Why am I able to query for more than 1024 columns but I can not make a view of the same query?
From CREATE VIEW (Transact-SQL):


  A view can have a maximum of 1,024 columns.


From Maximum Capacity Specifications for SQL Server:



Each table can have a maximum of 1,024 columns (30,000 for wide tables).

So, the simple answer is that the (somewhat arbitrary) limits are different.