Will my wall stand up to fairly heavy pine planking on the inside?
So, not shiplap. And, oh now you care. Nope, no problem at all, the inside wall's studs will handle it all fine. You'd only have a possible issue if you went outside of the wall studs' plane, like with loaded shelving that pulled laterally on the wall. With fasteners it'll all probably weigh about 413-lbs. It'll be great for decades to come.