The Qur’an in translation is sometimes wrongfully described by the western reader to be lacking any coherent structure, jumping from topic to topic without making clear the link between them. The rhyme and the innate musicality is lost in translation yet is one of the things that makes the book so powerful. Furthermore, these are key to making connections within a passage of the Qur’an that may not be clear at first glance.
Neal Robinson applies modern methods of literary analysis in order to uncover some of the style and the structure of the Qur’an. His findings are very interesting!
To give a brief example, he breaks down some Meccan surahs into “units” of rhyme, which is called the “Isochronic unit”. A short vowel is one isochronic unit, while a long vowel is two. In arabic, a short vowel would be any of the sounds indicated by a dhamma, fatha or a kasra, and a long vowel would be the ي (“ee” sound) in العظيم (al’adheem). In application to the first five verses of Surah Naba:
- ‘Am-maa yatasaa’aloon = 10 units
- ‘An-in-nab’a -l’adheem = 8 units
- Aladhee hum feehi mukhtalifoon =13 units
- Kala saya’lamoon = 8 units
- Thumma kala saya’lamoon = 10 units
An obvious pattern emerges, one can see that there is a ring structure based on the rhyme, with verse 3 in the centre. It is the focal point of the passage, with both its length and its centrality giving it significance. Such reflections can give us more insight to the message of the Qur’an: what verses are being focused on, and why. Robinson’s attention to musicality uncovers some interesting insights that allow for more thematic reflection to take place. Again, looking at Surah Naba:
Discovering the Qur’an provides many, many more examples of Qur’anic coherence and refined style and much more. Robinson’s analysis is not just limited to poetic structure of Meccan surahs: he extends his hand to the far less rhythmic Medinan passages and discusses the ordering of the Surahs of the Qur’an from a literary perspective. He also dedicates chapters to rebutting Hagarism, Qur’anic chronology (where there are some surprising findings) and also covers historical approaches to the Prophet’s biography. There is also a chapter at the beginning to introduce the Qur’an to the non-Muslim reader.
The book serves to bolster the claim that the Qur’an is a work of one author in one period of time rather than a text that arose over the centuries through the works of many. Disproving the claim of multiple authorship seems to be the main aim of the work.
With a rigorous methodology and an enjoyable writing style, Robinson’s “Discovering the Qur’an” is a real treat for all interested in Qur’anic studies!


These three views of Titan from the Cassini spacecraft illustrate how different the same place can look in different wavelengths of light. Cassini's cameras have numerous filters that reveal features above and beneath the shroud of Titan's atmosphere.
The first image, a natural color composite, is a combination of images taken through three filters that are sensitive to red, green and violet light. It shows approximately what Titan would look like to the human eye: a hazy orange globe surrounded by a tenuous, bluish haze. The orange color is due to the hydrocarbon particles which make up Titan's atmospheric haze. This obscuring haze was particularly frustrating for planetary scientists following the NASA Voyager mission encounters in 1980-81. Fortunately, Cassini is able to pierce Titan's veil at infrared wavelengths. A single view of this composite is also available (see http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/pia06230.html).
The second, monochrome view shows what Titan looks like at 938 nanometers, a near-infrared wavelength that allows Cassini to see through the hazy atmosphere and down to the surface. The view was created by combining three separate images taken with this filter, in order to improve the visibility of surface features. The variations in brightness on the surface are real differences in the reflectivity of the materials on Titan. A single view of this image is also available (see http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/pia06228.html).
The third view, which is a false-color composite, was created by combining two infrared images (taken at 938 and 889 nanometers) with a visible light image (taken at 420 nanometers). Green represents areas where Cassini is able to see down to the surface. Red represents areas high in Titan's stratosphere where atmospheric methane is absorbing sunlight. Blue along the moon's outer edge represents visible violet wavelengths at which the upper atmosphere and detached hazes are better seen. A single view of this composite is also available (see http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/pia06229.html).
A similar false-color image showing the opposite hemisphere of Titan was created from images taken during Cassini's first close flyby of the smoggy moon in October 2004 (see http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/pia06139.html). At that time, clouds could be seen near Titan's south pole, but in these more recent observations no clouds are seen.
North on Titan is up and tilted 30 degrees to the right.
All of these images were taken with the Cassini spacecraft wide angle camera on April 16, 2005, at distances ranging from approximately 173,000 to 168,200 kilometers (107,500 to 104,500 miles) from Titan and from a Sun-Titan-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 56 degrees. Resolution in the images approximately 10 kilometers per pixel.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.
Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute


Addiction is a devastating disease which affects the addicted person in body, mind and spirit. After receiving treatment for an addiction, the work for the addicted person is only beginning. The addicted person has to find a way to heal from all the pain and anguish that the addiction caused. Since the addiction affected you in body, mind and spirit, it’s important to find ways to heal all three of these systems.
