Find all the queries executed recently on a database
This query returned some odd results (most of which were a bunch of sprocs). Moreover, all these results show queries executed since today afternoon (I need queries from morning).


That's because you are looking in the procedure cache, and the plans that were used for the morning might no longer live there (due to memory pressure, server/instance restart, manually clearing the proc cache, etc.).

The real way to get the queries executed against an instance (or more specifically a database) would be to create a SQL Trace or an Extended Events session.  Properly created, either of these will give you the information you are looking for.

If you are looking for execution statistics of this morning and only this morning (i.e. setting up the aforementioned monitoring implementations as a proactive and to-do-next-time task isn't sufficient), then unless that was already created there will be no way natively to get this information.

For future reference, start with a SQL Trace that captures the SQL:StmtCompleted event.  In XE it would be the sql_statement_completed event.

In my opinion, instead of continuing your search for remnants of query execution statistics I would start spending time on figuring out how to re-execute the workload that you are trying to measure.  But this time prior to that, set up the proper tracing/monitoring.