Designing CFG that accepts # of 1's = # of 2's + # of 3's
Given a grammar for $\{ w \in \{0,1\}^* : |w|_0 = |w|_1 \}$, you can obtain a grammar for $\{ w \in \{1,2,3\}^* : |w|_2+|w|_3 = |w|_1 \}$ by replacing $0$ in the first grammar by a non-terminal $Z$, and adding the productions $Z\to 2 \mid 3$.