Known-plaintext attack on 1-round Feistel networks
Regardless of the specific $f$ function, you already observe that you can obtain
$$
R_1\oplus L_0=f(R_0,k_1)
$$
where $k_1$ the first round subkey is your target.

But $R_0$ is also a part of the known plaintext. So you have a system of equations for the bits of $k_1$ which you can systematically attempt to solve. For a normal Feistel function $f$ (which is one to one or the cipher wouldn't be invertible) this is straightforward.

Exactly how $sha_2(R_0,k_1)$ is defined plays a part here: 

Possibilities include $sha_2(R_0||k_1),$  or $sha_2(R_0 \oplus k_1)$ (possibly with padding or repeating of $k_1$ to make it the same length as $R_0.$).

In any case you can try to use the $sha_2$ equations, noting that the effective input length is essentially at most the length of $R_0$ plus the length of $k_1$ and hence a strong hash function is most likely one to one for such inputs. Using the random oracle model, a randomly chosen function from an input of length, say, 128 bits, to the full digest size for sha_2 of 512 bits is one to one with overwhelming probability (see birthday paradox, addressed in many answers to questions on crypto stackexchange).