Can this junction box wiring be used for a duplex receptacle?
This looks like phone wiring, so no

This appears to be telephone wiring, based on the thin gauge and the color coding.  There likely was a telephone jack here at some point, but it was removed by a prior owner, leaving what you see here, which does you no good whatsoever in your quest to add a receptacle.  Of course, it could be for some other low-voltage system, too, such as an intercom or alarm system.

So, you'll have to cut in an old work box somewhere nearby and run NM cable from that box to an existing receptacle, or some other junction where power can be tapped.  Sorry!