Can such a Turing-recognizable language exist?
If $L$ is a recognizable language that contains $f(n)$ strings of length $n$, where $f$ is computable, then $L$ is in fact computable. Given a string $x$ of length $n$, calculate $f(n)$, and then run a recognizer for $L$ on all strings of length $n$. Eventually you will find all $f(n)$ strings recognized by $L$. If $x$ is one of them, accept, and otherwise, reject.