Scientists at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Sydney found the personalities of identical twins differ because different environmental influences are at work.
The research has implications for everyone, because it shows that environmental factors along with genetics play a role in determining who we are.
Led by Professor Susan Clark, researchers spent eight years studying teenage twins to find out why identical twins can be so different.
What they found is that while identical twins have the same genes, the biochemical reactions that turn those genes on and off are controlled by the environment.
“In this study of over 500 twins, we found that what we call the epigenome is altered in identical twins,” Professor Clark said.
“What this means is that even though the DNA sequence is identical, what is above that DNA sequence, the epigenome, chemical modifications to the DNA are actually subtly different between individuals.
“And we could see this clearly in the identical twins.”
Eamonn Hanna, 15, is an identical twin but that does not mean he shares the same personality as his brother Alexander.
“I prefer to play sport, but he prefers skating and he’s more into the dreads and the hippy kind of side of things, but I prefer looking good, feeling fresh,” Eamonn said.
“Very different. Very, very different. Alex is really loud and out there but I’m more quiet and still out there.”
Professor Clark says the research helps to answer the question of nature versus nurture.
“It’s clear that we are born without personalities, we’re born very much with the inheritance from our parents, but certainly these things can change with different environments,” she said.
The scientists still do not understand what triggers the biochemical reactions that modify genes.


Research Papers on The Iliad
In Homer’s Iliad, every decisive turn of events is engineered by the gods of Greek Literature. Whatever the warring mortals plan or execute, it is the will of the gods. As can be seen by several instances through out the Iliad, the Greeks and Trojans often become pawns in the hands of the gods. The gods, although often as bickering and petty as those they manipulate, control the fates and forces that will decide the course of the Trojan War.
In Fagles’ masterful translation of the Iliad, Book 1 is “The Rage of Achilles,” and from the very opening lines of the epic two ideas are set forth:
- The rage of Achilles will ultimately bring and destruction to countless men;
- The will of Zeus and the gods are manipulating the emotions of the mortals to set Achilles’ rage loose.
“The will of Zeus was moving towards its end,” Homer reveals, and then asks, “What god drove them to fight with such fury?”. The war, especially the final endgame that the Iliad describes, will be played out because of the gods, and not the men on the field.
Book 1 reveals that the start of this final chapter of the war opens with a plague among the Greeks. Agamemnon angers Apollo, and the god sweeps through the Greek camp. “Down he strode from Olympus’ peaks, storming at heart…the god quaked with rage…he cut them down in droves—and the corpse-fires burned on, night and day, no end in sight”. The plague causes Achilles to come out from his tent, and take up arms once again, only to quarrel with Agamemnon. By Book 9, the Greeks are in a “godsent Panic”. Agamemnon sends Ajax and Odysseus as an embassy to Achilles, to end their feud. Achilles is torn, still angered with Agamemnon, but caught in his pre-arranged destiny.
The Greek poet, Homer, wrote his epic, The Iliad, about warriors involved in the Trojan War which was fought over 3000 years ago, and the first sentence focuses attention on a man named Achilles who dominates the action. A man of extraordinary strength, Achilles is definitely the strongest warrior in the Greek army, and a tragic hero. At times, he demonstrates great integrity in difficult circumstances, yet fails his countrymen at other times when his emotions affect his actions.
The action of The Iliad starts after years of war between the Greeks and the Trojans. The weakness of the character of Achilles moves the action forward. Achilles’ emotions influence his actions when he is compelled by Agamemnon, the Greek king, to return a young maiden, Briseis, who has been given to him for his valiant efforts during the war. Angered by the actions of the king, Achilles refuses to continue to fight in the war. His anger colors his feelings which affect his actions and the fate of many of the Greek warriors. He seeks vengeance for the actions of the king and has no compassion for the innocent warriors who are affected. He shows his irresponsible reaction when he asks his mother, Thetis, to intervene with the Greek god Zeus, who she once helped, to bring defeat to his fellow Greeks.
...persuade him, somehow, to help the Trojan cause,
to pin the Achaeans back against their ships,
trap them round the bay and mow them down.
So all can reap the benefits of their king–.
The request of Achilles to his mother shows that he is a selfish man who would bring tragedy to others because of his own loss. Although the two armies had stopped the hostilities with a truce, Zeus responds to the request of Thetis and intervenes to lead the Trojans in battle against the Greeks.
Achilles who is so important to the Greek army refuses to fight with his army. His absence adversely affects the confidence and morale of his fellow Greeks and they suffer great losses in the battle. Although he feels some remorse that his side is losing, his pride keeps him from changing his stance to support them. Instead his young friend, Patroclus, in his armor with his shield, joins the battle. The Greek soldiers are emboldened by the apparent presence of Achilles and they fight more valiantly than before. Patroclus is killed in the battle fighting for the sulking Achilles who realizes the injustice when it is too late to save his friend.
Achilles burst out, despairing—‘since it was not my fate
to save my dearest comrade from his death! Look,
a world away from his fatherland he’s perished,
lacking me, my fighting strength, to defend him’
Achilles demonstrates that he is a vengeful man who is cruel to Hector and his family after he kills him. As Hector lies dying on the battlefield, Achilles filled with hatred because of the death of his friend, jeers at him and insists that his body remain on the battlefield to rot. He does not want the family to retrieve their relative to cremate his body with the accepted rituals of the time. This causes extreme agony for his family. The grieving Priam, the father of Hector, goes to Achilles to beg him to release the body of his son for burial and pays a ransom to retrieve the body of his son.
So when the maids had bathed and anointed the body
sleek with olive oil and wrapped it round and round
in a braided battle-shirt and handsome battle-cape,
then Achilles lifted Hector up in his own arms
and laid him down on a bier, and comrades helped him
raise the bier and body onto the sturdy wagon…”.
The behavior of Achilles shows him to be petulant, heartless and selfish which does not seem to paint him as a man of integrity and good character. However, in the times he lived, Achilles was respected by others because he was a brave and effective warrior when he chose to do his duty. Other characters in The Iliad, Paris, and his brother Hector show a contrast to Achilles that demonstrates the standards of the people at the time. Paris does not like the role of the warrior and avoids conflict whenever possible. His brother Hector proves to be a brave warrior when he battles against Achilles and has more respect like Achilles from the people at the time.


‘as one legend puts it’
By Historian: Mucho Blarney
Since Leprechauns always either wear hats or have long hair, only their wives–sworn to secrecy know if Leprechauns actually have pointed ears (or even pointed feet). It is rumored that Leprechauns may actually be Irish Elves. Their heritage is said by some to go way back many hundreds of years to a snowy day at the North Pole. On that day Santa winnowed out the green elves from the red elves because the green elves had an output of intestinal gases that far exceeded the red elves (probably from consuming large amounts of corned beef & cabbage). Santa got many letters asking why his elf-built toys sometimes had an unusual lingering aroma.
Being sneaky in character, where did the green elves now plan to go? Where else could ‘green’ elves go but to the ‘Emerald’ Isle! Once in Ireland they did not want anyone to know that they were elves so they called themselves Leprechauns and married the fair daughters of Irish men.
As the Leprechaun population vastly grew, they spread out across the face of the earth and became notorious for organizing festivities such as St. Patrick’s Day parades, Irish Fests, and Ceili’s. A large colony of these Leprechauns settled in east-central Wisconsin where today they are openly seen each year changing a town’s name to New Dublin for a week of elf-like festive merriment (and the consumption of large amounts of corned beef & cabbage). Another group settled in Milwaukee where they founded The Shamrock Club of Wisconsin and drink green beer. Still others settled in Chicago where they deviously dye the river green each March!


More than one function can be defined with the same SQL name, so long as the arguments they take are different. In other words, function names can be overloaded. When a query is executed, the server will determine which function to call from the data types and the number of the provided arguments. Overloading can also be used to simulate functions with a variable number of arguments, up to a finite maximum number.
When creating a family of overloaded functions, one should be careful not to create ambiguities. For instance, given the functions:
CREATE FUNCTION test(int, real) RETURNS ... CREATE FUNCTION test(smallint, double precision) RETURNS ...
it is not immediately clear which function would be called with some trivial input like test(1, 1.5). The currently implemented resolution rules are described in Chapter 10, but it is unwise to design a system that subtly relies on this behavior.
A function that takes a single argument of a composite type should generally not have the same name as any attribute (field) of that type. Recall that attribute(table) is considered equivalent to table.attribute. In the case that there is an ambiguity between a function on a composite type and an attribute of the composite type, the attribute will always be used. It is possible to override that choice by schema-qualifying the function name (that is, schema.func(table)) but it's better to avoid the problem by not choosing conflicting names.
Another possible conflict is between variadic and non-variadic functions. For instance, it is possible to create both foo(numeric) and foo(VARIADIC numeric). In this case it is unclear which one should be matched to a call providing a single numeric argument, such as foo(10.1). The rule is that the function appearing earlier in the search path is used, or if the two functions are in the same schema, the non-variadic one is preferred.
When overloading C-language functions, there is an additional constraint: The C name of each function in the family of overloaded functions must be different from the C names of all other functions, either internal or dynamically loaded. If this rule is violated, the behavior is not portable. You might get a run-time linker error, or one of the functions will get called (usually the internal one). The alternative form of the AS clause for the SQL CREATE FUNCTION command decouples the SQL function name from the function name in the C source code. For instance:
CREATE FUNCTION test(int) RETURNS int AS 'filename', 'test_1arg' LANGUAGE C; CREATE FUNCTION test(int, int) RETURNS int AS 'filename', 'test_2arg' LANGUAGE C;
The names of the C functions here reflect one of many possible conventions.
If you see anything in the documentation that is not correct, does not match your experience with the particular feature or requires further clarification, please use this form to report a documentation issue.


