Differences between Latin1_General_CI_AS and Latin_General_BIN collations?
_BIN will order in the binary (ASCII order) of characters while CI_AS will use dictionary order with case insensitivity and accent sensitivity so BIN will treat "A" and "a" as different characters and order them accordingly and sort the alphabet in this order.


  ...XYZ[]^_`abc


That is the characters will be sorted by their ASCII code values

As a simple test


declare @Chartable table (character char (1))
insert into @Chartable (character)
Values ('a'),('A'),('z'),('Z'),('_'),('æ'),('Æ')
SELECT  character COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN 
   from @Chartable order by character COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN
SELECT  character  COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS 
   from @Chartable order by character COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS
SELECT distinct character COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN 
   from @Chartable order by character COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN
SELECT distinct character  COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS 
   from @Chartable order by character COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AS