What Is the Purpose of Bundle Adjustment? So, my understanding of stereovision is that you essentially have two cameras. Then, offline, you perform camera calibration with checkerboards to get intrinsic camera properties as well as the geometric transformation between cameras. Then, you can take a stereo pair of images, find the disparity map, and using some geometric constraints, can find the 3D positions of points in the scene.

I've read recently about "bundle adjustment" and that it should be performed at the very end? What's the purpose?
If all you want is to reconstruct a scene from a pair of images from a pair of calibrated stereo cameras, and your calibration is sufficiently accurate, then you do not need bundle adjustment. 

You do need bundle adjustment if you want to reconstruct a scene from a sequence of images or for a sequence of stereo pairs, where the camera poses in each view are unknown. Search for "structure from motion" and "visual odometry".