Is type-checking "syntactic" or "semantic"?
Although I personally would describe type analysis as semantic, this question seems to start with the assumption that there is a clear, formally-definable dividing line between "syntax" and "semantics".

I don't think that is the case; even if most of us would put type-correctness  into one category and missing parentheses into the other one, there is a fuzzy area in the middle where the answer is much less clear.

Consider, for example, the common case of a language which requires identifiers to be declared in the scope in which they are used. Clearly, then, the following is an error: (leaving aside the precise syntax of the language)

function ilog2(a:int) =&gt; int
  if a &gt; 0 then
    let log:int = 0
    while a &gt; 1
      a = a / 2
      log = log + 1
    end
  end
  return log
end


Many people would argue that the use of log in the return statement is a semantic error, since it has to do with the set of definitions in the outer scope of the function. On the other hand, it is quite feasible to construct a grammar (not a context-free grammar, but a grammar nonetheless) which rejects this program. It's not a coincidence that this scoping rule is called "lexical scoping" rather than, for example, nested semantic scoping.

A context-sensitive grammar can accomplish that in a straight-forward fashion by scanning backwards (and forwards, if declarations are allowed to follow use) skipping over inner scopes until it finds a declaration for the used identifier. Of course, that's not a very efficient algorithm but it's reasonable to assume that there are more efficient ways to implement such a grammar.

Even more generally, in the lengthy discussions which lead to the formalism of Algol 68, Adriaan van Wijngaarden proposed a syntactic formalism (link taken from this Wikipedia article) powerful enough to not just encompass declarations, but also to encompass static type checking. Although not everyone will agree with the judgement, van Wijngaarden's proposal was considered readable enough that it was eventually used in the formal definition of Algol 68. In that definition, type agreement (other than discriminated unions) is guaranteed by the grammar, while semantics is reserved for questions like the precise meaning of the + operator.

In retrospect, Van Wijngaarden's formalism turned out to be far too powerful to allow for automated parser generation, but it did spawn a number of simplified and less powerful formalisms, collectively called "attribute grammars", which have the potential to expand the formal power of syntactic descriptions while remaining practical tools for compiler writers. (There are few practical demonstrations, but there is still hope. :-) )

In short, if you consider "syntax" to be intimately linked to a particular syntax formalism (and hence to a particular parsing algorithm), then you will probably be able to make a clear distinction between syntax and semantics, but it might turn out to be a different distinction made by someone using a different parsing algorithm. So it's hard to see how write universal and non-overlapping definitions of syntax and semantics.