Bulk database update/insert from CSV file
There's a nice technology available in Oracle called External Tables. In your scenario, you could access your external plain-text data using External Tables from within the database and update your existing data in database with SQL statements you love and are used to – for example, INSERT, MERGE etc.

In most cases, using Oracle supplied utilities is the best way to perform ETL. And because your question sounds more like administrative one I suggest you to look at my previous post on DBA Stack Exchange "Update Oracle database from CSV".

UPDATE: This approach works pretty well for reading external data in database. Generally, you define external data format every time you need to process the plain-text file which has new format. Once external table is created you can query it just like a real database table. Whenever there is a new data to import, you just replace the underlying file(s) on the fly without need to recreate external table(s). Since external table can be queried as any other database table, you can write SQL statements to populate other database tables.

The overhead of using External Tables is usually lower compared to other techniques you would implement manually because this technology was designed with performance in mind taking into account the Oracle Database architecture.