Connect SQL Server 2016 SSDT with TFS
The links and information are confusing but we did find a solution.

The short version is you need to install Visual Studio 2015. I used the free Visual Studio 2015 Community Edition. That includes the components needed to run Team Explorer.  

Once we installed VS the Team menu is now visible in SQL Server 2016 SSDT. You can then add and configure TFS as before.