via NY Daily News
There’s no question that we Americans don’t have enough fish in our diets. As little fish as we eat, we consume even less fatty fish, which is a bigger tragedy.
Fatty fish — herring, sardines, salmon, tuna, trout and others — are our only source of fish oil (outside of supplementation).
Doctors are particularly concerned that pregnant and breastfeeding women are not consuming enough of the omega-3 acids found in fish oil.
Fish oils are especially valuable to unborn children. Omega-3 consumption may help boost fetal cognitive and motor development.
A 2008 study found that omega-3 consumption by a mother during her last three months of pregnancy improved her baby’s sensory, cognitive and motor development.
The benefits of fatty fish oil for adults are not to be scoffed at either. You’ve heard that fish is “brain food.” That’ probably due to the effect fish oil has on your memory. Researchers have documented that omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil boosts working memory in young adults.
In a related vein, a 2007 study indicated that fish oils may help young people with behavioral problems, especially those with ADHD.
Kids who consumed between 8 and 16 grams per day of EPA and DHA (the long chain omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil) showed significant improvements in their behavior.
Fish oil fans have popularly claimed that regular consumption of their favorite food is a ward against Alzheimer’s disease.
This one’s a hung jury: a 2010 study found no difference between fish oil and a placebo in Alzheimer’s prevention.
Another published in 2007 showed that a diet rich in fish, omega-3 oils, fruit and veggies reduces dementia and Alzheimer’s risk.
There’s no disputing, however, that the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil may be effective for reducing the risk of psychosis.
A 12-week intervention published in Nature Communications detailed how omega-3 supplements substantially reduced the long-term risk of developing psychotic disorders.
And a 2014 study claims epilepsy patients could reduce seizure frequency by consuming low doses of omega-3 fish oil every day.
Scientists have discovered that fish oil can reduce seizure frequency in epilepsy patients — even those who no longer respond to medication.
Carrots may have the reputation as “eye food,” but the DHA in fish oil protects people from age-related vision loss, as noted in the journal Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science.
Dr. Samadi is a board-certified urologic oncologist trained in open and traditional and laparoscopic surgery and is an expert in robotic prostate surgery. He is chairman of urology, chief of robotic surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital. He is a medical correspondent for the Fox News Channel’s Medical A-Team Learn more at roboticoncology.com. Visit Dr. Samadi’s blog at SamadiMD.com. Follow Dr. Samadi on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook.


www.Earthzine.org is soliciting articles worldwide for its theme issue on observing and monitoring Global Human Health, including contributions addressing current issues, techniques and applications of remote sensing, GIS, and geovisualization. We seek articles that document the use of Earth information and observing technologies that benefit human health, medical communities, governmental and NGO policy planners, and disaster response teams. The theme issue is scheduled for the third quarter of 2010, June 21 ÛÒ September 21. Global Human Health Guest Editor is Assaf Anyamba, PhD. For more detail on the types of articles that are of interest and the formats for submission, please consult the Call for Papers. You can also help Earthzine reach potential contributors and readers by downloading the CfP, and forwarding or posting it within your network.
The photo to the right depicts two Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes as the female at the top of the image, was in the process of egg-laying atop a sheet of egg paper. The male is at the bottom of the image. A. gambiae is the principal vector of malaria in Africa.
Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans. People who get malaria are typically very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness. Although malaria can be a deadly disease, illness and death from malaria can usually be prevented.
About 1,500 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States each year. The vast majority of cases in the United States are in travelers and immigrants returning from countries where malaria transmission occurs, many from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Photo: US Centers for Disease Control


Programs or pieces of code that "infect" one or more of the programs on your PC. Basically, your programs "get sick" and start performing in weird ways, which sometimes can lead to a system crash.
Malicious programs that propagate over a network, reproducing as they go. Worms cause the same effects as viruses but they are more dangerous since they spread by themselves.
Hackers scan the open ports on your PC to figure out if they are open or exist at all. If your computer reports an open port, a hacker can send a worm and virus to it. They can even use an open port to take control of your PC.
DENIAL OF SERVICE (DOS) ATTACKS:
This kind of attack happens when a hacker finds a responding port on your PC and sends a huge amount of data to it. The port is just unable to accept all of the data, the system resources exhaust, and the system crashes and denies service.


How to make sure your castings measure up
One of the basic principles used in reviewing a casting design is Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T). This is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances through the use a symbolic language on engineering drawings. It explicitly describes the part geometry and its allowable variations.
Using GD&T is one of the best ways for the customer’s design engineer, the supplier’s manufacturing engineer and the quality inspectors from both organizations to reach consensus on a part’s design needs. If properly implemented, the datum structure will become a key element of the part’s technical information for its entire life. That means that parts can be brought back from the field and checked against the datum structure to determine wear and other beneficial performance data.
The datum reference frame is the starting point for GD&T. A datum reference is a theoretical exact plane, axis or point location to which dimensional tolerances are referenced. You can think of them as an “anchor” for the entire part from which where the other features are referenced. In a simpler form, think of a datum reference as plotting points on a X-Y coordinate system with a third axis, Z, coming out of the paper.
A datum feature is usually an important functional feature (a hole, plane or surface) that needs to be controlled during measurement. The features are controlled in relationship to each other to allow other mating parts to be assembled together to allow the final product to function as designed.
Using this coordinate system, the designer can apply tolerances to features like:
With this knowledge, the tooling and casting engineer can design the pattern and casting process to ensure that the resulting castings meet the customer’s design needs.
If no datum or GD&T is used on the initial design, the casting engineer can work with the design engineer to determine key features that will define the casting process. This is not always an efficient process. More often than not, it takes several conversations, meetings and mark-ups of the design before the design intent is fully understood by the supplier. The resulting agreements will improve the final outcome of the casting.
No part is ever produced perfectly. By implementing a common language for dimensions and tolerances, a properly implemented GD&T can improve the quality and reduce the time and cost of the final product. If it’s not improperly implemented, it could drive up your costs and cause quality concerns.
To learn more about GD&T and how it can help to improve your casting outcomes, please contact The C.A. Lawton Co. and ask about attending our Iron 101 class.


Groundwater is found below the surface of the earth. Pennsylvania, having a humid climate, has a lot of water in springs, wetlands, streams, and lakes -- yet it has 30 times more groundwater than surface water.
Every day, we withdraw groundwater from wells and springs to meet our household, agricultural, and industrial needs.
Pennsylvania Groundwater Information System
You can search and download from hundreds of thousands of water well records and springs in the Pennsylvania Groundwater Information System (PaGWIS).
From PaGWIS, you can obtain information on:
Private Water Wells
Groundwater wells are manmade discharge points. More than a million homeowners in Pennsylvania depend on private water supplies for their drinking water needs.
In the commonwealth, protection and maintenance of a private well is the responsibility of the homeowner. DCNR provides information (PDF) on water wells in bedrock -- the most common type of well in the state.
Some tips for protecting private wells include:
Hire a certified well driller for new construction, modification, or abandonment
Have the well water tested once a year
Do not dispose of chemicals or pesticides on the ground
Maintain septic systems properly
Watch an iConservePA video on how water wells are drilled and how to keep your water source in good shape.
Abandoned Private Water Wells
Private water wells that are no longer being used should be sealed. The property owner is responsible for effectively filling and sealing all abandoned water wells according to water well abandonment guidelines (PDF).
Completed well abandonment forms (PDF) should be sent to:
Water-Well Drillers Licensing Service
Pennsylvania Geological Survey
3240 Schoolhouse Road
Middletown, PA 17057-3534
The Geology of Pennsylvania’s Groundwater
The geology and landscape of Pennsylvania varies, and the variations affect the movement and quality of groundwater. The basics of groundwater are covered in the Pennsylvania Geological Survey booklet on The Geology of Pennsylvania’s Groundwater (PDF).
Groundwater Data and Reports
The Pennsylvania Geological Survey has been characterizing the state’s groundwater resources since the 1930s. The survey’s water resource reports contain technical information and maps on the groundwater resources of a specific area, usually a county.
The reports can be downloaded at PaGEODE, which is DCNR’s geologic web-mapping application, or on DCNR’s e-library.


