Moen Shower/Tub Valve Identification / Water temp issue
This is neither a pressure-balanced or scald-protecting valve. It is very simple Moen mixing valve that mixes cold and hot and adjusts flow according to your manual input with the knob.
There are various tricks to help reduce the effects caused by other users; the simplest is to install a flow-restricting shower head.
Changing the valve for a pressure-balanced unit will help but only to a point. If you really want to solve the problem you need to take a hard look at your water delivery scheme and investigate options like up/down-sizing parts, adding a hot water recirculating strategy, etc. Maybe consult an expert (licensed and bonded reputable plumber sourced through personal recommendations).