Is there any cryptographic scheme with block size more than 128 bit I am asking this question out of curiosity if there are any cryptographic algorithm that has a block length more that 128 bit. I am new to cryptography and I didn't know any. AES 128, 192, 256 all have same block length of 128 bit. Also if the answer is 'NO' then what can be the possible challenges of having larger block size. Thanks a lot in advanced for your help.
In the designs, smaller block size typically results in better implementations (though, the extent of this may vary on the paradigm and the instruction set, e.g. ARX ciphers). That is, encrypting two 64-bit blocks would be faster than encrypting one 128-bit block (with the same key size and estimated security). Roughly speaking, diffusion and confusion happen much faster.
However, 64-bit blocks have issues in modes which have birthday-bound attacks (see https://sweet32.info/ ). So 128-bit block size is the most &quot;optimal&quot; choice.