While the use of Blockchain may provide
transformative advantages over other technologies in some cases, they are not a panacea and do not magically solve every problem. Many publications, reports, and news articles focus primarily on the ‘pros’ (and occasionally exaggerate the positive impact
Blockchain technology can have) without mentioning or giving balanced attention to the ‘cons’. We believe it is important to understand the limitations of Blockchain technology, as well as the different trade-offs that arise as a result of different architecture
and design choices. Without a clear understanding of these trade-offs, it is impossible to know where Blockchain technology can be best applied, let alone whether it should be considered at all.
Debunking Common Myths
#1 MYTH: Blockchain is ‘trustless’
REALITY: Blockchain always requires some degree of trust. Although Blockchain may help reduce the need for trust, they do not completely remove the need for trust. At the bare minimum, trust must be placed in the underlying cryptography. In the case of a
permissioned network, trust must be placed in the operator(s) and/or the validators. If well configured, permissioned Blockchain is at best ‘trust-minimizing’ in the sense that they enable participants to independently validate transactions and verify the
state of the system.
#2 MYTH: Blockchain is immutable or ‘tamper-proof’
REALITY: Transactions on Blockchain network can be reversed by network participants under specific circumstances. Similar to ‘trustlessness’, absolute immutability does not exist. The illusion that Blockchain transactions are immutable stems from its append-only
data structure that suggests that data can only be added to, but not removed from the database. However, blocks comprising transactions can, in theory, be reversed if enough nodes decide to collude. Reversing transactions may be even easier with permissioned
Blockchain than public Blockchain, where colluding miners would at least need to spend computational power and/or cryptocurrency funds to do so. However, permissioned Blockchain actors are bound by legal contracts and agreements that are designed to dis-incentivize
collusion or other misbehavior. If ‘mining’ in a permissioned Blockchain is sufficiently decentralized across separate entities with different motivations, one can consider the Blockchain to be tamper-resistant.
#3 MYTH: Blockchain is 100% secure
REALITY: Blockchain is not automatically more secure than other systems. Blockchain employ cryptography for authentication, permission enforcement, integrity verification, and other areas. The mere application of cryptography, however, does not automatically
make the system more secure per se. The system may be more resilient as data storage and permissions are distributed, but compromising the private keys of some network participants could give attackers full access to the shared database, including the ability
to reverse transaction history. As a result, the management of private keys constitutes a crucial challenge. There is also the widely discussed “51% attack”, where malicious nodes can double spend or wreak other havoc on Blockchain.
#4 MYTH: Blockchain is ‘truth machine’
REALITY: GIGO (‘garbage in, garbage out’) applies to every Blockchain that uses non-native
digital assets and/or external data inputs. Blockchain is particularly well suited for the transfer of assets or data native to the respective Blockchain (e.g., Bitcoin). However, Blockchain cannot assess whether a given input from the ‘outside world’ is
accurate/true or not. If the input is inaccurate or wrong, the Blockchain will just treat it as any other input and consider all transfers involving the input as valid as long as certain conditions are met. This goes back to the first Blockchain myth of trustlessness:
if ‘off-chain’ assets or data sources are digitally represented on the Blockchain, a trusted third party is required to verify and guarantee the accuracy of the input when inserting it into Blockchain.


- Harbor seals have a well-developed sense of hearing, especially in the water.
- Research shows that under water, harbor seals respond to sounds from 1 to 180 kHz with a peak sensitivity of 32 kHz.
- In the air, hearing ability is greatly reduced; harbor seals respond to sounds from 1 to 22.5 kHz, with a peak sensitivity of 12 kHz. (The average hearing range for humans is 0.02 to 20 kHz.)
- Harbor seals have large eyes. Their vision under water is better than a human's, but inferior on land. Lenses are enlarged and almost round, adapted for focusing on light that is refracted upon entering water. The lenses are not as well-adapted for sight in air.
Harbor seals have large, round eyes that are adapted
for sight in dark and murky water.
- Harbor seals' eyes are adapted for sight in dark and murky water.
- Like the eyes of other pinnipeds, harbor seals' eyes contain high numbers of rod cells - photoreceptor cells that are sensitive to low light levels.
- Harbor seals have a well-developed tapetum lucidum, a layer of reflecting plates behind the retina. These plates act as mirrors to reflect light back through the retina a second time, increasing the light-gathering ability of the rod cells. (The tapetum lucidum is the same structure that makes a cat's eyes appear to "glow" when reflecting light at night.)
- Under water, the pupils dilate (expand) into a wide circle to let in as much light as possible. In bright light, the pupils constrict to a slit.
- Mucus continually washes over the eyes to protect them. Unlike most land mammals, pinnipeds lack a duct for draining eye fluids into the nasal passages. When a harbor seal is out of the water, mucus surrounding the eyes gives them a wet, "tear-rimmed" look.
- Good vision does not seem to be essential to harbor seal survival; scientists have found blind but otherwise healthy individuals, including mothers with pups, at sea.
- Harbor seals probably do not have color vision.
- A harbor seal uses its sensitive vibrissae to find food, especially in dark, deep waters, or at night. A substantial nerve system transmits tactile information from the vibrissae to the brain.
- Each vibrissa can move independently. Under water, a harbor seal thrusts its vibrissae to and fro in a sweeping movement by pushing its mobile upper lip in and out.
Harbor seals use their sensitive vibrissae collectively in a sweeping
movement and independently to sense their environment.
- Prey moving under water creates vibrations that the seal may detect with its vibrissae. Studies have shown that harbor seals are able to detect and follow the hydrodynamic wake of a miniature submarine by using their sensitive vibrissae to sense water movement. Hydrodynamic trail-following is probably a way for a seal to locate and catch fish in low visibility conditions.
- Little is known about a harbor seal's sense of taste.
- Researchers believe that harbor seals have an acute sense of smell on land. This sense may be important for mothers identifying their pups.


|This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013)|
The boards used are generally smaller than actual surfboards, and look more like snowboards or large skateboards. The attachment to the feet is normally made removable, so that if the skydiver loses control or has difficulty opening their parachute, the board can be jettisoned. Surf Flite was the first sky board company, copyrighted by Jerry Loftis (January 1, 1969 – August 12, 1998).
Skysurfing is a skill requiring considerable practice. The simplest skysurfing technique is to stand upright on the board during freefall, and tilt the nose of the board down to generate forward movement. However even this basic technique is a balancing act which experienced skydivers find tricky to learn. The extra drag of the board tends to upset the balance and make the skydiver flip over. The jumper must also learn to control the board and their body position so as to open the parachute in a stable configuration. More advanced aerobatics such as loops, rolls and helicopter spins, are more difficult still and are tackled once the basics have been mastered.
Because of the possibility of dropping the board, not every skydiving club permits skysurfing, and only a minority of skydivers have attempted this recent specialisation in the sport.
When a skysurfer is filmed by another skydiver falling alongside them, the resulting film gives the appearance that the skysurfer is riding on the air in the same way a surfer rides on a wave. The downward motion is not very apparent and this creates the illusion that a skysurfer is gliding on air currents like a sailplane or hang glider. In fact a skysurfer always falls at a high speed comparable to any other freefalling parachutist. The competitive discipline of skysurfing is a team sport consisting of a skysurfer and a camera flyer with a video camera.
The Sky Surf was invented by two French skydivers, Dominique Jacquet and Jean-Pascal Oron in 1986 but it became popular and gained recognition during the 1990s thanks to the efforts of the first few exponents to master the more complex aerobatics, such as the late Patrick de Gayardon and the late Jerry Loftis. The rise of skysurfing coincided with other new-age disciplines in skydiving, such as freestyle and freeflying. Freestyle skydiving is a balletic, mostly individual style which seeks to extend the sport beyond the traditional belly-to-earth flat position used by most skydivers who make formations with their bodies.
Freeflying is also a form of skydiving using a variety of body positions, such as head-down or feet-to-earth, while still building formations with others. These evolutions in skydiving have taken the sport further away from the traditional image of a daredevil stunt.
Skysurfing reached its peak in popularity in the late 1990s. Skysurfers were featured in prime time television commercials for major brands like Pepsi and AT&T. Competitive team skysurfing was featured as part of the ESPN X Games from 1995 to 2000. In 1996 and 1997, the SSI Pro Tour staged eight X-Trials qualifying events in both North America and Europe. During this six-year period, pro skysurf teams received a total of $392,000 in cash winnings and the discipline garnered over 100 hours of global TV exposure without incident. After ESPN decided not to renew the sport for the seventh season, skysurfing has become relatively rare in the skydiving community. Reasons for the decline include the rise in popularity of freeflying and wingsuit flying, the hazards associated with flying and releasing the board, and the dwindling number of experienced skysurfers to train new pilots.
Notable skysurf teams
- Rob Harris-Joe Jennings: Gold, 1995 Extreme Games
- Bob Greiner-Clif Burch: Gold, 1996 X Games II
- Troy Hartman-Vic Pappadato: Gold, 1997 X Games III
- Valery Rozov-Clif Burch: Gold, 1998 X Games IV
- Eric Fradet-Alex Iodice: Gold, 1999 X Games V
- Stefan Klaus-Brian Rogers: Gold, 2000 X Games VI.:)
- Patrick de Gayardon
- Jerry Loftis
- Stefan Klaus
- http://www.stefanklaus.com, 12/13/12, Homepage of Skysurfer Stefan Klaus


- this is part of the Basic English 850.
- You use this to show which thing or idea you are talking about. You use it when the thing or idea is close to you.
- This trip was a great idea.
- Which book is yours, this one or that one?
- The known thing.
- This man went to the door.
- The thing indicated.
- This is my hand.


