tasting sprays work well on things like table legs to discourage chewing.
Destructive puppy chewing can happen in a very short time by a determined pup! Your pup may be well along in his housebreaking so you tend to leave him alone at times. Don’t try that when he is teething. You might be surprised to find just how big a hole your pup can put in a sofa cushion in less than five minutes!
When Puppy Teething Goes Wrong
Most toy breed dogs try to fit a full set of teeth into a very small mouth. You may notice your pup has “double” teeth, especially noticeable if the canine teeth are involved. This can occur in any size pup but toy breeds do seem prone to this. The retained baby teeth can cause problems for the developing adult teeth. They may totally block the eruption of the adult tooth, leading to a very sore and swollen gum area. Retained baby teeth also may force the adult teeth to grow in crooked.
Try to look gently at your pup’s mouth at least once a week. If you notice retained deciduous teeth, a call to your veterinarian is in order. Most baby teeth fall out by themselves but sometimes they need to be pulled.
Brachycephalic breed pups with short faces, such as Pugs and Bulldogs, need some extra observation around teething time. They don’t usually become involved in the wholesale destructive chewing parties that large- and giant-breed pups enjoy, but they are more prone to dental problems.
Monitor the occlusion or how your pup’s jaws grow. With an overbite, the lower jaw is shorter than the upper jaw. This occurs most often in dogs with long muzzles. With an under bite, the lower jaw is longer than the upper jaw. This may occur normally in dogs like Boxers and Bulldogs.
Your veterinarian will evaluate your pup’s bite and dental growth at each of his “well puppy” visits. If the bite is truly “off,” some teeth may need to be pulled or some orthodontic work done to prevent teeth from growing into the roof of the mouth.
Some hairless breeds normally have missing teeth, but this is not normal in most dog breeds. Premolars are the most common missing teeth. A dog with missing teeth can enjoy a wonderful life but should not be bred, as this is a genetic defect that can be passed on. In a few cases, a dog may have an extra tooth or two. The upper canines are the most common “extras.”
With some extra attention and a few good chew items, you and your puppy can make it through puppy teething time in good shape.
By: Dr. Deb M. Eldredge


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All That Glitters Is Not Gold Meaning. Definition: Just because something (or someone) appears to be good or valuable does not mean that it (or one) truly is. The proverb all that glitters is not gold means that something may not be as beneficial or as valuable as it appears. This common phrase can refer to people or objects. Origin of All That Glitters Is Not Gold.
All that glitters is not gold; Often have you heard that told: Many a man his life hath sold But my outside to behold: Gilded tombs do worms enfold. Had you been as wise as bold, Young in limbs, in judgment old, Your answer had not been inscroll'd: Fare you well; your suit is cold. Cold, indeed; and labour lost: Then, farewell, heat, and welcome, frost! Portia, adieu. I have too grieved a.
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So it is only fair to say that all that glitters is not gold. Gold is a very bright and valuable metal. Its color is yellow and looks very beautiful. The extremely shining object is a delight for our eyes. Gold has many use. It is widely used to make expensive jewelries. It is also used in some live saving drugs. The flakes of gold are now being increasingly used in cosmetic and beauty creams.
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Toronto school bans junk food from students' lunch bags
Published Wednesday, October 16, 2013 7:45PM EDT
Last Updated Wednesday, October 16, 2013 10:27PM EDT
A Toronto elementary school is trying to encourage its students to live a healthy lifestyle by clamping down on the contents of their lunch bags.
James S. Bell Middle School, located in the city’s southwest end, has implemented a food policy that bans students from eating chocolate, candy and pop while at school. Instead, students are asked to bring only fresh, healthy foods in their packed lunches.
There are some exceptions around the holidays, and food items like potato chips and granola bars are allowed, but not as an everyday snack.
“If we do find something like a box of Smarties or a KitKat bar … we will just kindly ask the student to take it home,” school principal John Currie said in an interview with CTV News.
