Spot repair hardwood floor due to Goo Gone
You need to start by getting rid of the Goo Gone. 

The Goo Gone should be volatile enough to evaporate unless it's getting trapped under your polyurethane. Try hitting the spot with a heat gun or hair dryer and if you are able to notice any progress visually, then just keep hitting it with heat for 20 min at a time and giving it a break for an hour or three. It may take a few days to lift it fully.

If you don't notice any progress, you may need to strip back the urethane layer using a thinner to allow the goo-gone to dry, then trying the hair-dryer method again. Because this is a water based poly, you'll want to really limit this to the area you are trying to fix rather than gradually feathering the poly.

You want to avoid sanding if possible because sanding down deep enough to remove the soaked in Goo Gone is likely to create a physical and visual low spot. However, be aware that the Goo Gone, due to it's coloring, will leave a slight ring stain once fully evaporated.  Rather than totally refinishing your floors (or a good span around that spot) My advice, once you are sure all the Goo Gone is evaporated, would be to just go a head and apply some touch-up poly over it anyway, and wait it out until the next time the floor is due to be refinished to fix it.

To touch-up, apply the thinnest coats you can using an applicator meant for water-based poly, building up and feathering into the poly you stripped. Unfortunately you choose a water-based poly which makes any touch-up blending more difficult / less perfect as it is usually in advisable to thin down water based paints as it can cause the emulsion of oil inside to break up (athough you won't have to worry about toxic fumes while you do it, so that's a plus). In the future, choose an oil based poly and touch-ups / fixes will be a lot easier.