Several papers appear to imply P=NP via chordal graphs, what is wrong?
The problem is that you confused the definiton in the paper of Aharoni &amp; Szabo and the normally used definition for the term "independence domination number". The former one refers to the largest size over all minimum set dominating an independent set, and the latter one is the smallest size of a dominating set which is also an independent set.

These two definitions are quite different, and as you noticed they have different symbols: $\gamma^i(G)$ and $i(G)$. The Theorem 1.1 you mentioned actually claims $\gamma(G)=\gamma^i(G)$ for chordal graphs $G$, and generally they are not equal to $i(G)$ even when $G$ is chordal. The following graph is a counterexample:



where $\gamma(G)=2$ and $i(G)=3$.

As a comment, Allan &amp; Laskar showed that $\gamma(G)=i(G)$ when $G$ is claw-free, but there are no such conclusions for chordal graphs.