What does Stroustrup mean by 7/8ths of MIPS being in the vector units? In his article Software Development for Infrastructure Stroustrup states the following:


  Hardware improvements make the problems and costs resulting from
  isolating software from hardware far worse than they used to be. For a
  typical desktop machine,
  
  
  3/4ths of the MIPS are in the GPU;
  from
  what’s left, 7/8ths are in the vector units; and 
  7/8ths of that are
  in the “other” cores.
  
  
  So a single-threaded, nonvectorized, non-GPU-utilizing application has access to roughly 0.4 percent of the compute power available on the device (taken from Russell Williams).


Now I understand the GPU and threading issues of performance. But since threading and vectorization are mentioned as separate things, I would like to know what does it exactly mean when you say that vector units are X% of the computing power.
Imagine you have a 256 bit vector floating point unit which can perform eight 32 bit operations in parallel. How many operations per second can you perform with or without using the vector FPU?

Imagine you have eight cores.  How many operations can you perform in one second using one core or all eight cores?