How can you change the "inherit rotation, scale location" for a vertex or empty or an object, not just a bone? When you parent bones to bones, you have options of inheriting rotation, scale and location. But, I don't see those options when I do things like parent an object to an empty or an empty to a vertex. Where are these options?
There is no such option. Objects always inherit their parent's transformation. You can use constraints to selectively copy transformations from other objects to work around this, though.