MySQL - Search Alphanumeric string using wildcards - underscore (_) and asterisk (*)
If you want to eliminate the 177 value, you have to do the following (see the fiddle here):
CREATE TABLE p (p_id VARCHAR (25));

and populate it:
INSERT INTO p VALUES
('110177'),
('110177T'),
('177');

and then run the following SQL:
SELECT * FROM p WHERE p_id LIKE '___177%';

Result:
p_id
110177
110177T

Note that the ___177% (3 underscores) predicate here will pick up all values that have 3 characters (any single character) followed by 177 followed by any other characters or none.
This is due to the difference between the % (percent) wildcard and _ (underscore) - the _ means that the placeholder represents one, and precisely one character whereas the % wildcard represents 0 or more characters.
So, the 177 isn't picked up because it has no characters before the 177 - it's  explained well here.
The != solution proposed by @Akina will also work but it implies knowing the values to be excluded in advance - my reading of your question is that you want to eliminate any really short product_ids and not just particular ones!
If you have more sophisticated requirements, you should take a look at regular expressions - an example from PostgreSQL can be found here - MySQL documentation here.
p.s. welcome to the forum!