Does data reset wipe batterystatus.bin? Does data reset delete batterystats.bin?

Location of batterystats.bin file is /data/system/batterystats.bin.

Note: NVRAM also remains in data partition but data reset does not wipe IMEI.

Can I calibrate the battery without rooting the new custom ROM?
If you wipe data/factory reset in ClockWorkMod or TWRP recovery, then it should remove it. The stock recovery probably will wipe it.

In general, to access recovery, turn off your phone and pull the battery (certain phones have a mode where they "hibernate" instead of powering off...)

Hold the volume up button and then hold the power button. When the phone vibrates release the power button but keep holding volume up.

Note: Factory resetting in Android may not remove this file. A research project by Cambridge University showed that there is a security flaw in some Android devices where not all the files are wiped... 

This is because the recovery formats the data partition, so it will certainly be deleted.