DBCC CheckDB run into early hardware failure
When you first kick off a DBCC CHECKDB it will create a database snapshot to allow the database to stay online during the process. There are some things you can look at if you are running into problems with this:


Defragment you NTFS system, there is an issue where if the NTFS storage is heavily fragmented it will not allow SQL Server to create the database snapshot. This is because the snapshot can only have a certain amount of fragments.This is documented on the microsoft support center in OS errors 1450 and 665 are reported for database data files. (I believe your problem lies here)
Check to see if anyone has updated an NTFS filter driver as there can be a problem with alternate filter streams.


Additionally, you can always attempt to create a database snapshot of the database on a less fragmented part of the NTFS and run CHECKDB there to hopefully.