How can two parties offline generate a sequence of corresponding key pairs that are still sufficiently random
If RSA is not a requirement, here's a potential solution that uses ECC.
A generates a key-pair, $p_0, P_0$. A and B share a secret $s$ and the public key $P_0$. To move to the next key-pair, A multiplies the private key by $s$ and B multiplies the public key by $s$, so that the key-pair is $p_n = s^np_0, P_n = s^nP_0$ at step $n$.