How can I represent a one-to-many relationship with three tables?
When representing one-to-many (1:n) relationships no "intermediate" table is neccessary. You can simply model that with two tables, one for the 1 cardinality and the other for the n cardinality. The outcome is that one row in the referenced table can be referenced by many rows in the referencing table.

You need an "intermediate" table for representations of many-to-many (n:m) relationships only, because you cannot directly model the situation as described above in both directions.