What are some fundamental issues computer science tries to address? I was wondering, if physics has the origins of the universe or the nature of space, time, and matter, biology has the existence of the cell and the origin of life, are there mysteries that computer science could seek to unravel? 

This question does not concern the theories and technologies developed by computer science, but more existential, ontological issues.
Computer science addresses the mystery of computation (but not computers): what is computable, what is not-computable, how difficult it is to solve certain problems, when are programs correct, how can programs be effectively written, what's the best way of solving problem X (for many Xs), ...