Determining the minimum number of edges to add in order to be 3-connected
For this special case of $3$-connectivity, it has been solved by Watanabe and Nakamura. The algorithm runs in $O(n(n+m)^2)$ time, where $n$ and $m$ are the number of vertices and edges of the input graph, respectively.

There is a polynomial time algorithm to find the minimum number of edges to add to a $k-1$-connected graph to produce a $k$-connected graph. See chapter 3 of László A. Végh's PhD thesis. The thesis states that it is not known if adding a minimum number of edges to produce a $k$-connected graph is NP-hard in general.