OpenSSL TLSv1.3 record padding
If I would choose a factor of 2 it would make the record (=packet/payload length???) twice the original size. Is that correct?

No; if you set a factor of 2, then the encrypted record size would always be even (that is, if it would have been odd, a padding byte would be added).
In general, a factor of $x$ would increase the size of the encrypted record from 0 to $x-1$ bytes.