Postgres upgrade 9.2 to 10 failure
pg_ctl must call the wrong postgres binary.

PostgreSQL version 9.2 had a parameter unix_socket_directory, which does no longer exist (there is unix_socket_directories now). So a 9.2 server would never die with this message.

Are your PostgreSQL 9.2 binaries really installed in /usr/bin or is the pg_ctl there just a symbolic link or a script?

Try to find the directory where the postgres executable from the 9.2 installation is located and use that directory with the --old-bindir of pg_upgrade.