Is there a way to create a Webform automatically via script using Drush or another method? I'm automating a base Drupal 8 install using a bash script with Composer and Drush commands that installs Drupal and uses Drush and other methods to set my basic site configurations.

I'd like to also create some other basic settings like creating a standard Webform contact form, including its URL, etc.

Is this possible to do somehow via a script? Perhaps have a Webform config export stored somewhere and import it via the script? Note, this would be a new site so its UUID would differ each time.
You can exactly do what you touched on with config: put a placeholder into the yaml for the URL and remove the uuid completely. As you import into a new site, that will generate a new one for you.