PostgreSQL 9.3: pg_dump fails due to tiger.direction_lookup
It seems that I had to re-run the AWS RDS PostGIS instructions:

CREATE FUNCTION exec(text) returns text language plpgsql volatile AS $f$ BEGIN EXECUTE $1; RETURN $1; END; $f$;
SELECT exec('ALTER TABLE ' || quote_ident(s.nspname) || '.' || quote_ident(s.relname) || ' OWNER TO rds_superuser')
  FROM (
    SELECT nspname, relname
    FROM pg_class c JOIN pg_namespace n ON (c.relnamespace = n.oid) 
    WHERE nspname in ('tiger','topology') AND
    relkind IN ('r','S','v') ORDER BY relkind = 'S')
s;   


This is clearly an RDS Bug, because these instructions should not be executed more than once.

Perhaps this happened due to a database minor version upgrade.