What relations has different bounds for NP?
NP-complete problems can be polynomial-time reduced to each other via Karp/Cook/Levin reductions. Since polynomials are closed under composition, if there's a polynomial bound $f(\cdot)$ on the running time of an algorithm to solve NP-complete problem $A$, then for every NP-complete problem $B$ which reduces to $A$ in polynomial-time $g(\cdot)$, there will be an algorithm which solves  $B$ in time bounded by $f(g(\cdot))$ which is a polynomial.

This does not hold for bounds other than polynomial. For instance, if there's a $2^n$ bound on solving $A$, there can be a $2^{n^{10}}$ bound on solving $B$. See this topic for more info.