Is there a way to link a menu item to the edit page of the last article? I want to create a menu item linked to the edit page of the last article.

I created a view and added filters to get the last article. I added only the field node path to the view.

But how can I get the value of that path field and put it in the URL of my menu item?
Yep!

Create a view that loads the single last published article,  style the view to look like your regular node page and then add a link to the view in your menu.

you could get fancier, but this is the least amount of PHP.