Is there a program or system which will tell me what length (8' or 10') 1x3 lumber to get for making storm windows?
You will need all 8' material. The amount of waste you will have would be minimal Any of the numbers do not add up to 96". The stretchers will also work with 8" stock too, with little waste. There you will in essence be using 24" and 32 " lengths.

Cut everything to a rough length, then set up jigs to make your repeat cuts.