Is there a way to avoid anonymous user can see a node of a specific content type? Is there a way to avoid anonymous users can see nodes of a content type, like a block or a view?

I can control the access with a view, but if I know the link for a node, I can  see it without first logging in.
You can control the access to nodes in the hook hook_node_access():

mymodule.module:

use Drupal\node\NodeInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Session\AccountInterface;
use Drupal\Core\Access\AccessResult;

function mymodule_node_access(NodeInterface $node, $op, AccountInterface $account) {
  if ($account-&gt;isAnonymous() &amp;&amp; $node-&gt;gettype() == 'article') {
    return AccessResult::forbidden()-&gt;cachePerPermissions();
  }
  return AccessResult::neutral()-&gt;cachePerPermissions();
}


This controls the direct access to the node, not the access in views. But this is what you probably want.