How to add content filter into a content page(not in a view)? So I'm totally new with the drupal and try to wrap things around my head, which is quite overhelming at first, so my question might be a simple one for pro's.

I'm building Property Listings site where users could submit their own listings, add comments and search and view Property Listings sorted by location, type, price and etc.

So when you search the site on the Search Bar it gives you a page with all the relevant content. For example: If i search for 2bed flats at around 50k they open a page with url defined in taxonomy term"around50k". And now, i have no idea what to do to add a filter for "Location" on that page. 

I could make the whole new page with a view for that exact type of listings and add whatever filters i want, however as there a hundreds of categories it would be a nightmare.

I know i could add more filters to a search bar, however i will have all Property Type menu on the site and i need *location and price* filters for each page on that menu.

Is there any functions that would create filters for content on pages or any other solution to this problem?
You probably want to add the Panels module.  There's an excellent series of screencasts on Panels/Page Manager at NodeOne.

Basically, you can use Panels and Page Manager to override paths on your site.  For example, you can override all taxonomy terms.  You can break this down however you like, such as "all taxonomy terms," "all taxonomy terms from a specific category," "one specific taxonomy term," "users with this role on a taxonomy term in this vocabulary," etc.  Then you can create Variants, which are page layouts that dictate how the content should be formatted.

Using Panels, you can take the views you make and stick them wherever you like on the site.  It will certainly take some time to learn how to set this up, but learning how views and panels work together will allow you to create very complicated sites with little duplication and certainly no "hundreds of pages" created manually.