tibetan. Sakya Senge Sanskrit. Siddharta Gautama
The Historical Buddha
The Buddha Shakyamuni is the historical Buddha, founder of the Buddhist philosophy and often referred to as “the Buddha”. He is believed to have lived in around 420 BC and to have spent most of his life spreading the teachings of Dharma, in the Buddhist religion each "kalpa" (a Buddhist eon) is said to have its own Buddha, whose teachings slowly are forgotten before the next Buddha arrives. His life is detailled in the Thangka called the Life of Buddha.
For many, Shakyamuni Buddha, is considered to be a model, a guide and an inspiration. It is said that his presence on earth is ensured by the “dharma” or spiritual belief and by the “sanga” or Buddhist community. Together they form what is referred to as the 3 jewels of Buddhism (Buddha, Dharma and Sanga).
There are hundreds of reproductions of these motifs all over the world. Yet, almost every single representation will have a certain number of identical traits. These are what allow us to recognize the different Buddhas and the qualities that they posses.
Painted in shades of gold or beige and wearing monastic robes, he is seated atop a lotus throne on which are symbolically placed the sun and moon.
His lotus seat symbolizes the act of living in this world without being soiled by its imperfections. The sun represents “prajna” or wisdom. The moon represents “upaya” or the willful means of compassion.
The left hand is in the dhyani or meditation mudra. Whilst the right hand is in the Bhumisparsa mudra translated in english to “taking the earth as a witness” which refers to a particular episode of the Buddha’s Life a thangka detailing his life story.
He is often painted with his two disciples, Sariputra famous for his wisdom and Maudgalyayana for his miraculous feats. Both disciples are believed to have been Brahmins who studied the Vedas before being initiated into Buddhism.


Term Paper-The methods and approaches public health professionals used to contribute in responding to the natural disaster.
Public health responses to disasters very often result in lifesaving interventions. The success of an intervention is influenced by many factors including financial, political, and geographic limitations. Hurricane Katrina in 2005 was one of the most powerful hurricanes to ever hit the United States and was a severe drain on resources. Another natural disaster, the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, tested public health professionals’ resolve. The aftermath was still felt as a cholera outbreak consumed the country in 2011. Choose one of the two natural disasters and write a research paper focusing on the following:
Describe the immediate and continuing response of the public health sector to the disaster. 28
Describe the methods and approaches public health professionals used to contribute in responding to the natural disaster.


Attracting Dragonflies to Your Yard
"Attracting Aerial Acrobats to Your Yard" by Cynthia Berger (National Wildlife, April/May 2002):
When her kids went off to college, Kathy Biggs got rid of her backyard swimming pool. But her Sebastopol, California yard still buzzes with activity on warm summer afternoons, because Kathy replaced the pool with a dragonfly pond. Now, instead of kids cannonballing off the deck, she watches cardinal meadowhawks diving after mates and emerald spreadwings basking in the sun.
Dragonflies and damselflies belong to the insect order Odonata, and most members of this group rely on water throughout their life cycle. The juveniles, or nymphs, live underwater for months and sometimes years before emerging as adults; the adults tend to hunt for insects over water and lay their eggs in water or on adjacent vegetation. Under the right conditions, even a small pond will attract some of these aerial acrobats to your yard.
If you enjoy bird-watching, you'll probably love watching dragonflies. Their bodies tend to be larger, with broader wings, than those of damselflies, whose wings taper at the base. Spring is a good time to begin the process of enticing the creatures to your yard.
Like birds, dragonflies are reasonably easy to identify by their field marks. Close-focus binoculars will help you get a better look. And like birds, male dragonflies are usually territorial and defend their turf aggressively. (No wonder they were a favorite emblem among seventeenth-century Japanese warriors, who called them "invincible insects.") Dragonflies resemble red-winged blackbirds or flycatchers in the way they claim an elevated perch on a stem of marsh grass, then sally out to chase away other males or make a mid-air capture of a mosquito.
During certain times of year, you'll also see what Arizona State University researcher John Alcock calls "the most striking and entertaining dragonfly behavior": mating in midair. Watch for two dragonflies in the "wheel" position, which means they're in the process of mating, or for damselflies flying tandem, like a car pulling a trailer (the strategy enables males to guard their mates during egg-laying).
"Before digging a pond to attract dragonflies, consider whether you live within a few miles of an established population," says Michael May, a Rutgers University entomologist who is president of the Dragonfly Society of the Americas. "You'll get faster results if you do."
Unless you live in the arid Southwest, your yard may be reasonably close enough to a stream, pond or wetland with a "source" population. Dragonflies are strong flyers, though most individuals stay around their natal pond or stream. "But a certain number 'float' through the landscape," says May. That often means, if you build it, they will come.
The next consideration is size. "My pond is about 20 feet in diameter," says Biggs. That's approximately the size recommended by the British Dragonfly Society. (The British have dragonfly clubs the way Americans have birding clubs.) Many garden stores now sell stiff, pre-shaped plastic ponds, as well as flexible PVC or butyl rubber liners that will conform to the shape of a pond you design yourself. If you use a flexible liner, a layer of newspapers or old carpet under the plastic prevents punctures.
You don't necessarily need a large pond to attract dragonflies. "I've got friends whose 'pond' is a wooden half barrel," says Biggs, "and fork-tailed damselflies still come and breed in it. One of my grad students reared damselflies in plastic wading pools." Whatever the size, place your pond where it will be protected from wind and will get midday sun.
The ideal dragonfly pond should vary in depth, shallow at the edges and at least two feet deep in the center. "Deep water offers nymphs a refuge from raccoons and other predators," says Craig Tufts, chief naturalist for NWF, who helped oversee the construction of the pond that is the centerpiece of the natural garden in front of NWF's headquarters in Reston, Virginia. "Varied depths are also important to accommodate a variety of water plants." It's not that the nymphs or adults eat the plants. Dragonflies are voracious carnivores. Rather, underwater plants provide important habitat for the nymphs, which need places to rest, hunt for food and hide from predatory fish. And emergent vegetation-sedges, rushes and other plants that stick up above the water's surface-provides perching places for adults.
Such vegetation is also critical for dragonflies because the nymphs crawl up it when they emerge, making the transformation from water dweller to their free-flying adult form. And though dragonflies don't rely on specific host plants to nourish their young the way butterflies do, some species do use water plants as nurseries. They insert their eggs into the soft stems. What you plant around the pond is almost as important as what you plant in it. Don't mow the border-let the grasses and rushes grow. "Make sure you have some shrubs within a few feet of the water," says May. "That will provide more perching sites." In many areas, buttonbush and seedbox are good choices for your pond's edge.
Don't disturb wild habitat to stock your pond with plants. Many garden shops and catalog suppliers now sell all kinds of plants for water gardens. Look for species native to your area. One last design detail: Put a few flat rocks near the pond's edge. "Dragonflies like to warm up by basking in the sun," says May. "Some species are attracted to light-colored rocks." It can take a while for pond plants to get established. While you're waiting for your emergent vegetation to grow above the surface of the water, Tufts recommends putting a few perching sticks in the middle of your pond. Ordinary bamboo stakes-the kind you use to stake tomato plants-will do the job.
If you want breeding populations of dragonflies in your pond, it's probably best not to introduce fish, because they will prey on the nymphs and eggs.
Although experts say that about 15 percent of North America's 307 dragonfly species are in danger of extinction, the dragonflies at greatest risk for extinction are the stream dwellers, species that won't be attracted to your backyard pond. "You can help protect their habitats by supporting laws and practices that reduce water pollution and protect riparian areas," says Tufts. "You'll be helping a lot of other creatures in the process.


Karen W Gurney
Transsexualism was long regarded by the medical profession as a mental disorder. Historically, denial, aversion therapies, hormone ‘reinforcement’ and even electroconvulsive shock treatments were the lot of those compelled to articulate their overwhelming need to identify as members of the gender opposite that assigned to them at birth. We now know and understand that, just as the gonads, genitals and chromosomes are differentiated as to gender, so too is the brain. While the relationship between brain morphology and ‘gender identity’ is yet to be finally proven beyond scientific doubt, the extent of empirical and anecdotal evidence supporting it continues to grow such that the factors to be considered when determining the legal gender of a person now include the person’s self perception and any biological features of the person’s brain that are associated with a particular gender.1
‘The human mind treats a new idea the same
way the body treats a strange protein; it rejects it’.
P B Medawar (1915–1987)
Download the PDF for the full article.


Under both state and federal laws, employers cannot discriminate against, treat differently, terminate an employee because of the employee’s age, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, religion or disability.
These laws also protect employees from being retaliated against because they have engaged in legally protected activities such as complaining about or opposing illegal discrimination by their employer.
One example could be a situation where an employee being harassed at work because of his or her race. The employee could complain about the harassment and instead of taking corrective action, the employer may fail retaliate against the employee and make his or her job more difficult or terminate the employee.
In this example, the employee could claim that he or she was subjected to illegal discrimination and that the employee was subjected to illegal retaliation because the employee complained about the discrimination.
In some instances, the law requires some affirmative steps to be taken by an employer. For example, if an employee has a disability as defined by the Iowa Civil Rights Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act, the employer has a duty to have an interactive process with the employee to determine whether reasonable accommodations can be made that will allow the employee do their job.
These laws are complex and in place to protect employees. If you believe that you may have a discrimination or retaliation claim, it may be important to you to seek the assistance of a lawyer who practices in the areas of employment, civil rights or discrimination law.


