|About the Book|
It matters that children gain, through teacher guidance, the social-emotional skills they need to succeed and participate civilly in modern, democratic society. It matters to them—and to all of us.
Today's early childhood educators are looking for education models for the twenty-first century—models that tap into each child's full learning potential and educate all children toward active participation in democracy. Tracing the historical roots of progressive education, and using anecdotes and case studies, Dan Gartrell argues that best practices in early childhood education, which include family-teacher partnerships, developmentally appropriate curriculum and assessment, and guidance, provide the framework for what the new education model for all levels of schooling should be: educating children for civil participation in society.
Through the use of guidance, Gartrell explains, teachers empower children to progress toward the five democratic life skills. These skills give young children the tools they need to function intelligently and ethically amidst the complexity and diversity of modern human life—and to ensure and sustain civil society into the next century.
|About the Author|
Dan Gartrell started his career in education as a teacher at an inner-city elementary school in Ohio and later taught in the Head Start program of the Red Lake Band of Ojibwe in Minnesota. He holds a doctorate in teacher education/early childhood and is Professor Emeritus of Early Childhood and Foundations Education at Bemidji State University in Minnesota. As former director of Bemidji’s Child Development Training Program, a CDA trainer, and a student teaching supervisor, he has helped scores of students start their journey to becoming excellent educators.
Once introduced at a conference as “the guidance guy,”
Dan has spoken extensively on using guidance with young
children and related topics. He writes the Guidance Matters
column in NAEYC’s journal, Young Children, and has contributed several additional articles to the journal. The sixth edition of his textbook on guidance, A Guidance Approach for the
Encouraging Classroom, will be forthcoming in 2013. Dan has also written The Power of Guidance: Teaching Social-Emotional Skills to Young Children and What the Kids Said Today.
Dan and his wife, Dr. Julie Jochum, live in Minnesota. The 11 grandchildren in their blended family know Dan as the grandpa who tells friendly jokes and makes pretty good “papadanpancakes” (the secret is strawberry yogurt in the batter). He enjoys nature photography and being outdoors in the north woods and on the lake near Bemidji, Minnesota.
"In this volume, respected guidance expert Dan Gartrell takes on a societal challenge that is absolutely critical today: promoting civility. He makes the case that starting in early childhood is crucial. With his thoughtfulness and depth of experience, store of delightful anecdotes, and engaging and comfortable style, Dan puts civility in the context of best early childhood practices and shows us how to foster it in our classrooms.”
— Carol Copple, coeditor of Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8
“Children learning that ‘I am angry’ trumps ‘You dumb butthead’ is more than humor and anecdote in Dan Gartrell’s book. This is a trip through history, neuroscience, guidance, and examination of what education should be—self-respect together with mutual respect. A must-read for educators, teacher educators, and future educators alike.”
— Karen Cairone, Devereux Center for Resilient Children


Toggle: English / Spanish
Chancroid is a bacterial infection that is spread through sexual contact.
Soft chancre; Ulcus molle; Sexually transmitted disease – chancroid; STD - chancroid; Sexually transmitted infection – chancroid; STI - chancroid
Chancroid is caused by a bacteria called Haemophilus ducreyi.
The infection is found in many parts of the world, such as Africa and southwest Asia. Very few people are diagnosed in the United States each year with this infection. Most people in the United States who are diagnosed with chancroid have traveled outside the country to areas where the infection is more common.
Within 1 day to 2 weeks after becoming infected, a person will get a small bump on the genitals. The bump becomes an ulcer within a day after it first appears. The ulcer:
- Ranges in size from 1/8 inch to 2 inches in diameter
- Is painful
- Is soft
- Has sharply defined borders
- Has a base that is covered with a gray or yellowish-gray material
- Has a base that bleeds easily if it is banged or scraped
About half of infected men have only a single ulcer. Women often have 4 or more ulcers. The ulcers appear in specific locations.
Common locations in men are:
- Groove behind the head of the penis
- Shaft of the penis
- Head of the penis
- Opening of the penis
In women, the most common location for ulcers is the outer lips of the vagina (labia majora). "Kissing ulcers" may develop. Kissing ulcers are those that occur on opposite surfaces of the labia.
Other areas, such as the inner vagina lips (labia minora), the area between the genitals and the anus (perineal area), and the inner thighs may also be involved. The most common symptoms in women are pain with urination and intercourse.
The ulcer may look like the sore of primary syphilis (chancre).
About half of the people who are infected with a chancroid develop enlarged lymph nodes in the groin.
In half of people who have swelling of the groin lymph nodes, the nodes break through the skin and cause draining
. The and abscesses are also called buboes.
Exams and Tests
The health care provider diagnoses chancroid by looking at the ulcer(s), checking for swollen lymph nodes and testing (ruling out) for other sexually-transmitted diseases. There is no blood test for chancroid.
The infection is treated with antibiotics including ceftriaxone, and azithromycin. Large lymph node swellings need to be drained, either with a needle or local surgery.
Chancroid can get better on its own. Some people have months of painful ulcers and draining. Antibiotic treatment often clears up the lesions quickly with very little scarring.
Complications include urethral
and scars on the foreskin of the in uncircumcised males. People with chancroid should also be checked for other sexually transmitted infections, including , , and .
In people with HIV, chancroid may take much longer to heal.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call for an appointment with your provider if:
- You have symptoms of chancroid
- You have had sexual contact with a person who you know has a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
- You have engaged in high-risk sexual practices
Chancroid is spread by sexual contact with an infected person. Avoiding all forms of sexual activity is the only absolute way to prevent a sexually transmitted disease.
may reduce your risk. The proper use of condoms, either the or type, greatly decreases the risk of catching a sexually transmitted disease. You need to wear the condom from the beginning to the end of each sexual activity.
Mookerjee AL, Newell GC. Chancroid. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, Coulson I, eds. Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:chap 40.
Murphy TF. Haemophilus species including H. influenzae and H. ducreyi (chancroid). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Mandell GL, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:chap 227.
- Last reviewed on 9/10/2015
- Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2013 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


Tate Britain, Level 2 Galleries
12 February – 2 June 2013
Open daily 10.00–18.00
Artists across the centuries have depicted the landscape around them in a multitude of ways, from detailed close ups of nature to distant views framed by trees or soaring bird’s-eye perspectives. In early 2013 Tate Britain presents Looking at the View, a new BP British Art display exploring the ways British artists have framed the view in their work from J.M.W. Turner and William Hodges to Tracey Emin and Julian Opie. The display will reveal apparently unconnected artists have looked at the landscape in surprisingly similar ways, and raise questions about how much art influences the way we all see our surroundings.
Looking at the View will span 300 years of British art from the golden age of Romantic landscape painting right through to Land Art and contemporary artists’ use of photography and film. It will group artists from different periods according to a common motif whether a horizon line or a winding path. By juxtaposing work across time the display will highlight unexpected affinities between works by artists as various as Lucian Freud and Victorian agricultural painter Thomas Weaver or contemporary artist film-maker Tacita Dean and Pre-Raphaelite painter John Brett.
The display will offer an insight into the ways artists compose images, orientate the viewer and lead the eye. Richard Long’s photograph of a path trodden through a field guides the viewer’s gaze much like Romantic painter John Crome’s painting of Norwich in 1818. Tracey Emin’s photograph of herself in a wild landscape casually reading in an armchair echoes the ease with which Joseph Wright of Derby’s sitter lounges among the foliage in a painting of 1781. Shared visual languages which transcend different periods, movements and media are revealed.
Pairings of historical and contemporary art works in the display sometimes highlight changing social or political conditions. An idyllic painting by Sir William Nicholson from 1917 of a patchwork of English fields from on high at first resonates with contemporary artist Carol Rhodes’s aerial view painting Airport, until the viewer notices the urbanisation in the later work. Eighteenth century artist William Hodges uses a lone tree in the foreground to anchor our view in his depiction of India’s Rajmahal Hills, which reverberates with a similar motif two hundred years later in Paul Graham’s photograph of County Tyrone, except this time the tree flies a Union Jack flag, offering a glimpse of troubled politics.
Looking at the View will offer a visual journey through striking landscape works. Highlights include iconic works such as Gilbert & George’s The Nature of our Looking 1970, Patrick Caulfield’s After Lunch 1975 and John Nash’s The Cornfield 1918. This thematic display is part of the BP British Art Displays, curated by Penelope Curtis, Director, Tate Britain and Tim Batchelor, Assistant Curator 1550– 1750, British Art. Admission is free.
BP’s support for UK Arts & Culture
BP has supported arts and culture in the UK for over 30 years and currently focuses its support on long-term partnerships with four world class institutions; The British Museum, The National Portrait Gallery, The Royal Opera House and Tate Britain. More than 3 million people across the UK engaged with BP supported activity in 2011.
As a premier Partner of the Cultural Olympiad and London 2012 Festival, BP helped deliver several programmes and events that inspired young people and provided opportunities for everyone across the UK to be part of the London 2012 Festival. These included: the World Shakespeare Festival and Shakespeare: staging the world exhibition with the British Museum and Royal Shakespeare Company; BP Portrait Award: Next Generation with the National Portrait Gallery; The Olympic Journey: The Story of the Games with the Royal Opera House and The Olympic Museum; BP Summer Big Screens Metamorphosis: Titian 2012 and Falstaff with the Royal Opera House; and The Tate Movie Project with Tate, Legacy Trust UK and the BBC.


