How to speed up simple query
assuming you have an index on time_track

move the offsets to the other side of the inequality so that the arithmetic is only done once and so that an index on time_track can be used.

SELECT (track, distance_1, aircraft_time)
  FROM eco.tracks 
  WHERE time_track &gt;= (%s) + INTERVAL '10 seconds'
    and time_track &lt;= (%s) - INTERVAL '10 seconds'
ORDER BY distance_1 asc LIMIT 1,


etc...

or you could use BETWEEN instead of and.

SELECT (track, distance_1, aircraft_time)
  FROM eco.tracks 
  WHERE time_track BETWEEN
        (%s) - INTERVAL '10 seconds'
    AND (%s) + INTERVAL '10 seconds'
ORDER BY distance_1 asc LIMIT 1,