Replaced breaker, and still no power to outlets, but at circuit test 110
It sounds like you have several problems but probably not a short in the wiring, as a short would trip the breaker when it was turned on. 

When the wiring was updated 15 years ago it was not done to Code. Code at that time required the bathroom to have a dedicated 20 amp circuit (possibly 2 bathrooms on 1 circuit) but nothing else on that branch circuit, the laundry should have also have its own 20amp circuit. This is the start of some of your problems.

The second part is the circuit is overloaded with lights and everything else on the circuit the breaker is doing its job of tripping when overloaded (not a short). The remaining outlets and or lights that are not working are probably because of an overload condition. This happens all the time on outlets and switches that are daisy chained using backstabs, it can also happen at a wire nut or a broken wire at a wire nut or screw.

The failure can almost always be found at the last working device or first non working device on that circuit. I would want to get 2 dedicated circuits installed for the bath and laundry after identifying the last working outlet or switch or first non working one and fixing that.