Training for System Change: Sample Menu
All Circles of Safety trainings are adaptable for any youth-serving program. It is vital to understand the personal environment of the organization. Every training includes planning and customization through use of leadership meetings, focus groups, and program policy and practice reviews. This is a highly hands-on and personalized training experience. Contact us at training [at] stopitnow.org for pricing and more information.
Circles of Safety: Awareness to Action
(8 hour/full day training)
This one day training can be given alone or as a prerequisite for Circles of Safety for Youth-Serving Program Leadership and for a TOT series, providing programs with the skills and tools to facilitate two ongoing community workshops on sexual abuse prevention skills and planning. Circles of Safety: Awareness to Action enhances participants’ awareness of sexual abuse as well as builds the confidence and comfort level to better address children’s sexual safety in programs and organizations.
- Define the scope and impact of sex abuse
- Reflect on professional educators' and caregivers' role in prevention
- Describe key steps of prevention
- Understand safety planning as a prevention tool
- Enhance understanding of healthy sexuality information and support as a prevention tool
- Learn strategies to respond to early signs of sexual problem behaviors and abuse
- Develop courage, comfort and communication tools to talk about sexuality
Circles of Safety: Creating a Culture of Prevention for Youth-Serving Organizations
(16 hour/2 day training)
Creating a Culture of Prevention is recommended for organizations and groups who serve youth. It is two day training, combining Awareness to Action with guidance and activities to support organizational change to a culture of prevention, which includes action planning to best identify and initiate organization-generated activities to include safety planning in organizations activities and environment. From direct service professionals to program directors, this training takes participants through Stop It Now!’s Key Steps for Prevention while building skills and tools to further plan and act protectively and preventatively.
- Begin the shift to a culture of prevention
- Increase ability to use information to create safer conditions for children.
- Identify tools to help assess and plan
- Increase ability to enact and sustain prevention policies and practices.
- Identify opportunities for action
Circles of Safety: Train the Trainer
(8 hour/full day training)
Offers community and youth-serving organizations the training and tools they need to present two prevention training modules, Circles of Safety: Speaking Up to Keep Children Safe and Circles of Safety: Recognizing and Responding to Children’s Sexual Behaviors to their professional community. Circles of Safety: Awareness to Action is a prerequisite. Participating organizations will receive two power point curriculums, along with trainer handbooks and presentation materials to offer two modules, adapted into 2 hour presentations and become certified for 3 years to train. Organization will be allowed use of the brand name, “Stop It Now!” when offering these modules.
Optional Add-ons and Additional Services
- Online adaptation of training modules
- Consulting and technical assistance to review, plan and integrate prevention planning
- Follow up educational and supportive booster session(s)
- Branded materials
- Expanded evaluation
- Expert consultation and review: materials, programming, curriculums
- Community and audience specific abridged workshops


Many people with ADHD use alternative treatments, sometimes in conjunction with conventional medications and sometimes without. While results from research on alternative treatments have been mixed, many people have experienced relief from various ADHD symptoms through their usage.
This is true for instance of dietary changes and supplementation of natural products like essential fatty acids, herbal preparations like gingko biloba and American ginseng, and trace element supplementation like zinc, iron and acetyl-L-carnitine.
Activities like yoga and massage, and time spent outside in nature have resulted in improvement of ADHD symptoms for some.
"To be most effective, the integrative management of ADHD should be individualized, taking into account the specific causes of the syndrome in each patient, including genetic factors, perinatal insults or toxic exposure, food sensitivities, and social factors. Stimulant and nonstimulant medications are often beneficial and are well tolerated for a significant percentage of children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD. When stimulants are ineffective, poorly tolerated, or refused by the patient (or the patient’s parents), validated EEG biofeedback protocols—including SMR training for primarily hyperactive-type ADHD and theta suppression for primarily inattentive-type ADHD—are reasonable alternatives."


28 October 2020 – 16:00
By Shahmar Hajiyev
The South Caucasus is one of the most important and critical regions in the world. Conflicts there pose threats to security and stability both in the region and beyond. The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan has lasted for almost 30 years and it represents the key challenge for the full economic integration of the region.
The recent tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan became even worse when Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan called into question the “Madrid Principles,” upsetting the delicate balance by publicly raising doubts about the current framework of negotiations.
On July 12, 2020, even before the current hostilities, Armenia attacked Azerbaijan’s Tovuz region, on the Armenian-Azerbaijani border far from Nagorno-Karabakh. Artillery fire caused the death of several civilians and high-ranking military officials. The Tovuz attack threatened important energy and infrastructure projects such as the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) and Baku–Supsa oil pipelines, the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC), and the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railroad.
In early October, Armenian missile batteries had attacked Ganja, Azerbaijan’s second-largest city, and the principal one lying in the “Ganja Gap,” through which Caspian oil and gas resources pass on their way to international energy markets. Spectacularly, the head of the local Armenian administration in Nagorno-Karabakh, Arayik Harutyunyan, publicly acknowledged that he had personally ordered attacks on military facilities in the city, although the rocket bombardment fell nowhere near them and instead fell into civilian areas.
Reflecting the opinion of influential Armenian political and military circles, Arman Babajanyan, an Armenian politician, wrote in early October that “Armenian armed forces must continue to target Azerbaijan’s multimillion-dollar Western projects, infrastructure, gas pipelines and oil pipelines in their attacks.” The next attack on critical energy infrastructure occurred on October 6, 2020, in Azerbaijan’s Yevlakh region when a rocket fired from the Armenian side landed within 10 metres of the BTC pipeline.
The BTC oil export pipeline ushered in a new era of economic development. It allowed Azerbaijan to export its oil to global energy markets, relying on Georgia and Turkey. This project has been instrumental in developing and strengthening the so-called East-West corridor for energy, transport, and telecommunications. Azerbaijan’s oil production increased after the BTC pipeline entered into service in June 2006, giving the country new access to international energy markets.
From a geopolitical standpoint, the BTC pipeline was the first project connecting the South Caucasus with Europe, demonstrating also the integration of Azerbaijan and Georgia into Europe. This pipeline contributed to the economic, political, and energy security of all the parties involved.
Many Western companies have huge investments in the region. Armenia’s military activities threaten their energy infrastructure, which are exporting Caspian oil and gas to the global energy markets. Ganja and Yevlakh are close to this strategic energy infrastructure, which connects Azerbaijan energy pipelines to Europe via Georgia and Turkey.
Pipelines are difficult military objectives, however, because they are buried underground and Azerbaijan has advanced air defence systems. However, if Armenia should manage to damage critical infrastructure, then it would not only interrupt the gas and oil supplies to Azerbaijan’s energy partners, affecting their interests as well, but it would also create environmental problems.
It is particularly concerning that these attacks occur just when the first gas from the Caspian Sea region will be supplied to European energy consumers via the Trans-Adriatic Pipeline (TAP). Any reckless actions by the Armenian leadership will directly threaten EU energy security, likely creating even more problems for Armenia itself.
Energy revenues are important for Azerbaijan, but its economy is strong enough to resist such challenges. Azerbaijan is an important net gas producer and exporter, and is seeking to enhance this profile further by deepening its energy relations with Western partners. Many parties are invested in Azerbaijan’s energy sector, and they are not interested in further hostilities in the region.
The South Caucasus Pipeline (SCP), the Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP), and the TAP are all significant geopolitically. Azerbaijan also has an important role in the Turkish domestic gas market, where its share has gradually increased. In March 2020, this proportion reached 23.45 percent of Turkey’s gas imports. Israeli-Azerbaijani energy cooperation has likewise become very important for Israel’s energy security. Azerbaijan supplies nearly half of Israel’s oil demand via the BTC pipeline.
It follows naturally that Azerbaijan supports regional economic development in the South Caucasus as well as inter-regional projects. It is unfortunate that Armenia has isolated itself from participation in such projects. The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict harms the future development and security of the region. The conflict is a real challenge not only for the security of the South Caucasus but also for the Caspian basin.
Azerbaijan has the economic wherewithal to develop its energy infrastructure and economy. If for any reason there are serious challenges for the national economy as a result of the present situation (or any future one), then the country can access Azerbaijan’s sovereign wealth fund for economic help. Azerbaijan’s sovereign wealth fund also plays important role in the strategic currency reserves of the country.
Notwithstanding the current troubles, Azerbaijan remains capable of pursuing its current energy strategy, including capital investment in energy development. Its geographical position and availability of its own energy resources have enabled it to become an energy and infrastructure hub, exporting Central Asian and Caspian Sea region energy resources to Western energy markets. The country will remain an important and reliable energy player in the Caspian Sea region.


