Viewing the SQL of a view from a backup set
Using native tools, no.  Idera Virtual Database will allow you to read the backup file in the manner you're describing.  Other tools, such as SQL Litespeed and Red Gate SQL Backup will allow you to do object level recovery.  However, you will have to pay for these tools (though you might be able to get away with using the trials short term).

Otherwise, you'll need to restore the database file somewhere.  This is why it is important to also back up your schema to script files or store your database object definitions in source control.