Is there is any 12 word wallet recovery passphrase in bitcoin core How can i get wallet recovery passphrase of wallet.dat file. So that even if the wallet got corrupted or lost i can recover entire wallet using recovery passphrase. 

Also i can't find any recovery passpharse command in API call list (https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_calls_list).
No, there is not. Bitcoin Core does not use BIP39.