How to check when a record is replicated in SQL Server
yes,you can get the statements executed by distributor agent which are applied on subscriber by sp_browsereplcmds procedure. 
There is a nice article to get familiar with distributor databse system tables and other objects.

http://www.sqlservercentral.com/blogs/vinaythakur/2009/10/23/some-useful-commands-and-sp-for-transaction-replication/

all replication information stored in distribution database.Further it depends how you get.  Kindly go through the article and get the desired information.