What is the persistent_version_store table?
Since this question hasn't had any comments or answers since August 2018 I'm going to assume nothing came of the large number of rows, but documenting the structure of the table might be useful to someone.

This table can be found in SQL Server 2019 Preview (CTP 2.2 as of this writing).

CREATE TABLE sys.persistent_version_store (
    xdes_ts_push bigint,
    xdes_ts_tran bigint,
    subid_push int,
    subid_tran int,
    rowset_id bigint,
    sec_version_rid binary(8),
    min_len smallint,
    seq_num bigint
    prev_row_in_chain binary(8),
    row_version varbinary(8000)
);


Perhaps given the high churn of a Dynamics environment, the version store did have a lot of rows, but they were short-lived?