Limonsito is a smooth shrub growing to a height of 2 meters. Leaf has two sharp
and slender spines at the base. Leaves have three
leaflets, ovate to oblong-ovate, the terminal one 2 to 4 centimeters long; the
lateral ones, smaller. Margin is crenate, the petioles very short. Flowers are very short-stalked,
white, fragrant, and about 1 centimeter long. Fruit is ovoid, fleshy and red,
somewhat resinous, about 12 millimeters long.
- Throughout the Philippines
in thickets and settled areas, in some places gregarious and abundant.
- Introduced; probably Chinese in origin.
- Pantropic in cultivation.
- Naturalized in many countries.
for its ornamental fragrant flower and edible red fruit. Attractive
as a garden hedge.
Leaves and fruits.
• Study yielded a new bicoumarin from the leaves and stems; the
two coumarinic moieties are derivatives of mexoticin and meranzin hydrate.
• Oil yielded 81 compounds; the main constituent
was germacrene B.
• Berries are lemon-scented.
• Fragrant white flowers have a scent of orange blossoms.
• Leaves exude a resinous scent when bruised.
• Considered antifungal and antibacterial.
Edibility / Nutrition
- Fruit is edible, eaten raw or cooked.
- Ripe fruit is pleasant and sweet tasting.
- Fruit can be pickled or made into jams.
- Leaves applied externally for colic, diarrhea, and skin afflictions.
- Fruits used for cough and sore throat.
- Preparation: Peel the fruits and soak overnight lime (apog) water. Rinse,
and boil in 1 cup water with 1/2 cup sugar. Rinse and boil a second
and third time as preferred, syrupy or candied, using as needed for
cough or sore throat.
- Among islanders of the Indian Ocean, fresh crushed leaves applied to dandruff. Also, used for coughs.
- In the Dutch Indies, natives apply the leaves to the body for various complaints: diarrhea colic, and skin diseases.
- In Guyana, fruit is cooked in water and sugar, used as remedy for coughs to loosen phlegm.
- Baths: Leaves used in making aromatic bath salts.
- Cosmetic: Leaves used in cosmetics.
/ Anti-HSV: Study
on the inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds on herpes simplex virus
and HIV included 13 coumarins from Triphasia trifolia. The data suggests
the bis-hydroxyphenyl structure as a potential target for anti-HSV and
HIV drugs development. (1)
• Bicoumarin: Study yielded a new bicoumarin from the leaves and stems of Triphasia trifolia.The two coumarinic moieties are derivatives of mexoticin and meranzin hydrate. (2)


This quote is a perfect example of 'Courage Doesn't Mean Loud'. This phrase means that to be courageous, you don't have to make it on world news, or be published in the New York Times. Courage simply means to challenge yourself; to go beyond what you normally do and exceed your 'limitations'. This doesn't necessarily mean that you have to do something the whole world must know. Remember, the smallest things have the biggest impact on our lives.
Courage can also simply be dealing with problems that you may encounter any day. When we feel like giving up, courage is what brings us back. After the heavy snowstorms this year, who gave some of us the nerve to step out of the house and drive? Courage did. When we feel drowsy, who wakes us up each morning to face a new day - a day where you know absolutely anything can happen? Courage Does. Day to day things that may not seem to hold much importance, involve courage.
Is there a certain goal that you'd like to reach? Do you have the confidence in yourself that you will be able to accomplish it? Most of all, do you have the courage to deny the tempting parking spaces in the way? Only you have the answers to these questions - and you will only seek the answers when you journey to your goal. Challenge yourself, and go beyond your thought - after all, the smallest things have the greatest impact.
Live your goal.


What, why and how of cookies affecting your privacy
Privacy on the web is a heated subject. You can tell it is because websites like Slashdot have their own section dedicated to it; at the beginning of every movie that you watch there is a bit that says ‘You wouldn’t steal a car‘; the media erupts into seizures every time Facebook changes their terms and conditions. The Wall Street Journal released a series of articles recently about your privacy online and they started off on the humble cookie. And it turns out that it probably is all the web analytic’s industry fault (more on that later).
What is a Cookie?
Let us start at the beginning, like the WSJ did. A cookie is a small text file that is associated with your browser. It can only be read by the website that sets it and also can only be written to by the website that sets it. Typically it is a random string of letters and numbers that are unique to your browser.
Simple? Well maybe so, but the reason it is causing so much controversy is the way that it is used. Initially this cookie was used so that the website you were on could write some settings into it that would allow the website to remember you between visits (or indeed between pages in a session) and allow them to maintain some personalisation (eg a “Hello Alec” message). Well this is where it got complicated, because it turns out that you can then use this information to work out how many people have seen the website, because you can count the number of cookies in your log files.
Assuming that people don’t delete them from their browser that is. Or use a different browser. Or a different computer. Or more than one person using the same computer. Ok, they aren’t that accurate at all, but at least you can tie a session together. Assuming you don’t delete them. Or block them.
Is this A Problem?
Now in the unlikely event that a social networking site (say facebook) wanted to buy some advertising for a big newspaper website (say WSJ), they’d probably be allowed to put some interactive content into that advert, which would be loaded from their server, which you have a cookie with, because you’re logged in on a different tab. Now facebook can serve you a personalised ad on another website without you knowing how it got your information. Not that I would suggest that facebook would do that, of course.
What happens next?
Well if you are a reader of this blog, you may have noticed that the EU are taking a hard line on this and are putting in place legislation to make it more explicit on the cookies you are giving to a user. This is good for the users, isn’t it? Well not really, because you will only have to agree once and most of the big advertisers run on big networks. So you could allow them to pass cookies to you on one website and still be allowing them access on another website.
The IAB (the auditors of the advertising industry) are running a campaign on how to improve your privacy and explaining to users what it is that the advertising industry does with their personal information. Although I have to say the first time I saw it was on this blog post by Eric Peterson. And I’m not convinced that it does that much to allay my fears as a consumer (yes I know this is a selective quote, but it was quite near the beginning):
Getting to know you. Sites use demographic data to learn more about you so they can deliver relevant content and ads. If you’re a 30-year-old woman, and an advertiser hopes to reach female users aged 18 to 35, the site recognizes that you’re “eligible” to receive ads from that particular advertiser.
This leads us nicely on to the WAA. For the IAB this is big business. In 2008 the online advertising industry was estimated to be worth $45bn a year worldwide. This is colossal. The WAA industry is nowhere near that size. Potentially the largest of them all, Omniture, got sold for $1.9bn to Adobe last year. We’re basically talking peanuts. But it is the technology that has been built by the web analytics providers that is being used by the advertisers that is causing the trouble. And it appears that we are doing little about it (according to Eric Peterson). At the moment it feels a bit like banning the printing press because it produces pornography.
Really I don’t seem to have many answers. The Web Analytics Association seems to be more focussed on the analysts (or at least the consultants who get to use the benefits of their membership) to want to do anything about this. The Analytics providers don’t appear to see it as their job to fight the causes of the customers they provide for, although it was interesting reading WebTrends take on the EU cookie issue – more interesting was the silence from Omniture, Unica and even Google Analytics (maybe they have lawyers working behind the scenes). The directive itself seems to have not got much press recently, but is meant to be aimed at improving the privacy of users. Even if it isn’t a great way of doing it – surely the better legislation should be websites being more explicit about who they allow to put stuff on their web pages. Any suggestions?


