Dishwasher not draining
I determined the cause of the problem. It was a failing solenoid valve (part number 0404) controlling the outflow from the plastic container on the left side (supposedly a heat exchanger).
The symptom of water in the bottom occurred after draining was complete (which, as it turns out, it successfully were) where the machine takes in some new water to the container. Presumably, this is not supposed to be full at this point, and so water entered into the main compartment by way of an overflow outlet (part no. 0402 in the parts drawing).
After ordering a new valve for 200 dkk and replacing the old one, my washer now works again.
Also, if doing this, be sure to unplug the washer. After changing the valve, I discovered it runs on mains voltage.