What is the maximum number of rows in a clustered index on datetime column?
The number of rows is limited only by available storage. i.e. there isn't one.

Maximum Capacity Specifications for SQL Server

I suspect it might actually be 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 rows (maximum size of a bigint). To put that number of rows into context, if you inserted a billion rows per day, it would take approximately 25,269,512 years to exhaust.

Update: please read comments below, as they talk specifically about the uniqueifier.