Personality Models: The Big Five, the Seven Deadly Sins, and? In Christian tradition, there are said to be "seven deadly sins": Lust, Gluttony, Greed, Sloth, Wrath, Envy, and Pride.

In Catholicism specifically, there are sometimes said to be seven virtues, each sin having an opposite: Chastity, Temperance, Charity, Diligence, Patience, Kindness, and Humility.

In a sense, this is a personality model. (Each sin/virtue duality can be thought of as a spectrum, with the sin lying at one end, and the virtue at the other. In the middle would be the "average" soul.)

In psychology, the "Big Five" traits come to mind, with the acronym "OCEAN": Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

What other major personality models are out there that use 3-9 axes (plural of axis) to describe an individual's personality?



Related questions that floated about:


The 7 Deadlies and Hormones/Receptors
Why are the Big 5 not orthogonal?
Connections between theories of personality




Other clues (quotes and links:)

Big Five Wiki on the context of the Big Five:


  The Big five personality traits was the model to comprehend the relationship between personality and academic behaviors.
  [...]  


Tao Te Ching, Chapter 15: 


  Hesitant, like crossing a wintry river
  Cautious, like fearing four neighbors
  Solemn, like a guest
  Loose, like ice about to melt
  Genuine, like plain wood
  Open, like a valley
  Opaque, like muddy water  


Wikipedia Article: "Facet" (Psychology), a concept within the Big Five personality model

Wikipedia Article: Six Values in Positive Psychology:


Wisdom and Knowledge
Courage
Humanity
Justice
Temperance
Transcendence


Neurotransmitter/Receptor types/systems:


Dopamine
Serotonin
Cannabinoid
GABA
Adrenergic (Epinephrine/Norepinephrine)
Nicotinic
???
Depending on your definition of 'personality model' there are plenty to choose from. 

I don't have any good overview of similarities and differences, which are tests more than models, or which are really two names on the same model. 


Big 5/5 factor model. 5x6 axes. Tests include NEO-PI, MMPI-2, IPIP ++.
Global 5. 5 axes
BELBIN 
Emneagram/RHETI
Hexaco
Holland COdes/RIASEC
Jung/MBTI/Kiersey/DISC, 16 PF, MENTI. 4 axes
MOTIV
R-Drive
Temperaments. 4 axes
Hartman. 4 axes
Kolb/Mumford 
Learning styles, Grasha­Riechmann styles, Dunn and Dunn styles, Canfield styles


Which ones you should focus on depends on what you are looking for. 

Big 5\NEO-PI-R is the most scientifically supported model, so I mostly keep to that one. The hard part about Big 5 is the number of traits total (30), which takes a while to really learn, understand and remember. 
MBTI is useful in learning theory about personality types, differences and traits, but it lacks scientific support. 
The others I haven't studied much yet. 

In general I think it's a good idea to use Big 5 as the base, and search for correlations with traits from Big 5.

Sources:

http://similarminds.com/personality_types.html
http://tcc.kcc.hawaii.edu/previous/TCC%202005/santo.pdf
http://www.personalityresearch.org/bigfive.html
http://hexaco.org/scaledescriptions