Dementia: Preventing social isolation
By Alzheimer's Auckland
Living with dementia can often be isolating.
Over time, the ability of a person with dementia to communicate may become worse and interactions that once seemed to come so easily may be more difficult, which can be frustrating for everyone involved.
It can be harder to find activities that everyone can enjoy and do at the same pace.
Often this is necessary for a person living with dementia – they need someone to help them along or sit with them.
This can mean maintaining social bonds but also creating new ones which can be tricky and often they’ll come less naturally.
As a carer or family member living with someone with dementia, it doesn’t have to mean the end of being active and having fun.
This is still incredibly important but it’s more about trying to find the right activities to take part in and share.
Getting the right support can help make it all a bit easier too.
Keeping somebody with dementia active is valuable to their personal and emotional wellbeing.
In some cases, it can even help slow down the progression of the disease.
Here are a few tips to consider when planning activities with your friend or family member:
Consider the setting
Try to avoid big crowds or places with constant movement and lots of noise.
These can make people with dementia feel nervous, unsure, and even upset.
Make sure there is a good balance between calm and stimulation.
This way they can actually engage and won’t feel bored or want to give up.
Think about the person’s interests
Perhaps there was a special activity they liked doing - art, music or walking.
Engaging in things they used to like doing can bring joy to people living with dementia.
It can help them feel happy doing something familiar. Who knows, it may even bring back a memory or two!
If they love reading, writing or crafts, try tying those into your plans.
Take books to the park to read or join an art class with other people their age.
Make them feel useful
Activities that reinforce past roles and achieve something physically can have a positive impact.
Think about tasks such as hanging out or folding the washing.
These kinds of activities can help people feel a sense of achievement and encourage family bonds.
No need to rush
Take your time; the end goal doesn’t always have to be completing the activity or finishing something.
It can be the simple enjoyment of the in-between that matters just as much.
Putting pressure on can make people feel unsure and stop them from wanting to try things.
Overstimulation can have the same effect – take it slow and try to find a good balance.
Still the same person
Always remember, everyone living with dementia is still the same person you once knew despite the changes in their memory and behaviour.
Actively finding activities that they relate to can help make every day more fulfilling and enjoyable, whether it’s obvious at first or not.
If you’re struggling to come up with fresh ideas for activities and fun, look to your community.
There are plenty of organisations offering free services to help those living with dementia.
Amongst them is Alzheimers Auckland, a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to providing dementia support and socialisation services to help people with dementia live well.
Hundreds of people a year make use of their services, which are free, run in a variety of locations and available to anyone living with dementia.
Weekly activity groups help people living with dementia remain engaged in meaningful social activities.
These include walking groups, art-making, coffee meet-ups, Zumba and men’s fitness groups.
Carers and family members are also welcome to attend, whether as a support person or as an activity couples and family members can enjoy together.
Quality of life is dependent on interaction and relationships with others, as well as feeling a part of a community.
While everything may be a little confusing inside, with the right opportunities to get involved and socialise, people living with dementia can continue to make the most of each moment.


