How are salt values more secure? If a database stores password encrypted by using salt values, how are they stored?

I read somewhere, it uses timestamps. 
So is the timestamp also stored?

How about when a user tries to login next time, then how are timestamps considered?
Salts are generally stored in the database with the password.

They shouldn't be timestamps, salts should be random values of 128 bits or more (though this may vary depending on the hashing scheme used.)

Salts improve security by making brute force attempts single-use: a password of "password" is likely going to be used many, many times. If it's hashed without a salt, then an attacker will instantly know which users used "password" as their password when they hash it. By hashing it with a per-user random salt an attacker will need to try at least one guess for each user, and hopefully several guesses. So salts help protect users who reuse passwords (there aren't that many hashing schemes) and users who choose bad passwords (attackers have to try all the bad passwords with each salt, instead of just trying them once.)