Why is the market for cryptographic primitives non-commercialized? There are not many successful companies in cryptographic primitives market. Certicom holds many patents attached to the ECC. RSA Security probably made some profits from the patent. Are there more examples?
Why do people, scientists not try to commercialize their achievements, despite the fact that they could do so, especially under patent protection? I know it's harder to sell a product when most solutions are free. I know that a patent can makes it difficult to adopt technology in this market.
Nevertheless, it is still not clear to me why such powerful and universally useful technologies are being developed and made available in a charitable way.
Are there more examples?

About the only other example I can think of is Cryptography Research Inc (now owned by Rambus); however what they sell is methods of implementing primitives (in ways that are resistant to side channel attacks); however those operate just like the standard primitives, so that might not count.

Why do people, scientists not try to commercialize their achievements, despite the fact that they could do so, especially under patent protection.

They could certainly try; however they are quite unlikely to succeed.  A large part of the crypto community is quite allergic to anything patented (unless that patented has been released for all uses); unless what they have is considerably better than the alternatives, it'll not be used at all (and so the patent fees will be for nothing).

I know that a patent can makes it difficult to adopt technology in this market.

Think: close to near impossible.  Consider the case of OCB; it might be a bit better than the competing competitors as a way to do authenticated encryption (e.g. GCM); however GCM was patent free and OCB was not, no one uses OCB.
Yes, if someone did have (say) a practical FHE method (say, with homomorphic multiplication only 1,000 times slower than an unencrypted multiplication), you could make a mint (because there is nothing else able to come close to that); however this side of such a radical improvement, people will look for unencumbered alternatives (and be able to find them)
And, while we're on the subject: I believe Certicom's patenting (and aggressive threats of lawsuits) on some implementation methods for ECC (they certainly did not own the concept of ECC) slowed down the adoption of ECC by several years; certainly, the company I was with refused to touch it until the patent scenario was resolved.  Yes, Certicom did make some money; however I don't believe this was a net plus for the crypto community...