Toilet drainage leak
That is not at all how a toilet should connect to the floor. You'll need to remove the toilet, clean away all the caulk, and set it anew.

In my part of the world we use a ring of waxy material, sometimes with an embedded rubber flange, to make the seal between the toilet and the floor. This is a one-time use product and must be replaced if the toilet is re-set. 

Anytime you encounter caulk in plumbing you can assume that something is very wrong. If it hasn't failed already, it soon will.