How to sample records by time
If you don't want event at 12:10:01, then answer is very simple - use LEAD or LAG to compare timestamps of the two consecutive rows. Just be aware that if you have a long sequence of events in which each pair of events is less than 10 minutes apart, then the query will return only the first event of this sequence.

In other words, there has to be gap of more than 10 minutes between two events to add a row to the result set.

Sample data

DECLARE @T TABLE(EventID int, RecordTime datetime2(0));
INSERT INTO @T (EventID, RecordTime) VALUES
( 1, '2017-04-01 12:00:00'),
( 2, '2017-04-01 12:00:10'),
( 3, '2017-04-01 12:00:20'),
( 4, '2017-04-01 12:00:32'),
( 5, '2017-04-01 12:05:42'),
( 6, '2017-04-01 12:09:00'),
( 7, '2017-04-01 12:24:12'),
( 8, '2017-04-01 12:36:46'),
( 9, '2017-04-01 12:36:57'),
(10, '2017-04-01 15:00:00');


Query

WITH
CTE
AS
(
    SELECT
        EventID
        ,RecordTime
        ,LAG(RecordTime) OVER (ORDER BY EventID) AS PrevRecordTime
    FROM @T
)
SELECT
    EventID
    ,RecordTime
FROM
    CTE
    CROSS APPLY
    (
        SELECT DATEDIFF(second, PrevRecordTime, RecordTime) AS RecordDiffSeconds
    ) AS CA
WHERE
    RecordDiffSeconds IS NULL
    OR RecordDiffSeconds &gt; 600
ORDER BY EventID;


Result

+---------+---------------------+
| EventID |     RecordTime      |
+---------+---------------------+
|       1 | 2017-04-01 12:00:00 |
|       7 | 2017-04-01 12:24:12 |
|       8 | 2017-04-01 12:36:46 |
|      10 | 2017-04-01 15:00:00 |
+---------+---------------------+