How to pivot on multiple columns in SQL Server?
Here is one way of getting the result set you want without doing the multiple joins.  It takes a little more setup and uses two pivot operations instead of one, but avoids the multiple joins.  

I admit that I had to look it up, but Ken O'Bonn had a great article.  https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kenobonn/2009/03/22/pivot-on-two-or-more-fields-in-sql-server/

/** Build up a Table to work with. **/
DECLARE @T TABLE
    (
    ID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
    , hProp INT NOT NULL
    , iDayOfMonth INT NOT NULL
    , dblTargetPercent DECIMAL(6,4) NOT NULL
    )

INSERT INTO @T
(ID, hProp, iDayOfMonth, dblTargetPercent)
VALUES (117,10,5,0.1400)
        , (118, 10, 10, 0.0500) 
        , (119, 10, 15, 0.0100)
        , (120, 10, 20, 0.0100)

/** Create a CTE and give us predictable names to work with for
    date and percentage
    **/
;WITH CTE_Rank AS
    (
    SELECT ID
        , hProp
        , iDayOfMonth 
        , dblTargetPercent 
        , sDateName = 'iDateTarget' + CAST(DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY hPRop ORDER BY iDayOfMonth) AS VARCHAR(10))
        , sPercentName = 'dblPercentTarget' + CAST(DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY hPRop ORDER BY iDayOfMonth) AS VARCHAR(10))
    FROM @T
    )
SELECT hProp 
    , iDateTarget1 = MAX(iDateTarget1)
    , dblPercentTarget1 = MAX(dblPercentTarget1)
    , iDateTarget2 = MAX(iDateTarget2)
    , dblPercentTarget2 = MAX(dblPercentTarget2)
    , iDateTarget3 = MAX(iDateTarget3)
    , dblPercentTarget3 = MAX(dblPercentTarget3)
    , iDateTarget4 = MAX(iDateTarget4)
    , dblPercentTarget4 = MAX(dblPercentTarget4)
FROM CTE_Rank AS R
    PIVOT(MAX(iDayOfMonth) FOR sDateName IN ([iDateTarget1], [iDateTarget2], [iDateTarget3], [iDateTarget4])) AS DayOfMonthName 
    PIVOT(MAX(dblTargetPercent) FOR sPercentName IN (dblPercentTarget1, dblPercentTarget2, dblPercentTarget3, dblPercentTarget4)) AS TargetPercentName
GROUP BY hProp