automatic water stop valve?
The simplest, and most reliable, method (I think :-) ) is to put a drain tray under the frig, with a float switch tied to an electronic valve. If the tray fills, the switch cuts off the inlet valve.   BTW - whether or not your frig has an internal timeout, that timeout won't prevent a flood, since (1) the leak could be ahead of the timeout valve and (2) once the down-time counter is done, the frig would start up again anyway. 

That said, may I suggest that you're in a "once bitten; twice shy" scenario?  Unless you Google your particular model and find many complaints of leak failures, it's highly unlikely this will happen again in your lifetime.