Energy levels of electrons Energy levels of electrons

Electrons are ordered into "shells". However, sometimes electrons get excited, for example by heat, and leave their shell to go to another! These electrons will go back at some point, but they cannot go back to their original shell without emitting energy in the form of radio waves.

For example, the energy levels for hydrogen look like this:



The base energy level of an electron in hydrogen is at n = 1. If it gets 'excited', it might go to n = 4. However, on the way back, the electron does not always simply go from n = 4 to n = 1, it has different options. See the example.

Task

Write a program or function that takes an integer and outputs the amount of options the electron has to get back to its un-excited state. For this task, you can take granted that an electron can only emit energy from its excited state. It will not get more energy once it has been excited.

This is code-golf, the answer with the least amount of bytes wins.

If you are interested in these type of questions, check out this similar question. Also check out this for more info on these matters.

Input

The input of your function/program is a whole integer. It is greater than 0 and less than 2^31.

Output

An integer, the amount of options the electron has to return to its original state, which is n = 1 (for hydrogen). When the input is 1, return 0, as it is already in its original energy level.

Examples

Input: 4
Output: 4


Because the options are:

4 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 1
4 -&gt; 3 -&gt; 1
4 -&gt; 2 -&gt; 1
4 -&gt; 1


Visualised:
Pyth, 5 bytes
/^2Q4

I integer-divide by 4 instead of subtracting two from the power and flooring.