Duplicate keys error after switching to MySQL Galera
User error.

Since when does an ip look like 41.205.7.198, 176.9.19.101?

444079-41.205.7.198, 1 implies that 41.205.7.198, 1 was what was used as the ip.  That's the first 15 characters, so I guess you have VARCHAR(15).  (Note: this is why the first comment was asking for SHOW CREATE TABLE.)

So, your funny IP got truncated, leading to a user-caused DUP KEY.