On May 22, 1934, when the massacre of the Jewish community in Hebron in 1929 was still fresh in memory, the Hebrew daily newspaper Haaretz reminded its readers that pogroms took place in the land of Israel before 1920. The author, Eliezer Rivlin, chose as an example the event known as “The Great Looting of Safed,” which took place 100 years earlier. It began at June 15, 1834. The day was 8 Sivan on the Hebrew calendar. Translating this story was not simple, because of the biblical Hebrew of the author and the brutalities described. A choice had to be made between maintaining the style of the original and keeping the English understandable. I believe I was able to do so, but the English will appear odd, just as the Hebrew will be to a present-day Israeli.
The Great Plunder of Safed/ Eliezer Rivlin, Jerusalem
What has been said repeatedly in journals and books-- that until 1920 there were no pogroms against the Jews of the land of Israel -- is a mistake. For there have been such as these decades and centuries ago, even before the English conquered the land. The Jews have called it “looting” or “plunder” (in Arabic “nahib”).
In the chronicles of the Jewish community, the “plunder” and the earthquake of 1837 are the most shocking events.
The earthquake and the plunder were always a matter of conversation for the old men and women of the land of Israel, and they told it many times to their children and grandchildren.
The plunder erupted in Safed along with the revolt of the Arabs of the land of Israel against Muhammad Ali, the governor of Egypt, who took the land from the Turks and the government of Kushta (Istanbul) in 1834. He imposed mandatory military duty on all Muslim inhabitants of the land of Israel. This was something that they were fiercely against.
The first to call for a revolt were the people of Nablus, by the command of their minister Kassam Lakhama. They were joined by fellahin from the nearby villages, and rose upon Jerusalem to conquer it and take it out of the hands of the governor of Egypt.
On 22 Iyyar, (May 31), the rebels occupied Jerusalem and took control of the city. The fear among the Jews was great, for, according to Arab tradition, plunder is allowed during rebellion. And those breaking in already began looting and plundering. But to their rescue came the head of the rebels, who declared in the streets of Jerusalem that, “the Arabs, the Jews and the Christians are brothers and the one who touches any of them shall be put to death.“ This severe command was helpful in saving the lives and properties of the Jews and Christians in the Jerusalem. And after a week, on 28 Iyyar (June 3), came Ibrahim Pasha, the general of Muhammad Ali, to Jerusalem, and a large force with him, and the rebels fled the city.
Very bad was the fate of Safed, which had the largest Hebrew community in the land. All other communities in the land, including the one in Jerusalem, were its subordinates. (There were about 2,000 Jews then in Safed.)
The governor of the city of Safed aided the rebels, and the Jews of Safed bore the brunt of the guilt of Muhammad Ali and his government. The Jews became the target for rebels from within the city of Safed and from the surrounding villages and towns.
The rebellion in Safed was declared on 8 of Sivan (June 15, 1834). From all the nearby towns and villages Arabs and Bedouins came to the city drunk from revolt and began delivering havoc on the Jews. With large and small shields, lances and rifles, the first thing they did was to attack the Jews. They stripped the clothing from men and women, tore pillows and featherbeds, and spread the feathers around, tore Bible books, raped a man and a woman, destroyed houses and synagogues, and murdered many people from Israel.
“Gentiles came to the domain of the Lord, in the little holiness of our temples and synagogues, and defiled the chamber of our holiness and threw all our cherished books of the Torah to the ground. They tortured righteous women upon them, and all holiness of our homes, phylacteries (tefilin) and doorpost (mezuzah) looted and plundered and thrown. And they took from the Bible books to make straps for their horses and shoes for their feet… they destroyed our homes, beating the Jews blows of death and loss. And many of them became blind and invalids, and from among them, several souls died strange deaths.”
Many of the Jews fled immediately to the near and the faraway fields and mountains, outside the city, many among them naked and barefoot. Others ran to the synagogues to die a holy death there. “In the house of learning (beit midrash) of the Pharisees many gathered with their Rabbi, Rabbi Israel, author of Pe’at Shulhan –- and among them many were already wounded and injured – and they where blowing in the shofar.” And many found cover in neighbors’ yards, with Arab acquaintances and in basements.
The eruption of the rebellion came suddenly and caused much panic. Home dwellers fled in many directions, the husband ran to the field outside the city, the infant stayed lying in the cradle, and the mother in her hideout -– and the cries of the miserable -– oi father! Oi my son – tore the heavens.
At the head of the community of Safed stood then the Rabbis: the gaon (wise man) Rabbi Israel of Shklov, author of “Takalin Haditin” and “Pe’at Shulhan, student of the Vilna Gaon (Ha’gaon Rabbi Eliyahu), head of the school of Pharisees, the gaon Rabbi Margalit of Skalit, and the gaon Avraham Ba’ar from Ovruch, heads of the Hassidic schools. These three eyes of the community stood at the head of the defense and rescue of the Jews of Safed, even in time of peril, and every one of them helped his community and surroundings with great devotion.
Rabbi Gershon Margalit used the school money to bribe the qadi of Safed (chief of the religious judges) and they gathered at the qadi’s court, the rabbi and about a thousand of his parishioners.
Rabbi Avraham Ba’ar from Ovruch and with him several hundreds of his people fled immediately to the top of one of the mountains and entered a large ruin with iron gates and two wells.
Rabbi Israel of Shklov entered first with hundreds of his men from the Pharisees to the house of learning (Beit Hamidrash) of the Pharisees and blew the shofarot (ram's horns) and cried to the Lord. But the rioters came in after them to the synagogue, and beat them and robbed them. Rabbi Israel they wanted to kill, because they knew he had money from the school of the Pharisees. They said he hid it in the ground at his home. He cried and begged for his life and paid them seven reds of gold.
Then Rabbi Israel and his people fled outside the city into the vineyard field by the ancient cemetery, except the old and the frail that could not run. They remained in the synagogue and in the city streets were thrown to the ground, trampled down by the rebel rioters.
In one cave at the cemetery Rabbi Nathan Neta, son of Rabbi Menahem Mendel of Shklov and others of the Ashkenazi Jews had found refuge. But even there they were not left alone, because the rioters came after them, searching specifically for Rabbi Israel of Shklov, determined to kill him for the school money he had. They caught Rabbi Nathan Neta in the cave and they gouged out his eye. The Jews were forced to leave the vineyard and run to the great ruin on the mountain where Rabbi Avraham Ba’ar and six hundred of his people were already inside. And the ruin could not contain all the refugees, and there too they were afraid for the life of Rabbi Israel, whom the rioters chased in order to kill. Three of the Pharisees -- Rabbi Moshe Khishis, and his son in law Rabbi Shmuel Shalom of Pinsk, and Rabbi Reuben Cohen –- went to the village of Ein Zeitim, and pleaded there with the heads of the village for a large sum of money, and they were permitted to bring Rabbi Israel and some of the Pharisees, and they were there in Ein Zeitim until the order in the city had been restored.
The rebellion continued for thirty-three days, and all that time the Jews were persecuted inside and outside the city, and they were not allowed to come out of their hideouts. The exceptions were those individuals, who by acquaintances and friendship, or by giving large amounts of money, found refuge for themselves and their family members in the homes of Ishmaelites (Arabs) and in the homes of Christians. The refugees who were outside the city, and in the fields under the open sky, suffered greatly from the great cold in the mountains of Safed, and the harsh dew in this part of the country. And their hearts dropped from fear at the sound of the rebels' cries and debauchery.
And the many that hid at first with Rabbi Gershon at the qadi court had no rest either, for “their number was large” in the eyes of the qadi, and after a few days he chased out from his court the greater part of them, and they were forced to flee to the fields and mountains outside the city.
Holy and heroic Jews, heroes of strength and courage of heart, gave their lives for the sanctity of the Lord and the duty of the city and community and did not leave the city nor ask for hideouts, and the outlaw murdering bandits trampled them down. Among them many famous righteous rabbis, “the Rabbi Ha’magid from the holy congregation of Satanov, and the rabbi from Piotrkow,” had the strength to hold against the bandits and to be remembered in the list of the author of “Korot Ha’Etim” (‘The history of the times’ or the ‘Chronicles’): “ The rabbi Mo’har Ya’acov Hirsh from Mohilov, and with him a Sephardi scholar, who prepared self-defense, closed the opening to their yard and piled a large number of stones on the roofs of their homes to throw at all those coming closer to their yard. This made their assailants angry and they opened fire at them. The Sephardi scholar died instantly and rabbi Ya’acov Hirsh was severely wounded. Later the attackers entered the yard looted and plundered”.
Beseechers and public activists were found, who gave their lives helping their brothers who were in great distress. And they pleaded in every way they could to ease the misery and to end the situation. They fed the hungry, returned babies to the bosoms of their mothers, buried the dead, dressed the wounded, bribed the Gentiles, and pleaded by way of messengers and letters to the consuls and authorities in Acre and Beirut. They even gathered and hid the remnants of the books and phylacteries and doorposts, which the savages desecrated.
Rabbi Lieb Cohen and Rabbi Shalom Hayat and Rabbi Mendel of Kamnitz went from street to street, from hideout to hideout, and returned little children to the bosoms of their mothers, buried the dead, and rescued those who were robbed by the rebels. These three excel in courage of spirit, and in their specialty in understanding the ways and manners of the Arabs. They were close to the Arabs and used gifts, prayer and war. According to the testimony of Rabbi Mendel of Kamnitz, “Rabbi Lieb Cohen wrestled with the bandits that attacked him, and yet did not stop from looking after the hiding persecuted Jews and rescue them.” And Rabbi Shalom Hayat was the acquaintance of many Muslims, whose clothes he used to tailor. “…and once, in the days of mayhem, when Rabbi Shalom and Rabbi Mendel walked together, a soldier caught them and put his sword on the neck of Rabbi Shalom in order to kill him, but Rabbi Shalom did not panic and with pleasant talk and pleading told the bandit, 'remember our old love, when I tailored your clothes, but know that I do not fear from my death, because my kind sir, I am old, but please let me die on my bed.”
After the initial days of panic passed, a rescuer and a savior came to the Jews of Safed. This was Rabbi Israel of Shklov, who, from his hideout at Ein Zeitim, with sums of money and gaining the heart of the sheik of the village, was able to get into his service fellahin who went to the city and mounted on their donkeys the sick and wounded that lay out in the streets. And with the fellahin coming into the city, came in also Jews dressed as fellahin and they took out money that they hid before leaving the city.
In each day that passes the rebels who conquered the city were afraid that the army of Ibrahim Pasha will come, take vengeance on them and put an end to their misdeeds. They were also concerned about attacks from savage Bedouins and other villagers from nearby who demanded from them a share in the loot they took from the Jews. And this fear did not give them the strength to unleash all their fury on the Jews. And in one of the days of riots the rebels gathered to a public meeting and there were found among them some who wanted to benefit the Jews, and they sent messengers to the markets and streets declaring “taman,” meaning the riots are over. And the Jews were about to return to the town, but very quickly they had found out that it was not the opinion of the majority of the rebels. And they attacked the Jews again on the road, forcing them to return to their hideouts and lie in the vineyard and in the ruins.
There were also many deceivers among the Ishmaelites, from among those who made their living from the Jews, and among them a known slave who promised to take the Jews from the vineyard and the ruins to the qadi’s court in exchange for a large sum of money, and he led them under his protection to the edge of the city. There he told his brothers to attack them and rip their clothes off.
During the thirty-three days of the riots the Jewish community was dwindled and ruined. Many were beaten to death and fell in the open streets, many were severely wounded, their eyes blinded, men and women were tortured. Thirteen synagogues the Jews had in Safed, and in them five hundred books of the Torah, and all were destroyed then, the precious books of Rabbi Isaac Abuhab were lost, the synagogue of the Ha’ari Ha’kadosh (The holy lion, Rabbi Isaac Lurya), and the book of the Torah at the synagogue of Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai at Meron. The homes of the Jews were emptied, and many were destroyed down to their foundations, because the bandits searched them for treasures of gold and silver. Many houses were burned. The printing press of Rabbi Israel Beck, which was in those days the only printing press in the entire land of Israel, with all its publication, the five books of the Pentateuch, and other books were destroyed and burned, and Rabbi Israel Beck was bitten many times, and he was sick in his legs for the rest of his life. Most of the Jews were left without a robe to cover their skin.
With great efforts Rabbi Israel of Shklov sent from his hideout letters to the consuls of foreign states in Beirut and informed them of the details of the troubles that befell the Jews, many of whom were the subjects of foreign states. The consuls encouraged Ibrahim Pasha to come to Safed, repress the rebellion and save the Jews from eradication. Ibrahim Pasha sent the emir of the Druze, Emir Bashir, from the Lebanon to the Galilee, and on 10 Tamuz (July 17) the emir came to the gates of Safed with a large force and repressed the revolt. Most of the rebels fled, and their leaders were caught and put to death in the open streets. And the Jews of Safed had a relief; they returned to their homes and gathered their few remaining belongings. The consuls tried to raise sums of money as compensation for their subjects and made lists of the damages, but the victims received only seven percent of the value of the damage.
In the month of Tevet (January 1,) 1837 there came upon Safed the great quake, and in Tamuz 1838 came a second plunder, and these three blows destroyed the Jewish community in Safed. But not many days later and the Jews renewed the settlement of Safed with hope, that “God shall build the Galilee.”
Epilogue: brief historical notes. According to the English traveler Alexander William Kinglake, the plunder had begun by a local Islamic clergyman named Muhamad Damoor, who incited the Moslems to attack the Jews. In sermons that he preached at the market of Safed, he gave a date for the attack and called upon them to take the treasures of the Jews, since they were thought to be very rich. Source: History of Safed/ Nathan Schur, Dvir & Am Oved publishing, Israel 1983. - Hebrew.
This tragedy is a forgotten historical event, and even in Israel few know about it. Those who do know about it mistakenly attribute it to the Druse. The attack on the Jewish community of Safed by a contingent of Druse mercenaries was in 1838, and it was a part of a quarrel they had with Ibrahim Pasha. They too thought the Jews had hidden treasures, and were encouraged to do so by local Moslems, who afterwards forced the Jews to give them a written oath that they had protected them.
This second plunder had nearly ended the existence of the community even though it was shorter, lasted only three days, and with no fatalities. After two deadly blows, the first plunder of 1834 and the earthquake of 1837, it was simply one blow too many. Thanks to the effort of the famed Jewish philanthropist Sir Moses Haim Montefiore, the community recovered. Source – Nathan Schur, p. 192 – 193.


