Is there any research work on the possible data structures that can be used to represent an architectural design of a building? I am looking for a data structure, that can be used for description of a floor plan of a building. Its not about the format, I am asking about any other way to describe the floor plan of building, rather than in traditional map-based structure, preferably in some sort of tree or graph based structure, which can be derived from a text based description of the house.
DXF in computer aided design should already allow this representation. I would suggest you to check the format and adapt your data structures accordingly.

Check the data structures in LibDWG and LibDXF.