Google Deep Dream has these understandings?
"Understanding" is a human concept ie a term used for human psychology. It may be used with machine learning systems informally. However, being flexible in interpretation of your question &amp; not strictly literal, there is of course an open scientific question/ research program of how these systems actually "work". In ML, one "trains" systems and the systems exhibit the desired "behavior" but some of this relates to an old psychology theory of "behaviorism" where only the observed behavior is seen to be relevant and attributing particular mental states is seen to be something of a problematic/nonobjective ("anthropomorphic") projection by the experimenter.

With that caveat, the current scientific understanding of (deep) neural networks, with lots of related research and active/ongoing, is roughly that they build/ use feature detection. This overlaps with neurobiology theory and knowledge of the visual cortex in mammals. The exact features that are evolved (via "emergence") in the network are somewhat unique to each network, but general trends have been observed also, namely orientation columns (eg esp in "lower levels"). These types of features are also known to arise with sparse coding techniques/ mathematics.

There is a hierarchy of features. Higher level features are built out of lower level features inside the network hierarchy.

So the answer is roughly "yes", the network develops "spatial/ visual concepts" in the form of  features. The networks recognize structural patterns in common across many images of real-world objects. These types of patterns include different/ various orientations, placements, relative spatial relationships, and sometimes more abstract "styles" of images found eg in paintings/even architecture etc.