Tennis Elbow Surgery
Tennis elbow, also called Lateral Epicondylitis, is a painful condition occurring from repeated muscle contractions in the forearm that leads to inflammation and micro-tears in the tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle. The lateral epicondyle is the bony prominence that is felt on the outside of the elbow.
Signs and symptoms of tennis elbow can include the following:
- Elbow pain that gradually worsens
- Pain to the outside of the elbow that radiates to the forearm and wrist with grasping objects
- Weak grip
- Painful grip
- Pain is exacerbated in the elbow when the wrist is bent back
Tennis Elbow is usually caused by overuse of the forearm muscles but may also be caused by direct trauma such as with a fall, car accident, or work injury.
Tennis elbow is commonly seen in tennis players, hence the name, especially when poor technique is used when hitting the ball with a backhand stroke. Other common causes include any activity that requires repetitive motion of the forearm such as painting, hammering, typing, raking, weaving, gardening, lifting heavy objects and playing musical instruments.
Tennis Elbow should be evaluated by an orthopaedic specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment. Your physician will perform the following:
- Medical History
- Physical Examination
Diagnostic Studies may include:
X-rays: Your physician may order an x-ray to rule out a fracture or arthritis as the cause of your pain.
Your physician will likely recommend non-surgical treatment options to treat the tennis elbow symptoms. These may include:
- Limit use and rest the arm from activities that worsen symptoms.
- Splints or braces may be ordered to decrease stress on the injured tissues
- Ice packs to the elbow for swelling
- Avoid activities that tend to bring on the symptoms and increase stress on the tendons
- Anti-inflammatory medications and/or steroid injections to treat pain and swelling may be ordered.
- Occupational Therapy or home exercises may be ordered for eccentric stretching exercises to the forearm
If non-surgical treatment options fail to resolve the condition and symptoms persist for 6 -12 months, your surgeon may recommend you undergo a surgical procedure to treat Tennis Elbow called Lateral Epicondyle debridement and repair surgery. Surgery is considered a last resort for this condition and only 1 in 10 patients require surgical intervention. The surgical success rate for relieving Tennis Elbow pain is 85-95%.
The goal of Tennis Elbow surgery is to remove the diseased tissue around the outer elbow, improve blood supply to the area, and alleviate the patient’s symptoms. This surgery is usually performed in an operating room under regional or general anesthesia on an outpatient basis as day surgery.
Your surgeon makes an incision over the outside of the elbow. The surgeon then trims the partially torn tendon and then reattaches it to the bone. Any scar tissue present will be removed as well as any bone spurs.
After the surgery is completed, the incision is closed by suturing. After surgery your surgeon will give you guidelines to follow depending on the type of repair performed and the surgeon’s preference.
The majority of patients suffer no complications following tennis elbow surgery; however, complications can occur following elbow surgery and include:
- Nerve damage causing numbness, tingling, burning or loss of feeling in the back of the hand and forearm area
- Wrist weakness with extension
- Symptoms recur or do not improve


|Austria Table of Contents
Initially, the new Austrian government apparently intended to implement the constitutional political structures promised in March 1849. But on December 31, 1851, Franz Joseph formally revoked the constitution, leaving in place only those provisions that established the equality of citizens before the law and the emancipation of the peasants. Popular representation was eliminated from all government institutions. In order to solidify a political base supporting neoabsolutist rule, the government also eliminated the Josephist religious regulations that had been the source of continuing conflict with the church. In 1855 the government signed a concordat with the Vatican that recognized the institutional church as an autonomous and active participant in public life. The agreement signaled a new era of cooperation between throne and altar.
Neoabsolutism, with its aim of creating a unified, supranational state, however, ran counter to the prevailing European trend. The empire's peoples could not be isolated from the larger nationalist struggles of the German, Italian, and Slavic peoples. In Hungary active resistance to the Austrian government declined, but passive resistance grew. During the Crimean War (1853-56), the situation in Hungary made Austria vulnerable to economic and political pressure from Britain and France, the allies of Turkey against Russia. Thus, when Russia asked for Austria's support, Austria initially sought to mediate the conflict but then joined the western allies against Russia. By failing to repay Russia for its help in Hungary in 1849, Austria lost critical Russian support for its position in Germany and Italy.
France took advantage of the estrangement between Austria and Russia to set up a military confrontation between Austrian and Italian nationalist forces. This opened the door to French military intervention in support of the Italians in 1859. Because Franz Joseph was unwilling to make the concessions that were Prussia's price for assistance from the German Confederation and because he feared the French might stir up trouble in Hungary, Franz Joseph surrendered Lombardy in July 1859.
These failures did not bode well for the anticipated conflict with Prussia over German unification, so the emperor began to abandon absolutism and create a more viable political base. He experimented with various arrangements designed to attract the support of the military, the Roman Catholic Church, German liberals, Hungarians, Slavs, and Jews, who were assuming a strong presence in the economic and political life of the empire. Urgently needing to resolve the tensions with the Hungarians, the government opened secret negotiations with them in 1862. The outline of a dual monarchy was already taking shape by 1865, but negotiations were deadlocked on the eve of the war with Prussia.
Source: U.S. Library of Congress


I have read from Apress eBook “Creative Blogging: Your First Steps to a Successful Blog” about English Writing tips to share with you regarding writing blog posts. Note that the rules that apply to writing blog posts are different and much less strict than those that apply to writing academic or formal papers, resumes, or business correspondence. In general, your tone is informal, relaxed, and conversational, and you speak to your blog readers as to a friend. This is not intended to be an English 101 class, but to review a few practices to help you write better posts:
1. Use a conversational tone. As previously stated, your writing should be relaxed and informal. You don’t have to worry about an editor reviewing your work or that your sentences are structured perfectly. This book is written in a conversational tone as I speak to you about blogging in a friendly manner (not as your professor or English teacher).
2. Keep track of your tenses (past/present/future). If you’re writing about the past, keep it in the past, and the same goes for the present and future. Nothing makes writing more difficult to follow than a jumble of tenses.
3. Me or I. If you are writing or speaking about yourself, use “I” as in “Billy, Mary, and I are going to the mall.” Use “me” when you’re receiving an action, such as “Charlie gave me the game ball.” or “My mother is angry with me for staying out late.”
4. Numbers. You can use either digits or words to write a number (10 or ten, for example) in the body of a sentence, so which you use is up to you. However, the first word or letter of a sentence should be capitalized so you shouldn’t use a
number there unless you write it out (Ten).
5. Using commas. Unfortunately, some writers use commas to combine too many thoughts into one sentence. It’s better to use shorter, simpler sentences than to create run-on sentences.
6. Its and it’s. In general, “it’s” is a substitute for “it is,” as in “It’s cold outside.” “Its,” on the other hand, is a form of ownership—“An elephant uses its trunk to pick up food.”
7. Apostrophes. In following the rules of ownership, in most cases you would use an apostrophe “s” such as “Heather’s jacket is red with black trim.” However, if the noun is plural, use just an apostrophe, as in “The princesses’ crowns sparkled with diamonds.”
8. Quotations and ending punctuation. In general, keep the period, question mark, exclamation point or other punctuation inside the quotation marks. While blogging, chances are you won’t use many direct quotes that require quotation marks, but if you are specifically quoting someone else’s work, you should certainly credit them in some way (remember the saying “give credit where credit is due”).
9. Proofreading. In addition to using a spelling and grammar checker, be sure to proof read your work. If you inadvertently use the wrong word, but it’s a real word, chances are good that neither the spell checker nor the grammar checker will pick it up. So don’t forget to reread your work before posting. It’s even better to have someone else read your work!
Best Theme For your Blog:
I’d like to share a few different types of Template Designs that ThemeForest Designers have worked on, each displaying something unique. Just a little imagery to spark your imagination!
1. Masero | Elegant Template
Premium blogger template with elegant layout and has a lot of features. This template build in two column (One column content and one column sidebar).
This template offering dynamic layout, with homepage that show you images thumbnail and single pages that focused on your content. This template work best for static pages/ Blogger pages too.
Infograbbit is a resume/infographic style HTML5 theme for Blogger. Offering an alternative approach to the boring text-based resume, this theme is intended for those wanting a simple yet stylish online presence or single-page site. Six colour variations are included in this theme package, along with detailed instructions for installation and a custom-made gadget for Google Maps integration.
3. Elegumus Business Theme Package for Blogger
Elegumus is a business style theme package for Blogger powered blogs which includes two different color schemes for the template: neutral and dark.
4. Golden Grace for Blogger
Golden Grace is a clean and professional Blogger template designed for blogger who needs a clean and professional environment to present content.
5. FlipFlop Blogger
- Powerful theme for blogger very easy to customize
- 3 column layout
- Left Aligned Layout
- Horizontal CSS Main Menu
- 4 Different Advertisement Locations
- Easy to change and customize using simple CSS
- Many options in the administration panel to set the theme
- For news, magazines, personal, or anything else
1. Pixelated theme (tumblr)
Pixelated theme is a premium tumblr theme designed by Oscar Barber to display the best way all you want to share on Tumblr. This theme focus on details and supports every single post type Tumblr allows: text, photo, quote, link, chat, audio, video and finally Ask Me (a very new feature wich allows users to ask you questions you can reply to). Each post type is displayed with it own unique formatting style. All you need to do is select the type you want to publish and Pixelated theme will do the rest.
2. Stratocaster Tumblr Theme
Stratocaster is a simple and clean theme but very flexible and with a little bit of jQuery awesomeness.
3. Tumbl News – Tumblr Theme Template
4. Desire Tumblr Theme
The Desire Tumblr Theme uses all the latest features from Tumblr. It is perfect for any type of blog be it for a professional business, creative portfolio or a personal blog. The Desire Tumblr Theme features a wide array of jQuery interactive effects to make yours and your viewers experience that little bit nicer.
5. Litefolio – portfolio theme for Tumblr
Clean and minimalistic portfolio theme with jQuery slider for designers, photographers and illustrators.
6. Time Goes Back: A Tumblr Portfolio Theme
TGB is a clean and functional Tumblr portfolio you will love this theme.
7. Vintage Sky
Vintage sky theme supports all the Tumblr features and has two content rich sidebar, featuring your likes, latest tweets, description, search box, pages, avatar box and people your following.
8. Forma – Premium Tumblr Theme
Forma offers a new concept and style to all Tumblr users. It gets rid of the regular post icons, of the typical blog design and focuses on real content, present in a refined design.
The user experience is the most notable feature of Forma. At the same time, it takes care of the author comfort with its awesome theme options.
Last but not least, Forma comes with extensive documentation and screencasts, so you don’t feel lost when you buy it.
WordPress Blog Themes
1. TechBlog – Professional Tech Blog Theme
4. Communitie – WordPress Blog
5. Dilapidated – Blog & CMS Grunge WordPress Theme
8. My Journey WP – Personal Blog
9. Link – Clean Magazine Blog Newspaper Template
Other Resources for Blogging Tips:
50 Creative Ways to Make Your Blog Popular
Six Tips for More Creative Blogging
Blog Writing Guidelines For Beginners
Ten Practical Tips for Writing in English
If need some guidance for cwna exam then get the latest 000-037 dumps compiled by our certified experts to help you pass ST0-94X dumps exam in first attempt.


