How do I turn off teasers? I have a Drupal 7 site and on some pages, such as the front page. I don't want a list of teasers to show; I just want a Basic Page to show.  How do I do this?

I have looked in content types, blocks, and in the edit screens of the content items themselves, to no avail!
You have different ways/options to solve your issue.

Option 1: 
Create a page node and then set node URL as default front page in admin/config/system/site-information

Option 2:
Create a view page using Views module and set the page url as default front page (same as previous option).

Option 3:
Download and Enable Empty Front Page module and then locate any block you want in the content region.