Copy PostgreSQL database from a remote server
If the DB server takes database connections from your host (usually on port 5432), then you don't need to use SSH.  In this case, you need to do the following:

pg_dump -h your_db_host -U db_user -C db_name | psql -h localhost -d local_db_name -U local_db_user


If you can only connect to your database from the host itself, you have to add the SSH logic from your MySQL example.

With -C, you will get a CREATE DATABASE command in the beginning of the dump so you don't have to create it yourself.  The above command will ask for a password twice unless you store these in a .pgpass file (assuming you are on linux/Unix).  Also, the local connection may be different if your DB doesn't listen on TCP (in this case just omit the -h localhost part).  

For further details and options, see pg_dump documentation.