How can I check if my user has CREATE SCHEMA permission?
It looks to me like I will not be able to create this schema, is that
  right?


No, it's wrong. 
You can create all you want in your database because you are db_owner. You can see it looking at your first picture with membership.

The error in the answer above is that it consider only explicitly granted permissions for given user. But the user may be a member of 1000 roles, and the permissions can be given to these roles.

In your case you are a member of fixed database role db_ownerthat has control on database, so you can do anything within your database.

To see your effective permissions in your database execute this:

select * from sys.fn_my_permissions(null, 'database');