What textbooks includes explanations of advanced data structures found commonly in competitive programming?
Here are two books written especially for competitive programming:


"Guide to Competitive Programming", Antti Laaksonen:

The book is based on the book "Competitive Programmer's Handbook" by
the same author, which was already really good. This handbook is
still available for free on the author's 
website. The commercial version is more comprehensive and contains more topics.
"Competitive Programming 3", by Steven Halim and Felix Halim:

Pretty much the classic book for learning competitive programming.
Maybe a little bit dated.