How to dump a large database?
First, make sure you have set max_allowed_packet in the appropriate section [mysqldump] of the config file my.cnf and that it does not exceed the maximal value of 1G:

[mysqldump]
max_allowed_packet=1G


Or you can also specify it at runtime (without having to change my.cnf):

mysqldump --max-allowed-packet=1G ...