Basement cinder block looks damp after rain storms
You can see from the second picture that the water originates at ground level.  It permeates into the hollow cores and then follows the cores down. 

It could be a grading problem, where the soil doesn't slope enough away from the house (initial settlement of the backfill), and/or downspouts that discharge too close to the house.

Make sure the rain gutter system isn't clogged and use downspout extensions to discharge the water 10' away from the foundation.

The backfill settles, so you may have to improve the grade for the first 6 to 10 feet around the foundation.  Put heavy plastic sheeting against the foundation up to the height that additional fill will be added, and extending over the current soil going out 6-8 feet.  Then put new soil on top of it to create a good grade away from the house.