VENICE — Four months ago, Mirella Dalla Pasqua, who was born and raised in this venerable city improbably built on water, did something she thought she would never do: she bought a house on the mainland.
“I had no choice,” said Ms. Dalla Pasqua, 31, who now has to commute to her job in a glove shop near the Rialto. “I’m proud to be a Venetian,” she said, but “house prices are impossibly high in Venice, and then you have to fix them up. Young people just can’t afford that.”
Ms. Dalla Pasqua is hardly the first Venetian to leave this sea-locked city. From a peak of 171,000 residents in 1951, the population of the historic center of Venice has fallen to fewer than 62,000.
“We’ve reached the point of collapse, the point where things could fall apart,” said Ezio Micelli, an urban planner who leads the municipal real estate development agency. But even as Venetians leave, tourists have been coming. And coming.Continue reading the main story
According to recent estimates, 15 million to 18 million tourists have come to Venice over the last year. On some days they easily outnumber residents, and during the pre-Lenten Carnevale tourists can number 150,000 a day.
Should the trend continue, newspapers fretted recently, by 2030 authentic Venetians could disappear here and the historic center could be reduced to a shell subsisting only on tourism.
“It’s not meaningful to talk about Venice as a city anymore,” said Robert Davis, a professor of Italian history at Ohio State University and an author of “Venice: the Tourist Maze,” an entertaining and thoughtful cultural critique of the tourism phenomenon. “The city is basically already lost,” he said. “The speculation is what will happen to it next.”
Venice is now largely dependent on tourism for its economic survival, even as tourists complicate daily life for most Venetians.
“You can’t get onto a vaporetto” — the public transport boat that ferries people around the canals and to the various islands like Murano that also help make up Venice proper — “without finding it packed with tourists and their suitcases,” grumbled Gianpietro Meneghetti, a retired bank manager.
He launched into a litany of grievances shared by many locals: high prices for basic foods, the inability to live normally among the interlopers.
Stores catering to daily needs like supermarkets, shoe-repair shops and even cinemas have been steadily muscled out by shops selling Murano glass, of varying qualities, and gaudy ceramic masks that capitalize on the city’s storied Carnevale festival.
Hotels, new bed-and-breakfasts, restaurants and snack bars have added to the space pressure, driving up the price of real estate, a resource particularly limited in Venice.
“Things cost too much — if you stay, it’s only because you’ve inherited a house,” said Walter Pitteri, who lives in Mestre, the mainland part of greater Venice, which sprawls to the west and includes Tessera Airport and Marghera, the industrial section.
Driving a car, which would be futile on Venice’s winding and waterbound streets if their narrowness had not already precluded it, also has its attractions, he added. “I’d never come back,” he said. “I’m not interested in a city like this that’s too difficult to live in.”
Property is exceptionally expensive in Venice, with a 1,000-square-foot apartment going for up to $1.3 million in the historic center, and more on the Grand Canal, but half or a quarter of that on the terra firma across the lagoon.
Even that is too high for some. With few jobs apart from tourism, the population of greater Venice has also declined since its 1968 peak of 367,832. It is today just shy of 270,000, including those in the old city.
Something must be done to “stop the exodus and protect the resident population,” Mayor Massimo Cacciari said in an interview in his office, in a palazzo abutting the Grand Canal.
The city has set aside money to help young couples meet the high costs of rents or mortgages, but it “barely covers a small percentage of the needs,” Mr. Cacciari said.
Through the municipal real estate development agency, the city is also trying to bolster the population by building 500 to 600 apartments in three far-flung areas, Santa Marta, Cannaregio and Castello, for rent to middle-class families, the group at the greatest risk of vanishing.
“If you lose the middle class, you end up with polarization between the very rich and the very poor, and the city becomes unglued and falls apart,” said Mr. Micelli, the development agency head. Similar projects in other areas of Venice, like Giudecca, have been successful, he said, slowing the exodus to the mainland and “reinforcing the social fabric.”
The Venetian authorities, hoping to lure new residents to the historic center, are looking at ways to develop job opportunities outside the tourist industry. “We need new energies from outside,” said Mara Rumiz, the Venice council member in charge of housing. The current population, she said, “just isn’t a sufficient critical mass to launch the city on a new path.”
But attracting new businesses here has not been easy.
“After all, you can’t build a factory here,” Mr. Cacciari said, citing Venice’s fragile ecosystem.
Instead, the city is pressing its cultural advantages, increasing research facilities and university programs in the historic center and promoting cultural events like the Biennale art exhibition and film festival.
There may be ways, too, to siphon more tourist money directly into city coffers. Mr. Cacciari proposes a per-night tax on tourist stays and a more nebulous tax on people who make their living from tourism to compensate the city for local services.
“The demand for Venice is inflexible — rising prices won’t stop it,” said Mr. Davis, the Italian history professor. “People will come anyway.”Continue reading the main story


Scientists all over the world are working their butt off to get us rid of this deadly pathogen, and the good news is, they might successfully turn it into a horror story from the past within a few months.
This time it’s Monash University that seems to be taking a bow. The researchers over there have come up with an amazing anecdote that could put an end to this disquieting era. This candidate vaccine is soon to be tested on human beings and if approved, it will cease all our troubles.
The top-tier researchers and scientists at Monash University suggest that ivermectin tends to neutralize COVID-19 cells. Once the cells are killed by ivermectin, the virus can be non-functional.
Ivermectin is the same drug that is used to kill head lice. In a plenty of experiments, the Monash scientists have found out that it also has a cosmic potential to kill the coronavirus cells. The scientists, therefore, have postulated that Ivermectin can be utilized as a vaccine for COVID-19 patients.
Dr Kylie Wagstaff inferred a sole dose of Ivermectin could get the viral RNA eliminated within 48 hours. The scientists now need to determine the right amount of dosage that humans can safely intake.
There’s a wide array of diseases that can be treated via Ivermectin i.e HIV, Influenza. Hopes are high that ivermectin will be a saviour for COVID-19 patients as well, but pre-clinical testing and clinical trials are yet to take place.
Imagine a time when we just reminisce about these painful days as history. It can happen and it is sure to happen for the sake of humankind. The science fraternity is working day in and day out to rescue the world from this frigging disease and we should pat them on their back for that.
SHARE this great news with your friends and family and give them hope.


- Avila Wool
- AVILA WOOLWool from the Avila district, Spain.
Dictionary of the English textile terms. 2014.
Look at other dictionaries:
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King James I‘s claim to fame is having held the role of a monarch for two nations at the same time. He was the king of Scotland and Great Britain, which was something that had not occurred in the past. His reign began in 1567 and lasted until his death in 1625.
Parliament of England
As a king, he was not fond of the Parliament in England and found them to be divisive. He had specific ideas when it came to how the nation should be run, and as a king, he wished for them to be adhered to. The Parliament of England was less willing and often criticized him for his expenditures. In general, the reason for this had a lot to do with how stable the governments were in Scotland and England. They were willing to take on the king and put their point of view across.
Once he passed away, it was not as easy for the governments to remain stable. This had more to do with his son Charles who had attempted to lead in the same manner but failed.
Importance of His Reign
King James I’s reign was not only important because he was ruling two nations at once but the fact he was a member of the “House of Stuart” not Atlanta like some claim. He was the first member of this house to become a king. Since Elizabeth I didn’t have children, there was no one available to take up the role.
This is when the House of Stuart was sought out as a solution to fill the gap.
The Scottish monarch became the ideal solution as he was the closest to Elizabeth I at the time. Also, it made it easier for both nations to bond as the leader was attached to both in some capacity. This meant the stability in the land was consistent for a while.
As a student, he excelled at a younger age and was well-regarded for his desire to study. He was always looking into advancements within the world of art, science, and literature. His love for literature rose to a point where he penned “Daemonologie” (1597).
He had additional works later on that included Basilikon and The True Law of Free Monarchies.
He also spent a lot of time learning about witchcraft as it intrigued him. He would go on to burn books associated with witchcraft because he found it frightening.


The Buddhist understanding of the illusory nature of a constant, unchanging sense of self, first posited thousands of years ago, has been validated by recent neuro-scientific research. And while neuroscience cannot yet offer a definitive answer as to exactly how consciousness relates to the brain, some cognitive scientists have begun to reference Buddhist thought in their research.
Evan Thompson, a professor of philosophy at the University of British Columbia, writes about cognitive science, phenomenology, the philosophy of mind, and cross-cultural philosophy—especially Buddhist philosophy in dialogue with Western philosophy of mind and cognitive science. “Buddhists argue that nothing is constant, everything changes through time, you have a constantly changing stream of consciousness,” said Thompson. “And from a neuroscience perspective, the brain and body is constantly in flux. There’s nothing that corresponds to the sense that there’s an unchanging self.” (Quartz)
Evan Thompson. From ubc.ca
According to a paper published in July—“Reconstructing and deconstructing the self: cognitive mechanisms in meditation practice” by Cortland J. Dahl, Antoine Lutz, and Richard J. Davidson—there is scientific evidence that “self-processing in the brain is not instantiated in a particular region or network, but rather extends to a broad range of fluctuating neural processes that do not appear to be self specific.” (Cell Press)
The authors define cognitive reification as “the experience of thoughts, emotions, and perceptions as being accurate depictions of reality and, in particular, the implicit belief that the self and objects of consciousness are inherently enduring, unitary, and independent of their surrounding conditions and circumstances. In the Buddhist tradition, cognitive reification is a primary target in deconstructive styles of meditation.” (Cell Press)
According to Thompson, this is not the only convergence of neuroscience and Buddhism. Some neuroscientists now theorize that cognitive faculties can be trained through meditation, and that there may be scientific credence to the Buddhist belief that consciousness extends into deep sleep.
“The standard neuroscience view is that deep sleep is a blackout state where consciousness disappears,” said Thompson. “In Indian philosophy we see some theorists argue that there’s a subtle awareness that continues to be present in dreamless sleep, there’s just a lack of ability to consolidate that in a moment-to-moment way in memory.” (Quartz)
Thompson even supports the Buddhist view of the intrinsic existence of the self (on a relative level), although he disagrees with the idea that an aspect of consciousness exists independent of the physical body. “In neuroscience, you’ll often come across people who say the self is an illusion created by the brain. My view is that the brain and the body work together in the context of our physical environment to create a sense of self. And it’s misguided to say that just because it’s a construction, it’s an illusion.” (Quartz)