Dentures / False Teeth
What are Dentures?
When a person is missing all or just some of their teeth, we will create a set of false teeth to replace those that are missing or that have reached a point where the tooth is damages / decayed beyond repair. In today’s more modern society, less and less people need full sets of dentures. This is in thanks to a much better oral hygiene system and more regular dental checkups. A set of dentures makes your smile look perfect again.
Why do you need Dentures?
Both young and old can lose teeth due to accidents, gum disease, tooth erosion or tooth decay. Dentures or false teeth replace the missing teeth, allowing the person to have a normal or even improved appearance, eat normally and live unaffected by the tooth loss.
Below are some the possible treatments available. Each treatment has its benefits and are more suitable for certain cases over others, it is important that you come in and speak to us so we can recommend the best treatment possible for you.
- Complete dentures are made from a base constructed of plastic that is designed to imitate the look of gums and the gum tissue.
- The false teeth, called dentures, are made to look like real teeth.
- They are made of porcelain or very sturdy plastic.
- Partial dentures are similar in construction to full dentures, but with a few small changes.
- Partial dentures have a metal or high-grade plastic framework that holds only the number of teeth being replaced.
- Sometimes partial dentures can be a temporary fix if further dental procedures are deemed necessary.
- The dentist will begin by taking a series of moulds of the area of the mouth that is meant to hold the dentures.
- Once the patient’s mouth has been molded into the shape needed for the dentures, the dentist will construct the dentures based on the model.
- The complete denture option is made to formulate a snug seal with the gums.
- They can be fixed to the gum line by attaching the false teeth into special implants that must be surgically implanted in the bone structure of the gum line.
- Or, they may be held in place by close adherence to the gum line.
- The dentist makes certain that the dentures look aesthetically attractive, and that the fit is nice and uniform.
Benefits to Dentures
There are many benefits to deciding to use Dentures:
- Full and partial dentures simulate the look of real teeth and make the patient look younger.
- They can be removable for cleaning and quite durable.
- Dentures support facial muscles and structures, and decrease oral bone loss. Dentures have also been shown to improve self-esteem in patients.
- Dentures are a cost-effective treatment option, particularly when more natural teeth are present.
Possible Side effects to Dentures
- Patient must return periodically over the course of a month to ensure proper fit and alignment.
- The patient may experience oral sores or irritation in the mouth while adjusting to wearing the denture.
- Some patients have difficulty pronouncing certain words while wearing the denture.
- The life expectancy of an average denture is about 5-8 years, after which a replacement is needed.
Did you know
Implants are very successful, but they are not suitable for everybody. You must have enough bone to place the implant into for example. Implants are quite expensive, but where they can be used, they are often the ideal solution to replacing missing teeth.
Percentage of adults with 21 or more natural teeth
Percent of adults between 65-74 years old have no natural teeth.
(WHO | Oral health)
Contact us Today!
Are you looking for more information regarding Dentures, then simply fill in the form below, and we will contact you as soon as possible. Alternatively, you can call us on 01 2014180


Pi can be said as one of the mathematical calculations that are very well-known to human beings. Many civilizations had their own style of calculations for a particular apparent stream number which does not have any patterns on it.
The origin of pi was from the Egyptians and also they named it pi in 1650 BC with the calculation of (4/3) ^4 which is approximately 3.1604. Even the Babylonians calculated pi in a different mode which is (25/8) which is more than .50% of the normal pi value from the Egyptians.
Then the first calculation of pi in the fraction mode was done by the Greeks with the value of (22/7).
Then, since Persians are the greatest enemy of the Greeks, and found their pi value in a different way. That is (3*2) ^18 sides. With the help of this polygon, they found 2 pi is approximately 6.28318 where 1 pi is 3.14159.
The symbol of the pi is represented as ?. This symbol was first represented by William Jones, a Welsh mathematician during the year 1706. The symbol ? has become a most important symbol that is used in physics as well as in mathematical constants. Do even several formulas include? the symbol in engineering, science, etc. ? can be said as an irrational number where it can’t be expressed with fraction digits.
For example, if x/y are two fractional numbers where x and y are called integers. The decimal representation of the result has no end and it can be calculated with no end. It can also be said as a transcended number which means that the numbers with no sequence of expressions like square root, powers, sums, etc.
This ? was a late achievement in mathematics history and was found only during the 19th century. There were loads of efforts on determining the value of pi more accurately as well as acceptable criteria in all parts of the world.
Even in the United States of America, pi day is been celebrated on March 14th each year and they are been followed in all schools by celebrating with pi symbol dish plates as well as a decimal symbol expression appearing on it.
To make it more special, Kate Bush released an album related to? on November 7th, 2005 with the beginning word of “3.14” in the song. The album’s name is Aerial.


Bullying includes behaviors that are dedicated to making another person feel inadequate, or concentrate on shaming somebody else. Bullying is quite a vital matter, clearly. School bullying are available throughout elementaryschool, center school, and higher college in the States. There are many suggestions on the best way to help always check or discontinue cyberbullying. Conclusion Cyber bullying has turned into a growing problem among kids and teens. There are different incidences or incidents also. The results of intimidation is fast altering our very lives. Low-level anxiety might be crucial to force individuals to behave. The emotional and mental pain gets only too much.
Merely consider the hurting somebody is in to have a look at expiring over some thing. In medicine, when he grown affliction, doctors try and discover its root trigger. You’re a great person! It is simply about one individual using communication technologies as an approach to damage someone else. Compromise, the more straightforward of both conflict decision tools, is frequently encouraged as the most practical method to receive along and enhance relationships. In either case communication should happen to discover where the battle is. Each may be helpful in different states.
In conclusion, if you are requested a question about yourself, remember to do not simply speak about your self. Therefore, answer the questions that you simply recognize well, first. If there’s any issue out of training, you simply attend it. Should youn’t know reply don’t compose. Presently, our school systems have a number of schemes to manage disciplinary activities. You just need to mention those sources which are connected to your exact subject of study. As you study the rest of the guidebook we probably know the same sum of info about it only at that period.
The web site is known as Remind101. Web supplies plenty of chance for children to expand their capabilities. Occasionally a simple email may suffice. Students need certainly to be educated. Have they privately pick a pseudonym that they will utilize for every one of their homework. The pupils should be aware of that not finishing their work is unsatisfactory and they are going to get to observe the manager. Above all, he must know that his or her college family treatment and want only the best for him or her !! The troubled pupil should to have a arsenal with her or his abuddya.
It really is unbelievable how many students will try and find methods to get from a class if the class isn’t holding their attention or if there’s some form of conflict within the room. Occasionally, teachers only need to stop. Obviously, college service essays wasnot all about play. If your youngster’s school doesn’t have such application you need to insist that such programs be executed. That it is less challenging to get children to hear than you could have thought and when you have executed this small strategy in your home, your house lifestyle may be more agreeable for each of you forever. Possibly it makes me feel better to earn enjoyment of different women and men. You also, are adored so cease hurting distinct individuals because you might be hurting or as you think its harmless enjoyment at the cost of the individual you are damaging.


Over Presidents Day weekend, what more appropriately should be a celebration of George Washington’s birthday, The New York Times published the results of a survey of “politics experts” who ranked American presidents from greatest to worst.
The poll relied on “170 members of the American Political Science Association’s Presidents and Executive Politics section.”
Their list puts President Donald Trump, who has been in office for only about a year, in dead last place.
Barack Obama sits at eighth place, with Abraham Lincoln atop the standings.
Trump took over the last slot from James Buchanan, who preceded Lincoln in office and made many egregious missteps before the Civil War.
Among the other oddities on this list is William Henry Harrison at third to last. Harrison spent only about a month in office because he contracted pneumonia and died after delivering his record-long inaugural address in the rain. It is strange to list him as a “bad” president when he really had no record at all.
Other leaders have mysteriously shifted in rank since the survey last was conducted in 2014.
Andrew Jackson dropped six slots to 15th place and Ulysses S. Grant rose from 28th to 21st place. What changed?
Trump’s rating carries on the recent trend of historians and political scientists, a fairly liberal demographic, assessing any Republican currently in the White House as the “worst in history.”
So the news that Trump did poorly in a poll of presidential “experts” is hardly shocking. But it is revealing, and shows a distinct lack of historical perspective from people who should know better.
Or, at least, one would think they’d know better, but some survey responses may cast doubt on that too.
When asked which presidents should be the next to be placed on Mount Rushmore, five of these so-called politics experts listed Lincoln, Washington, and Theodore Roosevelt, whose visages are all already carved into Mount Rushmore.
3% of the *presidential scholars* in this survey said Washington, Lincoln or TR should be the next presidents on Mount Rushmore (despite them already being on Mount Rushmore) pic.twitter.com/jwF1yRKiG6
— Aaron Blake (@AaronBlake) February 20, 2018
Apart from this shocking cluelessness, it would be fair to call into question any serious assessment of a presidency during its first few years. Even immediately after a president leaves office it’s difficult to assess if he succeeded or failed.
As Richard Lim, host of a podcast on American presidents, noted in The Daily Signal, judging a president’s accomplishments of lack thereof in the heat of the moment is, for the most part, folly.
“Almost everyone has strong opinions on Trump that, in some way, bias our evaluations of him,” Lim wrote. “History offers a cautionary tale—especially to the scoffers in Washington—that our initial assessments of presidents could be wrong and that future generations could see them very differently.”
As Lim explained, assessments of presidents often have swung wildly over the years. At one time, Dwight Eisenhower was dismissed as an unintelligent, “do nothing” president, but further examination of his abilities behind the scenes and a cooling of partisan ardor raised his standing considerably.
Even Bush, who so frequently found himself in the very bottom rung of surveys, has steadily climbed in the rankings.
Apart from this inability to fairly judge recent presidents, it may be right to question anyone’s capacity to objectively rank them. Yet, such lists have almost become a cottage industry.
Historian Arthur Schlesinger Sr. first released a poll on presidents in 1948, and at least it more fairly excluded those who had died early on in their term of office, like the aforementioned Harrison and James Garfield.
Since then, the wave of similar surveys more likely reflected the politics of those casting their votes than the abilities of our presidents.
As historian Alvin Felzenberg wrote in his book assessing presidents, “The Leaders We Deserved”: “[T]he popularization of Schlesinger-style surveys … freed journalists, political commentators, museum curators, and students of all ages from having to offer evidence in support of their opinions.”
Felzenberg concluded that these surveys are simply clouded by the bias of the rankers, regardless of their qualifications.
Average Americans often diverge greatly from the putative experts in presidential surveys, and who is to say they are wrong?
The truth is, we shouldn’t put much stock in such surveys that rank the presidents. While there is no doubt that some men have filled the office more ably than others, our evaluation of their time in office is highly dependent on the traits that we personally respect, admire, or find valuable.


