SQL database mail configuration to use a domain account that is not the SQL Service account
Using Database Mail Configuration Wizard
You can achieve that by selecting the Basic authentication option and filling the user name in the Domain\Login format:

You can check the New Account Page doc to understand each parameter of the wizard.
Using Transact-SQL
You can also use the system stored procedure sysmail_add_account_sp to do that. Here I used the example from the doc and added the last three parameters that are related to your question:
EXECUTE msdb.dbo.sysmail_add_account_sp  
    @account_name = 'AdventureWorks Administrator',  
    @description = 'Mail account for administrative e-mail.',  
    @email_address = 'dba@Adventure-Works.com',  
    @display_name = 'AdventureWorks Automated Mailer',  
    @mailserver_name = 'smtp.Adventure-Works.com', 
    @username = 'Domain\Login',
    @password = 'yourPassWord',
    @enable_ssl = 1;


Security Implication
Notice that on both examples I'm using the SSL option because, as Dan Guzman pointed out, the use of that option

Specifies whether Database Mail encrypts communication using Secure
Sockets Layer

as you'll see in the doc. So, if you're not using a secure connection in your environment, those credentials, along with the email content, are gonna be sent in plain text to the SMTP mail server, therefore being a security issue.