Is it possible to write a SELECT statement to obtain all dates between 2 date columns?
There is probably something I don't understand in your question, but from the looks of it all you have to do is remove the predicate t.id = ? You can shorten the query a bit by using BETWEEN predicate, I also prefer explicit JOINS over "," joins:

SELECT t.Id, dd.[Date]
FROM dbo.DateDimension dd
JOIN dbo.dbse t   
    ON dd.Date BETWEEN t.StartDate and t.EndDate;


In your example in the fiddle, you output 3 id's. If you only want a subset you can use an IN predicate:

SELECT t.Id, dd.[Date]
FROM dbo.DateDimension dd
JOIN dbo.dbse t   
    ON dd.Date BETWEEN t.StartDate and t.EndDate;
WHERE t.id IN (4229, 4268, 4269);