What better way to add new features on a project already in production? We know that drupal is based on nodes.

I feel it difficult to make updates to a project already in production.

Currently I have two environments. A testing, and other production.
I make changes in the test environment, then I redo the production environment.

Is there any way I can do packages with content types, views, and maybe even taxonomy nodes, and import them into production?

Thank you.
I think you are looking for what KiamLalluno is answered in the comments.
I would just like to supply it by saying
These module have been helpfull for me when I was in your situation

Deploy Module

GO live checklist

Drush

Feeds Module

Features Module

Enviroment Indicator

Hope it helps