Can you create multiple transactions per block in chronological order? Say I buy a coffee mug, a box of tea bags, and a half liter of honey in the span of five minutes using Bitcoin.

Since the Bitcoin network creates a block every ten minutes or so, these transactions will be within one single block.

Once the block containing the transactions is created can I use a blockchain explorer to view the transactions in chronological order?
Yes. The transactions will be in the correct order chronologically, or else block validation would fail because there would be missing inputs to the transactions out of order. See Is there a fixed order for all transactions in the block chain?

Another way to do this is to see which previous outputs each transaction references. If they are in the same block, they will reference each other and you can determine order that way. See also Can multiple transactions transferring the same bitcoin be done in one block?. You cannot use a timestamp, because the block is what is timestamped, so all transactions in the block have the same timestamp.