SQL Query too slow on SUM function
(Moved my comment to an answer, and expanded a bit.)


  I cannot create indexed views as I've some calculations as well like SUM(Volume * CaseCount) AS SomeColumn which is not allowed in indexed views and also it's a dynamic query and grouping and joins are based on user input.


From the plan you provided, the clustered index scan is 3.5x overestimated, and the Sort is an order of magnitude underestimated which caused a spill to tempdb. Performance may improve after updating statistics.

However, based on your reply, if this schema is servicing "random" queries against that amount of data, it's going to be extremely challenging and/or expensive to get good performance for all the possible combinations.

For this type of workload, I think the only realistic way to meet the performance goal would be to abandon trying to find a database engine solution, and use Analysis Services instead.