NEC code requirements for exterior outlet
Yes, there are

The Code cite you're after is NEC 210.52(E) (with subsections 1 and 3 being the commonly applicable ones):


  (E) Outdoor Outlets. Outdoor receptacle outlets shall be
  installed in accordance with 210.52(E)(1) through (E)(3). 
  
  Informational Note: See 210.8(A)(3).
  
  (1) One-Family and Two-Family Dwellings. For a one-family dwelling and each unit of a two-family dwelling that
  is at grade level, at least one receptacle outlet readily accessible from grade and not more than 2.0 m (6 1/2 ft) above
  grade level shall be installed at the front and back of the
  dwelling.
  
  (2) Multifamily Dwellings. For each dwelling unit of a
  multifamily dwelling where the dwelling unit is located at grade level and provided with individual exterior
  entrance/egress, at least one receptacle outlet readily accessible from grade and not more than 2.0 m (6 1/2 ft) above grade level shall be installed.
  
  (3) Balconies, Decks, and Porches. Balconies, decks, and
  porches that are attached to the dwelling unit and are accessible from inside the dwelling unit shall have at least
  one receptacle outlet accessible from the balcony, deck, or
  porch. The receptacle outlet shall not be located more than
  2.0 m (6 1/2 ft) above the balcony, deck, or porch walking
  surface.


In other words, there needs to be a readily accessible receptacle not more than 6.5' above the walking level in front, in back, and for each balcony, deck, or porch you have.