Nomenclature of Certificate Authorities and Certificates in PKI
A CA certificate is a certificate which is used to sign other certificates. This is indicated by the Basic Constraints extension
A root certificate is a certificate which is self signed i.e. not signed by another CA cert
An intermediate certificate is any (CA) certificate in a certificate chain between the root and the leaf. Those are also sometimes called Sub CA. Usually, there is one such in a chain.
Super and subordinate means exactly what it says. Remember that you are working with a certificate chain.