Moto G5 Plus: Can you use a different USB cable (with the original charger) for charging? I know using a different adapter than the original one can cause problems later on, but is that the same for charging (USB) cables? 

This guy here says it's fine
It's perfectly fine as long as the cable supports charging and not data only
For help on choosing non OEM cable see my answer here How to choose micro USB cable for my device?
My wife has the same device and it works perfectly fine with cable recommended above (or any other cable that supports charging)


Edit: If you are wondering if they support turbo charging - yes they do. Verified on my previous device Moto X Play and my wife's G5plus. Search for cables that support fast charging as they are usually thicker and more efficient