Quarantine a new bird to lesses the risk of exposure to PDD to your other birds.
Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a gastrointestinal disease that affects a bird’s digestive system. It was previously referred to as “macaw wasting disease” because it was first identified in macaws before it was discovered to affect all parrots, and other birds. The disease attacks the nerves of a bird’s stomach, making it incapable of digesting food properly. The cause is unknown, but many veterinarians suspect a virus is behind this deadly disease.
Signs of PDD
“There are no symptoms that are specific to PDD. The symptoms are generalized and diagnosis is difficult,” said Dr. Greg Burkett, DVM, of the Birdie Boutique in North Carolina. While difficult to diagnose, common clinical signs of PDD include:
- Massive weight loss (even if your bird appears to have a healthy appetite)
- Undigested food in its droppings, crop impaction and regurgitation.
- Loss of balance
- Ataxia (loss of coordination of muscles; your bird may have difficulty perching)
Some signs are species-specific, according to Burkett. “In African greys I see polyuria and polydypsia; which means they pass large amounts of urine (the liquid part of the droppings) and they drink large amounts of water.”
If you see any of these signs in your bird, take it to an avian veterinarian immediately. In determining if a bird has PDD, Burkett said, “A vet needs to look at diagnostics such as radiographs, clinical symptoms and possibly, a crop biopsy.”
How To Prevent PDD
PDD is a disease that can spread and affect other birds that are exposed to it. Knowledge is crucial, so speak to your avian veterinarian about PDD on your bird’s next checkup. Know what signs to look for, and weigh your bird every day to make sure it is the ideal weight. If you get a new bird, quarantine it for 30 days from your other birds to lessen the risk of exposure to PDD. If you go to a bird meeting where other parrots are present, be well aware of the risk of your bird being exposed to PDD, or any other illness.


For the objective of this write-up, am most likely to think that you are a starting knitter and want to acquire knitting needles. You will certainly consider the various types of weaving needles and the numerous materials they are made of and also wonder which you need to purchase. This short article will help you make that decision by describing the kinds of needles and how they are utilized, and additionally the various residential or commercial properties of the products of which they are made.
All directions presume you are right-handed, or at the very least weaved as if you were right-handed.
These needles are straight, with a point at one end and also some kind of handle at the various others that protects against the stitches from sliding off the needle. These needles are bought in pairs. Knitting happens at the sharp ends. The stitches are on the needle held in the left hand, are knit making use of the factor of the needle in the right-hand man, and are slipped onto the ideal needle after knitting. The work is turned; the ideal needle comes to be the left needle, and more https://craftsmenxp.com/best-knitting-needles/.
Double-pointed needles depends come in two ranges; what are labeled double-pointed needles are reasonably short needles marketed in collections of 4 or 5 and as the name suggests, they have factors at each end.
Circular needles also have two factors, signed up with by a plastic cable.
Both types of needles are made use of for knitting in the round. The body is easily made up of various sizes of tubes, which offer they to round knitting. When weaving in this fashion, the job does not require to be turned; the thing is knit like a tube, whether it is a sock, mitten, glove, sweater, hat, et Since the reasonably current innovation of the circular needle, dpns are used mostly for tiny circular knitting tasks such as hand wear covers, mittens, socks, and any task such as a hat or sweater sleeve that is too little at some time to be weaved on a round needle.
How to pick your knitting needle material
Besides the obvious distinctions in cost between different kinds of knitting needles, there are different qualities integral in the products, such as the warmth of bamboo and also timber, the coolness of aluminum, glass, and steel, and the adaptability of plastic and casein. A starting knitter may be extra comfy with bamboo or wood needles that are smooth however not as slippery as various other substances, therefore making it much easier to keep the yarn on the needles. Learning how to regulate the knitting is generally a concern with novices, while extra experienced knitters typically like unsafe needles that allow for picking up some speed.


The Parma wallaby (Macropus parma) is the smallest of the macropus genus. It can grow up to 52 cm in length, with a tail about the same length. They weigh up to 5 kg. The Parma wallaby's fur is a grey-brown colour on the back with a dark stripe. It has a white stripe on its face, and a white belly.
In the late 1800s it was thought to be extinct. Parma wallabies had been introduced and established on Kauwau Island, New Zealand, where they were rediscovered in the 1960s. A lot of effort was made to capture and take the wallabies back to Australia. A small, wild group was found in Gosford, New South Wales in the 1970s by Eric Worrell from the Australian Reptile Park. Parma wallabies are officially listed as vulnerable because there are not many of them, they only live in small areas, and they are threatened by land clearing and other animals such as foxes.
References[change | change source]
- Department of Environment, Water, Heritage, and the Arts. Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes
- Australian Reptile Park. Eric Worrell.
- NSW Threatened Species. Department of Environment and Climate Change, NSW.
|Wikispecies has information on: Macropus parma.|


World’s Poorest, Living on $1, Get Hypothetical Help in Survey
Wednesday, August 22, 2007
How many people in the world live on less than $1 a day?
When U.S. workers in an online survey answered that question, 23 percent correctly said 1 billion people or more.
The survey, sponsored by the nonprofit group Millennium Promise, gathered information from 6,823 employees at U.S. companies and released the results today. Millennium Promise was founded by the economist Jeffrey D. Sachs to help ease extreme poverty in African villages.
Sixty percent of the survey’s respondents named Africa as the continent most in need of corporate philanthropy, twice the number who picked North America. Seventy-two percent said they would want their employer to help people who live in extreme poverty if the company has “the resources to help.’’
“The survey is wonderful news,’’ Sachs, a professor of international affairs at Columbia University in New York, said in a statement. “American workers believe it’s important for their companies to contribute to solving global problems, especially in Africa.’’
Yet 27 percent of those surveyed said their companies shouldn’t devote resources to fighting poverty around the globe. The most common argument, cited by 52 percent of those dissenters, was that U.S. companies should focus their philanthropy on alleviating problems in America.
Sachs created Millennium Promise in 2004 to support the United Nations in its effort to achieve eight anti-poverty “Millennium Development Goals’’ in Africa by 2015. Sachs was director of the UN project from 2002 to 2006 and is now a special adviser to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.
Sachs’s group has a goal of ending extreme poverty worldwide by 2025, while the UN Millennium Development project seeks to cut in half the number of people living on less than a dollar a day, a common measure of extreme poverty, by 2015.
Continue reading “World’s Poorest, Living on $1, Get Hypothetical Help in Survey“


