Best starter resources for learning about AI
Artificial intelligence is vast.

A seminal paper by Marvin Minsky (1963) will be best place to start. I consider it to be a fundamental resource. Minsky wrote this paper in 1963, and set the foundations of much of the modern terminology of AI.

Minsky, Marvin. "Steps toward artificial intelligence." Proceedings of the IRE 49.1 (1961): 8-30.

Books


"Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach" by Russell and Norvig
Overview of constraint programming "Principles of Constraint
Programming by Krzysztof Apt".
Advanced book "Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing
by Christopher D. Manning and Hinrich Schuetze".
Machine learning methods  "Machine Learning by Tom M. Mitchell".
Intelligence by Jeff Hawkins and How to Create a Mind by Ray Kurzweil
The Emotion Machine by Marvin Minsky
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach by Peter Norvig and Stuart
J. Russell
Artifical Intelligence - A Modern Approach by Russell and Norvig
Sciences of the Artifical by Herb Simon
"INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING" from Nils J. Nilson
"An Introduction to Neural Networks" from Ben Krose and Patrick
van der Smagt
"Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms" part V, from
David J.C. MacKay


Online material


Recommend blog The AI Revolution: Road to Superintelligence - Wait
But Why
Coursera
Udacity
20 free books to get started with Artificial Intelligence
The AI Programmer's Bookshelf
Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents
Deep Learning


Language (my prioritizes)


Python
Java


Open Source Software Library


Google's TensorFlow
Theano
Microsoft's CNTK
Facebook's Torch
DL4J
Caffe