MOOC recommendations for learning algorithms based on topics covered in Daspupta, Papadimitriou & Vazirani
While I cannot answer your question (MOOC for Dasgupta et al), I will make a different recommendation.
Since you seem to like the more intuitive and slightly informal approaches to learning, rather than the more formal and proof oriented approach, I think you might like the algorithms book series by Tim Roughgarden, Algorithms Illuminated.
Algorithms Illuminated is a book series of four books,

Part 1: The Basics
Part 2: Graph Algorithms and Data Structures
Part 3: Greedy Algorithms and Dynamic Programming
Part 4: Algorithms for NP-Hard Problems

The books are reasonably priced, and on the plus side, Roughgarden has made a series of videos that can be found on the aforementioned website for the books.
In addition, he has a series of lectures that have appeared as edX and coursera courses on his videos site.