Problems caused by SQL Server 2016 Query Store
This was a known bug with Query Store on Standard and Express.


  Automatic data cleanup fails on editions other than Enterprise and Developer. Consequently, space used by the Query Store will grow over time until configured limit is reached, if data is not purged manually. If not mitigated, this issue will also fill up disk space allocated for the error logs, as every attempt to execute cleanup will produce a dump file. Cleanup activation period depends on the workload frequency, but it is no longer than 15 min.


The work around is to turn off cleanup policies and manually clear query store data. 

to clear all query store data

ALTER DATABASE &lt;database name&gt; SET QUERY_STORE CLEAR


to selectively clear data

sp_query_store_reset_exec_stats

sp_query_store_remove_plan

sp_query_store_remove_query


The issue was first fixed in Cumulative Update 1 for SQL Server 2016:

Query Store automatic data cleanup fails on editions other than Enterprise and Developer edition of SQL Server 2016 (KB 3178297)