incorrect result when filtering by association
You need one more join (a LEFT join with IS NULL check) or a NOT EXISTS subquery and to move the condition (reversed!) there:

SELECT * FROM dockets
INNER JOIN entries 
ON entries.docket_id = docket.id 
WHERE NOT EXISTS
      ( SELECT 1
        FROM entries AS e
        WHERE e.docket_id = docket.id 
          AND e.docket_type LIKE '%PENDING%'
      ) ;