Do antidepressants provide a permanent solution for depression and anxiety? Antidepressants works temporarily (as long as you take them), and also affects the cognitive behaviour. Should they be seen as a permanent solution for depression? Shouldn't we find a solution at the psychosocial level, which actually works rather than suppressing the thoughts?
Your assumption that antidepressants works by "suppressing the thoughts" is not supported. Arguably it's quite the opposite. But let us not comment any further.

Now onto your question

Do anti depressant provide permanent solution for depression and anxiety?

At least for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), they normally do.


According to a brochure from the Boynton Health Service of the University of Minnesota:


  Once you respond to an antidepressant, we recommend that you
  continue to take the medication for at least six months. If you stop
  taking the antidepressant before six months have passed there is an
  increased chance that your depression will return. For depressions
  that have lasted a long time (a year or longer), or for a recurrent
  depression, longer periods of treatment should be considered. If you
  wish to discontinue your medication, we recommend that you do this
  during times of decreased demands, such as during breaks or during the
  summer months.
  
  Source: "Common Questions About Antidepressants" (2005) - page 2

According to an article available from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology healthcare service MIT Medical:


  Clinicians usually recommend that people continue taking
  antidepressants for about six months after they begin feeling better.
  Although it is tempting to stop taking the medication as soon as you
  feel better, abruptly stopping will greatly increase your risk of
  relapse.
  
  Source: "FAQ: Antidepressants" question #7: "How long should I continue to take antidepressants?"






From an article published by the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, doctor David Louis Dunner has this to say:


  According to the AHCPR Practice Guidelines(1) for the treatment of
  major depression, acute episodes of depression should be treated for
  almost a year and recurrent episodes should be treated somewhat
  longer.


However, Dr. John M. Zajecka states:


  Clinicians should perceive depression as potentially being a lifelong
  illness that may require treatment indefinitely in many patients
  rather than as an illness that can usually be cured with a single,
  short course of treatment like an antibiotic.


Dr. Michael Edward Thase notes:


  There is a difference between “forever” and “indefinitely.” In the
  future, treatments that target the altered pathologic mechanisms of
  recurrent depression may be available and may have a more curative
  effect than the present medications, which suppress illness activity.


While it's debatable whether all "present medications" simply suppress depressive symptoms, consider that this article was published in 2007.

--

Source: "Preventing Recurrent Depression: Long-Term Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder" - PMC 1911177. PMID 17388700.

References:

(1) Clinical Practice Guideline. Number 5: Depression in Primary Care, vol 2. Treatment of Major Depression. Rockville, Md: US Dept Health Human Services, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1993. AHCPR Publication 93-0551.





Last but not least, from Wikipedia:


  Studies have shown that 80% of those suffering from their first major
  depressive episode will suffer from at least 1 more during their
  life,(1) with a lifetime average of 4 episodes.(2) Other general
  population studies indicate that around half those who have an episode
  recover (whether treated or not) and remain well, while the other half
  will have at least one more, and around 15% of those experience
  chronic recurrence.(3) Studies recruiting from selective inpatient
  sources suggest lower recovery and higher chronicity, while studies of
  mostly outpatients show that nearly all recover, with a median episode
  duration of 11 months. Around 90% of those with severe or psychotic
  depression, most of whom also meet criteria for other mental
  disorders, experience recurrence.(4)(5)
  
  Recurrence is more likely if symptoms have not fully resolved with
  treatment. Current guidelines recommend continuing antidepressants for
  four to six months after remission to prevent relapse. Evidence from
  many randomized controlled trials indicates continuing antidepressant
  medications after recovery can reduce the chance of relapse by 70%
  (41% on placebo vs. 18% on antidepressant). The preventive effect
  probably lasts for at least the first 36 months of use.(6)
  
  Those people experiencing repeated episodes of depression require
  ongoing treatment in order to prevent more severe, long-term
  depression. In some cases, people must take medications for long
  periods of time or for the rest of their lives.(7)
  
  
  
  References:
  
  (1) Fava GA, Park SK, Sonino N (2006). "Treatment of recurrent
  depression.". Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 6 (11): 1735–1740.
  doi:10.1586/14737175.6.11.1735. PMID 17144786.
  
  (2) Limosin F, Mekaoui L, Hautecouverture S (2007). "Stratégies
  thérapeutiques prophylactiques dans la dépression unipolaire
  [Prophylactic treatment for recurrent major depression]". La Presse
  Médicale. 36 (11–C2): 1627–1633. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2007.03.032.
  PMID 17555914.
  
  (3) Eaton WW, Shao H, Nestadt G, Lee HB, Lee BH, Bienvenu OJ, Zandi P
  (2008). "Population-based study of first onset and chronicity in
  major depressive disorder". Archives of General Psychiatry. 65
  (5): 513–20. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.5.513. PMC 2761826.
  PMID 18458203.
  
  (4) Holma KM, Holma IA, Melartin TK, Rytsälä HJ, Isometsä ET (2008).
  "Long-term outcome of major depressive disorder in psychiatric
  patients is variable". Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 69 (2):
  196–205. doi:10.4088/JCP.v69n0205. PMID 18251627.
  
  (5) Kanai T, Takeuchi H, Furukawa TA, Yoshimura R, Imaizumi T,
  Kitamura T, Takahashi K (2003). "Time to recurrence after recovery
  from major depressive episodes and its predictors". Psychological
  Medicine. 33 (5): 839–45. doi:10.1017/S0033291703007827. PMID
  12877398.
  
  (6) Geddes JR, Carney SM, Davies C, Furukawa TA, Kupfer DJ, Frank E,
  Goodwin GM (2003). "Relapse prevention with antidepressant drug
  treatment in depressive disorders: A systematic review". Lancet. 361
  (9358): 653–61. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12599-8. PMID
  12606176.
  
  (7) "Major Depression". MedlinePlus. 10 March 2014. Retrieved 16
  July 2010.