Topics similar to or like Music industry
The music industry consists of the companies and independent artists that earn money by creating new songs and pieces and arranging live concerts and shows, audio and video recordings, compositions and sheet music, and the organizations and associations that aid and represent music creators. Wikipedia
In the first decade of the 21st century, the rise of computers as the primary means to record, distribute, store, and play music caused widespread economic changes in the music industry, fundamentally changing the relationships between artists, record companies, promoters, retail music stores, the technology industry, and consumers. The rise of digital music consumption options contributed to a few fundamental changes in consumption. Wikipedia
For mechanical music technologies, see Music technology (mechanical); For electric music technologies, see Music technology (electric); for electronic or digital music technologies, see Music technology (electronic and digital) Study or the use of any device, mechanism, machine or tool by a musician or composer to make or perform music; to compose, notate, play back or record songs or pieces; or to analyze or edit music. Wikipedia
Handwritten or printed form of musical notation that uses musical symbols to indicate the pitches, rhythms, or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece. Paper , although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically, and, in some cases, "play back" the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments. Wikipedia
Person who writes music, especially classical music in any form, including vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music, electronic music, and music which combines multiple forms. A composer may create music in any music genre, including, for example, classical music, musical theatre, blues, folk music, jazz, and popular music. Wikipedia
Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and in other musical professions. As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism. Wikipedia
Business of creating, producing and distributing printed musical scores, parts, and books in various types of music notation, while ensuring that the composer, songwriter and other creators receive credit and royalties or other payment . This article outlines the early history of the industry. Wikipedia
Timeline of music in the United States from 1880 to 1919. The "first of many articles and reviews by prominent male critics which sought to trivialize and undermine the achievements of what was considered an alarming number of new women composers in the realm of 'serious' classical music". Wikipedia
News platform for the international live music industry. Its readership of more than 100,000 professionals a month comprises live music professionals, including concert promoters, booking agents, festival organisers, artist managers and venue operators, in more than 60 countries. Wikipedia
Art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical and secular music. Also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 , this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. Wikipedia
Group of musicians within a music ensemble or band that provides the underlying rhythm, harmony and pulse of the accompaniment, providing a rhythmic and harmonic reference and "beat" for the rest of the band. Often contrasted with the roles of other musicians in the band, such as the lead guitarist or lead vocals whose primary job is to carry the melody. Wikipedia
Application of computing technology in music composition, to help human composers create new music or to have computers independently create music, such as with algorithmic composition programs. It includes the theory and application of new and existing computer software technologies and basic aspects of music, such as sound synthesis, digital signal processing, sound design, sonic diffusion, acoustics, electrical engineering and psychoacoustics. Wikipedia
Government-mandated collecting society and performance rights organization based in Germany, with administrative offices in Berlin and Munich. GEMA represents the usage rights stemming from authors' rights (e.g., mechanical licensing, broadcast licensing, synchronization licensing) for the musical works of those composers, lyricists, and publishers who are members in the organization. Wikipedia
Brand or trademark of music recordings and music videos, or the company that owns it. Also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks, coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing, promotion, and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and music videos, while also conducting talent scouting and development of new artists , and maintaining contracts with recording artists and their managers. Wikipedia
Russian, Moscow-based company providing a wide range of services in the field of music marketing including different business areas such as talent management; booking; tour logistics; organization of concerts; sound recording; rights management; music publishing; development of unique marketing concepts; advertising; PR and consulting in the fields of culture, entertainment and event management; development of cultural, educational and social campaigns. IKON provides business management, booking, distribution, production and promotion services for foreign artists in Russia and CIS in cooperation with Russian TV channels Muz TV, MTV, STS, Channel One, NTV, TV Center, MusicBox, A-One, O2TV; radio stations Europa Plus, DFM, Megapolis FM, Radio Mayak, Love Radio, NRJ, Radio Maximum, Radio Frame, Silver Rain Radio; international publishing houses and print magazines Axel Springer AG (OK!), Bauer Media Group (Bravo), C-Media (Billboard), Hachette Filipacchi Media (Maxim), Hubert Burda Media (Playboy), Sanoma Magazines (Men's Health), Forward Media Group (Hello!), InStyle Magazine, F5, MK, KP; and web portals Mail.ru, PromoDJ.ru, Newsmusic.ru., Rutube.ru, Tata.ru, Muz.ru, Zvuki.ru, Loungemusic.ru, Intremoda.ru etc. Wikipedia
Norwegian subscription-based music, podcast and video streaming service that combines lossless audio and high-definition music videos with exclusive content and special features on music. Launched in 2014 by Norwegian public company Aspiro and is now owned by Project Panther Bidco. Wikipedia
Sentences forMusic industry
- In the late 1940s and into the 1950s, the American music business changed as people began to more quickly learn the industry.
- The National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing (Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique; SNEP) is the inter-professional organisation that protects the interests of the French record industry.
- Japan is the second largest music market in the world behind the United States, and is the largest in Asia, with most of the market dominated by Japanese artists.
- The LaserDisc Corporation changed its name to Pioneer LDC, Inc. (パイオニア エル・ディー・シー株式会社) in 1989 as part of an attempt to branch off into the anime, film, and music industries.
- Beast initially received attention for the lack of industry success previously experienced by its members, with media outlets referring to them as "a group of recycled material."
- After two years of interviewing bands and reviewing records, Lamoreaux ventured into the music releasing industry, appropriately naming his new company Somewhere Cold Records.
- The significant amount of work that Szpajdel has done in the industry has led him to be nicknamed, originally by a fan in 2006, the Lord of the Logos.
- "We had the best jazz band on the planet, and yet we were literally starving. That's when I discovered that there was music, and there was the music business. If I were to survive, I would have to learn the difference between the two."
- In connection with the general crisis in the music business, the collapse of the Neuer Markt and the high costs of integrating the additional companies, a crisis followed in 2001, which jeopardised the company's continued existence.
- His mother, Julie Brett (née Josie Dalglish, 1925–2015), was a ballet dancer and socialite, and his father, Eric Selig Phillip Cowell (1918–1999), was an estate agent, property developer, and music industry executive.
- Furthermore, it was also disclosed to Forbes by industry insiders that the two are the same person.
- The album's themes include criticism of the music business, alienation, and a tribute to founding member Syd Barrett, who left seven years earlier with deteriorating mental health.
- The Belgian Entertainment Association (BEA) is the organization that represents the interests of the music, video and video game industries in Belgium.
- Thornton was one of the first universities to offer an undergraduate program in Music Industry, a program still regarded as among the best in the country, and currently offers a Master of Science in Music Industry program.
- Sony Music Entertainment (also known as SME or Sony Music) is the second-largest global recorded music company of the "big three" record companies and is controlled by Sony Corporation of America, the United States subsidiary of Japan's Sony.
- Music industry professionals nominated artists, venues and hardware into the Judge's Choice award categories.
- Station employees went on to take director and executive-level positions in the recording industry, namely with labels RCA, Mercury, and Columbia.
- However, they were initially turned down by most of the major labels and several independent record labels.
- Hartridge went on to establish a distribution company.
- Launched in 2017, Big Loud Capital is a venture capital group that invests in music, technology, and lifestyle industries.
- Its camera drone technology is widely used in the music, television and film industries.
- Unauthorized copying and distribution accounted for $2.4 billion in lost revenue in the United States alone in the 1990s, and is assumed to be causing impact on revenues in the music and the video game industry, leading to proposal of stricter copyright laws such as PIPA.
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Before the actual decision making process commences, the child should already be school in the various family values that are currently part of the family makeup as a whole.
Understanding the family values early on in age will also help the child easily adopt decisions that will compliment these values thus creating less problems and friction within the family unit.
Setting good examples, which the child can follow, is also one way of getting the child to make decisions along the line of the family values in place.
Often children run into trouble when the decision they make are totally against the family values, thus causing a lot of problems for all parties involved.
It would be wise and certainly beneficial for the parent if from the very beginning all decisions made are only accepted if they are based on the family values.
Rejecting any decisions that are not in line with the family values will teach the child the boundaries he or she can work within and this will make it a lot easier to accept or reject ideas that will be pivotal in the decision making process.
It would be the responsibility of the parent to clearly outline all the various family values that the child would be expected to follow when it come to decision making. These should be done in a consistent and repetitive manner, so that the child will not be confused in any way and will be able to make acceptable decisions.


