Replication Not Replicating
SQL Server Replication can in some situations hide errors from you. The behavior you are seeing could for example be caused by the snapshot agent not finishing, likely because of an incorrectly configured permission set. 

Check out my Stairway to Replication here: http://www.sqlservercentral.com/stairway/72401/

Levels 1 - 5 give a solid foundation to the security requirements when setting up replication.
Level 10 describes how to troubleshoot a replication setup. This includes information about where to find error messages and how to interpret them.