The COVID-19 pandemic has touched all but one of Minnesota’s 87 counties — but it hasn’t hit all parts of the state equally.
The core of the Twin Cities metro area, Hennepin and Ramsey counties, have so far seen the most cases in the state, even adjusting for population. But southern Minnesota isn’t far behind.
Central Minnesota and the suburban counties around the Twin Cities have had similar overall infection rates, but the disease has peaked in those regions at different times.
Northern Minnesota, meanwhile, largely hasn’t had any serious outbreaks, with low infection rates reported from the North Dakota to Wisconsin borders throughout the pandemic.
Here’s a breakdown of the cumulative cases per capita in each of Minnesota’s major regions.
One important caveat to note is that data relying on confirmed cases has its shortcomings. In the early days of the pandemic, access to testing was limited and focused on places with confirmed outbreaks. As the disease continued to spread, testing in Minnesota became far more accessible, and is now available even to people who don’t exhibit possible symptoms of COVID-19.
That discrepancy is difficult to correct for on the regional level because the Minnesota Department of Health does not report how many COVID-19 tests have been conducted in each county. The department only reports the number of people with confirmed cases of the disease who live in each county.
Here’s what you need to know about the ways COVID-19 has showed up in different parts of the state over the past few months.
1) Southern Minnesota saw the first outbreak — and the longest
When COVID-19 cases in Minnesota began to spike in late April, it wasn’t the big cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul that saw the highest rate of cases.
Instead, the outbreaks were concentrated in a series of small cities across rural southern Minnesota, many of which had meatpacking plants that served as the epicenter.
By the beginning of May, southern Minnesota — a vast region of 38 counties with more than a million residents — was averaging nearly 15 confirmed cases per 100,000 residents per day. That doesn’t sound like a lot, but it quickly adds up.
New York, which has seen the county’s worst outbreak so far, peaked around 60 new daily cases per 100,000 residents. Minnesota has so far not gotten close to New York’s levels of COVID-19 cases. But some local areas have seen outbreaks on a similar scale — and many of those have been in the southern part of the state.
Lyon County, in southwestern Minnesota, has had five days with more than 60 new cases per 100,000 residents, and peaked at nearly 90 in early June.
Mower County, which sits along the Iowa border in southeastern Minnesota, peaked at nearly 180 new cases per 100,000 residents.
And southwestern Nobles County has been home to one of the worst local COVID-19 outbreaks in the county: The county, which includes the regional hub of Worthington, has had 26 different days with more than 100 new cases per 100,000 residents — and a peak at a stunning 629 in late April.
All of these counties have something in common besides geography: meatpacking plants. More than 2,000 people who have tested positive for COVID-19 in Minnesota have been employees at meatpacking plants. An untold number of others have caught the disease by interacting with these workers.
Many of Minnesota’s meatpacking plants are located in southern Minnesota.
Unlike some other parts of the state, southern Minnesota as a region has never had a real break from the spread of the disease. As one county saw its outbreak fade, another flared up.
As of today, the southern tier of Minnesota is still seeing more than 10 new daily cases per 100,000 residents, which as of late June was the highest in the state.
2) Central Minnesota saw an early May flare-up, then a decline
The sprawling central swath of Minnesota, where nearly one million people live across in 23 counties, saw its own outbreak peak in early May, just a week or so after southern Minnesota.
As in its southern counterpart, central Minnesota’s spike was driven by meatpacking plants, especially in and around the region’s major population center of St. Cloud.
But unlike southern Minnesota’s, central Minnesota’s outbreak was relatively brief. After a peak in early May at around 17 new cases per 100,000 residents, its pace slowed in the later part of the month, and continued to fall throughout June.
As of late June, the area was averaging just two new cases per 100,000 residents.
3) Northern Minnesota has avoided an outbreak so far
The least populated part of Minnesota, its northern tier, has also been the least affected by COVID-19.
Roughly 500,000 people live in the state’s 19 northernmost counties, which are averaging fewer than one new case per 100,000 residents. The area has never averaged more than two new positive cases per day over the entire courts of the outbreak in Minnesota — so far.
Lake of the Woods County, the only county in the state that is yet to record a single COVID-19 case, is one of the state’s most northern, bordering Canada and the eponymous lake. Cook County — also in far northern Minnesota — recorded its first positive case of COVID-19 in early June.
The region’s biggest county, St. Louis County, has so far seen a total of 75 cases per 100,000 residents throughout the entire epidemic. Put in context, Stearns County has seen its COVID-19 case rate grow by more than 75 cases per 100,000 in a single day — four different times.
4) Cases in the Twin Cities metro peaked in late May
Hennepin and Ramsey counties, the state’s largest population areas, with 1.8 million residents and home to Minneapolis and St. Paul, saw their cases start to rise in late April. At the same time, cases were also rising in southern and central Minnesota.
But confirmed COVID-19 cases in these core Twin Cities counties continued to rise, all the way to the end of May, when they peaked with an average of more than 20 new cases per 100,000 people per day.
By June, Hennepin and Ramsey counties were experiencing steady declines in new cases. As the month barrels toward an ending, Hennepin and Ramsey are closing with an average of less than eight new cases per 100,000 residents.
The five other metro-area counties — Dakota, Washington, Anoka, Scott and Carver, with nearly 1.3 million residents — had a less-serious outbreak that peaked at around 10 new cases per 100,000 residents.
COVID-19 has followed a similar timetable in the suburban counties as it has in the core metro area: A rise in new cases began in late April, peaked in late May, and then fell.
One difference was that new cases in the suburbs plateaued at around five per 100,000 residents for most of June, at a time when case counts in Hennepin and Ramsey were still falling.
Getting more granular
This division of Minnesota into north, south, central and the metro — based on a breakdown from Minnesota Compass, itself inspired by the Minnesota Initiative Foundation — is a somewhat arbitrary way to analyze the COVID-19 outbreak by region. Grouping the state into smaller regions can help spot further trends, though at the cost of added complexity.
For example, dividing the “north,” “central” and “south” into eastern and western halves adds additional nuance — and reflects, in part, the ways Minnesotans think about their own regions.
Zoomed in, the outbreak in southern Minnesota in late April turns out to have been driven almost entirely by counties in the southwestern part of the state. The southeastern counties have seen a more gradual and more delayed rise in cases.
Similarly, the COVID-19 outbreak in central Minnesota is mostly a phenomenon of the east-central part of the state — centered around the St. Cloud area. West-central Minnesota has had much lower rates of COVID-19 diagnoses — in some ways more similar in scope to what’s happening in northern Minnesota than in the state’s east-central region.
COVID-19 in Minnesota
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Fine-scale structural complexity created by reef-building coral in shallow-water environments is influential on biodiversity, species assemblage and functional trait expression. Cold-water coral reefs are also hotspots of biodiversity, often attributed to the hard surface and structural complexity provided by the coral. However, that complexity has seldom been quantified on a centimetric scale in cold-water coral reefs, unlike their shallow-water counterparts, and has therefore never been linked in a similar way to the reef inhabitant community. Structure from motion techniques which create high-resolution 3D models of habitats from sequences of photographs is being increasingly utilised, in tandem with 3D spatial analysis to create useful 3D metrics, such as rugosity. Here, we demonstrate the use of ROV video transect data for 3D reconstructions of cold-water coral reefs at depths of nearly 1000 m in the Explorer Canyon, a tributary of Whittard Canyon, NE Atlantic. We constructed 40 3D models of approximately 25-m-length video transects using Agisoft Photoscan software, resulting in sub-centimetre resolution reconstructions. Digital elevation models were utilised to derive rugosity metrics, and orthomosaics were used for coral coverage assessment. We found rugosity values comparable to shallow-water tropical coral reef rugosity. Reef and nearby non-reef communities differed in assemblage composition, which was driven by depth and rugosity. Species richness, epifauna abundance and fish abundance increased with structural complexity, being attributed to an increase in niches, food, shelter and alteration of physical water movement. Biodiversity plateaued at higher rugosity, illustrating the establishment of a specific reef community supported by more than 30% coral cover. The proportion of dead coral to live coral had limited influence on the community structure; instead, within-reef patterns were explained by depth and rugosity, though our results were confounded to a certain extent by multi-collinearity. Fine-scale structural complexity appeared to be integral to local-scale ecological patterns in cold-water coral reef communities.
- School of Environmental Sciences - Associate Professor
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences - Member
- Collaborative Centre for Sustainable Use of the Seas - Member
Person: Research Group Member, Academic, Teaching & Research


