SQL Server installation errors assembly
Peter Saddow has written about this issue, and it's more likely a problem with the setup program rather than your OS (though it can't hurt to make sure you've installed all Windows updates too):


Invoke or BeginInvoke cannot be called on a control until the window handle has been created.


So instead of installing RTM from RTM media, try slipstreaming with the final service pack for 2008 R2 (Service Pack 3).

I came across this issue on Windows 7, even when slipstreaming, but in my case only a reboot was required to get past the issue (simply closing setup and re-launching was not enough).

Peter has also written about slipstreaming:


How to slipstream SQL Server 2008 R2 and a SQL Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (SP1)


That post was about SP1, but you can follow the same basic steps to slipstream a newer service pack.