Separability vs. Resolution - Synonymous terms? In terms of discrete representation of a variable, let's say time measurements in absolute values in [seconds], is there a difference between separability and resolution? When do speak of either aspect? Or are those terms used synonymously?


  Example: Measuring arrival time of two physically distinct flights
  landing, are there examplary different contexts, in which we would
  distinguish between time separability of flight arrival times and time
  resolution?
Most technical terms, such as these two, do not get their definitions purely from their etymology, but rather from the context of application, by experience and by tradition of acceptance. 

And for this case, your understanding of separability as the allowence (or ability) of someone to distinguish between two closest time of arrivals seems a synonym to the more classical term resolution in your context. Nevertheless, they will (and can) take their absolute precise definitions only when they are given mathematical expressions to be quantified...

Note that, in multi-dimensional signal processing, the term separability assumes a completely different meaning too, and which is not related to the discussion here...