MySql takes too long with matching index
I think that in your case a hidden type conversion is the cause:

`id` VARCHAR(255) NULL DEFAULT NULL COLLATE 'latin1_swedish_ci'


but in query:

WHERE id=5586929


It means INT

Change this to:

WHERE id='5586929'


Also from my point of view (not related to SELECT performance, but generally):

UNIQUE INDEX `id` (`id`, `minute`),
INDEX `id_minute_index` (`id`, `minute`)


is a duplicated construction. UNIQUE is already an index. There is no need for the second one.