Can a stove be beneath a window
A few concerns:


The range hood will need to be placed above the window, possibly blocking some of your view, unless you install a downdraft vent frequently seen in cooking islands.
If you have a messy cook in the house, cleaning the grease off of the window panes and crevices will be all the more difficult on a window.  And curtains or blinds are even worse.
In the winter, boiling water close to the window will result in a lot of condensation.  If that runs down the window and freezes, you could be looking at some damage.


None of this says you can't do it.  I doubt that the thermal changes will break the glass, but I couldn't say for sure.  But all other things being equal (which you say they aren't) I would choose somewhere other than the window myself.