LTL: Show $\neg(aUb) \Leftrightarrow \neg b U (\neg a \land \neg b) \lor G \neg b$
$aUb$ means that $a$ holds up to (and not necessarily including) the first point where $b$ holds, which must exist. There are two ways in which this can fail: $b$ never holds, or the first time that $a$ fails precedes the first time in which $b$ is true. The first case is handled by $G \lnot b$. The second case is handled by $\lnot b U (\lnot a \land \lnot b)$ (why?).