Adjusting brake rub on a mini-v brake (Giant Propel)
The small screw to the northwest of your red circle in the picture is the spring tension adjuster. Tighten it down to increase the pull on the left side. 

You may also want to loosen the screw on the right side if there is a large imbalance in tension between the two arms.

The bolt you tried adjusting simply holds the brake arm on. It doesn't have anything to do with the adjustment of your brake.