Expected number of nodes in the independent set produced by a coloring algorithm on a graph with maximal degree $k$
As you've computed the probability of a node be in the dependent set is $\frac{1}{k}(1-\frac{1}{k})^k$. Hence, the expected number of these nodes is $n\frac{1}{k}(1-\frac{1}{k})^k$. As $\frac{1}{e} \leq \frac{1}{k}(1-\frac{1}{k})^k$, so the expected would be at least $\frac{cn}{k}$ (for $\frac{1}{e} \geq c$).

Hence, the expected approximation ratio is $\frac{cn}{k}$ over $n$.