How can I filter the taxonomy terms by language? I have searched a way to filter the taxonomy terms by language (as done for nodes), but I didn't find any way to do it.

Does the Views module support that filter in taxonomies too, or just in nodes?
How can I filter the taxonomy terms by language?
By enabling the module Internationalization Views, the option to filter the taxonomy term by the language is available. Note that the version is currently in dev but it works like a charm.