Oracle 12c: installing expdp and impdp on Linux
Data Pump utilities are installed automatically during the installation of Oracle Database. It should be working without any issues as long as the environment variables(PATH, ORACLE_HOME) are set properly. To set PATH and ORACLE_HOME variable permanently-

1) Log in as oracle user in the OS.

2) [oracle@ora12c Desktop]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin


3)[oracle@ora12c Desktop]$ . ~/.bash_profile

4)Check the value of the variables. 

[oracle@ora12c Desktop]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
[oracle@ora12c ~]$ echo $PATH
.:/usr/local/java/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/oracle/bin:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin


5) Try to run expdp

[oracle@ora12c Desktop]$ expdp 

Export: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Tue Oct 4 16:46:44 2016

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Setting Oracle Environment Variables