Kenmore glass-top oven range shorting out
The damage to the wiring in your third picture is the reason the stove is shorting out.  You can see the metal wire terminal has melted.  This is because it is much too close to the black metal frame that is surrounding it.  

When using the stove, the movement and vibration cause the terminal to touch the frame and short out.  You will have to move this terminal away from the frame to solve this problem.  

However, from the picture it looks like the terminal is compromised.  Due to parts of it being melted, and the carbon build up from the arc flashes, this could now be a poor electrical connection, which could lead to further issues/failures of this burner down the road.

You will likely have to crimp a new female sta-kon connector onto the wire connected to this terminal, and at a minimum clean the carbon off of the terminal itself.  If the terminal is damaged to a point where the wire does not attach snuggly, you may have to replace the element.