How many types of mining pool are exist for bitcoin or litecoin? I would like to know exactly how is the type of different Bitcoin or litecoin pool ?!

For example when you have P2POOL , it can be getwork or stratum but they are protocol ?!

In some pool like BTCGuild when you mine, the reward will be added instantly but in P2POOL takes time to see the reward in you wallet.
The pools are mostly distinguished by:


fees: how much the pool charges workers
size: the larger the pool, the smaller the variance of your payouts
payout style: pay per share, pay per last N shares, etc.
location: do they have a server near you (extra latency will mean less mining work accepted and a lower payout)


As you guessed, getwork, long poll, stratum, etc. are not types of pools, but rather types of protocols for getting mining work from the pools. Some pools support more than one type of protocol.

You can see a nice comparison of various BTC mining pools here:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Comparison_of_mining_pools