A giant supercomputer controls exactly what happens everywhere in the world. It could be the end of free will or the end of the world, pick your poison. This is the premise behind the (spoiler alert) third season of Westworld, the sci-fi show exploring the future of android tech and sticky philosophical quandaries.
The supercomputer, Rehoboam, stuck out to me. It was an interesting example of what could be the future of computing: centralized power given to one all-powerful machine, a god-mode to keep everything in order. Although in theory it sounded far fetched, I couldn't help but wonder how we may already be working towards that. The consolidation of data in the hands of a few large tech companies lays the seeds for future development of tech like Rehoboam.
Step 1: Surveillance for Data
The first step to developing tech like Rehoboam would be large-scale surveillance and data on nearly every individual alive. We already participate in this with our mobile devices. Companies like Facebook, Google, and Amazon can build comprehensive profiles on our activities across key areas: our relationships (social media), our purchases, and our work (search history). Nowadays with the integration of all these areas within singular applications (cough cough, Instagram), these profiles could be created from just one app. This is not to mention the iOT tech, video surveillance, and facial recognition that is now appearing in our physical spaces, also largely owned by the above 3 companies.
Step 2: Incentives for Exploitation
The next step to creating Rehoboam would be an incentive to utilize data for the purpose of controlling others. There is no clear reason for these companies to use this data to control us, yet. Right now, the services use our data to bring us more of what we like. They optimize for our attention and dollars by giving us exactly what we want to see.
This model works right now because our attention is lucrative. What happens when our attention isn't worth as much anymore? What if inciting instability becomes a money-maker? What if isolating us becomes more profitable? One can argue that the attention economy already does profit from all of those things. Due to the advantage of data & scale, the big companies are the only ones that reap the benefits. It wouldn't take more than a few bad actors near the top of the system for the goal for the use of this data to shift.
Behavior change could be (and already is) caused just through the manipulation of what individuals see on platforms like Facebook, Google search, Twitter, or Instagram. These platforms already profit off of our internet use, so the incentive is there to take it even further. The systems are also present. The lines between government, media, commerce, and entertainment are blurred, making it easier to exploit population actions at scale through those dominant platforms.
Step 3: Building the Technology
The final step to create Rehoboam is the actual tech needed to get there. Rehoboam is a form of superintelligence, and considering that AI can't even drive cars yet, we are far from there. Some experts predict, though, that we are not even 50 years away. More important than how the tech will get developed, though, is who will develop it. With the way tech development is happening now, it would be impossible for any entity without the data stores of Facebook, Google, or Amazon to get there. Data is the most important asset to devise effective algorithms. We place a lot of trust in the developers, then, in hoping that they will have our best interests in mind when they build.
The consolidation of power for these few companies does not bode well for the future of how tech will develop to play a part in our lives. We may not get Rehoboam, but something far more subtle and nefarious, and it's an interdisciplinary policy, technology, and ethics challenge to go about avoiding it.


Homocysteine and Hyperhomocysteinemia: Hard to spell. Easy to manage
Since we’re science people and love the mysteries of the body, let’s talk about another one.
Homocysteine is a common amino acid (aka the “building blocks of proteins”) in your blood. High levels of it are linked to the early development of heart disease. In fact, a study published in the British Medical Journal showed that the homocysteine level in a person’s blood plasma is a higher predictor of death from cardiovascular disease in older people than cholesterol, high blood pressure or smoking. And homocysteine comes mostly from eating meat.
Does that mean I’ll get high homocysteine levels from eating steak and burgers?
Not exactly … although the advice to go easy on the red meat may be wise for some (due to cholesterol), we’ve since learned that it’s not really the intake of homocysteine that’s the problem; it’s what your body does with it. There are more strongly associated causes of elevated homocysteine levels or hyperhomocysteinemia.
BTW - Words like “hyperhomocysteinemia” are the reason the National Spelling Bee Championship is on ESPN.
But back to causes of elevated homocysteine.
Causes of Elevated Homocysteine Levels (source: AHA Journals)
Deficiency of folate or vitamins B6/B12
Low levels of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism)
Medications (e.g. proton pump inhibitors)
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genetic mutations, especially when gene received from both parents
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Poor vitamin intake
Other factors thought to raise levels are poor diet, smoking, high coffee (yikes) and alcohol intake, diabetes, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
In most cases, histamine is broken down by enzymes in your body, which prevents it from building up. But if these enzymes aren’t working properly histamine quickly accumulates. This can lead to histamine intolerance.
WHY do these H words cause such problems?
Cell damage, in a nutshell. The reason homocysteine accumulates in the body, causing cell damage and the onset of major disease, is because the biochemical transformation process (transforming consumed nutrients into usable ones) is not working properly. This usually happens due to a lack of the necessary vitamin forms and co-factors required to make the downstream enzymatic conversions needed for optimal health.
We want homocysteine to get enzymatically converted back into methionine, which is benign to the body - but for this to happen, our MTHFR gene needs to convert folate properly into methylfolate or you will want to take methylfolate directly (as little as 3 mg a day can positively affect homocysteine levels). Another thing that can help this conversion take place is TMG (trimethylglycine) - 600-1,800 mg a day.
Is heart disease the only thing to worry about?
It’s definitely one of the most dangerous by-products of high homocysteine, but it’s not the only one. Increased levels are also linked to
- declining memory
- poor concentration and judgment
- lowered mood
- neural tube defects in babies
- Methylfolate, especially if you have an MTHFR mutation
- B6 (as pyridoxal-5-phosphate)
- B2 (as riboflavin-5-phosphate)
- B12 (as one or all of the 3 active forms: hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin)
- Zinc, and
- Trimethylglycine (TMG)


ABCD Pediatrics follows the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for all immunizations. Click on the link below for a detailed explanation of each vaccine and what it protects your children from:
Diphtheria, Tetanus & Pertussis (DTaP): Given at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15 months and 4 years of age. Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis are serious diseases caused by bacteria. Diphtheria and pertussis are spread from person to person. Tetanus enters the body through cuts or wounds. Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat, and can lead to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure and even death. Tetanus (lockjaw) causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to “locking” of the jaw so the victim cannot open his mouth or swallow. Tetanus leads to death in about 1 out of 10 cases. Pertussis (Whooping Cough) causes coughing spells so bad that it is hard for infants to eat, drink, or breathe. These spells can last for weeks. It can lead to pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and death. Tdap is the tetanus booster with pertussis additive, and is given at age 10 or 11, along with the meningitis vaccine.
Polio (IPV): Given at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 4 years of age. Polio is a disease caused by a virus. It enters a child’s (or adult’s) body through the mouth. Sometimes it does not cause serious illness, but sometimes it causes paralysis. It can kill people who get it by paralyzing the muscles that help them breath.
Hepatitis B (HepB): Given at birth, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months of age. The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause short-term (acute) illness that leads to loss of appetite, diarrhea and vomiting, tiredness, jaundice (yellow skin or eyes), or pain in muscles, joints, and stomach. It can also cause long-term (chronic) illness that leads to liver damage (cirrhosis), liver cancer and death.
Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib): Given at 2 months, 4 months, and 15 months. Haemophilus Influenza is a serious disease caused by a bacteria. It usually strikes children under 5 years of age. Your child can get Hib disease by being around other children or adults who may have the bacteria and not know it. The germs spread from person to person. If the germs stay in the child’s nose and throat, the child probably will not get sick. But sometimes the germs spread into the lungs or the bloodstream, and then Hib can cause serious problems, including pneumonia, severe swelling in the throat, infections of the blood, joints, bones and covering of the heart, and even death.
Pneumococcal conjugate (Prevnar): Given at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 15 months. Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria can cause serious illness and death. Invasive pneumococcal disease is responsible for about 200 deaths each year among children under 5 years of age, and is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the U.S. (Meningitis is an infection of the covering of the brain). It causes severe diseases, including meningitis, blood infections and ear infections (ear infections have many causes, and pneumococcal vaccine is effective against only some of them). It can also lead to other health problems, including pneumonia, deafness and brain damage. The bacteria are spread from person to person through close contact; at highest risk are children under the age of two, and the infection can be hard to treat because the bacteria have become resistant to some of the drugs used to threat them.
Rotavirus (Rotateq): Given at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months. Rotavirus is a virus that causes severe diarrhea, mostly in babies and young children. It is often accompanied by vomiting and fever. It is not the only cause of severe diarrhea, but it is one of the most serious. You child can get rotavirus infection by being around other children who are already infected. Almost all children in the U.S. are infected with rotavirus before their fifth birthday, and children are most likely to get rotavirus disease between November and May.
Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR): Given at 1 year of age and 4 years of age. Measles virus causes rash, cough, runny nose, eye irritation and fever. It can lead to ear infection, pneumonia, seizures, brain damage and death. Mumps virus causes fever, headache and swollen glands. It can lead to deafness, meningitis (infection of the brain and spinal cord covering), painful swelling of the testicles or ovaries, and rarely, death. Rubella (German Measles) virus causes rash, mild fever, and arthritis (mostly in women). If a women gets rubella while pregnant, she could have a miscarriage or her baby could be born with serious birth defects. You or your child can catch these diseases by being around someone who has them. The spread from person to person through the air.
Varicella (Chickenpox): Given at 1 year of age and again at age 4. If not given at age 4, will be given a booster at age 11. Chickenpox is a common childhood disease. Although usually mild, it can be serious, especially in young infants and adults. The virus can be spread from person to person through the air, or by contact with fluid from chickenpox blisters. It causes a rash, itching, fever and tiredness. It can lead to severe skin infection, scars, pneumonia, brain damage, or death. A person who has had chickenpox can get a painful rash called shingles years later. ProQuad is a combination MMR and Varicella vaccine that is given at 1 year of age.
Hepatitis A (HepA): Given at 1 year and again six months after the first dose. Hepatitis A is a serious liver disease caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV is found in the stool of persons with hepatitis A. It is usually spread by close personal contact and sometimes by eating food or drinking water containing HAV. Hepatitis A can cause mild “flu-like” illness, jaundice or severe stomach pains and diarrhea. A person who has hepatitis A can easily pass the disease along to others within the same household.
Meningicoccal (Menactra): Given between the ages of 11 years old and 12 years old. A Booster shot is given 5 years after the initial dose and is required by most colleges. Meningooccal disease is a serious illness, caused by bacteria. It is an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and can also cause blood infections. Infections can be treated with drugs such as penicillin, but still, about 1 out of every 10 people dies from it, and many others are affected for life (loss of arms or legs, deafness, nervous system problems, mental retardation, seizures or strokes).


