Similar function NOWAIT in MySQL
MySQL provides the ability to set application-specific locking using the GET_LOCK() function. You can check if the mutex has been taken by using the IS_FREE_LOCK() function. 

You can refer this thread for detail:
http://forums.mysql.com/read.php?22,45679,45679#msg-45679

Also, 
Non-blocking queries are not supported by MySQL:

http://lists.mysql.com/mysql/219041