best way to run sql server management studio on linux
You can't run Sql Server Management Studio on Linux. But there is an alternative that is provided by Microsoft called Azure Data Studio. Not all features are available in Azure Data Studio that are available in Sql Server Management Studio - the main difference is that Azure Data Studio is missing a lot of the wizards that are available in SSMS.

Use Azure Data Studio if you:

Need to run on macOS or Linux
Are connecting to a SQL Server 2019 big data cluster
Spend most of your time editing or executing queries
Need the ability to quickly chart and visualize result sets
Can execute most administrative tasks via the integrated terminal using sqlcmd or Powershell
Have minimal need for wizard experiences
Do not need to do deep administrative configuration

Use SQL Server Management Studio if you:

Spend most of your time on database administration tasks
Are doing deep administrative configuration
Are doing security management, including user management, vulnerability assessment, and configuration of security features
Make use of the Reports for SQL Server Query Store
Need to make use of performance tuning advisors and dashboards
Are doing import/export of DACPACs
Need access to Registered Servers and want to control SQL Server services on Windows


The snippet above is taken from Sql Server Blog and provides a comparison of features.
If you are happy to pay for a tool, then take a look at Aqua Data Studio and SQL Maestro which have quite a lot of features and a wide range of support for other database platforms.