To what extent can quantum computers help to develop Artificial Intelligence? What aspects of quantum computers, if any, can help to further develop Artificial Intelligence?
Quantum computers are super awesome at matrix multiplication, with some limitations. Quantum superposition allows each bit to be in a lot more states than just zero or one, and quantum gates can fiddle those bits in many different ways. Because of that, a quantum computer can process a lot of information at once for certain applications.

One of those applications is the Fourier transform, which is useful in a lot of problems, like signal analysis and array processing. There's also Grover's quantum search algorithm, which finds the single value for which a given function returns something different. If an AI problem can be expressed in a mathematical form amenable to quantum computing, it can receive great speedups. Sufficient speedups could transform an AI idea from "theoretically interesting but insanely slow" to "quite practical once we get a good handle on quantum computing."