Finding the number which satisfies specific conditions I saw this question somewhere:

There is an 8-digit number. The first digit from left to right determines how many zeroes are in the number. The second digit tells you how many 1s are in the number, the third digit tells you how many 2s are in the number and so on, until the 8th digit, which tells you how many 7s are in the number. Find the number.

I wrote a piece of code in Python to find out the digit. Apart from the conditions mentioned above, I have a few additional checks like 'sum of digits should be 8' and 'no 8 or 9 should be present in the number'. This is just brute force since I take every number and check for conditions. I was curious to know if there is any better way of solving the problem.

def returnStat(number, digit, count):
    number = str(number)    
    digit = str(digit)
    print "Analysing for ",digit," to see if it appears ",count, " times in ",number,"."        
    actCnt = number.count(digit)
    count = str(count)
    actCnt = str(actCnt)
    if (actCnt == count):
        return 1
    else:
        return 0
def validateNum(number):
    numList = str(number)
    if '8' in numList:
        print "Skipping ",number, " since it has 8 in it"
        return (-1)
    elif '9' in numList:
        print "Skipping ",number, " since it has 9 in it"
        return (-1)
    elif (sum(int(digit) for digit in numList) != 8):
        print "Skipping ",number, " since its sum is not equal to 8"
        return (-1)
    index = 0
    flag = 0
    for num in numList:
        if (returnStat(number,index,num)) :
            index = index+1
            continue
        else:
            flag = 1
            break 
    if (flag == 1):
        return (-1)
    else:
        return number

for num in range(0,80000000):
    number = '{number:0{width}d}'.format(width=8,number=num)
    desiredNum = "-1"
    desiredNum = validateNum(number)
    if (desiredNum == -1):
        print number," does not satisfy all "
        continue
    else:
        print "The number that satisfies all contition is ",number
        break
Testing for self-descriptiveness is easy if you use the built-in collections.Counter to do the counting for you:

from collections import Counter

def self_descriptive(n):
    """Return True if n is self-descriptive, that is, if n is made up of
    digits d0 d1, ..., then d0 of them are 0, d1 are 1, and so on.

    &gt;&gt;&gt; self_descriptive(1210)
    True
    &gt;&gt;&gt; self_descriptive(310100)
    False

    """
    digits = [int(d) for d in str(n)]
    return Counter(digits) == +Counter(dict(enumerate(digits)))


And then the solution is a one-liner:

next(filter(self_descriptive, range(10**7, 8*10**7)))


But this takes so long that it's faster to solve the problem by hand:


   Consider how many zeroes there are. It's easy to rule out 8, 7, and 6, so could there be 5? This would require the number to be \$ 5abcd100 \$, with \$ a ≥ 1 \$ and \$ b = c = d = 0 \$, but this doesn't work: either \$ a = 1 \$ but there are two 1's, or \$ a &gt; 1 \$ and there is only one 1.
 There can't be 3 (or fewer) zeroes, because that leaves 4 (or more) non-zeroes, adding up to at least 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 other digits, which is too many.
 So that leaves 4 zeroes. This requires the number to be \$ 4abc1000 \$ with \$ a ≥ 1 \$ and either \$ b = 0 \$ or \$ c = 0 \$ (but not both). If \$ b = 0 \$ then \$ c ≥ 1 \$ but this is not possible because that would require 3 of some digit, so it must be \$ c = 0 \$ and the (only) answer is \$ 42101000 \$.