Always On Availability Groups on Windows 2012 Standard
Per the information you provided from SELECT @@VERSION you are running the x86 version of SQL Server 2012. It would appear that the OS and SQL Server architecture must match in order for Availability Groups to function.

This means that you would either need to change your SQL Server installation to the x64, or go to a prior version of Windows (2008) and install the x86 version of that.

My recommendation would be to adjust your existing install and make it x64. This provides many enhancements such as not needing to mess with things like PAE and AWE when using more than 4GB of memory.