query to determine forceencryption state
To determine the setting you need to read from the registry. Replace your version/instancename in the query below:

EXEC [master].[dbo].[xp_regread]    @rootkey='HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
                                    @key='SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL&lt;version&gt;.&lt;instancename&gt;\MSSQLServer\SuperSocketNetLib',
                                    @value_name='ForceEncryption'   


You should be able to get the correct path from dm_server_registry which unfortunately doesn't give me the ForceEncryption property.

SELECT registry_key, value_name, value_data
FROM sys.dm_server_registry


To determine the current connections encryption state you can just select them from sys.dm_exec_connections

SELECT encrypt_option, *
FROM sys.dm_exec_connections