Healing the Mind
Your psychological health is just as important as your physical health, and it can be severely damaged by addiction. Recovering addicts often have low self-esteem, guilt, shame, depression and anxiety. They are also prone to cravings to return to their addiction. During active addiction, the addicted person uses their substance of choice to cope with life problems, emotions and other issues. In recovery, the addict needs to learn to use other coping skills to deal with these issues. There are a lot of things that you can do to help heal your mind after an addiction. Here are a few things to try.
- Self-esteem – You can improve your self-esteem by changing negative thoughts about yourself. When you notice yourself thinking things like, “I’m stupid” or “I can’t do anything right” make a conscious effort to change these thoughts to something more neutral or positive. Positive self-talk can help improve self-esteem. Positive self-talk is simply reminding yourself of your good qualities and your strengths. Try this exercise to improve self-esteem. Write down five to ten of your good qualities. Pick a couple of these qualities and write a paragraph about why these qualities are important and how they help you in life.
- Guilt and Shame – Often addicts do things in active addiction that they aren’t proud of. When we do something we know is wrong, we feel guilty. Shame is felt when we internalize guilt and feel we are a bad person because we have done something wrong. Guilt and shame help us to do the right thing in moral situations. While they serve a purpose, they are not meant to be held onto for long periods. To alleviate guilt and shame, try making amends for the wrongs you have committed. Amends can be more than just an apology. They can involve doing something good for the person harmed or the community. Amends do not have to be made directly to the person harmed to be effective. It is not always possible to make amends directly but indirect amends, like doing volunteer work or helping someone anonymously, can help too.
- Depression – People who are depressed tend to dwell on the past and think more negative thoughts than happy people. Try this exercise to let go of the past. Write down all the things that you are dwelling on. You can symbolically let go of the things you wrote down by burning the paper or by attaching it to a balloon while imagining the past floating away with the balloon. Remind yourself that you cannot go back and change the past so you need to let go of it. There are obviously some forms of depression that are more serious and cannot be relieved so easily. If your depression persists, interferes with your functioning or you have thoughts of harming yourself or others, seek professional help. Some depression can be more chemical than psychological and may need medication to be alleviated. Therapy can also help you work on letting go of the past and learn to think more positively.
- Anxiety – People who have anxiety tend to be more focused on the future and worry about things that might happen. Staying in the present moment and learning about mindfulness can help relieve anxiety. Changing thoughts that start with “what if” or “I should” can help relieve anxiety. Relaxation techniques like breathing exercises, meditation or yoga can help alleviate anxiety symptoms. However like depression, if your anxiety persists or interferes with your functioning, seek professional help.
- Cravings – It is normal for the addicted person to have cravings for their substance of choice. Having a good support system can help because cravings can stop when you talk about them. 12 Step groups have a saying, “secrets keep you sick.” This means that when you don’t verbalize a craving and you keep it a secret, you are more likely to act on it. The need for support is why many addicts choose to go to Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous meetings. Other recovering addicts understand cravings and can help you cope with them. Focusing on the consequences of returning to active addiction can be a good tool as well. Try keeping a list of the negative things that could happen if you return to active addiction. You can include things on your list like health problems, jail, arguments with family members or your spouse and losing material possessions.
- Coping Skills – An important part of healing the mind is developing healthy coping skills. There will be times in recovery when life doesn’t go the way you want it to go. Or you will feel things that you don’t want to feel like pain, anger or sadness. Coping skills are the tools that will help you deal with life’s problems. Some examples of coping skills are talking to someone, distracting yourself, doing something active or physical, doing something fun, finding a creative outlet and spending time with family and friends.
Healing the Body
Any addiction will cause changes to your body and especially your brain. Your body and brain need time to heal from the addiction and adjust to life without substances. There are some things that you can do in the meantime to help your body heal.
- Proper nutrition – During active addiction, most addicts don’t have the money or the inclination to eat properly. The body may be depleted of the essential nutrients that it needs to function. A balanced diet with lean protein, whole grains, fruits and vegetables will provide you with the vitamins and minerals you need.
- Supplements – Because addicts often lack proper nutrition, you may want to take a multivitamin to help replace vitamins you did not get during your addiction. Even with proper nutrition, it is difficult to eat a sufficient variety of foods to get all the vitamins and minerals the body needs. There are also over the counter supplements that can help with some problems that are common among recovering addicts. Some examples are melatonin for sleep, and St. John’s Wart or vitamin D for depression. Always check with your doctor before taking any vitamins and minerals. Even over the counter supplements can sometimes interact with medications you take or cause problems with certain disorders.
- Water – It’s important to drink plenty of water every day. Your body is composed mostly of water and needs to be replenished to keep your organs in good working order. Everyone is different and may need different amounts of water. However, it is recommended that men drink about 13 cups of water and women drink 9 cups of water a day.
- Exercise – Getting regular exercise will help reduce depression which is common in people recovering from addiction. Exercise releases endorphins which make you feel good. Endorphins are the body’s natural morphine. They bind to the same receptors in the brain as pain medication, heroin and other opiates.
