Why is SAT not in P?
It is possible to determine whether a boolean expression is satisfiable, the question is how quickly it can be done.

If there are $n$ variables, then we can try all $2^{n}$ possible truth assignments, and eventually we'll find if there is a satisfying one, but this is not polynomial time with respect to the size of the input.

There might be some polynomial time algorithm that does solve SAT, we don't know, however SAT is NP-complete, which gives strong evidence that there isn't a polynomial time algorithm. It all comes down to whether P=NP or not.