How do I find out what the latest protocol version is? How do I find out what version Protocol specification is describing?
As of october 2013, the protocol version is 70001. It's not linked anymore to client versions (so it doesn't correspond to version 0.7.0.1 in particular; 70001 was introduced in 0.8.0), and is intended to go up in increments of one, as changes specified in BIPs are implemented.