Difference between one-way encryption, Transparent data encryption (TDE) and data encryption What is the main difference between one-way encryption, Transparent data encryption (TDE) and data encryption? If one needs to store passwords or credit card details in the DB, which one is best to use?

What I have understood from my search is that an example of one-way is hash, in this case is the password encrypted at storage or just hidden from the DBA? And that with TDE the data is encrypted at storage only, so is it more applicable to use one-way encryption rather than TDE to hide details from the DBA/users?
You are right that "one-way" thing is hash function, and in fact, it's not encryption at all! Password hashing is different from data/file hashing in that data/file hashing algorithms like SHA-256 are deterministic and (supposedly) efficient; whereas password hashing is in practice non-deterministic so as to deter various types of precomputation attacks. 

The difference you'll encounter with transparent data encryption and data encryption, is that TDE don't need you to rewrite your application to enjoy the benefit brought by encryption, where as data encryption on its own, requires processing data using cipher functions. Hence the name "transparent" data encryption. 

That's all you have to know for now, you're welcome to learn more if you can get your head around it.