Healing the Spirit
Spirituality can be an important part of your life, and it’s often neglected while in active addiction. Spirituality is not necessarily about any particular religion – it can be about believing in something bigger than you or it can be about personal well-being and personal development. However you think about spirituality, it can be an important part of your recovery to heal your spiritual self. Here are some ways to heal spiritually.
- If you attended a particular church or believed in a particular religion before your addiction, try returning to your church or religion. Attending regular services and participating in religious activities may help you heal spiritually.
- If you are unsure what you believe in, you can try going to different churches and learning about different religions. Research churches in your area online and find a couple that feel right to you. Try going to a different service each week until you find one you feel good about.
- Talk to religious leaders in your area to learn more about their beliefs and explore your own. Let them know you want to work on healing your spiritual self and ask them what they suggest.
- Try reading the sacred books of different religions. The more you learn about what other people believe, the more that you may find that some feel right to you while others do not. This does not mean that any particular spiritual path or religion is right or wrong. It’s more about finding the one that is right for you.
- Read books about spirituality. Examine what the authors believe in and see if it fits with your life and what you believe in.
- Try watching television shows or documentaries about spirituality. Look for something that you feel is right and you think you can believe in.
- You can find a Higher Power that you believe in. A Higher Power does not have to be connected to any religion but it can be. If you attend Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous meetings, your Higher Power can be your sponsor, your home group or the group as a whole. A Higher Power can be nature, science or God. It is whatever you believe in that is greater than you.
- You can choose to work on your personal development as a part of healing your spiritual self. Look for things that you feel will make you a better person. Try new activities and learn more about the world. Think about your values and beliefs. Ask yourself questions like, “What can I do to better myself and my world?” and “What are my values, beliefs and morals?” Think about who you are as a person and who you want to be.
- Having a purpose in life can help heal your spiritual self as well. Try finding a cause that you believe in. Doing volunteer work can help you work toward a purpose. Or find something that you believe in that you can work to improve. Many recovering addicts choose to work in fields that will help other addicts.
I know that healing your body, mind and spirit may seem overwhelming. However, you have plenty of time to work on healing your whole self. It is an ongoing process which you may work on over your entire lifetime. You spent years in addiction and it will take time to heal from the damage done. The important thing is to continue working to improve yourself and your life.


Did people really step on grapes?
- Top best answers to the question «Did people really step on grapes»
- FAQ. Those who are looking for an answer to the question «Did people really step on grapes?» often ask the following questions
- Your answer
- 22 Related questions
Top best answers to the question «Did people really step on grapes»
There is ample evidence that humans have stepped on grapes in vats, tubs and lagars to make wine for at least 8,000 years.
Those who are looking for an answer to the question «Did people really step on grapes?» often ask the following questions:
❔ Are grapes really purple?
- Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. "White" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape.
❔ How to draw grapes step by step tutorial?
- Grapes drawing step by step. To make this tutorial easier it can be split into two parts. One is drawing the grapes and the other is drawing the leaves. Alternatively you can draw both the leaves and the grapes at the same time by simply combining the corresponding steps for each one (Step 1 and 4, step 2 and 5, etc…).
- Were the grapes really sour?
- How to make wine from grapes step by step?
- How do you make wine from grapes step by step?
❔ Are frozen grapes really good?
They're also packed with nutrition and are high in Vitamins C and B-1, flavonoids, disease-fighting antioxidants, potassium, and manganese. They're low-fat and low-calorie, which makes them a perfect snack food. Frozen grapes offer a healthy choice over other frozen treats.
- Are dogs really allergic to grapes?
- Are grapes really good for you?
- Are grapes really that poisonous for dogs?
We've handpicked 22 related questions for you, similar to «Did people really step on grapes?» so you can surely find the answer!
Did the fox really want the grapes?
The phrase originated in Aesop's Fables, in a story called “The Fox and the Grapes.” A fox sees a juicy bunch of grapes hanging from a trellised vine and yearns to have them… In an attempt to save his reputation and cure his smarting ego, the fox says the grapes were sour anyway, so he never really wanted them.
Do people eat grapes with wine?
Are they edible at all? A: Wine grapes are edible but they're really not meant to be eaten out of hand like table grapes.
Why do people color grapes purple?
- Quercetin is a type of plant pigment called a flavonoid, which is responsible, along with resveratrol, for the color of purple grapes. Quercetin is a potent antioxidant that stabilizes and removes free radicals.
Why do people eat sea grapes?
You can also add sea grapes to soups or have grilled sea grapes. With that said, sea grapes are often always eaten raw because cooking them destroys their flavor and unique texture. You can also turn the sea grapes into a sushi dish or have it with ponzu, which is a citrusy sauce.
Can white wine really come from red grapes?
While red varietals are used to make red wine, white wine can actually be made from red or white grapes. For instance, traditional French champagne is made with the red Pinot Noir grape. Many...
Can white wines really come from red grapes?
- You can make white wine , including Champagne, from red grapes. Real-deal French Champagne relies on three varieties, pinot noir, pinot meunier and chardonnay. The first two are red. Often Champagne is blended from all three, though it can be made from just one or two. All grape juice is white. Only the skins of red berries contain the dark pigment.
