How does the brain compute sound localisation without the equations? What sort of computations are used for localising sound with the ears, and how does the brain compute the time difference between sounds reaching each ear? I am interested in the specific mechanisms rather than a general account.
Some neuroscience papers on sound localization:


Joris Philip X, Smith Philip H, and Yin Tom C.T Coincidence Detection in the Auditory System // Neuron (1998)
Agmon-Snir Hagai, Carr Catherine E. and Rinzel John The role of dendrites in auditory coincidence detection // Nature (1998)
Trussell Laurence O. Synaptic mechanisms for coding timing in auditory neurons // Annual Review of Physiology (1999)
Grothe B., Pecka M., &amp; McAlpine D. Mechanisms of Sound Localization in Mammals // Physiological Reviews (2010) 
Chen X, Leischner U, Rochefort NL, Nelken I, Konnerth A. Functional mapping of single spines in cortical neurons in vivo // Nature (2011) 


Books


Blauert, J.: Spatial hearing: the psychophysics of human sound localization; MIT Press (1983)
Schnupp, Nelken and King: Auditory Neuroscience: Making Sense of Sound, MIT Press, 2011