SQL Server job to use external Powershell
As requested, here is an example of the process.  The step should look like this, though

Job Step Command
Set the step to be a cmdexec job and then run powershell through that.  It lets you use the latest version of powershell as well as configure the powershell environment for that user (if you want).  The step command will look like the one below, complete with arguments for the example.  Remember to put quotes around strings that contain spaces.

Powershell.exe -noprofile -executionpolicy bypass -file "C:\Scripts\DailyRestoreScript.ps1" -Arguments -SourceSQLInstance 'localhost\jdf2016' -SourceDatabaseName 'AdventureWorks' -TargetSQLInstance 'localhost\jdf2016' -TargetDatabaseName 'AdventureWorks2'

Complete Job

USE [msdb]
GO

/****** Object:  Job [DailyRestore_ADWorks]    Script Date: 2/16/2017 9:00:51 AM ******/
BEGIN TRANSACTION
DECLARE @ReturnCode INT
SELECT @ReturnCode = 0
/****** Object:  JobCategory [[Uncategorized (Local)]]    Script Date: 2/16/2017 9:00:51 AM ******/
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT name FROM msdb.dbo.syscategories WHERE name=N'[Uncategorized (Local)]' AND category_class=1)
BEGIN
EXEC @ReturnCode = msdb.dbo.sp_add_category @class=N'JOB', @type=N'LOCAL', @name=N'[Uncategorized (Local)]'
IF (@@ERROR &lt;&gt; 0 OR @ReturnCode &lt;&gt; 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback

END

DECLARE @jobId BINARY(16)
EXEC @ReturnCode =  msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'DailyRestore_ADWorks', 
        @enabled=1, 
        @notify_level_eventlog=0, 
        @notify_level_email=0, 
        @notify_level_netsend=0, 
        @notify_level_page=0, 
        @delete_level=0, 
        @description=N'Daily restore AD Works from backup', 
        @category_name=N'[Uncategorized (Local)]', 
        @owner_login_name='XXXXX\JFite', @job_id = @jobId OUTPUT
IF (@@ERROR &lt;&gt; 0 OR @ReturnCode &lt;&gt; 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback
/****** Object:  Step [Restore ADWorks]    Script Date: 2/16/2017 9:00:51 AM ******/
EXEC @ReturnCode = msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep @job_id=@jobId, @step_name=N'Restore ADWorks', 
        @step_id=1, 
        @cmdexec_success_code=0, 
        @on_success_action=1, 
        @on_success_step_id=0, 
        @on_fail_action=2, 
        @on_fail_step_id=0, 
        @retry_attempts=0, 
        @retry_interval=0, 
        @os_run_priority=0, @subsystem=N'CmdExec', 
        @command=N'Powershell.exe -noprofile -executionpolicy bypass -file "C:\Scripts\DailyRestoreScript.ps1" -Arguments -SourceSQLInstance ''localhost\jdf2016'' -SourceDatabaseName ''AdventureWorks'' -TargetSQLInstance ''localhost\jdf2016'' -TargetDatabaseName ''AdventureWorks2''', 
        @flags=0
IF (@@ERROR &lt;&gt; 0 OR @ReturnCode &lt;&gt; 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback
EXEC @ReturnCode = msdb.dbo.sp_update_job @job_id = @jobId, @start_step_id = 1
IF (@@ERROR &lt;&gt; 0 OR @ReturnCode &lt;&gt; 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback
EXEC @ReturnCode = msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_id = @jobId, @server_name = N'(local)'
IF (@@ERROR &lt;&gt; 0 OR @ReturnCode &lt;&gt; 0) GOTO QuitWithRollback
COMMIT TRANSACTION
GOTO EndSave
QuitWithRollback:
    IF (@@TRANCOUNT &gt; 0) ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
EndSave:

GO