Glue underlayment to concrete: how long does it take to cure?
On its website it says 8-10 hours.  However it is not for the application you used it for.  It is for gluing wood to things.  Not for gluing foam/felt/whatever to concrete.  Your underlayment has basically formed a bubble underneath.  The wood glue needs a lot of air to dry - hence wood glue there will usually be a lot of air available.  Now that the outside have dried quicker of course, now the inside is in the trapped little bubble with no chance at getting good air.  It will eventually dry but this depends on the material and how dense/thick the concrete is.  Also you may want to just remove and use the right glue - which will probably last longer - but that is up to you.  This could take 2-5 days to dry and since the glue was made for wood it may not bond right.