Find closest match in two columns, one containing wildcards
To achieve that result you would have to use the LIKE operator and a REPLACE on the join like this:
CREATE TABLE T1 (Col1 varchar(256));

INSERT INTO T1
VALUES ('EXAMPLE A'), ('EXAMPLE B'), ('EXAMPLF A');

CREATE TABLE T2 (Col1 varchar(256));

INSERT INTO T2
VALUES ('EXAMPL*[AB]');

SELECT T1.Col1, T2.Col1
FROM T1
    INNER JOIN T2 ON T1.Col1 LIKE REPLACE(T2.Col1, '*', '%');

If you check the Arguments section of the logical operator LIKE, you'll see that the * does not stand for 'any string of zero or more characters' in SQL Server that's the role of %. The use of square brackets of your sample on the other hand is the same used in SQL Server, so it will work as expected without any change.