There are a few things you can do to avoid horrible eye diseases as well as treat them in a preventative way. Someone who is trying to see a change in their personal health needs to start looking at these options because each one helps you treat eye diseases, avoid them and cut down the risk of infection.
- Stop Smoking
Anyone who has an eye disease could have developed it because they were smoking. All that latent smoke is harmful to your eyes, and this could create a problem for you. If you want to know more about how to get back the vision, click here to find the solution to your problem. This is a baseline treatment that will help things clear up quickly.
Wearing sunglasses protects your sight more than anything else. The people who have trouble with their sight later in life almost always avoided wearing sunglasses when they were younger. Wearing a hat could have much of the same effect.
You need to do something to keep the sin out of your eyes, and you need to proactive about it. Put your sunglasses on any time your eyes feel weak. Even low light in the mid-afternoon could be hard on your eyes.
Drinking water could be a big contributor to healthy eyes. Hydrating your body helps to keep toxins out of your body, and you will find that you are not as likely to develop little eye problems that make you feel awkward and/or uncomfortable.
- Have A Full Eye Exam Every Year
You should have a full eye exam every year so that you know if your eyes are healthy. Most people who are trying to get a full eye exam will find that they need to go through a long list of procedures just to get the help that they need.
If you are unsure of where to go, you could easily go to a doctor that does nothing but exams. This saves you a lot of time, and this will make it so that you do not need to spend a lot of extra money on your eye care.
- Read Responsibly
You must make sure that you are reading with the proper glasses or no glasses at all depending on what your options are. Most people who are trying to keep their eyes in good shape need to be careful about reading because you are straining your eyes far too much. You also need to be sure that you have taken a look at what your options are so that you can get the best possible reading glasses to protect your site. This might seem like a small thing, but it makes a difference.
- Change Your Diet
People who eat a good diet are less likely to have progressive eye conditions. Plus, you will find that eating a good diet reduces strain on your body that might improve your eyesight slightly. Someone who has an intense eye condition needs to …
The bid to get healthy and stay fit is a top priority for many people. They do not want to succumb to illnesses and health conditions that they may have prevented by taking better care of their wellness.
Along with working out, eating right, and getting enough rest, you may also add supplements like iron tablets, metabolism boosters, and cetyl m for humans. You can find these and other wellness products designed for an array of health needs by shopping on the company’s website.
Learning More about the Product
If you are new to the supplement market, you might not know what this supplement is or how it can aid your everyday health. You want to know if it has any side effects and from what ingredients it is made.
The website makes is simple for you to do research the product and discover why it comes so highly recommended from people who have used it in the past. By clicking on its picture or its hyperlinked name, you can find all of the details you need to do preliminary research and decide if you want to order it for yourself.
The product description also provides a complete listing of all of the ingredients including the active components that could impact your health. As you can read on the website, all of the ingredients are natural and organic. They do not contain artificial colors or preservatives, which could also impact your decision about buying them.
Products for Pets
While your top priority may involve keeping yourself in the best overall health, you also do not want to neglect the health of your pets. Your pets rely on you to keep them healthy and safe from illnesses and injuries that could shorten their lives.
Along with taking your pets to the veterinarian on a routine basis, you may also ensure their good health by giving them supplements designed for dogs, horses, and other animals. These supplements are available on the website and are also made from all-natural ingredients. They could spare you from having to take your animal to the vet for illnesses or injuries that you otherwise might have prevented.
Adding supplements to your daily regimen could boost your wellness and help you look and feel better. You can extend the life of your pets and research products for both of you by shopping online.…
While many people dream of living a life in which they maintain mood stability, high energy levels, and disease-free bodies, this is not the norm. In fact, many if not most individuals find themselves plagued with issues such as crankiness, unwanted weight gain, lethargy, and at least one pesky, recurring illness. If this is the case for you, it’s important to recognize that you don’t have to let lackluster health remain your normative state of being. Instead, you can begin making lifestyle changes that entail profound levels of wellness. Start now by implementing the following suggestions:
1. Begin Meditating.
Meditating is a wonderful way to break away from the normative thinking patterns that keep you submerged in a realm of lackluster health. In addition to making you aware of negative or cyclical thinking patterns that preclude you from operating in a productive fashion, regular meditation is linked to positive somatic outcomes such as better breathing.
There’s no “right” or “wrong” way to meditate, but it’s important to remember that there are several strategies that you could deploy to improve your levels of success with the enterprise. One of them is dedicating a specific space in which you’ll complete your meditation activities. This could be anywhere from your bedroom to your closet. Any region of your living space in which you’ll feel comfortable and free of distractions is appropriate and advantageous.
Another strategy you can deploy to have success with your new meditation practice is managing your time. Practicing within a manageable block of time such as 10 minutes may prove advantageous. Once you’re successful in remaining present for this period of time, you may want to extend the time period to 15 or 20 minutes.
2. Don’t Become Complacent About Existing Diseases.
Another strategy you can deploy to get healthy is addressing and resolving any medical issues you have. Unfortunately, we live in a society where dealing with disease is normative. Thus rather than striving to eliminate unwanted illnesses from the body, many people simply accept the fact that they have an unwanted condition like arthritis, depression, or obesity. Don’t. Instead, obtain diagnostic services as well as cutting edge, customized treatment assistance that will help you eliminate the condition. If you’re in need of an open MRI scanner to diagnose a condition, you can obtain assistance from a medical community such as Middletown Medical Imaging.
If you’re sick of abiding within the normative realm of chronic fatigue, pesky illnesses, and other realities associated with lackluster health, now is the time to bring that mode of living to an end. Make positive, permanent changes immediately by following the steps to health outlined above!…
Everybody would choose to be happy their entire life if given a chance to choose. Unfortunately, it is not easy to find happiness and more so if you aren’t making any attempt to be happy in life. Many people think the key to happiness is having all the money you can think about.s
The key to happiness is not having all the materialistic things. It is not even a magical thing. The keys to happiness are the common things people overlook.
Everyone can find happiness in their lives. Finding the key to happiness that works for you is all that you need to do. Below are some of the keys to happiness that will change your life if you get them right:
It is obvious that happiness starts with a good health. You make an effort of having a better health if you want to be happy in life. Some of the things that can keep you healthy include working out, eating healthy and having enough sleep.
Friends and family
Your family and friends are the people that will always support you, love, and care for you. You can’t be happy while you are lonely. Involve your friends and family when you are struggling with any problem. These are individuals that you should be seeking help and advice from. Spend some of your time with your friends and family members.
Life at home
Everyone has where they call home. If you can’t find happiness while at home, it is not possible to be happy at work or any other places. You should make your home the place where you go to calm your mind and body after having a very busy day at work. Make your home the place that restores happiness in you.
Finding love for yourself and what you do is one of the keys to happiness. Start thinking positively about yourself and coping with your insecurities. Don’t be so serious with what other people say about you. Get a job that satisfies you and makes you happy.
Meeting spiritual needs
One of the things that you can do to start having a happy life is meeting your spiritual needs. Every person is different in terms of what that gives them spiritually peace. Some people practice yoga or meditate in order to find spiritual calmness. Others will find calmness by relaxing at the beach or in a garden.
There are many things that can enlighten your life and make it worth living. You just need to find that key to happiness that works for you. Finding happiness will start within you and it is your responsibility to look for that thing that makes you happy. Although each person is different, the keys to happiness discussed above will work for every individual.…
Importance of Having a Personal Exercise Plan
Planning the personal exercise is very vital in the part of your overall efforts to ensure making the life health changes. Therefore it is wise to ensure your own opinions conquer your desire rather than depending on other people plan. Various reasons are there in the characteristic of your exercise goal.
Therefore, it is important to consider the exercise planning to ensure you acquire better enjoyable experience. Thus, very important to consider following your plans wisely rather than other people opinions.Therefore, it is important to take more time to determine the kind of the exercise that you would enjoy doing and ensure the creation of your routine of your exercises.Therefore, it would be a great way to ensure the involvement of fun activities in your plan.
The decision-making for you exercise plan depends on you.Your personal planning exercise will involve any activities that you are able to do physically. However, you are the great person to make your decision on your exercise plan rather than the trainer.It is advisable to do some reading to learn various exercises that would suit your plan.
It is important to do the evaluation of your exercise plan and decide to add other to try them.For instance, you can try going to swimming, brisk walking, yoga classes. Great encouragement will come in when you put many types of exercise to your plan.
Understanding your routine schedule is important since you can guide your trainer on how you require it done.Therefore, ensure to make the contingency plan when having a week exercise schedule.
The daily exercise chart is very important to consider because it will help you to list various activities that you would like doing and the daily repeat set up. The chart will help you to monitor your personal weight, measurement and any changes realized and not.However, the planned exercise chart will help you to keep your body mass index tract, the calories, heart rate workout duration as well as exercise intensity.
The great importance of this recording is to assist you to remember every planned activity that you are required to undergo for your health benefit.However, without it, you might forget the details pertaining the daily routine program.
However, you will be able to attain the better result if you adhere all the schedule instructions in your routine planned program of your exercise. If you ensure to follow wisely the planned exercise program, you will be able to choose the various interested activities to do on a daily basis. To be able to succeed well, you must ensure all things that push you down are no more to be able to excel in your exercise plan effectively.…
How Exercise Helps to Manage Stress.
Stress is a condition that is characterized by emotional and mental strains that are always harmful. Stress affects the mental health of a person. Stress is caused by very many factors. People react to the causes of stress differently. Some people get stressed at their workplace. Among the things at a workstation that can lead to stressful situations are long working hours, working under dangerous conditions, and also being unhappy with the job. Life stress is other form of stress. These emanate from the death of a loved one, divorce, loss of a job, getting married and much more.
Stress can also emanate from inside a person. One might stress themselves when they worry too much about certain things. The fear of certainty, attitude and perceptions, unrealistic expectations, and major life changes can make a person worry a lot hence resulting to stress. Stress is not something that is healthy. This is why people are advised to try as much as possible to be stress free. Stress has negative health implications. Examples are a headache, fatigue, and irritability and difficulty in sleeping. Some of the health implications of stress can be life-threatening. However, there are ways that can help a stressed person to do away with the stress.
Some of these ways are as follows. It is important that a stressed person should avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. Nicotine and caffeine are examples of stimulants. These substances will increase the levels of stress rather than reducing. Despite alcohol being a depressant when consumed in large quantities, it is not an effective way of managing the stress. Another way of managing stress is getting enough sleep. This is because lack of sleep has been identified as a cause of stress. Another tip of managing stress is the utilization of the relaxation techniques. Most of them are tried and tested.
The other means of stress management is through doing physical exercises. There is an increase in the stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline when someone is stressed. Exercise, therefore, can be used as a surrogate to metabolize excessive stress hormones so that one can reach a more relaxed state. Iit is not, however, necessary that the exercise be vigorous. Walking in fresh air can also be useful. Working out on a daily basis is even a much better remedy.
There are certain ways on how exercise help in stress management. Exercise has the effect of pumping endorphins into the body. These are neurotransmitters that induce a good feeling to the brain Exercises help a person to forget about someone’s day irritations. Exercise is also effective in improving the mood of a person. This is done by increasing one’s self-confidence, it can help someone to relax and can also lower the symptoms of mild depression and anxiety.…
Facts about Foam Rolling
What appears to be the new trending in the health and fitness industry is an additional instrument called foam rollers or foam rolling sports massagers. Unlike many other self-massager instrument, the foam roller became prominent to users after the role of “fascia” became widely known to them. ‘Fascia’ are connective body tissues that cause fascial restrictions and they are found all over the body; these therapists who work with professional athletes are aware of. Individual muscle groups, organs, and the entire body as a unit is supported and protected by these connective tissues. These tissues also help support the body by enable us to perform functional activities like sitting, squatting, jumping, running etc. A distortion of the connective tissues cause poor blood flow, weakens the impulses of the nerve, and flexibility and other range of motions become limited and the body experiences other physical ailments. In other words, pain, tightness and discomfort is cause by distorted fascia. Fascia’ could either be pulled, torque, and compress especially during heavy workouts.
Self-myofascial release is a fancy term for self-massage to release muscle tightness or trigger points. In order for the muscles to recover or return to its normal function, you need to apply pressure to specific trigger points on your body. This means an elastic muscle and a muscle that is ready to perform at a moment’s notice.
The trigger point is the point during foam rolling when you feel pain. It is that kind of pain that is uncomfortable but at the same time bearable. When done it would make you feel better. The triggerpoint foam roller and the triggerpoint grid form roller are ideal for this procedure.
A lot of people today find that deep tissue massage is the best way to release the tightness in the muscles, although it is very uncomfortable and at times, painful, but it helps to reestablish proper movement patterns and pain free movements which cannot be relieved by stretching alone. This is the reason why the best foam rollers have thrived on the mass market. The best foam roller or muscle roller sticks can assist in breaking up these muscle knots that can help regain normal blood flow and function too.
How then do you use foam rollers properly? You need to first apply a moderate pressure to a specific muscle or muscle groups using either a back roller, back foam roller or any kind of foam roller and your bodyweight. Foam rolling should be done slowly an inch at a time and it should be roller on the right muscle or the painful one and then take time to relax for a few second before starting again. You should stay on the pressure point until the muscle begins to release its tightness about five to thirty seconds.
Foam roll after strenuous activities when the muscles stiffen up. Check out foam roller reviews online for the best foam rollers.…
The advantages from yoga music differ depending on the individual in question various individuals experiencing distinct benefits in yoga. Normally, those who believe themselves strict traditionalist are never enthusiastic about listening to yoga songs throughout their meditation. However, modernists believe that music helps put them in sync with their movements thus improving their meditation outcome. These people wish to research how combining movement and music can impact their entire body and mind in addition to their soul.
The flowing are some of the general advantages of yoga. One of the most common benefits of yoga music is the fact that it increases the ability to relax. This also boosts concentration when you want to meditate more so when doing your everyday yoga routine. Music has a method of bringing your attention back to the ideal channel. If you are considering clearing you thoughts of thought then that is the perfect thing to do.
Music has a way of thinning out all unnecessary Details That may be serving as distraction to your everyday routine. Because of this, therefore be certain that you have any music on when enjoying your own yoga. Music in yoga has also been proven to be successful in regards to transitioning somebody from a specific state into another. It can serve as a method of making you concentrate in such a way which you may easily shift from one nation to another whenever necessary.
Together with the numerous Advantages of yoga being clarified, it is Not surprising that most teachers have integrated using music in their routine yoga practice. One instructor’s posts on her website of how she has come up with music from the heart. This mixture of music and sounds helps direct yoga enthusiast into trance that enriches their meditation also makes it effortless for them to associate with their inner selves. This is a really crucial move since it helps people get both physical and spiritual nourishment.
Another teacher that is both a musician and coach in addition to being a former monk understands too well the advantages of yoga songs. According to him, each movement from the yoga practice is simple to transition through audio. This instructor has been the reason why most people today are now looking at yoga as a fun and enjoyable method to work out as opposed to previous misconceptions.
A different instructor has fallen in love with the idea of having music as part of his class. He believes that a mix of sounds and Chants selected especially to suit each routine is excellent for boosting wellness, recovery procedure and meditation. If you want the most out f yoga then music is inevitable.…
Weight Loss Supplements Make It Easy To Lose Weight
With the various health conditions related to increased weight, a multitude of weight loss supplements have experimented and found to be helpful in reducing one’s weight. These weight loss supplements can be purchased in different retail outlets or via online which can easily get delivered to you. You should always note that weight loss supplements are recommended for people who are living a healthy lifestyle while trying to deal with their weight problems.
Using these supplements without putting efforts to adhere to your dietary guidelines and engaging in regular exercise and controlling your emotions will be futile. In a nutshell, only exercise and proper regimen can cause a real weight loss. You will need to stick to your best diet that which is low in calories such as vegetables, fruits, lean red meat, whole grains and low-fat dairy products.
Ingredients accelerate the burning of fats are some of the best diet. These ingredients indeed cut your weight since they burn fatty components into energy.
These ingredients carry the fat to the cells in the body and convert it to energy. Examples of the fat burning ingredients are Omega-3 fatty acids, carnitine, vitamin C, L -tyrosine, makandi and soy that contains isoflavones.
Carnitine is a major fat burner. The omega-3 fatty acid helps carnitine burn these fat components efficiently. Common sources of these ingredients are flax seeds, garcinia cambogia, and their oils.
The the best diet may also include components that boost your energy. You will always realize that despite the fact most weight loss supplements are recommended, dieters are always asked to accompany it with exercise.
But supplements that contain ingredients for boosting energy can help to reduce your weight a great deal despite lack of training program. Caffeine is the most frequently used ingredients in the supplements that help burn fats. Other typical examples of boosters are niacin or B3, pyridoxine or B6, and riboflavin. The pyridoxine or vitamin B6 has both relaxing and energy-boosting effects. Other ingredients are phosphorous, and pantothenic acid, better known as natural elements are to boost energy as well.
Furthermore, you will need to consider including stress-relieving ingredients in your diet. Cutting down your weight can be so demanding. Therefore, you will need to come up with a mechanism to deal with its serious effects such as stress and depression in order to maintain your motivation to losing your weight. The best known elements can be useful in dealing with these effects include the clover flowers, valerian root, skullcap, kava kaya, and suma.
The best way to reduce your weight is to do it slowly. Struggling to lose weight so fast can be disappointing as you will realize that you are gaining weight as quickly as you lose it. Some of the diet supplements that can cause or increase motivation in your struggle to lose your weight include parsley, dandelion, wild yam, shitake mushrooms, uyi ursi, kava kaya, astragalus, and reishi mushrooms. They are …
Healthy nails are the pride of every woman. Women will do anything just to have their nails attended too and looked good at all the times. Women find their nails very important and one way of boosting their self-esteem is by having their nails in order. Some women struggle with having their nails in order. Probably because they don’t know of a good salon, or they choose a terrible salon to have their nails done every time. There are more dangers to choosing a bad salon than just having the nails done messily. The nails are some of the body parts that are primarily exposed to infections if not taken care of in the proper manner. Nails are exposed to various infection. Some of the very common infections are the fungal infections which can be transmitted from one person to another.
A nail salon should be very clean. Women don’t like dirty places where they are not comfortable at all. A clean place one can tell by just using the eyes as the operations go on. The premises should be cleaned using the soaps that kill all germs and bacteria. If not well disinfected it is a risky place to acquire infection due to the heavy traffic observed daily. Peple working in the salon should have a clear understanding of what it means to be clean and to have the premises clean.
Tools used for nail beauty should be properly disinfected or replaced after a client is done. Every part of the salon should be cleaned using disinfectants that are available to minimize the risks of clients contracting the disease. People working in the saloon should have good knowledge in how to observe hygiene while dealing with their clients.
Every person working in the saloon should have a job permit t to do the job. This assures all the clients visiting the salon that they are dealing with people who are well trained and can handle them well. Qualified people assist the clients in many ways including choosing colors that would look good on them and make them beautiful. A the good atmosphere makes the client happy during the time they are getting their nails done. A good atmosphere makes the client feel happy and comfortable.
Consider choosing a saloon that will have all your needs attended to. Such salons will take care of all the beauty issues you ant attended since they have all the staff and equipment. You the hair done and the face well maintained and other services you may need. Consider the price of having the nail done in the saloon. Generally low charges apply where low-quality products are used