Version BAD NETWORK/FIREWALL
lecture: Welcome to the Anthropocene?
(Did) We Accidentally a New Geological Epoch(?)
The Anthropocene is widely understood to mean the current "period of Earth's history during which humans have a decisive influence on the state, dynamics and future" of this planet. For several years, scientists in the Working Group on the 'Anthropocene' (AWG) have worked (and voted!) on defining the beginning of the Anthropocene in geochemical terms. The mid-20th century provides an obvious geochemical 'timestamp': fallout from nuclear weapons detonations. Which other chemicals and timestamps are being considered for marking the Anthropocene's start? How is 'define-by-committee' even working out for geological epochs? This talk boils the scientific background of the Anthropocene debate down for non-stratigraphers.
Stratigraphers are geologists, who focus on sediment, rock or ice layers, etc. These 'strata' form by deposition of organic or inorganic material (such as microorganisms or volcanic ash) and provide a records of the history of our planet's surface. Because gas bubbles, isotopes, etc. are captured in the strata, scientists can analyse the geochemistry of the past, date certain events, and more. That kind of data ultimately underlies xkcd's recent 'Earth Temperature Timeline'. Direct measurements of geochemical signals such as atmospheric CO2 concentration and ocean pH started only in the mid-20th century.
Besides the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the AWG is possibly the most diverse scientific committee with most public attention currently. Therefore, defining the Anthropocene is a multi-disciplinary, collaborative scientific effort, as well as an inherently political statement. This talk will explain why.
- International Chronostratigraphic Chart (AKA Geological Time Scale)
- KonScience-Episoden zu dem Thema
- AWG's status in Aug.'16
- AWG homepage


Economics studies how human beings manage scarce resources to satisfy their unlimited wants, how they make decisions to maximise gain, and also how different factors affect economic performance at a macro level.
Students will use economic concepts and theories, combined with economic information presented in different modes, to explain and analyse real life economic problems and phenomena.
Through the study of economics, students will:
2.1 Know basic economic jargon, concepts and theories.
2.2 Apply knowledge of economics in tackling different problems and topics.
2.3 Understand economic information presented in words, numbers or graphs
2.4 Develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills, so that they may make rational and smart decisions when dealing with social issues.
3. Course Structure
3.1 Microeconomics: Students will study and analyse individual agents in an economy. They will study basic economic concepts, including the issue of resource allocation in society, producers and production, market and price, competition and market structures, efficiency, fairness and the role of the government, monopoly pricing, anti-competition behaviour and competition policies.
3.2 Macroeconomics: Students will study the effect on society of macroeconomic measures. They will learn different measurements of economic performance, income levels and price levels. They will also study currency and banks, macroeconomic problems and policies, international trade and finance, economic growth and development.
4. Learning and Teaching Strategies
4.1 Provide examples from daily life
Students are encouraged to discuss events from their daily lives through an economic lens, through which they can put theoretical knowledge into practice and understand the relationship between economics and their daily lives. Not only will this raise students’ learning motivation, it will also improve their skills in applying economic knowledge, thus boosting learning effectiveness.
4.2 Catering for learners’ diversity through learning in small steps
Students will learn basic economic concepts first, then learn to draw diagrams and analyse them, eventually progressing to wide-ranging economic issues. In order to better equip students for the HKDSE, examination questions from past years have been categorised according to their topic, and distributed as classwork, homework, and self-study material, with the goal of improving students’ confidence and ability to face examinations.
4.3 Provide learning opportunities outside of the classroom
Biweekly external publications have been subscribed to, giving students opportunities to read about hot topics in economics, raising their learning motivation. Students are encouraged to answer data-based questions in the publications, thereby improving their analytical skills for current affairs.
4.4 Experiential learning
Every year, students set up a stall at the Chinese New Year’s Market. This experience allows students to gain entrepreneurial and economic knowledge through bidding, purchasing, logistics, cost and profit calculations, price-setting and running a business. The real life knowledge gained from this experience serves to expand students’ horizons, preparing them for their future studies or careers.
4.5 Learning methods
- Hold proactive and independent learning attitudes.
- Pay attention to current affairs and the news.
- Nurture the ability to understand economic information presented in words, numbers or graphs, and the ability to convey economic concepts through graphs.
- Develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills.
- Conduct simple calculations related to economics.
4.6 Further studies
Economics nurtures students to analyse issues through an economic lens. This helps them study economics, management, finance, law, environmental studies and public administration at higher education levels.
4.7 Career development
Students are able to work in fields such as business, banking, finance, investment, and economic analysis.
Business, Accounting and Financial Studies (BAFS)
BAFS nurtures students interest and skills in business, provides them with practical skills and knowledge, and imparts on them positive values and proactive attitudes, so that students can learn how to recognise needs, conceptualise business ideas, and realise their business ideas to bring economic and social benefits.
Students will be well-prepared in different areas through the promotion of an integrative understanding of basic business concepts, such as business environment, accounting, management, personal financial management. This preparation will help them appropriately manage their own finances and make well-informed decisions in a wide range of business and financial affairs in the future.
This subject includes a core component and an elective component. The core component includes four modules: business environment, management theories, accounting theories, and personal financial management. The core component focuses on basic business knowledge and skills to equip students for further studies or careers. The elective component is a module on business management, including marketing management, human resources management, and financial management.
Through the study of business knowledge, students can not only become members of the business world, but they can also become socially responsible citizens. Using their business knowledge, they can proactively make smart decisions in the ever-changing world.
|Students put theories into practice through running a stall at the Chinese New Year Fair|
* The College reserves the final right to offer programmes and subject courses.


2016-2017 SCHOOL CALENDAR
2017-2018 SCHOOL CALENDAR
AM Kindergarten Hours: 8:40 – 11:34 am
PM Kindergarten Hours: 12:17 – 3:10 pm
|8:15am||Playground Supervision Begins / Buses Arrive|
|3:10pm||End of Classes|
|3:10 - 3:30pm||Study Period (optional)|
Study period runs from 3:10 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. each day for Grades 1 to 9. It is a time when students may do assigned homework or receive extra help. The classroom environment must be conducive to these pursuits. Once a student is in the study room, he/she is obliged to remain there until 3:30 p.m. Students not attending study period leave the school at 3:10 p.m.
A reasonable amount of homework from Kindergarten onwards promotes self-discipline, reinforces concepts covered in the classroom, and serves as preparation for future lessons. We aim to provide 10 to 15 minutes of homework per night in Kindergarten and a further 10 to 15 minutes per night for each successive grade to junior high, when the amount should level off at about 90 minutes per night.


The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, like those before, have lead to the death of many of the young people sent to fight them. These wars, however, are also different from any in the past: Thousands of of severely wounded soldiers are being reached on the edge of death and given new life, thanks to impressive new medical procedures and technologies that range from swift battlefield trauma care to "smart'' artificial limbs to spray-on skin. These miracles and the challenges they create have been probed in the ten-part series on the Huffington Post, Beyond The Battlefield, by David Wood, a veteran military writer.To accompany that series, Chris Spurlock, a Huffington Post designer, has created a series of interactive graphics that illustrate the scope and costs of these injuries. All of these graphics are being assembled on this page as they are published.
Casualties From The Iraq And Afgan Wars
Since the inception of U.S. military missions in Afghanistan and Iraq, more than lives have been lost in battle. The infographic below illustrates the demographic information of those killed in action in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. Hover over the pie charts for details.
Breakdown Of Amputations Per Military Branch
Due to advances in medical technology, the military amputee population is larger than ever before. Instead of meeting death on the battlefield, large numbers of soldiers are returning home to recuperate from traumatizing and life-altering injuries. Below is a graphic illustrating the breakdown of these amputations by military branch.
The Survivability Of Battle InjuriesBattlefields have always been deadly places, but today's technology and medical practices are saving increasing numbers of troops who might have died from their wounds even a decade ago. Below is an infographic detailing the percentages of injury survival in major wars, as well as the number of amputations in those wars.
Projected Cost Of Veterans Health Care
Since 2003, the cost of caring for veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan has risen from $18 million to more than $2.3 billion. Based on current trends, this cost is projected to reach $3.5 billion by 2013. The graphic below displays the growth in the number of insured veterans (on the y-axis), as well as the growth in cost over time (as illustrated by the size of the bubbles).
The Cost Of Military Amputations
For soldiers and Marines who lost limbs fighting for their country, the emotional cost is astronomical and incalculable. But, there are, of course, real financial costs as well. For any man or woman who has lost a limb fighting for his or her country, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs allots a given amount of compensation. The infographic below illustrates how much the wounded are compensated for their losses. Hover over each body part for more information.


