How can I query on-premise SQL Server database from Azure SQL database using stored procedure?
Azure SQL database does not support linked servers or Polybase so you cannot directly virtualize the data from your on prem to your cloud db.
If the requirement is to access the data in the on-prem instance from the Azure SQL database and some delay on the latest data is acceptable, your options are:

Replicate the data from the on prem instance to the azure db. This is most &quot;automated&quot; way to do it. See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/replication-to-sql-database

Use DataFactory, SSIS or other ingestion method to copy the data yourself.


Hope this helps.