"History-based" database design approach?
Your description could be of SQL Columnstore indexes

This index uses column-based data storage and query processing
stored in a column-wise data format
To reduce fragmentation of the column segments and improve performance, the columnstore index might store some data temporarily into a clustered index called a deltastore and a btree list of IDs for deleted rows. The deltastore operations are handled behind the scenes. To return the correct query results, the clustered columnstore index combines query results from both the columnstore and the deltastore.