Should I eat carbs?
The answer to this question is most definitely yes. This doesn’t mean you need to overdo it, of course – balance is still key. Eating a massive bowl of pasta just because you have a match the next day can be excessive. Rather than giving you energy, this is more likely to leave you feeling heavy and bloated and may interrupt your sleep.
Which carbohydrates are best?
There are many different carbohydrate-containing foods. Some are nutrient rich, offering a combination of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), antioxidants, protein, healthy fats, dietary fibre and/or resistant starch, which is beneficial for gut health (see chapter 9 for more information about this). For example, rice, legumes and pasta contain protein, carbohydrate and an array of micronutrients. Fruit contains carbohydrate, fibre and micronutrients. This range of nutrient-rich carbohydrates is what we should be eating most of for good health.
All plant foods contain varying degrees of carbohydrate: fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes, to a smaller degree seeds and nuts. In the animal world, dairy provides carbohydrate in the form of the sugar lactose.
When it comes to grains, as a general rule, those carbohydrates that are higher in dietary fibre are the ones to choose. We know wholegrains have beneficial effects on health, reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and some cancers, particularly bowel cancer, which are all major causes of death in Australia. The dietary fibre also helps with good gut health, thus benefiting overall health.
Foods containing high dietary fibre, such as wholemeal pasta, legumes and vegetables, help keep you feeling full for longer. These are particularly useful for those sports with body composition and weight restrictions.
The low-nutrient carbohydrates such as soft drink, sports drinks, lollies, cakes and biscuits should be kept to a minimum, as they offer little nutritional value and can be detrimental to health. These can be beneficial for quick, easily available energy under certain circumstances, such as during endurance events, marathons, long hikes, triathlons and high-intensity exercise lasting longer than 60 minutes.
Structure of carbohydrates and the glycaemic index
Carbohydrates can contain sugars. There are many different types of sugars, including glucose, lactose, galactose, sucrose and starches. Many carbohydrates – often referred to as ‘good’ or ‘complex’ carbohydrates – contain starches. Starches are made up of glucose molecules joined together in long chains called polysaccharides. I think of these chains as a string of beads, with each ‘bead’ being a glucose molecule. These molecules are digested, ready to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
These polysaccharide chains can be made up of either amylose or amylopectin starches. An amylose chain is one straight chain, while an amylopectin chain has numerous branches. Foods with a greater proportion of amylopectin starch are digested more quickly, because those branches are easily accessible to the digestive enzymes that break down the polysaccharide chains.
We can measure how rapidly a carbohydrate-containing food is digested and how much glucose is released into the bloodstream. This measurement is known as the glycaemic index (GI) rating for that food. Carbohydrates that are high in amylopectin are generally higher in GI, for example, white bread, short-grain rice, sushi rice and many low-fibre breakfast cereals.
The release of glucose into the bloodstream triggers your pancreas to release the hormone insulin. The insulin picks up the glucose from the bloodstream and takes it into muscle, liver and fat cells to use later. Too much insulin can promote fat storage.
The lower the GI, the more gradual the release of carbohydrate, and therefore the release of energy. Lower-GI foods may also keep you full for longer. This is why they are often considered to be more desirable, particularly for those aiming for weight reduction. However, a low GI rating is not a guarantee that a food is necessarily nutritious. For example, highly processed, low nutrient- containing foods such as doughnuts and potato crisps are high in carbohydrate and have a relatively low GI. The high fat content slows the rate of digestion, and this is what lowers the GI. Nutrient-rich foods such as pineapple, grapes and mashed potatoes have a higher GI rating but offer an array of valuable nutrients, so would be more nutritious choices.
Sometimes people tell me they have stopped eating potatoes and swapped them for sweet potato, because sweet potato has a lower GI. The poor humble spud! There is no need to avoid potato. Foods are usually eaten as a meal, and the GI becomes a combination of all the foods in the meal, along with the amount of the food eaten. Protein and fat will help lower the overall GI, so, for example, if you are eating your potatoes with meat, the GI will be lowered. It also depends on how the food has been cooked. A roasted or mashed sweet potato will have a higher GI than a boiled one.
Knowing the glycaemic index of foods can be useful when choosing what to eat during and immediately after exercise. Higher GI foods can be preferable in the following situations:
»» During exercise, higher GI foods are best if fuel is needed quickly during the event.
»» Post-exercise, higher GI foods will start replenishing carbohydrate stores more quickly.
»» In between sessions, especially if another session is not far away, eat higher GI foods to replenish carbohydrate stores. This means the food will be digested more quickly, and won’t be sitting in your stomach during the next session. The food will also give you energy for the session.
There are many different scenarios in which a high or low GI food, or a combination of both, might be useful. Remember, the GI of a carbohydrate food is affected by the foods eaten with it. The most important thing to consider is the overall nutritional content of the food.
How much carbohydrate do I need?
It can be easy to overindulge on many carbohydrate foods. Whole grains, rather than processed grains, have the dietary fibre to fill you up more. They also take longer to eat, as you need to chew them more, which slows you down a little. Determining your carbohydrate needs can be tricky, as requirements vary for each individual, and can also vary from day to day. I have included a guide below, but bear in mind that most of us do not need to start counting – there are other strategies we can use to estimate our carbohydrate intake.
A guide to your carbohydrate needs
»» Sedentary–low-intensity exercise: 3–5 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight
»» Moderate-intensity exercise, daily for 1 hour: 5–7 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight
»» Moderate–high-intensity exercise for 1–3 hours per day: 6–10 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight
»» High intensity–ironman/ultra-endurance athletes, 15+ hours training per week: 10–12 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight
If your training is more demanding, and you are completing heavy training sessions on some days, plan to have your higher-carbohydrate meals before and after these sessions, and the lower-carbohydrate meals on your rest days. Listen to what your body wants. If you are extra hungry and feel like you need more energy, serve yourself an extra scoop or two of mashed potato or rice. If you feel like a bowl of pasta, go for it. Just eat until you’re comfortable, not until you need to be rolled away from the table.
Spreading your carbohydrate intake out over the day is generally better than having one large serving, particularly if you are wanting to gain muscle mass and body weight. Eating enough total kilojoules is very important for this. The carbohydrate kilojoules replenish muscle glycogen and energy, leaving the protein for building muscle.
For endurance events, carbohydrate intake may need to be increased days before an event. It can be a mistake to overeat carbohydrates the night before intense exercise such as a football, rugby, soccer or netball game, thinking you need to carbohydrate load extensively. Eating too much carbohydrate can make you feel sluggish and can affect your sleep. As carbohydrate stores water with it, too much can make you feel heavy and slow.
Carbohydrate content of some nutritious food choices
FOOD CARBOHYDRATE C O N T E N T ( G R A M S )
1 slice bread (30 g – weights vary greatly) 15
Wholemeal pasta (100 g dry) 66
1 corn cob (100 g) 16
Brown rice (100 g cooked) 23
White potato (100 g boiled) 20
Sweet potato (100 g boiled) 20
Pumpkin (100 g boiled) 7
Wheat biscuits breakfast cereal (2 biscuits) 22
Rolled oats (½ cup raw) 25
Banana (1 medium) 20
Strawberries (½ cup) 6
Grapes (½ cup) 12
Milk 2% fat (1 cup, 250 ml) 12.5
Kidney beans (100 g cooked) 9
Baked beans, canned, flavoured (140 g) 19
This is an edited extract from Eat Like an Athlete by Simone Austin published by Hardie Grant Books $29.99 and is available in stores nationally.
Source: Read Full Article