Is boxed wine really made from reused grapes?
I was told that box wine is made from already processed grapes, as in, a second use of the grapes. Is that true? —Bertrand H., South Africa. Dear Bertrand, Just because a wine is sold in a box, you really can’t make any assumptions about how the wine tastes or how it was made.
What really killed grandpa in grapes of wrath?
The first death for the Joads is Grandpa Joad who died of a stroke along their route to California… At sundown, the family pulls over to camp, and they find themselves by Ivy and Sarah (Sairy) Wilson, a couple from Kansas, stranded with a broken-down car.
Do people really win pch?
People Really Do Win Prizes From PCH Sweepstakes The good news is that Publishers Clearing House's sweepstakes really are legitimate. The bad news is that it is extremely hard to win their mega prizes.
What do french people use grapes for?
Grapes are used as fruits, or to produce wine.
Which activist asked people to boycott grapes?
- In the late 1960s, grapes grabbed national attention—and not in a good way. Newly organized farm workers, fronted by Mexican-American civil-rights activist Cesar Chavez, asked Americans to boycott the popular California fruit because of the paltry pay and poor work conditions agricultural laborers were forced to endure.
Can you really make white wine from red grapes?
- Yes, it's possible to make a white wine from red wine grapes. Rather than extracting flavors and colors from the red grape skins, they limit contact with the skins. The juice from red wine grapes can be pretty clear on its own. Oct 23 2019
Do people really win the lottery?
Do people really win 10, 100, 200 million dollars / euros / pounds in the lottery? I wonder. If you were to tally all of the supposed annual lottery winnings in the United States or Europe for a given year, how much would they amount to in total? Would such a presumably huge amount of money even be sustainable?
Do people still crush grapes with their feet?
To be clear, nobody is saying that ancient people didn’t crush grapes with their feet to extract the juices ; rather, it is known that man has had a much more efficient alternative to this method for at least 6000 years. We know this because in early 2011 archaeologists uncovered the remnants of an archaic winery, complete with a wine press dating back to 4000 BC in Armenia. Wine itself can ...
How many grapes can people eat every day?
one thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight.
Where are people finding / buying tear drop grapes?
- Enjoy these posts below. A little hint to where people are getting them I have heard: Plum Market in Michigan, the Fresh Market stores in the midwest, Sprouts stores on the west coast, and various Whole Food Market stores. Don't forget to follow me on Instagram to see where I am finding these grapes as well as the other Grapery varieties.
Why did people smash grapes with bare feet?
And according to Alevras, the foot is actually the perfect natural machine for crushing grapes. The pressure from human force is gentle enough so that the seeds won't break, which can release an unideal astringent taste into the wine. And, Alevras explains, a human has the intuitive control over when to stop.
Can you really make white wine from red wine grapes?
The answer. You can make white wine, including Champagne, from red grapes. Real-deal French Champagne relies on three varieties, pinot noir, pinot meunier and chardonnay. The first two are red ...
How much alcohol do people really drink?
How Much Alcohol Do People Really Drink? • In the United States, the average person consumes 2.5 gallons (9.5 liters) of alcohol per year. • In Nigeria, the average person consumes 3.4 gallons (13 liters) of alcohol per year. • In Belarus, the average person consumes 4.6 gallons (17.5 liters) of ...
How many grapes do people eat on new year's?
As the tradition goes, believers eat 12 grapes at midnight, one for each month of the year. According to one story, the ritual started in Spain around 1900, when a grape grower had a bumper crop, says Pelaccio, and was creative about giving away the surplus.
How many lbs of grapes needed for 200 people?
We need to know what else they are eating - - -
How many people will a pound of grapes feed?
In my case, ONE.


Pain is one of the most unpleasent and feared symptoms of the sick. It is, therefore, a subjective experience: its experience depends on the characteristics of the person who experiences it, a vital aspect to consider for treatment.
We must identify physical and non-physical components that make up the concept of “total pain” or suffering, which encompasses the physical stimulus with the psychological, social and spiritual factors of the people affected, its context and meaning.
Nursing care in the treatment of pain:
In a didactic way, nursing care can be grouped around two fundamental levels of participation in pain management:
The Independent level involves the assessment, planning and administration of nursing treatments, mainly non-invasive pain control techniques and habit education to prevent or reduce the number of episodes.
Interdependent level, together with the rest of the multidisciplinary team, participating from their area of training and knowledge in the assessment, administration of treatments (invasive techniques, drugs, etc.) and monitoring of the evolution of the patient and the family group
Check with the patient:
– Quality (oppressive, burning, stabbing, like
electric shocks, fixed and continuous)
Since it is such a subjective experience, we must believe the patient, avoiding phrases such as :
- “Hold very little”,
- “Complains too much”,
- “It can’t hurt because…”,
- “He is very nervous”,
- “Wait, I have something more important to do”,
- “What do you want if it is as if a truck had run over you.”