MDMA is the key ingredient in the drug ecstasy. MDMA is synthetic, meaning it's manmade.
MDMA works by altering chemical reactions in the brain. Most users take it as a pill or capsule. The effects usually last about 3 to 6 hours.
Drugz Your Choice… Fact: Ecstasy is known as a dance drug and is associated with young adults. Ecstasy is also known by its chemical name MDMA and is a stimulant with mind-altering properties. Over the years the cost of it has come down but so has the purity. It is often mixed with other, potentially more harmful substances and users do not truly know what they are taking.
MDMA affects two neurotransmitters in the brain, serotonin and norepinephrine. MDMA causes a build up of serotonin, a "feel-good" chemical that plays a role in mood, sleep, sexual feelings, sensitivity to pain, and aggression.
MDMA enhances a person's mood — whether that mood is happy, sad, or angry. MDMA also can make someone feel more energetic and warmer toward other people. It may also change the way a person perceives experiences or time.
Other short-term effects include:
Taking MDMA puts people at risk of dehydration and a dangerous condition called hyperthermia (a kind of heatstroke that can happen when someone gets a very high fever). Hyperthermia is a big risk if people take MDMA someplace hot where they're doing a lot of dancing or are very active, like at a club. Hyperthermia can cause brain damage, kidney failure, heart failure, and in rare instances, death.
A few ecstasy users take more than one pill at a time, which is known as "bumping." Because taking large amounts of ecstasy in a short period of time can cause MDMA to build up in the blood, bumping MDMA is dangerous. People who do it might have seizures and abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia).
MDMA can make people more sensitive to touch. Because of this, people who take it may be more likely to have sex, so the risk of getting an STD is higher.
MDMA can be addictive for some people. They may keep using drugs like ecstasy even when they know about the health problems and other downsides.
People who use MDMA a lot can build up a tolerance to the drug. They need to take larger doses to get the same effects. Taking larger amounts of MDMA often puts stress on the heart. A person might have high blood pressure and pulse rates, breathe faster, and even have heart failure.
Long-term use of MDMA may cause permanent brain damage and memory loss. One animal study showed that just 4 days of heavy ecstasy use damaged the brain in a way that was still visible 6 to 7 years later.
Other long-term effects include:
Other Possible Problems
Taking too large a dose of MDMA at one time can lead to an overdose. Someone who overdoses on MDMA will have a higher body temperature, hallucinations, and convulsions, and could even die.
People can get physically dependent on MDMA. Because they might "crash" as the drug's effects wear off, some will keep taking it to prevent withdrawal symptoms. This can lead to binges of drug abuse that make the eventual crash even more difficult.
Part of the appeal of drugs like ecstasy is the price. People who make the drugs might keep them cheaper by adding other substances or drugs to the mix, like ketamine or heroin. This can cause dangerous drug interactions, especially when a user takes MDMA with alcohol or other drugs.
MDMA is listed as a Schedule I substance. That means it has a high potential for abuse and has no legitimate medical purpose. Possession or use is punishable by fines and jail time.
How Can Someone Quit?
MDMA can be addictive. This can make it hard to stop using it, and people might have increased cravings for the drug. People who try to quit might be depressed or unable to sleep. They might also have panic attacks, paranoia, and trouble concentrating.
Drugs like ecstasy are made in hidden laboratories or unsanitary kitchens. So there's no way to know what's really in a drug or how strong it is. There's always a chance of ingredient interactions or overdose.
Because there are so many names for MDMA or ecstasy, it can help to be aware of them. No matter what a drug is called, though, if someone offers you drugs in club or other settings (even when it's someone you know), protect yourself by saying "no".


The Human Genome Project began in 1990 and was the largest collaboration of international scientists in biology in history to date. Their task was to sequence the 3 billion bases of genetic information living in human cells and to publically disseminate the findings. In 2004, The International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium was able to make the prediction that each human being has on average 20 – 25, 000 genes; a number much lower than originally anticipated.
In 2010, the UK10K project was launched with the aim of decoding the genomes of 10,000 people within a three year period. The project’s primary goal was to uncover many rare genetic variants that play a role in human disease. Some of the critical questions asked concerned the number of new mutations a child has and whether these came from the mother or the father. The project published some interesting findings; in particular, it found that human genomes (i.e., the entirety of a person’s hereditary information encoded in DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid or for viruses in RNA) are changed by the power of mutation. In other words, our DNA is changed by subtle alterations in its code from that of our parents. If the mutation occurs in sperm or egg cells these will be new mutations not observed in our parents. The majority of the reshuffling of genes originates from our parents; new mutations are the final source from which new variation is drawn. It is estimated that only 1 in 100 million letters of DNA is altered with each generation and therefore finding new mutations is enormously scientifically challenging.
Professor Gilean McVean, lead author of the 1000 Genome study, described each individual in the human population as a walking natural experiment. By this he meant that “some of our genes are switched off, while others are active and some overactive”. It is thought that each supposedly healthy person carries hundreds of rare variants of genes that have an important impact on how genes work, and a few (approximately between two and five) of the rare changes that have been recognized (as variants) contribute to disease in other people. Efforts are currently being undertaken to understand the genomes of children with developmental disorders including ADHD and Autism and the next section will discuss what we know so far. More information on The Human Genome Project can be accessed via their website: http://www.genome.gov/10001772
Speak Your Mind


>> The most compelling reason that I have heard is that, as-is, you
>> cannot reconstruct a properly indented program from an improperly
>> indented one.
Yes. If you match brackets incorrectly by putting them at the wrong
spot you wrote faulty code and no program can fix that for you.
Typically the easiest way to catch it to run it through an indentation
program and catch it visually. In Python, using wrong indentation is
the same as putting brackets where they don't belong, so don't expect a
formatter to fix problems it can't fix. (And you don't even have to run
it through an indentation program to find it!)
Personally, I've never had any problems with Python's indent-oriented
parser and find it much easier to write code in than the atrocious
brackets and other clutter in C (or other languages like C).
When changing existing code, you end up searching for the correct
brackets to add/remove in C, plus you have to run it through a
formatter (if you don't fix the indentation by hand). In Python you
left/right shift the affected code. I don't see a whole lot of
difference in the amount of effort it takes in either language...
>> It is quite a bit easier to fix up the indentation of a C program than
>> it is to fix up the indentation of a Python. Given a good set of
>> "style-rules" and a messed up C program, there is only one way to fix
>> up the indentation. Given Python's current syntax and a messed up
>> Python program, there are many ways to fix it up... and each means
>> somthing different. To properly re-indent a Python program you must
>> read the code and figure out which of the many possible combinations
>> is the right one.
Again, a messed up Python program probably means faulty code. If the
original program is correctly formatted, the cut and paste should
produce correctly formatted code, maybe several levels too far to the
left or to the right. The latter is easily fixed with any reasonable
editor. It should be easy to run something like 'pindent' over the
source to change the number of spaces used per indentation level if
there is a difference in style between the pasted code and your code.
>> Python already has a 'begin' statement... it is written as a colon.
>> The 'begin' is interpreted relative to its position within the code,
>> that is, move the code, the 'begin' moves with it. But the current
>> version of the 'end', the DEDENT token, is an absolute value, and is
>> not relative to its context, move the code and the DEDENT does not
>> know that it was moved. This adds an element of asymmety to the
>> language that I feel should be removed.
The 'pindent' program solves this asymmetry for you (no?).
-- Jaap Vermeulen +--------------------------+ | Sequent Computer Systems | Internet : email@example.com | Beaverton, Oregon | Uucp : ...uunet!sequent!jaap +--------------------------+


