Is "14 AWG" NM-B allowed by the newest NEC for new residential construction?
There is nothing in the NEC that forbids 15A circuits with 14AWG wire in new work

There is nothing in the NEC (2014 or 2017) that forbids the use of 15A circuits wired with 14AWG NM-B for general lighting and receptacles (irrespective of occupancy).  Some localities do amend the Code to require the use of 20A branch circuits (with 12AWG wire, of course) for general lighting and receptacles in some or all occupancies, though, and there are also electricians who do not install 15A branch circuits, preferring to stick to 20A as a point of practice, but neither of these reflect on what the NEC actually says.