Parents helped create the rules last year to encourage students to eat healthier.
“As long as they’re thinking about it and it’s a focus of conversation, then I think that’s half the battle,” said Currie.
School boards across the country have already taken steps in recent years to limit access to junk food in schools, by banning the sale of junk food and sugary drinks in vending machines and cafeterias.
In 2010, the Ontario government banned the selling of deep-fried French fries, junk food and pop in elementary schools.
Despite the bans, childhood obesity rates appear to be increasing. In Canada, the rate currently stands at 30 per cent, and is expected to more than double by 2040.
Many parents are happy to abide by the school rule.
“Hopefully that’s going to help parents to think twice and start to question why do they buy all that stuff,” one parent told CTV.
Still, not everyone is behind the idea to cut sweets from student lunch bags.
Food and Consumer Products of Canada says it supports a parent’s right to choose which foods are appropriate for their families.
Some parents say the school ban is overstepping.
“They don’t know what my kids like, it is hard enough to make what your kids are going to actually eat,” said one mother.
While most provinces have policies regulating what food and beverages are sold in schools, there is no sweeping plan to extend those restrictions to packed lunches.
Instead, the decision is left to individual schools and parents.
With a report from CTV News’ Peter Akman


The Meanings of Genetics
The recent rapid and successful development of genetic research has intensified the debate about its possible outcomes and might pose a number of questions to Humanities disciplines. As Paul Brodwin has observed, contemporary debates about claims of identity and about social connection focus around questions like 'Who am I, fundamentally?' and 'Who do I belong with, fundamentally?' and the presence of genetic evidence changes the meaning of this 'fundamental’.
There is a considerable body of literature belonging mainly to the domains of Sociology, Anthropology and Bioethics examining such topics as the impact of genetic research on particular communities and social groups and their attitude towards various types of genetic screening. As well as being a practical and ethical challenge, the genetics revolution is an imaginative and cultural one for the humanity. There can be little doubt that, like the Darwinian revolution in evolutionary thought, modern developments in and perceptions of genetics will have an enormous impact upon all intellectual disciplines in terms of issues, form and content. How are we going to re-image and understand the cultural, social and other intellectual possibilities that genetics presents beyond the realm of action and the ethical? It is these cultural and conceptual implications of genetics that this project explores.
Aims of Project
Within this overall framework last year Yulia Egorova started a separate study on the geneticists' accounts of the meanings of genetics. This year she is initiating a project on the Effect of genetic research on historical debate. The School currently also has another related project on Genetics, Religion & Identity: a Study of Bangladeshi Muslims.
The second and no less important aspect of the project is to establish a network of scholars and institutions involved in the study of the relationship between genetics and Humanities and/or in the development of this relationship. In December 2003 we set up a reading and discussion group exploring the existing literature on the cultural and social implications of genetics. This is a multidisciplinary group, which consists of humanities disciplines’ scholars, sociologists and natural scientists. In April 2004 and May 2005 we conducted two workshops examining the Humanities disciplines' responses to genetics.
This year we organised a one-day conference which explored the impact of genetic research on the concepts of personhood. The papers from the conference will be published early next year in Health Care Analysis. The titles of papers are as follows:
- Ruth Chadwick, ‘It's only a battery: Mitochondrial DNA and identity’
- Kristin Zeiler, ‘Me as My Genes? The Concept of Genetic Identity and Some Ethical Implications’
- Mairi Levitt and Neil Manson, ‘My genes made me do it? The implications of behavioural genetics for responsibility and blame’
- Joanna Latimer, ‘Becoming in-formed: Genetic counselling, uncertainty and choice’
- Robert Simpson, ‘On Parrots and Thorns: Sri Lankan Perspectives on genetics, science and the concept of personhood’.
