Light is working but switch is not
This looks like a very common type of circuit, called a switch loop. 

One question: do the unused black and red wires at the light come out of the same cable? If so, the other end of the cable is most probably attached to the switch. 

Strictly speaking, you should test this by checking for continuity between the unused black and the unused red, with the switch off and then with the switch on. However checking continuity is something that a total noob may not know how to do, or have the equipment for. 

Now, I usually test continuity using line voltage and an ordinary drop light. You can do the equivalent of that here by simply wiring the switch loop into the light circuit and trying it. 


Turn off the circuit breaker controlling the light. 
At the light fixture, disconnect the black light fixture wire from
the black wire bundle. 
At the light fixture, connect the unused black wire to the black wire
bundle. 
At the light fixture, using a new wire nut, connect the black light
fixture wire to the unused red wire. 
Turn on the circuit breaker. 
Turn the switch on and off.


If this doesn't work, that is, if the switch still doesn't control the light, or if the circuit breaker trips, then you have some unusual wiring, and you will have to spend some time analyzing it. If it does work, you're done, and you can put the cover plates back on.