MySQL BETWEEN command - performance (order)
The answer is kind of "no" but more "your question does not have an answer because it's based upon incorrect assumptions".

1) Tables are not really stored in a particular order.

2) Even if they were, how would the DB know that the question had been answered until it had finished reading the entire table.  Putting things "up front" would not help.

3) What you ask (range of values) is in the realm of an index.  An index has more structure and roughly the concept of "beginning and end" so would be the way to go.  Build an index on the values you intend to query.

4) The way indexes are structured means that individual rows can be selected from billions with just a handful of I/O reads.  However you need to have the right values indexed to match the queries.  Look at the plan to see if it's working for you.