mariadb Unknown system variable 'server_uuid'
MariaDB doesn't have that variable, MySQL has. MariaDB is not a drop-in replacement for MySQL. The error you see makes me think that replication from 10.1 to 5.7 is not possible.

One could investigate more, but take a look at this compatibility table: there is not an explicit incompatibility statement, but at least they don't guarantee that replicating from 10.1 to 5.7 is possible.

Even if you choose to assume that such replication is possible and find a way to set it up, MySQL supports some syntax that MariaDB 10.1 does not support - not because it's more advanced, but because they took different directions. Such statements will break replication.