SQL Server 2008 R2 Query Last Successful Database Backup For All DBs
Yes, as long as the history data is still in msdb database. The following block of code will get your the last 100 backups including full, differential and log backups.

SELECT TOP 100 
    s.database_name, 
    m.physical_device_name,
    CAST(DATEDIFF(second, s.backup_start_date,
    s.backup_finish_date) AS VARCHAR(100)) + ' ' + 'Seconds' TimeTaken,
    s.backup_start_date,
    CASE s.[type]
    WHEN 'D' THEN 'Full'
    WHEN 'I' THEN 'Differential'
    WHEN 'L' THEN 'Transaction Log'
    END AS BackupType,
    s.server_name,
    s.recovery_model
    FROM msdb.dbo.backupset s
    INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily m ON s.media_set_id = m.media_set_id 
    WHERE s.database_name = DB_NAME() -- Remove this line for all the database
    ORDER BY backup_start_date DESC, backup_finish_date
    GO