Arithmetic types in Arduino I'm looking for a complete list of the arithmetic types in the Arduino framework.
On the Internet I found various incomplete lists: sometimes there is short, sometimes word, but other types are missing.

Could someone please provide an exhaustive list of the arithmetic data types in Arduino, including the C/C++ types and the Arduino-defined types (or aliases, e.g. the one created among others in Arduino.h with typedef uint8_t byte;) with a short description? If two types are identical please include both names in the list but making clear that they are the same.
The Arduino "language" is actually C/C++. GNU GCC and tool chain are used. The Arduino IDE uses a preprocessor to make it easier for beginners by removing some of the C/C++ requirements such as forward declaration of functions.

The GNU AVR GCC data types and representation, and the answer to your question can be found on the project Wiki page; https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/avr-gcc

For C/C++ there are build-in data types but also a set of standards. One of the standard header files with data types is stdint.h. http://www.nongnu.org/avr-libc/user-manual/group__avr__stdint.html

Arduino.h and additional header files within the Arduino core libary contains the extensions or redefinitions made. The complete reference list; https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage

Cheers!