Which TLS protocol and ciphers are supported by SQL Server 2005?
(Note: extended support for SQL Server 2005 ended on April 12, 2016.)
From this Microsoft support page:

Will SQL Server 2005 be supported for TLS 1.2?
TLS 1.2 support is offered only for SQL Server 2008 and later versions.

From this SQL Protocols blog entry, for SQL 2000 and 2005:

The currently recognised protocols are, from highest to lowest: TLS1.1, TLS1.0, SSL3.0, SSL2.0.

and

[The] cipher suite to use is negotiated by SSL/TLS and depends upon the cipher suites supported by the OS on the client and the server.