How can I embed a View inside a content of a node? How can I embed a view inside a content of a node in Drupal 8? 

I found something similar, for example in the question about "How do I embed a view inside a node?" or the Viewfield module, but it is all for Drupal 7.

I tried with an Entity reference field pointing to a View but it display only a label and from the Manage Display tab I can choose only from Label and Entity ID. I need something like the "Rendered entity" option that is present on Entity reference fields pointing to other nodes.
Option 1
You can create a View Block. Then the view block will be available in the blocks section. Assign the view block to a region and show it on specific pages if you need to.

Option 2
Create a twig template file for your node and use
Twig Tweak

Twig Tweak module provides a Twig extension with some useful functions
and filters that can improve developer experience.
Ex:    &lt;dd&gt;{{ drupal_view('view_name', 'page_1') }}&lt;/dd&gt;

Option 3
If you use Panels or Display Suite, you can embed the view as a field.