Cryptography scheme to prove you really are the author for something Say I'm a researcher like Satoshi Nakamoto that wants to stay anonymous. I want to publish documents and sign them somehow. A few years, I want to reveal my identity and prove it was me who was Satoshi all along. 

Is there a cryptography scheme that can be used to achieve this?
The solution is easy if you have a Trusted Authority(TA). Assuming that there is no TA.
A direct digital signature can be a solution. However, how we can trust that Satoshi is not faking person $x$ by stealing his keys or he killed the person $x$ to steal the keys.
A solution
by using biometrics to uniquely identify the original person.
Satoshi follows the steps;

produces a private-public keys $k_{priv_s}, k_{pub_s}$  for his digital signatures.

he appends his biometric data; his fingerprint $fp_s$, his unique DNA code $dna_s$, and his iris $iris_s$ data to the document $d$.
$$author = d \| fp_s \| dna_s \| iris_s $$

$Sign(k_{priv_s},author)$ by using digital signature standard.

Adds the signature and $k_{pub_s}$ to the document before print.

Secretly publishes the document.


So that, when a person showed up with the signature key to reveal himself, the others have to look at the biometric data to match.
The entropies;
Possible values: O’Gorman,L., Comparing Passwords, Tokens, and Biometrics
for User Authentication;

A biometric doesn’t have a fixed number of possible values. Theoretically, the keyspace of biometrics such as fingerprints is unlimited because if you could measure the continuous signal with infinite precision, no two would be the same. But, one could say the same for passwords, that if you allowed the password length to be unlimited, you’d also have an unlimited keyspace


Fingerprints; Young et. al, Entropy of Fingerprints;

The average number of minutiae present in each image was 28.02. Therefore, dividing the entropy of 55.02 bits by the average minutiae of 28.02, each minutia provides 1.963 bits of entropy.



Note: Fingerprint copying; I've found only this, it is easy to detect it when there are observers.
Note: I changed the key generation from biometrics. Some of them are not exactly reliable.


Claims to be the Satoshi

nChain chief scientist Craig S. Wright that he created Bitcoin. But it is debunked and the claims are called nonsense.