Is there a point to an all-encompassing programming language?
You can make a language that does all these things. The problem is that it won't be able to do all these things well, because they're contradictory. For example, database manipulation is fundamentally about changing the state of the system, so it's directly opposed to purely functional programming¹. So is fault tolerance, where a program that's running code that's mathematically proven to terminate might actually fail to terminate because the machine crashes. Object orientation with the hiding of implementation-specific details is opposed to structural polymorphism where a function might inspect the state of its arguments and expects to know about all the ways in which an object can be built. Having static type guarantees is opposed to dynamic type analysis. A language can't provide safe memory accesses and precise memory management in all cases. And so on.

The best you can expect is a “kitchen sink” language that includes all the features that the designers thought of. The thing is, to effectively use some of the features, the programmer needs to restrict themselves to a subset of the language that copes with those features. Of the languages commonly used in industry, C++ is the most kitchen-sinky, and that makes it hard to use because you can never be sure what features a piece of code uses and what assumptions you can make on that piece of code. For example, the type of a Haskell function makes it apparent whether it has a side effect; the type of a Rust function makes its memory management behavior apparent; with C++, you have to look at the documentation and hope that it tells you what you need.

With a kitchen sink language, you really have multiple languages in one, without the benefit of a clear barrier between the languages. Multiple languages that are each good at their job works better.

¹  If you put the database state in a monad, like Haskell does, you're no longer doing purely functional programming. You're doing imperative programming with a type system that models the impurity.