Administer the analgesic prescribed by the doctor to control a specific type of pain (these are individualised treatments):
– The most sensible thing is to anticipate the onset of pain, administering prescribed analgesics at fixed times, “by the clock”, according to the half-life of the analgesic in question. Never prescribe painkillers on demand.
– Evaluate and record the response to treatment
– Avoid hopelessness and never say phrases such as: “what I gave you should have relieved you”, “I can do nothing else to help you”, and “you don’t have any more painkillers.”
Painkillers side effects:
Nurses must recognise these problems if they appear and reinforce the information that the doctor would have offered to the patient, always clearly and understandably.
Do not use placebos: “the only accurate conclusion regarding the person who reacts positively to a placebo is that he wants pain relief very strongly and that he trusts something or someone to help him obtain it.”
Reduce painful stimulus whenever possible:
– Avoid unnecessary movement
– Make the patient adopt the most appropriate positions to avoid pain
Help to position yourself comfortably without muscle tension.
- Alter pain perception
- Try to reduce the factors that lower the pain threshold.
- social neglect
- Introversion etc
Use the environment in therapy. Provide a suitable atmosphere, paying attention to details: light, temperature, smells, music, colours, photographs, desserts, plants… these little things can make the patient focus their attention on more pleasant sensations, thus having a positive effect on the painful perception experienced.
Encourage him to combat boredom, using the methods of distraction that the patient prefers and that can be adapted to his current possibilities: watching television, reading, painting, listening to music, walking, etc. Of course, these methods alone will never be an alternative to medication.
Adopt complementary measures to treat pain if deemed appropriate:
- Cutaneous stimulation: heat, cold, massage, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
- Cognitive-behavioural techniques: relaxation, hypnosis, positive reinforcement, music therapy, guided imagery, biofeedback, etc.
Establish adequate communication with the patient:
Demonstrate a sincere interest in him and his pain, listen actively, adopt an empathic attitude, being aware that patients respond to verbal and non-verbal behaviour. Always maintain a calm, serene mood, offering him an affectionate, concerned and understanding relationship.
With the family: promote the potential support of the family by involving them in care, recognising their work and favouring the rapprochement that hospitalisation sometimes interrupts.
Give information: a family that knows what is happening and the measures being adopted is more effective in supporting the patient. Warn them to identify any factor unrelated to the disease that may contribute to increased pain and signs of depression, anxiety, irritability, etc.
To promote proper action. With the rest of the team: all the information given to the patient must be followed by the other colleagues, establishing objectives and care plans agreed upon by all the team members. In addition, being able to count on an interdisciplinary group and working as a team will more effectively solve the problems and difficulties that arise.
Monitor the patient’s response to analgesia and other measures taken.
Evaluate, document and record the evolution of the patient and the achievement of results.


The Litany of Mary is a powerful prayer written in the Middle Ages, which is also known as the “Litany of Loreto.” There are twenty names of Mary which are called in the Litany, some of which are well known, and others that are not but just as powerful. The last six are additional names and devotions to our holy Mother.
1. Mary, Holy Mother of God
Genetically, Mary contributed half of Jesus’ genetic matter by participating in His human creation and carrying His human body. She is not divine, but her Son is. Therefore, she is Theotokos, literally meaning “God-bearer”. We celebrate her feast day on January 1. Click here to learn more.
2. Holy Virgin of Virgins
In order to carry the Son of God, Mary needed to be a virgin for many reasons, which are listed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Jesus needed to never be estranged from the Father, so there would be no doubt that He came from the Father and not another human man (CCC 503). This keeps his divinity. Mary’s virginity is also a sign of her faith and undivided gift of herself to God’s will (CCC 506). And Mary is the symbol and perfect realization of the Church, “who keeps in its entirety and purity the faith she pledged to her spouse” (CCC 507). Click here to learn more.
3. Mother of the Church
When Mary was called during the Annunciation, she gave her consent to the coming messianic kingdom, which would ultimately be the formation of the Church. She was also present with the apostles praying in the upper room when the Holy Spirit descended on them, giving birth to the new Church here on Earth. Each member of the of the Body of Christ is a part of her Son, and she wraps us in her mantle and protects us from evil. Click here to learn more or here to EWTN.
4. Mother of Divine Grace
Mary received distinctive blessings so that she could be the most fitted mother for Christ, this includes her Immaculate Conception, her spiritual motherhood of all Christians, and Assumption into heaven. She is Full of Grace because she was saved before birth, whereas we are saved after we are baptized with the Holy Spirit. Click here to learn more.
5. Mother of Good Counsel
Mary was given this name after this painting was said to be miraculous. According to tradition, the townfolk heard suddenly “exquisite music” and a mysterious cloud descended and obliterated an unfinished wall of the parish. The cloud dissipated and revealed the beautiful fresco of the Virgin Mary and Christ Child. Click here to learn more.
