Is CTR more secure than CBC?
Neither mode provides authentication, so in that sense they are both not very secure. CBC has more error propagation obviously, but as the last paragraph of the quote in the question states, error propagation is mostly ignored by now.
CBC requires an unpredictable IV (for the attacker), while CTR mode just requires a nonce. However CBC fails less dramatically if the IV is repeated or when too many data packets are encrypted.
CBC is vulnerable against padding oracle attacks in the correct setting, which makes the mode more vulnerable (if you count padding as part of the mode). However, both are vulnerable against plaintext oracles, and CTR mode then allows each bit to be changed individually, which is just as dangerous in my opinion.
So in the end, which one is more secure depends on how the mode is used. Both can be used to create a secure system by providing confidentiality. CTR has more practical benefits in the end (parallelism, nonce), which is likely why it is ending up as underlying encryption scheme for authenticated modes such as CCM, GCM and EAX.