Recommended ways to upgrade AlwaysOn AG from 2014 to 2016
The short answer is yes, much the same as when you mirror from a lower version to a higher version.  Make sure you do not have the 2016 as readable so it's not trying to upgrade the database version.  That said I haven't tried this, just going on how log shipping/mirroring work.

If it works it is only supported doing this as a means to upgrade, leaving 2014 replicating to a 2016 replica for extended periods of time is not going to be supported by MSFT if you hit an issue.