Oracle allows inserting into table even after revoking quota
When you inserted the first row in the empty table, Oracle allocated an extent, which typically contains 8 blocks with default settings for the first extent of a table. 8 blocks (typical size of single block is 8 KB) can store a lot more than 1 row, so even though you revoked the quota, that space is already allocated, and you can write into it, which is expected behavior.
Try inserting a lot more rows and eventually you will get the same error message about the quota.