Definition of bicycle in English:
- One difference is that a bus has many wheels whereas a bicycle has only two wheels.
- I would be only too pleased to have bicycles passing my front door rather than noisy, speeding vehicles.
- An 11 year old boy fell off his bicycle and sustained a handlebar injury to his upper abdomen.
verb[no object, with adverbial of direction] Back to top
- All of these articles have one main point in common; don't let back pain keep you from bicycling.
- They are not only functional for bicycling, but for any activity where you are going to work up a sweat.
- The best moment is when he is bicycling around his airy grounds on an old-fashioned push-bike, his knees bobbing up and down as he pedals, and then has to brake to answer a call on his mobile phone.
The velocipede (literally ‘rapid foot’) was the early form of bicycle, which is formed from bi- ‘two’ and Greek kuklos ‘wheel’. The abbreviation bike was not long to follow, in the late 19th century. A tricycle as a name for a three-wheeled coach drawn by two horses, dates from the 1820s, with the abbreviation trike appearing in the 1880s. Unicycle, from uni- ‘one’, was first recorded in the US in the 1860s.
- Example sentences
- What else can the average bicyclist do to support bicycling infrastructure?
- The invention of variable gearing enabled bicyclists and cars alike to change the speed of peak efficiency.
- As a bicyclist, I am familiar with the handlebar tape used on racing bicycles, and I thought it might be useful to provide a better grip on my downtubes.
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Notes: Plate Tectonics
Theory of Plate Tectonics: The Earth’s crust is divided into pieces and those pieces are in constant motion.
1. The continents look like puzzle pieces that could be put together.
2. Identical fossils of extinct herds and identical rock outcrops are found on both sides of the ocean.
3. Earthquakes and volcanic activity almost all seem to happen along specific lines in the earths crust.
4. Magnetic Reversals in the Earths Crust: Mafic igneous rock as it cools has a high iron content and the iron atoms will align themselves with the earth’s magnetic field as it cools. Spreading out from the ridges of the ocean are mirrored patterns of the earth’s magnetic field reversals.
Lithosphere: Crust plus the top cooler part of the upper mantle. The top part of the lithosphere is brittle the bottom part is fairly rigid but bends and flexes under immense force.
Asthenosphere: Between the lithosphere and the mantle the asthenosphere is a thin liquid layer that allows plates to flow on it.
Oceanic Crust: underneath the sea floor, is thin, and made of high density rocks (basalt and gabbro)
Continental Crust: under the continents, is thicker and less dense allowing it to float higher on the mantle, and made of low density rocks like granite.
Theories for why Plates Move:
Convection: The idea that head rises and cool sinks. So the deeper rocks in the mantle are rising cooling and then falling. And while they do this they create a force that pulls the plates around.
Doesn’t work because of all the random ways the continents seem to be moving.
Gravitational Sliding: (ridge-push force) The mid oceanic ridges are raised portions of the crust. As new crust forms at the top they begin to slide downward and push the plate in front of them.
If this theory is correct it would mean that sea floor spreading causes plate tectonics.
Slab-Pull force: A denser plate will fall under (subduct) a less dense plate. A sinking piece of oceanic crust will work like an anchor and pull the rest of the plate along with it.
Speed of a Tectonic Plate:
1-15 cm per year
global positioning system (GPS) is now used to track the motion of the plates.
Earthquake Belts: Plate boundaries are located by the mapping of earthquake foci (the spot where the earthquake originates.
Plate Interiors: regions away from the plate boundaries, remain relatively earthquake free.
Divergent Plate Boundaries: Where two plates are moving apart
Sea Floor Spreading: where two oceanic plates move apart
mid-oceanic ridge: where the divergent boundary has risen about 2 km above the ocean floor in long straight lines.
new ocean floor is created right at the boundary between the two separating plates.
As the plates spread apart a gap does not form, instead hot asthenosphere rises (magma) to fill the gap. Cools and forms new oceanic crust.
As the new crust moves away it will cool more and become more dense and sink lower. You can actually tell the age of the ocean floor by how deep it is, the older it is the denser it is the deeper it sinks.
symmetrical: the eastern side of a ridge will look just like the western side since they formed at the same time.
fracture zones: often a ridge will slide perpendicular to it direction (jog left or job right). This is where earthquakes have occurred along the ridge.
Convergent Plate Boundaries: Where two plates are colliding head on.
Oceanic vs. Oceanic: The older denser plate will subduct under the younger lighter plate.
Subduction: oceanic lithosphere, once it has aged at least 10 million years, is denser than the asthenosphere so it sinks back into the mantle.
Deep Ocean Trench: Created where the older plate subducts under the younger one.
Earthquakes: Created where the two plates are rubbing together.
Volcanoes: Created over the spot where the subducting plate melts.
Oceanic vs. Continental: The oceanic plate subducts under the Continental plate.
Deep Ocean Trench: off the edge of the continent.
Volcanoes: For on the continent over the place where the oceanic plate begins to melt.
Continental vs. Continental: Two continental crusts crash together. Since neither can subduct they grind up on top of each other forming mountains.
Where two plates are rubbing sideways against each other.


Agency says the practice is key to healthy forests strategy
By Marcy Stamper
The Methow Valley Ranger District wrapped up its spring prescribed burning about one month ago, but that hasn’t extinguished the debate over the effectiveness and health impacts of these forest treatments.
After years of fire suppression, the U.S. Forest Service has been using prescribed burning as part of its dry-forest restoration strategy since the mid-1990s, according to Meg Trebon, assistant fire management officer for fuels with the Methow Valley Ranger District.
For decades before that, prescribed burning had been used primarily to eliminate piles of slash left over from commercial logging, at least since the early 1960s, said Trebon.
Along with understory thinning and removal of ladder fuels, prescribed burning is intended to restore forests, which have grown dense with small trees and ground vegetation, to ecological balance. “It’s very critical to keep using that tool to create the effects wildfire used to, by scorching lower branches and thinning trees,” said Trebon.
“We live in a fire-adapted — or fire-prone — landscape,” said Susan Prichard, a research scientist and fire ecologist with the University of Washington based in the Methow Valley. “The shrub-steppe and dry forests rely on fire. Plants and animals are adapted.”
“We’re comfortable with the idea of a watershed, but we also need to think in terms of a fireshed, and that brings smoke,” said Prichard. That smoke could come in the spring or fall from prescribed burning or it could be a wildfire outside our backdoor, she said.
Prichard has studied Ponderosa pines that are hundreds of years old with burn scars that show the trees have survived minor burns every five to 25 years. The scars grow around part of the tree to protect it and can be counted like tree rings.
Although efforts to extinguish all fires began after the catastrophic and deadly fires of the 1910s, the Forest Service and other agencies didn’t really get good at it until the 1940s, when they began using aircraft developed in World War II to reach remote locations, said Prichard.
Many wildfire factors
Other factors also contributed to variations in the frequency and severity of wildfires. After the native peoples were displaced in the late 1800s, widespread grazing reduced shrubs that carried surface fires, said Prichard. On the other hand, some of these shrubs were replaced with cheat grass, which dries out early in the season and becomes a fire hazard.
“It’s such a convoluted story. There are so many factors that led to where we are today,” said Prichard. The climate was cooler and moister through the mid-1980s, meaning there were fewer fires here and they were easier to put out because they were less severe. “But climate change is real and scary,” she said.
In her research after the 2006 Tripod Fire, Prichard compared forests that were only thinned with forests that were thinned followed by prescribed burning. She also looked at forests with no treatment or intervention.
Three years after that fire, Prichard found that more than 57 percent of trees in units that had been thinned and treated with prescribed burns had survived, compared to 19 percent where there was only thinning and 14 percent in the untreated units. She also found that even in small treated areas — under 20 acres — the severity of the fire was reduced.
Dale Swedberg, manager of the Okanogan Lands Operations and Prescribed Burn Program for the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), has been advocating for increased use of prescribed fire for more than 10 years. Swedberg uses prescribed fire when possible to manage four wildlife areas in Okanogan County.
Swedberg has photos that show how the Okanogan Complex Fire stopped abruptly when it reached areas that had been treated with prescribed fire on WDFW lands, where one side is green and open and the other a forest of charred trunks.
Historical use of fire
The Forest Service looks at forests from an ecological and environmental standpoint, to assess how fire would have burned through an area in the past versus today. “We’re very interested in resilience,” said Trebon.
Native people’s oral traditions describe their use of fire. When they left their summer hunting grounds, they would light the valley on fire because burning was essential to create more-open forests for hunting and gathering, said Prichard.
“It’s an encouraging story — previous inhabitants were pretty fire-adapted. They lived with it and used it,” said Prichard. But our contemporary lifestyle is different — our properties stay in one place and we don’t want them to burn, she said. Prichard believes we can change the characteristics of those forests to make wildfires less severe.
When Swedberg founded the North Central Washington Prescribed Fire Council 10 years ago, he had a similar conviction. “Society needs to learn and accept that fire is an integral component of the ecosystem and habitat. Society needs to learn to live with fire,” he told a Congressional subcommittee.
Swedberg is frustrated that many people still don’t understand the ecological role of fire. Still, he hailed the support of state Rep. Joel Kretz (R-Wauconda), who has become an active proponent of prescribed fire.
Kretz co-sponsored legislation that passed this year with nearly unanimous support that creates a pilot project to test forest-resiliency burning. The project includes some exemptions from state air-quality standards and provides $850,000 to the Department of Natural Resources for more monitoring of effects on air quality, with a report to the Legislature in 2018.
Swedberg hopes the new legislation will change the timing for approvals so that burning can be done earlier in the day when smoke can be better controlled.
Although smoke from prescribed fire may be more predictable than smoke from wildfires, it still has a serious impact on health. Some local residents have to leave the area when burns are scheduled, and people with serious respiratory conditions have had to move.
“When we put smoke in the air, we look for the best ventilation conditions possible so we have the least impact” on air quality, said Trebon. She acknowledged that mechanical issues and weather caused smoke from prescribed burns to linger in the valley on more than one occasion this spring.
Because of her work with the Methow Valley Clean Air Project, Raleigh Bowden gets calls from people with health concerns such as asthma or other respiratory conditions who are affected by smoke from prescribed burning. Bowden started wondering if there might be other strategies for reducing the amount of fuel in the forest.
Christopher James, who works with Bowden on the clean air project, distinguished between prescribed burning to reduce the risk of wildfire with burning slash piles left over from logging. Prescribed burning is usually short-term, whereas slash piles can smolder from incomplete combustion, creating particularly unhealthy air, said James.
“From a public health perspective, I know what’s in the smoke. It can affect even healthy people,” said James, who worked as an air-quality regulator for the state of Connecticut for 25 years and is now based in the Methow Valley, where he works with a nonprofit that helps governments improve air quality.
James speculated about creating more markets for slash and wood chips. He also proposed including the cost of slash disposal in commercial logging contracts so that it isn’t simply burned.
James talked last month with an official at the state Department of Ecology about potential mechanisms that would encourage the Forest Service to include environmentally friendly methods of slash disposal in their forest plans.
In addition to creating healthier forests that are able to weather wildfire, doing thinning and prescribed burning provides areas where firefighters can safely fight a fire. “I know from personal experience as a firefighter that these treatment areas are really useful in creating suppression opportunities,” said Trebon.
Trebon listed half-a-dozen large fires in and around the Methow Valley, from the Farewell Fire in 2003 through the Twisp River Fire last summer, where prescribed burns created safe areas and anchors for firefighters.
“I’m not looking to fireproof the forest, but to build resilience in an appropriate manner, specifically reducing wildfire hazards,” said Trebon.
“It’s a huge educational thing. People need to understand that prescribed burning needs to be done to burn these areas in a controlled fashion. When there is a wildfire — because there will be a wildfire — it makes it less severe and safer for firefighters and the public,” said Swedberg.
“It’s fundamental, basic ecosystem restoration,” he said. “You can tell I’m pretty passionate about this.”


