postgresql, select sum of rows for multiple ids
As you can see, i remodelled your query(only with two to get you an idea how to do it
W
What you make you make for every SELECT that you have a seperate subquery and join them with cs.id, as you only want certain ids


SELECT * 
FROM
    (SELECT cs.id,SUM(du.total) AS daily_total
            FROM daily_unit_big_int as du
            INNER JOIN measuring_point as mp on mp.id = du.measuring_point_id
            INNER JOIN consumption_sector as cs on cs.id = mp.consumption_sector_id
            WHERE 
            mp.type='devices_logger' AND -- an enumerate
            cs.id in (1,2) AND
            du.day = '2020-01-01' -- a date I'd like to give as parameter/variable
     GROUP BY cs.id) dayly
     INNER JOIN
     (SELECT cs.id,SUM(total) monthly
        FROM daily_unit_big_int du
        INNER JOIN measuring_point mp ON mp.id = du.measuring_point_id
        INNER JOIN consumption_sector cs ON cs.id = mp.consumption_sector_id
        WHERE 
        mp.type='devices_logger' AND 
        cs.id in (1,2) AND
        EXTRACT(MONTH FROM du.day) = '01' AND
        EXTRACT(YEAR FROM du.day) = '2020'
        GROUP BY cs.id
        ) monthly ON dayly.id = monthly.id
       




id | daily_total | id | monthly
-: | ----------: | -: | ------:
 1 |        1555 |  1 |   31665
 2 |        2000 |  2 |    6000


db&lt;&gt;fiddle here