Error Msg 823, Level 24, State 2, Line 1
I have heard of this occurring during a restore of multiple databases, non-sequentially (i.e.: multiple restores occurring on different SPIDs at once), after a drive failure, on a hyper-V VM. 

(I'm sorry to include all of those caveats, but that was the situation... and I'd hate to find out that any one factor changes the results.)

Sequential restores (only one at a time) seemed to have resolved the issue.