Graph class with easy chromatic number, but NP-hard coloring
I think you need to specify more carefully what you mean by "NP-hard" for a problem like this with a known solution but an unknown witness.

The most natural definition, to me, would be something like a many-one reduction, where there exist two polynomial time functions $p$ and $q$, where $p$ maps SAT instances to graphs with a known chromatic number and $q$ maps colorings of these graphs to truth values, such that $q(\chi)$ equals the correct truth value for SAT instance $X$ whenever $\chi$ is a valid optimal coloring of $p(X)$. However, this is not possible unless $\mathsf{NP}=\mathsf{coNP}$. For, if such $p$ and $q$ existed, then every unsatisfiable SAT instance $X$ would have a witness to its unsatisfiability, namely a coloring of $p(X)$.