How to configure connection accessing Sybase Anywhere from Sybase IQ via ODBC on Linux
Checked official documents for this error and could see it as below:

Source the SAP IQ setup scripts using the same user that starts the
SAP IQ server.
This will set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH and other important environment
variables.

The error could be occurring due to not setting the appropriate environment variables on the host on which SAP IQ is running.
You need to set the environment variables on Linux Box.
You my do below for setting these variables:
Change to the SAP IQ parent installation directory and execute one of the following:
For the tcsh or C (csh) shell, enter:
source ./IQ.csh

For the Korn (ksh), Bash, or Bourne (sh) shells, enter:
source ./IQ.sh

Hope this helps.