Existential unforgeability vs strong unforgeability In the article https://crypto.stanford.edu/~dabo/pubs/papers/strongsigs.pdf there are two definitions for the security of a digital signature scheme: existential unforgeability and strong unforgeability. The difference is that while in the "existential" condition is fulfiled only if the attacker cannot forge a signature on a message he did not ask the signature for. in the case of "strong" he even cannot generate another signature for a message he already ask for. So, is there an example to a signature scheme which is "existential" unforgable but not strong unforgeble?
It is easy to construct a signature scheme that is existentially unforgeable but not strong. All you have to do is add a bit to the end of a strong scheme, and ignore it upon verification. This enables an attacker to flip a bit and have the new signature accepted. In some "real" settings this arises as well. For example, with ECDSA, a signature $(r,s)$ can be modified to $(r,q-s)$ and it will still be accepted (where $q$ is the group order). This can be prevented by forcing $s&lt;q/2$, but the original signature is indeed not strong.