Could these foundation defects cause problems?
Well, these 'issues' so to speak are rather commonly seen on smaller construction sites (at my area of living) and are result of problems/mistakes while concrete laying. Probably all of them (as far as I can see from these pictures) are made by poor concrete thickening (without or with poor use of concrete vibrators or other devices). These, ideally, shouldn't be made by proffessionals, but they are still being seens here or there.
With proper water insulation these shouldn't cause trouble, unless they are deep cracks (concrete layered with too long interval and not thickened). Even if with cracks, structures are often over-designed for stress, so I doubt that it may cause any harm.
If I were You, I would rather look into proper and precise water insulation making - most often a real problem.
(Correct my english, please, if needed)