Reducible and NP Hard
If a problem $A$ is reduced to $B$, this implies that an algorithm $\mathbb{A}$ that solves $B$ can also solve $A$.

If $\mathbb{A}$ is a polynomial-time algorithm, then $B \in \mathbf{PTIME}$ and also $A \in \mathbf{PTIME}$.

If it is the case that when $\mathbb{A}$ is polynomial-time algorithm, this implies that $\mathbf{P} = \mathbf{NP}$, then $B$ is an $\mathbf{NP}\text{-hard}$ problem. Which means $A$ is also an $\mathbf{NP}\text{-hard}$ problem.

These statements answer questions 1, 2, and 4. However, your third question cannot be answered with the information you provided. This is because any problem in PTIME is also in NP, and therefore having a polynomial-time algorithm does not necessarily mean that $B$ has a polynomial-time algorithm. It might or might not have.