Apply operation on all schemas
You can do it with Native dynamic SQL ( http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e25519/dynamic.htm#LNPLS011 ) using the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement.
Here's an example:

DECLARE
 v_sql varchar2(128);
 v_username varchar(30);
 cursor c1 is
    select username from dba_users where username like ('PATT%');
BEGIN
    for REC in c1 loop
        v_sql := 'UPDATE ' || REC.username || '.table1 SET field1 = ''new_value'' WHERE field2 = ''filter'''  ;
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql;
    end loop;
end;
/   


Otherwise, you can make a script with each needed statement with a simple query like

SELECT '''UPDATE ' || username || '.table1 SET field1 = ''new_value'' WHERE field2 = ''filter'';' from dba_users where username in ( 'PATT_%' );