Double sink with disposal - water shoots up when disposal runs
My instincts are inline with the comments by MonkeyZues and Solar Mike. The impeller design of some disposals accelerates the discharge. A partially plugged trap will send water up, following the path of least resistance (and still let the sinks drain). If the discharge from the disposal swept down (with a swept tee) the discharge would be directed down instead of splashing into the vertical-side of the straight tee. Both ideas are simple and inexpensive - cleaning the trap and swapping the tee.