Is there a comparative study of self-sustained and ecological housing?
There is no one best model; it's a function of where the house is located (climate, site, etc.).  Something as simple as what side of a hill the house is can have a dramatic effect (does it get morning or evening sun?).  Stone is a great thermal sink, but if you've got to get it trucked in from great distances, it's not environmentally friendly.

Now, I'm not going to say that they're the most envionmentally friendly, as they don't make full use of their environment (eg, building into the ground), but the U.S. Department of Energy runs a contest called the "Solar Decathalon", in which college teams bring a modular home, and are scored on various tests over a week or so. (but of course, only for a week ... not in the middle of winter, where they might not fare as well)

If you look through the entries, you can see some of the design decisions that they made to reduce their energy use.  C|Net covered the 2011 competition.