'ORA-00059: maximum number of files exceeded' on Oracle 12c
The answer was posted as an update to the question:

It looks like the following resolves the issue: Bug 18522516 12.1.0.1.4 (Jul 2014) Database Patch Set Update (PSU)
One note though, I had to bounce the database before I could create a new pluggable database. As, I preformed all the steps that I saw in the doc:
Apply the patch using opatch apply Startup/Open all pdbs Run datapatch -verbose
Then I had to bounce the database to resolve my issue.