How Do I Execute SSIS Catalog Packages As A Different User With TSQL?
If you create the stored procedure in SSISDB, then add the EXECUTE AS statement within the stored procedure and you can execute the package as the necessary login, which is what it looks like you're aiming to do.  As @sepupic noted, adding EXECUTE AS in the header of the SP only applies to database users.

USE SSISDB;
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE usp_Execute_Packages 

AS BEGIN 

EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'Domain\YourLogin'

Declare @execution_id bigint
EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[create_execution] @package_name=N'YourPackage.dtsx',
@execution_id=@execution_id OUTPUT, @folder_name=N'Your Folder', @project_name=N'YourProject', 
@use32bitruntime=False, @reference_id=Null

Select @execution_id

DECLARE @var0 smallint = 1
EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[set_execution_parameter_value] @execution_id,  @object_type=50,
@parameter_name=N'LOGGING_LEVEL', @parameter_value=@var0
EXEC [SSISDB].[catalog].[start_execution] @execution_id


END