220 outlet burnt caused other outlets to go out breaker didn't trip
You wrapped those burnt wires in electrical tape and turned it back on?  Please turn off that breaker and get an electrician in.  And check that your smoke detectors have working batteries.  At the very least all the wire in that box probably needs replacing.

The outlet likely caught fire from a loose connection.  The other outlets affected are probably downstream from this one - power for them flows through that outlet, which is why it has 2 sets of wires.  It is possible for this to happen without tripping the breaker.  The loose connection acts more like a heating element, using lots of power but not enough to trip the breaker.  An AFCI breaker might have tripped, but even then might not.

The wiring needs to be checked properly and any damaged sections replaced.