Internal Pipe Inspection
Definition - What does Internal Pipe Inspection mean?
An internal pipe inspection is an analysis of the interior of a pipe to determine the interior level of corrosion or other issues present inside.
If a pipe is large enough for a person to enter, a direct, visual inspection is used. If the pipe is not large enough for a person to enter and inspect directly, the inspection is conducted by remote viewing.
An internal inspection is also the inspection of the interior of a water-based fire suppression piping system, either visually or remotely, every five years.
Trenchlesspedia explains Internal Pipe Inspection
Internal pipe inspections are conducted as the need arises during trenchless construction.
For fire suppression systems, internal inspections are mandated every five years for fire suppression sprinkler systems by the National Fire Protection Association Standard NFPA 25. This means every organization that has a sprinkler system must have an internal pipe inspection every five years.
Inspections are conducted visually. Direct viewing may mean walking through the pipe or using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), a robot with cameras specially designed for pipe inspections.


Even after years of development and improved literacy, India still continues to face socio-economic challenges in education. The economic disparity in India is the cause leading to inequality in education. The colonial period gave us a well-established school system which was a luxury and neglected the backward classes. Post-independence the main challenges were eliminating gender disparity and making education more accessible to all classes. There have been deliberations and policies being made to counter the challenges. The government policy regarding girl child education has made significant changes. Free and compulsory primary education was added as a fundamental right under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution in 2002 which came as a relief for marginal communities. However, the importance of education was still restricted to reading and writing the name in order to get done with minimal paperwork which the marginalized class will ever face. There was a paradigm shift when the reservation policy of 25% for the marginalized communities was introduced in the private schools under Right to education through a Supreme Court judgment in 2012. These policies have definitely been a positive initiative but still lack at some points in bridging the gap between education and socio-economic conditions in the society. Even if the children from various backgrounds get a seat in highly reputed schools, they fail to cope-up with the rising demands of everyday school activities and dealing with studies as their parents being uneducated are unable to contribute to their studies. Also, accessibility is a major problem due to poor economic conditions. Recently all the educational institutions were shut for months due to the virus-induced pandemic which has adversely affected the educational system in India. In this situation, all the education went online and technology came in handy which became another barrier to education. The marginalized community was unable to attend online classes because of being stuck in remote areas with poor network quality due to lockdown. There were families who could not even afford smartphones and internet services. Therefore this has been a lesson for all of us and we still have a long way to go. We must realize the importance of technology and the reach of education to all classes.
Written by- Anchal Singh