Injection-moulded gear racks made of polyoxymethylene (POM) are subjected to heavy mechanical loads, especially in the area of the tooth flanks due to interaction with the cogwheel. Customer complaints reported early failure of gear rack elements in which teeth break off during use. Appropriate tests are to be carried out to identify the causes.
The thin-section tests provide information on the homogeneity of the crystalline superstructures over the wall thickness. In this particular case, finely crystalline, so-called "cold" edge layers were observed, especially in the tooth area subjected to the most stress. POM reacts very sensitively if the temperature of the melt or mould is too low. The problem is that the melt then solidifies immediately it makes contact with the wall of the mould and does not have enough time to form spherulites. The geometry further encourages this through a larger contact area with the mould (rapid withdrawal of heat in the tooth area). Experience has shown that such edge layers are far more brittle than the core material, which had far more time to cool down from the molten state. The solution was to raise the temperature of the mould because the spherulites then have time to grow due to the slower cooling.


January 24, 2006
Japan Rocket Launch Gives Shaky Program a Boost
TOKYO -- Japan launched a rocket carrying an advanced land-observation satellite into space on Tuesday, in a boost for a space program that has strived to overcome a spotty record.
A Japanese-built H-2A rocket was launched successfully from the Tanegashima Space Center in Kagoshima in southern Japan, said a spokeswoman for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA).
"We've confirmed that the satellite has detached itself from the rocket. It's going well so far," the JAXA spokeswoman said.
A JAXA spokesman said the agency had confirmed that the satellite had properly entered its orbit.
The satellite -- which is called "Daichi" a word that means the earth or ground in Japanese -- is designed to gather detailed topographical data. Possible uses include helping to monitor disaster-hit areas or searching for natural resources.
The launch, which was originally scheduled for last Thursday but had been postponed due to weather and mechanical problems, was the first for the agency's flagship H-2A rocket in nearly a year.
The February 2005 launch of an H-2A rocked carrying a dual-purpose navigation and meteorological satellite had given a much-needed lift to JAXA, coming as it did 15 months after a previous launch attempt ended in failure.
Japan's space program entered the limelight recently with a high-profile mission involving a space probe designed to bring back the first-ever rock samples from an asteroid.
Scientists at JAXA were initially jubilant after Hayabusa, whose name means "falcon" in Japanese, apparently succeeded in landing twice on an asteroid nearly 300 million km (186 million miles) from Earth in November.
After examining data from the unmanned probe, however, JAXA later said it had probably failed to collect samples.
In another glitch, JAXA said in December that the probe's return to earth would be delayed until June 2010, three years later than initially planned.
Japan's space program came under fire in the 1990s after two unsuccessful launches by its previous rocket, the H-2.


Since we had technical difficulties in room 2-101, you will now attach your presentation to the assignment in Classroom. We are scrapping the live presentation portion. Whatever you want me to grade needs to be included in that assignment.
Today we continue working on the presentations. We will start presenting on TUESDAY instead of Monday, which will be your last day to get this pulled together.
You will need-
1. A properly formatted Works Cited turned in by one group member
2. A 10 minute presentation about how your sources connect to The Odyssey and the Hero’s Journey.
3. A paragraph about the presentation turned in via Classroom. Directions are there.
Don’t forget about Friday #22, which is also based on your choice book.
Today we are in the lab again. Your focus should be on the Hero’s Journey and how it relates to the sources you have already found. Add this information to your shared document.
1. Turn in any missing/revised work by tomorrow night.
2. Friday #21 is also due tomorrow.
3. Finish and turn in yesterday’s documentation activity.
4. (pds 1&4 only) Turn in your diction essay by Friday.
Today’s Dr.Seuss quote- “You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself, any direction you choose.”
With your team, create a Works Cited including the six items below. Then add ONE of your group member’s books for a total of seven entries. Turn in your group’s document when you are finished. Please include all group members’ names on the document.
Picture– It is not enough to cite Google image search. You need to follow it back to the source and cite that.
Pds 1&4–> Peer editing of the diction essay using the file in Classroom. You will need a partner for this. After you help each other with your essay, take time for revisions. If you finish, you need to use the rest of the time to either read or work on Friday #20. You should have your book finished by the first of March.
Pds 2&8–> First, spend a few minutes updating your blueprint. Then, spend 10 minutes finding another source or two. Finish the hour reading and/or getting a start on Friday #20.
We are in the lab to finish up rough drafts, which are due tomorrow. If you finish, double check that Friday #10 is complete and turned in. These will be pulled at 3pm today. Friday #11 is posted also. Begin planning how to get this finished.


Columbus Elite Giants
The Columbus Elite Giants was a professional African-American baseball team.
During the late 1800s and the early 1900s, professional baseball teams and leagues were segregated. African Americans did not play on teams with white players. White teams and black teams did not play in the same professional leagues. As a result of this segregation, there were separate leagues and teams for whites and blacks in professional baseball's early decades.
The Columbus Elite Giants played its home games in Columbus, Ohio. The team played in the Negro National League. Following the 1934 season, the Nashville Elite Giants relocated to Columbus and became the Columbus Elite Giants. The team played only one season in Columbus in 1935 and moved to Washington, DC.


