How to filter a view based for the current user based the value of custom fields in his profile and fields in the list of items viewed I'd like to implement Views that conditionally show or hide item listings of content nodes to the current User based on:
(1) value(s) in the current User's profile and
(2) value(s) in the profile of the author of each item and
(3) value(s) in each content node itself.  

A good example would be a classified ad system that enabled advertisers to specify that a given ad be shown only to users whose profiles meet a set of specific criteria.

For example:
A Drupal site with User Accounts with custom fields to capture each user's age, height, and hair, and a Content Type for advertisements with the same fields.

The challenge is how to construct a View that supports a use case like the following:
Users who will look at the View:
= David is a bald, 6.5 foot, 70 yr old.
= Edward is a blond, 5'5", 18 year old.
= Fred is a brown-haired, 5'11", 30 year old.
Ads that can be displayed in the View as follows:
= "Miracle Grow Hair Spray" posted by Abby to be shown only to bald people.
= "NuEar Hearing Aids" posted by Betty to be shown only to people over age 65.
= "Big and Tall Shop" posted by Carol only to be shown to people over 6 feet tall.

In summary, I'm trying to filter tablular View of nodes based on attributes of the content nodes, the authors of the node, and the current user who is looking at the View.
The standard Views filter UI supports filters based on attributes of each node in the table, but does not appear to permit any use of information about the current user other than his login state.

Any advice and references to doing the filtering at the granularity of each node would be greatly appreciated!
I'll take the assumption that your using a content view, that way we're only making relationships to the user or user of said content.

Essentially you could add an entity reference to a taxonomy term which would in turn be referencing the piece of content to filter. So;

We create a new vocabulary, add the entity reference field. Create a new term, we'll call this 'bald'. Bald will make an entity reference to the content item 'Miracle Grow Hair Spray'.

Next we'll add a taxonomy reference field to the user profile. This will reference the users 'properies' from our new vocabulary. E.G. if our user is bald we will reference this term.

Lastly on the view we should have enough data to make a bridge to the piece of content being referenced by the term associated with said user. 

Although basic &amp; very roughly explained this should hopefully help.