Can I use a motion sensor to control fluorescent lights that are plugged into an outlet?
It shouldn't be a problem, if you purchase the proper motion sensor. When shopping, make sure the sensor specifically mentions compatibility with florescent lights.

The Heath Zenith Occupancy Motion Sensor Wall Switch




  Controls up to 500 Watts incandescent and 400 Watts fluorescent
  lighting


According to it's documentation. 

You can pick one up at Home Depot for ~$15.00 or Amazon for $32 USD (2018).

If you shop around, you can also find sensors that work with compact fluorescent lamps (CFL). Like this one from Hubbell Building Automation, Inc..