The Qibya massacre, also known as the Qibya incident, occurred during "Operation Shoshana", a reprisal operation that occurred in October 1953 when Israeli troops under Ariel Sharon attacked the village of Qibya in the West Bank. At least sixty-nine Palestinian villagers were killed, two-thirds of them women and children. Forty-five houses, a school, and a mosque were destroyed. The attack followed cross-border raids from the Jordanian occupied West Bank and Israeli reprisals, in particular, the attack on Qibya was a response to the Yehud attack in which an Israeli woman and her two children were murdered in their home.
The act was condemned by the U.S. State Department, the UN Security Council, and by Jewish communities worldwide. The State Department described the raid as "shocking", and used the occasion to confirm publicly that economic aid to Israel had been suspended previously, for other non-compliance regarding the 1949 Armistice Agreements.
The operation was codenamed Operation Shoshana by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). It was carried out by two Israeli units at night: a paratroop company and Unit 101, a special forces unit of the IDF.
The attack took place in the context of border clashes between Israel and neighbouring states, which had begun almost immediately after the signing of the 1949 Armistice Agreements. Along the 1949 armistice line, infiltrations, armed or otherwise, were frequent from both sides. Many infiltrations from Jordanian territory in the West Bank consisted of unarmed Palestinian refugees attempting to rejoin their families. During 1948–49, most of the infiltrators crossed the borders to harvest crops left behind, to plant new crops in their abandoned lands, or to retrieve goods. Many others came to resettle in their old villages or elsewhere inside Israel, or to visit relatives, or simply to get a glimpse of their abandoned homes and fields. During the following years the vast majority came to steal crops, irrigation pipes, farm animals, or other property belonging to settlers, or to graze their flocks. Some engaged in smuggling goods or mail—certain items, such as Bedouin clothing, were often unavailable in Israel, and there were no postal services between Israel and the Arab states. Others moved through Israeli territory in order to reach other Arab countries, most frequently from the Gaza Strip to the West Bank. Most of the infiltrators were unarmed individuals, though it appears that the proportion who came armed and in groups steadily increased after 1950.
Half of Jordan's prison population at the time consisted of people arrested for attempting to return to, or illegally enter, Israeli territory, but the number of complaints filed by Israel over infiltrations from the West Bank show a considerable reduction, from 233 in the first nine months of 1952, to 172 for the same period in 1953, immediately before the attack. This marked reduction was in good part the result of increased Jordanian efficiency in patrolling. Between June 1949 and the end of 1952, a total of 57 Israelis, mostly civilians, were killed by Palestinian infiltrators from the Jordanian West Bank. The Israeli death toll for the first nine months of 1953 was 32. Over roughly the same time (November 1950 – November 1953), the Mixed Armistice Commission condemned Israeli raids 44 times. For the same period, 1949–1953, Jordan maintained that it alone suffered 629 killed and injured from Israeli incursions and cross-border bombings. UN sources for the period, based on the documentation at General Bennike's disposal (prepared by Commander E H Hutchison USNR), lower both estimates[clarification needed]
Over the year leading up to the raid, Israeli forces and civilians had conducted many punitive expeditions, causing destruction of infrastructure and crops and many civilian casualties against Palestinian villages, with Latrun, Falameh, Rantis, Qalqiliya, Khirbet al-Deir, Khirbet Rasm Nofal, Khirbet Beit Emin, Qatanna, Wadi Fukin, Idhna, and Surif being the most notable examples. Meanwhile, Palestinian guerilla raids into Israel continued. Over a two-week period in late May and early June, four raids by Palestinian fedayeen killed 3 and wounded 6 people in Israel, at Beit Arif, Beit Nabala, Tirat Yehuda and Kfar Hess which, according to the UN, greatly concerned both the Israeli and Jordanian governments.
The specific incident which the Israeli government used to justify the assault on Qibya occurred on 12 October 1953, when a Jewish woman, Suzanne Kinyas, and her two children were killed by a grenade thrown into their house in the Israeli town of Yehud, some 10 kilometers (6 mi) inside of the Green Line. The attack initially drew a sharp rebuke to Jordan from the Mixed Armistice Commission. The Israeli government immediately claimed that the murders were perpetrated by Palestinian infiltrators, a charge queried by Jordanian officials, who were skeptical, and who offered to collaborate with Israel in order to apprehend the guilty parties, whoever and wherever they were. Moshe Sharett said later that "the Commander of the Jordan Legion, Glubb Pasha, had asked for police bloodhounds to cross over from Israel to track down the Yahud attackers". On the other hand, some weeks later, while assisting a United Nations and Jordanian team following the tracks of the person(s) who on 1 November had blown up a water-line in Jordanian territory supplying the Arab quarter of Jerusalem, tracks that led to the Scopus fence, the Israeli inspector delegated to the team denied them permission to enter the Jewish area around Mount Scopus and prosecute their investigation. For the first time, Israel accepted Jordan's offer of assistance and the tracks of the perpetrator were traced to a point 1400m over the border, to a road near Rantis, but dried up there. The United Nations observer team's investigation failed to find any evidence indicating who committed the crime, and the Jordanian delegate to the Mixed Commission condemned the act in strong language on 14 October. The Chief of Staff of the Arab Legion in Amman flew to Jerusalem to ask that no retaliatory actions take place that might compromise Jordanian investigations underway on their side of the border.
Force had to be used to demonstrate to the Arabs that Israel was in the Middle East to stay, Ben Gurion believed, and to that end he felt strongly that his retaliatory policy had to be continued.
Defense Minister Pinhas Lavon gave the order, in coordination with Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion. The Israeli elected governing cabinet was not informed, and though Foreign Affairs Minister Moshe Sharett was privy to prior deliberations on whether or not such a punitive raid ought to be conducted, he expressed strong disapproval of the proposal, and was deeply shocked when informed of the outcome.
According to the Mixed Armistice Commission report, approved on the afternoon immediately following the operation, and delivered by Major General Vagn Bennike to the UN Security Council, the raid at Qibya took place on the evening of 14 October 1953 at around 9.30 pm, and was taken by roughly half a battalion strength of soldiers from the Israeli regular army. Later sources state the force consisted of 130 IDF troops of whom a third came from Unit 101. The American chairman of the Mixed Armistice Commission in his report to the UN Security Council estimated that between 250 and 300 Israeli soldiers were involved in the attack.
The attack began with a mortar barrage on the village until Israeli forces reached the outskirts of the village. Israeli troops employed Bangalore torpedoes to breach the barbed-wire fences surrounding the village, and mined roads to prevent Jordanian forces from intervening. At the same time at least 25 mortar shells were fired into the neighbouring village of Budrus. The Israeli troops simultaneously entered the village from three sides. IDF soldiers encountered resistance from soldiers and village guards, and in the gunbattle that followed, 10–12 soldiers and guards defending the village were killed and an Israeli soldier was lightly wounded. The soldiers did not thoroughly inspect the homes in the village for the presence of residents, and when military engineers dynamited dozens of buildings across the village, scores of civilians were killed. At dawn, the operation was considered complete, and the Israelis returned home.
Ariel Sharon, who led the attack, later wrote in his diary that he had received orders to inflict heavy damage on the Arab Legion forces in Qibya: 'The orders were utterly clear: Qibya was to be an example for everyone'. Original documents of the time showed that Sharon personally ordered his troops to achieve "maximal killing and damage to property", and post-operational reports speak of breaking into houses and clearing them with grenades and shooting. Sharon then later said that he had "thought the houses were empty" and that the unit had checked all houses before detonating the explosives. In his autobiography Warrior (1987) Sharon wrote:
I couldn't believe my ears. As I went back over each step of the operation, I began to understand what must have happened. For years Israeli reprisal raids had never succeeded in doing more than blowing up a few outlying buildings, if that. Expecting the same, some Arab families must have stayed in their houses rather than running away. In those big stone houses [...] some could easily have hidden in the cellars and back rooms, keeping quiet when the paratroopers went in to check and yell out a warning. The result was this tragedy that had happened.
UN observers noted that they observed bodies near doorways, and bullet marks on the doors of demolished houses, and later concluded that residents may have been forced to stay in their homes due to heavy fire.
An emergency meeting of the Mixed Armistice Commission (MAC) was held in the afternoon of 15 October and a resolution condemning the regular Israel army for its attack on Qibya, as a breach of article III, paragraph 2,62/ of the Israel-Jordan General Armistice Agreement was adopted by a majority vote.
The attack was universally condemned by the international community. The U.S. State Department issued a bulletin on 18 October 1953, expressing its "deepest sympathy for the families of those who lost their lives" in Qibya as well as the conviction that those responsible "should be brought to account and that effective measures should be taken to prevent such incidents in the future." The State Department described the raid as "shocking", and used the occasion to confirm publicly that economic aid to Israel had been previously suspended. The aid, as Israel had been informed on 18 September, had been "deferred" until Israel saw fit to cooperate with the United Nations in the Demilitarized Zone, in relation to its ongoing water diversion work near Bnot Ya'akov Bridge; that site had been chosen as the original location for the intake of Israel's National Water Carrier, but it would be moved downstream to the Sea of Galilee at Eshed Kinrot, following this US pressure.
The UN Security Council subsequently adopted Resolution 100 on 27 October 1953. On 24 November, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 101 and expressed the "strongest possible censure of this action".
The international outcry caused by the operation required a formal reply by Israel. Intense discussions took place, and Moshe Sharett summed up, in his diary on 16 October, the opinion that:
Now the army wants to know how we (the Foreign Ministry) are going to explain the issue. In a joint meeting of army and foreign ministry officials Shmuel Bendor suggested that we say that the army had no part in the operation, but that the inhabitants of the border villages, infuriated by previous incidents and seeking revenge, operated on their own. Such a version will make us appear ridiculous: any child would say that this was a military operation. (16 October 1953)
Notwithstanding Sharett's advice that broadcasting this version would make Israel appear patently "ridiculous", on 19 October Ben-Gurion publicly asserted that the raid had been carried out by Israeli civilians.
None deplores it more than the Government of Israel, if ... innocent blood was spilled ... The Government of Israel rejects with all vigor the absurd and fantastic allegation that 600 men of the IDF took part in the action ... We have carried out a searching investigation and it is clear beyond doubt that not a single army unit was absent from its base on the night of the attack on Qibya. (Statement by Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion, ISA FM 2435/5)
On Israeli Radio that same day, Ben-Gurion addressed the nation, repeating the accusation that the massacre had been perpetrated by Israeli civilians:
The [Jewish] border settlers in Israel, mostly refugees, people from Arab countries and survivors from the Nazi concentration camps, have, for years, been the target of (...) murderous attacks and had shown a great restraint. Rightfully, they have demanded that their government protect their lives and the Israeli government gave them weapons and trained them to protect themselves. But the armed forces from Transjordan did not stop their criminal acts, until [the people in] some of the border settlements lost their patience and after the murder of a mother and her two children in Yahud, they attacked, last week, the village of Kibya across the border, that was one of the main centers of the murderers' gangs. Every one of us regrets and suffers when blood is shed anywhere and nobody regrets more than the Israeli government the fact that innocent people were killed in the retaliation act in Kibya. But all the responsibility rests with the government of Transjordan that for many years tolerated and thus encouraged attacks of murder and robbery by armed powers in its country against the citizens of Israel.
Israeli historian Avi Shlaim observed that the official Israeli version was not believed, and it did nothing to reduce the damage to Israel's image. "This was not Ben-Gurion's first lie for what he saw as the good of his country, nor was it to be the last, but it was one of the most blatant."
Following the attack, the Arab Legion forces deployed on the border segment near Qibya to stop further infiltrations and deter further Israeli incursions. There was a brief overall reduction in incursions along the border.
After this incident, Israel restricted attacks on civilian targets. Despite the U.S. request that those involved be brought to account, Sharon was not prosecuted. The independence of Unit 101 was cancelled and several weeks later it was dismantled altogether.
Defense Minister Pinhas Lavon's words to the GS in July 1954 were, "Guys, you have to understand [that] there can be the greatest and most successful military operation, and it will turn into a political failure, meaning eventually a military failure as well. I'll give a simple example: Qibya."
- List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967
- Israeli casualties of war
- Palestinian casualties of war
- List of massacres in the Palestinian territories
- Ze'ev Schiff, Israel Army Lexicon
- The 1953 Qibya Raid Revisited: Excerpts from Moshe Sharett's Diaries
- Ganin, Zvi (2005), An Uneasy Relationship: American Jewish Leadership And Israel, 1948–1957, Syracuse University Press, p. 191, ISBN 9780815630517
- Shlaim, Avi (1999). The Iron Wall. Norton. p. 91. ISBN 0-393-04816-0.
- Benny Morris, Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War, Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 258–9.
- Byman, Daniel (2011). A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism. Oxford University Press. p. 22. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- Avi Shlaim (2001). The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 91. ISBN 0-393-32112-6.
The Qibya massacre unleashed against Israel a storm of international protest of unprecedented severity in the country's short history.
- Benny Morris (1999). Righteous Victims. First Vintage Books. pp. 469–470. ISBN 0-679-42120-3. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- "S/635/Rev.1". United Nations Security Council. 9 November 1953.
- Which Came First- Terrorism or Occupation – Major Arab Terrorist Attacks against Israelis Prior to the 1967 Six-Day War
- Commander E H Hutchison USNR "Violent Truce: A Military Observer Looks at the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1951–1955” Chapter XI A Survey of the Whole Conflict p. 90-100
- "S/636/Rev.1". United Nations Security Council. 16 November 1953.
- "S/PV.630". United Nations Security Council. 27 October 1953.
- Jerusalem Post, 31 October 1965)
- Commander E H Hutchison USNR "Violent Truce: A Military Observer Looks at the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1951–1955” (Acting Chairman of the HJKIMAC), Appendix B
- Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall, pp 90–93
- Donald Neff, Warriors at Suez: Eisenhower Takes America into the Middle East. The Linden Press/Simon & Schuster. New York, 1981, pp. 48–50):
- In Sharett's diary we read: (1)'I told Lavon that this [attack] will be a grave error, and recalled, citing various precedents, that it was never proved that reprisal actions serve their declared purpose. Lavon smiled ... and kept to his own idea.... Ben Gurion, he said, didn't share my view.' (14 October 1953, p.37) (2) 'I must underline that when I opposed the action I didn't even remotely suspect such a bloodbath. I thought that I was opposing one of those actions which have become a routine in the past. Had I even remotely suspected that such a massacre was to be held, I would have raised real hell. (16 October 1953, p. 44)' cited Livia Rokach, Israel's Sacred Terrorism, AAUG Press, Belmont, Massachusetts, 3rd ed.1986.
- Morris, Benny (1993) Israel's Border Wars, 1949 – 1956. Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-827850-0. Page 246.
- Hutchinson, E.H. (1958) Violent Truce: A Military Observer Looks at The Arab-Israeli Conflict 1951–1955 Devin-Adair Co. New York. Page 161.
- Ariel Sharon – Biography: 1953 Retribution Acts (Pe'ulot Tagmul) Archived 27 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- Benny Morris, Israel's Border Wars, ibid. pp. 257–276. esp. pp.249,262
- The Department of State issued a statement Archived 9 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine on 18 October 1953 (Department of State Bulletin, 26 October 1953, p. 552).
- New York Times, 19 October 1953, 1:5, cited in, Stephen Green, Taking Sides: America's Secret Relations with a Militant Israel, p.87
- Stephen Green, Taking Sides: America's Secret Relations with a Militant Israel. p.80
- Sosland, Jeffrey (2007) Cooperating Rivals: The Riparian Politics of the Jordan River Basin SUNY Press, ISBN 0-7914-7201-9 p 70
- Livia Rokach, Israel's Sacred Terrorism, ibid.
- As reported by Davar 20 October 1953, and translated by Livia Rokach in Israel's Sacred Terrorism, ibid. APPENDIX 1
- Avi Shlaim (2001). The Iron Wall - Israel and the Arab World (Updated edition 2014). Penguin Books. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-141-03322-8.
- Uri Avnery Biography Archived 3 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- Benny Morris, Righteous Victims, A history of the Zionist-Arab Conflict 1881–2001, First Vintage books, 2001. p.279. "After Qibya the IDF switched from civilian to military targets. Arab civilian casualties declined markedly, reducing Western condemnation of "indiscriminate" Israeli reprisals. But the sorties increased in size and firepower: Many more troops and guns were needed to conquer a well-fortified military camp or police fort than to overrun a village."
- Gil-li Vardia (2008). "'Pounding Their Feet': Israeli Military Culture as Reflected in Early IDF Combat History". Journal of Strategic Studies. 31 (2): 295–324. doi:10.1080/01402390801940476.