Pioneers of Discovery
· · · ·
· · · · · ·
By Melissa Hendricks
In 1987, Hopkins neurosurgeon Henry Brem surgically implanted a
quarter-size biodegradable polymer containing a chemotherapeutic
drug directly into the site of a patient's brain tumor. The
surgical implant, developed at Hopkins and approved by the FDA in
1996, is now the standard of treatment for brain tumors. Compared
to conventional chemotherapy, it results in fewer side effects
and achieves a significant improvement in patient survival.
Hopkins ophthalmologist Eugene de Juan recently innovated a new
procedure that is saving the vision of many who have the "wet"
form of age-related macular degeneration, the major cause of
blindness in people over 55. In these patients, blood vessels
underneath the retina grow and bleed. The surgery involves moving
the most light-sensitive region of the retina a few millimeters
away from the diseased area.
A radical approach to breast cancer
While surgeons before William Halsted had performed mastectomy,
their patients had a high rate of cancer recurrence. In the 1880s
and 1890s, Halsted devised a more extensive operation that
entailed removal of the breast and underlying muscles, and lymph
nodes under the arm. He eventually achieved an unprecedented 72
percent five-year cure rate for patients whose disease had not
spread to adjoining glands.
Relief for aching backs
In a paper published in 1929, Walter Dandy introduced the
practice of removing an intervertebral disk to alleviate lower
back pain, sciatica, and other symptoms caused by a ruptured
disk. Dandy performed the procedure on two patients whose
symptoms had been mistakenly attributed to a tumor of the spinal
Shaping success for expectant moms
A minority of women have an unusually shaped uterus, which
prevents them from carrying pregnancies to term. Gynecologist
Howard Jones devised a surgical procedure called metroplasty for
remedying this disorder, enabling many women to deliver healthy
Infection prevention in the O.R.
In early attempts to prevent infections in the operating room,
nurses dunked their hands in strong antiseptic solutions such as
mercuric chloride. This practice caused nurse Caroline Hampton in
1890 to develop a severe rash. So surgeon William Stewart Halsted
(who later married Hampton) asked the Goodyear Rubber Company to
make her a pair of thin rubber gloves. Medical latex (or vinyl)
gloves are now standard issue in the operating room.
A new route to the pituitary
During his years at Hopkins (1896-1912), Harvey Cushing developed
many operations on the brain and nearby organs including finding
the first surgical passage to tumors of the pituitary gland:
transphenoidally, or through the nasal passage. He also
discovered the pituitary's complex role in secreting hormones.
During his career, which lay the foundation for modern
neurosurgery, mortality from brain tumor surgery plummeted from
more than 90 percent to less than 10 percent.
Seeing the way toward tumor removal
Curing brain tumors was a radical notion when Hopkins surgeon
Walter Dandy first proposed the idea in 1921. But Dandy silenced
his many naysayers in 1925 when he successfully removed an entire
two- to three-inch tumor from the posterior fossa. Dandy's
success was due in part to his innovation called
ventriculography, which involved X-rays and injecting a gas into
the brain's cerebral ventricles for visualizing the tumor.
A "blue baby" breakthrough
"Blue babies" have a congenital defect that prevents their hearts
from pumping sufficient amounts of blood to their lungs. On
November 29, 1944, Hopkins surgeon Alfred Blalock saved the life
of a 15-month-old with the defect by creating an artificial
channel between the aorta and pulmonary artery. The procedure,
developed in conjunction with Hopkins pediatrician Helen Taussig
and surgical assistant Vivien Thomas, ushered in a new era for
heart surgery, once deemed risky and unfeasible.
The first living heart donor
The first living heart donor In 1987, Clinton House became the
first living heart donor in the United States. House, whose lungs
had been damaged by cystic fibrosis, received the heart and lungs
of a man who had died in a car accident. (The heart-and-lung unit
offered a better prognosis than the lungs alone.) Then, House's
heart was transplanted into John Couch, a patient with congestive
heart failure. Hopkins cardiac surgeons Bruce Reitz and William
Baumgartner performed the procedures.
Kidney donation, less invasively
In 1995, Hopkins urologist Louis Kavoussi and transplant surgeon
Lloyd Ratner performed the first laparoscopic live-donor kidney
transplant. Using sharp-edged hollow cylinders, the team removed
a kidney from Baltimore resident Larry Butts through an incision
a few inches wide. They then used conventional surgical procedure
to transplant the kidney into Butts's wife, Chestina, whose own
kidneys had been ravaged by diabetes. Laparoscopy reduces
hospital and recuperation time. Since it was introduced at
Hopkins, live donor kidney donations have tripled.
Sparing nerves in a prostatectomy
Prostate cancer affects more than 330,000 men in the U.S.
annually. But at one time, surgical removal of the prostate for
cancer involved cutting the nerves that control erection; the
vast majority of men who underwent this procedure were left
impotent, and many were incontinent. Hopkins urologist-in-chief
Patrick Walsh developed a nerve-sparing method of prostate
removal. The procedure, which he has refined over the past 20
years, dramatically reduces the risk of postsurgical impotence
APRIL 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS.


Oregon needs to regulate dairy air emissions in our state.
Let Oregon Environmental Quality Commission know you agree!
Massive dairy factory farms, known as mega-dairies, produce enormous amounts of heat-trapping gases that are warming the planet and fueling Oregon’s historic drought and wildfires. In Oregon alone, mega-dairies are responsible for spewing more than 17 million kilograms of planet-warming methane gas every year — equivalent to the yearly emissions from driving 318,000 passenger cars. There are currently no air regulations to keep these industrial polluters in check. For over a decade, DEQ has failed to set rules regulating air emissions from large dairy confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs). Now, Beyond toxics is part of a coalition of 22 co-petitioners who are advocating for change.
Why Beyond Toxics is involved
* Health impacts. Large dairy factory farms emit ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and particulate matter, all of which can cause chronic respiratory disease and even death. Air emissions from livestock production are responsible for 12,400 deaths per year. More deaths than caused by coal-fired power plant pollution.
* Environmental justice impacts. These air emissions disproportionately impact vulnerable communities. Over one third of Oregon's dairy cows are confined in Morrow and Umatilla Counties, which have the state’s highest percentage of Latinx residents. The communities surrounding these factory farms are also low-income.
* Climate impacts. Large dairy factory farms in Oregon produce a vast amount of planet-warming methane gas. In Oregon, agriculture is the leading source of methane emissions, and animal agriculture is responsible for over 3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent every year.
Oregon lawmakers have long known the threat air pollution emitted by large dairy factory farms poses - in fact, a state-convened task force recommended Oregon take immediate steps to curb dairy air pollution as far back as 2008. Despite the urgent recommendation to act, large dairy factory farm air pollution remains virtually unregulated.
This is unacceptable. Everyone deserves clean air and large dairy factory farms must be held responsible for their air pollution. Please prioritize the health of Oregonians and our environment over the profits of factory farms by granting the dairy air emission petition.
Air Pollution Public Notice:
DEQ Requests Comments on Petition to Promulgate Dairy Air Emissions Regulatory Program (PDF)
HOW TO COMMENT
Before sending in your comments, please read the Public Notice, which includes a copy of the petition and proposed rules.
Submit your comment via email to the Oregon Environmental Quality Commission:
Comments also may be mailed to:
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
700 NE Multnomah St.
Portland, OR 97232
Comments must be received by 4 p.m. on Sunday, October 23rd.


