How long takes populating catalog in SQL Server 2008 R2 when update a row?
I think ther is no answer. IIRC the change gets logged and full text index processes them async one by one - so the time is "random" - i.e. depending on the amount of changes, the size of the queue.

If you ahve things properly configured it should show up "after some time", but that should - unless you do a TON of updates in one moment - be relatively fast.

This is in line with the business approach (text repositories) where a time delay can be accepted.