6. Virgin Most Merciful
Mary is full of grace, mercy and compassion, she is not only able, but willing to supply mercy to all who invoke her sweet name. Mercy is “a heart for the miserable” and Mary has a particular sympathy and compassion for those suffering souls in Purgatory. She presents our prayers, along with hers, to her Son to release the souls from Purgatory. Click here to learn more.
7. Mirror of Justice
Just as a mirror reflects your image, Mary was the reflection of Jesus, the one who came to justify us all. Justice is the perfect state of the soul, completion of all virtues. And just as a clean, flawless mirror reflects a perfect image, she reflected the virtues of Jesus perfectly. Click here to learn more.
8. Seat of Wisdom
Mary is the Seat of Wisdom because wisdom became incarnate in her son Jesus whom she carried. She also possessed and practiced true wisdom, not the wisdom of this world. Click here to learn more.
9. Mystical Rose
Mary has shown us that the rose is her favorite flower, through the mysterious roses that Juan Diego picked before giving him her image on his tilma, to the garland of roses she wore during her apparitions at La Sallette, to the beautiful roses she brought at Lourdes, Pontmain, Pellevoisin, Beauaing and Banneaux. It is said, for every Hail Mary we say, is like placing a rose at her feet. Click here to learn more.
10. Tower of David
The Tower of David was one of great strength and beauty and used for the defense of the city of Jerusalem during King David’s reign. Mary is a symbol of the tower because of the virtues which she presented in beauty and strength. She also defended and protected her Son, and continues to defend and protect us, His brothers and sisters. Click here to learn more.
11. Tower of Ivory
Ivory has long been a symbol of peace, wealth and joyous feasting. It is through the wealth of grace that we are brought into union of God through Mary. Click here to learn more.
12. Ark of the Covenant
She was the precious vessel that carried the promise or covenant of God to Abraham. Just as God dwelt inside the Ark of the Covenant that was carried by the Levites, just as Jesus was carried by the new Ark, the womb of Mary.Click here to learn more.
13. Gate of Heaven
Jesus told us that we can only get to the Father through the Son, but Jesus had to get to us through his Mother, Mary. Therefore, she is called the “Gate of Heaven” because she delivered Jesus to us.
14. Morning Star
As the “morning star” shines brightly before the sun rises, so Mary as Mother of Jesus, who is the Light of the World (the Sun) preceded his coming. Click here to learn more.
15. Conceived Without Original Sin
Mary is referred to as the Immaculate Conception because when she was conceived by her parents, she was given the grace of being saved by Christ before she was born. She was redeemed and remained sinless from the moment of her conception throughout her life. Click here to learn more.
16. Comforter of the Afflicted
During our time of sorrows and pain, we need to ask Mary to wrap us in her mantle just as she did to protect Jesus when she and Joseph fled to Egypt. She, in watching her Son be sacrificed before her on the Cross, knows what true sorrow, heartbreak and sadness. She understands our pain and can comfort us in our sorrow and trials. Click here to learn more.
17. Queen of Angels
When the mother of God is seated on her throne beside her Divine Son, it is the angels who are often envisioned as placing her crown upon her head. The name is also tied to the Assumption of Mary into Heaven, and described in Revelation as “a woman clothed with the sun, the head a crown of twelve stars.” (Rev. 12:1) Click here to learn more.
18. Queen of all Saints
None of the saints became saints without a devotion to the one whom Jesus came to us through. She was the one who carried and cared for our Lord throughout His life, and was a perfect example of a saintly life, here on earth and in Heaven. Click here to learn more.
19. Queen Assumed into Heaven
The kings of Judah could have multiple wives, but they only had one mother – the queen mother. She was the most important and influential women in the royal court. A king would always listen to his mother! Jesus’ bride is the Universal Church. He is the King of kings, which would make Mary, the Queen of Heaven. Click here to learn more.
20. Queen of the Holy Rosary
The use of “prayer beads” and repeated prayers has been a long time practice from the earliest of days from the Church. The Rosary as we know it is credited to a vision given to St. Dominic. In 1571, Pope Pius V asked the faithful to pray the rosary in preparation for battle, and ask the Lord for victory to the Christians against the Moslem. Although outnumbered, the Christians won and thanks were given to the Lord and the powerful intercession of our Blessed Mother. Click here to learn more.
21. Undoer of Knots
Eve, by her disobedience tied the human race into the knots of sin, conversely, Mary, through her obedience to the will of the Father unties these knots. Click here to learn more.
22. Star of the Sea
The title of Mary as Star of the Sea can be traced back to St. Jerome who referred to Mary as Stella maris. Referring to Mary as Star of the Sea shows how she is both a guiding star and a beacon of hope for Christians. Our Lady Star of the Sea is the patroness of seafarers. Click here to learn more.
23. Mother Most Sorrowful
The title of Mother Most Sorrowful comes from the ancient devotion to Our Lady’s seven sorrows. Mary Most Sorrowful is traditionally depicted with seven swords in her heart or the image of the pieta as is seen above. Click here to learn more.
