Verbose Oracle RDBMS error log output examples?
I'm not sure what you really want but the official documentation is a good place to start, all 86 pages of it.

Just thinking about Oracle error codes gets me all nostalgic for those cryptic messages


ORA-00600: internal error code  (something happened but we can't tell you)
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel (you, or your database or your connection are down, somewhere...)
ORA-12154: TNS: could not resolve the connect identifier specified (your database does not want to talk to you)


You also may be thinking of DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE which will tell you more about errors in PL/SQL programs.  This is not the same as your question about verbose messages for SQL queries.