عنوان مقاله [English]
The basis for recognizing the changes in the shape of the earth is the identification and understanding of the amount of displacement of sediments from one region to another, so that this displacement changes the morphology of all those areas. A fluvial system with a certain size, Significant changes in its evolution in the basin area, drainage pattern, Profiles waterways and their geometry was incurred. Having enough information about the changes and the river system evolution is very important to explain the river processes (Vanerberg& Maddy: 2000). In mountainous areas affected by the uplift process, River capture can be organized drainage network (Mather et al: 2000) and affect geomorphological evolution area. Increase the power of river erosion, increasing outflow of the river captor, Increase the Basin area and the knee of captivity among the most obvious of effects are captured by the river (Hamond: 2000). The Ghezel Owzan basin in an area of 50000 KM2 is in the northwest of Iran. Evolution of this system in the recent period of geological had many developments such deviation and capture. In capture, a branch of the drainage network is kidnapped by a branch of the basin area other. usually, regressive erosion occurs by base level changes or the current level and tectonic reasons. The deviation is mainly caused by the erosion of subtracting or side and regressive erosion will disturb the balance. Ghezel Owzan basen is located in the sout east of the Caspian sea. The most hight of the part it is the mountain of Chehel Cheshmeh of Kurdistan and length of the main river is over 550 km. This river passes from the provinces of Zanjan, East Azerbaijan, and Ardabil. Ghezel Ozan received multiple branches along your route in Gilan province, and it was entered into the Sefidrud dem. Basin level is 49400 sq. The basin is located in latitude 34 degrees and 55 minutes to 37 degrees 55 minutes north latitude and 46 degrees 27 minutes east longitude and 49 degrees 20 minutes.
Materials and Methods
In this study, first was identified five basins that may have occurred in them overall change in direction main branches of Ghezel Ozan with the help of topographic maps and the geomorphological evidence. There is some evidence such as curvature 90 degrees and more in the direction of the river, topography asymmetric two sides of the river, drainage basin asymmetric and alluvial deposits of the fans old in the dividing of basins. Then, in field observations, documentary data were reviewed and adapted to environmental conditions. Arc GIS software was extracted from the evidence of captivity or deviation, and was analyzed. The consequences of changes in the river in the fluvial system and changes caused by this phenomenon happens in the location and morphology of rivers has been discussed.
Results and discussion
In examining the phenomenon of deviation and captured in the area of Ghezel Owzan five areas identified and analyzed. These five areas are: 1) Talkhehrood (Mehrabad), 2) Qalehchay, 3) Angoranchay, 4) Yoolkoshty, 5) Goran. In this basin, especially in places that have happened distraction, Significantly landforms is formed. The landforms have been disabled several processes that already changing. With the passage of time, the old form vanished and new forms are formed and are indicated. These changes likely to occur in the future is very high. One of the most important evidence and factors in the erosion bed and Sides of the river and the occurrence of captivity is Specification lithology. Formations located the sides of the river Ghezel Owzan have formed the specific lithology. The lithology of where the two sides the beach have differences together could be considered as evidence for the occurrence of the phenomenon of river captivity.
The effects of geological and geomorphic factors, although considered to be slow, seem to be slow, but they are very important for radical and hydrological changes.The results indicate that there is evidence of change routes above the river that occurred during the Quaternary in Ghezel Owzan and has caused the strait, falling and rising levels of sediment create. In addition, changes in the Dubai sectional Ghezel Owzan redirection of twigs resulted in an increase in drilled practice and transporting marl scattered in most areas of this basin. The drilled more the mainstream, increased erosion regressive in the branches and in total has brought instability to the shores of this river.


