Do skirting boards prevent\help to manage damp in any way?
Skirting is purely aesthetic. It doesn't stop damp transmission itself, but just hides a gap where floorboards meet wall.

In the article you quoted, the important words are:


  ...concealing the necessary gap between wooden floorboards and masonry
  to prevent transmission of damp...


They are saying that if wooden floorboards are in contact with masonry walls which are damp, then moisture can wick into them (particularly from the end-grain). In fact, I think that this quote is ludicrous; if you have damp walls, you have a problem that skirting isn't going to help you with.

To answer your question simply, whether or not you have skirting will have absolutely no effect on managing damp, particularly on a concrete floor which is in contact with the wall.