Identify cached data for a specific query in data cache
If the goal of your question is to determine if your stored procedure is having to do physical reads to satisfy the query (instead of retrieving the data from memory), you might be able to use the following query in the stored procedure to capture the physical reads during execution and possibly save that information for auditing purposes

declare @start_reads bigint
select @start_reads = reads from sys.dm_exec_requests where session_id = @@spid

-- Your query here 

select reads - @start_reads from sys.dm_exec_requests where session_id = @@spid