Is the US Economy Shock-Resistant?
How well equipped is the U.S. economy to weather shocks, such as the catastrophic hurricane Katrina? How does the economic stimulus of rebuilding the area weigh against the effects the high cost of energy has on the consumer? Why is the dollar down and gold up since the catastrophe hit? In our view, we need to look for the answers by looking at the big picture.
For starters, we should wind back to the days before Katrina devastated Louisiana. Before significant parts of US energy supply, as well as an important transit route (the Mississippi) for food and raw materials were taken offline. Before the hurricane, commodity prices ranging from oil and gas, from steel to copper, from coffee to grain were near or at historic highs. These high prices are a reflection of elevated global demand; part of this high demand is due to a US economy that has enjoyed and continues to enjoy accommodating monetary and fiscal policies (low interest rates and low taxes); Asia's drive to sell cheap consumer goods to the US and Asia's growing internal consumption have also contributed to high commodity prices.
To understand how shock-resistant the US economy is, let us look at its most important and vulnerable part. A key driver behind economic growth in recent years has been consumer spending which comprises about 70% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Declining interest rates and lower taxes have contributed to consumer spending growing faster than overall GDP for more than a decade. When the technology bubble burst in 2000, consumer spending never declined. At the same time, the savings rate has been declining in the US. While Chinese consumers save more than 30% of their income, the US savings rate recently turned negative to an unsustainable -0.6% for the first time since records began in 1959. Negative savings rates are possible if consumers spend by selling assets, dipping into savings or borrowing against future income. The savings rate is also lowered by homeowners that refinance and take more money out of their home; in recent years, many consumers have treated their homes like ATMs (cash machines). The rise in housing prices has far exceeded the rise in income leading us to believe that current housing prices are not sustainable, and that we are in a housing bubble induced by an extended period of very low interest rates. Talking to real estate agents around the country in some of the hottest areas, we believe we have passed the peak in the housing market. In summary, the US consumer is the key to understanding what will happen to the US economy. Not only does the US consumer have record amounts of debt, but the drivers that have allowed this debt to accumulate have shifted into reverse: interest rates are rising and housing prices are at risk of declining.
Another important factor influencing consumer spending is real income. If incomes were to rise, then the effects of higher interest rates could be mitigated. We have long argued that real incomes have a very difficult time rising in an environment where US corporations are squeezed by both high commodity prices on the production side and low consumer prices because of a flood of cheap imports from Asia. In such an environment, US corporations attempt to keep up their profit margins by accelerating their outsourcing. In a best-case scenario, we believe income growth will lag GDP growth.
Taken together, US consumer spending is most vulnerable; the question in our view is when, not whether consumer spending will falter. Unlike the government, consumers cannot print money to pay off their debt. As housing prices decline and incomes don't rise, consumers will have to spend less and liquidate other assets (such as their stock portfolio) to serve their debt.
The massive US trade and current account deficits are another threat to the economy. Every day, foreigners need to purchase almost 2 billion worth of US dollars just to keep the dollar from declining. If the US economy slows, foreigners may be less inclined to invest their assets in the US economy. The aforementioned squeeze on US corporations through high commodity and low consumer goods prices has resulted in an erosion of the manufacturing base; to illustrate this point, Germany just surpassed the United States as the world's largest exporter. Even a declining dollar will not bring that manufacturing base back anytime soon. However, a declining dollar would further increase inflationary pressures. Unless policies are instituted that foster savings and investment, we believe the pressures on the dollar may remain firmly in place for years to come.
Higher fuel prices at the gas pump already have an impact on weaker consumers and this winter, heating costs most likely will be substantially higher. In the building frenzy over the past couple of years, lots of larger homes were built requiring higher maintenance costs.
Note that all of this was in place BEFORE the hurricane hit the Gulf Coast. You may start to understand why lawmakers have already approved over $60 billion in aid to help the region recover. This is an unprecedented amount - a reflection of the ever greater stimulus needed to keep an economy going that is dependent on a consumer living on borrowed money.
When evaluating the net economic impact of hurricane Katrina, it is not sufficient to try to consolidate the economic output lost with the spending package approved. While terrible for the region, the loss of tax revenue in Louisiana and the other Gulf states will not derail the national economy; thousands that are likely walking away from their mortgages can also be absorbed by the financial sector. We would like to point out that many creditors have provided a payment moratorium. This "generosity" discourages people from declaring bankruptcy in which case the creditors would go empty-handed. Importantly, it discourages filing bankruptcy before October 17, 2005, when much tougher bankruptcy laws come into effect.
An important lesson from the 1970s is that when there is a supply shock (energy shortage), providing an economic stimulus is highly inflationary. The reason is obvious: if you have too little energy, attempting to boost economic output will leave you with an even greater energy shortage. At the same time, it would be political suicide to suggest after the hurricane that an economic stimulus package is out of place.
The administration tries to pre-empt the inflationary spiral that could be triggered by an economic stimulus package with an international call for help. Everything from crude oil, to refined gasoline to food has been offered to the US, and the US has gladly accepted the offers. Note that natural gas cannot be easily imported (PG&E, California's main utility company, announced that residential gas bills will rise by 40% in the coming weeks). The US has a reserve of crude oil, the "Strategic Petroleum Reserve" but does not have significant inventories of refined products. It is already expected that refineries will want to purchase less crude oil from the reserves as there is plenty of supply coming. The administration has also issued a plea to refineries to postpone non-essential maintenance, and to boost output. In addition, refineries are requested to produce regular diesel instead of higher grades, such as low-sulfur diesel. This shows how concerned the administration is about squeezing the maximum out of US refining capacity (to which no significant additions have taken place since the 1970s). Rumors have been spreading that the administration will try to artificially lower the cost of energy. At the very least, we believe the administration will work very hard to try to minimize the inflationary pressures caused by the stimulus package just passed.
Eyes will be on the Federal Reserve to see whether they will continue to raise interest rates in light of the plight caused to so many by the hurricane. Federal Reserve Chairman Greenspan has in the past always come to the rescue of the markets when there was a crisis; oddly, Greenspan recently complained that there was not enough of a risk premium in the markets - a risk premium that may have eroded because investors believe Greenspan will rescue us. Monetary policy continues to be stimulative to the economy, and a pause would further increase inflationary pressures.
We are now adding tens of billions of unplanned expenses to the national debt to get through this winter. Even with all the policies instituted, we can expect much higher heating costs than last year. Now add to this that it is impossible to permanently increase refining capacity within months (it takes years), and that foreign aid will abate in the coming months. What we are left with is an economy that will have received a substantial stimulus that is working itself through the system, on top of a very tight supply situation before the hurricane hit.
The only way to think of what we are about to experience as non-inflationary is if we exclude energy from our inflation measures. Conveniently, there is a government statistic called "core inflation" that excludes food and energy. It turns out that even the core numbers have been inching upwards. On the other end of the spectrum, we have an economy that is conducting a cliff-walk, dependent on ever stronger government stimuli holding up consumer spending. The Fed may not be able to raise rates far enough to contain inflation. At the same time, the housing market will, in our analysis, switch from being a positive force on economic growth to being a weight on the economy. Whereas a stock market may correct in days or weeks, the housing market is likely to be a drag on the economy for a very long time. Given the tremendous leverage in the housing market (home buyers often pay down 20% of less of the purchase price), we are in for an extended period of belt tightening.
Good intentions have brought us here in that we wanted to keep America rolling after 9/11. Money was made easily available and taxes were lowered. At the same time, though, globalization has allowed Asia to contribute more actively to the US economy. To allow for job growth, Asia provided an environment that has fostered an over-supply of goods; the massive flood of goods into the United States has kept consumer prices down. That in turn has made it more difficult for US manufacturers. There is certainly a new breed of US corporations that are able to thrive in this environment, but labor intensive, "old-economy" style companies, notably in the automotive sector, cannot adjust fast enough to this environment. The US economy is growing briskly; yet, "employee discounts" have to be awarded by the auto industry to empty inventories. This is one of many warnings signs that the US consumer is not in good shape.
There is a saying that if the United States sneezes, the rest of the world catches a cold. Much of the world has oriented itself to sell to the US consumer. The question is where you can hide or seek to profit from a situation where decreased consumption in the US will be a drag on the economy; where consumers will have to pay down their debt; where inflationary pressures will continue to build and be a threat to the bond market; where the dollar is at risk because of an enormous current account deficit and the risk of lower investments into the US should the US economy slow; and the risk to numerous international companies and countries that are highly dependent on selling to the US consumer. There will always be select opportunities, both domestically and internationally. Personally, we are biased and favor a basket of hard currencies with a gold component as part of a diversified portfolio.
On a personal note, I will be in China the week of September 12, 2005, where I will attend the Shenyang Summit, an international economic forum where I moderate an interactive panel session on "Liberalization of Banking Systems and Development of Effective Capital Markets." I very much look forward to meeting both business and political leaders in a region that will play an increasingly important economic role in the years to come. I will share my impressions in an upcoming report.


Workers stack finished solar energy panels at the Solarworld plant on August 14, 2013 in Freiberg, Germany. Credit: Getty Images.
Continuing its unrelenting march toward a renewable-powered future, Germany now can produce more than half of its energy from solar. The official word of this milestone comes from the Fraunhofer ISE research institute, which showed that the country produced a record 24.24 GW of solar energy during the first week of June. Thanks to better weather in Germany compared to last year, the production of solar power has increased 34 percent in the first part of 2014.
Germany's expansion of solar energy hasn't come from enormous farms of solar panels, but rather citizens installing photovoltaics onto their own homes. More than 90 percent of solar panels installed in Germany are on homeowner's roofs.
It's not all sunshine, though. Despite this record, Bloomberg reports that the world's biggest solar market might install the least new capacity that it has since 2008, partially because of shrinking solar subsidies. So growth continues, but slowly.
Wondering how the U.S. compares? We currently get 0.2 percent of our energy from solar. Italy is in second place behind the Germans.


