Dark Integers: General Purpose Computations on Internet Routers
This can be helpful:

Parasitic computing is an example of a potential technology that could be viewed simultaneously as a threat or healthy addition to the online universe. On the Internet, reliable communication is guaranteed by a standard set of protocols, used by all computers. These protocols can be exploited to compute with the communication infrastructure, transforming the Internet into a distributed computer in which servers unwittingly perform computation on behalf of a remote node. In this model, one machine forces target computers to solve a piece of a complex computational problem merely by engaging them in standard communication.

In the parasitic computing site you can detailed information on how you can solve a 3-SAT problem using the checksum of TCP packets.

Other useful links:


Seminar report on parasitic computing by K.K.Maharana
Nature's article on parasitic computing (Aug 2001)