postgresql: PANIC: cannot operate with inconsistent data
The main problem was different configuration in postgres.conf, after modifying shared_buffers and several others (configuration based on pgtune for given hardware):

maintenance_work_mem = 1GB
effective_cache_size = 22GB
work_mem = 15MB
wal_buffers = 8MB
shared_buffers = 7680MB
max_connections = 1024


After that I've hit another error:

2016-04-18 15:36:39 UTC [5150-1] FATAL:  could not create semaphores: No space left on device
2016-04-18 15:36:39 UTC [5150-2] DETAIL:  Failed system call was semget(5432064, 17, 03600).
2016-04-18 15:36:39 UTC [5150-3] HINT:  This error does *not* mean that you have run out of disk space.
  It occurs when either the system limit for the maximum number of semaphore sets
 (SEMMNI), or the system wide maximum number of semaphores (SEMMNS), would be 
 exceeded. You need to raise the respective kernel parameter.  Alternatively, 
 reduce PostgreSQL's consumption of semaphores by reducing its max_connections
 parameter. The PostgreSQL documentation contains more information about
configuring your system for PostgreSQL.


Which could be fixed by increasing kernel limits:

echo 250 32000 256 256 &gt; /proc/sys/kernel/sem


(this shouldn't be needed for PostgreSQL > 9.3)