Creating a global temp table in a SQL Agent job
The difference between global and local temp tables isn't how long they exist, it's who can see them.

Local temp tables can only be seen by the session (spid) that created them.  Global temp tables can be seen by everyone, but only while the session that created them is active.

If you are running it in a SQL Agent job, as soon as it completes it disappears. That's why you can't access it, because it is no longer there.