Why did my cooktop trip the breaker when I cleaned it with too much water?
The water apparently got inside the stove and caused a short. If there was a fuse inside there that blew, the breaker wouldn't have tripped. The breaker is detecting the excessive current to the appliance and switching off the power before the wiring inside the wall overheats and start a fire.

The best solution, as the electrician indicated, is to have the appliance repaired or replaced. Until then, leave it disconnected since it's a safety hazard. Without opening the appliance and inspecting the connections, it's difficult to say exactly what inside of it has failed.