Is the concept of paid prioritization in blockchain against net neutrality? Since there are so many discussion about net neutrality, this triggered the question, especially since usually the proponents of blockchain and cryptocurrencies are also big proponents of net neutrality.

At least at first glance it seems true to me, the transaction fees present in most blockchain implementations => paid prioritization => no network neutrality.

Maybe there is some economic perspective that I am missing that makes this not true, or maybe that at least it resolves all the problems usually associated with an absence of net neutrality.
It has nothing to do with net neutrality. 
The concept of paying more for faster service isn’t against net neutrality. It’s part of internet providers strategy for years and it’s ok as long as the speed is the same for every website or internet service you want to connect. Problem with net neutrality arises, when your provider differentiate the access to internet websites and services basing on which plan you have. So, for example I can imagine that provider makes only Facebook and YouTube working fast, but GitHub will be a lot slower (but if you buy special “developer” offer for 100$ then the speed is back to normal). This will be against net neutrality.

I would rather look at the fees in crypto currencies from the perspective different bank wire transfers. There may be standard transfers (cheaper) and express transfers (more costly but faster). There is no differentiation between clients and to whom you send money.