Overcome Runtime error when exporting large data table from PostgreSQL
This problem is not with postgresql but with the IDE that you are using to manage it - PostgreSQL has nothing to do about that.

You can try to do this with COPY command  (different from \copy - because is a psql command) 

COPY (
SELECT
si.symbolvalue as GVKEY
,e.mostImportantDateUTC
,t.transcriptcreationdateutc
,tc.componentOrder
,replace(replace(tc.componenttext, chr(10), ''), chr(13), '') as ComponentText

,p.proId

FROM ciqTranscript t 
JOIN ciqEvent e  ON e.keyDevId = t.keyDevId
JOIN ciqEventToObjectToEventType eo ON eo.keyDevId = e.keyDevId
JOIN ciqEventType et ON et.keyDevEventTypeId = eo.keyDevEventTypeId
JOIN ciqCompany c ON c.companyId = eo.objectId
JOIN ciqsymbol si on si.objectid = c.companyid and si.symboltypeid = 69 -- gvkey
JOIN ciqTranscriptCollectionType tct  ON tct.transcriptCollectionTypeId = t.transcriptCollectionTypeId
JOIN ciqTranscriptComponent tc  ON tc.transcriptId = t.transcriptId

WHERE et.keyDevEventTypeId='48'
AND t.transcriptPresentationTypeId='5' 
AND tct.transcriptCollectionTypeId='1'
AND e.announceddateutc between '2008-01-01' and '2017-12-31'

ORDER BY t.transcriptid, c.companyid, tc.componentOrder ) 
TO '/tmp/yourfile.txt' delimiter ';'; 


If you are using Windows as a server, then you just need to use a Windows path instead of /tmp. 

This is good if you have postgresql in your local machine or have some access in the server that postgresql is stored, then you can also use a path in the file name to put the file in some directory that is shared (via samba, Windows Share or NFS for example) with you or with your PHP/Java system. Guarantee postgresql user has access to the directory -- tmp is world writable because that i used it as a example. 

Good lucky!