What kind of caulk should I use for sealing windows to drywall?
I was going to say just acrylic latex (aka 'alex').  But since you don't like that or silicone, how about alex + silicone?  :) For example:  



http://www.amazon.com/18128-Acrylic-Latex-Silicone-5-5-Ounce/dp/B00130BWLM/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1415915327&amp;sr=8-1&amp;keywords=acrylic+latex+silicone+caulk

The product is intended to address the relative weaknesses of each component.  It's paintable, but supposed to be more flexible and better able to expand and contract with temp change.