Counting number of ids present in one table which is not presented on another for a particular user
You can get it by using NOT EXISTS 

First example:




create table table1 (id int, data varchar(100), user_id int);
insert into table1 values (4, 'some data', 12);
insert into table1 values (5, 'another data', 8);
insert into table1 values (6, 'some another data', 6);
create table table2 (id int, tableid int, user_id int);
insert into table2 values (1, 4, 12);
insert into table2 values (2, 5, 14);
insert into table2 values (3, 12, 12);






SELECT count(*) coincidences
FROM   table1
WHERE  user_id = 12
AND    NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1
                   FROM   table2
                   WHERE  tableid = table1.id
                   AND    user_id = table1.user_id);



| coincidences |
| -----------: |
|            0 |



dbfiddle here

Second example:




create table table1 (id int, data varchar(100), user_id int);
insert into table1 values (4, 'some data', 12);
insert into table1 values (5, 'another data', 24);
insert into table1 values (6, 'some another data', 32);
insert into table1 values (7, 'some more data', 12);
create table table2 (id int, tableid int, user_id int);
insert into table2 values (1, 4, 12);
insert into table2 values (2, 5, 14);
insert into table2 values (3, 12, 12);






SELECT count(*) coincidences
FROM   table1
WHERE  user_id = 12
AND    NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1
                   FROM   table2
                   WHERE  tableid = table1.id
                   AND    user_id = table1.user_id)



| coincidences |
| -----------: |
|            1 |



dbfiddle here