Replacing 3-way Dimmer with Smart Dimmer
I think you might be ok since you have a white wire going to the second switch acting like a traveler.  The new GE smart switches do not need a traveller, so that white can be turned into a neutral.

I'm basing my knowledge of off this help site: https://support.cbyge.com/hc/en-us/articles/360020711551-3-Way-Multi-Switch-Installation-

In the box that has the other switch, you need to figure out which black wire is the "load" wire that goes up to the light.  The bootlegged white traveller will get bundled with the rest of the whites and turn into a true neutral in the other box.



I think that "line" in this diagram is what you have labeled as "common" in yours.  If there is a black wire shared with the other switch, you can assume that will be the "line" wire.  That "line" also needs to be present in the second box (it should be).  Line will have voltage on it at all times (it's not switched like the load and traveler wires).  You will not have a capped traveller, because you are using it as a neutral.

The second box is wired like this:



The switch only needs a neutral and line wire.  Seems kind of odd at first glance - the switch isn't switching anything!  Well, their 3-way setup is obviously using a wireless signal as the traveller.  The first switch does all the work and this second switch is really just a wireless button.

I have Lutron Casseta dimmers in my home that do the same thing except the second switch is just a battery operated remote that installs in the switch plate.  You can add more remotes as needed.  The system does require a hub, but I enjoy the flexibility and easy of installation.  Certainly pros and cons.  I think your GE setup will work.