Does a greedy task selection algorithm find a c-approximate solution?
The shortest-task-first heuristic is a 1/2-approximation algorithm.

For a tight example, image that a compatible set $\{T_i\mid 1\leq i\leq m\}$ sorted by their finish time and the other shorter tasks $Y_i$, $1\leq i\leq m/2$, such that $Y_i$ overlaps with $T_{2i-1}$ and $T_{2i}$ for each $i$. The shortest-first heuristic finds $m/2$ tasks while the optimal solution contains $m$ tasks.

To show the approximation ratio:
For any compatible set $T$ sorted by their finish time, a task in the approximation solution overlaps with at most two tasks in $T$ since it cannot contain any task as a sub-interval of it. In fact, you can always obtain a 2-approximation if you select no tasks ``covering''  another task.