Storing math,physics equations in mysql Database
Do you have some way of entering utf16?  I don't know of such, except internally in Java.  The world is moving toward utf8, not utf16.

I recommend using utf8mb4 throughout.  The collation may not matter; the default is utf8mb4_general_ci, but _bin or _unicode_ci are also possibilities.

A little history lesson on why I suggest utf8mb4 instead of utf8.  More than a decade ago, MySQL added utf8, but coded it only to the extent of the 3-byte encodings.  Recently, a number of 'new' Chinese characters have come out that need a 4-byte encoding.  And there are other sets that need 4 bytes.  MySQL realized that expanding its utf8 to 4 bytes would be far too incompatible, so it added utf8mb4 (think "MultiByte4").  A lot more info on utf8, etc:  http://mysql.rjweb.org/doc.php/charcoll