Ripple Distributed Consensus Algorithm What kind of a Consensus Algorithms does ripple use? Is that a leader or leaderless distributed consensus algorithm? Then what?
It's leaderless.

A validator begins a consensus round when it has either at least one unconfirmed transaction it thinks is valid, the idle time has expired, or it sees enough validators it trusts have begun a consensus round. Each participating validator makes an initial proposal listing the transactions it believes should be applied in the current round. The servers avalanche to consensus.

If there are conflicting transactions, all cases are handled. If just one gets in the round, it is applied and the other is forever invalid. If both do, a determinstic algorithm determines which is applied first and the other fails. If neither do, a deterministic algorithm determines which is announced in the next round so there should be an agreement in that round.

Because Byzantine failure is possible, validators build the next ledger at the end of the round and then broadcast a signed validation of that ledger. Seeing a supermajority of trusted validators sign validations for the same ledger assures that an actual consensus was reached. (If there was no real consensus due to Byzantine failure, the network simply tries again.)

The avalanche algorithm is designed so that minimal overlap of trust is required. Essentially, if there's no reason a transaction shouldn't be included, every honest node should agree to include it. If there's any reason a transaction shouldn't be included, there's no harm done in excluding it. (So long as it's included in the next round if it's still valid.)