Does my three season porch ceiling outlet require a GFCI?
It sounds like you described a damp area, like a bathroom.  Bathroom lighting does not require GFCI. But... 

First, you are never required to use a GFCI receptacle. You can use a plain receptacle, and if GFCI protection is even required, that can be provided from another GFCI device upstream. Also, having a GFCI device past a light switch is a bad idea, so if this is sourced from a wall switch, no GFCI here.  That's a hardware limitation, not Code. 

You also can't put a GFCI where shorter members of your family need a ladder to reset it.  How will they see to work? 

Also practical,  you don't want to put any GFCI device where it'l be exposed to rain, spray or condensate, so an upstream/more indoor location is more appropriate.   You wouldn't charge your iPhone out here!

The next question to ponder is whether you'll be touching or contacting this light. Bathroom lights are generally grounded and garage or hi-bay lighting is usually unreachable.  If frequent contact or no ground, there’s a practical argument to be made toward GFCI protection, just because it "takes off the table" any risk of electrocution.  

Now ceiling receptacles are perfectly normal for lighting.  Wiring luminaires via cord and plug connection is perfectly allowed due to NEC 400.6.