OCTANITE is produced in England since many decades as a fuel catalyst and made in the form of "pellets" by a tin based amalgam of specific metals whose formula is a trade secret. It behaves as permanent octane booster, fuel stabilizer, combustion enhancer and cleaner of carbon deposits in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines.
When the fuel flows through OCTANITE catalyst instantly occurs an electrochemical reaction: by transporting the active substance into the combustion chamber where it develops its action, improves reaction times and bursting and makes more complete combustion, thus contributing to a greater efficiency of the engine leaving it without carbonic deposits. OCTANITE is a permanent fuel treatment device that works to make the world a better place.
The catalyst is available in two versions:
1) Metal pellets to be inserted directly into the tank
2) Anti-rust metal canister hermetically sealed and containing the metal pellets to be mounted on the fuel line to the engine
One OCTANITE catalyst is all you need.
It is maintenance-free and you do not need to change anything.


Extend Your Learning
Explore a comprehensive glossary of commonly used terms for data and evaluation.
- Annotated Bibliography
Use this annotated bibliography to find some useful resources on using data. It includes links to each resource.
- Attributes of a Good Data Display
This handout includes a data display quality checklist and an example of a good and a poor data display.
- Head Start Father Engagement Birth to Five Programming Guide
Head Start and Early Head Start staff will find this comprehensive guide to father engagement useful. It is organized around the Parent, Family, and Community Engagement (PFCE) Framework.
- Which Chart or Graph is Right for You?
Discover a variety of chart formats and learn when to use each.


"Who Breaks a Butterfly Upon a Wheel?"
This was the question posed by William Rees-Mogg, editor of the London Times, on July 1, 1967, in the headline of an editorial denouncing the sentencing of Rolling Stones members Mick Jagger and Keith Richards to three and 12 months in prison, respectively, on drug-related charges.
Four years before Richard Nixon declared a "war on drugs," and over a decade before Ronald Reagan’s administration kicked the American drug war and racist mass incarceration into overdrive, Rees-Mogg had already correctly observed the power imbalance and excessive force involved in caging human beings for months or years on end for nonviolent drug offenses.
Yet even the most ardent Rolling Stones fan - should they be able to acknowledge how power and privilege operate - would surely have to concede that Jagger and Richards were, already in '67, less vulnerable figures than many against whom the power of the state has been brought to bear. No doubt Jagger and Richards were singled out for being as lacking in respectability as two white, mostly heterosexual Englishmen from comfortable backgrounds could be. But while the case against the two may have been politically motivated, the Stones’ politics would come to be the epitome of the status quo. As Rees-Mogg later described, Jagger even then had a "libertarian view of ethical and social issues which turned out to be one of the constituents, though only one, of Thatcherism . . . [and which] predicted the Anglo-American ideology of the 1980s."
Just shy of half a century later, we cannot count the butterflies who have been put upon the wheel of "justice" in supposedly civilized, democratic, "free" countries like the United Kingdom and United States. The "butterfly upon a wheel," first conjured up by 18th century poet Alexander Pope, endures as a striking metaphor for what happens when a government uses its criminal justice system punitively and for political reasons against individuals who cannot hope to marshal anything like equivalent resources with which to defend themselves.
While it may appear that they have been targeted for their personal drug use, more often, that has been merely an excuse; they have actually been targeted for being poor, and/or black, or otherwise determined as disposable by those in power and too many in our societies. In cases like those of Marissa Alexander, Patreese Johnson and CeCe McDonald, they have been targeted in a way that seems almost designed to illustrate - when set against the cases of George Zimmerman and Michael Dunn - who is granted permission to engage in "self defense" and who is not.
Most recently, we have seen this excessive punitive force aimed, with a deliberate intent that only the most willfully blind apologists could deny, at those who have defied the system’s authority.
Victimless, Manufactured Crimes or "Terrorizing"?
Examples of this from the last few years are myriad. There is Chelsea Manning, who on May 27 will have been in some form of confinement for four years, after revealing war crimes and torture in Iraq, Afghanistan and beyond. Now fighting to reduce her 35-year sentence via appeal, Manning is already forgotten by too many, her name and gender identity now formally recognized by those who hold her prisoner, yet still somehow not always recognized or remembered by those who have claimed to stand in solidarity with her.
There are Brian Jacob Church, Brent Betterly and Jared Chase, the young men known as the NATO 3, who were targeted, "befriended" and manipulated by undercover Chicago police officers, then arrested for allegedly making Molotov cocktails. While the state of Illinois was unable to get either convictions on terrorism charges to stick or the 14 years in prison that officials demanded for each defendant, Judge Thaddeus Wilson handed down sentences of five to eight years each, and, despite the jury’s Not Guilty verdicts on every single terrorism charge, declared that the crimes of which the NATO 3 were convicted, "might not be terrorism but [are] terrorizing."
As in other cases of police infiltration and entrapment of activists such as the Cleveland 4, the case of the NATO 3 reveals a predatory system willing to target the vulnerable and exploit their weaknesses. Testimony revealed that one of the undercover police officers offered alcohol to Jacob Church, who was underage at the time. In their sentencing statement, prosecutors invoked the Boston Marathon bombing, paid assassins and entirely unrelated cases of violence. But as Kevin Gosztola has noted, Assistant State’s Attorney Jack Blakey also cynically invoked Huntington’s disease, the rare genetic neurodegenerative disorder from which Jared Chase suffers, as a possible cause of danger to others and a reason to give him a longer sentence. And Blakey dragged Brent Betterly’s seven-year-old son into his sentencing arguments, calling him "no 'Father of the Year.' "
The examples go on and on. Ahmed Ferhani, another vulnerable young man manipulated by undercover police, serving 10 years for his part in a plot that seems to have been concocted by the NYPD. Jeremy Hammond, serving 10 years in federal prison for exposing troubling collusion between private corporations and government agencies. Barrett Brown, imprisoned since September 2012, initially for charges including the truly heinous crime of pasting of a link. Grand jury resisters in the Pacific Northwest and New York City, now released but held in jail for months for refusing to cooperate with a secretive process often used against political movements.
Whether incarcerated for days, months or years, what they have in common is the absence of having committed anything recognizable as actual crimes with actual victims - in the popular understanding of these terms which, while never perfect, has more logical and ethical sense to it than the definition of crime that the United States government is now handing down.
There is an unfortunate tendency on the left to talk about a dichotomy between so-called "identity politics" and substantive, structural differentials of power. Cases like those of Monica Jones and Cecily McMillan (to name but two) illustrate how false this dichotomy is.
Monica Jones was targeted by the Arizona police for being a black woman, a black trans woman, and a former sex worker now organizing for sex worker rights. Racism and open, explicit and aggressive transphobia were used against Jones in her trial on charges of intent to commit prostitution. The Windy City Times described the trial:
During the nearly three-hour proceedings, the prosecution presented only one witness - the arresting officer. Throughout his testimony, he referred to Jones with the pronouns "he" and "him." The judge deliberated for less than a minute before handing down a guilty verdict. Jones was sentenced to thirty days. She will be forced to serve that term in a men's facility.
"As an African American and as a woman, the justice system has failed me," said Jones after the verdict. Not only did it fail her, the justice system sought to make an example of her. As Laura Campagna observed:
Monica’s case is occurring within a larger context of criminalizing queer and gender-variant people in Arizona. . . . Monica Jones was profiled for looking like a sex worker in a state where law enforcement has been granted the power to determine who people are based on their appearance . . . The judge believed the officer’s story over hers not because his made more sense (it didn’t), but because she is an African-American transgender woman. Her identity has already been criminalized.
Power - as currently manifested in an unholy fusion of corporate oligarchy and the authoritarian, security-obsessed state - will not hesitate to use your identity against you if it can. It will not only target people because of patriarchy and rape culture, various forms of racism from Islamophobia to anti-blackness, homophobia or transphobia, class prejudice and stigma. It will also specifically use structures of inequality - and the prejudices they inculcate in media, jurors and the wider public - against its targets.
Rape Culture as Tool of the State
On Monday, May 5, Cecily McMillan was found guilty of assaulting NYPD Officer Grantley Bovell. She faces up to seven years in prison. She was convicted by a jury who apparently did not all understand the implications of their decision and who had been prevented from considering the broader context of NYPD violence against the movement of which McMillan was part. According to Molly Knefel, writing at The Guardian:
[T]he jury didn't hear anything about the police violence that took place in Zuccotti Park that night [on March 17, 2012]. They didn't hear about what happened there on November 15, 2011, when the park was first cleared. The violence experienced by Occupy protesters throughout its entirety was excluded from the courtroom. The narrative that the jury did hear was tightly controlled by what the judge allowed - and Judge Ronald Zweibel consistently ruled that any larger context of what was happening around McMillan at the time of the arrest (let alone Bovell's own history of violence) was irrelevant to the scope of the trial.
In the trial, physical evidence was considered suspect but the testimony of the police was cast as infallible. Despite photographs of her bruised body, including her right breast, the prosecution cast doubt upon McMillan's allegations of being injured by the police - all while Officer Bovell repeatedly identified the wrong eye when testifying as to how McMillan injured him. And not only was Officer Bovell's documented history of violent behavior deemed irrelevant by the judge, but so were the allegations of his violent behavior that very same night.
The police violence to which McMillan was subjected was explicitly gendered in nature, and in this she is far from alone: It is part of what has been alleged to be a broader pattern, an expression of rape culture as repressive policing tactic.
At her trial, Assistant District Attorney Erin Choi ridiculed McMillan’s allegations of being assaulted by Officer Bovell, calling her "not shy," saying she would have reported it earlier were it true, and concluding "She might as well have said that aliens came that night and assaulted her." In other words, the case against McMillan was built on using rape culture and misogyny: These were the tools used to silence dissent and send, in the words of writer and organizer Wagatwe Wanjuki: "a reminder from the state that women (all people, really) should just accept sexual assault by its hands."
Against the Wheel
When we think of the image of the butterfly on the wheel, it should not be to think of these dissidents as weak or fragile, or to romanticize them. It should be to recognize the immense power differentials at work and the need for this to be not only recognized but spoken loudly and fought.
In 1967, Jagger and Richards were lucky - one might say privileged - enough to have the editor of the Times in their corner. What local pillars of the establishment have spoken out for Cecily McMillan in 2014?
Not NYC Mayor Bill de Blasio, hailed by liberals for his rhetoric on economic inequality and stop-and-frisk, who has made no comment on Cecily McMillan’s case. (It should also be noted that any reforms he has brought to the NYPD have so far been cosmetic, as might be expected following his selection of Bill Bratton as NYPD Commissioner. Bratton, meanwhile, has found appropriately terrifying targets against whom to aim the power of the NYPD, in the form of young black men who dance on the subway.) The founding chapter of the National Organization for Women in NYC has not spoken out, but it found time to do some no doubt much-appreciated PR recently for Bratton and other members of the police force responsible for McMillan’s assault.
So who speaks now for Cecily McMillan and others put on the "wheel" of the criminal justice system? No one, if not you and me.


