English version of ISO 3166-2 subdivision data
http://download.geonames.org/export/dump/
has (or used to have) asciiname names and &quot;alternatenames&quot;.  The latter is a list of names, often in a variety of languages.  Here are the alternatenames for Abu Dabi:
A-pu-that-pi,AEbu Saby,AUH,Aboe Dhabi,Abou Dabi,Abu Dabi,Abu Dabis,Abu Daby,Abu Daibi,Abu Dhabi,Abu Dhabi emiraat,Abu Zabi,Abu Zaby,Abu Zabye,Abu Zabyo,Abu Ḍabi,Abu Ḑabi,Abu-Dabi,Abu-Dabi khot,Abu-Dabio,Abu-Dzabi,Abú Dabí,Abú Daibí,Abú Zabí,Abû Daby,Abū Dabī,Abū Z̧aby,Abū Z̧abye,Abū Z̧abyo,Abū Z̧abī,Ampou Ntampi,Ebu Dabi,Ebu Dhabi,Gorad Abu-Dabi,a bu zha bi,abu dhabi,abu-dabi,abudabi,abudhabi,abw zby,abwzby,aputapi,xa bud abi,Â-pu-tha̍t-pí,Äbu Saby,Əbu-Dabi,Άμπου Ντάμπι,Αμπου Νταμπι,Αμπού Ντάμπι,Абу Даби,Абу-Даби,Абу-Даби хот,Абу-Дабі,Горад Абу-Дабі,Әбу-Даби,Աբու Դաբի,אבו דאבי,أبوظبي,ئەبووزەبی,ابو ظبى,ابوظبی,ابوظہبی,अबु धाबी,अबू धाबी,আবুধাবি,ਅਬੂ ਧਾਬੀ,ଆବୁଧାବି,அபுதாபி,ಅಬು ಧಾಬಿ,അബുദാബി,අබුඩාබි,อาบูดาบี,ཨ་པོའུ་དྷ་པེ།,အဘူဒါဘီမြို့,აბუ-დაბი,አቡ ዳቢ,アブダビ,阿布扎比,아부다비
The table is over 1GB when loaded into MySQL.  I think I downloaded it in 2016.  If you need some tips on getting around hiccups in the loading, let me know.
Ghor and Kapisa are in the table but without the macron accents.