Relation between Machine code and Von Neumann architecture
Asking whether machine code abstracts the von Neumann model is a category error&nbsp;&ndash; it's a statement that doesn't type-check. The von Neumann model is essentially a system architecture: it's a way of designing computers. Machine code is a sequence of instructions: a way of telling a computer what to do. Those are two completely different things.

Machine code arguably doesn't abstract anything. It's the most concrete, specific thing there is: it runs on only one specific kind of CPU (or perhaps a family of very closely related ones).