Different Gear Type when there's no Front Derailleur?
Yes, there is a difference between front chainrings for derailleur equipped bikes compared to bikes without a derailleur.

A derailleur suitable chainring is designed to assist the chain climbing onto the chainring, via ramps and pins that the chain engages into.


Non-derailleur chainrings are much simpler and are just the straight teeth.


To solve your problem, you could:


Check your chainring and potentially replace it with a single speed chainring
Get a chain keeper like this one
Or both!


More information is on these questions:


Mysterious case: chain falling off large chainring
Why does my chain keep jumping off the front chainring?