What is the difference between the structure and the conception of an empirical study in psychology? Can someone explain to me the difference between the structure of an empirical study in psychology and its conception? 

My interpretation is so far that structure means the test arrangement and conception the basic concept of how the study is designed. Would you agree?
The word Empirical means (emphasis mine):


Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic. (Oxford English Dictionary)

relying on experience or observation alone often without due regard for system and theory — an empirical basis for the theory — and capable of being verified or disproved by observation or experiment (Merriam-Webster)



One comment over in english.SE states

I could, eg, use some mathematical theorem as &quot;evidence&quot;, based purely on the fact that it's been &quot;proven&quot; mathematically, without any sort of practical test.

In order for Psychology to be scientific, it needs to have empirical evidence to back it up, and this is where the problem lies with some people.  As pointed out, if you stick to hard and fast rules on what constitutes a science, then most psychology will be considered pseudoscientific.
The top voted answer to Is psychology a science? states:

Clinical psychology is not technically a science, but an applied science, or in other words, a technology.

If you are a &quot;hard scientist&quot;, you will have problems with some aspects of psychology.