Friends of Northern Virginia's only national wildlife refuge brought items for a stainless steel time capsule to be opened in 2103, when they gathered at the refuge's headquarters as part of the national centennial celebration of the National Wildlife Refuge System.
Almost 200 items went into the capsule at the ceremony March 11 — a Girl Scout pin, a Gunston Hall paperweight, a gun club arm patch, Virginia's hunting and fishing regulations, maps and photographs of the area, a Virginia Bluebird Society button and local newspapers, including The Mount Vernon Gazette.
The Potomac River National Wildlife Refuge Complex, on Occoquan Bay in southern Fairfax and northern Prince William counties, is a three-part, 3,200-acre protected area made up of Mason Neck, Occoquan Bay and Featherstone refuges.
National refuge officials rolled in on the "Blue Goose Express," a bus named after the system's symbol. Northeast chief Tony Leger said that the Potomac refuges provide a unique opportunity close to the seat of the federal government to show dignitaries the importance of refuges and their local partnerships. He cited the coordination of programs with the planned Virginia Science Museum to be located next door.
"This is a premier site that we should preserve for antiquity," said U.S. Rep. Tom Davis (R-11th), "so that 100 years from now our grandchildren can enjoy it." Davis cited intense development pressures in suburban Washington that compete for the region's few, remaining open spaces.
OF THE THREE REFUGES in the complex, Mason Neck is the oldest and largest, at 2,277 acres. It was established to protect bald eagles that nest, feed and roost in its woods, marshes and on the river's edge. Occoquan Bay, created in 1998 by combining the previous Marumsco refuge and the former Harry Diamond Army Laboratory, has 640 acres of grasslands, marshes and shrub-forest areas. Featherstone is a 325-acre marsh and riverine habitat not open to the public.
Virginia Sen. Linda "Toddy" Puller (D-36th), sent a representative and wrote, "These wildlife refuges are vital to providing habitat for wildlife, protecting threatened and endangered species, and offering educational and recreational activities for thousands of Americans."
The events were part of national activities marking the 1903 start of the refuge system by President Theodore Roosevelt at Pelican Island, Fla. Managed by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the nation's 540 refuges are devoted to conservation, providing habitat for animals and plants, including over 250 threatened or endangered species, in over 95-million acres of lands and waters.


Iguanas living in Marineland Mallorca are specimens donated and welcomed by us. They are one of the most feared tree lizards in Central and South America. Do not be fooled by their size because they can move very quickly between the plants and they are excellent climbers.
Did you know that iguanas are herbivorous animals? This means the feeding of these animals is based on vegetables and calcium-rich leaves.
Including species from dangerous boa constrictors to colourful corn snakes, these animals put the most tropical and dangerous atmosphere to our facilities. In recent years, there have been several births of boa constrictors in Marineland. These animals have a half-meter length at birth, but when they are adults, they can reach up to four meters.
One of the busiest spaces in the tropical house is the area of the marmosets. They are very charismatic little primates. Their diet is based on fruits and leaves, and even flowers, nectar or the insects that populate their trees. In Marineland Mallorca, there are two different species of titis: common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and tufted-ear marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi).
Amphibians are the most primitive vertebrate animals. They are characterized by having bare skin, without hair or scales. In the park’s terrariums, you can find the colourful poisonous frogs, used as deadly poison in hunting.
At the end of the tour of the tropical house, there is a space dedicated to Ferrerets, small amphibians which are endemic to the Balearic Islands. This species was discovered in a fossil state in 1978 and later in 1980 the first living specimens were found. Mallorca is the only place in the world where this species lives.
According to scientists, Ferrerets had a wide distribution throughout the island, but the arrival of human beings and wildlife, which was introduced, have profoundly altered the living conditions of this kind of animals. We have reached a point where only a very small number have survived. For this reason, for 28 years, Ferrerets have been the subject of a recovery plan promoted by the Balearic Government, to ensure their survival and to increase their number. Currently, more than a thousand animals being born in our facilities have been released in their natural habitat of Tramuntana Mountains.


(Best months for growing Onion in Canada - Zone 3a Temperate Short Summer regions)
S = Plant undercover in seed trays T = Plant out (transplant) seedlings
Onions come in a range of colours and shapes and sizes. Brown :- strong flavour and pungent. Usually good keepers for storage. White :- milder but still flavoursome. Keep fairly well. Red :- Mild, suitable to use raw in salads and sandwiches. The seedlings should be allowed to gain a bit of strength before planting out - usually 4 to 6 weeks will be enough. When they are big enough to handle, you can plant out. They start off looking like blades of grass.
They don't have to be in a greenhouse (though that would be ideal), any sheltered spot will do. The idea is to guard against rapid changes of temperature, especially at night.
Onions can be bought as young plants (sets or seedlings) from garden shops/nurseries to plant straight into garden beds. Choose your variety according to your climate and the time of year as some onions will grow better in the cooler months .
Onion bulbs should sit on the surface of the soil. Do not cover. They will take six to eight months to mature. Onions are ready when the tops start to dry and fall over. Pull them and leave to dry for a few days. Store in a cool, dry airy place. Use a net bag or make a string by weaving the tops together.
Brown onions roasted whole with other vegetables are delicious.
Red onions add colour to salads or stir-fry.
This planting guide is a general reference intended for home gardeners. We recommend that you take into account your local conditions in making planting decisions. Gardenate is not a farming or commercial advisory service. For specific advice, please contact your local plant suppliers, gardening groups, or agricultural department.
The information on this site is presented in good faith, but we take no responsibility as to the accuracy of the information provided.
We cannot help if you are overrun by giant slugs.


