Do normal modes of oscillation cause permanent deformation? It is known that when a large earthquake occurs, say $M \ge 9.0$, The surface waves travel around Earth over and over, "ringing the surface like a bell". The GIF below is an example (Image Source):

 

Do these normal modes cause permanent deformation AWAY from the earthquake source or does Earth affected simply slide back in place after the wave passes through it? If there is no permeant deformation, why does the surface near (but off source) crack and fault?
These are visco-elastic oscillations that cause virtually no permanent deformation.

Following the Tohoku 2011 earthquake, this gravimeter in Metsähovi, Finland, measured a radial oscillation mode amplitude of 0.06 mm. The Earth's radius is 6371 km. So the resulting strains would be extremely small.

All but the lowest radial mode decays after a few days because the energy of the oscillations gets converted to heat by dissipative processes.