Do I need both GFCI receptacle and GFCI breaker?
One or the other, not both. Depending on adopted code, you may ALSO need AFCI protection, which is better done at the breaker.
GFCI is pretty much the same for practical purposes whether at the breaker or at the first device, except for special circumstances like a buried cable.
You do NOT need multiple GFCIs on one circuit - just make a GFCI the FIRST device and then wire the rest of the devices from its LOAD terminals which will protect the rest of the devices on the circuit. Carefully follow instructions for wiring line and load on the GFCI and place GFCI protected labels on the remaining outlets/devices.