Matching patterns in auditory signals How do people match audio signals from memory? For example, consider the simplest case where there is a single channel sound being applied to one headphone. If the subject was previously presented a set of audio signals and then has to identify if the presented signal was present in the set, what features do humans tend to focus on? Is amplitude (volume), frequency (pitch) or something else entirely? Alternatively, a reference to what this type of experiment is called would be appreciated.
I don't know if there is a name to this type of experiment, but this basically sounds like a test of recognition memory.

The features that subjects focus on would depend entirely on the task. If you ask them to match volume, they would pay attention to volume. If you ask them to detect a frequency match, they'll focus on pitch. If you run an experiment without specifying a feature, humans generally tend to weight the different features according to their reliability (signal-to-noise ratio). So if pitch is more informative in detecting a match, they would focus largely on pitch.

For example: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1026557704054