Short Circuit that only makes certain electronics go out?
There was probably a fault on the power grid and one of their circuit breakers operated and you experienced a momentary interruption of power, not a short circuit. These can happen a few times at a time while their breaker clears or isolates their problem. This is a very common occurrence in the utility business and many appliances had builtin devices that will tolerate a brief interruption but many still don't which is why you have to reset some clocks, TV's and microwaves and others don't need to be reset.
If you have critical equipment that is affected, you can get an uninterruptible power source from any computer store.