Difference between TDE/VPD/Data Masking/OLS - Oralce
Actually they don't do the same.

TDE encrypts the data in the database, you need to configure the wallet and have it open before you can see/use the data after that.

VPD is an Access Control Mechanism, it allows you to define sub-datasets that will be owned by different users, allowing them to see/use only the data that they actually own (even if the same set of tables are shared among different VPDs)

To have more detailed information about each tool, please review the documentation on https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/