What are the different ways to restore a database?
Backup scenarios are designed around the risk profile. These include resilience and time to restore as the most critical factors.

The backup needs to account for the potential risks to be encountered including physical destruction, a malicious insider, a technological competent criminal, or a sever database flaw.

Backups will include offsite/offline backup based on risk assessment.

Backups can include a bunch of logical (SQL dumps), and binary backups (copy of the entire datadir based on stopped server or xtrabackup), binary logs for point in time recovery, and can frequently involve a replication slave to assist with such mechanisms.