Combining a parent table with multiple child tables
You need outer joins. Specifically to LEFT JOIN the parent table with each child:

  parent
LEFT JOIN child1 AS c1 ON p.parent_id = c1.child_id
LEFT JOIN child2 AS c2 ON p.parent_id = c2.child_id


and then SELECT from the appropriate tables. Columns that are in both children tables can be combined with COALESCE(). The order of the expressions inside the function matter only if there are cases where an id appears in both childen.

The query will be something like:

SELECT 
    p.parent_id, p.name,
    COALESCE(c1.child_id, c2.child_id) AS child_id,
    COALESCE(c1.date, c2.date) AS date, 
    c1.color, 
    c2.lenght
FROM
    parent AS p
  LEFT JOIN child1 AS c1 ON p.parent_id = c1.child_id
  LEFT JOIN child2 AS c2 ON p.parent_id = c2.child_id ;