Select same records that only have different values for a particular column
Here's an example of using EXISTS and a correlated subquery.  I tested on SQL Server, but will probably work on other RDBMS's.

drop table if exists table1
CREATE TABLE Table1
    (LASTNAME varchar(7), MIDDLENAME varchar(1), FIRSTNAME varchar(5), SSN int, BIRTHDAY varchar(9))
;

INSERT INTO Table1
    (LASTNAME, MIDDLENAME, FIRSTNAME, SSN, BIRTHDAY)
VALUES
    ('Jones', 'M', 'Carol', 1234, '17-DEC-45'),
    ('Jones', 'M', 'Carol', 1234, '17-DEC-45'),
    ('Jones', 'M', 'Carol', 4425, '20-APR-70'),
    ('Black', 'S', 'Ted', 5555, '15-MAY-57'),
    ('Roberts', 'T', 'Cole', 1412, '14-MAY-57'),
    ('Roberts', 'T', 'Cole', 1412, '20-OCT-57'),
    ('Roberts', 'S', 'Cole', 1412, '15-MAY-57')
;


SELECT *
FROM table1 t1
WHERE EXISTS (
        SELECT *
        FROM table1
        WHERE LASTNAME = t1.LASTNAME
            AND MIDDLENAME = t1.MIDDLENAME
            AND FIRSTNAME = t1.FIRSTNAME
            AND SSN = t1.SSN
            AND BIRTHDAY &lt;&gt; t1.BIRTHDAY
        )




| LASTNAME | MIDDLENAME | FIRSTNAME | SSN  | BIRTHDAY  |
|----------|------------|-----------|------|-----------|
| Roberts  | T          | Cole      | 1412 | 14-MAY-57 |
| Roberts  | T          | Cole      | 1412 | 20-OCT-57 |