Why is Belgium (and Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Norway) still above consumption CO2 levels per capita of 1990? While many others did go down &quot;Consumption-based emissions reflect the consumption and lifestyle
choices of a country’s citizens.&quot;

Via this article https://ourworldindata.org/consumption-based-co2 I see that Belgium's consumption-based CO2 emissions per capita in 2018 is still above the level of 1990.

I wonder why?
Why are Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Norway still above their CO2 consumption levels, while many other neighbouring countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, Ireland, ... did manage to get their levels down?
Further more, I am wondering how they can correctly estimate the CO2 of all consumption? I believe this is not known for all brands/products?
P.S.: In 'Sources' we can read:

Consumption-based emissions are national or regional emissions which
have been adjusted for trade (i.e. territorial/production emissions
minus emissions embedded in exports, plus emissions embedded in
imports). If a country's consumption-based emissions are higher than
its production emissions it is a net importer of carbon dioxide.
The underlying source is an updated version of the paper by &quot;Peters et
al. (2011). Growth in emission transfers via international trade from
1990 to 2008.&quot;
► (Updated to 2014) Peters, GP, Minx, JC, Weber, CL and Edenhofer, O 2011. Growth in emission transfers via international trade from 1990 to 2008. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, 8903-8908: https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/9/3247/2012/bg-9-3247-2012.html
This updated data is available in the latest version of
the Global Carbon Budget.
► https://www.icos-cp.eu/science-and-impact/global-carbon-budget/2019 via https://www.icos-cp.eu/science-and-impact/global-carbon-budget
Our World in Data has calculated several additional metrics based on
the following metrics:
► Energy consumption data from BP Statistical Review of World Energy: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html
► Long-term GDP data from Maddison Project Database: https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2018
► Population data from the UN World Population Prospects and
Gapminder: https://www.gapminder.org/ https://population.un.org/wpp/
My answer will not be complete, but consider one factor: population.
Belgium population per year:
1990    9,967,000
2000    10,251,000 (+10.2%)
2009    10,796,000 (+5.3%)
2018    11,376,070 (+5.4%)
On top of that, you are considering countries with relatively small population increasing significantly (Belgium, Austria, the Netherlands). Most of the population increase is from immigration and high fertility rate of the new population (see the CO2eq impact of about 9tons per capita on the parents due to a new born), with industrial powerhouses like Germany and Italy where a lot of the production has been delocalized in the same time period (check CO2 of Romania or Spain)