What is the side load bearing capacity of wood screws?
If you used a set of simple pulleys similar to these:



And then used 5/16" type screw eyes that were inserted into studs or ceiling joists using the proper sized pilot holes:



This should lead to strong and robust bike hoist system.

Open the loop of the screw eye with the aid of a vice to hook the pulley on. Then squeeze the eye shut again using the vice. For pulleys that do not have swivel tops you can set the right direction for rope travel by how you orient the eye when screwing it into the stud.