Can USB Debugging and Developer Options be used to spy on me? Can developer options and Bug Reports be used to spy on a person's phone use? For example by a spouse or parent?
Developer options and Bug Reports are tools that an android developer can use to test and debug ther app and get access to system logs and some other functions.

Here is a link to the Android documentation on development options:
https://developer.android.com/studio/debug/dev-options.html