Updated guidelines strive for obesity to be treated as a chronic condition
The obesity epidemic shows no signs of slowing, with an estimated 640 million people worldwide now considered obese. According to the CDC, every 2 of 3 adults are overweight or obese. Recently, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), who declared obesity a disease in 2012, released evidence-based management guidelines that recommend obesity be approached as a chronic medical condition. Their rationale for the update? “Obesity medicine lacks comprehensive and evidence-based guidelines that are translatable to real-world clinical care of patients with obesity,” said AACE Obesity Scientific Committee Chair W. Timothy Garvey, MD.
The primary goal of obesity care according to the guidelines, is relief from weight-related complications and not just weight loss. Expanding on their 2014 obesity framework, the updated AACE guidelines encompass screening, diagnosis, evaluation, therapeutic decisions, treatment goals, and follow-up. A color-coded graphic algorithm and a separate statement about the importance of incorporating obesity management into the medical chronic-care model were also published with the executive summary of the guidelines in the May 24, 2016 issue of Endocrine Practice.
Included in the guidelines and algorithm are a scheme for obesity staging that uses anthropomorphic and clinical evaluations as well as body mass index (BMI). Certain ethnic groups have different BMI cutoffs and there are recommendations to screen for 16 weight-related comorbidities including type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Clinicians can then make better informed decisions regarding the use of lifestyle modification, weight-loss medications, and when bariatric surgery should be considered.
The full guidelines will be published later this year.


Children everywhere are going to get the chance to have two historical female role models as part of their play sets.
Mattel is honoring Rosa Parks and Sally Ride with their very own Barbie dolls.
Rosa Parks was an American activist known as the Mother of the Modern Civil Rights Movement and Sally Ride was the first American woman — and youngest American — to fly in space.
Each doll comes with educational material about each woman’s contributions to society, authentic clothing and unique accessories.
“Both Sally Ride and Rosa Parks made the world better for future generations of girls,” a Mattel spokesperson told CNN. “By celebrating their achievements with dolls made in their likeness, we hope girls will be inspired to pursue their dreams.”
It’s only fitting that these two new Barbies debuted on Women’s Equality Day.
“Women’s Equality Day celebrates the hard-won achievement of women’s suffrage and pays tribute to the trailblazers who paved the way for future generations,” the Mattel spokesperson said.
According to Mattel, research has shown that starting at the age of five, many girls are less likely than boys to view their own gender as smart and begin to lose confidence in their own competence — this is coined the “Dream Gap.” Showing girls more role models, historical and present, and telling their stories can help close that gap.
The new dolls are part of the Inspiring Women Series, which debuted on International Women’s Day in 2018. Its mission is to honor historical role models who paved the way for generations of girls to dream bigger than before.
Amelia Earhart, Katherine Johnson and Frida Kahlo are also part of this collection.
Both dolls are available for purchase Monday, August 26.


The hydraulic diameter, , is commonly used when dealing with non-circular pipes, holes or ducts.
The definition of the hydraulic diamater is:
Use of hydraulic diameter
Estimating the turbulent length-scale
For fully-developed flow in non-circular ducts the turbulent length scale can be estimated as . This is as usefull estimation for setting turbulence boundary conditions for inlets that have fully developed flow.
Computing Reynolds number
The hydraulic diamater is often used when computing the dimensionless Reynolds number for non-circular ducts.
Hydraulic diameters for different duct-geometries
Using the definition above the hydraulic diamater can easily be computed for any type of duct-geometry. Below follows a few examples.
For a circular pipe or hole the hydraulic diamater is:
Where d is the real diameter of the pipe. Hence, for circular pipes the hydraulic diameter is the same as the real diameter of the pipe.
For a rectangular tube or hole with the width and the height the hydraulic diamter is:
Coaxial circular tube
For a coaxial circular tube with an inner diameter and an outer diameter the hydraulic diameter is:


Did you know? On 6 July 1924, high jumper and legendary Gaelic footballer Larry Stanley became the first athlete to represent independent Ireland in an Olympic athletics competition. Tom Kiely, arguably Ireland's greatest athlete, won in excess of 1,000 prizes, five AAA hammer titles and fifty-three national titles between 1888 and 1908. The oldest medallist in Olympic track and field history is Irish-born Matt McGrath, who won a medal in Paris in 1924 at the age of 49 years and 195 days. In the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne, Ronnie Delany became Ireland's first track champion, winning the 1,500m title with a new Olympic record time of 3:41.2. The Little Book of Irish Athletics is a concise history of all the major occasions in Irish athletics, from the nineteenth century to the Morton Mile of July 2017. This new book from author Tom Hunt is a must for fans of Irish athletics all over the world. A reliable reference book and a quirky guide, this compendium of fascinating, obscure, strange and entertaining facts can be dipped into time and time again to reveal something new about Ireland's proud sporting heritage.
Dr. Tom Hunt is a retired history teacher and local historian who has a Phd in History. He has just completed the official history of the Olympic Council of Ireland, due for publication next year. His previously published works include Sport and Society in Victorian Ireland, and chapters in Sport and the Irish: Histories, Identities and Issues and The Gaelic Athletic Association 1884-2009.


Autism risk increases with back to back pregnancies
by Aimee Keenan-Greene
A new study in the journal Pediatrics suggests children born close in age could be at a greater risk for developing autism.
Autism is a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, specifically social interaction and communication skills. Children and adults with autism typically have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions, and leisure or play activities.
Autism is the most common of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders, affecting an estimated 2 to 6 per 1,000 individuals, according to a document released in 2001 by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This means as many as 1.5 million Americans today are believed to suffer some form of autism, according to the Autism Project of Rhode Island.
The U.S. Department of Education estimates autism is growing at a rate of 10-17 percent per year.
The number of children with autism in Rhode Island's public schools increased more than 1,500 from 1992 to 2002.
Keely Cheslack-Postava, PhD, coauthor of the study and colleagues from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholars, Columbia University, and Paul F. Lazarsfeld Center for the Social Sciences, Columbia University, concluded shorter interpregnancy intervals (IPI), especially with pregnancies spaced less than a year apart, put an infant at an increased risk of developing autism.
The researchers looked at pairs of first and second-born singleton full siblings identified from all California birth records spanning 1992 to 2002. Diagnoses were identified by using linked records of the California Department of Developmental Services. IPI was calculated as the time interval between birth dates minus the gestational age of the second sibling.
The study found an inverse association between IPI and odds of autism among 662,730 second-born children. Specifically, IPIs of under 12 months, 12 to 23 months, and 24 to 35 months were associated with odds ratios, 95 percent confidence intervals, for autism - 3.39 (3.00–3.82), 1.86 (1.65–2.10), and 1.26 (1.10–1.45) relative to IPIs of more than 36 months.
The association was not affected by preterm birth or low birth weight and persisted across sociodemographics, with some attenuation in the oldest and youngest parents.
Scientists say logistic regression models were used to determine whether odds of autism in second-born children varied according to IPI.
According to the Autism Project of Rhode Island, autism is four times more prevalent in boys than girls.
For more information on Autism in Rhode Island, click here.
- Mass Death of Birds and Fish: Is There a Cover Up?
- Appearance by Agribusiness Executive at Organic Conference Stirs Controversy (PR)
- Study suggests whole diet approach to lower CV risk has more evidence than low-fat diets (PR)
- Tell USDA to Protect Organic and Non-GE Farmers--Don’t Punish Them
- Addictive and Toxic: Found in Bread, Pasta Sauce and Salad Dressing