We don’t think of crime as serving a social function. Some people’s negative behavior serves the interest of other people. For instance, Black children dropping out of school serves the interests of other people’s children, who then don’t have Black people to compete against.
Our dropping out becomes a service to those who then can enter the positions for which we are no longer in competition…. As a matter of fact, during the first reconstruction, Blacks were robbed of the 40 acres and a mule promised them by the U.S. government as part of the REPARATIONS for slavery. A lot of people think that’s just a myth; but that was an actual act of Congress.
This would have given Blacks an economic leg up, an economic independence which would have served as a platform for our political independence as well…. the white planter recognized that if you gave Black people this kind of land, they would not be able to use them in the cotton fields; they wouldn’t be able to profit from their destitution.
It’s important to understand how you actually create poverty in a people so that you can use their services. You strip them of everything; therefore, they become utterly dependent upon you, and you use their dependency as a means of creating your own wealth and power. ” ~ Dr. Amos Wilson


Presentation on theme: "GMDSS havområder. GMDSS COSPAS (russiske) SARSAT (US/CA/FR) I alt 5 satelliter. NORD-SYD over polerne. Ca. 1000 km over jorden. 406 MHz, position ved."— Presentation transcript:
GMDSS COSPAS (russiske) SARSAT (US/CA/FR) I alt 5 satelliter. NORD-SYD over polerne. Ca. 1000 km over jorden. 406 MHz, position ved doppler. INMARSAT, 4 SATELITTER Geostationære ved ækvator. Ca. 36.000 km. 1,5/1,6 GHz.
EPIRB - Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon EPIRB is used to alert search and rescue services in the event of an emergency. It does this by transmitting a coded message on the 406MHz distress frequency, which is relayed via satellite and earth stations to the nearest rescue coordination centre. Marine EPIRBs work with the COSPAS- SARSAT polar orbiting satellite network which provides true global coverage, and can determine the casualty's position by triangulation to within 3 Nm (doppler) - or just a few metres if fitted with a built-in GPS (Global Positioning System). Most units also have a secondary distress transmitter, which operates on the old 121.5MHz and is used for homing purposes.


This volume, originally published in 2002, assembles the historical sequence of writings that Kant published between 1783 and 1796 to popularize, summarize, amplify and defend the doctrines of his masterpiece, the Critique of Pure Reason of 1781. The best known of them, the Prolegomena, is often recommended to beginning students, but the other texts are also vintage Kant and are important sources for a fully rounded picture of Kant's intellectual development. As with other volumes in the series there are copious linguistic notes and a glossary of key terms. The editorial introductions and explanatory notes shed light on the critical reception accorded Kant by the metaphysicians of his day and on Kant's own efforts to derail his opponents.
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Rent Theoretical Philosophy After 1781 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Allison Henry. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Cambridge University Press.
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Black History Month 2021: Celebrating Duke's First Black Ph.D.s
In celebration of Black History Month, The Graduate School is taking a look back at its first Black Ph.D. graduates. Check this page each week throughout the month for updates.
The First Two
The graduate and professional schools at Duke desegregated before the undergraduates. The Graduate School's first Black students enrolled in 1962, and 1967 saw Duke's first Black Ph.D. graduates: Ida Stephens Owens and James Roland Law. Here is their story.
The Next 10 Years
In the decade after Law and Owens graduated, another 19 Black students earned their Ph.D. from Duke. Here is a look at this group of trailblazers.
Black Ph.D. Graduates: Year By Year
Dive into the data on the number of Black students who received their Ph.D. through the decades.
First in Each Program
See when each Duke Ph.D. program had its first Black graduate in this interactive timeline.


The San Diego Zoo announced Tuesday the second birth of a rare okapi calf in its program to bring the endangered relative of the giraffe back from the brink of extinction.
The okapi is a large animal that lives in the Ituri Forest, a dense rain forest in central Africa, located in the northeast region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Scientists did not discover the animal’s existence until 1900.
“To see any animal take its first breath is an amazing experience,” said Jennifer Chapman, senior keeper at the zoo. “We waited 14 months for this calf to arrive, so to finally be able to see him, know he is healthy and witness mom do an incredible job, we can’t help but feel a sense of relief and pride.”
Only a few zoos in the United States house this rare species, and the new male calf is the second surviving calf born at the zoo in less than 2 years.
Zoo staff members said they were mesmerized as they watched the calf mother, Subira, give birth, and they were equally awed when her young calf slowly stood up and began to move around on wobbly legs
Okapis first came to the San Diego Zoo in 1956, and since then, there have been more than 60 births at both the zoo and the San Diego Zoo Safari Park.


by John Martin, CNN
(CNN) - School's going to be a little longer for about 20,000 U.S. students next year.
On Monday, The U.S. Department of Education, the Ford Foundation and the National Center for Time and Learning (NCTL), announced the formation of the TIME Collaborative. This initiative will support more than 40 selected schools in Colorado, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York and Tennessee that will be open an additional 300 hours during the 2013-2014 school year. For schools on a 180-day calendar, that would add more than an hour and a half of instruction per day.
The TIME Collaborative, a partnership between NCTL and the Ford Foundation, is funded by federal, state and private funds. NCTL will provide technical support for schools, while the Ford Foundation is offering $3 million in grant funds.
One of the group’s goals is to reduce achievement gaps for children who live in impoverished communities. "More learning time was simply necessary to close opportunity and achievement gaps," David Farbman, senior researcher at NCTL, wrote on the organization’s official blog.
Ford Foundation's president Luis Ubiñas said that research shows that student achievement is correlated with time spent in the classroom. "When kids spend more time in school they score better on standardized tests; they graduate at higher rates and are more likely to land internships or apprenticeships," Ubiñas said during the unveiling of the program.
Students in the selected schools won't necessarily be facing more hours studying social studies and science. "Our goal must be to turn those hours into moments of opportunity—with expanded curricula, re-imagined school programs, internships and apprenticeships, and greater exposure to areas that are increasingly on the educational cutting block—arts, music, drama and athletics," Ubiñas said.
Sam Chaltain, a senior fellow at the Institute for a Democratic Education in America, said that at-risk learners could disengage if longer school days look similar to current school activities, even though the practice will help many others. "If it's more of the same, if we continue to focus just on reading and math scores, I think it's safe to say we'll be successful. We'll raise those scores, and we'll probably raise student dropout rates because increasing numbers of young people feel that school is irrelevant to their needs and interests." Chaltain told HLN's Kyra Phillips. "If the goal is to re-imagine school itself...then I think it holds great promise," Chaltain continued.
Education Secretary Arne Duncan has long been a proponent of longer school days. "One of the most important things we can do is give those children who may not be blessed with a house full of books, who might not be blessed with a family member who has gone to college or even graduated from high school, we have to give them the time to learn more. And this initiative is a huge opportunity to do that," Duncan said on Monday.
Don't expect most students to be thrilled by the prospect of longer days in their school buildings. "We just want to get out of school and have a little break from all of that intense, you know, learning," Massachusetts middle school student Hannah Kirstel told CNN affiliate WWLP.
We want to know what you think: Will a longer school day translate to better student achievement? Post your comments below.


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There is hardly a better representative of medieval poetry - one who internalised the art of verse in a more masterly way than any other - than Walther von der Vogelweide. He is considered one of the most important Minnesänger and Sangspruch (sung speech) poets of the Middle Ages. Poetry was performed as song during this period. Finding melodies for Walther's poems is a most exciting undertaking, for only a few such melodies have been handed down to us. Sabine Lutzenberger and the ensemble PER-SONAT have underlaid some of Walther's poems with his own "Tönen" (= melodies), others with music of his contemporaries, completing fragments and reproducing several melodies in the style of the period. German Sangspruch (sung speech), one of most important handed-down traditions together with the Minnesang, functions here as the link between history and living performance practice. The sources extend from the 13th century to the Meistersang. Listeners can now experience Walther's magnificent poetry sung for the first time on this CD.


