Can I control my Arduino using just a 2.4GHz Wireless Transceiver and a wireless Xbox 360 controller? I want to control my Arduino using my wireless Xbox 360 controller. I've been looking up tutorials, and they all seem to recommend using a USB shield and the Xbox 360 wireless receiver. 

I don't own either of those things, but I do own a 2.4 GHz wireless transceiver. Can I use it to listen to what buttons are being pressed on the controller? For example, if I press the A button on the controller, can I make an LED turn on?
Short answer is no, unless you have the machine and tools to do reverse engineering on the xbox controller proprietary 2.4Ghz protocol and you must have xbox 360 itself to see what goes on between Xbox 360 and the xBox controller. The time and money spent on these tools(hardware and software) aren't worth it. 

The easiest way to do this is to buy the xbox controller receiver, Arduino USB shield and you can easily use your xbox 360 controller with your Arduino.