Detect tampering of data
Yes.  Use append-only logs, or a cryptographic timestamping service.  These approaches are generally designed to solve the problem you mentioned, namely: detecting tampering with data or post-dating of old data.

See the following resources on this site and our sister site, Security.SE:


Techniques for ensuring verifiability of event log files
WORM media types
How are timestamps verified?
On-line cryptographically signed date/time?
Signature and Timestamp for Long Term Document Archival Question
Geographic equivilent of RFC 3161 (X.509 PKI Time-stamp Protocol)


They should cover this topic in great detail.  Enjoy!