How can I get partition name from value in MySQL/MariaDB
information_schema.PARTITIONS.PARTITION_DESCRIPTION


Consider naming the partitions in an obvious way, such as

p20200419


to contain data for the 19th (and defined LESS THAN ('2020-04-20'))

More tips:  http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/partitionmaint and its companion:  http://mysql.rjweb.org/demo_part_maint.pl.txt

Example

Given:

SHOW CREATE TABLE pmdemo.pmdemo\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: pmdemo
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `pmdemo` (
  `dt` datetime NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (TO_DAYS(dt))
(PARTITION `start` VALUES LESS THAN (0) ENGINE = MyISAM,
 PARTITION from20121008 VALUES LESS THAN (735150) ENGINE = MyISAM,
 PARTITION from20121009 VALUES LESS THAN (735151) ENGINE = MyISAM,
 PARTITION from20121010 VALUES LESS THAN (735152) ENGINE = MyISAM,
 PARTITION from20121011 VALUES LESS THAN (735153) ENGINE = MyISAM,
 PARTITION future VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = MyISAM) */
1 row in set (0.01 sec)


This select:

mysql&gt; SELECT * FROM information_schema.`PARTITIONS`
      WHERE table_name = 'pmdemo'
        AND partition_description = TO_DAYS('2012-10-10')\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************
                TABLE_CATALOG: def
                 TABLE_SCHEMA: pmdemo
                   TABLE_NAME: pmdemo
               PARTITION_NAME: from20121009  -- the partition name
            SUBPARTITION_NAME: NULL
   PARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION: 3
SUBPARTITION_ORDINAL_POSITION: NULL
             PARTITION_METHOD: RANGE
          SUBPARTITION_METHOD: NULL
         PARTITION_EXPRESSION: TO_DAYS(ft) -- a convenient formula for time-series
      SUBPARTITION_EXPRESSION: NULL
        PARTITION_DESCRIPTION: 735151  -- the TO_DAYS() in the query
                   TABLE_ROWS: 0
               AVG_ROW_LENGTH: 0
                  DATA_LENGTH: 0
              MAX_DATA_LENGTH: 1970324836974591
                 INDEX_LENGTH: 1024
                    DATA_FREE: 0
                  CREATE_TIME: 2017-01-09 13:49:01
                  UPDATE_TIME: 2017-01-09 13:49:01
                   CHECK_TIME: NULL
                     CHECKSUM: NULL
            PARTITION_COMMENT: 
                    NODEGROUP: default
              TABLESPACE_NAME: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)