- Heather Widdows, ‘The Self in the Genetic Era’
- Yulia Egorova, ‘The Meanings of Science: conversations with geneticists’
Egorova, Y., Edgar, A., Pattison, S. (2006), 'The Meanings of Genetics: accounts of biotechnology in the work of Habermas, Baudrillard and Derrida', International Journal of the Humanities , v.3.
Edgar, A., Pattison, S. (2006) 'Need humanities be so useless? Justifying the place and role of humanities as a critical resource for performance and practice', Medical Humanities (in press).
Egorova, Y. (2006) "Up in the Sky": Human and Social sciences’ responses to genetics’, in J. Gunning and S. Holm, eds, Ethics, Law and Society, v.2 Ashgate Publishing (in press).
Egorova, Y. (forthcoming 2007) 'The Meanings of Science: conversations with geneticists', Health Care Analysis, special issue on 'The Meanings of Genetics: science and the concepts of personhood'


If left side of throat hurts, it may be due to inflamed lymph nodes, tonsils or lymphatic tissue. You may experience pain on one side of your throat because of particles becoming trapped in this tissue – this may also happen due to a viral or bacterial infection. A localized infection is sometimes the underlying cause of a sore throat. It is important that you identify the underlying cause first and then opt for a treatment accordingly.
Left Side of Throat Hurts, Why?
You may wonder why you have sore throat if you believe you haven’t done anything specific that could irritate it. Here are some of the most common reasons why left side of throat hurts.
Usually caused by common viruses, tonsillitis can also be caused by a bacterial infection. Streptococcus pyogenes is the most common bacterium causing tonsillitis. This may lead to pain on left or right side of your throat.
Treatment: Your doctor will give you antibiotics to deal with a bacterial infection. Take antibiotics exactly how your doctor has prescribed and keep using it even when you feel better. Drink plenty of water, especially when your pain is caused by a viral infection because you cannot use antibiotics to clear a viral infection.
2. Peritonsillar Abscess
It is usually the more complicated form of tonsillitis and is the outcome of severe bacterial infestation on one tonsil. You will notice packets of pus on your tonsil with swelling and severe discomfort on one side.
Treatment: Your doctor may give you antibiotics to clear the infection, but sometimes, it is important to drain or even remove the affected tonsil.
3. Strep Throat
Caused by a bacterial infection, the condition leads to severe inflammation of your throat, often making you complain about that your right or left side of throat hurts.
Treatment: Antibiotics will help clear the infection. Amoxicillin and penicillin are the most common medications used to treat a strep throat. Be sure to complete your antibiotic treatment course to clear the infection.
4. Swollen Glands and Lymph Nodes
When your body fights an infection, it is common for your glands and lymph nodes to swell. Some people develop these tender lymph nodes on only one side of their necks, while others experience it on both sides.
Treatment: You may consider taking OTC pain relievers such as Advil, Aleve, Tylenol or Motrin. Don’t give aspirin to kids. Applying a warm, wet washcloth to your swollen glands will also help. Be sure to get plenty of rest so as to help your body heal and recover from the illness.
5. Vocal Nodules
Talking or singing loudly for an extended time may cause small growths, called nodules on your vocal cords. These non-cancerous nodules could be the reason why the left side of throat hurts. You may notice other symptoms such as hoarseness.
Treatment: The simple treatment is to avoid talking to anyone for several weeks or at least avoid talking as much as you can. In some serious cases, your healthcare provider may recommend removing those nodules using a surgical procedure.
6. Dental Causes
It is common to have a painful throat after having some dental work done. You may notice the same if you breathe through the mouth throughout the dental procedure. Drilling may produce tiny pieces of debris that will irritate your throat and cause inflammation. An impacted tooth may cause swelling in your mouth and make your right or left side of throat hurts.
Treatment: You usually don’t need any treatment for your sore throat caused by dental work because it recovers on its own in a few hours or so. If the condition persists, this indicates a bacterial infection for which you need to take antibiotics. If an impacted tooth is causing pain, you may consider extracting it for relief.
