Windows Authentication fails with "Cannot generate SSPI context"
You can find a more information on Kerberos from the CSS team here. As well Microsoft released a tool that can help you identify Kerberos issues, download that here.

To troubleshoot, check your error log that shows the startup of your instance after you changed the service account to that new domain. In a perfect world you will see a message like this:


  The SQL Server Network Interface library successfully registered the Service Principal Name (SPN) MSSQLSvc/&lt;servername&gt;


If it fails it will show a similar message just with a failure and should provide an error code. If not check your Windows Event log for similar events around startup time of SQL Server.

To fix the issue you need to follow the KB article you provided. It is not old and is still current, check the "Applies to" section where it list all the editions of SQL Server 2012.