Water-resistant, easily removable "putty or glue" recommendation?
Silicone sealant can be removed completely from many surfaces. For example tiles (but the grout can be a problem) or ceramic sinks. In these cases you can peel most of it off and scrape the rest. There is also a silicone remover product to get the residue off other surfaces. You can prevent it from sticking in the first place by lightly oiling the surface. 

Solid wood worktops wood be ok as well if they're fairly freshly oiled. 

Other caulks can stick more, and break up when you try to lift them.