Using an accelerometer as a geophone to conduct a seismic survey I am doing a capstone project for a sensor systems course and I would like to write  a python program to acquire, process and present seismic data like that of seismic surveys. Is it possible using just an Arduino and an accelerometer? 

I have access to the following accelerometer:  

SparkFun Triple Axis Accelerometer Breakout - MMA8452Q
Accelerometers have already been used for acquiring seismic data in a lot of studies: see this review, and references therein.

As for the code part, there is a Python framework for seismology: ObsPy.