Execute a query but not return results to client
You can use SET STATISTICS TIME ON to get the exact amount of time the server spends executing the query. 



And Client Statistics can help determine the amount of time the client spends consuming it. 

From Brent Ozar:
https://www.brentozar.com/archive/2012/12/sql-server-management-studio-include-client-statistics-button/


  Some really valuable information can be found here, such as the number
  of INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, and SELECT statements – think of how useful
  that can be when tuning a complex stored procedure. You can see the
  number of rows affected or returned, and the number of transactions
  executed.
  
  The network statistics lets you see how much traffic is moving from
  your client to the server and back.
  
  The time statistics tells you how much time was spent processing on
  the client versus how much time was spent waiting for the server.
  These figures are in milliseconds.


I've often used it as a way to compare stored procedure performance executed with different parameters, especially useful when changing those parameters affects the volume of data processed and returned. 

From SQL Server Management Studio



Once selected, every execution using the same session, will add a new column with performance results for that execution.



Some more info here as well: https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2009/10/01/sql-server-sql-server-management-studio-and-client-statistics/

Test using sysjobhistory

use msdb
go

set statistics time on

select * from dbo.sysjobhistory
go


From message tab:

(18 rows affected)

SQL Server Execution Times:
   CPU time = 0 ms,  elapsed time = 3 ms.

From Client Statistics Tab



3 milliseconds to execute from SET STATISTICS TIME ON and 5 milliseconds Client processing time from the Client Statistics Tab.