I would like to launch a pg_dump command from a remote computer
Regarding the password, you have two choices:


An environment variable named PGPASSWORD: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-envars.html
A configuration file containing the password: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-pgpass.html


I don't understand why you need to run the pg_dump remotely? You can run pg_dump on any computer that can connect to the database. It is not a "server application".

But to run a program on a remote Windows computer you can use PsExec