Putting in a new 240v circuit for a dryer
10/3 will be more than fine

You won't start hitting voltage drop issues (upwards of 3%) on a 10AWG dryer circuit (~21A at 240V, using the Article 220 standard dryer load of 5kVA) until you hit about 160' of distance -- feel free to plug the numbers into your favorite voltage drop calculator and see what comes out.