The operating system returned error 665(The requested operation could not be completed due to a file system limitation) on SQL Server 2014
DBCC creates a database snapshot, and database snapshots are implemented using NTFS sparse files. Error 665 reported for DBCC has been reported before, and blogged about by the CSS team, read:


SQL Server reports operating system error 1450 or 1452 or 665 (retries)
Sparse File Errors: 1450 or 665 due to file fragmentation: Fixes and Workarounds


The articles linked show the problem details, and the applicable fix (depends on your OS version and configuration).