It wasn’t soon after a 15-year-old student arrived at Rising Ground’s Biondi Middle and High School on the Leake & Watts campus in Yonkers that educators learned that he was bullied incessantly at his former school.
What was particularly traumatic for the teenage boy was that staff at the former school actually witnessed this and did nothing. He became withdrawn, depressed and tried to avoid attending school.
At Rising Ground’s Biondi Education Center, we work with students with emotional, behavioral, and intellectual challenges — characteristics that historically increase their chances of being targeted. Our goal is to have a bully-free campus.
As a result of our efforts, we’ve seen a sharp decline in incidents of bullying. But, like most schools in this country, these struggles for our students and teachers are constant. Bullying has become a crisis in America and is one of the underlying factors in so many tragic events, such as school shootings facing our communities across the country.
Victims of bullying are called names, made fun of, have been the subject of rumors, or physically assaulted, threatened or spat on, among any number of other forms of intimidation and embarrassment — either in person or online (known as cyberbullying).
Children who have developmental, emotional and learning disabilities, emotional disorders or who identify as LGBTQ (or are perceived to be) are at even greater risk.
For far too many children and teenagers in this country, bullying often leads to anxiety, depression, poor academic performance, ill health and far more serious consequences such as violence against others or even suicide.
According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 20.8 percent of all students report being bullied. Among high school students, 15.5 percent are cyberbullied and 20.2 percent are bullied on school property; 74.1 percent of LGBTQ students are bullied because of their orientation or gender expression.
Students who are bullied or bully others are more likely to report high levels of suicide-related behavior. So, creating a safe environment is necessary for any child to succeed, and it starts with giving students a voice. Regardless of the scenario, those who have been threatened, often end up bullying others. It’s a vicious cycle.
At the Biondi Middle and High School we are employing a multifaceted approach to disrupt that cycle and address the challenges head on. It includes:
• Acting immediately: When a matter is reported, we deal with it swiftly by involving the students, teachers, trained professionals and parents. Too often, parents aren’t even aware of their child’s aggressive behavior.
• Bringing students together: In forming a student-led Bullying Prevention Committee, peers convene with trauma-informed counselors and teachers in a group setting on a weekly basis. They share their thoughts, express their feelings and learn to empathize with each other and then model the behavior to other students.
• Spirit Week: We organize activities focused on bully prevention and intervention and provide students with information, support and means of coping, preventing and reporting incidents.
• Acts of Kindness: We encourage students to focus on simple gestures, such as saying hello, thank you and offering praise to their peers. Basic acts of kindness go a long way in preventing disrespectful behavior.
• The Box: Students are encouraged to put a note in a box where staff addresses their concerns immediately.
• The Inspiration Tree: Kids leave encouraging messages on an artistic tree such as “Be a buddy, not a bully,” “Be kind, it’s free,” and “Together we can make a difference.” It a simple reminder for all to see.
• Rewards system: Students are recognized for their good deeds and rewarded in points that can be used to gain privileges and make purchases in the school store.
In all of our approaches, we work closely with teachers, licensed psychologists, social workers, crisis intervention therapists, parents, and students — and focus on building student strengths, encouraging positive behaviors.
Evidence shows that when schools have prevention programs in place, instances of bullying go down by as much as 25 percent. Even more eye opening is when a peer intervenes on behalf of the victim, nearly 60 percent of incidents cease almost immediately, according to figures collected by PACER’s National Bullying Prevention Center.
Angela White is superintendent of schools for Rising Ground and the elementary, middle and high schools at the Carol and Frank Biondi Education Center in Yonkers.


With fiber experiencing its highest demand ever, community broadband initiatives are popping up all over the country in an effort to bring the highest-speed broadband to communities that need it most. And while many large cities have already been chosen by the major players such as Google Fiber for expansion, smaller communities in rural areas face unique challenges when trying to get fiber out to the rural heartland of America. But for many rural Americans, terms like broadband, fiber, bandwidth and telecom are a foreign jumble of high-tech jargon that can be confusing. What is fiber and why is it so valuable? Why can’t fiber be easily deployed to rural America?
In this post, we’ll break down the different methods of deliver for Internet broadband, common hurdles faced when physically deploying fiber, the need for high-speed Internet in rural America and solutions for getting fiber out to rural America.
Methods for Delivery
Many Internet consumers may not realize that broadband, aka high-speed Internet access, requires a physical infrastructure that needs to be planned, permitted and built out similar to our roadway and transportation systems in order to operate. The Internet may be something we think of as “the Cloud” but it requires real brick and mortar buildings, towers and infrastructure to function. Generally speaking, there are three main types of modalities that broadband can be transmitted by:
- Copper- this modality involves using a twisted pair of copper telephone wire to deliver the connection. Because of its excellent electrical conductor properties, this delivery method was used primarily when the original telephone infrastructures were being built and is still the most common modality method today. Copper does have disadvantages as the bandwidth it can offer is very limiting; however, it was largely built out to rural America during the telephone era so it’s infrastructure is largely in place already.
- Fiber Optics- this transmission of information occurs by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber made of plastic or glass. Fiber is the preferred method for solutions running long distances and needing high bandwidth. Fiber has many advantages to copper wiring but it’s most important one is speed. Photons travel at the speed of light, whereas electrons that are used in copper wiring generally travel at less than one percent speed of light. Fiber optics also experience less signal loss than copper, are impervious to electromagnetic interference and do not break easily, unlike their copper counterparts.
- Wireless- wireless transmission is when the transfer of information occurs between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor. This method is most commonly and widely used with mobile phones and enclosed spaces such as buildings or campuses. The major downside to wireless networks is that wireless signals degrade with distance; therefore, the further away the consumer is from the broadcast station, the weaker the signal.
Even with multiple methods to deliver Internet networks, there are many obstacles and hurdles that service providers must overcome in order to deploy high-speed broadband, particularly fiber, to rural areas across the country.
- Low population density- this is a critical reason why most service providers choose not to build out infrastructure, especially fiber, to rural America: there just aren’t enough people available to pay for the service. Service providers need enough consumers to purchase the product after installation is complete and many times small towns can’t support the business model. Fiber projects are very expensive investments for service providers to gamble on and many times it simply isn’t profitable to pursue them.
- Topographical barriers- mountains, rivers and lakes can make for scenic landscapes but when it comes to deploying broadband they pose significant hurdles. Trenching to lay infrastructure on a straight, flat road already comes with its challenges, and when adding in topographic barriers these challenges grow exponentially.
- Permitting- local, state and federal governments require specific permits to modify or add infrastructure through extensive processes which can take years.
- Weather- Climate and local weather cause construction delays prolonging the installation.
- Greater geographic distances- Rural areas are generally further away from large-scale resources, making it difficult to organize necessary parts of the project which translates into high costs for the service provider.
Need for Broadband
In 2017, high-speed internet is no longer a luxury, it is a necessity. Broadband access enhances educational opportunities at every stage, drives economic growth, creates jobs, is a fundamental aspect of the modern economy and as crucial as other physical infrastructure like our roads, bridges, drinking water and sewer systems.
But the need for high-speed broadband is still unmet. According to the 2016 Broadband Access Report conducted by the FCC, 55 million Americans do not have access to high-speed Internet (broadband is defined as 25Mbps download/3Mbps speeds). The digital divide is also disproportionately hurting rural Americans:
The 2015 report finds that … 17 percent of the population lack access to advanced broadband. Moreover, a significant digital divide remains between urban and rural America: Over half of all rural Americans lack access to 25 Mbps/3 Mbps service.
Solutions for the Future
One way to achieve fiber build out to these areas facing tough challenges is through community broadband initiatives, a mix of public and private fiber ownership and usage. While there are many federal funding programs to assist with these initiatives such as the USDA’s Community Connect Grants and the NTIA’s Broadband Technology Opportunities Program (BTOP), we at TeleQuality have found that working closely with the communities is critical to achieving a fiber buildout. Community education, creating partnerships with community organizations and anchor institutions such as schools, libraries, and healthcare facilities, and buy-in about the potential benefits for everyone is needed for fiber build-out success. Many times if a company simply brings fiber to the area, they will open it up to the city, business and homes which can attract new jobs and economic opportunities from close urban areas. There are a variety of ways that public and private entities can set up community broadband; therefore, it’s important that cities work collaboratively to achieve the best sustainable solution for their community that will continue to be profitable beyond the initial project period.
At TeleQuality, we recently completed two fiber projects in West Virginia and Texas and one of our initiatives is to promote and push for broadband expansion into rural America. It shouldn’t matter where you live; high-speed Internet is essential for the 21st century.


Female macroptera. Body yellow with light brown markings on head and thorax; legs yellow, tergites brown medially; antennal segment I yellow, II–VIII uniformly brown to dark brown; fore wings and clavus uniformly brown. Antennae 8-segmented; segment I with paired dorso-apical setae; segments III–IV distal third narrowed and weakly neck-like, sensoria forked. Head slightly wider than long; eyes with five pigmented facets; 3 pairs of ocellar setae, pair III long, between posterior ocelli. Pronotum with 2 pairs of long posteroangular setae, two pairs of posteromarginal setae. Mesonotum without campaniform sensilla anteromedially; median pair of setae near posterior margin. Metanotum irregularly reticulate medially; median setal pair near anterior margin, no campaniform sensilla. Meso and metafurca with well developed spinula. Fore wing with 2 setae on distal half, near apex; clavus with 5 veinal and 1 discal setae. Abdominal tergites without ctenidia and craspeda; with numerous ciliate microtrichia on lines of sculpture; tergites II–VII with microtrichial comb laterally, VIII with complete long, fine comb. Sternites without discal setae.
Male macroptera. Similar to female but smaller; Antennae 8-segmented, segment VI more than 1.0 times as long as combined length of I–V, with numerous long setae and without microtrichia; sternites with 1–4 discal setae, but without pore plates.
The genus Mycterothrips, with 27 species worldwide, is primarily Holarctic, but with several species occurring in the Old World tropics including Australia. Several species in the genus have antennae that exhibit remarkable sexual dimorphism. In M. nilgiriensis males have antennal segment VI longer than the total length of segments I–V, but females are difficult to distinguish from M. desleyae (Masumoto & Okajima, 2006).
India, Nepal, Taiwan, Australia.
New South Wales, Queensland.
Feeding on leaves and flowers.
Mycterothrips nilgiriensis (Ananthakrishnan, 1960)
Masumoto M & Okajima S. 2006. A revision of and key to the world species of Mycterothrips Trybom (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) Zootaxa 1261: 1–90.


