Availability Group environment clone
Since you mentioned about Availability Groups, this means that you are using SQL Server Enterprise edition (and possibly SQL Server 2012 or 2014).

You can use database snapshots, but in our case there were lot of dependencies on different components and so using database snapshot was ruled out.

Below will require a bit of more planning and testing.



Blue-Green Concept :



The gist of Blue-Green Concept is to divide your production into 2 environments and they are identical all times (data synchronization) wherein 


The Blue (Current) will have the current version of the schema/build or product and will be your "LIVE" environment.
At the same time Green will be your staging/testing environment wherein you will upgrade your schema/build or product to the NEXT release, do a full regression test and get signed off by your business users. Once happy, during a cut-over period, you will promote the Green to be your "LIVE" environment and demote the Blue to be a preprod/staging or testing for the next release.


This way, you have a very less downtime and the risk of deployment failure on a live system (which is in maintenance window, since you are doing upgrade) will be highly minimized. Also, following the Blue-Green approach, you will be oscillating between LIVE and PREVIOUS version which will be staging for the next version.

Again, this will require more hardware/licensing as well as planning and testing.

Most of the steps can be automated using DACPACs and PowerShell. Also, if you are installing multiple instances on one server, make sure to re-balance the Memory settings when switching between Blue and Green. The LIVE environment gets more memory than the Passive environment.

In my current environment, we have implemented Blue/Green Model for Agile Code Deployment that allows us to promote code every 2 weeks with ample amount of time for testing and business sign-off. Also, its a breeze to rollback in case something goes horribly wrong. We have automated majority of the deployment stuff using Dacpacs and PowerShell.


(Image source)

Also refer to Grant Fritchey's article on Rollback and Recovery Troubleshooting; Challenges and Strategies