Footprints without Feet
By H. G. Wells
· The chapter ‘Footprints without Feet’ is an extract from a hugely popular science fiction ‘The Invisible Man’ written by H. G. Wells.
· H. G. Wells is an English writer who is renowned for his science fiction novels The Invisible Man', ‘The Time machine’ and ‘The War of the Worlds’.
· The chapter 'Footprints without Feet’ includes the adventures of Griffin, the scientist after being invisible.
· The story highlights the theme that science is a double edged weapon which may be highly dangerous if not used carefully and wisely.
· It also conveys the message that all the advancements and progress should be used for the good of mankind in general as well as in particular.
· Griffin is portrayed as a lawless person characterised by quick temper, selfish attitude and criminal mind.
A brilliant scientist named Griffin was curious to discover the ways to become invisible. After many attempts he could discover a rare drug which could make a man invisible. He swallowed that drug and became invisible. When he was roaming naked in the busy streets of London, he was exposed to the chilly winter in the month of January. While escaping from the busy streets of London, he was pushed into wet mud and his feet were stained.
Summary / Synopsis of the chapter
· Griffin was first noticed by the two boys, when he stepped on freshly painted staircase of a house and left his footprints there. They were surprised as they could only see footprints going up and coming down the steps but could find no one there. They followed him until the footprints became faint. The surprised boys didn’t know that the man was a scientist who had discovered a rare drug. When he swallowed the drug, he became invisible.
· Griffin was a lawless person who set his landlord’s house on fire because he had removed him from his house. Thus, he became homeless and cashless, and was wandering completely naked in the streets of London in the month of January.
· As it was difficult for Griffin to bear biting cold of January month, he sneaked into London Store, stole clothes, ate and drank to his satisfaction and slept there. Since he couldn’t manage to wake up before the store opened next morning, the store people followed him. He could only escape after removing all his clothes.
· He, then, decided to rob a shop giving supplies to a theatrical company. He stole clothes, some bandages to cover his face, thick moustache, false nose, dark glasses and a wide rimmed hat. He also attacked the shopkeeper and stole cash from him.
· Then, he decided to avoid the crowd of London and headed to a small village, Iping. There, he booked two rooms in an inn. The land lady, Mrs. Hall was very happy to have a rich customer but curious to know about him. Griffin warned her and others to disturb him as he wanted peace and solitude for his work. He paid rent in advance that’s why Mrs. Hall didn’t mind his strange behaviour and odd appearance.
· After some time he ran out of cash and told Mrs. Hall that he would be receiving his cheque soon and would pay after few days. Since he didn’t have any money, he stole from the house of a clergyman who could only hear the sounds of theft but could find no one in his room.
· Same morning, Mrs. Hall and her husband woke early and finding Griffin’s room wide open entered to know more about their strange customer. But nobody was there, only his clothes, bandages and hat were lying on bed. All of a sudden Griffin entered and tried to hit them with the furniture. Mrs. Hall was in shock to think that her mother’s chair is spirited and the room is haunted as she could see no one attacking them.
· The village constable was secretly called. Mrs. Hall suspected the scientist and asked him how he came out of an empty room and entered a locked room. Griffin got furious and started removing his hat and bandages as he wanted to scare them showing his reality.
· Just then, Mr. Jaffers, the constable reached the place and got surprised and nervous to think how he would arrest a headless man. But he was determined enough and started running after him to arrest. All started running here and there to catch Griffin but got hit as he was becoming invisible bit by bit. At last, Mr. Jaffers also was hit badly and got unconscious. In this complete chaos Griffin managed to run away from the place.
Summary of the Book ‘The Invisible Man’
The Invisible man’ is hugely popular as a science fiction, first published in 1897. The story is about a brilliant scientist, Griffin who discovered a wonder drug, swallowed it and became invisible but after being naked he was exposed to heat, cold and all the nature's furies. To escape extreme cold of London he stayed in an inn where he stole, attacked land lord and was discovered. He had to run away from there.
After that he started keeping an iron rod with him and with that iron rod he committed his first murder. Then he met a tramp, Thomas Marvel whom he made his assistant and with him went to the same village, Iping to recover the records of his experiments from the inn where he had stayed. But Marvel betrayed him stealing his notes and informing the police.
In revenge Griffin tried to kill Marvel but, he himself got shot. He escaped and took shelter in the house of Mr. Kemp who happened to be of his acquaintance from medical school. Griffin revealed everything about his discovery and his miserable condition. He also revealed his secret plan ‘Reign of Terror’ in which he would use his invisibility to terrorise the nation. Mr. Kemp wasn’t willing to support his insane proposal that’s why he informed authorities about Griffin who was successful in running away.
Griffin announced that Kemp would be the first one to get murdered under his ‘Reign of Terror’. Kemp, being cool headed offered himself as a bait to trap Griffin. The Scotland Yard inspector and all the local people came to Kemp’s help. At last Griffin was shot and attacked brutally, received fatal injuries and finally died. Marvel kept safe with him Griffin’s notes which were useless for him but with the help of his stolen money he became a successful businessman.
Griffin as a Scientist
As a scientist Griffin was wonderful and brilliant, and could have been a remarkable asset to the world. His brilliant mind, studies and experiments made it possible for him to discover a rare drug that made him invisible. His discovery could have proved to be path breaking and been used for the good of entire mankind and many other purposes but, alas, his lawless nature brought a sad fate to the scientist.
Griffin as a Person
In spite of being a brilliant scientist Griffin was a lawless, irresponsible and selfish person. He was a man of crooked mind, hot temper and selfish temperament. His selfish intentions made him steal, hurt people and commit crimes. He set the house of his previous land lord on fire, stole from the clergyman and robbed the shops and attacked Mrs. Hall. Eventually, he met with a sad fate and died.


By Damien Marsic, PhD
By Damien Marsic, PhD
It has long been known that Jewish and Middle-Eastern populations were genetically related, thanks to numerous studies of Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA. The recent development of DNA microarray technology allowed much finer genetic studies of human populations, by analyzing hundreds of thousands of nucleotides across the human genome. Last year, one such genome-wide study (1) revealed a distinct genetic signature for Ashkenazi Jews and suggested a Near-Eastern origin. Since then, two genome-wide studies, the first to include several Jewish populations, were published just a few days ago by two different teams (2, 3). Both confirmed a common Middle-Eastern ancestry for most worldwide Jewish populations, bringing an end to speculations that modern Jews could be mostly descended from converts with no link to the ancient Hebrews. However, there is another inescapable conclusion from those studies, that the authors did not address: Palestinians are genetically as close or closer to any modern Jewish population than are those Jewish populations to each other. In other words, genetic data is totally consistent with the idea that Palestinians are the direct descendants of ancient Jews who never left their ancestral land and who later converted to Christianity and to Islam (4, 5).
Behar's study, which is the most detailed, revealed that most Jewish populations (except Ethiopian and Indian Jews who are more closely related to their host populations) form a cluster with modern Middle-Eastern populations. There are actually three Jewish sub-clusters, one including Ashkenazi and Sephardi populations, another including Iraqi, Iranian and Caucasian Jews, and a third comprising Yemeni Jews. Remarkably, the Palestinian sub-cluster is located exactly in the middle of the three Jewish sub-clusters, suggesting that modern Palestinians are possibly even more closely related genetically to the ancient Hebrews than many modern Jews. In addition, any of the three Jewish sub-clusters is closer to the Palestinian sub-cluster than to the other two Jewish sub-clusters. This implies that if one considers Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Iraqi, Iranian, Caucasus and Yemeni Jews to all be part of the same Jewish people, then, from a genetic point of view, the Palestinians are an integral part of it.
If the latest genetic evidence vindicates Zionist ideas of Jews returning to their ancestral homeland, it also implies that this right of return should apply to all Palestinians, which have to be considered part of the same Jewish/Palestinian people.


The instructors that make up the vocational teachers association attend a school with a focus on offering vocational education. A form of postsecondary education institution known as a vocational school frequently trains students for specialised professions like medicine and other practical fields. Vocational schools are different from standard four-year colleges in that their curricula are more specialised and less academically focused so that teachers can gain more hands-on experience. Students receive instruction from the Vocational Teachers Association, enabling them to gain real-world experience in their chosen career path. Business management is one of the subjects that are most frequently linked to vocational and technical training.
Trade and industry, such as carpenters, computer technicians, and auto mechanics; in the medical field, such as nurses, dentists, and medical technicians; and in agriculture. Many educational institutions offer vocational training for students who want to learn skills that will help them land a certain job, like learning to fix cars or becoming a chef. Professionally speaking is having a connection to a career; professionals employ a certain type of work while discussing a career or necessity for a job. The Ministry of Labor, other key ministries, and numerous government entities all deal with the issue of vocational training. To address disparities and variability in standards and expenses, the National Qualifying Framework for Qualifications was unveiled in December 2013.
Teachers who desire to gain additional practical knowledge should join a vocational teachers association. After completing their vocational training, they will be able to grasp their subject.


