Connected Components - Linear Decision Trees
Connected components are a concept of topology. Under the usual topology on $\mathbb{R}^n$, we say that two points $x,y \in S$ belong to the same connected component if there is a path from $x$ to $y$ which is entirely in $S$ (this is known as path-connectedness). This defines an equivalence relation on $S$, and a connected component of $S$ is an equivalence class of this relation. This generalizes the graphical definition which is more familiar to this audience.