Configure Postgresql column capitalization with being able to query using different capitalization
As documentation claims unquoted identifiers are case insensitive. If you see that the identifiers are case-sensitive, this means that your application (connection library?) adds identifiers quoting. Configure it properly. - akina


  Is there some kind of setting within PostgreSQL that would allow to use capitalization for the column names while having case-insensitive queries?


You will have to modify at least one of your applications. There is no parameter in PostgreSQL that makes it "partly case sensitive". - laurenz-albe