Automating SQL Server Merge Replication Processes
There are some sps (stored procs) on SQL Server, that can be used to setup merge replication.

Enabling merge replication on a db: sp_replicationdboption  'db name', 'merge publish', true

Creating a merge publication: exec sp_addmergepublication

Adding snapshot agent job: [exec sp_addpublication_snapshot ....

Adding each article: exec sp_addmergearticle

Configuring added/removed columns: exec sp_mergearticlecolumn (if needed only, by default, all columns are part of publication)

However, I am not sure of Transactional and other types of replication. Please let me know, if this is not what you intended.