Rogue malware infections - what you need to know RT @BullGuard Rogue #malware infections – What you need to know Rogue malware infections - what you need to know – BullGuard
Rogue software or applications are forms of Internet fraud using computer malware to trick users into revealing financial and social account details or paying for bogus products. As their name suggests, these fraudulent programs go “rogue” on the internet, appearing in simple internet searches and on social networks. Because of their misleading nature, they are definite reasons for getting genuine antivirus protection.
Rogue virus or antivirus?
Many threats can surface while you’re browsing the web.
We’ve mentioned and stressed “genuine antivirus protection” above, because rogue software usually comes disguised as antivirus protection programs – fake antivirus protection, for that matter. This is the most common facet it takes on.
Rogue security software, also known as rogueware or scareware, has become a serious PC threat in recent years. It displays misleading warning messages about virus or spyware infections that, in reality, do not exist. And in order to have their computers “cleaned-up”, users are urged to pay for downloading the full version of the (supposedly) highly effective antivirus tool.
Often times rogueware has a Trojan component that you can pick up in your web searches. This Trojan can take on various forms: a browser toolbar, a screensaver, a free online malware scanning service, a multimedia program supposedly necessary for viewing a certain clip etc. It can also be attached to e-mails or PDF viewers. Once installed, it starts alerting you that your computer is infected with a virus or spyware, and recommends the installation of a fake antivirus protection program or fake antispyware tool.
In some cases, you can stumble upon banner-ads that falsely warn you that your computer has been infected, and entice you to download the trial version of a bogus antivirus or antispyware program. Once installed, the software starts prompting other alerts of virus infections, convincing you to buy the “full” version of the bogus antivirus software. So you end up handing over financial data for an antivirus protection program that does not actually remove malware. In fact, it may add more.
Other types of rogue software are “drive-by downloads” – they download and install themselves silently without any user intervention at all, usually by exploiting browser vulnerabilities.
Examples of rogueware: PCSecureSystem, AntivirusMaster, SpyMarshal.
Malicious apps getting rogue on Facebook
Not only web-browsing can prove troublesome, but also social networking.
Facebook has been a major target for third-party rogue applications designed to get account information from users, in a deceitful manner. They usually take on the form of an additional Facebook feature or functionality, accompanied by enticing messages such as “wooow now I have seen how many hours I spend on Facebook… to find your time click here”, “Check how many people have viewed your profile OMG”, or “Amazing! I’ve just seen who STALKS me on Facebook. You can too!” Once you click on “Allow” to install the app, you grant permission to access your account information, and consequently, send the same message/app invite to your friends. Such rogue apps are usually spread via chat messages, comments, status updates, and even photo tags.
Here are some tips on how to avoid rogue infections while web-browsing and networking:
- Don’t fall for scare tactics. Pop-up banners warning you that your PC is infected and offering you a paid/trial antivirus program to clean it up are definitely signs of rogueware. If you have full antivirus protection on your PC from a trusted vendor, you can ignore such fake alerts.
- For safe browsing, it’s crucial that you have a Link Scanner to show safe search results in search engines and on social media. Also, a Spamfilter is necessary to sort out ill-intended e-mails. BullGuard Antivirus 12 comes with both features.
- Keep all your PC programs up to date, especially your antivirus software and your favourite search engine.
- Be very selective with the Facebook apps you install. If an app asks you for too many permissions, total access to your Facebook account, including Facebook Chat or the right to manage your Pages or Events, then most definitely it’s a rogue app. Avoid it. Also, you should consider removing your home address and mobile phone number from your Facebook profile.
- If you’ve installed a rogue app, clean up your Facebook newsfeed and remove the app from your Facebook account. Consider changing your password as well.
- To avoid having your PC infected with malware, including rogueware, install an effective antivirus protection program. We naturally recommend BullGuard. The dual engine which combines Behavioural and Signature-based detection methods offers proactive protection against all types of malware.
- If you are in doubt at all, contact the support service of your internet security provider. They will be able to ascertain whether you’re infected or not, and help you with what to do next.
Rogue Malware We’ve mentioned and stressed “genuine antivirus protection” above, because rogue software usually comes disguised as antivirus protection programs... bullguard, bull guard, bullguard antivirus, bullguard internet security, antivirus protection, antivirus software
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Verrucas, Warts & Fungal Nails.
Warts and Verrucae.
Warts and verrucae seem to be very common. Warts are small, rough lumps that often appear on the hands and feet. Some types of warts appear on different parts of the body – for example, verrucae are warts that tend to appear on the soles of feet or in between toes. Most people will develop warts at some point in their life although teenagers and children are typically affected more than adults.
The treatment of warts and verrucas is a Yag laser, the treatment itself is extremely quick, just a fraction of a second to ‘zap’ the area, depending on how rough the skin is in the area and how much build up of scar tissue from other treatments will impact on the success of one treatment, however, in most cases, just one treatment will be required, especially on the hands. A very small spot size laser beam is directed at the growth, and the current passed through the laser into the wart. This treatment cauterises the growth, causing it to change colour (grey to black) and fall off. Each treatment takes around 5 minutes. Some types of warts are more resilient to treatment than others and may require additional treatments. Usually, the wart will fall off within about one to two weeks of treatment, leaving skin smooth and blemish-free. Treatment is well tolerated. Subsequent treatments if required are usually 4-6 weeks apart. This treatment can be successful carried out on children.
Warts & Veruccas
Symptoms & causes
- Secondary Viral Infection
- Poor Immune System
Laser is the ONLY solution to this problem
Questions you may have about Verrucas, Warts & Fungal Nails
What Causes Warts?
An infection of HPV (human papilloma virus) causes warts. You probably won’t know that you’ve got the virus and it is unlikely that it will cause any other symptoms. It causes an increase in the amount of keratin produced by the body, and this excess keratin develops in the epidermis. Keratin is a hard protein, which is what causes the rough, hard texture of the wart. Warts are very contagious and can be passed on through close skin contact. Infection can be caused indirectly through contact with surfaces that may have come into contact with the virus, such as swimming pools, and warts may take a few months to appear following the initial infection.
Fungal nail disease (onychomycosis) affects approximately 10% of the adult population and seems to be becoming an increasing problem, this may be due to the rise in salons doing permanent gel nails, or trauma caused from wearing running/trainers for longer periods of time.
As much as a fungal nail infection causes little pain in most cases, it is the aesthetic that causes the stress to most patients, as it means wearing open toed shoes and saddles becomes problematic due to the unsightliness of the toe nails, and can be just as stressful if the fungal nails are on the hands as it is difficult to hide your hands, the most successful aspect of treating hands even more than toes is that the nails on the hands grow much faster so the success of treatment is much quicker, thus improving stress levels.
The fungus proliferates and invades the nail bed by penetrating the margins of the nail.
Conventional treatment options include both topical and oral medications, both of which can be time consuming and cause unwanted side effects. Although not popular, surgical removal of the nail is possible.
Laser fungal nail treatment is an excellent option that is safe and enables immediate return to normal activities.
The laser uses short pulses of light energy to heat up the nail to the point where the fungal infection is destroyed without collateral damage to the nail.
Treatments are usually performed monthly until the infection grows out. Nails grow slowly, so improvement is seen over several months. The nails may feel slightly sensitive for 48 hours post treatment, and we suggest applying antibacterial foot spray twice a day and to apply this to all footwear for a couple of months post first treatment to ensure no more transference of fungal spores.
The treatment is very quick, a patient will be generally only seen for a 15 minute appointment.
For more information about the treatment of warts and verrucae, please contact Skin Technology:- email@example.com. Or 0141 2222 503


According to new study from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, consuming tea and citrus juices could correspond to a lower risk of developing ovarian cancer. This was the first large-scale study to determine the role of flavanoids on ovarian cancer, and followed 172,000 patients over three decades. The research team found that women who consumed flavonols and flavanones, which are two sub-types of flavanoids, experienced much less of a risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer. Since these flavanoids are found in tea and citrus juices and fruits, it is fairly easy to incorporate them to get the associated benefits. This was a promising find, as roughly 20,000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the United States each year and it also happens to be the fifth leading cause of death from cancer among women. What other dietary sources of flavanoids do you recommend to your patients for health benefits?
Gestational diabetes, a common pregnancy complication, has been found to be possibly related to eating fried foods on a regular basis. The research published in the journal Diabetologia discovered 13% increase in gestational diabetes among pregnant women who eat fried foods one to three times per week comparing to ones who eat once a week. The percentage escalates to 31% and more than 50% for those who eat four to six times and seven or more times per week, respectively. However, the cause-effect relationship has not been yet established in this study, and more evidence is needed. How do you typically counsel your pregnant patients about healthy nutrition? What are some of the recommendations that you make?
For more information, please visit WebMD.
Image courtesy of [rakratchada torsap] / FreeDigitalPhoto.net
A single injection of the natural hormone, kisspeptin might replace the need for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in in-vitro fertilization. Ten of 53 women in a recent study gave birth, with 2 women giving birth to twins. The hCG triggers egg maturation but can overstimulate the ovaries, but kisspeptin is broken down more quickly resulting in less overstimulation. Five adverse effects reported were 2 ectopic pregnancy, 2 miscarriages, and 1 heterotopic pregnancy. How do you feel about the use of kisspeptin as an alternative to hCG therapy?
For additional information, please see Journal of Clinical Investigation.
A new study was performed to show the effect of exercise on hot flashes among women going through menopause. Study included 248 women randomized into two groups, one group that exercised three times per week for 12 weeks and other group that did their usual activity. All the women included in the study were going through menopause or had already gone through it. Confounders were reduced by only including women that were already presenting frequent hot flashes at the start of the study. Participants were told to keep track of the number and severity of hot flashes using daily diary. Researchers found no connection between exercise and reduction in hot flashes. Author of the study still recommended women to exercise because of its beneficial effects on other menopausal symptoms such as depression and insomnia. What are your thoughts about these findings?
For more information, please click here.
A study led by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences researcher, Donna Baird, suggested that there is a negative association between Vitamin D and risk of uterine fibroids – 1,036 women were evaluated, women who had sufficient level of Vitamin D were about 30 percent less likely to develop fibroids. How often do you counsel women on their vitamin D intake? Do you have favorite brands/products?
For additional information, please go to National Institute of Health
A recent study published in the journal Menopause evaluated the consumption of soy-related products and the onset of menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats in women who were premenopausal at the start of the study. Soy contains phytoestrogens, a plant-based estrogen, and is mainly found in food such as tofu and miso. After the 10-year study, researchers concluded that the intake of soy-containing foods did not prevent the onset of menopausal symptoms women experience. What do you typically recommend to your patients for the prevention of symptoms of menopause
Please read the article in News Track India to find out more.
A double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial recently published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute evaluated the use of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in 1,470 women, who were part of a larger study, and the risk of colorectal adenoma. Researchers concluded that women who took 2.5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of vitamin B6, and 1 mg of vitamin B12 showed no decreased risk of colorectal adenoma compared to placebo. What counseling points do you generally provide to patients taking these supplements?
For more information, please read the abstract in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.


