Why are RSA key sizes almost always a power of two? I know that other bit sizes are possible, e.g. this HTTPS server seems to have a 9000 bit key https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=qqq.gg, but it's very rare that one sees a key not of size 1024, 2048, 4096, etc. bits in common usage - what is the reason for this? Is it just customary, or is there a cryptographic advantage?
In RSA, the bit size $n$ of the public modulus $N$ is often of the form $n=c\cdot2^k$ with $c$ a small odd integer. $c=1$ ($n=512$, $1024$, $2048$, $4096$.. bit) is most common, but $c=3$ ($n=768$, $1536$, $3072$.. bit) and $c=5$ ($n=1280$..) are common. One reason for this is simply to limit the number of possibilities, and similar progressions are found everywhere in cryptography, and often in computers where binary rules (e.g. size of RAM).

The difficulty of factoring (thus, as far as we know, the security of RSA in the absence of side-channel and padding attacks) grows smoothly with $n$. But the difficulty of computing the RSA public and private functions grows largely stepwise as $n$ increases (more on why in the next paragraph). The values of $n$ just below a step is thus more attractive than the value just above a step: they are about as secure, but the later is more difficult/slow in actual use. And, not coincidentally, the common RSA modulus sizes are just below such steps.

One major factor creating a step is when one more word/storage unit becomes required to store a number. When the storage unit is $b$-bit, there is such step every $b$ bits for the RSA public function $x\mapsto x^e\bmod N$; and a step every $r\cdot b$ bits for the RSA private function $x\mapsto x^d\bmod N$, with $r=1$ for the naïve implementation, and $r$ equal to the number of factors of $N$ when using the CRT with factors of equal bit size (most usually $r=2$, but I have heard of plans up to $r=8$). On any modern general-purpose CPU suitable for RSA, $b$ is a power of two and at the very least $2^5$, creating a strong incentive that $n$ is at least a multiple of $2^6$ ($r=2$ is common, and the only reasonable choice for $n$ below about a thousand).Note: $n=1984=31\cdot2^6$ is not unseen in the field of Smart Cards, because the next multiple of $2^6$ would break the equivalent of a sound barrier in a common transport protocol, ISO/IEC 7816-3 T=0. For a list of common RSA modulus size in this field, search LENGTH_RSA_1984.

As an aside, it is significantly simpler to code quotient estimation in Euclidian division (something much used in RSA) when the number of bits of the divisor is known in advance. This creates an incentive to reduce the number of possible bit sizes for the modulus. The two simplest cases are when the number of bits is a multiple of $b$, and one more than a multiple of $b$; the former won.