Quickly restore test/QA SQL Server database
I believe you could use database snapshots. Though snapshot can not replace full database backup, since it contains only amended pages from the moment the snapshot was created.

Essentially, you restore the production database onto the development server, take a snapshot, perform whatever test work you need to.  When you need to return to the original state of the database, revert the snapshot.

Here is MSDN articles that describes process of recovery to the state before a snapshot was taken.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189281.aspx