Feldenkrais in a Nutshell
A Life-Changing Tool
The Feldenkrais Method is a life-changing tool that couples movement with self-awareness to help people resolve their pain, achieve their goals and enhance their lives. The Method is rooted in a synthesis of Eastern knowledge, Western science, somatic awareness and human development theories. Its high level of effectiveness for healing and transformation comes from directly engaging the plasticity of the brain.
The Feldenkrais Method is a whole-body learning process. It is a means by which people can learn to listen to and understand the sensory information in their body. This sensory information is invaluable for resolving chronic pain. This same sensory information can help someone become a better singer, athlete, lover, etc. Sensory information can be used to help someone walk safely up and down stairs after an accident or surgery, or to regain self-care skills lost through a neurological disorder.
A Well-Tuned Body
Our body is the instrument through which we live our lives. Just as a well-tuned musical instrument lends itself more readily to playing good music, a responsive, relaxed and pain-free body makes life easier and more enjoyable. The Feldenkrais Method is a means of tuning our “instrument” so it better serves us in whatever we want to do.
Feldenkrais® is effective for people of all ages, abilities and states of health.
"Feldenkrais represents a revolution in human health." Smithsonian Magazine
"The system developed by Moshe Feldenkrais has as much potential for understanding the mind/body relationship as Einstein's general theory of relativity had for physics." Bernard Lake, M.D.


London celebrates St George's Day with a day of free activities, food stalls, children's games and more at the Mayor of London's annual Feast of St George in Trafalgar Square.
St George's Day is officially on 23 April. The date of the Trafalgar Square event is yet to be confirmed.
About Feast of St George
Come and celebrate St George’s Day in Trafalgar Square with a feast of traditional English fare and free fun for everyone!
Organised by the Mayor of London, the Feast of St George is inspired by St George’s Day’s 13th-century origins as a national day of feasting.
History of St George and the Dragon
St George is the patron saint of England. His name is most commonly associated with the legend of St George and the Dragon.
In the mythical tale, George obtains glory by slaying a dragon that is terrorising the countryside and is about to eat a beautiful princess. George survives the ordeal by invoking the sign of the cross.
As a mark of their gratitude, the local citizens all convert to Christianity and seek to copy George's chivalrous, princess-saving behaviour.
The story is loosely based on a real-life George who was born around 280AD and grew up to become a Christian soldier of the Roman Empire.
The myth of St George and the Dragon in England was known prior to the Norman conquest in 1066, but the idea of George as the nation's patron saint probably caught on around William Shakespeare's time.
In Shakespeare's play Henry V, the English troops are famously rallied with the cry "God for Harry, England and St George!".


Last edited by cub; Nov 2nd 2009 at 06:25 AM.
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Originally Posted by cub Hi, i'm having a bit of trouble with a couple of problems:
1. Define the relation ~ on R^2 by (x1,y1)~(x2,y2)<=>2(y1-y2)=(x1-x2). Show that ~ is an equivalence relation and describe geometrically the equivalence classes.
2. let ~ be an equivalence relation on Z such n~n+5 and n~n+8. prove that n~m for all n,m in Z. Can you show what work you have done thus far on these?
We cannot help if we don't know where you have trouble.
For part 1 i know that i need to show that it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive to show that it is an equivalence relation. But i'm not sure how to go about doing that.
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Of the 200,000 species of molluscs living in the world today, only about 20 have such intrinsically beautiful shells that they captivate people at first glance. The Golden Cowrie (Lyncina aurantium) is one of these; an exotic and rare shell that instantly enchanted Europeans three hundred years ago when the first specimens were brought from the tropical Pacific Ocean with Captain Cook in July 1775.
Highly prized by shell collectors, an absolutely flawless specimen (called a ‘gem’ in the commercial shell trade) can fetch $2,000.
The Golden Cowrie shell can reach 110 mm in length, making it the second largest of all 270 species of living cowries. At 190 mm, the largest living cowrie is the Atlantic Deer Cowrie (Macrocypraea cervus), but that is eclipsed by an extinct (Cretaceous to Eocene geological epoch) cowrie species (Gisortia sp.) that exceeded 260 mm.
The Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory possesses six Golden Cowries in its mollusc collection. The largest, and near-gem quality specimen (P.42845), came from the Philippine Islands. This specimen glows with the rich golden colour that characterises this species and it has hardly any ‘growth marks’ on its shell. Almost all the other cowrie species have patterns on their shells – contrasting spots or stripes – but the Golden Cowrie is unique in its uniform colour.
Nobody knows what evolutionary forces produced such simple yet striking colours on the shell. The animal that makes the shell lives deep inside caves on drop-offs below coral reefs during the day, and only emerges in the dark of night to feed. The animal, which completely covers its shell when it is foraging, is mottled brown with dozens of little white swellings like little hands, so is incredibly well camouflaged. Only when touched, does the animal withdraw the fleshy organs (called the mantle) that produce and protect the shell to reveal the golden colour underneath. The animal continually polishes it shell, so its shine is natural.
The smallest Golden Cowrie shell in the MAGNT collection (P.27328) has an interesting history. It comes from the Solomon Islands. It must have tumbled accidentally onto the sandy sea floor below the rock wall where it had been living and feeding. Since the architecture of their shell prevents cowries from righting themselves, it would have died where it fell. A long time later when the shell had lost its colour and shine, a diver found it and offered it for sale at the Honiara market for just one Solomon dollar. It must be the only Golden Cowrie in the world to have been traded so cheaply!
Although not a single Golden Cowrie has ever been found in Australian waters, there is a possibility that it could be living on one of the unexplored shoals in the Arafura Sea immediately north of the Top End. A much rarer Pacific cowrie, the White-toothed Cowrie (Lyncina leucodon), was found there by a diver last year. Just imagine how exciting it would be to discover the first Golden Cowrie in Australia!


● Electronics and Communication Engineering
● Linear Electronic Circuits
● It is the branch of science and Technology which deals with the motion of electrons in various systems or devices.
● Electronics includes devices like diodes,transistors,rectifiers,etc.by these devices many systems work efficiently.
● The world is amazing by these very very tiny components which are embeded in to the systems(like radios,computers,etc.) for their working.
● It is any closed system consists of various components(Electronic) linked to each other to make a circuit functional.
● This circuits is of very small in size.
● Even in chips we have plenty of circuits present in them.
● and etc.
● Diode is a semiconductor which is made of with the combination of the p and n type semiconductors.
● It can be denoted by the symbol
● The main characteristic of the diode is it can block the current in one direction and allows the flow in another direction.
● Diodes are mostly made up of Silicon and Germanium.
● Rectifier is one which converts AC current into DC current known as rectification
● Number of diodes are used in rectifiers.
● If only one diode is used in a rectifier it is called as a rectifier the only difference is a rectifier converts AC current to DC current.
● There are two types of rectifiers one is half wave rectifier and another is full wave rectifier.
● Rectifiers are used in power supplies and in radio signals.
● These transformers also did the same thing as rectifiers as taking ac voltage or current throught it and convert it to dc supply.
● There are two types of transformers namely step up,step down tranformers.
● Mutual induction process is takes place while converting from ac to dc.
● And the number of primary and secondary coils are responsible for the step up and step down transformers.


In spare and elegant free verse, Malaspina shares a vivid act of civil disobedience.
Susan B. Anthony registered to vote in Rochester, N.Y., on November 1, 1872. She and 15 other women cast their ballots four days later, hoping that the new 14th Amendment, which stated that “All persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States,” would permit all women the right to vote. Instead, she was arrested and brought to trial, found guilty because women were not permitted the vote, and fined $100, which she never paid. James fills the pages with strongly modeled images and many close-ups of Susan’s face and the faces of judge, jury, police officers and followers. He makes their faces mobile and intense, so children can feel the force of these ideas as well as hear the words. The refrain, set in larger and alternate type, is “Outrageous. / Unbelievable. / True,” carrying the emotion and idea forward in an accessible and powerful way. The book opens with the text of the 14th and 19th Amendments and closes with facsimiles of a newspaper cartoon, a photograph and Susan B. Anthony’s letter to her close friend Elizabeth Cady Stanton: “Well I have been & gone & done it!!—positively voted.…”
Inspiring fodder for an electoral—or any other—year. (afterword, bibliography) (Picture book/nonfiction. 5-9)


