Does Google offer a support number for the Android OS as a whole? If not, why? My grandfather's contacts are missing on his Galaxy, and a quick Google search on the error "Sync is currently experiencing problems. It will be back shortly." shows numerous results, solutions, etc etc, none of which seem to be applicable in this situation. 

Now, obviously I could ask here, but that guarantees no quick solution, and the contacts are needed soon to make important calls. I looked into Google Support, and that page doesn't offer an option for support with the Android OS in general. Instead, it sends you to support at Samsung.com, since this is a Galaxy, and that page is a dead end in regards to my problem. 

We dont have time to wait for an answer from a support forum or ticket. I'd like to just get on the phone and call Google for a general Android OS issue. Is this possible? Where can I find the number? I've looked everywhere.
No, Google does not provide a general service support number. Google provides the base Android operating system with components like a contacts manager. Both the phone manufacturer and the service provider may customize the OS, use their own applications, or replace stock applications like the contacts manager. Google is not able to support these customizations. 

In the US, I would expect the best tech support service to be from your carrier at local stores. They are the ones with dedicated personnel who can physically touch your phone and show you how to do things.