How to restore MySQL database files without having a MySQL instance?
Danblack already mentioned being restricted to one major difference, but after trying to copy data files back and forth I was not able to get my database up and running.
In the end I set up a Virtual Machine with Windows 7 and started installing MySQL versions starting from version 5 until I got to a working database.
Once my database was up and running in the VM, I could then export all schemas from there to be imported later on in my Windows 10 database.
Not the most elegant of solutions, but it worked in the end, and could help other people who are faced with the same situation.