Replaced outlet, no power to that circuit
If you are correct that nothing on that circuit is working (including an outlet closer to the circuit breaker panel) then something would appear to be wrong at the panel. 

I wonder if perhaps you got the wrong breaker and the actual breaker for this circuit is sitting in the tripped position? Sometimes it can be useful to flip each breaker on and off one at a time (of course that can play havoc with whatever else is on those circuits, such as computers wot don't have a UPS). 

If it was only that outlet and ones further down I would suspect that the incoming wires are not correctly connected or the outlets have been separated by breaking off the tabs between the two receptacles.