Does stronger cryptographic hashes also imply being better at verifying integrity?
1) All common cryptographic hash functions are better than CRC, even MD5. This is due to the fact that they are designed to detect malicious tampering, whereas CRC is not. MD5 is still crackable, but CRC can be trivially manipulated.

2) hash function collision resistance determines how "good" they are at integrity verification, as there are more possible unique outputs, bigger is better, however even 64-bit collision resistance is enough to detect non-malicious data corruption in most cases unless you are dealing with large files. SHA256 has 128-bit collision resistance, which is a lot, that is 340 billion billion billion billion, which is more atoms than contained in all of the human beings on the planet combined. The collision resistance of a 512-bit function such as SHA512 is just nuts, almost matching the amount of atoms in the entire universe.