; class Aves, order Gruiformes)
A family of small to large, olive-brown or brown birds, which have a long, thin head, and broadly lobed toes. They inhabit the edges of rivers and lakes, feed on insects, molluscs, and small aquatic invertebrates, and nest low in bushes. They swim, dive, and run well, but rarely fly. There are three monotypic genera, found in Central and S. America, Africa, and southern Asia.
Subjects: Zoology and Animal Sciences.


Of the natural methods of childbirth, Lamaze is the most widely-known. Dr. Fernand Lamaze introduced this method in France circa 1951 after observing childbirth techniques used in Russia.
Originally, this method consisted of education classes, relaxation and breathing techniques and emotional support from a birth companion and a trained nurse.
This method spread to the US in the late 1950s in direct result of the book, Thank You Dr. Lamaze, a book written by Marjorie Karmel detailing her birth experience as assisted by Dr. Lamaze. Ms. Karmel went on to partner with Elisabeth Bing in 1960 to form ASPO/Lamaze, which became Lamaze International, a non-profit organization dedicated to teaching the Lamaze method and certifying Lamaze childbirth educators.
Trademarks of the Lamaze method included its breathing techniques. These have been widely depicted and in some cases, misconstrued across the media. Another main tenet of the method was the belief that pain was an integral part of childbirth, but that a woman could learn to be distracted from the pain by focusing her concentration on an object during labor.
Lamaze has undergone the most significant changes since its inception. Lamaze breathing techniques are no longer the trademark of this method as they once were. However, many misconceptions persist. The current training encourages educators to decide what and how they will teach by developing their own curriculum, schedule and materials rather than teaching from a prescribed curriculum as it common in other methods. For this reason, classes and content can vary widely from instructor to instructor, allowing greater flexibility and customization to individual populations.
For more information on the Lamaze method, contact Lamaze International at www.lamaze.org.
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"Latent food allergy" and ways of its revealing.
Allergy treating is becoming a crucial problem and finding effective methods of treating is one of human necessities of life. We live in a world full of allergens and our organism spends enormous powers to fight them. From 60 to 80% of the population of countries with developed economy suffer from latent food allergy this is the statistics of the specialists who work in this field. Latent food allergy is also the reason of excessive weight and an obtrusive companion of many chronic diseases.
We might not mention the connection between what we eat and our diseases and their exacerbation. Moreover, we might sometimes prefer our «antagonistic products», but it is a dubious pleasure for our organism.
But why then dont we think that eating something poisonous is a serious problem for our organisms? And why there are so few specialists who work in the field of latent allergy, at least as compared to number of «traditional» allergologists and immunologists?
New technologies that help to reveal the products that provoke latent food allergy started developing only over the recent years.
Latent food allergy was discovered after the discovery of immune globulins of E IgE class. Immune globulins are molecule-antibodies that can detect corresponding antigens which are alien molecules; they are identified by our immune system as potentially dangerous. Any proteins produced by any pathogenic organism or food proteins can be antigenic. Many diseases can be diagnosed according to the presence of specific (meaning that they are characteristic of the reaction to a particular pathogen) antibodies in blood.
IgE provoke a rough and almost immediate reaction of human organism to various factors of our environment: flower pollen, animal hair, food. This reaction is called «allergy».
There are still some products that provoke diseases, but they are not listed among classical allergens. If you are in a good state of health, then everything you have eaten can be digested and unhealthy substances are removed from your organism. But when you have some health problems, some of the molecules cant be removed. They stay in your organism and cause immune stress and intensive production of immune globulins of E-class. This leads to allergic reactions.
The method of defining specific antibodies in blood can also be used in the tests aimed to reveal latent food allergy. We define the content of IgG4 antibodies to antigens in product extracts. This is the only distinctive characteristic as compared to standard test to detect traditional allergies.
We then create the lists of so-called «prohibited products» according to the results of IgG4 analysis. The products from this list overload your immune system keeping it from fighting with already existing diseases.
If we deliver our immune system from this extra work by removing the problem products from our ration, it will get the possibility to work more effectively and the organism will manage to rehabilitate itself and to treat itself. A person who removes antagonistic products from his rations starts feeling much better.
How do we make the analyses in our Clinic.
We have two methods of making blood analyses in our Clinic:
immune ferment analysis which lets us define the amount of antibodies in blood (immune globulin IgG4, IgE analysis);
by measuring the erythrocyte subsidence speed (ESS).
Your doctor will choose the most suitable method for you.
The ESS blood tests allows to see the general reaction of your blood to a concrete product. The mechanism of testing: our specialists test the usual reaction of erythrocyte subsidence speed, then they test it by adding product extracts (we have more than 240 product extracts). The last test is the so-called controlling test without adding anything. The results are compared. If there are reliable differences between the probe and «control», this reaction is considered to be pathologic and the product goes to your «red list» (not recommended products).
The received results is the help of your own organism. It tell you what is healthful and what is not. The patients gets the results during the consultation with his or her doctor (usually some days after giving your blood analysis).
If the patient lives in a different town of if he or she cant come to the Clinic for some reasons, the analysis results can be faxed or sent by e-mail and you have a consultation with your doctor by phone.
Note that the results of each test are individual and useless to other people, even to close relatives.


