Archiving tables with Access frontend and linked SQL Server
Try creating a separate historical file with nothing but the archived data table. In the example below you can see there is a linked table. I imagine your linked SQL table appears similar but pictured as a blue globe and is connected. Right click the linked table and select Convert to Local Table. This will sever the link and create a local table. Name it [tblYourTable_2016] for example. 

OR

You could create a Make Table Query and recreate it that way as well. Either way I would keep the history files in a separate and secure file. 

[]