What is the proper, safe, and effective way to apply diatomaceous earth?
We have used DE effectively to kill bedbugs, so I'll take a shot


  how should it be applied?


We applied it around the borders of all the floors, sprayed it into the walls everywhere we could (mainly into electrical boxes - remove the covers first), and into the underside of plush furniture.  In the basement we put it all over the ceiling and walls as well as squirting it into every gap we could find.


  is it effective against bed bugs? How long does it take to kill them?


Yes.  They will avoid it if possible, so its tough to say how long it takes to kill them, but when we applied it to a heavily infested house and the improvement was immediate.


  where should it be put? Everywhere, or only in specific locations?


Anywhere bedbugs can get.


  how much should be applied?


A dusting around the perimeter of each room, a generous squirt of dust into openings and several squirts into plush furniture is what we did.


  how often does it have to be reapplied, and does it have to be vacuumed up?


We only applied it once and that did the trick.  If you vacuum it up it can't help, so no don't vacuum it up.


  after it's been applied, will a fan or wind disturb it and blow it into the air?


Depends on the orientation and strength of the fan.  A ceiling fan? No.  A box fan pointing at a line of DE?  Probably.


  is it safe to apply it on a bed?


You should seal your mattresses up with bedbug preventing covers, and squirt the DE inside that.  DE is harmless to you, but you want to trap the bugs in the mattress.  Leave the mattresses sealed for at least 2 weeks or longer to ensure the bedbugs get exposed.  They can hide and live for a long time in a mattress but a solid month should deal with the birth cycle.


  is it effective when wet? when the air is humid?


No and not very.