Problem getting SQL Server 2016 R Services (In-Database) working
We wound up having to copy two folders (MSSQLSERVER01 and MSSQLSERVER02) from our Sql Server install directory, which for us was located here

E:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\ExtensibilityData


We copied the above folders to the new WORKING_DIRECTORY (C:\TEMP\R_SERVICES) we had specified in the rlauncher.config file.

After that, we were able to run the sample R_Services testing query

exec sp_execute_external_script  @language =N'R',  
@script=N'OutputDataSet&lt;-InputDataSet',    
@input_data_1 =N'select 1 as hello'  
with result sets (([hello] int not null));  
go