How should I wire a ceiling fan remote where one switch is used to control the fixture?
Hot wires are any color but white, gray or green.  Code isn't specific as to which.  Since there's only 1 switch and not 2, surely the red/black are a) always-hot, and b) switched-hot.   We don't know which is which - there's no standard.
Normally you shouldn't experiment, but in this case, it's alright.
Turn the breaker off. Hook up ground.  Hook up neutral.
Now, the blue wire on the fan is actually for the light.  Hook that to either red or black from the ceiling, and cap the other one off.  See what that does.  Then hook it to the other one and see what that does.  Results will be:

Is the light always-on?  That wire is always-hot.
Is the light controlled by the switch?  That wire is switched-hot, and leave this connected because that is what you actually want.

Now, on the fan control module, there's a blue wire you won't use. Cap that off.  Also cap off the control module's bottom white wire, since you can't use it.
After that it's downhill; the only thing is you'll be adding the box's top white wire to the neutrals.