Cannot continue the execution because the session is in the kill state. while building clustered index
Just a pointer re: SQL Server 2017 (where I was hitting this error) and some versions of 2016 to potentially save others some time: 

Before SQL Server 2017 CU8 (also 2016 SP1 CU9 and 2016 SP2 CU1), there was an issue where partitioned tables with incremental stats would generate this error if the DML operation caused an automatic stats update.  

Minimal KB page is here:

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4163478/fix-access-violation-when-incremental-statistics-automatically-updated

Installing a later CU than those listed above fixes the issue.