What's the best way to concatenate a multi-column foreign key?
It's quite common in Data Warehouse schema designs to assign a new, integer, single-column key to every table, and retain the source-system key (sometimes called the "business key") as well.  

Kimball says:


  Natural keys created by operational source systems are subject to
  business rules outside the control of the DW/BI system. For instance,
  an employee number (natural key) may be changed if the employee
  resigns and then is rehired. When the data warehouse wants to have a
  single key for that employee, a new durable key must be created that
  is persistent and does not change in this situation. This key is
  sometimes referred to as a durable supernatural key. The best durable
  keys have a format that is independent of the original business
  process and thus should be simple integers assigned in sequence
  beginning with 1. While multiple surrogate keys may be associated with
  an employee over time as their proﬁle changes, the durable key never
  changes.


Natural, Durable, and Supernatural Keys

So something like:

create table new_case 
(
  case_id int identity primary key,
  patient_id int not null,
  care_event_counter int not null,
  constraint uk_case unique(patient_id,care_event_counter),
  ... 
)


You need to retain the other key and have it indexed because with new data comes in with the business key, you need to associate it with the new warehouse ID.