How dio I change things on module installation? I've been looking around for several days now, maybe i'm just not fully understanding how the new Drupal 8 framework works entirely.  What i'm trying to do is create a module that is a complete product that runs on the Drupal framework. I need to be able to completely customize the Drupal settings when the module installs.  Changing things like the "Home" link to be "Dashboard" or just remove/disable it entirely or updating the front page url to point to the page i'm going to be creating programatically. There are also a myriad of administrative settings that i would like to set as well like the site email, error pages, email templates, and configuration of other required modules.

If anyone has any examples of how this can be done or can point me to the right areas of documentation that has the answers i'm looking for (googling has not yielded the answers and i like to think i have pretty decent google foo).
I think what you are thinking of is configuration and overriding configuration. You can load any config object and set its value.

See: https://drupal.stackexchange.com/a/187488/57

Menu links are entities and can be loaded and changed too. See: https://drupal.stackexchange.com/a/225605/57