In Paxos, what prevents multiple values from being chosen?
I'll assume this is Basic Paxos. Step (4) cannot occur - the acceptor A maintains in nonvolatile memory the largest promise it has made (the highest round it has agreed to vote on). At step (2), the max promise becomes 2. When A recieves P1's accept request in step (3) it will reject it because the accept request is from round 1 (this information is communicated in the accept request).