24. Mother Thrice Admirable
Perhaps the most popular Marian devotion in Germany, Mary as Mother Thrice Admirable is the patroness of the Schonstatt community. According to Fr. Kenntenich, founder of Schonstattt, Mary is thrice admirable because she is Mother of God, the Mother of Christ, and the Mother of all human beings. Click here to learn more.
25. Mother of Perpetual Help
This title for Mary takes its name from the icon pictured above, purportedly painted by St. Luke whilst Mary was still living on Earth. According to tradition, Mary is said to have stated that her grace will always accompany this icon. Click here to learn more.
26. Refuge of Sinners
Just as Mary sheltered the Christ Child within her womb, so do does she offer a safe haven for all of us sinners who seek her intercession. Although Jesus Christ remains our only mediator and advocate with the Father, Mary is the intermediary between a sinful world and her most beloved Son. Click here to learn more.


Pregnancy and Oral Health
Healthcare professionals: use Protect Tiny Teeth, a free set of resources, to talk to pregnant women and new moms about the importance of oral health.
One way to prevent cavities in young children is to improve pregnant women’s oral health. Pregnancy may make women more prone to periodontal (gum) disease and cavities. Oral health may be considered an important part of prenatal care, given that poor oral health during pregnancy can lead to poor health outcomes for the mother and baby. Protect Tiny TeethExternal includes a mix of attention-grabbing materials to spark awareness that oral health should be part of prenatal care, and tips on how pregnant women and new moms can protect their oral health and the oral health of their infants.
Pregnancy and Periodontal Disease
Nearly 60 to 75% of pregnant women have gingivitis, an early stage of periodontal disease that occurs when the gums become red and swollen from inflammation that may be aggravated by changing hormones during pregnancy.1 If gingivitis is not treated, the bone that supports the teeth can be lost, and the gums can become infected. Teeth with little bone support can become loose and may eventually have to be extracted. Periodontitis has also been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight.2 However, how periodontitis may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes is not yet fully understood.
Pregnancy and Dental Cavities
Pregnant women may also be at risk for cavities due to changes in behaviors, such as eating habits.3 Women who have a lot of cavity-causing bacteria during pregnancy and after delivery could transmit these bacteria from their mouth to the mouth of their baby.4 Early contact with these bacteria and to other sugars, such as from frequent snacking or taking a bottle to bed, can lead to early childhood cavities and the need for extensive dental care at a young age.
- 1 in 4 women of childbearing age have untreated cavities.5
- Children of mothers who have high levels of untreated cavities or tooth loss are more than 3 times more likely to have cavities as a child.6
- Children with poor oral health status are nearly 3 times more likely to miss school because of dental pain.7
How Protect Tiny Teeth Can Help
All health care providers, including primary care, pediatric and maternity care providers, may consider paying more careful attention to oral health. Through a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics worked to create Protect Tiny TeethExternal, an oral health communications resource designed to make conversations easier between pregnant women, moms and her healthcare providers.
Protect Tiny Teeth includes a mix of attention-grabbing materials to spark awareness that oral health should be part of prenatal care and tips on how to protect the oral health of their infants. Resources for medical providers and community liaisons with infographics and brief videos with tips for how to reach the intended audience are also included. The materials are designed to support assessing women’s and young children’s needs, and provide talking points for a conversation about oral health and resources to leave with the woman.
The Protect Tiny Teeth toolkit is available for free access on AAP.orgExternal with materials in English and Spanish with some materials available in multiple languages. A web site for the public is also available at Healthychildren.org/tinyteethExternal.
- CDC Division of Oral Health, Oral Health Basics
- American Academy of Pediatrics, Protect Tiny Teeth Toolkit for Pregnant and New MomsExternal
- American Academy of Pediatrics, Protect Tiny Teeth Toolkit for Providers External
- American Dental Association Council on Access, Prevention, and Interprofessional Relations, 2006.
- Corbella S, Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M, Francetti L, Weinstein R, Ferrazzi E. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis exploring potential association. Quintessence Int. 2016 Mar;47(3):193-204. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a34980.
- Romero BC, Chiquito CS, Elejalde LE, Bernadoni CB. Relationship between periodontal disease in pregnant women and the nutritional condition of their newborns. J Periodontol 2002;73:1177-1183.
- Azofeifa A, Yeung LF, Alverson CJ, Beltrán‐Aguilar E. Dental caries and periodontal disease among U.S. pregnant women and nonpregnant women of reproductive age, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2004. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 2016;76: 320-329. doi:10.1111/jphd.12159.
- Lindquist B, Emilson CG. Colonization of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus genotypes and caries development in children to mothers harboring both species. Caries Res. 2004;38(2):95-103.
- Dye BA, Vargas CM, Lee JJ, Magder L, Tinanoff N. Assessing the Relationship Between Children’s Oral Health Status and That of Their Mothers. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011;142(2), 173-183. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2011.0061.
- Jackson SL, Vann WF, Kotch JB, Pahel BT, Lee JY. Impact of poor oral health on children’s school attendance and performance. Am J Public Health 2011;101:1900–6.


