Is a recreational bike sufficient for a 10-hour bike trip?
Your bike is definitely fine for this trip. I've ridden further on a cheaper hybrid bike fully loaded, and I saw a few guys who rode the same distance on scavenged department store bikes.  

For a 10 hour trip, I would try to pack light. You should be able to fit everything in one pannier or a rack-top bag.  Make sure you have a few water bottles and food for the trip. If you plan to stop and eat, then you can carry a bit less.  Get some electrolytes too, either a Gatorade or electrolyte powders/pills for your bottles.

Make sure you bring a decent toolkit enough to fix a flat, adjust your brakes, and include a small adjustable wrench, bottle of chain lube, and a spoke wrench (probably have this on your multi-tool if you've got one) just for good measure.  Zip ties are always handy for repairs and hacks on the road.  Don't forget a couple extra tubes, pump, and a patch kit. I wouldn't rely only c02 for a long trip.

As for comfort on the bike, you will definitly want some padded shorts (and probably some chamois cream), some gloves, and eye protection.  A quality map as backup is nice in case your directions send you astray.

If you've got all that, then you should be fine.  Plan a couple stops to refill your water and restock on food if you're not familiar with the route.