Representation of procedural knowledge
You are probably speaking about something like a process ontology. Lately, that research has focused (moved?) on semantic workflows, e.g. to model processes in science, related with reproducibility. Similarly, we can also find the application of ontologies to business processes.

For more classical (lower level?) approaches, you may be interested in the homoiconicity property of programming languages like Lisp. In such a case these "networks" usually take the shape of parse trees, i.e. the representation is at a syntactic level and semantics are implicit, e.g. loops and recursive calls are still just a syntactic tree, even if the execution would not result into a tree.