Filter Condition Difference - Where Clause vs Join Condition
1) will show student names that begins with "A" and whose location is New York.
2) will show all student names that begin with "A" , 'New York' if student state is New York, or null in other cases ( there is no corresponding state, or student state is not New York)

Difference between (1) and (2) - (1) will not have non-New York students.