(*7*)The acquainted elements of a warming world had been in spot: searing temperatures, hotter air keeping much more dampness, severe weather conditions acquiring wilder, melting glaciers, folks dwelling in harm’s way, and poverty. They put together in susceptible Pakistan to develop unrelenting rain and lethal flooding.
(*7*)The flooding has all the hallmarks of a disaster juiced by local weather modify, but it is also early to formally assign blame to international warming, numerous researchers explain to The Related Push. It transpired in a region that did tiny to result in the warming, but retains acquiring strike, just like the relentless rain.
(*7*)“This yr Pakistan has gained the optimum rainfall in at minimum 3 many years. So much this yr the rain is jogging at much more than 780% earlier mentioned normal amounts,” mentioned Abid Qaiyum Suleri, govt director of the Sustainable Progress Coverage Institute and a member of Pakistan’s Local weather Adjust Council. “Extreme weather conditions styles are turning much more regular in the location and Pakistan is not a exception.”
(*7*)Local weather Minister Sherry Rehman mentioned “it’s been a disaster of unparalleled proportions.”
(*7*)Pakistan “is regarded as the eighth most susceptible region to local weather modify,” mentioned Moshin Hafeez, a Lahore-primarily based local weather scientist at the Worldwide H2o Administration Institute. Its rain, warmth and melting glaciers are all local weather modify aspects researchers warned regularly about.
(*7*)Although researchers place out these basic local weather modify fingerprints, they have not nevertheless completed intricate calculations that review what occurred in Pakistan to what would take place in a world with no warming. That research, anticipated in a several months, will formally ascertain how significantly local weather modify is a component, if at all.
(*7*)The “recent flood in Pakistan is really an end result of the local weather disaster … that was looming extremely massive,” mentioned Anjal Prakash, a analysis director at India’s Bharti Institute of Community Coverage. “The form of incessant rainfall that has occurred … has been unparalleled.”
(*7*)Pakistan is employed to monsoons and downpours, but “we do be expecting them unfold out, commonly about 3 months or two months,” mentioned the country’s local weather minister Rehman.
(*7*)There are commonly breaks, she mentioned, and not as significantly rain — 37.5 centimeters (fourteen.8 inches) falls in just one working day, almost 3 moments better than the nationwide normal for the earlier 3 many years. “Neither is it so extended. … It is been 8 months and we are explained to we may possibly see a different downpour in September.”
(*7*)“Clearly, it is currently being juiced by local weather modify,” mentioned Jennifer Francis, a local weather scientist at the Woodwell Local weather Analysis Middle in Massachusetts.
(*7*)There is been a four hundred% raise in normal rainfall in regions like Baluchistan and Sindh, which led to the severe flooding, Hafeez mentioned. At minimum twenty dams have been breached.
(*7*)The warmth has been as relentless as the rain. In May possibly, Pakistan continually observed temperatures earlier mentioned forty five levels Celsius (113 Fahrenheit). Scorching temperatures better than fifty levels Celsius (122 Fahrenheit) had been recorded in areas like Jacobabad and Dadu.
(*7*)Hotter air retains much more dampness — about 7% much more for each diploma Celsius (4% for each diploma Fahrenheit) — and that ultimately arrives down, in this situation in torrents.
(*7*)Throughout the world “intense rain storms are acquiring much more rigorous,” mentioned Princeton College local weather scientist Michael Oppenheimer. And he mentioned mountains, like individuals in Pakistan, assist wring added dampness out as the clouds go.
(*7*)Alternatively of just swollen rivers flooding from added rain, Pakistan is strike with a different resource of flash flooding: The severe warmth accelerates the very long-expression glacier melting then drinking water speeds down from the Himalayas to Pakistan in a hazardous phenomena known as glacial lake outburst floods.
(*7*)“We have the most significant variety of glaciers outside the house the polar location, and this impacts us,” local weather minister Rehman mentioned. “Instead of trying to keep their majesty and preserving them for posterity and character. We are observing them soften.”
(*7*)Not all of the issue is local weather modify.
(*7*)Pakistan observed comparable flooding and devastation in 2010 that killed almost 2,000 folks. But the authorities did not employ options to avoid foreseeable future flooding by avoiding development and houses in flood inclined regions and river beds, mentioned Suleri of the country’s Local weather Adjust Council.
(*7*)The catastrophe is hitting a very poor region that has contributed fairly tiny to the world’s local weather issue, researchers and officers mentioned. Due to the fact 1959, Pakistan has emitted about 0.4% of warmth-trapping carbon dioxide, as opposed to 21.5% by the United States and sixteen.4% by China.
(*7*)“Those international locations that have produced or gotten prosperous on the again of fossil fuels, which are the issue actually,” Rehman mentioned. “They’re heading to have to make a essential final decision that the world is coming to a tipping place. We definitely have presently achieved that place simply because of our geographical place.”


When the Curiosity rover landed in Gale Crater on Mars in August 2012, its primary destination was Mount Sharp, a three-mile-high mound a few miles south of the rover's landing site. But before making for the mountain, mission planners and scientists decided to take a slight detour to the North. Orbital instruments had spied an interesting-looking region of rock outcrop between the mountain and the crater rim. Because the rover had landed about a quarter-mile from this spot, it seemed worth popping up to take a look before proceeding to Mount Sharp, where the Curiosity is headed now.
That little side trip paid off in a big way. Using its full suite of instruments, Curiosity was able to show the area, known as Yellowknife Bay, was likely host to an environment that could have sustained life in the distant past. NASA announced the striking news to the public last March. Six scientific papers describing Curiosity's findings in detail were published online today in the journal Science.
Ralph Milliken, assistant professor of geological sciences at Brown, is a participating scientist on the mission and a co-author on three of the papers. He spoke with Brown science news officer Kevin Stacey about the findings.
What was it about Yellowknife Bay that prompted the detour?
It's one of the lowest spots topographically on the crater floor. Just upslope from it were what looked like ancient streambeds and fluvial channels—evidence for flowing water in the ancient past. So the idea was perhaps flowing water might have ponded in this low-lying area, and that's what we wanted to investigate. We also had some satellite observations that suggested that the rocks there were interesting. We didn't know exactly what to expect about the minerals or chemistry of the rocks. It's a dusty area, and that prevents us from identifying minerals from orbit. But we knew there was a high probability that there was bedrock exposed. So based on the potential payoff of testing the scientific hypotheses that we had formed, and the fact that we happened to land so close to it, we made the decision to drive in the opposite direction from Mount Sharp.
What did Curiosity find when it arrived?
I think what we found at Yellowknife Bay well surpassed our wildest imaginations for this early in the mission. We found evidence that there were mudstones, which are the kinds of rocks you might find in lakebeds on earth. So it appears as though there may have been an ancient lake. Presumably that water could have been sourced from the channels that are upslope in the crater wall. There's evidence of sandstones in this area as well that look like they were formed by flowing water, which we can tell from our detailed imagery the rover provides. So there's a lot of evidence that water flowed over the surface and interacted with the sediments at the surface. It's all very consistent with the presence of ancient streams and what was likely a lake.
Ultimately, Curiosity was able to find evidence of an ancient habitable environment at Yellowknife Bay. What did the rover find that led to that conclusion?
When we think of habitability, we need to be clear that the goal of the mission is not to find evidence of life on Mars. Although we have the ability to detect organic matter, if it happens to be present, this is not a life-detection mission. What we can assess is whether the rocks we examine had the raw ingredients for life to have been supported at some point in time. That's what we found at Yellowknife Bay. For an environment to be habitable, there are a couple of things we need. One is water, and there's plenty of evidence that there was once water at Yellowknife Bay. We found clay minerals in the rocks, which require water to have formed. We also found other minerals that require water—things like gypsum—in fractures in the rocks and indicate water flowed through them. When we look at the minerals as a group and the chemistry of those minerals, the water that was associated with them seems to have been relatively benign—not overly acidic and likely habitable for many types of microbes. We've also detected certain elements that we know to be the building blocks of life. These are things like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur.
One of the other things we would need for habitability is some source of energy that microbes could use for metabolism. That could be a lot of different things. It could be from sunlight or from the chemistry in the rocks themselves. You can kind of think of it like a car battery that has positive and negative terminals. Certain elements can have various states of charge. Iron and sulfur are good examples. They can be oxidized or reduced, and microbes can utilize those gradients for metabolism. We found iron and sulfur in various states of oxidation in the rocks at Yellowknife Bay. That's a potential source of energy that microbes could use.
These are some of the basic building blocks you need for life as we know it to form and survive, and we've detected evidence of all of these in one way or another in the rocks at Yellowknife Bay. This evidence of an ancient habitable environment is what makes this location so interesting.
How long ago was this area potentially habitable?
We have pretty big differences in the age estimates of the rocks we analyzed, but no matter how you slice it, we're talking billions of years ago. Whether it's 2 billion or 4 billion, that debate will likely continue. But a lot of the evidence suggests it's probably somewhere between 2 and 3.8 billion years ago. Previous to these discoveries, many scientists would probably have assumed that only the most ancient rocks on Mars likely preserved evidence of habitable conditions. A lot of people think that starting around 3.5 billion years ago Mars was already drying out and becoming the cold, arid environment it is today. It's been argued that you need to go to the most ancient rock record on Mars—4 billion years ago or more—to find these habitable environments on the surface in what may have been a warmer and wetter Mars. However, if the rocks we examined in Yellowknife Bay really are at the "younger" end, say 2 billion years old, then what we've found extends the window of possible habitable surface conditions on Mars by quite a bit.
What's next for Curiosity?
It just so happens that we've already made a huge step forward and achieved one of the primary mission goals by finding evidence of a habitable environment. But we're on our way to Mount Sharp now, and I have hopes that what we find there will be even more spectacular. We know from orbital data that the rocks at the bottom of the mountain have water-bearing minerals, but as you go higher they start to disappear. So the idea of going to Mount Sharp is that maybe these three miles of rock are capturing what we think was a global change on Mars. By going layer by layer we might be able to piece together what happened—why Mars dried out. We can also relate that information back to what we found at Yellowknife Bay and try to determine whether the environment we saw at Yellowknife Bay is unique or is representative of a longer period of Martian history. I'm excited to see what we might turn up.
Explore further: Ancient fresh water lake on Mars could have sustained life, Curiosity researchers show