The response essay is assigned when a student is asked to provide a personal reaction or a response to something that has been heard, read, seen, or experienced. As such, this type of essay is one of the most frequently assigned, and it requires introspection, critical thinking, attention to detail, and, of course solid writing skills.
Why Buy Response Essay?
Start with the Thesis Statement
The thesis in a response essay could be about image use in the workplace or it could concern parallels with the writer’s own career or life.
Body of the Essay
The main body of a response essay usually means working carefully through the assignment’s question and closely examining every aspect that is relevant to it. Often, there is an excessive amount of material to cover so it makes sense to focus on a small number of specific points.
Regardless of whether you buy response essays or write your own, the following are techniques for reading a literary work:
- Identify the primary literary techniques and devices, e.g., images, metaphors, similes, onomatopoeia, assonance, alliteration, and similar. The aim is to demonstrate how these contribute to conveying the meaning of the author’s work in its entirety.
- Identify any themes that are evident in different parts of the literary piece and demonstrate how these have a bearing on the entire work.
- Locate the origins of different words, e.g., the Latin or Greek origins or the archaic application of the words and demonstrate how an author has made use of these to add complexity to his or her work.
- Link aspects of the literary work to the experiences or life of the author.
All that is necessary is to show how most of the evidence relates to and supports your central thesis. Where there is or may be significant opposition or counter arguments against your essay’s thesis, you can have another shot at these. What do you think the instigator or creator is trying to achieve?
A good starting point may be to analyze an old literary work afresh. Look for subtle undercurrents and/or points that might add weight to your argument, which has not appeared in any other essay. A great starting point is to develop a strong thesis, but do not imply that an existing work is trying to convey something the original author is not likely to have intended. (There is a great deal of theory and critical thinking on this issue, but if you are not working on an essay for graduate level, simply confine yourself to things that are relevant to a particular author.)
The following are examples of popular topics for response essays:
- An article that changed your outlook on life
- Fashions of last Fall
- Your response to a TV documentary
- Your favorite band’s latest album
- A movie you can keep watching
- New business theories
- Your response to yellow press
The topic ideas listed above should give you some ideas or at least a starting point. Regardless of what subject matter you have chosen, your own personality, attitudes and thoughts should be evident.
Custom Response Essay Help
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There are several specific types of response essays, as follows:
- The critical response essay: To prepare this essay, one will usually have read, heard, or seen something and must now provide a critical eye, perhaps analyzing the arguments made. One might, for example, listen to a politician’s speech and then analyze the arguments and points for validity. Attention to detail and specific reference to parts of that speech will be included in the essay;
- The summary response essay: Again, you may have read or heard something and will be asked to discern the main points made by the author or speaker and to summarize them;
- The reaction response essay: This type will require you to provide a personal response to something read, heard, or seen and, usually, to give a well-considered opinion as a part of your reaction;
- The literary response essay: This essay is created in response to something read, either fictional or non-fictional. If you have, for example, read a harrowing tale, how did you react to the characters and to the events that occurred? If you read a non-fiction work, what is your reaction to the points made? How was the tone?
It is obvious that the response essay can be wide-ranging and complex. If you experience difficulty in preparing one of these essays, you can buy custom essays of this type from the online essay service of Cheap-Essays.org. We have exceptional professionals who write response essays daily for students in secondary, college and graduate schools. If you want to buy an original, creative and beautifully-written response essay, you need to contact us. We know that other essay services will brag about a cheap essay price, but we also know that they do not have the writing expertise that we have. If you want the grade, you will want Cheap-Essays.org.
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When completing the order form, please double check that the information you leave is precise and accurate. The accuracy of the instructions you provide will determine how satisfactorily your paper is written. Our diligent writers strictly follow instructions so the more comprehensive the information you provide, the better the results will be.
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The deadline for your order will start counting down as soon as you submit payment. Once payment is received by our company, one of our writers will commence work on your behalf. Our company guarantees a superior quality of service and a solid money back guarantee.
As well as guaranteeing your money back in the event you are not entirely satisfied, we also protect customers from Internet fraud. This is thanks to the efforts of our billing team who may ask you for identity verification. Therefore, you can expect to get a call from our representatives asking you to confirm details of your order or to verify your identity/billing address.
Monitor your email messages for confirmation of your order and keep this in case you need to refer to it in the future.
Once you order from our website, you will shortly receive a letter of confirmation. This will have all relevant information about our period of cooperation. The message will contain answers to potential questions as well as recommendations, tips, and guidelines. It will also prompt you to upload any additional information or materials. (NB: Customers are obliged to provide all order-related materials and instructions before we can allocate a writer to an order so that the writer has clear information to work from). So please retain this email so that you can refer to it in the future if you need to.
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As our writers proceed to write a great response essay for you, it is possible we will need you to clarify various aspects of your instructions to satisfy your professor. Hence, we ask that you respond promptly to requests from our representatives. Please keep an eye on your messages and email for order-related communications. We encourage you to maintain communication with your assigned writer through our company’s messaging system and to ask that person any questions you have regarding your order.
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