Norway is an important supplier of oil and gas to the global market, and almost all oil and gas produced on the Norwegian shelf is exported. Company and government revenues from sales of oil and gas have played a crucial role in creating modern Norwegian society.
All licensees on the Norwegian shelf are responsible for selling the oil and gas they produce. The only exception is Equinor (former Statoil), which in addition is responsible for selling the government share of its oil and gas production (the SDFI share). This responsibility is set out in governmental instructions to Equinor.
Oil is a global commodity that is sold and delivered to most parts of the world. In contrast, there have historically been geographically separate regional gas markets. About 95 % of Norwegian gas is transported via a network of subsea pipelines to other European countries, while about 5 % is exported as liquefied natural gas (LNG). This is transported by ship from the Melkøya facility in Finnmark.
The production (well stream) from different reservoirs contains oil, gas and water in various combinations. To get marketable products, the production from the reservoirs must be separated and treated. The production from different reservoirs varies from oil with low gas content to almost dry gas (methane with only small amounts of other gases).
Crude oil is a fluid that is a combination of different types of hydrocarbons. The composition varies from field to field. The quality of the oil depends on several factors, for example how much and which substances, such as wax and sulphur, it contains. The composition also determines how light or heavy (viscous) the oil is.
Rich gas, or crude natural gas, is a mixture of various gases. When necessary, the gas is separated from the oil before the rich gas is treated in a processing facility that separates the dry and wet gas components. Dry gas is often referred to as natural gas, and consists mainly of methane, but also a little ethane.
Wet gas, or NGL (Natural Gas Liquids), consists of a mixture of heavier gases (ethane, propane, butanes and naphtha). In addition there are heavier condensates which some classify as a separate product. Naphtha and condensate are liquid at room temperature, while the lighter wet gas components can be made liquid either by cooling or by adding pressure.
Not all gas that is produced is sold. Some of the gas is used to generate power on the fields, and small amounts are flared for safety purposes. On some fields, gas is reinjected into the reservoirs. Reinjection is often used to maintain reservoir pressure and displace the oil. This results in efficient recovery of the oil, and the gas is stored for possible recovery in the future.
In addition to the export value of crude oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids (NGL) and condensate, the Norwegian service and supply industry has a high international turnover. You can read more about their exports of goods and services in the article about the service and supply industry.
The total export value of crude oil, natural gas, NGL and condensate in 2017 was about NOK 442 billion (2018 NOK), or approximately half of the total value of Norway’s exports of goods. Oil liquids (crude, NGL and condensate) accounts for more than half.
Export value of Norwegian petroleum, 1971-2017
The numbers are inflated with CPI Norway. 2017 are preliminary numbers.
Source: Statistics Norway, table 08800
Norwegian oil production reached a peak in 2001, when total liquid production, including NGL and condensate, was 3.4 million barrels of oil equivalents a day, and then declined until 2013. However, since 2014 the oil production on the Norwegian shelf has been increasing again. Norway now supplies about 2 % of global oil consumption.
In 2017, Norway exported about 70 million Sm³ (1,2 million barrels per day) of crude oil directly to other countries in Europe, and 19 million Sm³ (0,3 million barrels per day) was delivered to onshore facilities in Norway. Crude oil purchasers are mainly refineries, which process the oil to produce fuel and other oil products.
The tables below show sales of crude, NGL and condensate in 2017, by first delivery point.
Norwegian oil deliveries in 2017, by first delivery point
Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
Sale of NGL and condensate in 2017, by first receiving country
Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate
Oil was the largest energy source in 2016, followed by coal and gas. Oil meets about 33 % of total world energy demand.
What is oil used for?
The transport sector consumes more oil than any other sector. Within this sector, light vehicles account for about 46 % of consumption, heavy vehicles about 32 %, aircraft 11 % and shipping 10 %. The next-largest sector in terms of oil consumption is the petrochemical industry, and manufacturing of plastics is the most important branch of this sector. The petrochemical industry also includes the manufacture of other oil-based products such as paints, cosmetics and textiles and so on. Moreover, oil is used as fuel in other energy-intensive industries such as iron, steel and cement production. The other main use of oil is to generate electricity and heat, and as an input for asphalt.
Which countries produce oil?
The US was the largest oil producer in 2016, followed by Saudi Arabia and Russia. OPEC, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, accounted for about 30 % of global crude oil production in 2016. However, several major oil producers, including Russia and the US, are not OPEC members.
The 15 largest oil producers in 2016
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017
Transport of crude oil
In 2017, about 20 % of Norwegian crude oil production was transported to land by pipeline, and 80 % by tanker.
See article about the pipeline sysetem for more information about oil pipelines on the Norwegian shelf.
Oil is transported from many fields on the Norwegian shelf to the markets using shuttle tankers. These are specialised tankers that take on oil via offshore loading buoys on the oil fields. Oil platforms often have limited storage capacity, and regular calls by shuttle tankers are needed to avoid stoppages because of capacity problems. Shuttle tankers are usually used for relatively short transport distances, and most Norwegian oil is therefore delivered to destinations in north-western Europe.
Larger tankers are used to carry oil that is to be transported further, for example from Norway to Mediterranean countries, Asia or America. They do not carry oil directly from the offshore fields, but from onshore terminals, which are supplied either by shuttle tankers or by pipeline from the oil fields. Pipelines are used to transport oil from the Norwegian shelf to four onshore terminals: Sture, Mongstad and Kårstø in Norway, and Teesside in the UK.
Like oil, gas is one of Norway’s most important export commodities. The value of Norwegian gas exports in 2017, were only marginally lower than the value of Norwegian oil exports. Domestic consumption of gas in Norway is very low, and nearly all the gas produced is exported.
An extensive network of subsea pipelines links Norway’s offshore gas fields and onshore terminals directly to other recipient countries in Europe. The total length of the Norwegian gas pipeline network is about 8 800 kilometres, which is roughly the distance from Oslo to Bangkok. See article about the pipeline system for more information about the gas pipelines on the Norwegian shelf.
In addition, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is shipped out from the Snøhvit field off Hammerfest on LNG carriers. Less than 5% of Norwegian gas exports is LNG.
Liquefied natural gas, or LNG, is produced by cooling and pressurising natural gas to a liquid state. It is transported on dedicated LNG carriers.
The advantage of LNG is that transport does not require pipelines, and it can therefore be sold anywhere in the world. However, conversion to LNG and transport by LNG carrier is considerably more energy-intensive and expensive than pipeline transport.
At present, only gas from the Snøhvit field is converted to LNG on a large scale in Norway. Globally, the supply of LNG is expected to increase rapidly over the coming decades, driven by developments in the United States, amongst others and increasing demand, primarily in Asia.
Norway is the third largest gas exporter in the world and the second largest source of European gas imports. Norwegian gas exports were record-high for the third year in a row in 2017, and Norway exported about 120 billion Sm3 gas, mainly to other countries in Europe. The gross energy content in the total volume of Norwegian sales gas corresponds to about ten times normal Norwegian electricity production
In much of Europe, gas is an important source of energy for heating homes and industrial buildings, gas is used for cooking, as feedstock in industrial processes and is used in gas-fired power plants to generate electricity. Norwegian gas provides about 25 % of the EU's gas demand and makes an important contribution to energy security in Europe.
How is natural gas used and what is driving growth in consumption?
Natural gas meets about 23 % of total world energy demand, and thus, like oil, plays a very important part in meeting global energy needs. Natural gas is used mainly for heating homes and commercial buildings, cooking and power generation and in the petrochemical industry.
Many of the products we use every day, such as cell phones, makeup, sunglasses, computers, medications and fertilizers for agriculture are made with natural gas as a feedstock. Natural gas is transported by pipeline or is cooled and pressurised to produce LNG, which is transported on LNG carriers. Economic growth, the prices of alternative energy sources, weather, temperature, climate change adaptation and mitigation measures are all factors that influence gas demand.
Using gas instead of coal for power generation can yield considerable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Europe and the rest of the world use a lot of coal for power generation. In electricity production, gas emits approximately half as much CO2 as coal. Replacing coal with gas in power generation is a simple, efficient and cheap way to quickly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality. The UK serves as a good example. In 2016, the UK managed to reduce CO2 emissions from power generation by nearly 60% or 25 million tonnes of CO2 because gas replaced coal. In comparison, 25 million tonnes CO2 corresponds to about half of Norway's total CO2 emissions.
Gas is also a good partner for intermittent renewable energy. Unlike hydroelectric power, other renewable energy sources such as sun and wind cannot be stored over time and are as such less flexible. In the absence of effective storage capability of energy, gas can produce power when the sun does not shine and the wind does not blow. As Europe is getting more and more intermittent renewable energy sources, the more Europe will need the kind of flexibility gas can provide in order to balance fluctuations in the energy supply and ensure that consumers have reliable power supply.
Gas exporting countries
Norway is the third largest gas exporter in the world. Several of the world’s largest gas producers export little to other countries. When assessing the global gas market, it is therefore most important to consider which countries have the largest volumes available for export.
Norwegian net gas exports in 2016 compared to other gas exporting countries
Source: IEA Natural Gas Information 2017
Only about one third of the Norway’s estimated gas resources have been produced so far. The production level is expected to remain high for the next 15-20 years. If the most optimistic resource estimates prove to be correct, production figures will be higher than the current forecasts.
Most gas sold on the European market is delivered to gas receiving terminals in Germany, the UK, Belgium and France through the Norwegian gas pipeline network. The total length of the pipeline network is about 8 800 kilometres, which is roughly the distance from Oslo to Bangkok. Norwegian gas accounts for a large portion of the total gas consumption in these four gas receiving countries; however, much of the gass is transported further to other European countries.
Norwegian natural gas exports in 2013-2017 by first delivery point
Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate / Gassco


Developing an e business website of the contrasting organisations and describe what three contrasting organisations use their website for. 1 describe how three contrasting organisations use their websites for business purposes you must describe: 1 the commercial and non-commercial relationships of the businesses 2. Michael sellars 07-28-2016 brian, in the old days, many textbooks presented three purposes: inform, entertain, and persuade this was sort of a taxonomy for student writing. Explain different types of business information, their sources and purposes for at the different types of business describe the different. Why are there different types of information system for designing systems and discussing their types of information system in an organization. The role of different types of information systems in business organizations : different kinds of information systems are developed for different purposes. Social media for business is no longer optional marketers faced the challenge of ensuring their content reached customers in the shortest possible time. Business unit 34, website design strategy p1 p2 p3 (describe how three contrasting organisations use their websites for business purposes) (explain the usability.
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In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a study of the hydrogeology of Huron County, Michigan (Sweat, 1991). In 1993, Huron County and the USGS entered into an agreement to continue collecting water levels at selected wells throughout Huron County. As part of the agreement, the USGS has provided training and instrumentation for County personnel to measure, on a quarterly basis, the depth to water below the land surface in selected wells. The agreement includes the operation of continuous water-level recorders installed on four wells in Bingham, Fairhaven, Grant and Lake Townships (fig. 1). County personnel make quarterly water-level measurements of 22 other wells. Once each year, County personnel are accompanied by USGS personnel who provide a quality assurance/quality control check of all measurements being made.
Additional Publication Details
USGS Numbered Series
Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, January 1995 through December 1995


