Why is Blender's default cube 2 cubic meters instead of 1? I had a very frustrating experience with Blender's UI. In the transform section there is location, rotation and scale and I thought scale would be dimensions, which I found out later it is not. Now I think a lot of people will confuse scale with dimensions (which is not even visible by default). Let's say I want to make a 0.1m cube; I tried to set the scale to 0.1 but since the default cube is 2m my new cube is now 0.2m.

Why is the default cube chosen like this and not the more natural and intuitive 1m3? 

Wouldn't a default cube of 1m3 be better since then a naive user who confuses scale with dimensions would still get the desired result when trying to input a cube of length 0.1 and input that number into the scale?
There is no reason. But the default cube goes 1 unit in every direction, it's the same size as a sphere with a radius of 1 unit as well as for example procedural spherical gradient, a plain axis empty has lines going 1 unit in each direction of all axis as well. If it was 1 unit size and it was centered it would have sides ending at half a unit in all directions, that might be weird. So for what it's worth, it has some sense behind it. I think it is mainly this way, only because it had to be some size, and this is no better or worse than anything else. You can create a cube of any size and hit ctrl+u to save another default file if that makes more sense to you.