How do you prove an encryption scheme is IND-CPA or IND-CCA? I know for proving a scheme is not IND-CPA or not IND-CCA you can construct an Adversary which has an unfair advantage in an experiment/game, but how would you prove a scheme is IND-CPA or IND-CCA?
As SEJPM said in his comment: one proceeds by contrapositive, first suppose that such an adversary with an unfair advantage exists and use that adversary to break a well known assumption, e.g.: the adversary can be used to factorise a large composite integer (as defined in RSA). 

As of today, we have no efficient algorithm to factorise large composite integers, even after years of research spent trying to achieve this. So from this it is safe to assume that the problem is hard, and that no such adversary exists. The scheme is IND-CPA or IND-CCA secure, because if it was not, an adversary breaking the scheme will break this well known problem. 

The next step is to proceed by transforming an instance of the well known problem (a composite integer to be factored) into an instance of the scheme, if the adversary is able to break the scheme with a non-negligible advantage, it will also inadvertently solve the hard problem, this is a contradiction as we have assumed the problem to be hard.