Can solr point into a certain point in a document? I have very long documents (around 100 pages when printed) that I need to index with Apache Solr Search. Is it possible to index the pages with solr in such a way that clicking the result from the result page takes the user into the right document and into the right place in the document?
Not easily (unless there is a module I don't know of which does it). 

Solr can return highlighted terms, you can use this highlighting, to preprocess the node when being displayed to insert an anchor tag (after removing the ems), you cold append this tag to the search results page. 

Another way would be to index the pages separately. So you could at least link to the correct page (even if is a fragment id) when showing the results.