Stellar Structure and EvolutionResearchers: John Lattanzio, Simon Campbell, Alexander Heger, George Angelou, Carolyn Doherty, Stuart Heap, Thomas Constantino, Richard Stancliffe (Associate), Ross Church (Associate)
Monash is one of the world's leading centres for the study of stellar structure and evolution, and especially nucleosynthesis (see below). Studies concentrate on the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase of evolution, the last phase in the lives of most stars (those with masses between about 0.8 and 10 times that of the Sun). Although a very short phase (perhaps just a few million years) this is one of the most important as these very bright stars dominate the light and energy output of many stellar populations, and their nucleosynthesis is proving essential to understanding the composition of the Galaxy and the Universe.
Recent work has seen us extend our calculations to one of the last unknown areas of stellar evolution, the fate of the Super-AGB stars. These ignite carbon degenerately but do not progress further in the nuclear burning phases. Hence they still experience thermal pulses on the AGB, and their nucleosynthesis may prove to be the missing link in many problems currently under investigation, such as anomalous abundances seen in globular cluster stars.
We have an active collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and work to use their massively parallel 3D stellar hydrodynamics code Djehuty to investigate mixing and other hydrodynamic phenomena in stars. This work has led to the discovery of a mechanism that drives ``deep-mixing'', which was postulated to exist based on observational constraints. We discovered that the burning of 3He after first dredge-up creates a molecular weight inversion which drives mixing, and simultaneously destroys the 3He produced in the star, reconciling another problem with the observed abundance of 3He and the amount predicted from the Big Bang. Work with Djehuty continues, on various applications, including the common envelope phase of binary evolution.
|Bubbles of 4He arise from the burning of 3He in a red-giant, driving mixing between the H-shell and the convective envelope. This work, with Djehuty, provides a mechanism to drive deep-mixing, solving a 30-year-old problem.|
NucleosynthesisResearchers: Maria Lugaro, John Lattanzio, Simon Campbell, Alexander Heger, Joelene Buntain, George Angelou, Carolyn Doherty, Stuart Heap, Richard Stancliffe (Associate), Ross Church (Associate)
Nuclear reactions in stars of masses up to ~10 times the mass of the Sun are modelled using a sophisticated computational tool that uses information on the stellar structure, in particular the temperature, density, and convective motions in stellar interiors, to calculate the efficiency of nuclear reactions at each point mass in a star. The extended nuclear networks, of up to 400 nuclei and a few thousands of nuclear reactions, allow us to make detailed predictions for nuclear abundances of the elements and their isotopes from hydrogen to lead. These abundances are calculated as a function of time, from when the star is born to the time when it sheds most of its material into the interstellar medium and turns into a white dwarf, and compared to observational constraints coming from spectroscopic observations of abundances in the atmospheres of young and old stars and laboratory measurements of meteoritic star dust. These abundances are also needed as inputs in models of galactic chemical evolution and of stellar population synthesis to address problems such as the composition of the Sun, the evolution of stellar clusters and galaxies, and stars in the early Universe. We have close links to stellar spectroscopists as well as those involved in the laboratory study of pre-solar meteorite grains, a new and emerging science for the study of the composition of now extinct stars.
|Schematic structure of an AGB star.|
|Neutron capture by the slow process is studied at Monash.|


How humans see color
When light reflected off an object enters the eye through the pupil it is flipped upside down by a clear lens behind the iris. The light is then projected on to the retina, the part of the eye where vision is generated. The retina contains a lot of vision cells, of two main types – cones and rods. Cone photoreceptors are most important to color vision. The cones distinguish color based on light’s wavelength – for example, as covered earlier in this eBook, a long wavelength is red and a short wavelength is violet. The photoreceptors then convert the wavelengths into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the nervous system, creating color sight as we know it.
Some people are partially or totally color blind and this occurs because one or more color pigments is missing or damaged from the cone or rod vision cells.


Psychedelics (Opium) and Pyschology in Renaissance Florence?? Come learn about the surprising end-of-life medicine practices from Prof. Cynthia Klestinec (Miami University) at her talk on "Dying Well in Renaissance Venice," from 1:30-3:00 p.m., Thursday, March 16 in room YH170. The talk is part of the History Café/café historique is funded by the Albert Tucker Speaker Series. Come meet other History profs and students interested in History!
The sixteenth-century nobleman Alvise Cornaro suggested that a good life would lead to a good death, one that was as quick as it was painless. The reality, however, was much more complicated. Taking up some of those complications, this presentation considers how early modern physicians expanded their role in end-of-life care, expanding the practices of palliative care at a time when death was increasingly medicalized. In Venice, physicians were at the deathbed long before the eighteenth century, when traditional histories of death cite their prominence. They provided palliative care to their patients that diminished physical suffering, (especially the growing importance of opium). However, they also developed palliative measures that addressed the psychological suffering of their patients; this medicine of the mind recovered ancient philosophical notions of the good death and developed a range of consolations for the worldly concerns, fears, and anxieties of patients. Considering this development, this presentation will also focus on the ways that this medicine of the mind, medicina mentis, stood in contrast and in opposition to the medicine of the soul, offered by priests in the form of the sacraments, known also as the cura animarum.
Cynthia Klestinec is a professor of English and coordinator of the medical humanities minor at Miami University. She studies the history of medicine in the Renaissance and is the author of Theaters of Anatomy: Students, Teachers, and Traditions of Dissection in Renaissance Venice (Johns Hopkins, 2011) and Professors, Physicians, and Practices in the History of Medicine (Springer, 2017).


From: International Women’s Day: A statistical perspective on women and men in the EU27
Life expectancy for women in 2008 ranged between 77.0 years in Bulgaria and 84.9 years in France (in 2007), and was higher than for men in all Member States. In 2008, the largest differences in life expectancy between women and men, of around eleven years, were found in Lithuania (77.6 years for women and 66.3 years for men), Estonia (79.5 and 68.7) and Latvia (77.8 and 67.0), and the smallest, of around four years, in the Netherlands (82.5 and 78.4), Sweden (83.3 and 79.2) and the United Kingdom (81.8 and 77.6 in 2007). On average in the EU27 in 2007, life expectancy at birth was 82.2 years for women and 76.1 years for men, a difference of 6.1 years.
In 2009, more than half of women (55%) aged 16 to 74 in the EU27 used the internet in the last three months for sending or receiving e-mails, compared with 60% of men. The highest rates for women were found in Sweden (83%), the Netherlands (82%) and Denmark (80%).
Less than one third of women (30%) in the EU27 used the internet for banking, compared with 35% of men. The largest proportions of women were observed in Finland (72%), the Netherlands and Sweden (both 69%).
In 2009, the internet was used by 15% of both women and men in the EU27 to look for a job or to send a job application. Denmark (27%) had the highest rate for women, followed by Finland (26%), Latvia, Sweden and the United Kingdom (all 23%).


Are You Unwittingly Damaging Your Teeth?
Take a moment to think about the amount of time you spend taking care of your teeth. You brush them, you floss them (at least, you should, ), and you have most likely used a wide range of mouthwashes and other products to freshen breath and protect your teeth. With all of this time invested in making sure that your teeth are as healthy as possible, wouldn’t it be horrible to find out that all of your work is, essentially, worthless? While we hate resorting to scare tactics here at Balboa Victory Dentist Office, occasionally we find them useful when trying to convey a particular message. If you ask the average person about foods and drinks that are bad for teeth, they will most likely focus on candy and soda as some of the worst substances that a person can consume. Although it is true that both candy and soda aren’t exactly great for a person’s teeth, there are many other foods and beverages that can cause damage. In today’s post, we are going to go over some of these foods and beverages in the hope that all of our readers are better informed when it comes to maintaining a healthy mouth.
Sugar Isn’t the Only Thing You Should Avoid
When you get down to the nitty-gritty facts of oral health, plaque is the primary villain. Plaque forms from the bacteria in the mouth and, if left unchecked, can quickly turn into tartar which is orders of magnitude harder to get rid of once it has formed. The root cause of plaque, mouth bacteria, feeds itself off of the food and beverages that you consume. The more foods and beverages you consume that the bacteria can feed off of, the more bacteria you will have in your mouth. To help you stay informed, below we have listed some of the most detrimental foods and beverages in relation to bacterial growth in the mouth.
- Acidic Foods: Although you might think that foods high in acidity would actually help to kill off the bacteria in your mouth, the opposite is actually true. While highly acidic food will not necessarily increase the amount of bacteria in the mouth, they make it easier for the bacteria to damage your teeth. Foods such as lemons, pickles, and apples can strip away the enamel of your teeth, making it much easier for tooth decay and cavities to develop. Additionally. Weakened enamel can lead to sensitivity in the teeth, a problem that most people wish to avoid at all costs. Beverages that are highly acidic, such as coffee, lemonade, soda, and alcohol, may also work to strip the enamel from your teeth, however, they are less likely to do as much damage as they do not cling to the teeth and gums in the same way that foods do. Regardless, you should take extra care to properly rinse your mouth with water after partaking in particularly acidic substances.
- Chewy/Sticky Foods: When it comes to dangerous substances for your teeth, foods that are particularly chewy or sticky are some of the worst. Most people assume that chewy/sticky foods are bad for your teeth because it takes so much force to chew them, leading to issues with the stability of the teeth. In reality, being difficult to chew is not what makes these foods so dangerous; it’s the fact that they get stuck to your teeth. When food gets stuck to your teeth, it creates a mini-buffet for the bacteria in your mouth. They are able to latch onto that food, chow down, and produce massive amounts of acid (the natural byproduct of bacterial digestion). As we mentioned in the previous bullet, acid is bad for your teeth and should be avoided at all costs. If you don’t see giving up sticky or chewy foods anytime soon, we implore you to carry toothpicks or dental floss with you at all times. A quick cleaning after a meal can go a long way in helping to maintain the health of your mouth.
Join us again next time as we continue to cover the worst foods and beverages for your teeth and, as always, if you would like to schedule an appointment with one of our dentists call or visit our website today. We have been Encino’s go-to dentist for years and we are certain that we can help you achieve your oral health goals.


Detecting patient deterioration is more important than ever. Patient deterioration can bring a patient from appearance of normality to code blue in a matter of hours. By detecting patient deterioration earlier, you can identify high-risk patients and prevent conditions such as sepsis. Learn more about patient deterioration in our infographic, Getting Ahead of Patient Deterioration.
This infographic provides recent data and best practices for preventing patient deterioration-related events in hospitals. The insights shared in the infographic will help you gain an understanding of the state of patient deterioration in hospitals, with data-driven strategies for identifying and preventing potentially fatal events in patients.
This infographic will cover the following topics:
Signs of deterioration can be detected 6 to 8 hours before an event or cardiac arrest in some patients.1 Unfortunately, factors like shift changes and lapses in vitals monitoring can cause deterioration to go unnoticed in the hospital.
Identifying and caring for patients who are deteriorating in a timely manner can result in the dramatic reduction of code blue events. Check out our infographic below to reveal important information and data you need to know when it comes to patient deterioration in the hospital.


