Can a 3-wire surge protective device be used on a single phase, 120V circuit?
I've used that exact part exactly as you described before on a 30A commercial circuit without incident.

Now, do I know that it has protected equipment from surges?  No.  But No damage has occurred since its installation.

Do keep in mind, that one of the 'ready' lights won't come on, because each ready light depends on a separate hot having voltage potential between it and what it thinks is neutral.  It's likewise not unrealistic to expect any faulty indicators to fail similarly.  But the MOVs will do the same job regardless.