Expoxy Araldite and smell
5 minute epoxy, thoroughly mixed in the right proportions and before the use-by date, and used within the prescribed temperature range, should be finished whatever curing is going to happen within about a day.  Expired materials, an inaccurate mix, or incomplete mixing, will leave unreacted components within the cured material.  If you're still smelling anything 2 weeks later, that's not likely to go away any time soon.  It likely also means that the epoxy won't be as strong as you would expect.  

You can speed the cure if you warm it, but once it's hard all the way through, the reaction is pretty much done; any unreacted material is isolated and has nothing to react with.  Still, you've got nothing to lose giving it a little heat.  

I'm not aware of any way to test it, at least at home (unless you have a well-equipped home chemistry lab).  As far as safety, you should be able to find the MSDS for the product online (sometimes linked at the retailer's site or the manufacturer's site), or the manufacturer's customer service can provide it.