How can I see what called a stored procedure?
Internally within a stored procedure there is no way (that I'm aware of) to determine the calling proc. There are two workarounds that I use

1.
This one wont actually be identifiable for a profiler run but can be useful in auditing.

When calling any SP call it with isnull(@procID,@@procID) (into a value called @procID), this will mean that it will hold the stored procedure ID (which can get you the schema and name) of whatever stored procedure was first called, by anything (be it a person or automated call (note this can technically be spoofed by someone manually adding in the  @procID to the initial call)

This is quite a bit of work depending on how many things you want to audit. and generates overheads in your db but will get you exactly what your after just in.

2.
The easiest way is each of the different routes into your system has its own login, so you have a login for updating users credentials, a different login for another action. This once again can be a lot of work, but will get you the information you want directly from the profiler, it also will make your system a lot more secure if the logins are stored securely as if one login is compromised then there is only that very specific are is effected someone doesn't have access to your entire system

Aditionally depending on how it is being called there is the potential (if you're using php this isnt possible if you have a more complex back end with iss / .net in the background you may be able to set the program_name field for the login, once again this will show up in the profiler and if you have the proc name your calling you can amend that into the program name (WebLogin-schema.usp_procname for example)

Hope this somewhat helps
Ste