Maximum Throughput of QAM system Consider a QAM system designed to transmit over a bandwidth of $3 \ \mathrm{kHz}$. The channel's power constraint imposes a maximum $\mathrm{SNR}$ of $30 \ \mathrm{dB}$. The system can tolerate a probability of error of $10^{−6}$. I want to determine the maximum throughput of the system in bits per second.

Let's call the throughput $T$. If $M$ is the constellation size and $"$ is the bandwidth, then I know that $T=MW$. I've calculated the value of $M$ using theformula $$M = \log_2 \left( 1 - \frac{1.5\mathrm{SNR}}{\ln(p_e)}\right)$$ Then I approximated $M$ to the nearest power of $2$, which is $8$.
Therefore, $T = 24000 \ \mathrm{\frac{bits}{sec}}$
but it is a wrong answer. Can anyone tell me what I have done wrong?
When $\log_2(M)$ is even, the relationship betweeen BER and QAM if an AWGN channel is given as below (Assuming Gray coding so that a symbol error in most cases is one bit error):

\begin{align}
k&amp;=\log_2(M)\\
y &amp;= 10^{\frac{SNR}{10}}\\
P_e&amp;=\frac{4}{k}\frac{\sqrt{M}-1}{2\sqrt{M}}\textrm{erfc}\left(\frac{\sqrt{3k\frac{y}{M-1}}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)
\end{align}

Using the above formula to solve for $y$ given your SNR and constellation $M$ should achieve the result you are looking for.

This is an excellent explanation for the derivation of the formula, specific to QAM.

And here is a nice summary by the same author for BER vs SNR of many different modulation schemes