NP and verifiability equivalence - does this guarantee that any certificate can be verified in polynomial time? As a follow-up from my old question here, I'm wondering more about the equivalence proof. Intuitively, NP has been described as the class of all problems which a solution certificate can be verified in polynomial time. Let's say we have a problem $K$ in NP and we have a certificate $c_e$ obtained externally that proves a YES or NO result for $x$.
From my understanding of the proof implications, if we have a NTM which solves $K$ in polynomial time, this implies that there exists a verifier for $K$ which takes any certificate and says whether that specific certificate is a valid &quot;solution&quot; for if $x$ results in YES/NO. The proof involves the fact that the NTM generates its own certificate $c_n$ which the verifier then uses, but this has nothing to do with $c_e$ from what I see. From my understanding, the verifier should take any arbitrary certificate (including $c_e$) and verifies that it indeed leads to the answer. But instead, the verifier uses only the certificate $c_n$ created by the NTM to verify whether $x$ results in YES/NO. In other words, the verifier isn't able to check any arbitrary certificate - it's only able to check the one created by the NTM.
To rephrase in case I'm not making sense – constructing a verifier, in my interpretation, means this verifier can take any certificate and check whether it's a proof for $x$. But the equivalence proof has the verifier take a specific certificate $c_n$ created by the NTM and only checks whether that is a valid proof for $x$. So what makes the verifier able to  verify for any arbitrary certificate $c_e$?
I must be getting confused somewhere. Is there any point which labels my misunderstanding? I'd really like to fully grasp the intuition of the proof.
A non-deterministic Turing machine has a special instruction that allows it to non-deterministically "guess" a bit. The list of bits guessed by the machine is sometimes called a certificate. You can imagine that the guessed bits are taken from an auxiliary tape, whose contents you can think of as a certificate.

Here is an example. Consider the problem SAT: the input is a formula, and wish to find out whether the formula is satisfiable. A non-deterministic Turing machine for this problem "guesses" an assignment, and then checks ("verifies") that it satisfies the given formula. Alternatively, the machine gets a certificate and verifies that it is a satisfying assignment for the input formula. This is exactly the same Turing machine, only the process of non-deterministic guessing is visualized as reading from an auxiliary input, which we think of as a certificate.