Programming Languages used Is there a reference that can give me information on the programming languages used in Blockchain development?

For example, Bitcoin is C++, Ethereum makes use of C++, Golang and Python, whilst its smart contracts are based usually on Solidity, Serpent and LLL.

What about other (more enterprise based) implementations? Ripple, Hyperledger, Quorum, Multichain, Monax.
I think you are confusing some things here. A blockchain like Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, or Hyperledger is a protocol in first place. And a protocol is agnostic to programming languages used.

What you are relating to are reference implementations of the protocol. The Bitcoin protocol has the famous Bitcoin implementation (later Bitcoin Core) initially written by Satoshi Nakamoto in C++. But there are so much more clients available in so much more programming languages.

Ethereum, for instance, has three reference implementations, the Eth client in C++, the Geth client in Go-Lang, and the PyEthApp in Python. And there are even more implementations in Rust, Ruby, etc. available.

I could go on with the other blockchains you mentioned, but you get the idea. A protocol can be implemented in any suitable language if desired. If you want an exotic example, have a look at Lisk which tries to build the full blockchain stack in pure JavaScript.