How do stacked CNN layers work? The internet is full of pictures like this:

But how are the second/third/etc CNN layers able to extract features when the features are already extracted by the previous layers?
For example, the mid-level feature in the picture has a nose. When we apply this &quot;nose&quot; filter, the output feature map will be an image without the nose, right?
Then, this feature map is passed to the next CNN layer, but how is it able to extract the &quot;high-level feature&quot; if the feature map given to it doesn't contain the nose? And the more layers we stack in CNN, the less meaningful data will be extracted in the latter layers.
I think you might be misunderstanding the phrase &quot;extract&quot; here. Think of it as &quot;gets activated by&quot; instead.
For example, the &quot;nose filter&quot; gets activated by inputs which look like a human nose (more precisely: it gets activated by activation maps of previous layers which correspond to a nose in the input image). And simply put, the following higher level feature maps in your example, which might encode a human face, then get activated if the previous layers contain activated feature maps for a human nose, mouth, eye etc. This article explains it well.
As NNs in general, this process is loosely inspired by how visual perception in humans and other animals works.