How do I enforce charging only on USB and disallow data? The US Federal Trade Commission now suggests consumers driving rental cars not plug in their mobile phones using USB, due to security concerns. 

I understand for the security of my phone and data the physical solution is best; there is no way data can be transferred though the cigarette lighter, but this requires carrying additional hardware when traveling. 

Is there a way to disallow data transfer over USB within Android? My primary concern is with unrooted Android 7.0 Nougat, but I am actually interested in prior Android versions as well. 

I am aware of the "Use USB to" menu that shows up under notifications with  the following options: 


Charge this device: Just charge this device
Supply power: Supply power to the other connected device
Transfer files: Transfer files to another device
Transfer photos (PTP): Transfer photos or files if MTP is not supported (PTP)
Use device as MIDI: use this device as MIDI


I am able to use USB debugging while "Charge this device" is selected, which is definitely sending data over USB and is in conflict with the description. Does this mean only explicitly allowed devices can send data over USB in "Charge this device" mode? Or are there other exceptions as well? 

How do I enforce charging only for USB connections like a rental car and disallow data transfer?
First, don't leave ADB enabled except when you need it,  even though you have to authorize any device that uses ADB, as good safety practice... Other than that, Marshmallow and newer Android do not allow file transfer or other data transfer without authorization on a per connection basis. 

In Marshmallow or newer, I think this is generally an unwarranted concern and usb connection in rental cars can safely be used. TBH, I doubt any legitimate rental company car is of concern at all.