Ensuring Only Fresh Data Gets Accessed on SQL Server 2008/2012 Replication For Reads
Transactional replication can be used for something like this, but it would be tricky. However it sounds like what you are doing is keeping multiple front facing caches up to date.

This is tricky as a polling mechanism limits scalability. What works best is a push mechanism where if a change occurs, or some data meets a certain criteria it is send to all caches, in other works a messaging framework.

If this is to be done within SQL Server, service broker might be a better fit if the number of nodes are high and the transactions low. If the transactions are high and the number of nodes relatively small, transactional replication might be a better fit.

If the database is a backend for an app which is providing global failover services an application solution will likely be a better fit. I happen to know a guy who implemented a similar caching mechanism for a large auction site and then