Data extaction vs information extraction
Information gives semantics e.g. the meaning to data.  Consider pulling out of the tweets from the last hour as a raw data.    If you carry out sentiment analyses form this data you get something meaningful out of raw data: information about the mood of tweeters at the moment.

Data can be sourced by other means other than extracting.  For example apps can be developed to track information through sensors.  Imagine a sensor tracking movements in the wild, that would be raw data.  If you analyze the patterns of those movements you may infer the type of animal you have observed through the sensors e.g. information.

On a side note web extraction is possibly the most common way to extract data.
The only other common extraction scenario I can think of are ETL (Extraction and Transformation Loading) for Data-warehousing purposes using BI (Business Intelligence) tooling.