How to handle branch circuits cleanly when there are lots of branches
First, I gather that gang boxes are what you know, but don't use them.  For a nice pile of cubic inches, you can get either 4-11/16" square deep boxes (42 or more cubic inches) or 6" square deep boxes (quite a bit more). 

For big boxes like this, go to a proper electrical supply house.  Big-box stores actually don't specialize in big boxes, surprisingly; they charge twice normal price when they have them at all.

Hide the hubs behind lights and switches

Other than that, your idea of doing "hub and spokes" is perfectly fine.  However, you don't need to bring it all the way down to the basement with a bunch of home runs, you can have 1 or 2 hubs per floor, and conceal the boxes as follows:  


First, you can get a blank cover plate, and put the box anywhere, although buyers might be annoyed at the electrical cover existing for no reason. 
Second, you can site it where light switches need to go, and use a 2-gang mud ring, to bring out the usual gang-box form factor you are familiar with.  From the outside it will appear to be simple light switches; but behind the switches, it's a major wiring hub in a very big box. 
Third, you can site it where a surface mount light might go, and get a mud ring giving a 4" ”octagon box" style fitting, i.e. the standard junction box for lighting. Same deal: it looks like a simple light box, but it's actually covering up a large box that is a major splice point.  


10A buys you nothing

You think "oh hey, I can use #16 and buy a big panel with my cost savings".  Nope. Any wire smaller than 14 AWG is disallowed for mains wiring.  It's a lost cause anyway; economies of scale make #14 Romex or THHN so insanely cheap compared to #16 with comparable jacketing that might be legal for in-wall use.  You can't just throw some random SJOOW extension cord wire in a wall.  You have to follow the rules of one of the Article 300 wiring methods. 

You should have a big, big panel, though.

This is the #1 thing we want to communicate to people selecting a service panel.  Don't be that oh, so clever guy who says "I need 26 circuits so a 30 space panel will do". (Or worse, a 16 space/32 circuit panel will do; ”circuits" in the double-stuff sense of the word are useless these days).  Get PLENTY of extra spaces.  Don't even consider less than a 40 space panel for a whole house.  42 is the max before cost climbs dramatically, so if you are at 38 already, don't give up, go with a dual 30. Placing one subpanel cleverly may save you a lot of wire.