Can sp_Blitz, sp_BlitzCache, or sp_BlitzFirst identify what queries caused a major growth operation to occur on a particular log file?
Sure, start with:

SELECT TOP 100 * 
  FROM dbo.BlitzCache 
  WHERE CheckDate BETWEEN '2019-02-18' AND '2019-02-19'
  ORDER BY TotalWrites DESC;


The output of sp_BlitzCache includes the most resource-intensive queries in the plan cache. Starting with that query, you can narrow down what queries wrote the most data during your problem time span.

I like this approach a lot more than the Extended Events one since the XE session would only catch the query that happened to trigger the log growth - which may not be the one that did the most writes. (It might have just been the straw that broke the camel's back.)

Note that these are the queries that did the most writes altogether, though, and those numbers aren't reset each time sp_BlitzCache runs. You may need to do a little more digging to find out which ones ran the most often (or generated the most writes) during a particular time span by joining to the prior runs of that query in dbo.BlitzCache.