what's analogy learning algorithm ? differences from induction learning algorithm?
In a nutshell, (statistical) machine learning is a certain approach to artificial intelligence. Traditional artificial intelligence incorporates hard-coded rules which are written by humans. Statistical machine learning, in contrast, has the computer learning the rules by itself using statistical means.

There are several paradigms used for statistical machine learning, such as support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and genetic algorithms. Recently a certain type of artificial neural networks, deep neural networks, has come to the fore due to unprecedented performance. Machine learning using deep neural networks is known as deep learning.