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Ever wondered what a volcano looks like on the inside? Now you can find out! For a limited period this summer we offer a truly unique tour - Inside a volcano. The tour takes you literally inside a dormant volcano, through the top crater and to the bottom of its magma chamber, once filled with steaming hot lava.Þríhnúkagígur volcano is the only place on earth where it is safe to explore a magma chamber on the inside. The volcano has not erupted for 4,000 years and shows no signs of coming to life again anytime soon. Hence, you are safe! Read more about the tour - Inside a Volcano. Video: See BBC's Neil Bowdler descend into the volcano accompanied by Icelandic geophysicist Dr Freysteinn Sigmundsson.
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Capital City: Fredericton
New Brunswick is a seaside province in eastern Canada with a diverse and fascinating cultural heritage. It borders Nova Scotia, Québec and the American state of Maine. It is also bordered on most of three sides by water, including the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Northumberland Strait, and the Bay of Fundy.
Almost rectangular in shape, it extends about 322 kilometres from north to south, and 242 kilometres from east to west. The eastern coast boasts sandy beaches and warm, salt waters. The Bay of Fundy features the highest and wildest tides in the world – up to 54 feet – which have helped to carve a spectacular coastline. Twice a day, 200 billion tonnes of water enter and leave the Bay, which is equal to the water in all the rivers on the planet.
About 749,200 people live in New Brunswick, 35 per cent of which is French-speaking. This is due largely to the 500,000-strong Acadian community. Acadia was originally a French colony dating back to the 1500s.
In New Brunswick, you can participate in coastal activities such as swimming and whale watching, enjoy extensive trails and campgrounds, watch for wildlife, and take in a range of festivals, galleries, and cultural events.


Known to millions of Star Trek fans around the world as the "Great Bird of the Galaxy," Gene Roddenberry
was the creator of one of the most successful franchises ever created. ("Great Bird" was a nickname stemming from a mythological creature from an episode of the original Star Trek.)
Roddenberry was born in El Paso, Texas
in August 1921 and he grew up in Los Angeles. In high school, he was a member of the debate team and became interested in writing and pulp novels and radio programs. He graduated from Los Angeles City College
with an Associate of the Arts degree, and also attended the University of Miami
and the University of Southern California
. After initially studying pre-law, he switched his major to aeronautical engineering.
During World War II, Roddenberry served in the military as a second lieutenant; he was primarily assigned to the Pacific theater and he flew B-17's for the Army Air Corps. He participated in nearly 90 missions, including the well-known Guadalcanal
battles of late 1942 and the battle of Bougainville
in early 1944, as well as the invasion of Munda; he received the Distinguished Flying Cross
and the Air Medal. After the war, he became a pilot for Pan American World Airways
. Late on the night of June 19, 1947, Roddenberry was "deadheading" (a pilot not on duty) on a flight from Karachi to Istanbul. Following the loss of one engine, it was decided that the plane would continue to its destination. The second engine, though, was known to be faulty and yet had not been replaced
by Pan Am, and it caught fire causing the plane to crash in Syria. Of the 36 people aboard, 22 survived, only two of which were crew members. He was responsible for getting a rescue plane sent to retrieve the passengers.
Roddenberry was interested in writing for many years, and had submitted stories and poems to magazines while stationed abroad. He studied literature at Columbia University
, and when television was growing in popularity he decided to move his family to Los Angeles to write for the new medium. At the time Roddenberry was married to Eileen Rexroat, his wife of 27 years; they had two daughters, Darleen and Dawn. With a family to support, he joined the police department, following in the steps of his father and brother who were also LAPD
officers. While a student at Los Angeles City College in 1939, he had headed the campus police club, and he also wanted to establish a police association for the LAPD in 1952. He communicated his intentions to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover
, who endorsed the idea. His primary job function was with the publicity department, and this led to his involvement with the television show "Dragnet
After successfully selling scripts to shows such as Dragnet and Naked City, he decided to leave the police force to pursue screenwriting full-time. (The dates for his career change vary depending on the source, but they are all between 1953 and 1958.) In the late 1950's, he became well-known for writing military and law enforcement themed screenplays, and was a head writer for "The West Point Story." He created his own series, "The Lieutenant
," in 1963, and used it to explore social issues of the day - a theme that would later make Star Trek
so popular. He began pitching a science fiction series to studios in 1964, and successfully captured the interest of executives at Desilu, the studio owned by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. The history of Star Trek is well-known, from its debut in 1966 to its cancellation in 1969.
Also in 1969, Roddenberry's marriage to Eileen ended. He had been dating Majel Barrett
for some time after having worked with her on "The Lieutenant," and the two were married at the end of 1969 just two days after his divorce became final. Star Trek was in syndication
, and during the early 1970's he traveled around the country lecturing at universities; during his lifetime he was awarded honorary degrees from Emerson College, Union College, and Potsdam College. He continued pitching additional science fiction stories to television studios, including "The Questor Tapes
" and "Genesis II
," but these were not successful. Instead, he was offered the opportunity to develop a second Star Trek series in 1975. The series never got off the ground, but he later turned it into the first Star Trek movie, for which he also wrote the novelization.
Roddenberry was a member of the Writers Guild Executive Council
, and a governor of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences
. In 1986, he received a star on the Walk of Fame
in Hollywood. He served as executive producer on Star Trek: The Next Generation
, but was not as heavily involved in the scriptwriting as he had been with the original series. Still, for the first several seasons, all major decisions were still given approval by Gene himself. In the fourth and fifth seasons, though, his health was declining, and the reins for the show were handed over to Michael Piller
and Rick Berman
Gene Roddenberry died of a heart attack in October 1991, just a few days after viewing the sixth movie starring the original cast. His ashes were among the first to be sent into space, blasting off with a Pegasus rocket
to orbit the earth until they burned up in the atmosphere. (Alternative sources say his ashes were listed on the cargo manifest for the space shuttle Columbia
in 1992.) In 1993, NASA
awarded him with a posthumous Distinguished Public Service medal.
The Great Bird's legacy lives on. Two of his unsuccessful series from the 1970's, "Earth: Final Conflict
" and "Andromeda
," were finally produced with permission from his estate. His son with Majel Barrett, Rod Roddenberry, would later write episodes for "Earth: Final Conflict." He continues to receive credits on Star Trek television shows and movies and his name is legendary to all Star Trek fans.
written for nonficwrimo 06


Picture a classroom teacher without a lesson plan — a teacher who instead asks students an open-ended question to explore: Can animals think? Did dinosaurs exist? What is a soul?
With the opening of Newcastle University’s SOLE Central on Monday, this vision is coming to life, in a research center where the concept can be tweaked and improved as it rolls out to the wider world.
SOLE Central is the first global hub for research into self-organized learning environments (SOLEs) – the style of learning championed by TED Prize winner Sugata Mitra. In his 2013 prize-winning wish, Mitra offered up a vision of education that combines the resources of the Internet with a child’s own sense of curiosity. The School in the Cloud, as he calls it, is a global experiment where kids puzzle through big questions and ideas on their own with minimal assistance, teaching one another in the process. Mitra’s SOLE concept is being piloted at seven School in the Cloud labs in the UK and India, and SOLE Central will build on this, bringing together academic researchers, educators, policymakers and entrepreneurs to help test this concept as a model for primary education.
Mitra will serve as the Director of SOLE Central. His initial research suggests that children in SOLE environments can learn almost anything by themselves and that they truly absorb the subjects they research – often years ahead of their age group. But more research needs to be conducted, recorded and housed in one place. This is the reasoning behind SOLE Central at Newcastle.
“SOLE Central will enable us to make a valuable contribution to the education of children worldwide,” says Newcastle University Vice-Chancellor Chris Brink. “It will make a lasting legacy of what Sugata has started.”
James Stanfield, the director of the School in the Cloud project, played a major role in setting up SOLE Central. As he says: “While we love the no-nonsense approach of educators and practitioners who are just getting on and doing it, we also recognize the need to better understand the impact of SOLEs on children’s learning and development over time and how this differs in different contexts around the world. The new research center will allow us to catch up, so that the research continuously feeds into and informs practice, and vice versa.”
SOLE Central will host Ph.D. students exploring a range of subjects, including the impact of SOLEs on reading comprehension in schools in New York and the potential of SOLEs to improve learning after school. Researchers here will use sensors to observe students’ activity on computers, and look at the kinds of architecture that maximize self-organized learning. Other researchers have expressed interest in looking at self-organization in the work environment.
Data used for analysis at SOLE Central will come from the School in the Cloud project, as well as from collaborations with partners like Microsoft and Pencils of Promise. In all, this new research center represents an important step forward. Because, as Mitra puts it, “SOLEs are the first step towards preparing our children for a future we can barely imagine.”


