Whats the use of QR-codes during wallet to wallet transfer? I want to know hen the QR-code scanning actually takes place. For instance, if I send my wallet address to someone, how does the person verify that the sender is me, and what do I need to do as soon as I receive the bitcoins in my wallet? Is there any point where I need to scan the QR-code?
The QR code is simply a convenient way of sharing an address, to avoid having to type it.  It encodes exactly the same information as the alphanumeric address and provides no additional security.  If you have another way of giving someone an address (e.g. sending it to them by email), there is no need to use a QR code at all.

How the other person verifies that the address is yours is something that you have to solve for yourself; Bitcoin itself doesn't provide features to help with this.  For instance, you could send the address via a PGP signed email, or make it available on an HTTPS website, or ask the person to telephone you and verify the address.  But it is an important issue; if an attacker impersonates you and the other person pays their address instead of yours, the attacker will get the coins and there will be nothing anyone can do about it.

There is nothing you need to do after receiving coins.