• Databases: Collection of electronically-stored descriptive records or content units (including facts, full texts, pictures and sound) with a common user interface and software for information retrieval or data manipulation. • Electronic books (e-Books): Digitized documents, licensed or not, where searchable text is prevalent and can be seen in analogy to a print book (monograph). • Electronic serials: These are serials published in electronic form only or in both electronic and another format. They comprise serials held locally and remote resources for which access rights have been acquired, at least for a certain period of time. Open-access journals (free Internet resources) are excluded. For the purpose of statistical reporting, please count the number of educational institutions with repositories of their own scientific electronic collections; regular subscriptions (paid or free of charge); or purchased licenses to scientific electronic journals, databases and other digital documents.
Statistical unit of the Ministry of Education or, alternatively, national statistical office.
Adapted from ISO 2789: Information and Documentation – International Library Statistics, 4th ed.


Q: I have several ‘George L. Taber’ azaleas. In winter, their leaves turn yellow, then slowly to brown, and then they drop off the plant. This is happening to all of the plants. I don’t think they need water as we have had several good rains in the past few weeks.
A: Some Oriental azalea varieties are not totally evergreen, they are only semi-evergreen. Depending on temperature and weather events they may drop up to three-quarters of their leaves in winter.
Typically the leaves produced in spring, i.e. those growing several inches below the branch tips, are most likely to drop. Leaves produced in summer are tougher and less likely to fall.
If the leaves at the tips of the branches are green but only the lower leaves are dropping, your azaleas are behaving naturally.
On the other hand, if ALL of the leaves on an azalea are yellow and dropping I might suspect it is growing in a poorly drained site and root rot has occurred.


CBSE Class 8 Science Combustion and Flame
- How can we control fire. Write your answer in 50 words.
- Why is soda-fire extinguisher not used to extinguish fire caused by electricity?
- Why is water poured on wood to extinguish burning wood?
- What can we do to cut off the supply of air to a burning substance?
- Why is water not used to control fire produced by burning petrol and oil?
- What should be done to control fire due to oils?
- How does carbon dioxide help in putting off fire?
- (a) What substances are used to extinguish fire? (b) What should we use to extinguish fire in case of electric short circuit? (c) What cannot be used to control fire due to oils?
- (a) Name different types of fire extinguishers. (b) Why is blanket used to wrap around a person who has caught fire?
- (a) Why soda-acid fire extinguisher is not successful in controlling fire caused due to burning oils? (b) How does a soda-acid fire extinguisher work?
Queries asked on Sunday & after 7 pm from Monday to Saturday will be answered after 12 pm the next working day.


One of the trendy ideas municipal governments across the nation have been experimenting with is providing low-cost citywide wireless access to the Internet. Because results have been mixed, it’s no surprise the L.A.-area Wi-Fi proposals have not advanced too far in recent years.
Neither the Metropolitan Transportation Authority nor the five-county Metrolink system has been able to lure a wireless provider to offer Wi-Fi on subway or train service for commuters. Negative public attitudes about mass transit may explain why that’s the case. And a city of L.A. initiative to create a citywide Wi-Fi system lost steam after Earthlink decided to pull out.
L.A.’s proposal wisely attempted to avoid committing taxpayer dollars to the project, which aimed to grant a wireless technology provider access to public right-of-ways. In return, the provider would foot the bill for installing the network. But apparently Earthlink wasn’t convinced it could make enough money on subscriptions using this model.
A big part of the problem with such ideas for public-private partnerships is rapidly changing technology. What if satellite wireless providers can provide competitive service in the years ahead without the need for extensive ground-based systems?
Critics also point out that there’s little need for government to get involved because high-speed Internet access has been expanding rapidly in urban areas in recent years. In short, the market may be poised to offer low-cost options without the help of public agencies and their centralized planning.
The argument that municipal Wi-Fi systems are needed to help low-income residents is also questionable. Wi-Fi, of course, is most useful for laptop owners. If a person has the money to purchase a laptop and the equipment needed to receive wireless signals, why can’t he pay for his own Wi-Fi connection? According to the Pew Internet and American Life Project, the companies that cater to low-end broadband users are finding a profitable, expanding market.
Such trends argue that the city of L.A. and other public agencies in the region might do well to pull the plug on their Wi-Fi initiatives for the time being. Their time and resources would be better spent concentrating on core public-policy initiatives, such as reducing gang violence, improving the transportation system and doing a better job of providing other basic services to residents.


Women’s Importance Through Yoga’s History
Written by AYC Instructor, Sierra Hollister
We all know that a regular yoga practice offers multiple benefits for the body, mind and spirit. These benefits include increased flexibility, enhanced physical strength, clarity and calm for the mind, better circulation and so much more.
For women specifically, yoga can support wellness through every stage of life, from child to child-bearing years, prenatal and postnatal, and beyond. Of all the yoga’s offered, Kundalini Yoga in particular has rich, deep and specific teachings for those that identify as women. The man who brought the teachings of Kundalini to the United States, Yogi Bhajan, was incredibly inspired by women, beginning with his mother and grandmother. More than half of the legacy of teachings that Yogi Bhajan shared were dedicated to spreading the ancient sacred teachings of yoga with women specifically. The motivation to reach women with these teachings was based on his deep belief that the world would never know harmony or peace until women had their rightful place of recognition and respect in the world.
According to the teachings of Kundalini, “Woman is the embodiment of God’s creative power, Shakti. Woman embodies the feminine aspect of God, through which the world was created. That primal power is called the Adi Shakti and has been worshipped for centuries in the form of various goddesses. Every woman has that divine goddess power in her own being, waiting to be recognized.”
While students of Kundalini are immersed in this rich understanding of the role and power of women, many more students in this country are told that as far as women and yoga go, the history is recent. This story has been created by western teachers and unfortunately, yet somewhat reliably, centers a white woman, Eugenie Peterson, as one of the first women to practice yoga. Eugenie Peterson went on to be known as Indra Devi, and while Indra Devi did contribute greatly to the story of yoga in this country, by no means was she the first woman to practice yoga.
Feminist artist, scholar and teacher, Vicki Noble, suggests that women invented the practice of yoga. Noble’s research proposes that there was a widespread female-centered yoga practice dating all the way back to the Paleolithic and Neolithic ages. This early yoga was ritual based and celebrated the blood mysteries of women, birth, healing and death. Graduate student Agi Wittich points to archeological findings that suggest women were a significant part of spiritual life all the way back to the earliest evidence of classical yoga – the Paśupati Seal, dated to 2500 BCE. As support for this thesis, Gates Janica, California Yoga Research and Education Center faculty, says, “women’s inclusion in rituals was considered auspicious, even necessary for the presence of the divine, and women were positively associated with fertility, growth, abundance, and prosperity.” Gates goes on to point out that there are numerous references in the Vedas to female scholars, teachers, mystics, priestesses, and philosophers and as many as twenty-seven female sages.”
Wittich continues to point out in her paper, “Yoga and Women: A Possible History,” that later texts, ones that many of us are much more familiar with, including several of the Upaniṣads and the Mahābhārata, mention wise spiritual women and go so far as to define some as “yoginis”.
Local tantric scholar Ramesh Bjonnes writes that “women have been gurus, healers, yoginis and goddesses since the beginning of time.”
All of which to say, isn’t it time that we stop centering Indra Devi in the story of women and yoga and reach back through time, as yoga itself does? Not only does it feel more powerful to acknowledge that women, especially dark-skinned women, have been practicing, shaping and creating yoga for as long as yoga has been around, but it is also true and gives yoga back its roots and truth.
The practice of yoga, for women by women, is deep, profound and a celebration of the nature of women, our monthly cycles as well as our life cycles. By practicing this way, we open ourselves to the flow of energy rather than achievement of a posture. The journey, rituals and experience of the practice, rather than the physicality of the practice, are paramount.
More than anything, we understand that yoga is who we are, rather than what we do.
If you’d like to learn more about women’s role in yoga, here are a few resources for you.
Sierra Hollister offers a weekend immersion each year for women that wish to understand more about their unique yogic path, “The Moon Path” at Asheville Yoga Center. Dates this year are April 26-28. If you’d like to attend this weekend workshop, please click here to register.
Sierra will be offering a “Rejuvenation Meditation with Gong” workshop on March 22. This evening will be comprised of some gentle movement, breathwork and then meditation with the gong. If you’d like to attend, please register here.
Sierra also teaches Gentle Kundalini on Mondays at 10am and HOT Kundalini Flow on Thursdays at 7pm.


