NEMA 14-30 outlet Installation question
Conduit
Any wires below a certain height need to be protected. In a typical wood studs + drywall setup, that can be running the wires inside the wall, protected with metal plates in certain locations. However, with a block wall you will run the wires outside the wall, which means running the wires through conduit. Once you are using conduit, you can run the wires pretty much any way you want to, as the conduit protects the wires wherever they go. A few things to keep in mind:

You definitely want to use individual wires, not cable, as that will be much easier to push through conduit.
There are limits on how many turns in a section of conduit. That makes it easier to pull wires through, but is less of a concern with a very short run - but you do have to follow the rules.
If you are using this for an electric car charger, you may want to upsize for a future larger charger. The breaker and receptacle need to be sized to match each other and to match the specifications of the charger. The wire can be larger to support a larger charger in the future. On the other hand, since you will be using conduit, you can always replace the wires later relatively easily.
You may need GFCI protection. In this case (unlike 5-15 and 5-20), the breaker is the place to do it. As noted in comments by others, it looks like GFCI is a requirement in a garage only for &lt; 150V - i.e., your typical 120V 15A and 20A receptacles but not required for 240V (dryer, car charger, etc.). (I'm not a professional, and I don't have a garage, so this isn't something I'm that familiar with.)