Why we still need Short Term Memory if Long Term Memory can save temporary data?
There's two simple reasons, one fundamental and one related to our current technology. First the technical one: volatile storage is (generally) faster than non-volatile storage. It has fewer requirements - it only needs to store the data for a short while until it gets refreshed, so it's not a surprise that it often is faster.
But the fundamental reason is that memory gets slower to access the bigger it is. This is why modern architectures don't just have 'RAM' and 'disk', there's layers upon layers of increasing size memory, with only the topmost layer being non-volatile:

CPU registers
L1 cache
L2 cache
L3 cache
RAM itself
Cache on the disk micro-controller
The disk itself