mysql select query to select from single table with multiple WHERE clauses
Try this:

select neuron_id, neuron_name  
from neuron  
where neuron_name = "a" or neuron_name = "c" or neuron_name = "e"


Edit:

The solution from ypercube is more semantically correct.

select neuron_id, neuron_name  
from neuron  
where neuron_name IN ('a', 'c', 'e')