How to find tempdb reside in drive location with drive size and tempdb usage details in single query in sql server?
This information can be found using the management DMVs sys.master_files and sys.dm_db_file_space_usage, and the system function sys.dm_os_volume_stats:

SELECT vs.volume_mount_point AS [Drive],
  mf.[name] AS [File],
  mf.physical_name AS [Filename],
  mf.size*8/1024 AS [Size (MB)],
  unallocated_extent_page_count*8/1024 AS [Free Space (MB)]
FROM sys.master_files mf
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_file_space_usage fsu ON fsu.database_id = mf.database_id AND fsu.file_id = mf.file_id
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_os_volume_stats(mf.database_id, mf.file_id) vs
WHERE DB_NAME(mf.database_id) = 'tempdb'