Run power supply wire through garage for security camera
To help with terminology I've added some notes to one of your pictures showing the names I use for the parts. The rubber strip is a &quot;weather seal&quot; and the painted white wood is a &quot;jamb.&quot;

You can drill horizontally into the jamb. You'll need a long drill bit for this; the hole may have to be 4-6 inches deep from the interior surface of the lumber on the wall. This bore is illustrated with the line segment marked &quot;1&quot;.
Next, drill vertically up into the jamb as illustrated with line &quot;2&quot;. If you've positioned the drill well the two holes will intersect and you'll have an L-shape passage through the wood.
The wire can be fed through. It may be necessary to feed something else through first -- a small/light gauge wire, a string, etc. Creativity is key here. For example, if you're trying to get string through the long horizontal bore but it hangs up on the rough wood, try inserting a drinking straw first and push the string through that. It'll get you to the far end of the hole where a small hook or tweezers may be able to grab the string.
Before drilling the actual door jamb tou could practice the technique on a scrap of lumber from somewhere. A home center, lumber yard, or construction site may have a piece they'll sell or give to you.