The call of the unknown
Throughout recorded history there have been times when the urge to explore previously unknown parts of the world has captured the imagination of whole populations, to the surprise and often consternation of those on the receiving end of these expeditions. Alexander the Great, Henry the Navigator, Christopher Columbus – each led voyages which were to have consequences that resonated through the ages.
In the middle of the 19th century, the river Nile, one of the greatest remaining challenges for explorers, still had its origins behind a barrier of fetid swamps, fatal diseases and seemingly ferocious tribesmen. Its mystery was compounded by reports of fabulous lakes and mountains.
This challenge fired the imagination of The Royal Geographical Society, who had a particular interest in determining the source of the Nile. Thus, in a series of expeditions between 1856 and 1877, several British explorers were sent to unravel the mystery of the source of the Nile. This river, the longest in the world, flowed through the desert, yet brought life in its floodwater every year. Where did all this water come from? The Sudd (Arabic for obstacle) – a huge, papyrus-clogged swamp, thwarted earlier attempts to follow the river upstream.
Until 1856 little was known of the source of the Nile, the great river that was the cradle of western civilisation, that hadn’t been known to the Greek geographer Ptolemy, in AD 150. He had reported that the Nile originated in two great lakes in central Africa about 10 degrees south of the equator, and was flanked by the peaks of the ‘Mountains of the Moon’. This explanation had been incorporated in a map made by an Arab geographer about AD 1100.
In the mid-1850s, the mysteries of the Niger and the Blue Nile solved, scientific curiosity reverted to the next of Africa's great rivers, the White Nile. European missionaries and traders had ascended it as far as the border of Uganda, but beyond here its course was unknown. In 1856, there was a growing feeling within the Royal Geographical Society that the time was at hand to settle the matter.
Enter Lieutenant Richard Francis Burton of the East India Company's Bombay Light Infantry, a swarthy, moustachioed man of 35 who offered to take an expedition into the region. Burton was already famous for a number of illustrious excursions. He had a remarkable intellect and combined broad-ranging scholarship with eccentric, libertine behaviour.
While in India, he often donned native garb, perfecting his ability to pass as a ‘local’. It was this ability to shed his British persona that enabled him, in 1853, to travel an equally perilous journey to Mecca and Medina disguised as a Muslim Pathan (a native of north-west Pakistan or Afghanistan) and, the following year, to enter the ‘forbidden city’ of Harar (in modern Ethiopia). However, in his later African journeys, he played the role of English gentleman to the hilt.
Speke and Burton - chalk and cheese
The Society accepted his offer, sufficient funds were raised, and the East India Company granted him leave. Burton selected fellow Indian army officer Lieutenant John Hanning Speke as his companion. These two individuals seemed perfectly suited to the task. Burton was already known for his bold exploits and, although he had blighted his prospects in the Indian Service by his bluntness, he was not yet the frighteningly controversial figure he was to become. His linguistic abilities and his evident valour and resourcefulness made him an obvious leader.
Speke seemed almost as suitable: he’d joined the army of the East India Company in 1844, where he later served under Field Marshal, Sir Colin Campbell during the First Anglo-Sikh War. He was 29 and had considerable experience in collecting botanical and zoological specimens during his leave in the Himalayas and was also an accomplished surveyor. Although appearing complimentary, the two personalities were in fact utterly incompatible and the violent confrontations between Burton and Speke that followed saw armchair geographers taking bitterly opposed sides.
Other explorers were involved in the debate, including David Livingstone, who died whilst trying to clear up the Burton/Speke Nile controversy; Henry Morton Stanley who found his vocation in Africa; James Augustus Grant who joined Speke's second expedition to Africa; and Samuel Baker because he went to verify Speke's theories.
Burton was an enigmatic character, and had developed a taste for wine, women, fighting, gambling, mysticism, daredevilry and languages. They were the precious tools with which to satisfy his insatiable curiosity about exotic peoples. In India, Burton's rapid mastering of Persian, Afghan, Hindi, Urdu, and Arabic won him the friendship of Sir Charles Napier, the British general and Commander-in-Chief, famous for conquering the Sindh (in present day Pakistan), to whom he rendered superlative service as an intelligence officer. He earned the animosity of his superiors in the East India Company when he told them that they were losing touch with their subjects and made an accurate prediction of the approximate date of The Indian Rebellion of 1857, which began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut.
In 1854 an earlier expedition led by Burton to penetrate central Africa from the Somali coast led to disaster. He was accompanied by Speke and two fellow officers, Lieutenant G.E. Herne and Lieutenant William Stroyan and a number of Africans employed as porters. Shortly after they met on the coast, their party was attacked by a group of Somali warriors. In the ensuing fight, Stroyan was killed and Burton and Speke were both severely wounded. Speke was captured and stabbed several times with spears before he was able to free himself and escape. Burton was impaled with a javelin, the point entering one cheek and exiting the other. This wound left him with a notable scar that can be easily seen on portraits and photographs. He was forced to make his escape with the weapon still transfixed through his head. The expedition was only saved from destruction because a friendly Arab boatman took the survivors back to Aden. Although Burton, in his report to the Royal Geographical Society criticised Speke, he nonetheless annexed Speke's notes on the botany and zoology of the area to his report. Speke felt humiliated and ill-used; their relationship was already an explosive, psychic mixture.
Speke, as fair and charming as Burton was saturnine and sarcastic, was born of a Devon family whose origins went back to the Norman Conquest of 1066. He was a fanatic about personal fitness, dominated by his mother and sisters, awkward in the company of women and had a narcissistic tinge to his make-up. He joined the Army of the East India Company at the age of 17, and his duties took him to the Punjab.
In India Speke had the good fortune to meet James Grant, the Scot who was to play an important role in the future. Grant had been commissioned in the East India Company's Army in 1846, and served during the Anglo-Sikh Wars and Rebellion of 1857. Grant was loyal, obedient, and fully capable of carrying out his duties independently if necessary, but also willing to follow an order to the letter. In this friendship however, Speke was the impetuous leader, while Grant was the cautious, admiring follower.
Despite his blundering during the earlier expedition, Speke was invited by Burton to join his official ‘Great Lakes’ expedition to central Africa in 1856. Burton later said that he took Speke to ‘give him another chance’. Speke was however determined to be associated with the Nile discoveries.
In 1857, the two partners embarked at Bombay and landed at Zanzibar. They made hasty preparations for the march inland from Bagamoyo (in modern Tanzania). With help from the British Consul, Colonel Atkins Hamerton, Burton and Speke assembled their party which included 36 African porters, 10 gun-carrying slaves, four drivers and a posse of Baluchi soldiers to protect them. There was much additional equipment required including ammunition, medicines, stores and an iron boat in seven sections intended to enable them to explore the great lake. As a consequence a second caravan was organised to carry the additional suuplies. On 25 June 1857, the march began.
A forgone conclusion?
In the early stages of the expedition Burton overheard the Hindus telling each other that he would never get as far as Ugogo (not a third of the distance) whereupon they would seize all his belongings; he then had his moment of despair. The caravan proved to be only nominally under the command of its European leaders. The column moved at its own pace; indiscipline was the rule, theft endemic, and desertions began as soon as the men marched from the coast.
Within three weeks they had covered 118 miles with more than 600 ahead of them, both men were already so sick they often had to be carried. Smallpox was rife and the way was well marked by the bones of slaves who had died of this and other diseases. When they finally reached Morogoro they were, said Burton "physically and morally incapacitated". At this point the Baluchi soldiers mutinied and had to be quelled by an emaciated Burton who faced them down with a revolver in his hand.
Throughout the journey, and despite his ill-health, Burton continued his ethnological studies, which were so uncomplimentary to the natives that they are unprintable today. By the time they reached Ugogo, half the supplies intended to last a year had been consumed or stolen. This was very serious because the local tax, called ‘hongo’ payable to chieftains over whose land they passed was rising progressively and had to be paid out of the supplies they carried.
The travellers’ health improved as they reached the savannah country. Tattered and emaciated, the two Englishmen walked into Kazeh on 7 November 1857, Speke was almost blind with opthalmia. There they learned that there was not one but three great lakes or seas: The Sea of Niassa to the south; The Sea of Ujiji (Lake Tanganyika) just ahead, and The Sea of Ukewere (Lake Victoria) to the north. On the morning of 14th December they were in sight of Lake Tanganyika and despite their incapacity and disabilities they attempted to explore the lake in a canoe, much too small a craft for such a large body of water.
The most urgent task was to find what outlets there were from the lake, and thus to decide whether the Nile had its origins here. But they were unable to reach the northern end of the lake. However, the natives assured them that at the northern end there was a river, The Ruzizi, which flowed into and not out of the lake, meaning it could not be the source of the Nile.
Credit where credit is(n't) due
Their position now seemed so desperate that Burton decided to return to Zanzibar with news of the discoveries thus far made. Speke later claimed that he suggested that they should march north from Ujiji, to The Sea of Ukewere but Burton felt unable to do so, even though the relief caravan had arrived. It had been badly plundered en-route and the goods it brought quite insufficient to enable the party to barter its way onwards. Had a further journey been possible, Burton would have discovered that Lake Tanganyika was 400 miles long. As Burton continued with his ethnological investigations Speke was furious by the time being wasted, so he persuaded Burton to permit him to take a small party on a three week trek to the reputed ‘Sea’ to the north.
Speke made a momentous foray northwards, and three weeks later, on 3 August 1858, beheld the huge expanse of The Sea of Ukewere, which he decided in a flash of inspiration was at last the Ptolemaic source of the Nile. He then hurried back to Burton to announce the great discoveries. Burton at first received the information coldly, then whilst acknowledging that Speke had found ‘a’ lake, demanded what possible proof he had that it was in fact ‘the’ lake.
An argument for the ages
And so began an historic quarrel, Speke arguing – without foundation, but accurately – that Lake Victoria was the birthplace of the Nile, and Burton countering that it was Lake Tanganyika. After convalescing, Burton returned to England to find that Speke had already presented his version to Sir Roderick Murchison, the President of Royal Geographical Society.
To Burton's chagrin, the RGS favoured Speke's conclusions, and in 1860 Speke was sent back with James Grant for further exploration. Over the next three years, the two made many discoveries, including the Ripon Falls, where the Nile flows from Lake Victoria. However, they failed to prove Speke's theory because they did not trace the continuous course of the river. The conflicting claims of Burton and Speke resulted in a debate being scheduled at the RGS for 16 September 1864. On the day before the meeting, however, Speke died under mysterious circumstances while shooting partridge on the Neston Park Estate, Corsham in Wiltshire. Although probably accidental, the Burton camp would forever claim suicide.


