Waterproofing weeping tile inside vs outside
Concrete is porous. Consider it a sponge. Any water that comes in contact with it will be drawn in via capillary action. 

If water is coming into your basement, it's likely because it's the easiest route for the water to take. Ideally, you'd slope/grade your yard away from the wall to get the water away from the block wall as soon as you can.

Freezing water in concrete is a concern, but that usually requires a frequent freeze/thaw cycle. Something of concern on say a driveway in cold climates, but likely won't have too much of an effect on a wall.