Error: Invalid object for global temporary table
There are 2 types of temporary tables in SQL Server. Local and Global.
Differenence between these 2 are:-

1.
Local temporary table starts with #,
Global temporary table starts with ##

2.
Local temporary table exists for a session only.
Global temporary table alwyas exists in tempdb.

3.
Because life of local temporary table is within a session so only the session can query on that.
Multiple session can query Global temporary table, but data is limited to a session.

Here in you post you are using table to insert value (Not global or local temporary table).

Try bellow query.

CREATE table ##qaw_temp
  (id      char(12),
   i_test    int)

print 'Before Insert'
  insert into ##qaw_temp
  values('0411',
    3077)

print 'After Insert'


Thanks