Are there any public-key encryption schemes based on DLog?
It is a major open research question whether such a scheme exists, and how to construct one (see, for example, Open Problem 9.10). Of course, we do have schemes like (hashed) ElGamal, which are based on the conjectured hardness of the (computational or decisional) Diffie-Hellman problem. But it is unknown whether either of these problems is equivalent to the discrete logarithm problem (except, of course, in groups where discrete log is easy).