What is the term that describes the use of OFFSET and LIMIT in a query
It's generally called paging. 

Different vendors have implemented it in different ways. SQL Server was late in adopting the standard (OFFSET/FETCH in SQL Server 2012); prior to that you had to use wacky tricks with CTEs and ROW_NUMBER(), and I forget what we did in SQL Server 2000. #temp tables? MySQL chose to one-finger salute the standard and use LIMIT.

Lots of discussion about various techniques for SQL Server in this comment thread.