My dining room light will not turn on or off by the wall switch
Based on the information you gave, one white/black pair in the ceiling box is the incoming power, and the other white/black pair goes to the switch.  You need to determine which pair is which.  Connect the chandelier to one pair and turn the breaker back on.  If the chandelier lights up, that's the incoming power, and the other pair should be the switch.  If you have a continuity tester, you can hook it up to what should be the switched pair (with the breaker off again) and verify that you have continuity when the white and black wires going to the dimmer are touched together.  Turning the dimmer on and off may not be enough to get a reading on the tester - the wires need to be touching.

Once the pairs are identified as incoming and switched, the ceiling box should be wired as follows.  Connect the incoming white wire to the white wire of the chandelier.  The incoming black wire should be connected to the switch black wire, and the switch white wire should connect to the black wire of the lamp.  You should also wrap black electrical tape around the white switch wire since it is playing the role of a black wire.  This "marks" the wire as black for anyone looking at it later.  The same should be done for the white wire at the switch.  It should not matter how the wires are connected to the dimmer.

Edit:
Now that I search for an image, this appears to be a possible duplicate of:
How to properly wire a ceiling light fixture?
Which has some handy diagrams.  I suspect what you have is the first picture, and what you need is the second picture: