MS SQL Server 2012 Data Quality Services (DQS) installation failure
The solution was starting one of the installer scripts manually and starting installer again afterwards.
I've searched for recreate_schema.bat script on my PC, opened cmd, changed directory to the script location and started the script the way installer starts it...

cd C:\Users{my user name}\AppData\Local\Temp\j1bnpjct.k3b
recreate_schema.bat RS-1OT-45OAR200\MSSQL2012 DQS SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS

It finished without errors.
After that I started installer again and it worked.
I hope this will help someone.