Is there a need to keep refreshing the indexes from time-to-time?
Indexes are automatically updated regarding the what is stored in them (the column values of the rows that are indexed). 

However some DBMS require regular maintenance (aka "rebuild") of them in order to optimize the storage of the index values. 

Older versions of Microsoft SQL Server required an index rebuild on a regular basis to keep them effecient. But I don't know if that is still true with newer versions (2005,2008)

There is no need to recreate indexes in Oracle. 

The (auto)vacuum process of PostgreSQL should take care of reclaiming space, but they sometimes (rarely though) require a rebuild as well.