Why does Windows think my phone has 52 GiB of internal disk space whereas my phone sees 64 GB? From my phone:

From Windows 7 SP1 x64 Ultimate:
Your phone is showing you the total amount of storage inside your device.  This includes a bunch of partitions containing the operating system, radio image, preloaded apps, bootloader, recovery, etc.  These partitions are read-only, and many aren't even accessible within the Android OS, so they aren't exposed when connected to Windows—there wouldn't be any way to say &quot;actually there's more space but you can't use it.&quot;  What Windows sees is the user-accessible space it can read from and write to, which is smaller than the total storage in the device.