How to create a dummy Linked Server in SQL Server 2012
Create dummy, empty tables on the local server so that the procedure creation can happen.
Change the procedure code to use two-part synonyms. On the server that needs to use the linked server:

CREATE SYNONYM dbo.whatever FOR linkedserver.dbo.whatever;


On the local server that doesn't need the remote references to exist:

CREATE SYNONYM dbo.whatever FOR dbo.emptydummytable;


The stored procedure using the latter can be created thanks to deferred name resolution (which doesn't work when creating a procedure that references a linked server). This will require changing the stored procedure code, but it will be a one-time change.