Why are there so many 220v circuits/breakers in my house's electrical panel?
By "220 breakers", I'm going to assume you mean double pole breakers.  It's also difficult to speculate without actually seeing the panel, or being on site. But here are some thoughts.

Just because a double pole breaker is used, doesn't necessarily mean it's feeding a 240 volt circuit.  In some areas, it's common to use double pole breaker to feed multiwire branch circuits. Which means the double pole breakers could be feeding two 120 volt circuits, instead of a single 240 volt circuit. This is likely the case if you see a bunch of 15, and/or 20 ampere double pole breakers.

It could also be that electricity, is the common fuel source in your area. For example you might have electric dryer, electric range, electric heat, electric hot water, electric A/C, water treatment equipment, secondary panel(s), etc.  Having all electric appliances, can make the double pole breaker total jump quite a bit.