Macro F1 result higher than accuracy for imbalanced dataset In one of the research papers on fake news detection, the authors collected a fake news binary dataset (fake vs. real news) consists of 16,817 real articles and 5,323 fake ones. 

The authors presented the results using accuracy, precision, recall and F1 without specifying which kind of averaging they applied on the F1 metric (macro, micro, weighted, etc.). 

Here are the results:



If you can notice for the last system, the accuracy value is 0.689 and the F1 value is 0.717 which is higher than the accuracy.

Thus, give the imbalanced status of the dataset, is it possible that the authors averaged the classes in the F1 metric using macro way?

For me, this "impossible" to happen, and I argue that probably they used weighed F1 score.
They calculated the "standard" F1 score as defined for binary classification tasks:

precision = 0.656
recall = 0.792
f1 = 2 * (precision * recall) / (precision + recall)
f1


gives

0.7176132596685083


Other versions of the F1 score are used for multiple classes as you can see here under "Extension to multi-class classification":


  The F-score is also used for evaluating classification problems with more than two classes (Multiclass classification). In this setup, the final score is obtained by micro-averaging (biased by class frequency) or macro-averaging (taking all classes as equally important). For macro-averaging, two different formulas have been used by applicants: the F-score of (arithmetic) class-wise precision and recall means or the arithmetic mean of class-wise F-scores, where the latter exhibits more desirable properties.


Alternatively, see here for the scikit learn implementation of the F1 score and its parameter description.