I sent myself a test BitCoin, now what? I don't see it, how long do I wait? I just created this, sending myself 0.01 BitCoin:

https://tbtc.bitaps.com/b3e8e7dbe13c9939fc3157bef7725282d12594a0e8d14fa73493624ae394f314/mqRkjQjSCCVmsmBzsEQYhwCHEdz9dXRUwW


I've waited for 5 minutes so far and have been checking but nothing:

$ bitcoin-cli -testnet getwalletinfo
{
  "walletname": "",
  "walletversion": 169900,
  "balance": 0.00000000,
  "unconfirmed_balance": 0.00000000,
  "immature_balance": 0.00000000,
  "txcount": 0,
  "keypoololdest": ...,
  "keypoolsize": 999,
  "keypoolsize_hd_internal": 1000,
  "paytxfee": 0.00000000,
  "hdseedid": "...",
  "private_keys_enabled": true
}
$ bitcoin-cli -testnet getbalance
0.00000000
$ bitcoin-cli -testnet getunconfirmedbalance
0.00000000
The transaction has more than enough confirmation, so if it doesn't show up, it's probably because your node hasn't catch up with the network yet. 

Watch out though, looking at the numbers in your comment up there, the block height is the mainnet one, testnet figures would be a lot higher. Your transaction has been mined on block 1,584,207.

If this is so, it's totally normal your transaction doesn't show up in Bitcoin Core as they are two distinct networks. You should turn off your node with bitcoin-cli stop, and turn it back on on testnet with bitcoind -testnet. It might take some time if your node need to sync on testnet (but it's usually far faster than mainnet).