What kind of LTL formula can be represented by DBAs
You can define syntactic fragments of LTL that ensure that all properties expressible in these fragments are representable as DBAs. An example is given in the paper "A LTL Fragment for GR(1)-Synthesis". Also, the common fragment of ACTL and LTL only contains properties that are representable as DBAs.

But note that such a fragment will never be complete in the "if a formula is not in the fragment, then it is not representable as a DBA" sense. The reason is that if we have LTL formulas that are not representable as DBAs, then we may be able to combine them to a formula that is representable as DBA. For example, the properties "FG p | GF q" and "FG q | GF p" are both not expressible by DBA, but both their conjunction and their disjunction are.

Note that there are also DBAs that are not representable in LTL. So a fragment of LTL cannot be equiexpressive to DBAs.