Using vtk module crashes Blender I install vtk with homebrew (brew install vtk --with-python3 --without-python) on my MacOSX system.
Now I go in the Terminal shell, I start python3. Then I write import vtk and it works.

For the record, this is the python version installed with homebrew. 

Python 3.5.1 (default, Apr 18 2016, 03:49:24)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81)] on darwin


And this is the one shipped with Blender 2.77a

PYTHON INTERACTIVE CONSOLE 3.5.1 (default, Feb  1 2016, 13:40:14)  
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)]


So I'm confident this will behave the same in Blender. 
I launch it, go in the console and write the following: 

import sys
sys.path.append('/usr/local/Cellar/vtk/7.0.0_2/lib/python3.5/site-packages/')
import vtk

And that's a guaranteed crash

This isn't the first library I try to use which crashes at import time even if it works just fine in any other python environment. I doubt there's an easy solution (don't mention recompiling please). At least people reading this will know there's a problem and won't waste too much time on it...
I have had success with this method:

I'm using Blender 2.78 with python 3.5. And I installed latest vtk through homebrew.

import sys
sys.path.append("/usr/local/Cellar/vtk/7.1.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages")
import vtk


No problem, and https://github.com/cwant/VTKBlender module has been updated, so you might want to check that out