Different dates Oracle 11g with TOAD
Both functions TO_DATE and TO_CHAR take three arguments. The two last arguments take a default value if they are unspecified.

The second argument is the format. It will default to your NLS_DATE_FORMAT session parameter value. Since you will potentially lose information during the conversion, there is no reason to assume that the two functions are the inverse of one another.

Let's take an example with the default poor choice of format DD-MON-RR:

SQL&gt; select to_date('01-FEB-1949', 'DD-MON-RR') d from dual;

D
------------------------------
01/02/1949

SQL&gt; SELECT to_char(to_date('01-FEB-1949', 'DD-MON-RR'),
  2                 'DD-MON-RR') c
  3  FROM dual;

C
------------------------------
01-FEB-49

SQL&gt; SELECT to_date(to_char(to_date('01-FEB-1949', 'DD-MON-RR'),
  2                         'DD-MON-RR'),
  3                 'DD-MON-RR') d
  4  FROM dual;

D
-----------
01/02/2049


This shows that we have lost data during the second step: the century was lost! The third step has to make up for it and uses the default rule of RR:


  
  If the specified two-digit year is 00 to 49, then
  
  If the last two digits of the current year are 00 to 49, then the returned year has the same first two digits as the current year.
  If the last two digits of the current year are 50 to 99, then the first 2 digits of the returned year are 1 greater than the first 2 digits of the current year.
  
  If the specified two-digit year is 50 to 99, then
  
  If the last two digits of the current year are 00 to 49, then the first 2 digits of the returned year are 1 less than the first 2 digits of the current year.
  If the last two digits of the current year are 50 to 99, then the returned year has the same first two digits as the current year.
  
  


We're in the first case, the century chosen is the current century (20XX).

In conclusion: 


Don't rely on the session parameters for conversion because they can be changed outside of your control, use explicit conversion rules.
Don't use the RR or YY format because a year has 4 digits (ever heard about the Y2K bug?)
While we're at it, don't use the MON month format, your application won't work if someone uses another regional NLS setting: months use distinct abbreviations in different languages!