Postgres uuid: Use as primary key, or in addition to SERIAL -for disconnected app-
Of course, integer columns are smaller and faster to operate on. The data type uuid has a size of 16 bytes, integer has 4 bytes. Smaller indexes, faster JOIN operations, etc. But not a dramatic difference.

If you only ever query by UUID, additional integer IDs will give you nothing. Also, if your tables are small, the difference is negligible and you will do just as well without additional integer IDs.

If you have to join multiple tables on the ID, if you have foreign keys referencing the ID or if your tables grow huge (as well as your indexes), then operate with integer IDs internally.