7. Environmental Factors
Irritants in the car may lead to the inflammation in your throat – this is more common in people with severe allergies. Cigarette smoking can irritate your throat and inhaling second-hand smoke is equally harmful.
Treatment: Avoid exposure to irritants to avoid dealing with pain in your throat.


From the outset, immigrants devised ingenious ways of spreading news of their interest. First, on sheets written in handwriting such as the single copy distributed by Mr. Seki, first at Japanese barber shops and then at houses, so that almost all Japanese people in Lima got to know about births, names of the deceased, and news of interest to the Japanese community.
In 1910 a pamphlet titled Jiritsu (Autonomy) began to be published and distributed. It was a bulletin mimeographed and edited by Ryoji Noda, Secretary of the Japanese Consulate. It had 60 pages and contained general news, notices from institutions and collaborations.
In 1913 the first newspaper printed with Japanese characters, called Andes Jiho(Andean Chronicles), appeared. In June 1920 the daily Nippi Shimpo was founded and in 1928, the Peru Nichinichi Shimbun. These three dailies were merged giving birth to the Lima Nippo in 1929 which, together with the Peru Jiho — which appeared a little later — continued to be published until the outbreak of World War II.


The largest of all tree-borne fruits, jack fruit is oval-shaped and knobbly-skinned. This fruit can weigh up to eighty or ninety pounds.
The Lobster mushroom is actually a parasitic hybrid of the fluorescent red-orange fungal parasite, Hypomyces lactifluorum, and the brittle white mushroom, Russula brevipes.
Hawaiian Mountain Apple
Inventory, lb : 0
The Hawaiian Mountain apple is a tropical fruit. The thin outer skin has a very waxy texture that is smooth, shiny, and very delicate. As the Hawaiian Mountain apple ripens, the skin becomes a darker shade of red, with occasional spots of pink and white. The white pulp of the Hawaiian Mountain apple offers a very crisp texture similar to jicama, is juicy and overall tart flavor with lingering sweet nuances, reminiscent of ripe pear.
Hawaiian Mountain apples are available year-round in tropical climates. The peak season in Hawaii is late summer through fall.
Hawaiian Mountain apple is a member of the Myrtaceae family, and related to the Java plum, guava, eucalyptus and Surinam cherry trees. It is botanically known as Syzygium malaccense. It is also known as Malay apple, Pomerac, Rose apple, Water apple, or Ohi’a ‘ai in Hawaiian. Hawaiian Mountain apples are known as “canoe plants,” touting an arrival to the islands by ancient Polynesians who traveled by canoe to Hawaii before the arrival of Tahitian and eventually European settlers.
Hawaiian Mountain apples are most commonly eaten fresh, out of hand. However, they have proven to be versatile in other preparation styles such as drying, pickling, made into sauces or preserves. Known to have high water content. Stewed Hawaiian Mountain apples pair well with spices such as cloves or cinnamon and go well with cream as a dessert. The skin can be cooked separately to make a deeply colored syrup to add to cooked fruits. Hawaiian Mountain apples are also fermented to make both red and white table wines in Puerto Rico.
Ancient Hawaiians considered the wood of the Hawaiian Mountain apple tree sacred and sculpted it into religious images. There are also local medicinal uses for the bark of the Hawaiian Mountain apple tree that help ease symptoms of sore throats.
The Hawaiian Mountain apple is native to Malaysia and spread throughout the Pacific Islands via Malaysian settlers. The trees grow in strictly tropical, humid climates and are cultivated from sea-level to high elevations. Hawaiian Mountain apples are grown in valleys and on mountain slopes of the lowest forest zone of the Hawaiian Islands. The pink flower blossoms and fruit sprout anywhere along the branches and on the trunk as well.
Recipes that include Hawaiian Mountain Apple. One is easiest, three is harder.
|The Little Foodie||Island Fresh Fruit Tart|
|Rebekah’s Studio||Rebekah’s Ka’a’awa Mountain Apple Pie|