Hardwood over poorly-installed asbestos sheet flooring
ArchonOSX's right of course that the best solution is to remove everything. But, if that's just not going to happen until hell freezes over for a 2nd time. Then, a few thoughts come to mind. If the Bamboo is underlayment approved, then even dime-thick padding will help.

First, get the floor as solid as possible...noticeably improved. Surface bubbles can be X-cut &amp; glued back down...short screws into the lower layers, a heavy object or a floor to ceiling stick wedge for clamping would be needed. Cut, chisel or plane spikes to remove them.

As far as the big dips, hills &amp; ramps go. I think you're right &amp; I don't know of any "Floor Product" or "Concrete Resurfacing Product" that won't breakdown to dust. However, I do know of Bondo or Plastic Auto Body Filler &amp; that won't dust, is easily manipulated &amp; sanded, has decent open time, plenty strong &amp; adhesive enough, is meant for large areas &amp; is water resistant.

I think this line of thought is your only good option &amp; you can start cheap &amp; small to try it out &amp; go get more if it's doing the job. These have the same benefits so you might choose them instead. I'd also say go with an Epoxy, but it gets expensive &amp; is a lot worse goop to clean up &amp; might slump or run too much. Finally, a soap &amp; water clean-up would be Loctite Power Grab caulk adhesive since it dries good &amp; hard &amp; you'd be able to return unused tubes.