SQL Server 2014 Transactional Replication Partition Switching
We ended up coming up with a solution for this.  Basically, we had to manage the partition creation for both the publisher and subscriber databases/tables when we made a change.  We were loading data using SSIS and there were mechanics that were built in to create new partitions on the publisher, so we implemented the same logic to do the work on the subscriber too.

Of course, this can be difficult if you get into having multiple subscribers.  I suppose one solution would be to query the subscription details and dynamically perform the same ALTER PARTITION statement to any subscriber database.