Are view references in a query properly called "derived tables" as such?
From a SQL Server perspective, a table expression is a named query. This concept of a named query seems in line with what @a_horse_with_no_name commented on earlier. There are four types of of table expressions which are:


Derived Tables
Common Table Expressions
Views
Inline Table-Value Functions


A Derived Table is a subquery that returns an entire table result.
A CTE is like a derived table but usually thought to be more readable and modular. It also has a recursive feature. A View is a reusable named query in which the definition of the table expression is stored. The primary difference between a View and an Inline Table-Valued Function is that the latter takes parameters whereas the former does not.

This has been compiled from the discussion on Table Expressions in Ben-Gan, et al, Querying Microsoft SQL Server 2012, Chapter 4.