Machine Learning Models for Non-Imaging Medical Clinical Data I am a beginner in machine learning. Since machine learning is a wide area, I would like keep my focus on clinical data.

When I search for machine learning samples in healthcare, most of the examples are related to interpreting medical images like retina image recognizing retinopathy. What are the clinical relationships modeled in ML?
Some of the non-imaging examples are 


ECG (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324457712_A_deep_learning_approach_for_ECG-based_heartbeat_classification_for_arrhythmia_detection   ,  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5805987/)
Arrhythmia (https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/arrhythmia , http://ecg.mit.edu/time-series/)
Diabetes  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959518304624
Genotyping : https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/10/1/18/pdf , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/241414v1