How Loud It? What Did You Say?
A common question is, “How loud is that vacuum?”
A common answer usually includes fancy words like decibels, or poor explanations that are not very descriptive. We hoped to improve on this by providing a “loudness infographic” and we’re going to shout it loud from the rooftops. Of course, if you’re using a nail gun on your roof, you may not hear us.
What is a Decibel?
Typically we rate a how loud something is with a decibel. A decibel, abbreviated as “dB,” is a unit of measure that rates the intensity of a sound, or the power level of an electrical signal by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale. In other words; How loud something isis measured with decibels . It is important for us to be as accurate as we can when reporting this information so that the customer has an accurate understanding, but let’s face it not everyone can put the number in context to understand how loud the sound is.
WORKSHOP Wet/Dry Vacuums has collected a number of familiar events or situations. We then rated how much noise that process makes. The nuances found here add to the complication of accurate reporting. We used reported averages, but there is a great deal we do not know about this data. We don’t know how far away the reporter was when they measured laughing, or how many people were averaged together. After all, around here some of us are louder than others 🙂 Therefore, this infographic is for general reference only.
Most powered equipment makes some noise, and power tools of any kind are no exception. It is always advisable to wear hearing protection when using power tools. Especially, when using them for an extended period of time, or in a noisy environment. We recommend the same for vacuums. How loud the tool is will depending on the tool, the brand, and model. The owner’s manual may provide suggested courses of action. Additionally, manuals often supply a better idea of the safety equipment needed when using. For example, some tools may require goggles in addition to hearing protection.
Our chart displays the lowest end as a moving stream, rated at 40 decibel (dB), and this is followed by a quiet office that starts at about 50 dB. WORKSHOP products start at 59.7 dB. This is our Air Mover. Even at the highest setting it is only 65.2 dB and is quiet enough that you can carry a discussion with friends or coworkers while standing next to it running. Impressive. Most single stage vacuums are 79 dB or more, but we have a few that are quieter at 77-78 dB.
We suggest wet shop vacuums at the lower end of the decibel range for those that have a large concern about noise levels. For WORKSHOP that is the WS1400CA and WS1600SS or the portable blower vacuum WS0400DE. Another option is using a 2-stage vacuum, but this could increase your costs.
We hope this infographic can help provide some guidance in making an informed decision. Sound off, and make it loud…Let us hear your thoughts!!
Learn more about WORKSHOP vacuums…


The problems associated with overweight and obesity has focused attention on obesogenic, or obesity promoting environments. The home environment, in particular the role of the main food gatekeeper, has come under particular scrutiny for its impact on the family diet (Campbell et al, 2007; Coveney, 2004; Crawford et al, 2007). 326 US and 323 Australian gatekeepers are studied to understand relationships between healthy eating capability, food acquisition and food preparation behaviours, and satisfaction with the household diet. The results suggest that gatekeeper attitudes and perceived control over family diet play a significant role in shaping food-related behaviours and diet satisfaction. Impulsiveness, focusing on freshness, meal planning, and vegetable prominence in meals are also important behavioural factors for satisfaction with diet.


A Day in the Life of the Powell Family
A photographic essay by 1998 Colonial Williamsburg Teacher Institute participants
Daily activities as well as family and community interactions in the eighteenth century depended upon the season of the year, time of day, social and economic status, age, gender and health in ways that are difficult to imagine at the end of the twentieth century.
In the eighteenth century, all children received an education that prepared them for the work they would do as adults. There were expected behaviors for all children, and corporal punishment was considered to be the normal correction for breaking the rules. However, by the third quarter of the eighteenth century, reacting to the child-rearing advice of John Locke, parents were becoming more openly affectionate with their children, and devising new methods of teaching, such as "playing into learning". Young adults had more freedom in both courtship and in choosing a marriage partner, although they were still expected to ask for and receive their parents' approval to marry.
The workday in the eighteenth century began and ended with the rising and the setting of the sun. Everyone worked: men, women, children, rich and poor, black and white. The amount of work performed and the difficulty of the labor very much depended upon who you were. The roles of men, women and children were sharply defined, more so in a city like Williamsburg than in the countryside where everyone in the family did whatever work was necessary for survival. Slave families faced unique challenges to both the creation and survival of family life. Hard work, illness, and separation of families were some of the difficulties faced by slaves. Nevertheless, slave families, like white families, found the time for social activities. Music, dancing, storytelling, games and conversation were pastimes that relieved the burdens of work and kept cultural traditions alive.
Teachers participating in the 1998 Colonial Williamsburg Teacher Institute examined many aspects of eighteenth-century family life during their visit to the Benjamin Powell House site. The teachers, in cooperative groups, examined the daily life of a Powell family member by participating in activities representative of an eighteenth-century urban household. At the same time, by translating these experiences into digital images, teachers were able to create a photographic essay of the life of the Powell family that could be used in their classrooms. Teachers suggested the following student activities in which they would use digital images:
- Create a photographic autobiography paralleling a day in the life of a Powell family member and noting the similarities and differences in daily life then and now.
- In cooperative groups, produce a picture book with drawings and text, from the perspective of each Powell family member, to share with children in a lower grade or library story hour.
- Assume the roles of family members in eighteenth-century conversation, and compare conversational topics and interactions today and in the past.
- Study eighteenth-century prints, portraits, artifacts, letters and diaries, and archaeological findings and architectural research to draw conclusions about eighteenth-century life. s
As a result of their participation in some of the daily activities at the Benjamin Powell House, 1998 Colonial Williamsburg Teacher Institute participants achieved a deeper understanding of the differences from and similarities to family life today. Choices, opportunities and responsibilities for family members in the eighteenth century depended on whether they were black or white, male or female, rich, poor or middling, free or enslaved, and living in country or city.
For additional information on Benjamin Powell or the Benjamin Powell House, go to the following links:
For additional information on eighteenth-century family life, go to:


