What is this type of consistency called in DataRetrieval? I am trying to find the name of this feature that is implemented with SQL Databases:

Given a Record $R^1$ in table having two values for two different fields, e.g. 
Let value of field 1 $F_1$ be $V_1$, Let value of field 2 $F_2$ be $V_2$
A any query requiring records s.t. $F_1 = V_1$ should contain $R^1$.
Also any query requiring records s.t. $F_2 = V_2$ should also contain $R^1$.

If a database does not have the above property then it definitely considered broken.

My question is what is the name for this kind of consistency?
I would call it expected consistency. 

Unless you are just defining the $=$ operator.

When you get into transactions can have uncommitted or dirty value. By default $=$ will only match committed values but you can search on the uncommitted value. Look up ACID around data consistency.

Also careful with any as with an AND condition it needs to satisfy both so you may not get $R^1$ for $F_2 = V_2$ if another AND condition is not satisfied.