Is there a language with strong typed interfaces where types resolution are "delayed"?
What you are looking for are called "self types", and have been studied theoretically for ~20 years or so. 

For example, see Safe Type Checking in a Statically-Typed Object-Oriented Programming Language by Kim B. Bruce, in the 1993 POPL (Principles of Programming Languages), pp. 285-298. Off the top of my head, John Mitchell and Kathleen Fisher have also worked on this, and they may also be described in Abadi and Cardelli's book A Theory of Objects. 

Scala supports them, but I don't know if other mainstream OO languages do.