deploy data from sql 2016 backup to azure database
You need a live DB to export to Azure, which would require you to restore it locally. Once that is done, you can create a .BACPAC file on Azure storage and restore it, or set up transactional replication, and there are a few other methods as well.

The .BACPAC migration process looks to be the simplest, even if it isn't that simple. Honestly, this page explains it better than I can. Bruno Terklay is at least a minor demigod over at Microsoft, and this is really well written. All credit to him, not me.