How CPU know which process generated an interrupt?
First of all, different environments need different scheduling algorithms.

This is mainly because different operating systems have different objectives according the needs. Then, what the scheduler is going to optimize will not be the same for every case.

There are Real time systems, batch processing, interactive systems, etc. Let's consider interactive systems because these are the typical desktop computers and servers, offering services for various users. The main concerns for the scheduler is to "quickly" answer users querys. 

In general, the scheduler tells the CPU wich process is next (the CPU is driven by the scheduler), and the details depends on the sheduler algorithm. 

Consider the following simple and old scheduling algorithm, called Round-robin:

Each process is assigned with a pre-fixed quantum of time. There is a list of process. The CPU run process A, when the time is over (or A is blocked before time) it switch's to the next process B in the list. A is moved to the end of the list. The context of A is saved in the Process Control Block, so in the next turn for A the CPU knows where to continue because the IP register was saved in that context. 
In this case, is like all processes have the same priority. 
One key thing here is how much time is assigned to the quantum, it must be a reasonabe amount of time.

There are more complex algorithms, based in priority scheduling. In general, there are different classes of hierarchys, and each hierarchy may have his own queue of processes waiting to run. The CPU can start running process of the highest priority class, and when that class is empty it move downwards the hierarchy. The time of execution in this case can be a quantum, or the CPU can decrease priority of the current process in each clock interruption to avoid indefinite postponement of the other processes.