Do I need to install cement backer board on the wall above a tile shower surround?
Alaska man's suggestion is a good one. However, it's not necessary to use anything other than drywall above your tile in my opinion. 

Also, it's common to leave the drywall slightly below the top edge of the tile so that the joint between the backer board and drywall gets covered, saving finishing time. 

Use high quality primer and paint. This assumes that you have adequate ventilation and are using it appropriately.