How to apply query to select of another query, PostgreSQL 9.6
I'm sorry, maybe I'm misreading something but I think you can get it using a single UPDATE.

UPDATE eco_track
SET    distance_1 = ST_3DDistance(ST_MakePoint(ST_X(ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(longitude, latitude), 4326),32652)),
                                               ST_Y(ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(longitude, latitude), 4326),32652)), altitude), 
                                               (SELECT geom FROM eco.static_points WHERE name='Korea'))
WHERE latitude IS NOT NULL
AND   longitude IS NOT NULL
AND   altitude IS NOT NULL;


point_3d isn't used anywhere

point_3d AS (
    SELECT  ST_MakePoint(ST_X(ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(lon, lat), 4326),32652)),ST_Y(ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(lon, lat), 4326),32652)), alt)  FROM coordinates
    ),


static_points is constant, you can replace it in the UPDATE sentence

SELECT geom FROM eco.static_points WHERE name='Korea'


All the information is on the eco_track table