Babies vary in shape and size as much as grown-ups do, and how much weight your baby gains each month can vary depending on factors like genetics, how much she's fed, and whether she's getting breast milk or formula. For example, exclusively breastfed babies typically gain weight faster in the first two months than formula-fed babies, but these same infants tend to grow less rapidly than their formula-fed counterparts through the remainder of the first year. Though there is a wide range of normal, here are some rough guidelines from HappyMom.Life you can use to gauge that your baby's on track.
Birth to 1 Month
The average newborn gains 2/3 to 1 ounce a day and grows 1 to 1 1/2 inches in length over the course of the whole month. Remember that most babies lose some weight during the first few days of life, but usually regain this weight over the next few days so that within a week to 10 days they're back to their original birth weight.
1 to 4 Months
Babies usually gain 1 1/2 to 2 pounds and grow 1 to 1 1/2 inches each month. During this time, your baby may begin looking chubby; however, as her activity level increases, those baby rolls will soon be replaced by developing muscle.
By 6 Months
Most babies have doubled their birth weight.
By 12 Months
Most babies have usually tripled their birth weight and will have grown 9 to 11 inches from their original birth length.
By 24 Months
Most babies have quadrupled their birth weight and will have grown 14 to 16 inches from their birth length.
At each of your baby's well visits your pediatrician will track your child's weight, height, and head circumference on a growth chart. This standard chart was developed from data using national surveys and doctors use it to determine the progress your baby is making compared with other babies of the same age and sex. Many parents worry if their baby's measurements are on the high or low end of the chart. While these concerns are normal, remember that your child's percentile is not as important as the fact that she's growing consistently. If your pediatrician isn't concerned about your child's size or growth patterns, you shouldn't worry either.
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Our bodies are endowed with a repertoire of innate responses to imbalance. For example, when a part of our body is injured, the body’s immune system instinctively responds with the appropriate corrective measures which generally cause four symptoms; redness, pain, heat, and swelling. In reaction to an injury, inflammation is meant to cause pain when the area is moved or touched. This serves to immobilize the injured area long enough to allow time for healing. Once the problem has been corrected, inflammation subsides.
However, generalized chronic inflammation in the body that falls below the threshold of pain and exists under the radar is not a normal, healthy state of being and could be considered the groundwork for chronic diseases such as asthma, eczema, digestive disorders, and clogged arteries. It’s interesting to note that the word disease has two parts; “dis” and “ease”, which remind us that even the most serious of medical conditions started out as a minor malfunction.
The good news is that you can reverse generalized inflammation in your body with simple, easily incorporated, anti-inflammatory lifestyle changes. We’ll talk about inflammation-causing and inflammation-lowering foods later on in this article. We’ll also take a look at more of the lifestyle changes you can make today to correct any silent inflammation you may have hiding in your body right now.
Where Does Inflammation Hide?
Hidden inflammation can hide anywhere throughout the body. Situations such as prolonged infections, smoking, and something as simple as gum disease jump-start your immune system and inflammation is off to the races.
Carrying too much weight, especially on the hips and thighs, can contribute to hidden inflammation as fat cells give off inflammatory proteins called cytokines. Carol Shively, professor of pathology at Wake Forest University School of Medicine has studied fat distribution and says, “the stress hormone cortisol appears to bind to receptors on fat cells, setting off a process that promotes the storage of fat and increases the number of fat cells. These extra cells then produce more chemicals that increase inflammation.”
This means your immune system is continually supplying small amounts of immune cells, bit by bit, to all parts of your body and this interferes with healthy tissue. Eventually, this trickle triggers bigger problems.
When The Hidden Becomes The Obvious
When the inflammatory chemicals outnumber the anti-inflammatory, problems such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and eczema can jump into the picture. Hidden inflammation impedes your body’s immune response by keeping it in a higher gear for longer than necessary. This might cause a delayed immune response resulting in longer recuperation periods, colds and flues lasting longer than usual, or cuts, bruises and scrapes taking longer to heal than normal. By maintaining more of a balance of anti-inflammatory to inflammatory chemicals in our bodies, we can keep these conditions at bay.
Foods and Inflammation
Removing inflammation-causing foods from your diet could not only help you shed a few unwanted pounds, but this simple step, based on better choices, is well within your ability to incorporate into your life right away.
One of the reasons inflammation occurs is from a rapid rise in blood sugar, which causes biochemical changes in the cell. Staying away from sugar and high-glycemic (simple) carbohydrates, which the body rapidly converts to sugar, is one of the best ways to decrease inflammation.
One of the greatest things you can do to fight inflammation in the body is to eat foods that are flush with antioxidants , compounds that fight off free-radical cells. Free radicals are the pesky little devils that roam around your blood stream, getting into your tissues, causing damage to cell walls, certain cell structures, and genetic material within the cells.
|FOODS||COMMON CHOICES||BETTER CHOICES|
|FATS||Omega 6’s found in margarine, corn & safflower oil||Omega 3’s found infish & leafy green vegetables, olive oil,walnut oil, sunfloweroil, canola oil, avocados,nut butters, macadamianutsGamma-linolenic acid(GLA) enhances the anti-inflammatory effects ofomega 3’s|
|Bananas, white breads,carrots, cereals with addedsugars, corn, french fries,fruit juices, mangos, pancakes, papaya, pasta,peas, popcorn, whitepotatoes, white rice, sugar, waffles.||Complex carbs such asapples, asparagus, beans,broccoli, blackberries, blueberries, cabbage, cantaloupe, citrus fruits, honeydew melon, kiwi,lefy greans, peaches, pears, plums, raspberries,spinach, strawberries|
|ANTI-OXIDANTS||Processed foods, granola,cucumbers, canned corn||Berries, raw cacao, leafygreen vegetables, foodshigh in vitamins A,C,E, and selenium|
A Few Simple Changes You Can Make Starting Today
Your genes are fixed; this is called your genotype. But which genes get turned “on” or “off”, and when, is somewhat within your control. Your diet, your stress levels, the amount of environmental toxins you’re exposed to, are all factors in the amount of hidden inflammation you may or may not be carrying around with you at this moment.
If you are at increased risk of heart disease, ask your health care professional to explain the simple blood test (called a C-reactive protein test) that can reveal the degree of hidden inflammation in your body.
Gentle exercising will:
- move toxins through your lymphatic system and out of your body,
- help you reduce excess weight,
- lower your blood pressure, and
- reduce stress levels
All the above are factors that support hidden inflammation in your body.
Nutter’s Can Suggest…
Prairie Naturals Resveratrol Rx is an outstanding antioxidant compound and contains therapeutic amounts of polyphenols from grapes and green tea. Antioxidants support healthy aging, protect DNA, proteins, and LDL from free radical damage in the body, and offer cancer protection and anti-inflammatory support. Resveratrol Rx can be a vital component to cardiovascular health and aids in detoxification.
Brad King’s Ultimate Anti-Stress offers reduced stress and improved health, plus fat loss. What to expect from this product?…normalized adrenal function, improved overall ability to deal with excessive stress, lowers excessive cortisol levels in the evening placing the body in a proper sleep environment, induces relaxation without sedation, activates fat breakdown instead of muscle tissue, normalizes immunity, increases mental function and protects the heart.
1. U.S. News & World Report, Family Health
2. We The Change
Suggested Further Reading…
1. “Beans Blast Blueberries To Gain Antioxidant Crown”
Gives a full outline of which foods are antioxidant rich.
Carol Roy is a Natural Health Practitioner who received her diploma from the Alternative Medicine College of Canada in Montreal, Quebec. With 12 years experience in her area of expertise, natural health and wellness, Carol has also trained to become a fully qualified Reiki Master, Quantum Touch Practitioner, and Reflexologist.
The suggestions by Nutter’s Bulk & Natural Foods and the contents of this article
are recommendations only and not a substitute for any medical advice or a
replacement for any prescriptions. Seek medical advice for any health concerns.
Consult your health care provider before using any recommendations herein.


Main Jewish immigration history America north-east
The Jewish immigration history America started in 1860. In this year 200,000
German Jews immigrated to USA. From 1882 to 1914, 2 million Jews immigrated
from eastern Europe to USA. The Jewish immigration in the years 1882-1914
changed the Jews history. It created new Jewish centers, decreased the
Jewish numbers in Europe and made new religious-culture trends in the Jewish
Jewish immigration history America reasons
The main reasons for the immigration to USA were:
1. The Russia anti-Semitism policy and the pogroms.
2. The desire to give the children better education and happy life.
3. USA dream - Freedom and Gold.
4. Modern vehicles like steam engines and trains.
5. Longing to immigrate that hold some of the Jews, sweep away the others.
Some Jews didn't want to immigrate. The orthodox Jews were afraid that they will
not be able to remain Jews and they will not be able to eat kosher food. Many
Jews thought that they must stay in Russia and fight for their rights. Others
thought that they betray they homeland Russia. Most of the Jews were for the
immigration. Even the educated Jews, that first were against the immigration,
joined and immigrated to USA.
Jewish immigration history America residence and work areas
Eastern Europe Jews streamed to the big trade cities in the north east land: New
York, Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore and to the middle west land: Chicago,
Cleveland, Detroit and Pittsburgh. In this way the Jews could keep their way of
life. There is no doubt that the will to stay together, live together
and keep in touch push them to the big cities.
In 1914, there were more than 1.5 million Jews in New York city. Why New
1. Eastern Europe Jews came to New York harbor and stayed there. Mainly in the
2. New York was the center of the dressing industry which was the Jews
3. In New York there was already a large Jewish community and they thought they
will get support.
In 1880 and along the 80's, 65% of the Jews were involved in the Dressing and
Why Dressing and Textile?
1. The Dressing branch was in times of revolution and it had many open jobs.
2. The Jews had knowledge in the textile industry
3. The whole family could work in the dressing field. In this way the family
connections reserved and there was no need to work on Saturdays.
Economical and social organizations
The economical and social state of the Jewish immigrants in the years 1880-1914
was better than the none Jewish immigrants. The Jews were known for their
organizations. They helped each other and got help from the old Jewish
community that came before them from Germany. There were local organization
which operated locally and took care for the poor. On the other side, there
were Jewish USA organizations. These organizations were economical, social
and political organizations. One of them was Bney Brit, which started to help
immigrants economically and then pressed the USA government to press the
Orthodox - This stream stayed with fearful religious as way of
life. The Orthodox stream didn't change anything from the Torah. This is the
Torah from Sinai and no human can change it. Many of them were anti Zionism.
Reformist - The reformists accept the Jews ethical commandment
and reject the practical commandment that are not suitable to 20 century. The
bible is the main stream here and not the Talmud.
Conservative - The conservatives are between the Orthodox and
the Reformist. Their big issue is that there is a new realty and there has to
be a change in the Jews religious customs. One of their change was woman and
man sitting together and pray. The Conservatives keep guard the
Kashrut and the Sabbath as is. They also say that the practical commandment are
not relevant, but they want to keep some of them.


Local middle school students help Princeton faculty members and graduate students present a hands-on explanation of polymers in a video recorded at the University's 2010 Science and Engineering Expo. Engineering professor Richard Register (above) uses a Hoberman Sphere and other common objects to demonstrate the flexibiilty of long-chain molecules.
Photos: School of Engineering and Applied Science
Watch the "Polymers" video.
Video feature: 'Polymers'
Posted August 12, 2010; 12:00 p.m.
What are polymers, anyway? With the help of local middle school students, Princeton faculty members and graduate students give a hands-on explanation of these long-chain molecules in a video recorded at the University's 2010 Science and Engineering Expo.
The spring expo was attended by approximately 1,000 area middle school students. It was co-organized by the Princeton Center for Complex Materials (PCCM), which offers outreach programs designed to spark and sustain enthusiasm for science among young people at a critical time in their education.
The video features Richard Register, chair of the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Daniel Steinberg, director of educational outreach at the Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials; and Princeton graduate students Keith Gallow and Colin Neikirk.
PCCM also hosts a materials science teacher training program, as well as other programs. The outreach programs are funded by the National Science Foundation.


