Display the day of the week I have a date field (field_date) and on the right of this field I have to display the day of the week
You can change how dates from date fields are displayed by changing it on the Manage display (/admin/structure/types/manage/[my_CT]/display) page for that Content type. 

Custom date format for individual field

The quick and dirty way of doing it is by choosing Custom for Formatter and entering the code for the date, for example: 

Y-m-d\TH:i:s, l


will give you "2019-09-09T17:30:19, Monday". 

You can lookup the various date and time codes in the PHP manual:  https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.date.php

Overriding individual fields displays with custom date formats isn't the best way to go because you can't reuse it throughout the site, for other fields, or translate into other languages (different countries have different conventions about how to write dates). 



Reusable Custom date format

The best way is to first add the new Date format to your site. This way you will be able to use anywhere where you can format Date output. 

Go to Configuration &gt; Regional and language &gt; Date and time formats and Add a new format. 

Name it so it makes sense to your case, enter the PHP date code you want into the Format string, select Language and add the format. 

Now visit your Content type's Manage display page and change the Formatter of the Date field you want to affect to Default, and the Date format to the one you have just created.