Confusing equivalence $\Phi(n,n)\downarrow \Leftrightarrow \text{HALT}(n,n)$
The function HALT is perfectly defined, it's just not computable - there is no program that computes it. Similarly, $\Phi(n,n) \downarrow$ is not a condition that can be computed by a program. The situation is asymmetric: if $\Phi(n,n) \downarrow$ then a program can verify that, but in the other case you're at loss. This is because HALT is recursively enumerable (partially computable).