Stats for usage of columns in queries
This specific information is not fully stored in SQL Server.

You do however have a few options to make a small analysis.


You can check the index_usage stats ( SYS.DM_DB_INDEX_OPERATIONAL_STATS) and cross reference this to the columns included in the index. This will, however, not give you exactly which columns are used or selected or used in a where clause. But you can derive a lot of information here to check for more optimal indexes. 
You can use the following query from the exec_query_stats


 SELECT
     OBJECT_NAME(qt.objectid)
   , qs.execution_count AS [Execution Count]
   , qs.execution_count / DATEDIFF(Second, qs.creation_time, GETDATE()) AS [Calls/Second]
   , qs.total_worker_time / qs.execution_count AS [AvgWorkerTime]
   , qs.total_worker_time AS [TotalWorkerTime]
   , qs.total_elapsed_time / qs.execution_count AS [AvgElapsedTime]
   , qs.max_logical_reads
   , qs.max_logical_writes
   , qs.total_physical_reads
   , DATEDIFF(Minute, qs.creation_time, GETDATE()) AS [Age in Cache]
   , qt.text
 FROM
     sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs
 CROSS APPLY 
     sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.[sql_handle]) AS qt



This will give you the execution count of queries on you SQL server (not all, only cached). Here you can go through the query text field and cross reference to your tables but this will be a lengthy process. You can also check the execution stats for stored procedures &amp; then cross reference this to the columns in the stored procedures, but this will again be a tough process.


Use a third party tool which captures most of your queries and query through your queries (this will be slow and a lot of data).