Too many records on database and how to handle it? MySQL is it good to clone?
Partitioning and proper indexing plus do not forget proper multi server setup. Start from MySQL documentation on indexing and partitioning. When you hit such db size you should be able to afford somebody who knows what to do.

For big datasets you might want to look in to other solutions like Hadoop. Do not forget caching Redis/memcached.

Based of my experience with big data sets. Your table has too many columns, does not have proper indexing. So in case you do proper indexing and partitioning on production(properly setup) speed on indexed, partitioned columns would start degrade after 40,000,000-50,000,000
 per partition.