What type of fork is Litecoin? Is Litecoin classified as either a hard fork or soft fork? If neither, what is considered as?
It's considered a source code fork, or an altcoin, neither a hard fork nor soft fork of bitcoin. To be classified as a soft/hard fork, it should share some of the same chain from the genesis block. LN has a completely different chain right from the start so it's not a fork of the bitcoin chain.

Note that even coins sharing the same chain as bitcoin from the genesis block, e.g. BCH, are not considered hard forks by most people because they are not "bitcoin". They are generally termed "forkcoins"