From Azure-DTU to regular machine
This answer from SO seems to indicate it may intentionally be clouded in mystery... which makes perfect sense if you're Microsoft and very much want people to move into the cloud instead of hosting their own architecture. The cloud is where they get a much bigger slice of the $ pie, after all!

You could always default back to classic recommendations on specs based on nature of workload, size, etc. People were spec'ing VMs long before DTUs :)

Here are a few resources in this vein, though there are many more and none are all-inclusive:


SimpleTalk's What Spec Server Should I Buy?
A DBA.SE post on DW server CPU/RAM calculations
Brent Ozar's What's the Smallest SQL Server You Should Build


Brent Ozar also offers training in this area if you really need to hit the nail on the head with this server transition (I am not affiliated with Brent Ozar Unlimited in any way). 

At the end of the day, you'll probably have to do some tuning either way, so I'd start small and work my way up in a test environment. You know your application(s) and workload(s) best so you need to figure out what features and specs are going to get you to your desired state.