Can adding bad entropy to good entropy, make a system insecure? For example, 

If I needed to generate a random number. I use a good source of entropy to generate r.

Then I add values a, b and c whom are generated from bad entropy such that new entropy = r + a + b + c 

How would the overall entropy look like?

The plus sign means to add and not concatenate. I believe that if we concatenated, then this would lead to an overall bad entropy because if we assume that each a,b,c,r each contribute 64 bits to 256 bits of entropy. We would in reality only have 64 bits of good entropy from r. This is my intuition with concatenation.
If you have a variable with maximal entropy, and you combine it with an independent variable with less entropy using Xor or modular addition you will still have maximal entropy.

If you have two independent variables with low entropy and you combine them in the above fashion the result will be a variable with more entropy than either the original ones

If however the variables are correlated all bets are off. Even combining two maximal entropy variables may result in 0 entropy (constant variable ) when adding/xoring them.