What is the cryptography job market like these days? The security field seems to have jobs aplenty, but what about cryptography specifically? Is the field ridiculously difficult to break into, even with a relevant degree, or are industry/government/academia recruiting as heavily as industry is of software developers? 

I already know of iacr.org/jobs. If that is an accurate representation of research jobs in cryptography, that particular area of cryptography doesn't look too good. 

Is the government really the only game in town in terms of realistically getting a cryptography-related job, or is the job-to-competition ratio not too bad for industry jobs in cryptography?  

(Sorry if I'm not supposed to post questions like this here, but I didn't see any mention of a ban on it. workplace.stackexchange just didn't seem specific enough to warrant good answers to this question. Also, I don't consider this an opinion-based question. The current supply and demand for cryptographers is a knowable, concrete fact, even if most people have only a vague sense of it rather than hard statistics.)
There is a no single variety of "cryptography job". iacr.jobs is very small representation 


If you have an academic degree (like PhD in Crypto/Maths/TOC) then
very much your area of thesis might help finding a PostDoc/Asst Proff
types job for this you need to search for Universities that do work
in similar area. 
You may get general faculty types position too in
their Security group if one exists usually in a Univ below your
Graduating Univ's ranking. This could be both theoretical
cryptography work or practical (systems level security) types work
depending upon your thesis etc.
Few industry associated research labs to hire crypto &amp; security scientists they need academic qualifications like PhD too.
If you have industrial experience working on cryptographic libraries (open
source or proprietary) then you may get typical software engineering roles in C, CPP, Java with expertise in cryptography like projects that involve key management, PKI, Kerberos, SSL, Hashing, AES, protocol implementations etc.
There might be some jobs which are not explicitly advertised as cryptography jobs but may be part of larger projects that has security elements in it and you may get to work at API level calls to cryptography.
You could also be independent researcher/consultant types but you need street credentials there too like rockstar status those who found heartbleed type bugs, given blackhat/defcon type talks etc. Modern Ransomware research too needs good understanding of cryptography in order to breakupon those malware and provide decryption tools. 


Note : By large it depends on what qualifications and work experience you have. Without both entry level jobs are almost rare in this niche field.