SD-Card-Module doesnt work with external power supply Problem description

I am trying to build a datalogger with an Arduino UNO. I have connected a SD card module to the Arduino. I have planned to catch the measurement data from the analog input pins. Everything works fine if connected to the usb port. But if I run the Arduino over an external power supply, the SD.open-method fails (It simply returns false).
The problem occurs even, if I connect the external power supply additional to the USB connection. So the problem can't be a missing serial connection.

Note that the problem only occurs, if SD.open is in WRITE-mode.
(File dataFile = SD.open("datalog.txt", FILE_WRITE);)

What I've already tried:


running the SD-card example code, which is included in the SD card library.
trying different types of file-system formattings (FAT, FAT32, with different cluster-sizes)
powering the sd-card reader with 3.3V instead of 5V


Arduino wiring

Look at the pictures to check if there are some mistakes with the wiring:



Specifications of the power supply

And here are the specifications of the power supply:


Manufacturer: MyVolts
Model: DD282MU
Input: 100-240V (AC) - 50-60 Hz
Output: 9V, 1A (DC)




I hope you can help me with my problem. And of course, I hope there is a solution for the problem at all. Thank you.
Okay, thank you all for your efforts.

Finally, after changing the PSU and connecting the Arduino to another usb-port without operating system, I found the solution.

The problem was the SD-Card itself:
I swapped the SD-card with a newer (maybe more expensive(?)) one and it just works now. No matter if you connect the Arduino with the PSU or over an usb connection.
My assumption is, that there could be a different clock speed of the sd-card module on different voltages, which causes the problem. The old sd-card can't handle the fast speed and runs into an error (or just rejects it) on a write attempt...

Anyway, thank you again for your efforts!