Can I receive detailed tx data via command line using only a lightclient? I recently tried to sync the Bitcoin blockchain, but my laptop does not have enough space on it. I want to be able to analyze UTXOs and raw transaction data. 

Will a lightclient allow me to do this?
No. Lightweight wallets are designed specifically only for the wallet user. It only stores transactions and UTXOs relevant to the wallet. It will not store any historical data or data that does not pertain to the wallet, so it is useless for trying to retrieve any arbitrary transaction.