Using usb port to communicate with standalone atmega328p circuit noob here 

So I managed to get my circuit to be a standalone circuit (as pictured below). I want to use this circuit as an input to a game on my computer. What I want to know is could this micro-usb breakout board https://www.diyelectronics.co.za/store/breakout-boards/2414-micro-usb-power-switch-breakout-module.html
 be used to communicate with the computer. Where would the data pins (d+/d-) connect to the atmega328?

Any help will be most appreciated
The ATmega328 does not have any native USB capability, so there is nowhere appropriate to connect D+/D- to the ATmega328.

Assuming you are emulating an Arduino Uno, then something like this:

https://www.jaycar.com.au/arduino-compatible-usb-to-serial-adaptor-module/p/XC4464

is what will come closest to mimicking the USB function on an Uno (ie a serial connection).

This shows how such a device would be connected:

https://www.jaycar.com.au/usb-serial-converter