Spring has now officially arrived, with the start of the meteorological spring. We enjoyed record temperatures in the last week of February, with Spring flora and fauna emerging much earlier than usual. Unbelievably last year at this time we were still firmly in winter’s icy grip with the impact of the “beast from the east”!
The days are getting longer as the Spring Equinox approaches on 20th March – when the Sun is directly over the Equator and day and night are of equal length.
Farmers will start to put their over-wintered livestock back outdoors, and the heartening sight of new-born spring lambs will once again be a joy to behold out in the fields.
A few signs of spring life can be detected now if you look closely for them, including Snowdrops in flower for example. Soon the yellow spring flowers will be emerging, from Daffodils to Dandelions as well as the buttercup-like Lesser Celandine lighting up woodland floors. Hedgerows and scrub are also starting to come back to life, to be covered by the attractive white flowers of Blackthorn which emerge on bare twigs prior to the leaves.
Some insects will shortly re-appear on the wing also, such as Bumblebee queens scouting for nesting sites as well as the charismatic large Bee Fly (a bee mimic), remarkable for its unfeasibly long proboscis!
Bird activity and song is noticeably ramping up, with male birds declaring their territories and pairing up with mates, especially during the increasingly noisy cacophony of the dawn chorus. Our resident birds’ numbers are significantly boosted by the progressive appearance of summer migrants from more southern climes, one of the earliest arrivals being the Chiff-Chaff whose distinctive two-tone song is heralded as a sound of spring.
The most wildlife activity this month is to be found in ponds however, where there have already been instances of Frogs spawning although the subsequent freeze will have put an end to this. When the weather warms up there will be lots more gelatinous clumps of Frog and (later) Toad spawn, together with the writhing bodies of multiple adults whose sole focus is to mate! The tiny tadpoles within the eggs hatch after about a month to form a wriggling mass within the water.Lastly this month is most famous for its “Mad March” Hares, whose leaping and ‘boxing’ antics you may be lucky enough to witness upon the arable fields of the South Downs, as the females fend off the amorous attentions of enthusiastic males.


Just say ‘no’: How to avoid peer pressure
With the teen years come more independence — but so much freedom can leave room for students to be pressured into doing what they normally wouldn’t. Dr. Philip R. Herschman, the chief clinical officer for CRC Health Group, the country’s largest provider of addiction treatment, teaches us how you can help your teen avoid those types of situations.
Start before college
“It all starts before that young adult moves into college. [If] that child is raised with a good value system and has learned how to make decisions through a normal maturational process, good parenting will instill a good value system. A good value system will lead to good decision-making.”
Plan for the situation
“I have children, and when they move to a college setting I’ll talk to them about it prior to them getting in that setting and say, ‘These are the kinds of things that you might be faced with. If you are, how would you respond? Let’s think about it now and plan for it so that when it happens, it’s much easier to deal with.’”
Have them offer alternatives
“[They can] say, ‘It’s just not something I want to do, but I’d love to go to a movie with you later’ or ‘I’m sorry, drinking is not something I want to do. I’m happy to be your designated driver and go out and have fun with you.’ ”
Teach them to be firm
“That’s why practicing ahead of time is helpful. [Tell them] you’ve got to be clear. You’ve got to look somebody in the eye and say, ‘No.’”
“Don’t [have your kids] tell them they’re bad for drinking. That will end relationships.”
Talk about safe dating
“[A] first date shouldn’t be, ‘Let’s meet at his house for dinner’ but ‘Let’s go have dinner in a public place.’ You have to know somebody before you put yourself in a situation where it’s difficult to exit.”
“At some point, you’ve got to trust your kids to make the right decisions. You can’t sit on their shoulders the whole time.”
Help stop your child from smoking
Worried about your child becoming a smoker? Visit www.realparentsrealanswers.com for an e-book offering insight as to why kids smoke (stress plays a big part) and what you as a parent can do to stop the habit from starting. The website also features podcasts and webinars for parents.


LNG Bunkering Market Overview
Growing adoption of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a bunker fuel and technological advancements in ship-to-ship LNG bunkering are the key trends witnessed in the LNG bunkering market. LNG produces lower sulfur content and greenhouse gas emissions than traditionally used maritime fuels, such as heavy fuel oil, marine diesel fuel, and marine gas fuel.
LNG bunkering is the practice of providing LNG fuel to ships for their consumption. Many laws by international organizations and governments are focusing on encouraging the adoption of LNG as a marine fuel, which, in turn, is supporting the growth of the LNG bunkering market, globally.
In the report, the LNG bunkering market is segmented on the basis of end user and region. Based on end user, the market is classified into tanker fleet; container fleet; bulk and general cargo fleet; and ferries and offshore support vehicles. The category of ferries and offshore vehicles accounted for a significant share in the market during the historical period on account of the relative ease of supplying LNG to these vehicles and their favorability as a means of marine transportation.
Based on region, the market is categorized into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. Historically, Europe accounted for a significant share in the global LNG bunkering market. This can be attributed to the early adoption of LNG as a marine fuel and the presence of emission control areas (ECAs) in the region.
In addition, European countries are framing stringent environmental regulations for reducing air pollution, which, in turn, is expected to encourage the adoption of LNG as a marine fuel in the region. North America is also a prominent market for LNG bunkering. The LNG bunkering market in the region is primarily driven by the upsurge in shale gas exploration and stringent environmental regulations implemented by the government.
LNG Bunkering Market Dynamics
Benefits of using LNG as a marine fuel, global concerns over increasing air pollution, and stringent regulations on gas emissions are expected to drive the growth of the LNG bunkering market in the coming years.
In October 2016, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a United Nations agency, revised the cap on sulfur content in marine fuels from 3.5% to 0.5%. The new regulation is expected to come into force by 2020. However, this could compel refineries to make additional investments and modifications in their process to produce marine fuels that meet the sulfur content guidelines. Moreover, studies by the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) and the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) indicate a trend that the current refineries are expected to fall short of integrating such modifications by 2020, which, in turn, will result in the shortage of traditional marine fuels.
LNG fuel, on the other hand, has lower sulfur content and needs comparatively less processing to meet the sulfur content limits. It, thus, requires less expensive modifications in its manufacturing process as compared to conventional marine fuels. Therefore, the economic viability of LNG is expected to translate into its increased adoption in the coming years. This development is expected to drive the LNG bunkering market during the forecast period.
The marine industry is witnessing a downtrend as a result of reduced offshore oil and gas activity. Slow growth of the offshore oil and gas industry is affecting the demand for offshore service vessels, which, in turn, is hindering the growth of the LNG bunkering market. Besides, factors such as huge capital investments for the development of LNG bunkers and the availability of alternatives to LNG for reducing the sulfur content, i.e., with the use of scrubbers, are restraining the market growth to some extent.
The growing public support toward ECAs and introduction of global regulations for these areas are expected to encourage the adoption of LNG as a marine fuel, thereby generating ample growth opportunities for the players operating in the LNG bunkering market.
ECAs are the sea areas where stringent regulations are established to control airborne emissions of sulfur from the marine modes of transportation. From May 2005 to June 2010, the sulfur emission limit was 15,000 ppm in ECAs, which was reduced to 10,000 ppm during July 2010–December 2014. The limit was further reduced to 1,000 ppm in January 2015, which can be viewed as a propellent for the growth of the LNG bunkering market.
As of 2011, ECAs comprised the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, the North American ECA, and the US Caribbean ECA. More such regions are expected to come under the ECA category in the coming years. The proposal for the inclusion of Japan, Southeast Asia, and the Mediterranean under this category and the massive market potential in the unexplored APAC region are creating opportunities for the growth of the LNG bunkering market.
LNG Bunkering Market Competitive Landscape
Some of the major companies operating in the global LNG bunkering market are Gazpromneft Marine Bunker LLC, Royal Dutch Shell PLC, Bomin Linde LNG GmbH & Co. KG, Skangass AS, Korea Gas Corporation, Harvey Gulf International Marine LLC, ENGIE, Polskie LNG SA, Eagle LNG Partners, and ENN Group.
The study provides the historical as well the forecast market size data for various countries, including the U.S., Canada, France, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Spain, Japan, China, India, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa.


On the nature and message of the lotus stra in the light of early buddhism and buddhist scholarship (towards the beginnings of mahāyāna)
Asian Philosophy 14 (3):209 – 221 (2004)
|Abstract||The aim of this paper is to compare the contents of the Lotus Stra and the style of presentation of its message with the thrust of the Buddha's teachings as they are preserved in the early Buddhist sources, particularly the Sutta Piaka of the Pāli Canon, and also in the Pāli commentarial literature. In the process it attempts to identify in the early sources the precedents of some of the bold statements in the Lotus Stra which appear as complete innovations, but may be elaborations of elements contained in Pāli sources in germinal form. Despite the difference in style, language and mythological imagery, the conclusion is that both the Sutta Piaka and the Lotus Stra express in their respective manners the true spirit of the Buddhist message. Attention is drawn also to the striking parallels between the Buddhist picture of the multiple universe and modern cosmological theories.|
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The history of intolerance in the United States begins in colonial times. Discrimination on the basis of religion, race, and sexual orientation have been characteristic of our society for more than three centuries. "Us and Them" illuminates these dark corners of our nation's past and traces its ongoing efforts to live up to its ideals. Through 14 case studies, using original documents, historical photos, newly commissioned paintings, and dramatic narratives, readers begin to understand the history and psychology of intolerance as they witness firsthand the struggles that have shaped our collective identity.
We read about Mary Dyer, who was executed for her Quaker faith in Boston in 1660. We learn how the Mormons were expelled from Missouri in 1838. The attack on Chinese miners in Rock Spring, Wyoming in 1885, the battle of Wounded Knee in 1890, the activities of the Ku Klux Klan in Mobile, Alabama in 1981, and the Crown Heights riot in New York in 1991--all are presented in clear and powerful narrative that brings to life history that is often forgotten or slighted.
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