1 double throw switch 3 lights one position only 2 of the same 3 lights in the other position
Assuming you mean to use a three-position switch so that you can also turn all the lights off, the answer is -- yes, you can do this, but it is expensive and moderately difficult. 

You need to use a double-pole double-throw center-off wall switch. These are available from Leviton and Grainger for about $55 to $105. I couldn't find a cheaper vendor. 

There are several ways to wire it. Here is one:



In the down position, lamps 1 and 2 are lit. In the up position, all three lamps are lit. 

For my money, I would just use two single-pole single-throw switches in a 2-gang box. You could connect two lamps to one switch and one lamp to the other, or you could wire them like this:



With A and B off, all three lamps are dark. With A off and B on, all three lamps are dark. 

With A on and B off, lamps 1 and 2 are lit and lamp 3 is dark. 

With A and B on, all three lamps are lit.