Reading Data from SQL Server database
In order to get the count across multiple columns, I'd suggest looking at unpivoting the data.  Since you are using SQL Server 2008+, you can use CROSS APPLY to convert your multiple columns into multiple rows. Once the data is in the rows, you can easily count the occurrences. 

select
  sum(case when value = 1 then 1 else 0 end) Count1,
  sum(case when value = 2 then 1 else 0 end) Count2,
  sum(case when value = 3 then 1 else 0 end) Count3,
  sum(case when value = 4 then 1 else 0 end) Count4,
  sum(case when value = 5 then 1 else 0 end) Count5
from yourtable
cross apply
(
  values
    (1, Ques1),
    (2, Ques2),
    (3, Ques3),
    (4, Ques4),
    (5, Ques5)
) c (col, value);


See SQL Fiddle with Demo. 

Note, this could also be written using the UNPIVOT function:

select
  sum(case when value = 1 then 1 else 0 end) Count1,
  sum(case when value = 2 then 1 else 0 end) Count2,
  sum(case when value = 3 then 1 else 0 end) Count3,
  sum(case when value = 4 then 1 else 0 end) Count4,
  sum(case when value = 5 then 1 else 0 end) Count5
from yourtable
unpivot
(
  value
  for col in (Ques1, Ques2, Ques3, Ques4, Ques5)
) un;


See SQL Fiddle with Demo

If you don't want to UNPIVOT the data, you could also CROSS JOIN to a virtual table similar to:

select
  sum(case when DATA = 1 then 1 else 0 end) Count1,
  sum(case when DATA = 2 then 1 else 0 end) Count2,
  sum(case when DATA = 3 then 1 else 0 end) Count3,
  sum(case when DATA = 4 then 1 else 0 end) Count4,
  sum(case when DATA = 5 then 1 else 0 end) Count5
from
(
  select
    CASE s.col
      WHEN 'Ques1' THEN Ques1
      WHEN 'Ques2' THEN Ques2
      WHEN 'Ques3' THEN Ques3
      WHEN 'Ques4' THEN Ques4
      WHEN 'Ques5' THEN Ques5
    END AS DATA
  from yourtable
  cross join
  (
    select 'Ques1' AS col UNION ALL 
    select 'Ques2' UNION ALL 
    select 'Ques3' UNION ALL 
    select 'Ques4' UNION ALL 
    select 'Ques5'
  ) s
) s;


See SQL Fiddle with Demo

All versions give the result:

| COUNT1 | COUNT2 | COUNT3 | COUNT4 | COUNT5 |
|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
|     11 |      6 |      5 |      3 |      0 |