Find Stored procedure which are using temp tables
Unfortunately, SQL Server doesn't store any type of metadata or dependency information about temp tables potentially created inside of them, so you'll have to parse. A first pass could be:

SELECT [schema] = s.name, 
  [procedure] = p.name 
FROM sys.procedures AS p
INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS s
ON p.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
WHERE OBJECT_DEFINITION(p.[object_id]) LIKE N'%#%';


You'll get some false positives, probably. You can tighten down the search space with various approaches, like:

LOWER(OBJECT_DEFINITION(p.[object_id])) LIKE N'%create%table%#%';
OR LOWER(OBJECT_DEFINITION(p.[object_id])) LIKE N'%select%into%#%';


But those things could still appear in a comment or in multiple completely unrelated statements.