Create table from stored procedure result
If you're really committed to this type of activity then there is a lot of dynamic sql in your future.  Everything you describe is possible.  But tread very lightly as dynamic sql opens some doors that you may wish later on had stayed closed.

One of the most classic articles in the history of dynamic sql can be found here.  It's called the blessing and curse of dynamic sql.  You give that a thorough review and you should understand your options better.

http://www.sommarskog.se/dynamic_sql.html

This specific section is very pertinent to your question.

http://www.sommarskog.se/dynamic_sql.html#Cre_tbl

Note that the author identifies a key point.  If you're doing this your violating some fundamentals of relational database design.  Now, I'm all for breaking the rules, as long as you understand the tradeoff and the purpose of the rules being broken.  But, the question is valid.  What are you really trying to accomplish?