Steps required for transforming some table into a Pie Chart & Bar Chart and by only using core modules? What are the typical steps and/or components required for transforming some data in a tabular format into a Pie Chart and/or a Bar Chart?

And this by only using (a) core modules of Drupal 7, and (b) some charting library that is used as the renderer to actually generate the graph?
If you wanna build your own custom module you can grab code from any one of the following modules and use them in your custom module.
Charts

Transform Data into Information. Charts are a very good way to visualize a lot of data in a way that can be quickly digested.

Other modules
Views Charts

Provides a &quot;charts&quot; style output for Views module so you can render result-set not just as text (list, tabular) but as pie-chart, bar-chart, scatter-plot etc.

Charts and Graphs

Charts and Graphs is an API for developers. It can easily be extended by third-party modules that want to add their own charting implementations. It does nothing by itself. It should only be installed if some other module requires it.