What areas of mathematics support the study of cognitive science? Which areas of mathematics can be formally studied in a cognitive science major? Or: which areas of mathematics can support the study of brain. Some areas that seem relevant would be: mathematical logic, graph theory, linear algebra. Is any element of topology relevant? Please direct to links/sources if possible. Is network science being used in these fields? I am asking this question, as I want to study further in mathematics, and would love it if I could do so while pursuing cognitive science.
Here's my list of math subjects that support the study of brain (from a computational neuroscientist's perspective):


Linear algebra

to understand high dimensions, to compute things quickly, foundation for other math

Calculus

basics for everything continuous valued

Statistics

to analyze any data, you need stats!
basis for modeling, regression, clustering, classification, and all

Differential equations (basis for dynamical system)
Dynamical system

intuition for neural dynamics (deterministic approximation)
modeling single neuron, synapse, small network

Statistical physics

modeling large scale noisy neural dynamics

Information theory

quantify how much "information" is coded in neural signal

Numerical computation

your data and algorithm needs to be implemented in a computer

Convex optimization

your statistics/model requires optimization

Probability theory (basis for stochastic process and statistics)
Stochastic process

model of neural signals, decision process (diffusion), basis for advanced statistics
point process theory is useful for dealing with neural spike trains

Time series analysis (your data is a time series!)
Signal detection theory

psychophysics is often designed to be a detection task



Brain is quite noisy, you need tools to deal with noise. More applied math than pure math is needed.

I have only seen topology being used a handful of times, and they were not very useful nor impressive. I love set theory and mathematical logic, but sadly never used it nor seen it being used.

In addition, real/complex/functional analyses are also useful, just in general.