How to Prevent Partitioned Columnstore Deadlocks on SELECT
Since you're on SQL Server 2016, it's worth mentioning that there is at least one public bug fix for parallel deadlocks involving columnstore indexes:

FIX: A deadlock occurs when you run a parallel query on a clustered columnstore index in SQL Server 2016 and 2017

(thanks to Denis Rubashkin for providing the link initially)

This was released as part of SP1 CU7.  If you're not up to that CU, you should give that a shot.  This fix would also be included in SP2 (any of the CUs).

In general, the two approaches for fixing intra-query parallelism deadlocks:


avoid parallelism (by tuning the query so that it doesn't go parallel, using a MAXDOP hint, etc.) - this is covered in the other answer by Thomas Costers
apply the latest service pack / cumulative updates to SQL Server