Hackerrank problem: Climbing the Leaderboard (Java) I am solving the following Hackerrank problem: Climbing the Leaderboard.
The problem statement:
Alice is playing an arcade game and wants to climb to the top of the leaderboard and wants to track her ranking. The game uses Dense Ranking, so its leaderboard works like this:

The player with the highest score is ranked number 1 on the leaderboard.
Players who have equal scores receive the same ranking number, and the next player(s) receive the immediately following ranking number.

For example, the four players on the leaderboard have high scores of 100, 90, 90, and 80. Those players will have ranks 1, 2, 2, and 3, respectively. If Alice's scores are 70, 80 and 105, her rankings after each game are 4th, 3rd and 1st.
Function Description
Complete the climbingLeaderboard function in the editor below. It should return an integer array where each element res[j] represents Alice's rank after the jth game.
climbingLeaderboard has the following parameter(s):
scores: an array of integers that represent leaderboard scores
alice: an array of integers that represent Alice's scores
Input Format
The first line contains an integer n, the number of players on the leaderboard.
The next line contains n space-separated integers scores[i], the leaderboard scores in decreasing order.
The next line contains an integer, m, denoting the number games Alice plays.
The last line contains m space-separated integers alice[j], the game scores.
Constraints

1 &lt;= n &lt;= 2 * 10^5
1 &lt;= m &lt;= 2 * 10^5
0 &lt;= scores[i] &lt;= 10^9 for 0 &lt;= i &lt; n
0 &lt;= alice[j] &lt;= 10^9 for 0 &lt;= j &lt; m

The existing leaderboard, scores, is in descending order.
Alice's scores, alice, are in ascending order.
Subtask
For 60% of the maximum score:

1 &lt;= n &lt;= 200
1 &lt;= m &lt;= 200

Output Format
Print m integers. The jth integer should indicate Alice's rank after playing the jth  game.

My solution is failing to pass 4 test cases due to timeout. The code is as follows:
 import java.util.*;
    
    public class Main {
        public static void main(String[] args) {

            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

            int totalPlayers = scanner.nextInt();
            ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt; playerScores = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();
            for(int i = 0; i &lt; totalPlayers; i++) {
                playerScores.add(scanner.nextInt());
            }
    
            int aliceTotalScores = scanner.nextInt();
            ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt; aliceScores = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();
            for(int i = 0; i &lt; aliceTotalScores; i++) {
                aliceScores.add(scanner.nextInt());
            }
    
            List&lt;Integer&gt; finalScores = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(playerScores);
            for(int i = 0; i &lt; aliceTotalScores; i++) {
                finalScores.add(aliceScores.get(i));
                finalScores.sort(Collections.reverseOrder());
                Set&lt;Integer&gt; set = new LinkedHashSet&lt;&gt;(finalScores);
                finalScores.clear();
                finalScores.addAll(set);
                System.out.println(finalScores.indexOf(aliceScores.get(i)) + 1);
            }
        }
    }

Any suggestions on how to improve the solution or some general direction as to where I am making a mistake would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.
I have some suggestions to make the code cleaner, not faster.
Always try to pass the size of the maximum size to the Collection / Map when known
The ArrayList has a default size of 10 elements, if you have more elements, the list will have to resize its internal pool. By setting the size, you can prevent the resize and make your code faster.
//[...]
int totalPlayers = scanner.nextInt();
ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt; playerScores = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(totalPlayers);
//[...]
int aliceTotalScores = scanner.nextInt();
ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt; aliceScores = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(aliceTotalScores);
//[...]

Always use the base class / interface in the left part of the variable when possible
By setting the java.util.List interface in the variable part, this could make the code more refactorable in the future, since you could easily change the list type without changing everything (inheritance).
Before
 ArrayList&lt;Integer&gt; playerScores = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(totalPlayers);

After
 List&lt;Integer&gt; playerScores = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(totalPlayers);

Replace the for loop with an enhanced 'for' loop
In your code, you don’t actually need the index provided by the loop, you can the enhanced version.
Before
for (int i = 0; i &lt; aliceTotalScores; i++) {
   finalScores.add(aliceScores.get(i));
   finalScores.sort(Collections.reverseOrder());
   Set&lt;Integer&gt; set = new LinkedHashSet&lt;&gt;(finalScores);
   finalScores.clear();
   finalScores.addAll(set);
   System.out.println(finalScores.indexOf(aliceScores.get(i)) + 1);
}

After
for (Integer aliceScore : aliceScores) {
   finalScores.add(aliceScore);
   finalScores.sort(Collections.reverseOrder());
   Set&lt;Integer&gt; set = new LinkedHashSet&lt;&gt;(finalScores);
   finalScores.clear();
   finalScores.addAll(set);
   System.out.println(finalScores.indexOf(aliceScore) + 1);
}

Extract some of the logic to methods.
To remove some of the code of the main method, you could move both list instantiation (playerScores &amp; aliceScores) to methods. Since the logic is similar, you could make only one method to read the inputs to a list and reuse the same for both cases.
public static void main(String[] args) {
   List&lt;Integer&gt; playerScores = getPlayerScores(scanner);
   List&lt;Integer&gt; aliceScores = getAliceScores(scanner);
}

private static List&lt;Integer&gt; getAliceScores(Scanner scanner) {
   return getIntegers(scanner);
}

private static List&lt;Integer&gt; getPlayerScores(Scanner scanner) {
   return getIntegers(scanner);
}


private static List&lt;Integer&gt; getIntegers(Scanner scanner) {
   int size = scanner.nextInt();
   List&lt;Integer&gt; integers = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(size);
   for (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {
      integers.add(scanner.nextInt());
   }
   return integers;
}


or
public static void main(String[] args) {
   List&lt;Integer&gt; playerScores = getIntegers(scanner);
   List&lt;Integer&gt; aliceScores = getIntegers(scanner);
}

private static List&lt;Integer&gt; getIntegers(Scanner scanner) {
   int size = scanner.nextInt();
   List&lt;Integer&gt; integers = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(size);
   for (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {
      integers.add(scanner.nextInt());
   }
   return integers;
}


Refactored code
public static void main(String[] args) {
   Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
   List&lt;Integer&gt; playerScores = getPlayerScores(scanner);
   List&lt;Integer&gt; aliceScores = getAliceScores(scanner);
   List&lt;Integer&gt; finalScores = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(playerScores);

   for (Integer aliceScore : aliceScores) {
      finalScores.add(aliceScore);
      finalScores.sort(Collections.reverseOrder());
      Set&lt;Integer&gt; set = new LinkedHashSet&lt;&gt;(finalScores);
      finalScores.clear();
      finalScores.addAll(set);
      System.out.println(finalScores.indexOf(aliceScore) + 1);
   }
}

private static List&lt;Integer&gt; getAliceScores(Scanner scanner) {
   return getIntegers(scanner);
}

private static List&lt;Integer&gt; getPlayerScores(Scanner scanner) {
   return getIntegers(scanner);
}


private static List&lt;Integer&gt; getIntegers(Scanner scanner) {
   int size = scanner.nextInt();
   List&lt;Integer&gt; integers = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;(size);
   for (int i = 0; i &lt; size; i++) {
      integers.add(scanner.nextInt());
   }
   return integers;
}