How can I make lime plaster more resistant to vibration?
Think panels. The reason wood works so well is that each board can move 1/16” or so and the wood doesn’t crack or come apart. 

Install gypsum board with plaster in panels that are allowed to move a bit and they won’t crack and fall apart either. You’ll need to experiment to determine the maximum size panel that will work in your case. 

In addition, stiffen the under carriage so the entire building will not flex and twist during moving. 

I’d use the “flexible” gypsum board panels (with your lime plaster over.) See USG 1/4” panel. Here’s an article about it: 

https://www.usg.com/content/dam/USG_Marketing_Communications/united_states/product_promotional_materials/finished_assets/sheetrock-gypsum-panels-quarter-inch-flexible-submittal-WB2128.pdf