Updating whole table once, criteria : column_name and each value
This is a very simple query. You can use a CASE expression, one for each column that needs updating:

UPDATE table_name
SET other1 = CASE WHEN other1 &lt;=  0 THEN other1    -- no change
                  WHEN other1 &lt;  50 THEN other1 * 10
                  WHEN other1 &lt; 120 THEN other1 *  5
                  WHEN other1 &lt; 230 THEN other1 *  2
                  -- possibly more WHEN..THEN clauses 
                  ELSE other1
             END,
    other2 = CASE WHEN other2 &lt;=  0 THEN other2       -- no change
                  WHEN other2 &lt;  50 THEN other2 * 10
                  WHEN other2 &lt; 120 THEN other2 *  5
                  WHEN other2 &lt; 230 THEN other2 *  2 
                  ELSE other2
             END,
    --- repeat similarly for all columns that need updating
  ;