How many negations do we need to compute monotone functions?
Markov proved that any function of $n$ inputs can be computed with only $\lceil \log (n+1)\rceil$ negations. An efficient constructive version was described by Fisher. See also an exposition of the result from the GLL blog.
More precisely:

Theorem: Suppose $f : \{0,1\}^n \to \{0,1\}^m$ is computed by a circuit $C$ with $g$ gates, then it is also computed by a circuit $C^*$ with $2g + O(n^2 \log^2 n)$ gates and $\lceil \log (n+1) \rceil$ negations.

The main idea is to add for each wire $w$ in $C$ a parellel wire $w'$ in $C^*$ that always carries the complement of $w$. The base case is for the input wires: Fisher describes how to construct an inversion circuit $I(x) = \overline x$ with $O(n^2 \log^2 n)$ gates and only  $\lceil \log (n+1) \rceil$ negations. For the AND gates of circuit $C$, we can augment $a = b \land c$ with $a' = b' \lor c'$, and likewise for OR gates. NOT gates in $C$ cost nothing, we just swap the roles of $w$ and $w'$ downstream of the NOT gate. In this way, the entire circuit besides the inverter subcircuit is monotone.

A. A. Markov. On the inversion complexity of a system of functions. J. ACM, 5(4):331–334, 1958.
M. J. Fischer. The complexity of negation-limited networks - A brief survey. In
Automata Theory and Formal Languages, 71–82, 1975