How to perform SMOTE-N when there is no majority vote? In the SMOTE paper, the authors present the logic of creating synthetic examples when all features are nominal (section 6.2, SMOTE-N):


  To generate new minority class feature vectors, we can create new set
  feature values by taking the majority vote of the feature vector in
  consideration and its k nearest neighbors


Along with this example:


  Let F1 = A B C D E be the feature vector under consideration and let
  its 2 nearest neighbors be 
  
  F2 = A F C G N 
  
  F3 = H B C D N 
  
  The
  application of SMOTE-N would create the following feature vector: FS =
  A B C D N


How would FS be chosen in the case that F3 = H B C I N? How does Value Difference Metric by Cost and Salzberg described in the paper assist in this case?
I don't know what "VDM" stands for, but a simple solution for tie breaking is to randomly pick one of the tied options.