The Sambucus, also known as Elder or Elderberry, is the genus of 5 to 30 different varieties of shrubs and small trees. The Elderberry plant is characterized by feathery leaves, and topped off with clusters of white or cream-colored flowers followed by blue, purple, red, or black berries. Sometimes, though rare, the berries can be white or yellow.
Two of the varieties of Elderberry are herbaceous, which means that when they die off, they return to the ground so that there is no visible stump or remains left. The Elderberry herb comes from the berries and flowers of the shrub or Elder tree, and is a medicinal herb native to parts of both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The berries and flowers from the Elder tree have been used for various medicinal purposes for numerous human ailments throughout history, and that is why they are commonly referred to as “nature’s medicine chest”.
Varieties of the Elderberry Include:
- Southern Elder: Sambucus australis
- American Elder: Sambucus canadensis
- Blue Elderberry: Sambucus cerulea
- Chinese Elder: Sambucus javanica
- Elder or Black Elder: Sambucus nigra
- Madeira Elder: Sambucus lanceolata
- Canary Islands Elder: Sambucus palmensis
- Peruvian Elder: Sambucus peruviana
- Florida Elder: Sambucus simpsonii
- Velvet Elder: Sambucus velutina
The Elderberry Herb throughout History
The Elderberry has been used as an ingredient in wines, marmalades, drinks, and desserts, but it has also been widely used for its medicinal purposes. Juice from the berries was used to relieve colds, influenza, bronchitis, asthma, and other respiratory problems. An infusion of the juice was believed to alleviate inflammation and was therefore used for urinary or bladder infections, back aches, and even nerve problems.
The flower of the Elderberry plant would also be made into creams, washes, or poultices, and used for skin irritants and aliments including, scrapes burns, abrasions, and cuts. The application of the elderberry flower was also used to helped reduce swelling, and inflammation of the skin; and to calm and soothe complexions from the effects of eczema, psoriasis, and acne.
Additionally, an effective eye wash could also be made from the flowers. The various parts of the Elderberry plant that were commonly used included the berries, leaves, flowers, and even the bark.
Elderberry? Get Remedies Fast!
Many cultures believed the Elder tree was inhabited by either a witch or elder. A special chant to the elder had to be performed while cutting down an elder tree or it was believed the inhabitant would cause the person harm.
So How Does Elderberry Work?
To understand how the Elderberry works one must first have a basic understanding of viruses and the human immune system. When the immune system is attacked, its first response is inflammation. Inflammation is caused by the increased amount of blood flowing to the body’s tissues. Viruses can only multiply and spread to other cells, by first entering healthy cells. Some viruses enter the healthy cells with help from special spikes called haemagglutinin spikes. Once inside a healthy cell, the virus can then grow and spread, usually resulting in the person exhibiting cold or flu like symptoms.
Antivirin is an antiviral agent contained in the Elderberry. Antivirins work by coating the haemagglutinin spikes of the virus and thereby neutralizing its ability to enter healthy cells. The anthocyanin (a powerful antioxidant) found in the skin of the Elderberry, helps defend the immune system by attacking free radicals in the body.
Free radicals enter the body thru outside contaminants such as pollen, smoke, and other airborne pollutants; once these free radicals enter the body, they being their journey of destruction. Free radicals are molecules that are missing electrons. These molecules invade and steal electrons from other molecules which then sets off a chain reaction of electron stealing, and results in the creation of new free radicals in the body. The multiplying of free radicals leads to cellular destruction and damage, and eventually, inflammation and damage of the arterial wall. This process, and the addition of free radicals in the body, leads to many common diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease, in addition to the general aging of the body.
The human body contains many naturally occurring antioxidants from the production of certain hormones, vitamins, and minerals. Antioxidants work to neutralize free radicals by stabilizing them. Antioxidants give up electrons to free radicals thereby deactivating the free radicals in their electron-stealing mission.
Of all the herbs, Elderberries are ranked third highest in vitamin C content. In addition, they also contain large amounts of vitamins A and B, carotenoids, and amino acids. The skin of the elderberry fruit has the highest concentration of athocyonins of any other fruit. Athocyonins are powerful antioxidants that build and boost the human immune system.
Properties of the Elderberry plant include:
- Vitamins A, B, and C
- Amino Acids
- Hydrocyanic Acid
- Free Fatty Acids
- Potassium Nitrate
- Cane Sugar
The Elderberry and Modern Science
Today, Elderberries that are formulated into syrups are effective against, and help to alleviate, the build-up of mucous and calm inflammation in the nasal and bronchial passages and build up the immune system. In 2009, Retroscreen Virology of London tested the Sambucol brand of Elderberry syrup, which is formulated using black Elderberry.
The results of their testing proved the syrup to be 68.3% effective against the H1N1 virus, also known as Swine Flu1. Another study conducted in 2005, found the same brand of syrup to be 99% effective against the H5N1 virus, more commonly referred to as the Avian bird Flu1. Other studies conducted concluded that the syrup was highly effective in the treatment of influenza A and B. Elderberry proved to lessen the amount of discomfort felt by those studied, and symptoms were relieved within 2 to 3 days and at least 3 days earlier than the control group.
The Modern Elderberry
Many people still cultivate and use the Elderberry today. It is still common for Elderberries to be made into pies, jams, jellies, and other sweet desserts. The Elderberry has also been used in alcoholic beverages and soft drinks such as the “Shokata” which was marketed and sold by Fanta in 15 countries worldwide. Elderberry is also widely available to purchase today, and can be used medicinally by adults as well as children.
It can be found in various forms including, liquids, syrups, extracts, pills, capsules, and gummy drops. In some instances Elderberry is combined with Echinacea, goldenseal, and other herbs to help support the immune system, and improve respiratory problems associated with changing seasons and environmental conditions and allergens. Syrups are commonly used to fight off cold and flu like symptoms and support and improve respiratory health and function. The flowers are still used today to make teas and infusions.
Where to Buy Elderberry
Elderberry can be purchased from nearly any local and online health stores, pharmacies and retailers and is available in many different forms and brands. Some of these retailers and online stores are:
- Higher Nature
- Your Nutrition Shop
- Goodness Direct
- Your Health Food Store
- The Nutri Centre
- Nature’s Clock
- Holland and Barrett
- The Health Store
- The Nutri Centre
Common Brands of Elderberry
Sambucol produces many varieties of syrups and liquids which include, original, sugar free, children’s, and immune support. In addition, they also offer, cold and flu quick dissolve tablets, and original and immune tablets with added vitamin C. The products range in price from 12.99 for 4fl (120ml) to $29.99 for 7.8fl (230ml).
Gaia Herbs products include: drops, syrups, and capsules, and range in price from 1 oz drops for $7.49 to $22.99 for 5fl (160ml).
Rainbow Light formulates the gummy drops, and can be purchased for $10.99 for a bottle of 30 gummy drops.
Planetary Formula’s syrups range in price from $8.75 for 2 fl. oz. to 27.98 for 8 fl. oz.
Many more brands and varieties can be found and shoppers can even compare prices, brands, and read reviews by shopping online for Elderberry products.
Elderberry Dosages and Interactions
Many parts of the Elderberry plant contain a glycoside which produces cyanide. The cyanide can build up in humans and result in poisoning. For this reason, children were warned against making flutes and whistles from the stems and branches of the shrub, and only ripe berries should be consumed. The flowers can cause gastrointestinal irritation as Elderberry is also a diuretic. As a general rule, there are no known side effects or drug interactions associated with using the Elderberry herb when prepared or formulated properly.
The recommended dosage of the liquid form of Elderberry is:
- For children (1-6 years of age) 1 teaspoon (5ml) per day and can be increased to 1.5-2 teaspoons (10ml) per day, for use during winter months.
- For adults the recommended dose is 2 teaspoons (10ml) per day.
- Other forms can be dosed as follows:
- Dried flowers can be used as an infusion for adults, 3 to 5 grams, three times daily.
- Liquid Extract, for adults, use 1:1 in 25% alcohol, (3 to 5 ml) three times daily.
- Tincture, for adults, use 1:5 in 25% alcohol, (10 to 25 ml) three times daily.


Tuesday, February 24, 2015
Robert Bagwell: Team Ball is Lyfe Contribution
For the presentation with my group, Team Ball if Lyfe in Section 12, we decided to do our presentation on the English lawyer, philosopher, and author Thomas More. My individual contribution for the presentation, is to cover the later/political life of Thomas More and some of his legacy through a couple of PowerPoint slides. I will cover his rise to high ranking member in the court of the infamous King Henry VIII, to his eventual canonization by Pope Pius XI through a series of bullet points and dates and by elaborating on them. In more detail I will cover Thomas More's ascent from a successful under-sheriff of London to a member of the House of Commons to him becoming extremely close to King Henry VIII. I will also delve into how his religious views helped persuade his political actions as his time as Lord Chancellor of England under King Henry VIII. Also, I will be briefly covering the reason why Thomas More had a falling out and was executed by King Henry VIII. My contribution fits into my groups presentation by showing a huge reason why he is still relevant to this day, which is due in part to his high political stature and position and his relationship with the legendary King Henry VIII. My contribution also helps, a little, highlight Thomas More's religious devotion and how it would effect his philosophical ideas and thoughts. As a whole though, my contribution is to briefly detail and envelope on the political life, and slightly into the spiritual part, of his life to show why he is a historically significant individual.