Optical fiber is used for many applications in almost every industry. Most common application is within cabled structures that are used for transmission of light or data. Many of us know that fibers are used for the internet communication network but optical fibers are also used in industrial welding application to cut steel for building cars, medical applications where fibers are used for light transmission in endoscopes and removement of artery plaque, kidney stone removal etc.
Due to the continuous development of light source and detection methodes we see more and more new applications where detection of materials, gasses, temperatures, pressures, stress, vibration etc is achieved by optics. Optical fibers are usually the extension media between light source and detector.
What makes optical fiber that special is often asked. We know that an optical fiber is composed of a very thin glass rod. The glass rod contains two parts, the core and the surrounding layer (cladding). By melting the glass rod in a draw tower, the optical fiber is extruded. By using different techniques in the manufacturing process of the glass rod, manufacturers are able to extrude fibers with different characteristics for their specific application.
How does it work ? In most applications light is injected into the core of the glass fiber and follows the physical patch of the fiber due to the internal reflection between the core/cladding edge which acts as a mirror. When the fiber core is smaller in diameter, less of core/cladding reflection will occur allowing the light to transport more in a single mode (often compared with a tunnel vision). This allows faster transmission rates. With larger core fiber there is more reflections and dispersion however it offers other advantage transmission density and less of mechanical alignment precision on light source and detector.
Follow Erwin @FiberExprtsFOC
- Navigating IEC standards for MT/MPO measurements using interferometry - March 8, 2016
- Laser vs Mechanical Cleaving MT/Single Fiber Roadshow - March 3, 2016
- Polishers: Discussion on Expense and Top Technology - January 11, 2016
- Noticing a large epoxy ring with visual inspection - September 4, 2015
- Optical Fiber - May 28, 2015


Published with Permission by:
Lint, James R., “Potential Worst-Case Scenarios from North Korea’s Nuclear Threat”, In Homeland Security, 19 Sept. 2017, Web, http://inhomelandsecurity.com/will-say-north-korea-situation-2021/
Correctly anticipating attacks is a difficult science. Years after Pearl Harbor, historians and academics still study why we were so surprised by the Japanese attack on our largest Pacific naval base.
All Events Have Indicators and Warnings
On July 26, 1941, about five months before Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the United States, which effectively ended commercial relations between the two nations. A week later, Roosevelt placed an embargo on oil exports to Japan. This action followed a string of other sanctions placed on Japan for its military aggression in Asia.
Similarly, the Korean War began in 1950 when North Korean troops invaded South Korea. We entered the Korean War at a time when U.S. military strength was at a much lower level than it was five years earlier at the end of World War II. When the North Koreans built up their troop strength, the U.S. and South Korea should have increased their troop strength and defenses to prevent the surprise attack that came on an early morning.
In addition, we remember the 9/11 attacks and how we later discovered that the terrorists attended flight schools in the U.S. We should have anticipated potential trouble when we discovered that those pilot terrorists were more interested in learning takeoffs than landings.
Foreign Policy Magazine stated: “Thinking about risks we face today, we should reflect on the major conclusion of the bipartisan 9/11 Commission established to investigate that catastrophe. The U.S. national security establishment’s principal failure prior to September 11, 2001, was, the commission found, a ‘failure of imagination.’”
Unfortunately, indications and warnings (I&W) are always clearer after an event.
How Should We Interpret North Korea’s Launch of a Potentially Nuclear Missile?
On July 4, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un launched an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) which he said could carry a nuclear warhead. Launching the missile on America’s Independence Day was a strategic message to the United States from North Korea.
According to Newsweek magazine, Kim said, “the test should be considered retribution for the U.S.’s ‘arrogant’ decisions, ‘hostile policies’ and ‘nuclear threats.’ With a smile on his face, Kim also called on his officials to ‘frequently send large and small “gift packages” to the Yankees.’”
On September 16, Kim said there will be more missile tests in North Korea. The New York Times reported Kim as saying “all future drills should be ‘meaningful and practical ones for increasing the combat power of the nuclear force’ to establish an order in the deployment of nuclear warheads for ‘actual war.’”
Two days earlier, the Washington Post reported, “U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson pressed China to cut oil exports in a bid to prod North Korea toward talks after Kim Jong Un’s regime threatened to sink Japan ‘into the sea’ with a nuclear strike and turn the U.S. into ‘ashes and darkness’ for agreeing to the latest UN sanctions.”
The Post continued, “In comments reflecting North Korea’s penchant for apocalyptic rhetoric, the state-run Korean Central News Agency [KCNA] said, ‘Japan is no longer needed to exist near us.’ Citing a statement by the Korea Asia-Pacific Peace Committee, KCNA said, ‘The four islands of the archipelago should be sunken into the sea by the nuclear bomb of Juche,’ a reference to the regime’s ideology of self-reliance.”
KCNA labeled South Korea’s military as “puppet forces.” It then blamed the South Korean “traitors and dogs of the U.S. for backing sanctions against their fellow countrymen.” According to the Post, KCNA added that the “group of pro-American traitors should be severely punished and wiped out with fire attack so that they could no longer survive.”
Pyongyang’s latest verbal assaults come while South Korea is considering providing $8 million in humanitarian aid to North Korea.
Do All of Kim’s Warnings Constitute Indications of a Potential Attack By North Korea?
When Kim stated in 2015 that he was ready to detonate an A-bomb and an H-bomb, few people believed him. But in 2017, Kim did precisely what he promised. Maybe people should have believed his statements.
So what will the U.S., Japan and South Korea do regarding Kim’s actions in 2017? Have they had enough indicators and warnings?
Will We Wonder in 2021 Why No One Saw the Loss of an American City?
Will we look back in 2021 at Kim’s statements over the years and wonder why no one foresaw the loss of an American city to North Korea’s nuclear weapons? In retrospect, most people in 2021 will probably see that we received plenty of warnings.
Kim’s warnings were credible because Kim said he would have ICBMs and he does. Kim said North Korea would soon have an atomic bomb and it does.
Kim also said North Korea would have a hydrogen bomb, and he has demonstrated that claim is also true. Kim seems to speak the truth.
The military often produces After Action Reports (AARs) or reviews of recent exercises or tests. They do so to look for lessons learned and to improve U.S. capabilities.
This AAR was conducted before the problem occurred to aid in predicting and analyzing the future and to prevent a disastrous AAR in 2021.
What we might see in 2021 AARs will be more of Kim’s claims about his nuclear capability and his intent to destroy other areas of the globe. Hopefully, it will be nothing more than that.
About the Author
James R. Lint recently retired as the (GG-15) civilian director for intelligence and security, G2, U.S. Army Communications Electronics Command. He is an adjunct professor at AMU. James has been involved in cyberespionage events from just after the turn of the century in Korea supporting 1st Signal Brigade to the DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis as the first government cyber intelligence analyst. He has 38 years of experience in military intelligence with the U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Army, government contracting and civil service.
Additionally, James started the Lint Center for National Security Studies, a nonprofit charity that recently awarded its 45th scholarship for national security students and professionals. James was also elected as the 2015 national vice president for the Military Intelligence Corps Association. He has also served in the Department of Energy’s S&S Security Office after his active military career in the Marine Corps for seven years and 14 years in the Army. His military assignments include South Korea, Germany and Cuba, in addition to numerous CONUS locations. In 2017, he was appointed to the position of Adjutant for The American Legion, China Post 1. James has authored a book published in 2013, “Leadership and Management Lessons Learned,” a book published in 2016 “8 Eyes on Korea, A Travel Perspective of Seoul, Korea,” and a new book in 2017 “Secrets to Getting a Federal Government Job.”


Q. Will my daffodils survive these freezes, or can I make them stronger? How do I prevent this damage?
A. Daffodils are one of the first and cheeriest signs of spring, but our erratic weather is always a threat. Weeks of warm weather can push flowers out of the ground too soon, then low temps can damage them. Whether a daffodil can survive a freeze depends on many variables.
Warm soil temperatures can protect the plant for short freezes. A warm exposure can keep it from freezing even with lower temps, and an early stage of development may protect the emerging flower.
Gardeners can avert disasters caused by untimely freezes by arranging mulch over fairly short emerging stems. Or by placing black plastic plant pots over clumps of daffodils or laying freeze cloth or a handy sheet over large areas and hoping for the best.
However, if deep, long or devastating freezes arrive when plants are in almost full bloom, there is not much any gardener can do.
You can harvest the almost-open flowers before the freeze and bring them in to enjoy in a vase. If the freeze is unexpected, and you have no time to cover the plants, you must deal with the damage problems. A squishy-stemmed, wilted flower needs some surgery. Cut off the stem, clip back damaged foliage and allow your daffodils to recover.
When you remove damaged buds and foliage, you remove the possibility of fungus and rot. The remaining leaves will continue to grow and sustain the bulb. As leaves mature and danger of frost is over, you can fertilize with granulated fertilizer, bone meal or blood meal. You want the foliage to be strong and healthy. Hopefully, the bulb will be healthy below ground and will produce flowers next year.
If this happens every year for you, check your bulb catalogs for later blooming type daffodils since you may be in a cold pocket.