May 19 is National Asian & Pacific Islander HIV/AIDS Awareness Day and World Hepatitis Day. This blog post is one of a series on the impact of HIV and Hepatitis B in Asian & Pacific Islander communities. As A&PIs, you may not believe that you are at risk for these diseases, but you are. Follow our posts throughout the week for different perspectives and stories from our community.
The month of May is commemorated in the US as Asian Pacific American Heritage Month. During this month we celebrate our diversity in culture, traditions, history and language. Also, yesterday was National Asian & Pacific Islander HIV/AIDS Awareness Day. It’s important to acknowledge the significant impact our cultural norms have on how we view health, disease and sexuality. As a community we are all influenced by this in one way or another, whether we are recent immigrants or second or third generation.
Cultural and Linguistic Competence….Before I even begin to talk about this issue, it’s important to understand what this means. When I researched the generally accepted definition, I found a few thousand articles, but the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality seems to capture its essence as it relates to health “The ability of healthcare providers and healthcare organizations to understand and respond effectively to the cultural and linguistic needs brought by the patient to the healthcare encounter. Cultural competence requires organizations and their personnel to: value diversity, assess themselves, manage the dynamics of difference, acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge, adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of individuals and communities served. ”
The lack of doctors and healthcare providers who have appropriate linguistic and cultural competencies creates a major barrier to quality HIV/AIDS care for Asian & Pacific Islanders. Imagine walking into a clinic where no one speaks your language and then tries to talk to you in loud voices as if increasing the volume will suddenly make them understandable… especially in our culture where respect is a central part of our lives….it makes you cringe. Navigating the healthcare maze, tackling issues of health insurance and immigration status, trying to explain your concerns in a manner that falls outside the commonly accepted western terminology is a nightmare. Even though we get “categorized” as Asian & Pacific Islanders, among us we have many, many languages, and I am not even counting the several hundred local dialects. Add to this the cultural intricacies of centuries of practices and beliefs, and you will just begin to understand what can only be called the tip of the iceberg.
This is not a new issue and I am not the first or the last person to talk about it. Many experts have written about it and there are hundreds of courses/trainings/workshops on cultural competence. Does this mean that you can take a course in cultural competence and become culturally competent…is that all it takes? Experience has shown me that the practice of cultural competence is one of continuous learning and exploration. That’s why the providers who have been successful in providing quality HIV/AIDS are the ones who create an accepting and respectful environment and have a diverse staff with multiple language skills and cultural backgrounds.
As Paul M. Schyve, M.D., Senior Vice President, The Joint Commission says, “Linguistically and culturally appropriate care has a direct impact on quality and safety, and is a growing issue that is not going to go away.”


The revised TWS-4 is a norm-referenced test of spelling administered using a dictated word format. The TWS-4 now has two alternate or equivalent forms (A and B) which make it more useful in test-teach-test situations. The TWS-4 is appropriate for students in Grades 1 through 12 as well as for those in remedial programs. The TWS was developed after a review of 2,000 spelling rules. The words to be spelled are drawn from 10 basal spelling programs and popular graded word lists. Uses of the TWS-4:
The results of the TWS-4 may be used for four specific purposes: to identify students whose scores are significantly below those of their peers and who might need interventions designed to improve spelling proficiency, to determine areas of relative strength and weakness in spelling, to document overall progress in spelling as a consequence of intervention programs, and to serve as a measure for research efforts designed to investigate spelling.
The TWS-4 was standardized on more than 4,000 students. With rare exceptions, internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients are greater than .90. Evidence of content, criterion-related, and construct validity also is reported in the test manual. The TWS-4 can be administered in 20 minutes to either groups or individuals and yields the following educationally relevant information: standard scores, percentiles, spelling ages, and grade equivalents.
The characteristics of the normative sample approximate those for the projected 2000 U.S. census. The normative sample has been stratified by age relative to gender, urban or rural residence, geographic region, race, and ethnicity. Studies have been added to show no gender or racial bias, and more study from independent sources has been added supporting reliability and validity.
Complete TWS-4 Kit includes: Examiner’s Manual and 50 Summary/Response Forms, all in a sturdy storage box. (1999)


Since its founding in 1959 by space pioneer, Professor Eugen Sänger, the DLR (German Aerospace Centre) in Lampoldshausen has been testing liquid rocket engines as part of European space programmes. The first large-scale test facilities for development and acceptance tests for the third stage of the initial European EUROPA launcher rocket were built at the 52-ha premises in the mid-1960s. Right from the start, the DLR has acquired special skills in rocket engine tests under high-altitude conditions, known as altitude simulation systems.
The Institute of Space Propulsion has been involved with the European ARIANE launcher rocket programmes since 1973, with one major highlight coming in 1990, when Germany’s largest rocket test facility, the P5, commenced operation. It was designed for tests conducted on engines from the VULCAIN ARIANE 5 main-stage engine family, which are operated using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. Most of the tests on the P5 are performed in ground conditions, and are known as “Sea Level Tests”. In the standard configuration of the facility, special test configurations do not simulate any altitude conditions.
The P4.1 test facility, the world’s most modern altitude simulation test facility for cryogenic upper-stage engines, has been in operation in Lampoldshausen since 2005. This test facility was developed and built by the DLR Lampoldshausen for the ESA. In addition to tasks based on European astronautics, the Institute of Space Propulsion also designs, constructs and operates test facilities like the P1 and P8 for the DLR’s own purposes.


What do we understand about medicine technology? It is also referred as medical technology, is any type of intrusion that is used to make a safe and effective diagnosis, prevention, rehabilitation and treatment for different diseases and illnesses. It can be procedures, devices, pharmaceuticals and organizational systems that are used in health care. It is also a subset of health technology, and its scope is a variety of products for healthcare that are used on humans. Such development and use of technologies are very important because they are made to improve quality in providing health care through the diagnosis made using less aggressive options for treatment as well as reducing the number of days spent in the hospital and rehab. Other important details about medicine technology that you should know are as follows:
- The technological advancements in medical technology are now also focused more in reducing costs.
- This field is broad as this may also include information technology, different medical devices, healthcare services and biotech.
- It may also talk about the duties that are performed by clinical laboratory professionals that are in different settings in the private and public sectors. This may include the clinical applications in genetics, chemistry, immunohematology, hematology, microbiology, immunology, urinalysis, serology and other different analysis in the body fluid.
- The professionals in medicine technology may be called as Medical Laboratory Scientists or MLS, Biomedical Scientists, Medical technologists or MT, Medical Laboratory Technicians and Medical Laboratory Technologists; which may depend on the location, the certifying body as well as the level of education.
Medicine Technology plays an integral part in the industry of medicine as a whole, which also includes medical practitioners, pharmaceutical industry, and many others. The way of life will be very different without medicine technology. It affects how humans can become healthy as well as how one will receive the proper health care that is needed.
These days, there are so many portable devices to choose from. A typical person owns more than one device. Examples are laptops, cellphones, tablets, and PDAs. If you’re in the medical field, you also need these portable devices. But if you don’t want to carry too many devices around, you can survive with just these three:
- Portable computer or laptop. Most doctors are now opting to store patient information in laptops rather than paper. Not only does it become easier to compile all pertinent information, but it also minimizes the clutter in the clinic. You can also access the information wherever you are. A hospital can also have a database of patients and personnel to make sure that emergency situations can be handled quickly. Since laptops also have a bigger storage space, you can store resources and training materials in there for review.
- Smartphone or PDA. Today, smartphones can already be your personal digital assistant. There are applications that help schedule your activities and remind you of your appointments and tasks. You will become a more efficient physician with a device reminding you of what you need to do within reach. It’s also easy to communicate through smartphones.
- Tablet. Tablets are also helpful because it can help you access your mail, databases, and patient files anytime. Sure, the laptop already allows access to these things, but tablets are lighter and more convenient to bring anywhere. Besides, it also has a longer battery life, so even if your laptop battery is already dead, you can still rely on your tablet.
With your laptop, smartphone, and tablet, you can access everything you need. To maximize the capability of these devices, you might want to synchronize your files. If you do that, you can access everything regardless of whether you are using a laptop, tablet, or smartphone. That way, if your smartphone dies, you can still send an email from your tablet.
The use of portable computers and tablets has gained both positive and negative reactions from doctors. Although there are doctors that rely on the electronic medical records or EMRs for accessibility and convenience but some still think that traditional paper work and the use of pen and pad is still the best way to handle patients. The US government aims to reach the goal of Obamacare wherein the costs are lower and there is more access with the records.
As of now, doctors and hospitals are being convinced by the federal government to adopt health information technology and EMRs with financial incentives but this will change soon wherein penalties will be set instead of rewards. In the year 2015, all physicians that are not using an EMR that is certified will have 1% cut on their Medicare reimbursements. This deduction rate will increase to 2% in year 2016, 3% in 2017, 4% in 2018, and can go up to 95%, which will depend on the adjustments in the future.
The key component of Obamacare is to pay for quality instead of paying for services. Paying for quality means measuring quality and it has been difficult in the past without the use of technology, and the use of EMR and EHR are perfect tools to achieve the goal. There are already many hospitals in the United States that have gone digital and received a significant amount of federal incentive.
EMR or electronic medical record is a software system that replaces the use of paper charts while EHR or electronic health record is software that can connect physicians as well as other caregivers to coordinate information of patient such as medical history, medications, laboratory data, immunizations, and radiology reports. Time will come that patients and doctors won’t have much choice because the future is believed to be in this technological development.


