A column of database type "geometry" results in two extra columns hidden from ssms
use this query instead:
select
t.name as TABLE_NAME,
c.name as COLUMN_NAME,
c.precision as PRECISION,
c.scale as SCALE,
c.max_length as MAX_LENGTH,
c.is_nullable as IS_NULLABLE,
ty.name as DATA_TYPE
FROM sys.columns c
JOIN sys.tables t ON c.object_id = t.object_id
JOIN sys.types ty on c.user_type_id = ty.user_type_id and ty.NAME != 'sysname'
ORDER BY c.column_id

the join is based on the user_type_id so the results are the same as the GUI.