Graph Coloring Problem Can solutions to the graph coloring problem be used in the prison system to keep known enemies apart with the goal of reducing violence?
It's unclear exactly what level you're asking the question at.

In principle, you could set up a graph where the vertices are prisoners, there's an edge between any two prisoners who need to be kept separate, and each prison corresponds to a colour. In practice, there are probably too many prisoners in any reasonably sized country for this to be a computationally tractable approach (though the conflict graph would probably be rather sparse), there are more constraints on the system that would be hard to model in this graph-colouring approach, and two prisoners getting into a fight could cause a re-colouring that might cause a large proportion of the prison population to be moved, which is neither feasible nor desirable.