Non Regularity proof using Kolmogorov Complexity (Li - Vitanyi Theorem)
You are asking many questions. Let me answer your first two, regarding $Y^A_{0^k,n}$ for $A = \{0^k1^k : k \geq 0\}$. Recall that $Y^A_{0^k,1},Y^A_{0^k,2},\ldots$ is the list of all strings $y$ such that $0^ky \in A$, arranged in some order - apparently first according to length, and then lexicographically. It is easy to see that the strings $y$ such that $0^ky \in A$ are of the form $0^m1^{k+m}$. Arranged according to length, these are $1^k,01^{k+1},0^21^{k+2},\ldots$, and more generally, $Y^A_{0^k,n} = 0^{n-1}1^{k+n-1}$.