Configuring SQL Server 2016 to allow remote connections
Figured it out!  Since the server is running on a remote VMWare ESXi instance, the subnets are completely different.  I changed:


  netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name = SQLPort dir = in protocol = tcp action = allow localport = 1433 remoteip = localsubnet profile = DOMAIN


To:


  netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name = SQLPort dir = in protocol = tcp action = allow localport = 1433 remoteip = any profile = DOMAIN


And everything immediately started working.  Ugh, firewalls.