Internal and External Fragmentation I am working over a homework problem and am confused on how to determine whether there is internal and external fragmentation given the following table:

Characteristic                   Design 1 Design 2 Design 3
Physical Memory Address Width:     8 bit    16 bit   32 bit
Virtual (Logical) Address Width:   12 bit   20 bit   24 bit
Page/Frame size in bytes:          16 bytes 32 bytes 64 bytes


More specifically, which design has the most internal fragmentation and external fragmentation and why?
I have found the answer. External fragmentation happens over time when small spaces in memory are not effectively employed. This leads to hole everywhere in memory. Therefore it cannot be determined from the chart that there is external fragmentation.

On the other hand, internal fragmentation is the idea when there is over-allocation of memory space to a process. In the above chart, internal fragmentation depends on the page/frame size. Since it is possible for a page to only have one byte of data then larger page sizes have more internal fragmentation. Design 3 has the most spread which is the answer.