Does using central heating increase water usage?
Only if you have a humidifier installed, and in that case it would be a very small quantity. 

To determine whether your system has a humidifier, examine the primary ducts near the furnace unit. Look for a tray or housing with a water line and possibly a power cord. 

Here's an example. Notice the unit attached to the intake duct. It has a copper supply line and a PVC drain line.