Can I use the microchip of Arduino Uno as a standalone microcontroller I want use the ATmega328P chip of the Arduino Uno board as a standalone device.

Is that possible?
Which pins are which on the Arduino board and the ATmega328P?
Do I need any external components?
Yes it's possible. To use the ATmega328P to &quot;emulate&quot; an Arduino Uno board (without the USB part) you just need 3 ou 4 additional components: the oscillator, two capacitors and a resistor. Please take a look at: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples/ArduinoToBreadboard for a schematic/breadboard.
The Atmega328P features itself the memory, cpu and flash so those components are already inside the chip. You can find the relation of the pins in this image: