2 pole outlet & 2 pole breakers
Yes, it means that each hot in a 240 V receptacle goes to one, and only one, of the linked breakers of the 2-pole breaker that serves the circuit.

EDIT

I am answering here while admitting that my knowledge is limited.

The average US household will have two different types of 240 V circuit--three wire and four wire as follows:


Three wire: hot1-hot2-ground. This gives 240 V between the two hots and services loads at 240 V only, e.g. an electric hot water heater.
Three wire: hot1-hot2-neutral. This is no longer allowed in new construction but is grandfathered. The receptacle for this will serve loads at both 120 V and 240 V. Our electric clothes dryer is served by this type from a 30-A 2-pole breaker.
Four wire: hot1-hot2-neutral-ground. This will serve loads which require both 120 V (one hot to neutral) and 240 V (hot to hot).


In the usual US residence each 240 V circuit is dedicated to one outlet. For example, our electric range is served by one 50-A 2-pole breaker which serves only the receptacle for the range.

A continuous conductor goes from one side of the 2-pole breaker to one of the hot slots in the receptacle, and another continuous conductor goes from the other side of the same 2-pole breaker to the other hot slot in the receptacle . (The receptacle also has slots for neutral and ground, and separate conductors connect them, respectively,  to the neutral and ground bars in the panel.)