Origin: INDIA, Nagaland
Material: BRONZE ALLOY
Size: Length: 48 Width: 19.5 Height: 31
Old Bear Hunting in the Nagaland is a diorama depicting Nagaland
hunters hunting a bear and hornbills. One of the tribes in Nagaland is the Angamis people, famous for their hunting expertise. For the Angamis, hunting is more than just an economic activity but plays a more significant part in the religious practices of the tribe.
The hunters, usually males, hunt in group during winter where agricultural yields are rare. Angamis hunter consider bear, tigers and gorals as big animals while hunting slow loris is strictly prohibited. When it comes to the equipment of the hunt, the hunters use traps and snares that are typically made using bamboo, cane, and rope. Today, the Angamis use guns and have stopped hunting traditionally.


What’s known as “digit ratio” measures the difference in length of the second finger (the first one after the thumb) and the fourth finger (second to last before the pinkie).
There is a well described difference between males and females in digit ratio. Men have a lower ratio (the length of the 4th finger is greater than the 2nd finger) than women (both fingers are closer in length). This difference is fixed during development in the womb and remains relatively stable across the lifespan.
It’s been suggested that the length of the fourth finger is a sign of greater testosterone exposure in the womb. Elite athletes in a wide range of sports are likely to have longer fourth fingers. New research has now added strength to the list of characteristics long-fourth-fingered people. In teenage boys, irrespective of age or body size, those with longer fourth fingers (relative to their second finger) were stronger.
So, next time you’re struggling to lift weights, take a long look – it may be written in your fingers.
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It is found in a very small area of the Siskiyou Mountains in northern Siskiyou county, California, hence their name, and in the Applegate River drainage in southern Oregon.
It is found in elevations of 488- 1078 meters and is highly associated with rocky or arid forested areas, especially in older forests. They are seen to largely populate heavily wooded north-facing slopes with rocky talus. It prefers to live in damp environments on land and will move about on the ground when the humidity of the environment is favorably high. They become active mostly on wet and rainy night and will usually not be seen in the dry summer and or freezing winter. It moves about a 7.5 square meter area and is thought to be sedentary. Its reproduction is terrestrial and its female will likely deposit eggs in rocky substrates in clutches with egg ranges of 2- 18. It feeds on small invertebrates, including spiders, mites and moths, catching them by lying in hiding then quickly grabbing them by surprise.
This salamander has no lungs and so breathes from its moist skin and tissues that line its mouth. It also has a naso-labial groove which is a vertical slit between its nostrils and upper lip. It is a slender animal with short slightly webbed toes on short legs. An adult measure 60mm- 75mm in total length (including the tail), and 110mm- 140mm from snout to vent. Its color is generally light brown to purplish brown on the dorsum with prominent white or yellow speckling all over its body and intense on its lateral sides and on the limbs. Its belly is grayish purple with light flecks. It may or may not show a faint light brown stripe.
Learn more with Schechter Natural History's Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians


Are we alone in this universe? That’s a question that’s been asked for decades by scientists. And the manager of the Kepler Space Telescope Project, Roger Hunter will try to answer that question as he leads NASA’s first mission to search our galaxy for Earth-size planets orbiting in habitable zones of their stars.
“We are trying to help answer some of the most fundamental questions the human race has pondered for generations,” said Hunter. “Are we alone? What is our place in the universe? Is there another Earth? If so, how many are there?”
Launched on March 6, 2009, the Kepler Space Telescope, named after astronomer Johannes Kepler who developed the laws of planetary motion, is the largest telescope launched into deep space beyond Earth’s orbit.
“Kepler is the best little planet finder ever made,” said Hunter.


A Publication of Churches Under Christ Ministry
X. Alliance Between the Episcopalians and the Presbyterians; Bill for Provisions for Teachers of Christian Religion; Madison’s Opposition to the Bill and His Famous Memorial and Remonstrance
Copyright © March 3, 2018
After the Revolution, numerous petitions and memorials were presented to the House of Delegates in 1784 and 1785 by the above-mentioned denominations in support of their positions. The Episcopalians sought to recover lost ground. “In the late spring of 1784, a resolution was introduced in the Virginia Assembly seeking official recognition for the Episcopal Church. The resolution was debated for two days, with notable opposition from Baptists and Presbyterians.” Madison, in a letter to Thomas Jefferson dated July 3, 1784, wrote concerning this resolution:
- “The Episcopal clergy introduced a notable project for re-establishing their independence of laity. The foundation of it was that the whole body should be legally incorporated, invested with the present property of the Church, made capable of acquiring indefinitely—empowered to make canons and by-laws not contrary to the laws of the land, and incumbents when once chosen by vestries, to be immovable otherwise than by sentence of the Convocation.”
The Baptists continued their uncompromising stand against any vestige of union of church and state. They gave their reasons for their position against a general assessment:
- “First, it was contrary to their principles and avowed sentiments, the making provision for the support of religion by law; that the distinction between civil and ecclesiastical governments ought to be kept up without blending them together; that Christ Jesus hath given laws for the government of his kingdom and direction of his subjects, and gave instruction concerning collections for the various purposes of religion, and therefore needs not legislative interference.
- “Secondly, should a legislative body undertake to pass laws for the government of the church, for them to say what doctrines shall be believed, in what mode worship shall be performed, and what the sum collected shall be, what a dreadful precedent it would establish; for when such a right is claimed by a legislature, and given up by the people, by the same rule that they decide in one instance they may in every instance. Religion is like the press; if government limits the press, and says this shall be printed and that shall not, in the event it will destroy the freedom of the press; so when legislatures undertake to pass laws about religion, religion loses its form, and Christianity is reduced to a system of worldly policy.
- “Thirdly, it has been believed by us that that Almighty Power that instituted religion will support his own cause; that in the course of divine Providence events will be overruled, and the influence of grace on the hearts of the Lord’s people will incline them to afford and contribute what is necessary for the support of religion, and therefore there is no need for compulsory measures.
- “Fourthly, it would give an opportunity to the party that were numerous (and, of course, possessed the ruling power) to use their influence and exercise their art and cunning, and multiply signers to their own favorite party. And last, the most deserving, the faithful preacher, who in a pointed manner reproved sin and bore testimony against every species of vice and dissipation, would in all possibility, have been profited very little by such a law, while men-pleasers, the gay and the fashionable, who can wink at sin and daub his hearers with untempered mortar, saying, ‘Peace, peace,’ when there is no peace, who can lay out his oratory in dealing out smooth things mingled with deception, the wicked, it is clear, would like to have it so; and it follows the irreligious and carnal part of the people would richly reward them for their flattery, and the undeserving go off with the gain.”
The Presbyterians took “a sort of middle ground, which caused confusion in their own ranks and compromised them in the estimation of others.” It appears that the Presbyterian clergy advocated a plan of general assessment supporting all denominations who believed in union of church and state, but not those who believed in religious liberty and absolute freedom of conscience. James Madison commented on the position of the Presbyterians:
- “The laity of the other sects (other than Episcopalian) are generally unanimous [against the general assessment]. So are all the clergy, except the Presbyterian, who seem as ready to set up an establishment which is to take them in as they were to pull down that which shut them out. I do not know a more shameful contrast than might be found between their memorials on the latter and former occasions. Rives, I., 630.” [Quoting a letter to James Monroe, April 12, 1775]
 Charles F. James, Documentary History of the Struggle for Religious Liberty in Virginia (Harrisonburg, VA.: Sprinkle Publications, 2007; First Published Lynchburg, VA.: J. P. Bell Company, 1900), pp. 122-133.
 Norman Cousins, In God We Trust (Kingsport, Tennessee: Kingsport Press, Inc., 1958), p. 301.
 Ibid., p. 302; Brenner, pp. 60-61.
 James, pp. 132-133, citing William Fristoe, “History of the Ketocton Association.”
 Ibid., p. 130; Cousins, p. 306.


