Power out, but no GFCI, no breakers tripped
Typically this ends up being a failed connection at a receptacle or other device in the chain.  Effectively the connection acted like an "amateur" circuit breaker.  

90% of the time this is due to the connection being a "backstab type" where the wire is stabbed into a hole.  

If you know the topology of the wiring, the failure must be either at the last good outlet, or the first bad one.