Phonetic Alphabet Trainer This is a little program I put together to help people learn the phonetic alphabet. Feel free to query the code.

import random

phonetic = {    'a' : 'alpha',    'b' : 'bravo',    'c' : 'charlie',    'd' : 'delta',    'e' : 'echo',    'f' : 'foxtrot',    'g' : 'golf',    'h' : 'hotel',    'i' : 'india',    'j' : 'juilett',    'k' : 'kilo',    'l' : 'lima',    'm' : 'mike',    'n' : 'november',    'o' : 'oscar',    'p' : 'papa',    'q' : 'quebec',    'r' : 'romeo',    's' : 'sierra',    't' : 'tango',    'u' : 'uniform',    'v' : 'victor',    'w' : 'whiskey',    'x' : 'x-ray',    'y' : 'yankee',    'z' : 'zulu'    }

print('Welcome to the IkeaFish Phonetic Trainer. \n Answer no or n to stop the program.')

again = 'yes'
while again != 'no' or 'n':

    #Picks either 0 or 1. If equal to 1 tests the letters, If equal to 0, tests the words.
    if random.randint(0,1) == 1:

        question = random.choice(list(phonetic.keys()))        
        answer = input('What does this letter {} stand for: '.format(question))

        if answer == phonetic[question]:
            print('Correct')            
        else:
            print('Wrong answer', question, 'stands for', phonetic[question])

    else:
        letter = random.choice(list(phonetic.keys()))
        #Grabbing a random key
        question = phonetic[letter]                  
        answer = input('What does this word {} stand for: '.format(question))

        if answer == letter:
            print('Correct')            
        else:
            print('Wrong answer', question, 'stands for', phonetic[letter])
Your line

while again != 'no' or 'n'


is incorrect: again != 'no' or 'n' is evaluated to (again != 'no') or 'n' which is True as 'n' evaluates to True in any case.
You have to use again != 'no' and again != 'n' here
    or again not in ['no', 'n']. 

Anyway, I replaced it with while True and added a break statement. This allows to exit from the loop exactly when we need it. (Otherwise we get unnecessary message that our answer is not correct.) Also your again variable never changed, so your loop in any case is infinite.

I also did several improvements that you can see in the code, and updated the spelling to match the NATO phonetic spellings.

import random

phonetic = {'a': 'alfa', 'b': 'bravo', 'c': 'charlie', 'd' : 'delta',
            'e': 'echo', 'f': 'foxtrot', 'g': 'golf', 'h': 'hotel', 
            'i': 'india', 'j': 'juliett', 'k': 'kilo',
            'l': 'lima', 'm': 'mike', 'n': 'november', 'o': 'oscar',    
            'p': 'papa', 'q': 'quebec', 'r': 'romeo', 
            's': 'sierra', 't': 'tango', 'u': 'uniform', 'v': 'victor',
            'w' : 'whiskey', 'x': 'x-ray', 'y': 'yankee', 'z': 'zulu'}
# made this a bit more pep8-compliant

print("Welcome to the IkeaFish Phonetic Trainer.\nAnswer 'no' or 'stop' to stop the program.")
# n can be valid answer, so it is not good to use it a stop-word

while True:    

    letter, word = random.choice(list(phonetic.items())) 
    # we can pick both elements at once

    if random.choice([True, False]):
        answer = input('What does this letter {} stand for: '.format(letter))
        correct = word            
    else:
        answer = input('What does this word {} stand for: '.format(word))
        correct = letter

    answer = answer.lower()
    # make answers case-insensetive

    if answer in ['no', 'stop']:
        break

    if answer == correct:
        print('Correct')            
    else:
        print('Wrong answer', letter, 'stands for', word)