attach a damaged mdf file in SQL server
Ypu can use hack attach method described by Paul Randal here:
hack-attach a damaged database


  To attach the database you need to fool SQL Server into thinking it’s
  already attached. The set of steps to go through are as follows:
  
  This only works if the server instance you’re using is the same
  version as the database you’re trying to attach
  
  
  Create a dummy database, with the same name, the same number of data    and log files, with the exact same file names (extremely
  important!)    and same file IDs (make sure you have instant file
  initialization    enabled so the file creations don’t take ages – see
  this blog post).    This can be tricky to do if you had added or
  removed files to the    database before it was corrupted, but you need
  to make sure the file    IDs are exactly the same.
  Set the dummy database offline (ALTER DATABASE RealDatabaseName SET    OFFLINE) or shut the server down
  Delete all the data and log files from the dummy database
  Drop in as many of the data and log files from the damaged database    as possible 
  Set the dummy database online (ALTER DATABASE    RealDatabaseName SET    ONLINE) or start the server if you shut it down    for step 2
  


In your case you should delete both mdf and ldf files of newly created database and copy only your mdf to the file location.

Your database will be attached but cannot run recovery, so it will be marked as SUSPECT
Then you can try to put it into EMERGECY mode and extract as much data as possible.

Seee here an example: Using EMERGENCY mode to access a RECOVERY PENDING or SUSPECT database