How, other than pharmacotherapy, can those diagnosed with thought disorders be treated? In general, major depressive disorder is treated with pharmacotherapy, and talk therapy, as well as other little things written below:

People know what the little things you can do if you're depressed are:


exercise often
make sure your eating is sufficient/not excessive 
make sure your sleep is sufficient/not excessive
don't engage in "depressive" behaviors such as isolation, rumination etc.
get involved more socially
separate yourself from stressful situations


But, I can't think of any of the little things associated with thought disorders, like schizophrenia...

For some reason the only thing I can think of is Cognitive Remedial Therapy...

What are the corresponding little things that are the counterpart of the list shown above for thought disorders?
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a unique skills training that consists of four modules: core mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness.  Originally, this set of therapeutic skills were developed as treatment for the extremely unmanageable Borderline Personality Disorder.  However, after immense success, the treatment group expanded vastly. 

The modules were carefully and specifically designed to help individuals manage their behaviors, emotions, and thoughts. Each module includes a number of 'little things' intended to assist the afflicted in their area of need. 

For example, the core mindfulness module teaches individuals to (with practice) slow their thoughts, bring themselves into the present moment, how to regain control of their thoughts by training the mind to focus on only one thing--on the one moment.  This particular training is typically introduced in the form of deep breathing exercises where the focus of the exercise is to think of only the breath entering and leaving the lungs/body.  

The other modules offer similar skillful training techniques specific to both the individual as well as the given module.  I imagine that you will find the answers you seek by delving into the curriculum, techniques, and purposes that lay just beneath the surface of the DBT modules.