sys.partitions row count is badly wrong - how to correct this?
Try using sys.dm_db_partition_stats instead of sys.partitions, as in:

SELECT ObjectName = QUOTENAME(sc.name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t.name)
    , RangeValue = rv.value
    , sys_partitions_RowCount = p.rows
    , sys_dm_db_partition_stats_row_count = ddps.row_count
FROM sys.tables t 
    INNER JOIN sys.schemas sc ON t.schema_id = sc.schema_id 
    INNER JOIN sys.partitions p ON t.object_id = p.object_id
    INNER JOIN sys.indexes i ON t.object_id = i.object_id
        AND p.index_id = i.index_id
    INNER JOIN sys.data_spaces ds ON ds.data_space_id = i.data_space_id
    INNER JOIN sys.partition_schemes ps ON ps.data_space_id = ds.data_space_id
    INNER JOIN sys.partition_functions pf ON pf.function_id = ps.function_id
    INNER JOIN sys.partition_range_values rv ON rv.function_id = pf.function_id
        AND (rv.boundary_id + 1) = p.partition_number
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_partition_stats ddps ON t.object_id = ddps.object_id 
        AND p.partition_id = ddps.partition_id
WHERE p.index_id &lt;= 1
    and t.name ='tbl'
    and sc.name = 'temp'
ORDER BY sc.name
    , t.name
    , rv.value;


For Azure SQL Data Warehouse, you'll need to use sys.dm_pdw_nodes_db_partition_stats instead of sys.dm_db_partition_stats, even though they contain the same details.

Note, I removed the CONVERT(date,...) functionality so this code is compatible with all partition schemes, not just those with date range values.

In the on-prem version of SQL Server, sys.partitions gets its row counts from the internal table ALUCOUNT or sys.sysrowsets, if ALUCOUNT.rows is NULL.  The definition of sys.partitions is:

CREATE VIEW sys.partitions AS
    SELECT rs.rowsetid AS partition_id
        , rs.idmajor AS object_id
        , rs.idminor AS index_id
        , rs.numpart AS partition_number
        , rs.rowsetid AS hobt_id
        , isnull(ct.rows, rs.rcrows) AS rows
        , rs.fgidfs AS filestream_filegroup_id
        , cmprlevel AS data_compression
        , cl.name AS data_compression_desc
    FROM sys.sysrowsets rs OUTER APPLY OpenRowset(TABLE ALUCOUNT, rs.rowsetid, 0, 0) ct
    LEFT JOIN sys.syspalvalues cl ON cl.class = 'CMPL' AND cl.value = cmprlevel


The on-prem version of sys.dm_db_partition_stats gets its row counts differently, from the internal table, PARTITIONCOUNTS:

CREATE VIEW sys.dm_db_partition_stats AS
    SELECT c.partition_id
        , i.object_id
        , i.index_id
        , c.partition_number
        , c.in_row_data_page_count
        , c.in_row_used_page_count
        , c.in_row_reserved_page_count
        , c.lob_used_page_count
        , c.lob_reserved_page_count
        , c.row_overflow_used_page_count
        , c.row_overflow_reserved_page_count
        , c.used_page_count
        , c.reserved_page_count
        , c.row_count
FROM sys.indexes$ i 
CROSS APPLY OpenRowSet(TABLE PARTITIONCOUNTS, i.object_id, i.index_id, i.rowset) c


While both sys.partitions and sys.dm_db_partition_stats should both have correct row counts, I'd put more trust in the PARTITIONCOUNTS internal table.