Is voltage too high in C wire going to thermostat?
It's a bit high but whether it will be a problem depends on your thermostat and how it tolerates the high voltage.  Also consider that the furnaces controller board is also receiving this voltage.

Before you start anything else, check to see if your thermostat can be calibrated and complete this step first.

To rule out the higher voltage as the cause of the faulty temperature reading, find another transformer that gives you close to 24VAC and connect it to R and C - basically use that power source instead of the transformer in the furnace.  If the temperature reading is correct now then you have verified the cause.   If other transformers are also giving higher than expected voltages, check your input line voltage - if that is high, so will the transformer output.

If line voltage is OK and other transformers are OK then you can replace the transformer in your furnace; it's a pretty straight forward replacement usually. Just remember to turn off the power to your furnace first!