Extract latest entry for each currency type from table
You can use row_number() to do this, with something like this:

select [Currency Code], [Starting Date], [Exchange Rate Amount]
from (
  select *, 
  row_number() over (
       partition by [Currency Code] 
       order by [Starting Date] desc
    ) as RN
  From myTable
) X where RN = 1;


The row number will number the rows per currency (that's what partition by does) starting from the newest, and then the outer select will just take the first for each currency.