Isn't global temporary table global?
A global temporary table is global, because its definition is persisted an other sessions can use the table as well, given that they have the necessary privilege on it. The content of the table is of course specific to the session using it.

Creating Global Temporary Tables


  Global temporary tables are permanent database objects that are stored
  on disk and visible to all sessions connected to the database.


Yes, you need to grant the privileges on it for other users or roles, if you want this to be accessible to them.

Oracle did not have other any other type of temporary table, up until 18c, which introduced Private Temporary Tables, which are similar to temporary tables in SQL Server:

Creating Private Temporary Tables


  Private temporary tables are temporary database objects that are
  dropped at the end of a transaction or session. Private temporary
  tables are stored in memory and each one is visible only to the
  session that created it.