Currently there are 16,740 owners or members of Guernsey-Muskingum Electric Cooperative Inc.
Since 1938, the Cooperative has provided electricity to the rural areas of Guernsey, Muskingum, southern Tuscarawas, northern Morgan and small portions of five other counties.
Member-owners have the right and responsibility to attend the annual meeting in March or April to be educated about its activities and to elect board members who oversee the business.
In the 1930s electricity was common ... as long as one lived in the city. The countryside was still in the dark. Investor-owned power companies were willing to provide the needed amenities of the period for city dwellers.
Out in the farmlands the farmer could not use an electric water pump. The cows had to be milked by hand. He or she didn't have an electric feed grinder and had to stick hundreds of ears of corn into a grinder and crank it by hand for hours in order to provide feed for the mules and horses.
The farmer had to stumble through the barn by kerosene lamp light if he had to work after sunset. In the home, washing, ironing, cooking, canning and shearing all had to be done by hand. Wood or coal stoves heated homes, water and food.
In the city, labor saving devices were greatly improving the quality of life. Because there was no electric service for those living in rural areas, electricity was becoming the great divider between the city and the country. One part of the nation lived in light, the other in darkness. One class was enlightened, the other class was backward.
The farmers wanted electricity. However, power companies said serving rural areas would be too costly because the houses were too far apart and farmers would not use much electricity. Farmers would have to stay in the dark because there was no profit to be made in serving them.
Under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Rural Electrification Administration was formed in 1935 to administer a program to encourage rural electrification by lending low-interest money to any group or company that would undertake the task.
Even with the offer of low-interest financing, almost all of the private electric companies chose not to get involved. Instead, the farmers decided to form the cooperatives to do the job themselves. On April 4, 1938, a group of Rural Electrification Association Committeemen from Muskingum, Guernsey, Tuscarawas, Morgan and Noble counties met in New Concord. The group voted to incorporate. The name of the association was Guernsey-Muskingum Electric Cooperative Inc.
Construction began on April 15, 1939, and the first few miles of lines were energized to provide electric service to a handful of consumer-owners. Today the Cooperative owns and maintains 13 sub-stations and over 2,800 miles of poles and wire. One of the Cooperative principals is community involvement, providing scholarships, safety demonstrations and various tasks for local communities.
Last year Guernsey-Muskingum undertook a significant renovation of their one office building in New Concord, after it was discovered that the trusses, built in 1962, were failing. A new metal roof was installed. The 1960's single-pane windows, lights, heating and cooling and insulation were updated. A security system was added to prepare the building for another generation of providing safe, reliable electricity to the fine members of Southeast Ohio.
2012 saw the retirement of General Manager Garry Mbiad, who had been the CEO for 18 years. The member-elected board found his replacement in controller Jerry Kackley. Mr. Kackley was hired in 1992 as the cooperatives accountant.
Business hours are 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday and 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday, drive-up window only.
For information, call 826-7661 or check out the website at www.gmenergy.com.


Eye Diseases That Cause Blindness
There are several eye diseases that are common, and some are very serious. The serious eye conditions can eventually lead to blindness if neglected.
Some of the most common eye diseases are related to aging, and they usually tend to show up in old age only.Myopia means nearsightedness. A person suffering from this condition cannot see objects that are too far clearly. He or she may need glasses to look or read distant things properly. The eyeballs may be too large and that is why they are not able to focus on the object clearly. Eye glasses and contact lens usually correct the problem. However, neglecting the condition makes it worse, and eventually leads to partial blindness.
Hyperopia is farsightedness and people suffering this condition cannot see or read from near. Eye glasses or contact lens are used for the treatment. However, treatment is must against all odds.
Astigmatism is one of the most common eye problems to affect young, adults and the old. People see completely blurred images and also irregularly shaped ones. Astigmatism can be corrected through using special glasses or surgery. If left untreated, it can cause blindness.
Cataract is one of the common age related problems that can lead to blindness very quickly. Cataract is a condition in which the lens of the eyes becomes murky. It can be corrected through surgery and lens replacement.
Diabetic retinopathy is related to diabetes, and can cause blindness even in middle aged people. The only way to keep the condition under check is by keeping the diabetes under check.
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Revenue is the money that a business generates by selling its products and services. A company's profit is equal to its total revenue minus its total costs, so generating revenue is an essential part of running a successful company. "Average revenue" and "marginal revenue" are common terms used in finance and economics. They describe different facets of a firm's revenue.
Average revenue describes the average amount of revenue a firm makes on each unit of a good it sells. For example, if a firm makes 100 T-shirts and sells each one for $10, its average revenue is $10 because each unit of output resulted in $10 of revenue. Average revenue can be calculated by dividing total revenue by the quantity of units sold. Average revenue is also equal to the price level.
Marginal revenue describes the change in total revenue that occurs when a firm produces one extra unit of output. For instance, if a firm produces $100 T-shirts and sells them at a price of $10 each, its total revenue is $1,000. If the firm increases its production to 101 T-shirts, it may have to reduce the price of shirts to entice an extra buyer to purchase the additional unit of output. If the firm drops its price to $9.99 per shirt, its total revenue after selling 101 shirts is $1.008.99. The marginal revenue is $8.99 in this case, because total revenue increased by $8.99 due to producing an extra shirt, while the average revenue changed from $10 to $9.99.
Marginal Cost and Maximizing Profit
Marginal cost is the cost of producing one additional unit of output. In a competitive market, a firm can maximize profit by producing a quantity of goods that makes marginal revenue equal to marginal cost. For example, if a T-shirt company can produce shirts for $5 each, it should continue producing shirts until its marginal revenue equals $5.
As a firm produces more units of a good and reduces its prices to entice buyers to purchase additional units, average revenue decreases because average revenue is equal to the price level. If a firm keeps its prices fixed and is able to sell an additional unit of output without reducing its price, marginal revenue equals average revenue.


Microscope photography is very different yet pretty similar art just like normal photography. A good photographer in microscope photography or general photography must be able to present the small details to the observer. These tiny details should be able to tell a story to the observer or the purpose of the photo taken in both the cases.
Micrography is not an easy art to excel but it has a great value in the world of science. It helps the general people to delve or explore the unseen world. It requires a special set of skills to create good photographs using a microscope. The art of micrography has been in practice for many decades. In fact, micrography particularly began in the year of 1970s. The modern world does not view microscope as only a scientific instrument but as a doorway to the new field of art. Vacker Africa provides Measuring Instruments such as Microscope photography in major countries of Africa such as Rwanda, South Africa, Chad, Kenya, Djibouti, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, etc.
Creating a Micrograph
Generally a photographer uses a digital camera and an optical microscope which are simply connected with each other to create a micrograph. With the help of a microscope and the camera, the photographer is able to capture the highly magnified image of a very tiny subject. The art of micrography is not only limited to the knowledge of how to connect camera and microscope. The photographer must have the knowledge of techniques styles and the dynamics of the camera.
What are the important gears required for Micrography?
Vacker Africa provides microscopes in various countries of Africa such as Zimbabwe, Chad, Nigeria, Tanzania, South Africa, etc. Below listed are the important components required for Microscope photography:
- An optical microscope
- Macro lens
- Digital camera / microscope camera
- Extension tubes
- Fiber optic lens
- Clean microscope slides
- Cotton buds or tiny stick with cotton tips
- Piece of cloth for the background
After getting all the gears it is also very important to choose an appropriate subject to proceed further. The subject of photography can be anything as the microscopic world is a mysterious world and even the simplest of the subject can create interesting photos. The subject can be some fungus developed in the room or dirt particles on the floor. It is important the photographer take some time to think about the subject matter before he or she chooses the subject. The photographer should not restrict his too small criteria but should allow his mind to open up to new possibilities. He or she should be able to think out of the box for the sake of the art.
The photographer should also be able to handle the focus of the microscope because magnifying the tiny subject with good resolution is an important part of Micrography. Many users narrow the lens of their camera to adjust the focus of the camera. It is through practice the photographer can gain proper control of the controls of both microscope and camera.
Vacker Africa has a huge line of various models of microscope camera for the people in Africa. While a digital camera is good for artistic micrography, microscope camera is appropriate for science and research application. Our microscope camera is designed with high light sensitivity and possess various features that are effective for micrography.


For the last two years, in two separate locations, a study has been conducted to determine how early soybeans can be planted in Ohio. In the past, studies have looked at early planting at the end of April or early May. Dr. Laura Lindsey, OSU Extension State Small Grains and Soybean Specialist, is looking at an earlier planting date than the past, and also the interaction between very early planting and the presence of cover crops. “The past two years we were able to plant soybeans for this project in Wayne County during the first week of April, and last year in Clark County we were able to plant the soybeans on March 30th,” said Lindsey. “We really wanted to see how early we can plant soybeans. Almost every agronomist will tell you that it is important to plant soybeans early.”The other aspect of this research project is the interaction of planting early, and cover crops being in the rotation ahead of the soybeans.
“In Wayne County there was an interaction in the very early planting (first week of April) with the cover crops," Lindsey says. "In the early planting with no cover crops, there was a lower than desired stand of about 80,000 plants per acre. In the early planting with a rye cover crop, the stand was even lower at around 20,000 plants per acre. There was a negative interaction with the very early planting date and cover crop. When the soybeans were planted at a more normal planting date, the presence or absence of a cover crop had no influence on the stand. For the very early planting date, especially with the cover crop, we observed a reduction in stand, and also in the final yield by 20-30 bushels per acre.”
There are multiple possibilities as to why the negative interaction between the cover crop and soybean stand occurred in the very early planting.“Asking why the negative interaction occurred is a really good question, and one we want to do more research into,” Lindsey says. “When looking at the reduced stand with the very early planting date and cover crops present in Wayne County, there seemed to be more than one problem. There was slug damage and some bean leaf beetle feeding. The cover crop seemed to keep the soil a little cooler and wetter and there were some diseases observed in the crop. There was also some frost damage where the cover crop seemed to trap some of the cold air compared to the bare soil. It did not seem to be just one thing, but multiple. It opens the door for more research to pinpoint what was happening in the interaction between the cover crops and early planting stand.”Dr. Lindsey pointed out that the negative interaction was only observed at the very early planting date (end of March, first of April). There was not a negative interaction between the cover crops and soybean stand with the more normal planting dates. Research will continue into some aspects of this project.
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