Welsh miners' key World War One role laying landmines
In 1914 Welsh miners were one of the few groups who could say their lives were changing for the better.
Yet just a year or so later they were pitched into the most gruesome of all World War One's battlefields - the tunnels beneath the Western Front.
After decades of bitter labour disputes with private coal barons, the outbreak of war brought government control of the mines, and with it substantially improved wages and safety conditions.
Nevertheless, one in five miners volunteered to "do their bit", so many in fact that the government soon barred them from signing up in order to safeguard badly-needed coal supplies.
World War One at Home
But whilst miners were considered too valuable for cannon fodder, when the Western Front stuttered into stalemate their skills were soon required to lay enormous landmines beneath the static lines of trenches.
Swansea University's WW1 historian Dr Gerry Oram's own grandfather was amongst the miners who headed to France.
"Like many colliers, my grandfather was about five feet square and therefore didn't meet the army's minimum height restrictions for regular units," he said.
"So he was put into a Bantam battalion which utilised these men's experience with heavy labour and excavating."
But far from being regarded as second-class soldiers, so sought after were experienced miners that normal age restrictions were waived for them with men up to the age of 60 sometimes accepted.
Dr Oram explained: "They weren't only in demand for their mining skills, but because they were used to hard work and poor conditions, and already possessed the sort of military discipline which comes from their very lives depending on each man doing his job properly.
"This caused conflict within the War Office, with arguments over whether the miners were better used helping to keep Britain in the war by producing coal, or helping push for victory by tunnelling on the Western Front."
However, it was Liverpool sewer diggers rather than Welsh miners who formed the first Royal Engineers tunnelling companies, in response to Germany's own underground attacks of December 1914.
The sewer diggers had perfected the "Clay-Kicking" technique, whereby one man digs in a sitting position and passes the spoil over his head to a partner.
Initially it proved ideal for shallow wartime tunnelling as it could be employed in extremely small spaces, was virtually silent, and could progress at almost twice the speed of German methods.
But within a year the introduction of microphones to detect enemy mining had forced tunnels ever deeper, requiring the more specialist skills of coal and tin miners.Dark, damp, claustrophobic
And according to military historian Peter Barton, as the cat-and-mouse battle of outflanking and interception began to mirror the war on the surface, the tunnels became increasingly unpleasant places to operate.
"The men would only have had a week's basic training because, as miners, they were expected to already know everything they'd need to," he said.
"So within a matter of days of leaving home they'd be in a dark, damp, claustrophobic tunnel. Silence was essential as you never knew whether the enemy tunnels were forty metres or 40 centimetres away from you.
"You'd be living with the constant danger of poisonous gas and cave-ins.
"But by far your biggest fear would be that if you were detected, the enemy would lay a charge. If you were lucky you may be killed instantly. If you weren't, you'd be entombed alive."
In December 1915 that was precisely the fate which befell Sapper William Arthur Lloyd from New Broughton, near Wrexham.
He and four other men were digging to lay 12,000kg mines in preparation for the following year's Somme Offensive, when their tunnel in the La Boisselle complex was discovered and destroyed by their German counterparts.
Such was the secrecy surrounding tunnelling operations that Mr Lloyd's family were only ever told he had died in an explosion.
But members of Mr Barton's La Boisselle Research group have carried out archaeological excavations of the site, and believe they've finally unearthed its secrets.
Last year he was able to take Sapper Lloyd's great-granddaughter Lesley Woodbridge to the exact spot where his body still remains.
She said: "I never thought I would even find out what part of France he was in.
"You can spend so much time looking, just trawling through information and finding nothing and getting really fed up with yourself.
"Then suddenly you find something and it's just such a great feeling.
"I just wish my grandmother and other members of the family were still around so they could see the results."
Tunnelling operations reached their zenith in June 1917, when Britain exploded 19 mines containing 600 tons of explosive below Messines.
They killed an estimated 10,000 German troops, and created an explosion so loud that it could be heard by Prime Minister David Lloyd George in his London study.
But by the end of 1917 the front lines had begun to move so quickly that there was no time for extensive tunnelling.
The bloodiest of all the battles was effectively over.
Writing at the end of 1916, Field Marshal Haig, commander of British forces on the Western Front, noted: "The Tunnelling Companies still maintain their superiority over the enemy underground, thus safeguarding their comrades in the trenches.
"Their skill, enterprise and courage have been remarkable," he said.
Welsh miners were prominent amongst those men who volunteered to undertake this dangerous and difficult task: it is estimated that 4,500 south Wales miners served as tunnellers, of whom over 200 were killed in action.
- See historian Peter Barton explain what miner William Arthur Lloyd would have had to face during the war.


First off, lets divide up atheists into two groups, strong atheists, and agnostics. It is important to show the differences between the two. Atheism has not really been a big player in the world until the eighteenth century when people wished to rise above the oppressive authority of the government and the church. But at the time, there was no big hubbub about it. Even Newton, a great scientist, published more articles about God than physics.
Atheism gained major fuel after Sigmund Freud made some comments about God. Today, prominent scientists like Richard Dawkins argue against God. He has several arguments. First, he claims, there is no need for God, as evolution accounts for all of life. Although this argument does prove that God did not magically make all living organisms, it does not disprove the idea that God worked out His creative plan through evolution. His second argument is that religion is irrational. I find this interesting because Dawkins claims that science demands atheism, but this goes beyond the evidence. If God is outside of nature, you cannot use science to prove or disprove God. Also, his definition of faith is flawed: blind trust in the absence of evidence. This does not fully encapsulate faith. Surely, arguments by CS Lewis and Thomas Aquinas proves that serious thinkers can intensely believe in God. Finally, he argues about all the bad created by religion. As I already mentioned, however, despite the evil, have not great things been done? Also, how do you pin that on God; is it not humans being imperfect containers for God and Moral Law?
Agnosticism is the belief that knowledge on God’s existence cannot be achieved. Note that agnosticism can, but does not need to be, a cop out. It should only be affirmed after a full consideration for and against the existence of God, and just about everyone who considers themselves agnostics do not do this. Science cannot be used to justify discounting the great religions of the world, which rest upon history, moral philosophy, and the evidence of human altruism. It is very deceitful and vain to say that you know for sure one way or another, as even people of great faith had doubts, but saying you know that God does not exist is just as wrong.


Do you need to work with numbers that are of the magnitude of thousands, millions, or even billions? How about the thousandths, millionths, or billionths? Scientists and engineers need to work with really large and really small numbers every day. Now Wolfram|Alpha can help put all of those large and small numbers into scientific notation. For example, the Earth’s mass is about 5973600000000000000000000 kg, but it is nicely represented in scientific notation as 5.9736×10^24 kg.
Yes, it is once again the time of the year when the mathematically inclined gather together to celebrate Pi Day…
…and, in the process, swap trivia of note on everyone’s (including Wolfram|Alpha’s) favorite number.
There have been no shortage of blog posts already written on the subject; see, for example, last year’s “Pi Day in Wolfram|Alpha” (or the Wolfram Blog Pi Day posts from 2008 or 2010). As already hinted at in last year’s blog, one would expect the pi to be ubiquitous in a computational knowledge engine—and so it is. Therefore, at the risk of beating a proven transcendental constant to death, this year we offer a few (well, OK: more than a few) additional pi-related esoterica courtesy of Wolfram|Alpha.
The real line runs from negative to positive infinity and consists of rational and irrational numbers. It generally appears horizontally, and every point corresponds to a real number. Also known as a number line in school, the real line is said to be one of the most useful ways to understand basic mathematics. Wolfram|Alpha can now aid you in learning the difference between x<-5 and x>5, or Abs[x]<2.
Wolfram|Alpha now graphs inequalities and points on the real line. This new feature in Wolfram|Alpha allows you to plot a single inequality or a list of multiple inequalities. Let’s start off simply and try “number line x<100”.
You can easily see that this is the set of all real numbers from negative infinity to, but not including, 100.
What if you need to plot a more difficult inequality, like “number line 3x<7x^2+2”? This plot will show that the solutions to this inequality are all real numbers between negative and positive infinity.


In this report, the authors discuss cryptocurrencies — especially bitcoin — and argue that because the IRS lists them as property, they are taxable, and because they are not as anonymous as once thought, they are not free from fraud.
Cryptocurrencies are digital assets used as a medium of exchange, but they are not really coins. They can be sent electronically from one entity to another almost anywhere in the world with an internet connection. There are many cryptocurrencies in the market, including bitcoin, ethereum, ethereum classic, litecoin, nem, dash, iota, bitshares, monero, neo, and ripple. Many of the cryptocurrency networks are not controlled by a single entity or company; instead, a decentralized network of computers keeps track of the currency using a token ID. A ledger maintains a continuously growing list of date stamped transactions in real time called “blocks.” This technology is known as blockchain, which records, verifies, and stores transactions without a trusted central authority. The network instead relies on decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) with uncertain legal standing.
Wall, Joseph; Crumbley, D. Larry; Kilbourne, Lewis B.; and Blair, Caleb, "Cryptocurrencies Are Taxable and Not Free From Fraud" (2018). Accounting Faculty Research and Publications. 113.
ADA accessible version
Published version. Tax Notes, (January 2018). Published version. © 2018 Tax Analysts. Used with permission.


