Do Old Houses Have a Pre-determined Lifespan?
I don't think it is much of an issue with individual materials.  In general most of them last a long time, and when they do fail, they simply get replaced.  Of course, it can be a problem if the item that is failing cannot easily be replaced.

Off the top of my head I think the only issue could be the foundation.  Many homes built that long ago did not really have a foundation or may have compromised foundation by now.  That is something that is very expensive to fix.  Though not impossible, the fix usually involves lifting the house and rebuilding the foundation and then dropping the house back on it.