Postgresql AUTOVACUUM ANALYSE parameters for a specified table
Since your table has 15998 pages but only 150 rows, it must be quite bloated.  A one time VACUUM FULL or CLUSTER should fix that.  Then the question would be whether it will just get bloated again.  

In order to make it more aggressive, you would probably need to lower autovacuum_naptime (unless you have already done so) because it is already being vacuumed very often.

10 seconds is about how long I would expect it to take to analyze a table of that size under default autovac io throttling settings.  But in that case, it is hard to believe that it is consuming a meaningful amount of CPU time.  Have you measured the CPU usage?

What is the lock interfering with?  If you are routinely running commands that conflict with an ANALYZE, that could explain why the table got so bloated in the first place.