How can I use these "closed" power outlets?
The receptacles that say "protected surge" are either surge protection receptacles, or are protected by a surge suppression device in the panel.

As for the "closed" receptacles, those are most likely tamper resistant receptacles.   The guards should move out if the way when you plug things in. The guards only move when they are both pushed simultaneously, so make sure you're inserting the plug straight. If one blade touches first, the guards may not move. Also, the first time things are plugged into these receptacles, the guards seem to be a bit stiff. Wiggle the plug, and try a bit more force. After the receptacle has been used once or twice, it will be easier to plug things in.