Issue with Arduino car bot, the servo motor moves randomly also it turns hot pretty quickly I trying to create an Arduino avoiding obstacle car. Using Arduino Uno +shield (sensor sheild v5.0). The problem is that when I upload the code, the servo moves randomly (it doesn't rotate to the right) and becomes hot quickly, it is an SG90 with 5v. I have already checked several times and the hardware seems all right.

I have tried to change the angle of the servo, checked the pins several times - uploaded the code many times I have also used serial.prints. researched on the internet.


#include &lt;NewPing.h&gt;        //Ultrasonic sensor function library. You must install this library

//our L298N control pins
const int LeftMotorForward = 5;
const int LeftMotorBackward = 4;
const int RightMotorForward = 1;
const int RightMotorBackward = 0;

//sensor pins
#define trig_pin A1 //analog input 1
#define echo_pin A2 //analog input 2

#define maximum_distance 200
boolean goesForward = false;
int distance = 100;

NewPing sonar(trig_pin, echo_pin, maximum_distance); //sensor function
Servo servo_motor; //our servo name

void setup(){

  pinMode(RightMotorForward, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LeftMotorForward, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LeftMotorBackward, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RightMotorBackward, OUTPUT);

  servo_motor.attach(11); //our servo pin

  servo_motor.write(90);
  delay(2000);
  distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
  distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
  distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
  distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
}

void loop(){

  int distanceRight = 0;
  int distanceLeft = 0;
  delay(50);

  if (distance &lt;= 20){
    moveStop();
    delay(300);
    moveBackward();
    delay(400);
    moveStop();
    delay(300);
    distanceRight = lookRight();
    delay(300);
    distanceLeft = lookLeft();
    delay(300);

    if (distance &gt;= distanceLeft){
      turnRight();
      moveStop();
    }
    else{
      turnLeft();
      moveStop();
    }
  }
  else{
    moveForward(); 
  }
    distance = readPing();
}

int lookRight(){  
  servo_motor.write(10);
  delay(500);
  int distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
  servo_motor.write(90);
  return distance;
}

int lookLeft(){
  servo_motor.write(170);
  delay(500);
  int distance = readPing();
  delay(100);
  servo_motor.write(90);
  return distance;
  delay(100);
}

int readPing(){
  delay(70);
  int cm = sonar.ping_cm();
  if (cm==0){
    cm=250;
  }
  return cm;
}

void moveStop(){

  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, LOW);
}

void moveForward(){

  if(!goesForward){

    goesForward=true;

    digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, HIGH);

    digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, LOW);
    digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, LOW); 
  }
}

void moveBackward(){

  goesForward=false;

  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, LOW);

}

void turnRight(){

  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, LOW);

  delay(500);

  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, LOW);



}

void turnLeft(){

  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, LOW);

  delay(500);

  digitalWrite(LeftMotorForward, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorForward, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(LeftMotorBackward, LOW);
  digitalWrite(RightMotorBackward, LOW);
}


Expected to the servo to rotate 90 degrees, but right now the servo is moving randomly.
I think you need to do some rigorous testing of the individual functions of your bot.

Step 1: rename your loop function to "loop_temp" which means it won't run, but it will be retained for later.

Step 2: write a new "loop" function, which sets the LeftMotorForward for 1 second, then stop for 1 second.  And observe the results. 

Step 3: repeat Step 2 with LeftMotorBackward, RightMotorForward, etc

Step 4: using serial print, experiment with the output from the sonar to make sure it's delivering the expected results.

Step 5: one at a time introduce your functions and ensure they are each working properly.

Step 6: hopefully you've discovered a bug/fault somewhere, and you can re-introduce your original "loop" function.  Otherwise that function may be the issue.

I've had a look at your code, but don't see anything obviously amiss.  So I'm afraid it may be a process of elimination.