Matching single column against multiple values without self-joining table in MySQL
I have found a clever way to do this query without a self join.

I ran these commands in MySQL 5.5.8 for Windows and got the following results:

use test
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS answers;
CREATE TABLE answers (user_id VARCHAR(10),question_id INT,answer_value VARCHAR(20));
INSERT INTO answers VALUES
('Sally',1,'Pouch'),
('Sally',2,'Peach'),
('John',1,'Pooch'),
('John',2,'Duke');
INSERT INTO answers VALUES
('Sally',1,'Pooch'),
('Sally',2,'Peach'),
('John',1,'Pooch'),
('John',2,'Duck');

SELECT user_id,question_id,GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT answer_value) given_answers
FROM answers GROUP BY user_id,question_id;

+---------+-------------+---------------+
| user_id | question_id | given_answers |
+---------+-------------+---------------+
| John    |           1 | Pooch         |
| John    |           2 | Duke,Duck     |
| Sally   |           1 | Pouch,Pooch   |
| Sally   |           2 | Peach         |
+---------+-------------+---------------+


This display reveals that John gave two different answers to question 2 and Sally gave two different answers to question 1.

To catch which questions were answered differently by all users, just place the above query in a subquery and check for a comma in the list of given answers to get the count of distinct answers as follows:

SELECT user_id,question_id,given_answers,
(LENGTH(given_answers) - LENGTH(REPLACE(given_answers,',','')))+1 multianswer_count
FROM (SELECT user_id,question_id,GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT answer_value) given_answers
FROM answers GROUP BY user_id,question_id) A;


I got this:

+---------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+
| user_id | question_id | given_answers | multianswer_count |
+---------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+
| John    |           1 | Pooch         |                 1 |
| John    |           2 | Duke,Duck     |                 2 |
| Sally   |           1 | Pouch,Pooch   |                 2 |
| Sally   |           2 | Peach         |                 1 |
+---------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+


Now just filter out rows where multianswer_count = 1 using another subquery:

SELECT * FROM (SELECT user_id,question_id,given_answers,
(LENGTH(given_answers) - LENGTH(REPLACE(given_answers,',','')))+1 multianswer_count
FROM (SELECT user_id,question_id,GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT answer_value) given_answers
FROM answers GROUP BY user_id,question_id) A) AA WHERE multianswer_count &gt; 1;


This is what I got:

+---------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+
| user_id | question_id | given_answers | multianswer_count |
+---------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+
| John    |           2 | Duke,Duck     |                 2 |
| Sally   |           1 | Pouch,Pooch   |                 2 |
+---------+-------------+---------------+-------------------+


Essentially, I performed three table scans: 1 on the main table, 2 on the small subqueries. NO JOINS !!!

Give it a Try !!!