An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2016
The name Raffin arrived in England after the Norman Conquest of 1066. The name Raffin comes from the Old English given name Raven. This name is a variation of the Old English word Hroefn, which indicated the large black bird we now call the raven, and was sometimes used as a nickname for someone with very dark hair.
Endless spelling variations are a prevailing characteristic of Norman surnames. Old and Middle English lacked any definite spelling rules, and the introduction of Norman French added an unfamiliar ingredient to the English linguistic stew. French and Latin, the languages of the court, also influenced spellings. Finally, Medieval scribes generally spelled words according to how they sounded, so one person was often referred to by different spellings in different documents. The name has been spelled Raven, Ravens and others.
First found in Leicestershire where they held a family seat from very early times and were granted lands by Duke William of Normandy, their liege Lord, for their distinguished assistance at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 A.D.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Raffin research. Another 200 words (14 lines of text) covering the year 1086 is included under the topic Early Raffin History in all our PDF Extended History products.
More information is included under the topic Early Raffin Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
To escape the political and religious persecution within England at the time, many English families left for the various British colonies abroad. The voyage was extremely difficult, though, and the cramped, dank ships caused many to arrive in the New World diseased and starving. But for those who made it, the trip was most often worth it. Many of the families who arrived went on to make valuable contributions to the emerging nations of Canada and the United States. An inquiry into the early roots of North American families reveals a number of immigrants bearing the name Raffin or a variant listed above:
Raffin Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
Raffin Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
The Raffin Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Raffin Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 11 December 2011 at 10:28.


According to various studies quoted by the American College of Prosthodontists, approximately 40 million Americans are missing all their permanent teeth. Edentulism, or the condition of being entirely toothless, is a serious problem for older Americans, especially those over the age of 65. This is because edentulism causes a variety of complications including: inadequate nutrition, obesity, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and some forms of cancer.
In order to avoid the complications that accompany complete edentulism, many toothless patients seek out tooth replacement options such as traditional or fixed dentures. Traditional dentures are composed of fake teeth attached to a resin base designed to mimic the appearance of gum tissue. The base of traditional dentures is made to fit over the gums in order to create enough suction to hold themselves in place. In some cases, denture adhesive can also be used.
One of the main problems associated with traditional dentures is the fact that their fit changes over time as a result of jawbone deterioration. This means that traditional dentures start off fitting properly and then slowly become more ill-fitting over time. As a result, many traditional denture wearers experience frequent slipping that makes eating and speaking difficult. Additionally, slipping dentures can also cause excess rubbing on the gums, leading to gum irritation. Because of this, traditional dentures usually need to be relined every two years.
To combat these common issues associated with traditional dentures, your dentist may recommend having a fixed denture placed. Fixed dentures are similar to traditional dentures in their composition, however they have one important exception. While traditional dentures rely on suction and the shape of the jawbone to remain in place, fixed dentures are secured in place using about 4-6 dental implants.
Dental implants are placed in the jawbone, where they will fuse with the surrounding bone. Once fused in place, dental implants are an ideal anchor for supporting a denture. Not only that, but since dental implants are fused with the jawbone, they provide stimulation to the bone necessary for bone mass preservation. Simply stated, this means that the jawbone will not deteriorate over time.
Unlike traditional dentures, fixed dentures will not slip out of place. This allows people with fixed dentures to maintain the ability to eat and speak properly. Furthermore, since the implants provide bone stimulation that preserves the jawbone, this means that the dentures will maintain their proper fit. This, combined with the fact that the dentures are supported by implants and not the gums, means that there will be little to no gum irritation or rubbing.
Although fixed dentures are designed to stay firmly in place while eating or speaking, they are designed to be removed from the mouth at night to prevent damage. For this reason, fixed dentures have attachments that allow them to be both fixed in place and removed. There are two different types of attachments that can be used on fixed dentures. These include:
- Bar-retained: this type of attachment uses clips attached to a thin metal bar that has been molded to the curvature of your jaw. These clips are designed to clip onto the denture base in order to secure the denture in place.
- Ball-retained: this type of attachment uses ball-shaped metal attachments that sit on top of dental implants and a socket on the dentures, allowing the denture to “snap” in place.
When having fixed dentures placed, your dentist will help you determine which type of attachment will work best for you. Overall, these two attachments offer similar outcomes in terms of retention and aesthetics, however there may be cases where your dentist recommends one over the other. To learn more about fixed dentures and whether they are right for you, schedule a consultation with your implant specialist today.
Irfan Atcha, DDS, DICOI, DADIA at New Teeth Chicago Dental in Chicago, Illinois is a board-certified general dentist and a nationally recognized expert in dental implants, cosmetic dentistry, and sedation dentistry. Dr. Atcha is now serving patients in Naples, Bonita Springs and SW FL area with All-on-4 implants, teeth-in-a-day, same day dental implants and the complex zygomatic dental implants for the no-jaw bone solution approach. To schedule a consultation please email Dr. Atcha at firstname.lastname@example.org.


Brown water at Worthing Beach is not a health risk
Sea bathers using Worthing Beach, Christ Church, are informed that there will be occasional discoloration of the nearshore water when excess water from the Graeme Hall Swamp needs to be discharged into the sea via the sluice gate.
This is a mitigation measure to alleviate flooding and stagnation in the drainage channel leading from the swamp to the beach.
The discoloration is caused by “tannins” from the red and white mangrove trees typically found in the Graeme Hall Swamp.
Tannins are the brown pigment residue resulting from the natural secretions from the mangrove roots and organic decomposition from dead leaves and branches. Tannins do not pose a health risk.
The occasional brown tannins at Worthing Beach is a natural phenomenon associated with coastal wetland ecosystems, and the public should observe all signage or instructions provided by the staff of the National Conservation Commission.
The sluice gate and drainage channel at Worthing Beach is an extremely important system, which is critical to maintaining the health of the wetland ecosystem in the Graeme Hall Swamp. The channel is primarily responsible for maintaining a delicate freshwater salinity balance between the sea and the mangrove forest.
This natural balance assists in maintaining brackish water and fish populations, as well as controlling the mosquito population and invasive species of lilies and algae.
Anyone who has any further questions or concerns should contact the Ministry of the Environment and National Beautification or the Drainage Division of the Ministry of Transport, Works and Water Resources. (BGIS)


25 JFK Quotes-John Fitzgerald Kennedy aka JFK has been a significant figure in American history. The man had an inspirational personality that enchanted the people from all over the globe. Starting from his inauguration speech, JFK continued to inspire his listeners. He spoke the words that acted as the guiding principle for American people. One may think what JFK uttered was specific for only one nation. In reality, the man left precious gem of wisdom for the leaders and people of entire word.
JFK enlightened the ideologies of peace and guided international policy makers for taking necessary acts.
Here are the most eminent JFK quotes which depict his vision.
-Ask what you can do for your country- JFK
The famous quote by JFK on his inauguration speech read as, “My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.” The quote still resonates in the speeches of world leaders who want to motivate their nations. It leaves an impact on those who shift the burden of their failures on lack of opportunities. JFK quote simply makes people responsible to work for development of their homeland.
25 JFK Quotes
“A journey to Thousand miles begins with one step.” John F. Kennedy
“Efforts and courage are not enough without purpose and direction.” John F. Kennedy
“Children are the world’s most valuable resource and its best hope for the future.” John F. Kennedy
“Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.” John F. Kennedy
“Everything changes but change itself.” John F. Kennedy
“Compromise does not mean cowardice.” John F. Kennedy
“Aggressive conduct, if allowed to go unchecked and unchallenged, ultimately leads to war.” John F. Kennedy
“Communism has never come to power in a country that was not disrupted by war or corruption, or both.” John F. Kennedy
“Freedom is indivisible, and when one man is enslaved, all are not free.” John F. Kennedy
“Great crisis produce great men and great deeds of courage.” John F. Kennedy
“If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.” John F. Kennedy
“Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate.” John F. Kennedy
“Do not pray for easy lives. Pray to be stronger men.” John F. Kennedy
“Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth.” John F. Kennedy
“If we are strong, our strength will speak for itself. If we are weak, words will be of no help.” John F. Kennedy
“Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names.” John F. Kennedy
“Life in freedom is not easy, and democracy is not perfect.” John F. Kennedy
“Mankind must put an end to war before war puts an end to mankind.” John F. Kennedy
“One person can make a difference, and everyone should try.” John F. Kennedy
“Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other.” John F. Kennedy
“Liberty without Learning is always in peril and Learning without Liberty is always in vain.” John F. Kennedy
“The best road to progress is freedom’s road.” John F. Kennedy
“Things do not happen. Things are made to happen.” John F. Kennedy
“This country cannot afford to be materially rich and spiritually poor.” John F. Kennedy
“Those who dare to fail miserably can achieve greatly.” John F. Kennedy
Mankind must put an end to war before war puts an end to mankind
Debate of war and peace is not much old. Generally, no one advocates for conflict and turmoil, still leaders fail to implement this at policy level. JFK who served the America during peak of cold war era clearly communicated his policy with this famous quote. He beautifully expressed the consequences of war and turmoil in one simple sentence. The quote becomes more meaningful in context of the modern world where countries are fighting each other.
In other words it also reminds the mankind about its common objective of survival.
Conformity is the jailer of freedom and enemy of growth
Confirming to certain principles means to subdue and compromise the growth. In this beautiful quote JFK makes people to realize the shackles that can bar their freedom. Slavery is not something caused by superior. At times it is a state of mind that comes into existence due to practice of conformity. In order to growin and prosper one needs to clear his mind from certain thoughts.
JFK Quotes are not meant to guide an American nation. They are not aimed at producing a breed of prejudiced patriots. In fact, these quotes guide how one can be a responsible global citizen.


