How to translate automatons (Turing machines) into programs of high level programming language?
https://www.longdom.org/articles/reverse-engineering-turing-machines-and-insights-into-the-collatz-conjecture.pdf is one initial effort to do this for some subclass of Turing machines. Actually there is fantastic culture about it http://bluesky-home.co.uk/. These works almost exclusively cite the author itself, that indicates how undeveloped this field is. Nonetheless, the quality of that research is at the level of peer-reviewed research and the main results are published.