How to model references in an ontology
If you want to say something about an RDF triple (i.e., an rdf:Statement), you can use reification:

@prefix rdf: &lt;http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#&gt; .
@prefix voc: &lt;https://example.com/vocabulary#&gt; .
@prefix :    &lt;https://example.com/instances#&gt; .

:Triple42   rdf:type        rdf:Statement .
:Triple42   rdf:subject     :Vaccination . 
:Triple42   rdf:predicate   voc:canLeadTo . 
:Triple42   rdf:object      :Autism .
:Triple42   voc:publishedIn &lt;https://example.com/articles/vaccination-and-autism&gt; .


But you would probably want to say something about the argument, not about the RDF statement expressing the argument. You can use n-ary relations for this, e.g., by introducing an instance that represents the argument:

@prefix voc: &lt;https://example.com/vocabulary#&gt; .
@prefix :    &lt;https://example.com/instances#&gt; .

:Argument1 a voc:Argument .
:Argument1 voc:publishedIn &lt;https://example.com/articles/vaccination-and-autism&gt; .
:Argument1 voc:textualRepresentation "Vaccination can lead to autism!" .


(and then use properties that dissect the argument to represent it in a machine-readable way)



Relevant vocabularies: PROV, schema:ClaimReview