Does binary logging apply to ColumnStore?
Reading the official documentation at Overview of the Binary Log (MariaDB | Knowledge Base) the first paragraph states:

The binary log contains a record of all changes to the databases, both data and structure, as well as how long each statement took to execute. It consists of a set of binary log files and an index.

If you rummage through MariaDB's ColumnStore documentation you will eventually find the article labelled ColumnStore Storage Architecture which in the last paragraph Transaction Log mentions:

MariaDB ColumnStore supports logging committed transaction to the server's Binary Log.

Your Question

Is binary logging independent of the storage engine used?

Yes, following the documentation we have come full circle. Any changes to the data are logged; be it a normal storage engine or the new ColumnStore engine.