How to match a version of SQL Server 2008?
Version 10.1.2531.0 is for SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 1.
The following table lists the major releases of SQL Server 2008.


Release                         Product version

SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 3  10.00.5500.00
SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 2  10.00.4000.00
SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 1  10.00.2531.00
SQL Server 2008 RTM 10.00.1600.22


Check more details on SQL Server version

EDIT:

You can query database to get these info from database itself like


SELECT
 SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') AS ProductVersion,
 SERVERPROPERTY('ProductLevel') AS ProductLevel,
 SERVERPROPERTY('Edition') AS Edition,
 SERVERPROPERTY('EngineEdition') AS EngineEdition;


More details on SERVERPROPERTY