Query runs in parallel but it is showing as blocked by itself
Multiple parallel threads for the same query all share the same session_id, or spid.
Kendra Little did a great write-up showing that here.
Erik Darling also has a great, if only tangentially related, post about it here
If your query is blocking itself, that indicates one thread is taking longer to complete its work; this might mean you have out-of-date statistics on the tables in question, or simply that the data distribution is skewed such that one thread is receiving far more work than the other threads.
Also, @Josh Darnell mentioned on a very similar question, when you see multiple connection_ids for the same spid, it is because they have an application using Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS).
In reference to the number of threads being 5, even though the Maximum Degree of Parallelism is set to 4, the 5th thread is a coordinator thread that is waiting for results from the 4 parallel threads.  It is completely normal for the scheduler_id to be the same for multiple queries since schedulers are related to processors, not threads.  See the Microsoft Docs for details.  This query will show you the count of requests for each scheduler:
SELECT dos.scheduler_address
    , dos.scheduler_id
    , dos.active_workers_count
    , RequestCount = (
          SELECT COUNT(1) 
          FROM sys.dm_exec_requests der 
          WHERE dos.scheduler_id = der.scheduler_id
      )
FROM sys.dm_os_schedulers dos
ORDER BY dos.scheduler_id;

Results from my laptop look like this:
╔════════════════════╦══════════════╦══════════════════════╦══════════════╗
║ scheduler_address  ║ scheduler_id ║ active_workers_count ║ RequestCount ║
╠════════════════════╬══════════════╬══════════════════════╬══════════════╣
║ 0x00000017F7280040 ║            0 ║                    6 ║            4 ║
║ 0x00000017F72A0040 ║            1 ║                    7 ║            5 ║
║ 0x00000017F72C0040 ║            2 ║                    7 ║            5 ║
║ 0x00000017F72E0040 ║            3 ║                    6 ║            6 ║
║ 0x00000017F7A00040 ║      1048576 ║                    1 ║            0 ║
║ 0x00000017F7880040 ║      1048578 ║                    1 ║            1 ║
║ 0x00000017F1980040 ║      1048579 ║                    1 ║            1 ║
║ 0x00000017F19A0040 ║      1048580 ║                    1 ║            1 ║
║ 0x00000017F19C0040 ║      1048581 ║                    1 ║            1 ║
║ 0x00000017F78A0040 ║      1048582 ║                    1 ║            0 ║
║ 0x00000017F78C0040 ║      1048583 ║                    1 ║            0 ║
║ 0x00000017EB020040 ║      1048584 ║                    1 ║            1 ║
╚════════════════════╩══════════════╩══════════════════════╩══════════════╝