What is OpenGL's paradigm? OpenGL is not object-oriented, but more like "switches you turn on"?

Like

glEnable(...);
list_id = glGenLists(1);
glNewList(list_id, GL_COMPILE);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
...


It seems like one's turning on switches on some machine which is contained somewhere, but it isn't seen as an object in object-oriented sense?

Is there a name for this kind of programming or library paradigm?

I'm using it from C++, but perhaps the way it's used is "C-style"?
It's generally referred to as a "state machine". It has, as you noticed, a bunch of switches and parameters. All of them are globally accessible to any code that has access to the current context. Your program sets them and then issues draw calls. Anything you don't change, will remain in that state until you do change it. 

It is also a Hardware Abstraction. The same OpenGL routines should have roughly the same effect regardless of the hardware it's running on. If you upload 3 vertices for a triangle and then draw them, that should produce similar results on an ATI, Nvidia, or Intel GPU, for example. You don't need machine-specific instructions for each one.