5 paragraph macbeth essay essaysmacbeth is most guilty of his own destruction and evil, but other characters played a significant part in his reasoning behind the crimes he committed. In the play macbeth, there were many interesting sections which could be concentrated on due to the suspense and the involvement of the supernatural the use of the supernatural in the witches, the visions, the ghost, and the apparitions is a key element in making the concept of the play work and in making the play interesting. Supernatural aspect of the play is also very interesting as shakespeare uses the three witches as a tool for foreshadowing in the play by giving prophecies about macbeth’s and banquo’s future. Lady macbeth drives the plot by showing the tragic fruits of corruption the three witches the three witches play an evil, mystical role in the play they have the ability to see into the future and predict that macbeth will become the king of scotland their prophesies jump-start macbeth's murderous ways.
Explain the role played by the supernatural in macbeth macbeth supernatural essay elements in the play macbeth this is the integral part of the structure of . Polanski’s interpretation of shakespeare’s macbeth critical study: macbeth roman polanski- 1971 what is the context of this film. Malcolm’s assessment of macbeth and lady macbeth at the end of the play essay sample “this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen” how far do you agree with malcolm’s assessment of macbeth and lady macbeth at the end of the play. Professionally written essays on this topic: supernatural in shakespeare's plays macbeth, an address of eight specific questions on this classic play.
We will write a custom essay sample on the supernatural in “macbeth evaluate the part played in macbeth by the supernatural the supernatural in macbeth . Macbeth essays are academic essays for citation these papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of macbeth by william shakespeare. Hi, in our group presentation i played the first witch the part that our group performed comes towards the beginning of macbeth and it includes the scene. The three witches throughout the play, the witches—referred to as the “weird sisters” by many of the characters—lurk like dark thoughts and unconscious temptations to evil in part, the mischief they cause stems from their supernatural powers, but mainly it is the result of their understanding of the weaknesses of their specific . Macbeth – evaluation on a personal performance essay sample we were put into groups of three or four people and we were told to “mark the moment” of when lady macbeth persuades macbeth to kill the king.
Get free homework help on william shakespeare's macbeth: play summary, scene summary and analysis and original text, quotes, essays, character analysis, and filmography courtesy of cliffsnotes. I feel that the supernatural in this play, only serves as part of macbeth’s conscience macbeth has the power of free-will to conduct himself in any way he wishes macbeth, and only macbeth is guilty of his crimes. Read this essay on what part does the supernatural play in macbeth come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more. Lady macbeth essay i am going to do an essay on a play called macbeth, written by william shakespeare the play is a tragedy, believed to have been written in 1611-12 the play is a tragedy, believed to have been written in 1611-12.
Buy my wee and wonderful guide to imaginative/descriptive writing on kindle polished prose, dirt cheap . Notice how lady macbeth uses the word crown, this shows that the witches, in form of spirits, have filled lady macbeth with ambition more vaulting than macbeth’s one under the influence the witches she is driven to extreme measures: “come thick night and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell” . Supernatural forces in macbeth in the play macbeth, there were many interesting sections which could be concentrated on due to the suspense and the involvement of the supernatural the use of the supernatural in the witches, the visions, the ghost, and the apparitions is a key element in making the concept of the play work and in making the . Research paper on the tragedy of macbeth supernatural instigate macbeth to follow through the recess of his ambitions overall we could see macbeth as part .
- the supernatural in william shakespeare's macbeth supernatural happenings are out of the ordinary and unexplainable in the natural world, for example ghosts and witches which both play an important part in macbeth. By consideration to the text, evaluate the part played in ‘macbeth’ by the supernatural, in its various manifestations lady macbeth, sleep-walks. Here's an essay about macbeth in shakespeare’s macbeth , the discourses of the supernatural versus the natural world underpin the storyline and its characters, and illustrate the values, beliefs and attitudes of elizabethan society. Essays on supernatural in shakespeare how do they deal with the violence in the play) macbeth macbeth is one of the best known plays of william shakespeare .
Supernatural in shakespeare's macbeth - purpose of the witches 940 words | 4 pages the witches in macbeth one purpose for having the witches in shakespeare's play, macbeth, is to make a comparison between macbeth's conscious world and macbeth's unconscious, dream world. Macbeth is a tragic hero because he started the play as a good man, but the manipulations of the weird sisters and his wife brought out his baser qualities this leads to macbeth's moral corruption and downfall by the play's end it is clear macbeth begins the play as a loyal friend and decent man. In macbeth,the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot it provides a catalyst for action, an insight into character, and augments the impact of many key scenesthe supernatural appears to the audience in many varied forms - not only does a ghost appear but a floating dagger, witches, and prophetic apparitions make appearances.


What a time saver, a whole collection of scissor activities for training, in one place. Over 60 pages of reproducible cutting exercises can be found in the 90 page spiral bound book. Written by two pediatric occupational therapists, the book reviews the impact of sitting posture, shoulder stability, arm and wrist control, fine motor skills, visual perceptual skills and bilateral integration on the development of scissor skills. Also reviewed is proper holding, the steps toward scissor skill development, working with the left-handed child and pre-scissor skill activities. After all this, you get pages of activity sheets for cutting straight lines, lines with one and then more than one directional change. Curved lines and circles come next. After the exercise sheets there are simple project outlines to reinforce the skills practiced on the exercise sheets.


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Electrical Wiring for a 240 Volt Panel Disconnect – I have installed several of these connection setups for 240 volt portable MRI trailers and other portable high amperage 240 volt systems.
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Home Warranties and What They Do and Don’t Cover – I highly recommend home inspections before a prospective buyer proceeds with the purchase of a home so that the condition of the home and the important system components have been identified and addressed 0if needed before the home purchase.
Here are a few tips for longer lasting recessed can light, and other light bulbs as well – These are the types of light bulbs that are best for ceiling fan light fixtures because of the constant vibration that is produced by the fan motor.
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Prevent Electrical Hazards by Covering Switches and Outlets – One great safety measure is to simply replace an switch or outlet cover to avoid the exposure of electrical wiring and to keep fingers from coming into contact with energized parts.
Understanding Generator KW Output Capacity to Properly Power Your Home – It would be best to check the specifications and the KW capacity of the generator to really know for sure. The total connected load that will be placed on a generator should be known before selecting a generator.
Wiring Three Way Switches – When adding additional lighting to an existing three way switch configuration, the only place the additional lights may be wired to are at the existing light fixture or to the switch box where the existing light fixture is wired to.
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Latvian design boils down to the right choice of material, form and function. The distinct Latvian style has always separated the Latvian understanding of what is beautiful from that of neighbours near and far.
Table of Contents
Latvians always prefer natural materials. The lavish spread of forests has always been the main source for buildings, interior design and household objects. Everything composite and synthetic has historically been introduced by foreigners. Fibers like linen are still used for tablecloths and garments. Latvian design has no greater competitor than the Mother Nature itself.
Traditionally Latvians adorned household objects with symbolic ornaments. Tools, jewelry, musical instruments and gloves, everything was decorated using ethnographic signs. They depicted the most impressive phenomena they saw. Many symbols illustrate the stars and other celestial objects. Others refer to signs of fortune, strength and health.
Modern Latvian design dates back to the Art Noveau craze in the early 20th century. First educated Latvian architects and designers preferred everything custom-made in protest to mass production.
During the Roaring 1920’s Europe stood in awe of the Baltars porcelain. The success of the group of Latvian artists Romāns Suta, Aleksandra Beļcova and Sigismunds Vidbergs was brief yet bright. World-renowned sets of Art Deco ware won medals at the International Exposition of Decorative Arts in Paris, 1925.
Industrial design of the 1930’s is still celebrated today. Kārlis Irbītis established the national airplane design and construction, applied in Latvia and sought after in the West. Electronic appliances by VEF (State Electrotechnical Factory) brought the flair of Art Deco to most every household in the country. The smallest camera at the time MINOX was designed by Valters Caps and mass-produced by VEF in Latvia. It has been preferred by holiday-goers and a favourite of spies around the globe.
Latvian poster designers were popular in the Soviet Union. Gustavs Klucis authored the trademark propaganda posters of the 1920’s and 1930’s. Soviet regime found the poster genre peripheral in the 1970’s and 1980’s, what gave creative freedom to the Latvian artists during that time. These form a part of the Latvian Canon of Culture.
Latvians pride in respectable school of graphic design. The stunning features of Latvian money – the Lat – must have been the only reason Latvians hesitated to join the Eurozone. The banknotes of the last edition depicted such national symbols as River Daugava, the Latvian farmstead and the greatest gatherer of the folksongs Krišjānis Barons. The symbolic image of a Latvian woman decorated coins and banknotes ever since 1922. No wonder she continues to embellish the new Euro coins today.
Most notable sign of Latvian design in the 21st century is fashion. Natural materials as linen, jersey and silk are widely applied. You can find everyday fashion, quality pret-a-porter, recycled fashion and social design. Much of it is handmade and many objects feature the traditional ornaments used since time immemorial. These all are distinguishing elements of what the world knows as the Latvian design.
© Latvian Institute, 2015; Photo © Mare&Rols, Investment and Development Agency of Latvia