Part 2 Another Question Regarding the Correct Wiring Involving a Light Switch and an Outlet
You connect the black wire of the cable going to the receptacle to the black (line hot) of the cable on the left. You connect the white wire of the cable going to the receptacle to the white neutral and connect the ground.

Before you do this you could examine the receptacle to determine that the receptacle is wired correctly or you could just connect it and test the receptacle with a circuit tester. The black wire should be go to the shorter slot and the white wire to the longer slot. If you have a multimeter, you can plug an extension cord into the receptacle and verify the hot neutral conections before you connect.