Does these electrical issues require an immediate repair?
The envelope of at least one material is missing or damaged.

The electrical installation includes at least a connection with a bare active part under voltage accessible.



Sounds like a missing cover or crumbling insulation on a wire.  The latter is urgent, the former, it depends who spends time in your house and whether they have curious fingers.

The rated current (rating) of the protection against overloads and short circuits of at least one circuit is not suitable for the section corresponding conductors.

Urgent, and easy.

At least one protective device against overcurrent is not placed on a phase conductor.

Urgent, and probably easy.

At least one circuit (not supplying outlets) is not earthed.
There is no high sensitivity differential device &lt; or equal to 30mA.

The latter means no RCD aka &quot;whole house GFPE&quot;.  (I hate to call it a GFCI since it's barely that).
Either one of these things I wouldn't consider urgent.  But both together -- Studies of aviation accidents find it usually takes several problems overlapping to down an airplane.  The airplane could do fine with 2 of 3 of the problems, but when all 3 coincide...  They talk about &quot;several slices of Swiss Cheese, and the holes happening to line up&quot;.
These two failure conditions are 2 holes already lined up.  Your defense-in-depth is gone.  One more thing fails and you're done.
So yeah, fix at least one of those things, and the RCD is the easier path unless there are serious wiring defects.  One could also do 5mA RCBOs on a per-circuit basis; that is in fact equivalent to American GFCIs, and the more sensitive detection makes it more useful for human safety.
5ma detection is too sensitive for a whole house, which is why whole-house RCDs are 30ma. They are mostly there to detect parallel arc faults.

At least one receptacle is not a shutter type.
At least one socket outlet does not have a 15mm well.

Only an issue around children.  European socket defense is actually pretty good without tamper shutters.