Using a UST wheel after a dent has been repaired
Are there any possible issues that I should be wary before riding this wheel?


No. Just go ride. Always have a spare tube with you.


  Should I be confident that there is unlikely to be a catastrophic failue?


The only catastrophic failure I see is if you hit the rim (e.g pinch flat very hard) again on the exact same spot. Then there is a high possibility that the aluminium will crack.

Don't worry too much. If you've pulled the rim dent back at 95% of the correct position then you have nothing to fear of. My rear wheel on my old bike had 9 (nine) of those straightened dents and I was using the ghetto tubeless method. No problems whatsoever. Here is a similar dent on my new bike just before fixing it: http://i.imgur.com/oMGab6L.jpg