Error in the use of asymptotic notation
Let's say the final goal is to prove $T(n) = \mathcal{O}(n)$. You start with the induction hypothesis:

$T(i) \leq ci$ for all $i &lt; n$.

And to complete the proof, you have to show that $T(n) \leq cn$ as well. 

However, what you're able to deduce is $T(n) \leq (c+1)n$, which is not helpful to complete the proof; you need one constant $c$ for (almost) all $n$. Therefore, we cannot conclude anything and $T(n) = \mathcal{O}(n)$ isn't proved.

Notice that you are confused between the result and the proof process. And one more point, $T(n)$ is actually $\Theta(n \log n)$ in this case so you may consider an appropriate induction hypothesis to be able to prove it.