Term for calculated values that lose pertinence when changing scale I'm trying to find the term for a type of calculations or values that cannot be simpply added or multiplied when zooming in or out from a temporal scale. I know it's not very clear, if it were I would just google the question.

Here's an example: say you're comparing 2014 vs 2015 sales of ice cream and temperature at day's level. If you want to do an analysis by week, you can just add the sales for seven days, and compare weeks between them, the information still makes sense: there's a fact (amount of money deposited in the bank that week) that is grounded in reality that relate to the new figure. You could also calculate an average by day from the total by week.

But, adding temperatures for a total would not make any sense in reality, you need to calculate an average for that kind of data.

So is there a term for this type of values that can only make sense as average and never be added or multiplied (except as an intermediate step for calculating an average)?
Let us think of sales ($S$) as a property of a system.  You could imagine Week 1 to be a system and Week 2 to be another system.  Call the Week 1 system $W_1$ and the Week 2 system $W_2$.  Then,
$$
  S(W_1) + S(W_2) = S(W_1 + W_2)
$$
A property that has this additive character is called extensive.  

Now consider the temperature ($T$) as the property with values $T(W_1)$ and $T(W_2)$ for weeks 1 and 2.  Assume that the two $T$ values are identical.  Merge the Week 1 and Week 2 systems together to get another system $W$ for the two weeks together.  Then
$$
  T(W) = T(W_1+W_2)
$$ 
Properties that follow this rule are called intensive and cannot be added.

These definitions were invented for physical properties and systems and one has to be careful in applying the definitions to general situations.  I'm not sure how much thought along these lines has gone into the social sciences. 

For more, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties.