What is the panel that appears after Scale operation and what is the command to display it independently? After selecting a face and scaling it with an S operation, a panel appears on the lower left hand side:



The panel is labelled Resize and shows the results of the scaling operation (in this case a scale value of 1.1 for all three axes).

What is this panel and how can I display it on command?
The panel is called "Redo Last"

It's always in the tool shelf T of the 3D-Editor or accessible as a popup with F6. 

https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/dev/interface/undo_redo.html