Do cryptographic hash function solve clustering problems with linear probing?
Cryptographic hash functions are not better than any hash functions with good distribution and "avalanche effect" (eg xxHash) on this regard.

Do they ensure "best possible" lookup performance? In the way you defined that, yes.

Do they eliminate clustering problems? No, clustering is a probabilistic effect that becomes worse as you insert more entries into your hash table, even if they are perfectly distributed. And this effect is already accounted in formulas    of average lookup complexities for linear/quadratic ht algorithm for a given ht load.