Oracle - Search a value in all columns of a table
As far as I can tell it's not possible to search all columns of a table for a value without referencing all of the column names that you want to search in some way in the query.

If all of your columns have compatible data types and you just want to return any rows that have at least one column that matches your value here is one way to accomplish that:

SELECT *
FROM tablename
WHERE 'value' IN (col1, col2, ... col53);


If you don't want to go through the work of writing out all of the column names or if you need to generate these types of queries for many different tables you can automate the query writing using Oracle's metadata views. For example, you can generate a list of all column names for a table by querying the ALL_TAB_COLUMNS view. Something like this should work:

SELECT LISTAGG(COLUMN_NAME, ', ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY COLUMN_ID) 
from ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
WHERE OWNER = 'TABLE_OWNER' -- replace with the owner
AND TABLE_NAME = 'tablename'; -- replace with the table name