Earthquake: Cracks predicted to deliver strong 5.5 – 6.5 Richter vibrations over 20 years Scientists in Lefkada and Kefalonia – remain ‘silent’ for the last 37 years
Corresponding “seismic gaps” are also found in Greece and specifically in the Central Ionian Sea, which have remained “silent” for at least 37 years despite the strong seismic activity in the area around them. The Ionian Seismic Gaps were fully mapped in 2016 in a study using space geodesy data and published in international scientific journals led by Seismologist and Geodesy Research Director Dr Athanasios Ghana.
“Key to Forecasts”
“The earthquake in Elazig closed the seismic gap that existed along the eastern Anatolian rift,” Dr. Ghana explains to the NEWS. “This rift consists of seven tracks, each 50 to 100 kilometers long, that break apart independently and produce earthquakes measuring 6 to 7.5 magnitude. The previous major earthquake had occurred in the Bingol area – about 100 kilometers to the east – in 2010 at a magnitude of 6.1. The section of the ridge that broke south of Elazig on January 24 with a magnitude of 6.8 was the only one for which we had no historical record so it was a “seismic gap”.
This confirms the theory of “seismic vacuum” and proves that it is a key to predicting future cracks on large cracks in the planet as long as their seismic history is known, which can be obtained by combining geological and seismological methods. ” , he adds.
Likewise, scientists have been able to identify where the next major Ionian earthquakes are likely to occur. These are three fragments of large cracks that did not “break” during recent strong earthquakes: The first 6km long “seismic gap” is located along the west coast of Lefkada; the second, 14km long, is northwest of Kefalonia. and the third with a length of 30 km was recorded on the west coast of the island. According to experts, these points can give earthquakes of 5.5 to 6.5 Richter intensity and although it is not easy to predict their behavior it is expected that these points will break within the next 20 years.
“Because we do not have paleoseismological data for the Ionian Sea, this gap has been filled by space-time data,” says Dr. Gananas, describing the process he and his team have undertaken in the case of the Central Ionian Sea. “Using this data, we mapped in detail the soil deformation that had occurred in the area from four older strong earthquakes,” he says. It was the seismic vibrations of August 14, 2003 that hit Lefkada with 6.2 earthquakes, the magnitude 6.1 and 6 earthquakes that occurred in Kefalonia in January and February 2014, and the 6.5 magnitude vibrations that occurred in Kefalonia. Lefkada in November 2015. Before them, an earthquake of 6.8 magnitude caused an earthquake in 1983 in the marine area southwest of Kefalonia.
Although the exact boundaries of the cracks that caused these earthquakes were not known as they had no surface manifestations. The satellites revealed their boundaries and then identified “seismic gaps” between successive breaks. These gaps are believed by seismologists to be “filled” with burglaries, and consequently earthquakes, in the coming years.
It is noted that the frequency of earthquakes in the Central Ionian Sea is about 40 years. Scientists are using verified scientific data to identify “seismic gaps” as earthquakes known from historical records cannot accurately identify the focus.
Ground shift from the earthquake in Turkey
The earthquake caused a dramatic shift in Turkey on January 24, 2020. According to measurements by researchers at the Athens Institute of Geodynamics, the ground on either side of the rift was displaced by … 70 cm while the total length of the rupture was 40 mm. The total area of deformation is 350 square kilometers, with smaller displacements. The findings came from an analysis of satellite data carried out by researchers at the Institute of Geodynamics Sotiris Balkaniotis, Athanasios Ganas and Barbara Tsironis.


In scenes reminiscent of the queues of 1972, when Tutankhamen’s treasure was exhibited at London’s British Museum, thousands of people patiently stood in line outside the museum in the English city of Birmingham in early October for a glimpse of a newly discovered hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold. Artefacts from that period in the ‘Dark Age’ of European history, the years after the breakdown of the western Roman Empire from the 4th century AD, when people were on the move, looking for opportunities to seize land or simply survive, are very rare indeed. Books on Anglo-Saxon art are often based on a handful of examples. This hoard consist of more than 1,346 items, of which 655 are of gold and 504 of silver; no wonder archaeologists say that the find is going to rewrite Anglo-Saxon history.
This article is an extract from the full article published in World Archaeology Issue 38. Click here to subscribe


characteristic that contributes to the differentiation or distinction of someone or something from a group of otherwise comparable identity
- It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion. It is easy in solitude to live after our own. But the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.
- Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance,” Essays: First Series (1883), p. 55
- Most men have bound their eyes with one or another handkerchief, and attached themselves to some one of these communities of opinion. This conformity makes them not false in a few particulars, authors of a few lies, but false in all particulars. Their every truth is not quite true. Their two is not the real two, their four not the real four; so that every word they say chagrins us and we know not where to begin to set them right.
- Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance,” Essays: First Series (1883), pp. 55-56
- Wenn wir uns selbst fehlen, fehlt uns doch alles.
- When we lack ourselves, we lack everything.
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The Sorrows of Young Werther
- When we lack ourselves, we lack everything.
- In anxiety there lies the possibility of a disclosure which is quite distinctive; for anxiety individualizes. This individualization brings Dasein back from its falling, and makes manifest to it that authenticity and inauthenticity are possibilities of its Being. These basic possibilities of Dasein (and Dasein is in each case mine) show themselves in anxiety as they are in themselves—undisguised by entities within-the-world, to which, proximally and for the most part, Dasein clings.
- Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, translated by John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson, p. 235
- It is true that we instinctively recoil from seeing an object to which our emotions and affections are committed handled by the intellect as any other object is handled. The first thing the intellect does with an object is to class it along with something else. But any object that is infinitely important to us and awakens our devotion feels to us also as if it must be sui generis and unique. Probably a crab would be filled with a sense of personal outrage if it could hear us class it without ado or apology as a crustacean, and thus dispose of it. “I am no such thing,” it would say; “I am myself, myself alone.”
- It is Christian heroism—a rarity, to be sure—to venture wholly to become oneself, an individual human being, this specific individual human being, alone before God, alone in this prodigious strenuousness and this prodigious responsibility.
- Søren Kierkegaard, The Sickness Unto Death (1849), H. and E. Hong, trans. (1980), pp. 5-6
- The common individual always conforms to the prevailing opinion and the prevailing fashion; he regards the state in which everything now exists as the only possible one and passively accepts it all. … To the genius it always occurs to ask: Could this too not be false?
- Georg Lichtenberg, The Waste Books, R. J. Hollingdale trans. (2000), C25
- By the term individual I shall mean that in which each of us is peculiarly himself. I shall emphasize not what is common is us, but what is uncommon, and this leads me to a restatement of our question. In considering what is happening to the individual, I shall discuss what in modern civilization is happening to the uncommon in us. Are we becoming more common or more uncommon? Are the common people destroying the uncommon? Is the public self of us crushing out the personal self? Are we being directed more from without than from within? As our group memberships grow larger, do we as persons tend to grow smaller? Do the tendencies of the present day, mass movements, social organization, publicity, public education, emphasize the unique in man, or enhance the dominance of undifferentiated man acting as mass?
- Everett Dean Martin, The Conflict of the Individual and the Mass in the Modern World (1932), p. 9
- It is not by wearing down into uniformity all that is individual in themselves, but by cultivating it and calling it forth, within the limits imposed by the rights and interests of others, that human beings become a noble and beautiful object of contemplation.
- John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1895), Chapter 3, pp. 112-113
- In his heart every man knows quite well that, being unique, he will be in the world only once and that no imaginable chance will for a second time gather together into a unity so strangely variegated an assortment as he is: he knows it but he hides it like a bad conscience—why? From fear of his neighbor, who demands conventionality and cloaks himself with it. But what is it that constrains the individual to fear his neighbor, to think and act like a member of a herd, and to have no joy in himself? Modesty, perhaps, in a few rare cases. With the great majority it is indolence, inertia. ... Men are even lazier than they are timid, and fear most of all the inconveniences with which unconditional honesty and nakedness would burden them. Artists alone hate this sluggish promenading in borrowed fashions and appropriated opinions and they reveal everyone’s secret bad conscience, the law that every man is a unique miracle.
- Friedrich Nietzsche, Untimely Meditations, “Schopenhauer as educator,” § 3.1, R. Hollingdale, trans. (1983), p. 127
- A man can be himself only so long as he is alone; and if he does not love solitude, he will not love freedom; for it is only when he is alone that he is really free. Constraint is always present in society, like a companion of whom there is no riddance; and in proportion to the greatness of a man’s individuality, it will be hard for him to bear the sacrifices which all intercourse with others demands.
- Arthur Schopenhauer, Counsels and Maxims, T. B. Saunders, trans., § 9
- As long as man has not ascended to the rank of existence where he leaves behind him the domain of the universal and enters into his own personal domain—no longer dependent upon the principles operative in the realm of the universal—he is still subject to the rule of the species and the universal form. However, as soon as he liberates himself from the burden of the species, he becomes a free man. Complete freedom belongs only to the prophet, the man of God. The man who is a mere random example of the species, on the other hand, is wholly under the rule of the scientific lawfulness of existence. Between this species man and the man of God, between necessity and freedom, is the middle range in which most people find themselves.
- Joseph B. Soloveitchik, Halakhic Man (1983), p. 135
- If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.
- Henry David Thoreau, Walden