Full-text search on column for existence of a keyword from a table
Concatenating the keywords with an OR(|) separator into a variable appears to work.

DECLARE
    @Keywords NVARCHAR(4000)

SELECT
    @Keywords = STUFF((
                    SELECT
                        '|' + Word

                    FROM
                        dbo.Keywords

                    FOR XML PATH('')
                ), 1, 1, '')

SELECT
    *

FROM
    dbo.Notes

WHERE
    CONTAINS(Note, @Keywords)