How do I determine how my outlets and switches were wired after I removed them all?
There's two ways to approach this.
One, spend time learning about how your house was wired. You'll need to be comfortable with hot wires dangling in space while you poke at them with the meter probes and figure out what's hot and what's not. I can imagine that you're also a little bit under the gun, since most of your breakers should be off and it is getting dark.
Two, just chalk this up to experience and get a real electrician as soon as possible. They'll fix everything in relatively short order.