How to remove these line shading artifacts? How do I remove these ugly shading lines? I have tried selecting the loop and using inset. I have tried subdivision surface. I have tried edge split modifier. Nothing works.  Any help is appreciated.
Delete everything. Make same sphere like you did. Don't divide it into triangles. Use proportional editing tool (shortcut "O") for every change with vertices. Go right click => SHADE SMOOTH. Add subdivision surface.