Math talk: Theorem about git revision control system?
Interestingly, there is a nascent mathematisation of version control systems, although at this point it's only partially applicable to Git. It's called patch theory [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] and  arose in the context of the DARCS version control system. It can be seen as an abstract theory of branching and merging. Recently patch theory has been given HoTT [ 6 ] and categorical [ 7 ] treatments. 

Patch theory is work in progress, and doesn't cover all aspects of version control, but contains a lot of theorems that you could look at. It is a clear example of theory that's applicable to the 'real world' -- not surprising, for patch theory is an abstraction / simplification of something very concrete. At the same time it connects with cutting-edge maths like HoTT.




J. Dagit, Type-Correct Changes - A Safe Approach to Version Control Implementation.
G. Sittampalam, Some properties of darcs patch theory.
I. Lynagh, Camp Path Theory.
D. Roundy, Implementing the darcs patch formalism ... and verifying it.
J. Jacobson, A Formalization Of Darcs Patch Theory Using Inverse Semigroups.
C. Angiuli, E. Morehouse, D. R. Licata, R. Harper, Homotopical Patch Theory.
S. Mimram, C. Di Giusto, A Categorical Theory of Patches.