Is the complexity of problems in NP exponential at most?
Intuitively, the difficulty of all $\mathsf{NP}$-Complete problems is related: solving any single $\mathsf{NP}$-Complete problem in time $O(t(n))$ immediately yields an algorithm for any other $\mathsf{NP}$-Complete problem with a running time of $O(t(\mbox{poly}(n)))$. This shows, for example, that either all $\mathsf{NP}$-Complete problems admit polynomial-time algorithms or none of them does.

Your first statement "Since NP-complete problems are in NP, their running time is at most exponential" is NOT a definition of a $\mathsf{NP}$-Complete problem. It is just a property that NP-Complete problems have.

This is equivalent to saying that $\mathsf{NP} \subseteq \mathsf{EXPTIME}$. In fact it is conjectured that the containment is proper, i.e., $\mathsf{NP} \subset \mathsf{EXPTIME}$ . This would imply that there are (decision) problems that can be solved in exponential time but are not in $\mathsf{NP}$. We also know that $\mathsf{P} \subset \mathsf{EXPTIME}$, showing that we must have $\mathsf{NP} \subset \mathsf{EXPTIME}$ if $\mathsf{P}=\mathsf{NP}$.