What sort of wipes should I use to clean a bike with disposable wipes?
Of course you may use moist wipes. Although, it certainly is not faster than very quick and rough techniques, for example, simply pouring water over it. 

Using wipes is certainly less effective than pouring water over the bike, flogging it dry with an old rag and wiping of the drive train with another one. 

A thorough cleaning may be done in three-and-a-half minutes.

Finally, there is the amazing panacea to all our muck related problems, the jet wash!