Closest-point heuristic approximation problem
I think there's some problem with the LaTeX formula. It should look like this:
$c(H_i)\leq c(H_{i-1})+2c(u_i, v_i)$
Let's say initially it was $u\to x$. Then you add $v$ directly after $u$, forming $u\to v\to x$. This increases the total distance by $c(u,v)+c(v,x)-c(u,x)$. From the triangle inequality, we have $c(u,v) + c(u,x) \geq c(v,x)$ and thus $2c(u,v)\geq c(u,v)+c(v,x)-c(u,x)$, hence $c(H_i)\leq c(H_{i-1})+2c(u_i, v_i)$.
The next paragraph should make more sense now.