Does Benford's law hold against encrypted data? If I can assume that the output of a block cipher like AES is a PRandom distribution, can I assume that Benford's law will hold if I partition that output into integer data?
No, Benford's law does not hold.

As a simple example, assume a block size of $8$ bits, so the values are uniformly distributed in the half-open interval $[0, 256)$. Benford's law predicts that the probability of a leading digit occurring is strictly decreasing for increasing digits. However, it's easy to see that values leading with any digit $d \geq 3$ is equally likely.

For $d=3$, the only choices are $x \in [30, 39]$ and $x = 3$, while for $d=4$ the choices are $x \in [40, 49]$ and $x = 4$, and so on for every $d \geq 3$. All of these have exactly $10 + 1 = 11$ choices that occur with equal probability. This contradicts Benford's law's prediction that the probability is strictly decreasing. 

We do have a higher chance of $d=1$ and $d=2$, but this is strictly because of the choice of our base. If we chose a base $b$ such that $b^k = 256$ for some integer $k$, then every leading digit is equally likely.