Is the ceiling above a shower a "wet" or "damp" location?
The ceiling surface should be considered as a wet location, as it could be sprayed by water as you said. However, the above ceiling space is not in direct contact with water as the ceiling itself is blocking the potential spray.

The trim for the fixture must be wet location listed, whereas the fixture itself would be damp listed. (The fixture would only be dry depending on the height of the ceiling over the shower itself)