Which type of non-basic cipher works better with microcontroller which has no interface and keyboard connected to it?
That's a 32 bit ARM chip (M4), but without any hardware based crypto capabilities. That means that the best choice of a cipher is one that runs best on 32 bit CPU's, e.g. ChaCha20, SOSEMANUK or NORX (taken from this answer by Thomas). Of course for transport security you may want to use authenticated encryption, but you can always bold that on (this seems to be an assignment after all).

Above ciphers are good ciphers to try to implement yourself. However, if there are ciphers available in libraries then you may want to use those and safe yourself a lot of time. Before implementing a cipher, make sure that this is the purpose of the assignment!

Note that a cipher in itself does not offer security. You need a security design for your system for that.