A Place to Call Home
DATE OF RELEASE: Wednesday, September 9th, 2009
- Three Quarters of Mexican Immigrants Report Some Discrimination
- Muslim Immigrants Least Likely to Report Discrimination Compared to Other Immigrant Groups
- Tres Cuartas Partes De Los Inmigrantes Mexicanos Denuncian Cierta Discriminación
The report released today by the nonpartisan, nonprofit research organization, Public Agenda, follows up on a groundbreaking 2002 survey and tracks immigrants’ shifting attitudes during a tumultuous period. Conducted in May 2009 and funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, "A Place to Call Home: What Immigrants Say Now About Their Life in America," utilized landline and cellular telephones along with oversamples to provide the widest perspective possible from more than 1,100 foreign-born adults from around the world. In particular, the survey provides new insight into the views of undocumented immigrants, Hispanic and Muslim immigrants.
"Immigrants infuse our society with energy, talent and renewed belief in our cherished institutions, the Constitution, the importance of an impartial justice system and participatory democracy," said Vartan Gregorian, President of Carnegie Corporation of New York. "Their vitality, resilience, determination and the vibrant diversity they offer, nourishes us all."
Gregorian added that the Public Agenda survey underscores immigrants' continued belief in the American dream and a commitment to the ideals of a successful, thriving and pluralistic society.
Public Agenda has identified five key findings compared with immigrants’ viewpoints in 2002:
1. Concerns about discrimination have held stable and views of federal immigration services have improved.
- Since 2002, there's been essentially no change in those who say there's discrimination against immigrants in the U.S. (62 percent say "some" or "a great deal").
- But far fewer immigrants overall say they've experienced much discrimination personally, with 25 percent reporting they've run into "some" or "a great deal." (a small but significant 4-point drop since 2002).
- Mexican and other Latin American immigrants are more likely than any other groups to say there's some or "a great deal" of discrimination against immigrants in the United States (75 percent of Mexicans and 72 percent of Central and South Americans). And though Mexicans are much more likely than other Latin Americans immigrants to say that there is at least some discrimination against people from their birth country, (73 percent of Mexicans, compared with 34 percent of Central and South Americans) they're no more likely to experience at least some discrimination personally (23 percent Mexican, compared with 26 percent of Central and South Americans).
- Muslim immigrants are less likely to say there's much discrimination against immigrants. Some 63 percent of Muslim immigrants say there is little or no discrimination against immigrants, compared with 32 percent of other immigrants.
- Since 2002, the number of people giving positive ratings to federal immigration officials rose to 58 percent from 48 percent among those who had dealings with them, and, of those who had dealings with immigration services within the past ten years, 58 percent say it is easy to get information about immigration and naturalization issues from the government, with 21 percent saying it’s "very easy."
- Among immigrants, the top reasons to become a citizen are "having equal rights and responsibilities" (80 percent) and the right to vote (78 percent).
- Yet there were significant increases in those who cite making it easier to get certain jobs (69 percent, up 14 points), to make it easier to travel (65 percent, up 14 points) and to qualify for government programs like Medicaid and food stamps (only 36 percent, the lowest on the scale, but still a 14-point increase from 2002).
- Half (52 percent) say it's "very hard" to get a job without knowing English, and a sizable number of immigrants (45 percent) came here without knowing the language. But they're aggressively trying to learn. Seven in ten immigrants who knew very little or no English when they came to the United States say they've taken English classes, up 23 points from 2002.
- Dissatisfaction with the economy may be driving one significant change from 2002. While an overwhelming 87 percent say they're happy with life in the U.S., the number who are "extremely happy" fell from 55 percent to 34 percent.
- Majorities rated the United States as better than their birth country for earning a good living (88 percent), having a trusted legal system (70 percent), making good health care available (67 percent), having a good education system (62 percent), being a good place to raise children (55 percent) and allowing free speech (55 percent).
- Seven in ten (71 percent) say they intend to make the United States their permanent home, and that given the chance they'd do it all over again (a nine-point decline from 2002).
- For more data on commitment, click here.
- Seventy-seven percent say they felt comfortable in the U.S. within five years, and nearly half say it took less than two years.
- The number of immigrants who say they call home at least once a week rose from 28 percent to 40 percent, perhaps due to improved telecommunications.
- Those who send money to the birth country "once in a while" increased 14 points, to 44 percent, while those who say they never send money fell from 55 percent to 37 percent.
- Seven in ten (72 percent) say that the government should offer a path to citizenship, i.e. a way for illegal immigrants with no criminal record and who have shown a commitment to the United States to become citizens.
- Some 84 percent support a guest worker program, and 61 percent strongly favor it.
- Mexicans are more likely to support a path to citizenship (84 percent), compared with only 62 percent of Middle Easterners, 54 percent of East Asians, and 48 percent of South Asians in favor. Support also declines as people grow older: 85 percent of 18 to 29-year-olds favor the path to citizenship, but only 56 percent of those 65 and older do.


Phosphorus, the 2nd of the 3 Macronutrients required for Healthy Plant Growth.
Scape P was developed to supply Phosphorus to the aquarium plants in the correct quantity.
By adding one pump (approximately 1ml) of Scape P per 50L of aquarium water on a daily basis, you will be supplying enough Phosphorus for your aquarium plants.
Plant growth will increase over time, and as your plant mass increases, you may increase your dosage of Scape P to keep up with your plants increasing demands.
Never dose more Phosphorus than Nitrates, as this will create an imbalance within the aquarium and could result in favorable growing conditions for pest algae such as Cyanobacteria.
If a deficiency should occur, your plants older leaves will have dead patches on them, as the plant tries to reabsorb the nutrient in the leaf. The older leaves will also yellow and you may find that they fall off rather easily. They will also be prime candidates for having Green Spot Algae growing on them. It is similar to a Nitrogen deficiency, but without the stunted, pale new growth.
To counter this problem, one should immediately carry out a 50% water change, ensuring that you remove the dead leaf matter from the bottom of the aquarium. Once the aquarium is filled again, you can begin dosing Scape P as per the instructions on the bottle.


5. Tunnel Mountain
The Tunnel Mountain has an elevation of approximately 5,551 feet and is located in the Bow River Valley in Alberta, Canada. Tunnel Mountain is almost entirely surrounded by the grounds of Banff Springs Hotel and the town of Banff. Indigenous people known as the Stoney initially named the mountain 'Sleeping Buffalo' because when viewed from the east and north it resembles a sleeping buffalo. Tunnel Mountain has become a favorite place for hiking due to its location. The mountain top offers an incredible view of the surrounding wilderness, the Bow Valley, and the town site.
4. Lake Agnes Tea House
Located on the eastern shores of Lake Agnes in Alberta, Lake Agnes Tea House is a tiny rustic tea house with an elevation of 7,005 feet. Lake Agnes Tea House was originally constructed by the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1901 to shelter hikers. However, the tea house started serving tea in 1905. Over the years, the tea house has been upgraded to accommodate more people due to increased demand. Lake Agnes Tea House offers more than 100 different types of teas and has been called Canada's oldest tea house. Supplies to the tea house have to be transported manually by the employees or air dropped from helicopters due to its remote location.
3. Johnston Canyon
Johnston Canyon is a large canyon that was formed through the process of erosion over many years. Johnston Creek is a tributary of the Bow River that cuts through limestone rocks to form walls of the canyon together with pools, tunnels, and waterfalls. Johnston Canyon features a favorite hiking trail leading up to a meadow located within the Johnston Valley. A popular activity during winter is ice climbing on the frozen waterfalls. There is also a tourist lodge found near the mouth of Johnston Creek.
2. Plain of Six Glaciers
The Plain of Six Glaciers is among the classic hikes found in Banff National Park. The Trail Hikes start at Chateau Lake Louise through the lakeshore and ascends to the Plain of Six Glaciers Tea House which was built in 1924 by Swiss guides. The hike features a fantastic view of the glaciers, mountains, and of Lake Louise.
1. Sulphur Mountain
Sulphur Mountain looks over the beautiful town of Banff. George Dawson had previously referred to the landform as Terrace Mountain in 1886, but in 1916, the landform was named Sulphur Mountain due to the hot springs located on its lower slopes. Sulphur Mountain has been of great scientific importance since 1903 when a meteorological observatory establishment was constructed on top of Sansone Peak. The Sulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray Station was built in the winter of 1956/1957 by the National Research Council for the study of cosmic rays. However, this facility was closed in 1978, and in 1981 the establishment was removed. The hot springs found on the lower slopes of the mountain are home to the endangered Banff Springs snail and the Banff longnose dace which is now extinct.


The core of Chinese Medicine has a long been associated with three basic tenets that maintain optimal health, the Three Pillars; Movement, Meditation, and Seasonal Nutrition
Movement is the active force in nature, we must have flow or movement in our lives. Many of us have professions that require us to sit for extended periods of time. This lack of movement can cause stagnation in our body resulting in many health related issues such as pain, fatigue, and depression.
We must move! this can be as simple as walking 15 to 20 minutes per day.
Some simple forms of movement are walking, yoga, tai qi, and qi gong.
Meditation or stillness is another important pillar in creating balance in our life.Meditation may be practiced for many reasons, such as to increase calmness and physical relaxation, to improve psychological balance, to cope with illness, or to enhance overall health and well-being.
A cross sectional survey research design study lead by Li Chuan Chu (2009), Chu demonstrated that benefits to the psychological state of the participants in the study arose from practicing meditation. Meditation enhances overall psychological health and preserves a positive attitude towards stress. (Chu, 2009)
Eating a seasonal diet means eating mostly fruits, vegetables and whole grains with the occasional local, organic piece of meat or cheese.
You can start eating seasonally by visiting your local farmer's market. As vegetables are shipped from around the world to our local supermarkets, they loose nutrients along the way. Eating produce that is grown and harvested in our local communities gives us food with a higher nutrient content than foods that are imported from other parts of the world. By visiting farmer's markets and choosing to purchase locally grown and harvested food, we get more nutrients and a wide variety of delicious foods.


Born Feb. 21, 1846, in the village of Ostředek, near Benešov; died Feb. 23, 1908, in Prague. Czech writer.
Čech graduated from the faculty of law of the University of Prague in 1869. From 1878 to 1899 he was an editor of the progressive journal Květy. He began writing in the 1860’s. In his verse anthologies Morning Songs (1887) and New Songs (1888) and the narrative poems The Songs of a Slave (1894) and The Mowers (1903), Čech criticized bourgeois society and praised the struggle of working people against oppression, expressing faith in their victory. His prose works include the satirical novella A New Amazing Excursion of Mr. Brouček, This Time Into the 15th Century (1888; Russian translation, 1953), in which Čech ridiculed the philistinism and unscrupulousness of the Czech bourgeoisie and glorified the heroic Hussite past. In the narrative poem The Steppe (1908) he hailed the Russian Revolution of 1905–07.
Čech’s works reveal romantic tendencies but are essentially realistic. They influenced the development of Czech democratic and revolutionary poetry.
WORKSSebrané spisy, vols. 1–30. Prague, 1899–1910.
Výbor z díla. Prague, 1950.
In Russian translation:
Izbr. Moscow, 1954.
REFERENCESKishkin, L. S. Svatopluk Chekh. Moscow, 1959.
Shmel’kova, I. A. Svatopluk Chekh: Biobibliograficheskii ukazatel’. Moscow, 1959.
Dějiny cěské literatury, vol. 3. Prague, 1961. Pages 277–93.