Skin diseases can be hard to live with, due to their often embarrassing and prominent nature, and psoriasis is probably the most socially challenging for individuals. This autoimmune disease involves the appearance of random, discolored patches on the skin. It has been suggested that celebrity singer-songwriter Michael Jackson was a sufferer because he appeared to have a progressive form of the disease over a period of many years. Thankfully, most sufferers do not go through this, but everyday experiences can still be unpleasant and distressing. The good news about having psoriasis is that there are treatment options available which can help sufferers to overcome the challenges of this disease and live full and happy lives, reaching their social potential.
The most common treatment for psoriasis is the application of a topical agent to the affected skin. The topical agent can take the form of a bath solution or medicated creams and ointments. Topical agents are most effective in mild cases, but can also help those who suffer more severe forms of the disease. Phototherapy is also an option for sufferers, which involves the use of special lamps designed to darker the skin slightly in order to conceal discoloration. The most common and successful type of phototherapy is Psoralen and Ultraviolet 'A' phototherapy (PUVA), which involves a combined treatment of oral or topical administration of psoralen with exposure to ultraviolet 'A' light. In basic terms, the light activates the psoralen, which in turn inhibits the abnormal rate of cell production found in psoriatic skin. However, PUVA treatment does have some adverse side-effects for many patients, including nausea, tiredness, headaches, burning and itching.
In some cases, topical agents and PUVA do not work for the patient. However, this need not be the end of the matter. Usually this kind of disease is also susceptible to timely drug treatments, and there are a range of medications available. One point to note is that these medications are highly-toxic, so regular blood and liver function tests are necessary. It is also important to understand that the medication does not cure psoriasis, it merely suppressing it. If you cease medication, the psoriasis will return.
Finally, most doctors will suggest that sufferers help themselves by adopting a healthy lifestyle, with a balanced diet, a proper work-life balance and regular vigor exercise. It is believed that stress, alcohol, smoking, and fatty foods can exacerbate symptoms, so by taking steps to cut these out, sufferers are helping to control their psoriasis. Some doctors may even suggest patients to join groups that have the same problem for the person to have a strong support system.
Tips and comments
Although psoriasis is, sadly, a lifelong condition with no cure, it can be seen from the above that there are many options available for sufferers that allow them to live successfully with the condition. The same principle applies to other skin diseases. Medical science has found numerous ways to help people in these circumstances and so there is no reason why anyone should limit themselves due to what they may feel is an embarrassing skin disease, but which is in fact eminently treatable, and sometime even curable.
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Welcome everyone! Everyone has a different life. Nobody, really, has a perfect life but we must try our best to live a positive one. We must allow the positive thoughts into our minds and shut out the negative ones. We must keep a good attitude and try to see a good side to things. Most of all, we must always remember the secret to a positive life… gratitude! Gratitude will help you in your relationships with family and friends, your health, and everything you do. People will appreciate you more if you appreciate them and if you have a good attitude towards things. If you stay relaxed and happy, your body will function better as stress greatly affects health. Be grateful for the healthy parts of your body and you will relax so much more. If you are grateful towards things and keep good thoughts in your mind, you will see good things more and more. Our mind is very powerful and we are in control. We choose how we react and we choose our thoughts. Choosing to be happy and grateful for the things we have is so much better than being grumpy and angry so why not choose those good thoughts and feelings? Yes, bad things happen in our lives and it is not good to keep our anger bottled up but we can choose to accept things the way they are and move on with our lives.
Would you like to know some activities to help you practice gratitude? Here they are:
- Write a list of the things that you are grateful for. Your list can have as many things as you like and you can write as many lists as you like! You can write them every day, every week, or whenever you’re feeling down and need to cheer up. It’s completely up to you!
- Think of 3 things that you are grateful for every day and focus on each one for a little while thinking about why you are grateful for them. You could do this in the morning when you wake up or before you go to bed at night.
- Let the people who you are grateful for know that you are and maybe even tell them why! It will make both you and the other person feel great!
- Say thank you often!
Here’s a list of the things that I am most grateful for in no specific order. I just started writing my list and kept writing as things popped into my mind which is what you can do as well when you write gratitude lists. Here we go:
- My family
- My pets
- My ancestors
- My friends
- Music – My ability to play the piano and the flute
- Literature and writing
- A warm and safe home
- My health and all of the things that are helping me to stay healthy
- My mind
- My country
- Attending university


Controversy rages over fire policy in Linville Gorge, which was the first designated Federal Wilderness in the East with the passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964. Currently, the policy is to suppress any fires that threaten manmade structures, but to allow lower-intensity lightning-strike fires to burn. The latest management plan proposes prescribed burns in the Gorge to promote pines and rare plants and to reduce fuel loads. Homeowners in the Gingercake Acres development, perched on the eastern rim of the Gorge, understandably worry about risk to their homes. Advocacy organizations like Save the Linville Gorge Wilderness argue that fire destroys the wild character of the landscape. Skeptics scoff that the Forest Service maintains only an illusion of control over something as unpredictable and powerful as fire. Continue Reading Stephanie B. Jeffries: Free the Phoenix: Fire and Rebirth in Linville Gorge
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Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
The Ohio canal opened in 1827. The intent was to connect with other waterways to form a passageway from the Great Lakes to the Chesapeake Bay.
One of the first to see the benefits of connecting the Potomac to the Ohio River was George Washington, who in 1785 chartered the Patowmack Company to extend the navigability of the Potomac further North. In the beginning of the 19th century, the C&O canal was created. Work began in Georgetown July 4th 1828, the same day work began on the B&O. By 1850 the canal had only reached Cumberland, when it was decided to not go farther. Its importance was heightened during the Civil War when it supplied Washington with much needed coal. In the 1880's the B&O railroad took over the canal's operations. A disastrous flood closed the canal in 1924. In 1938 the federal government purchased the land, intending to build a parkway into DC on it. Public support, led by Justice William Douglas, favored leaving the land as it was. The roadway was not built and in 1971 it was named a National Historic park. Today the C&O canal is the least altered canal left from the great western expansion age of the United States.
Length: 184.5 miles,
and 1 tunnel
Cost: $11 million
Monocacy Aqueduct: length-500ft. 7 arches
See also Top Ten Historic Canals
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While doing a research on residential schooling in Canada, I came across this website. It’s an educational website on “healing the legacy of the residential schools”. It’s divided into the following 6 section:
- Blackboard: You can experience an interactive history of residential schools in Canada
- Map: You can travel through the map and timeline to visit schools and explore the history of residential schools in Canada
- Bookcase: You can select textbooks, the dictionary and teacher’s guide. This section is beneficial to SS and history teachers.
- School: You can explore Mohawk Institute Residential School in 3D. This will help you visualize what the RS was like back in time.
- Projector: You can listen to the RS survivors and their lives before, during, and after residential schools.
- Exhibit: This section is a photo gallery.
I discovered some information on residential schools in Canada from this website and used it for my final project.


Populist Movement The Populist movement of the late nineteenth century was largely due to the discontentment of rural America. Neither the Republicans nor the Democrats addressed the rural distress sufficiently enough to encourage the farmers of the West and South to join their party. If the strangling grip of the railroads and manufacturers was to be broken, many felt that a new party was necessary. As a result, a convention was held in Omaha, Nebraska in February 1892. Many members of the powerful farmers’ alliances were present, and the name “populist” (from the Latin populus, meaning people) stuck after being borrowed from a state political organization in Kansas. The free coinage of silver struck many Populists as a cure-all, due to the agrarian cry for inflation. William Hope Harvey’s, Coin’s Financial School, and numerous other pamphlets by fiery prophets helped to trumpet the Populist cause. The Populist convention nominated a truly national ticket, with James B. Weaver of Iowa, a former Greenback candidate and Union general, for president and James G. Field of Virginia, a former Confederate general, for vice president. The Populists ran a surprisingly successful campaign in 1892, polling more than one million popular votes and winning several congressional seats. The panic of 1839 and the severe ensuing depression strengthened the Populists’ argument, and resulted in many republican and democratic political allies. Of all of the marchers protesting their plight, the most famous marcher was Jacob S. Coxey, who although rallied quite a group, ended up being arrested for walking on the grass in Washington DC. The long-suffering farmers and depression-plagued laborers played a decisive role in the election of 1896. However with the Democratic majority appropriating the populists’ main plank, the bulk of them, fearing a hard-money McKinley victory, fused with the democrats and therefore lost their identity. With the dep…
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Jim keeps all his ties in a drawer.
He has 7 yellow, 10 blue, 9 red, 20 green and 3 purple colored ties.
He does not sort and keep them.
There is a power outage and Jim needs 2 ties of the same color.
Since he cannot see which color he is picking up from the drawer, how many ties does Jim have to take to be sure that he has at least 2 ties of the same color?