bitaddress.org: is the public key the same as the Bitcoin address? For paper wallets generated at bitaddress.org, are the public keys and BTC addresses the same thing?
No, they're not the same thing. Paper wallets are not generated differently as/in to comparison to normal wallets.
a bitcoin adress is part of a public key.

The address is at its most basic just a hash of the public key. The hash functions involved (RIPEMD-160 and SHA256) are cryptographic hash functions. They are often also referred to as one-way functions, which is exactly the reason why you cannot derive the public key from the address.
Oneway functions provide exactly that a = f(pk) so that given a you cannot derive pk.

So, an adress is basically the hash of a public key. x/x
Some good more indepth explanations of the differences here -&gt; https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/3filud/whats_the_difference_between_public_key_and/ctp3fc7/?st=jald5nmq&amp;sh=620d5934
And, how the adress is derived from the public key is explained here -&gt;
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Technical_background_of_version_1_Bitcoin_addresses