PostgreSQL: alternative ways to connect to database
A poor man's solution might be simply installing pgAdminIII, setting up the connection to the database and using it's built in filtering and data view/modification functionality.

I admit this does not give you a very good user experience (about 8 clicks to get to the table you want to view/edit), but it is very easy to set up.

One important thing: you may want to restrict access to the tables that are really editable by your users.  A good approach might be:

CREATE ROLE limited_editor;

GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA your_schema TO limited_editor;
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON your_table1, your_table2, ... TO limited_editor;
REVOKE ALL ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA your_schema FROM public;

GRANT limited_editor TO alice, bob, ...;


When doing this, revoking access from public might have some unwanted effects on other users' privileges.  Fix them accordingly (for example, by setting up a more powerful editor role, that can be granted to other users).