Can I use a thru axle with a longer pitch when the manufacturer specifies a smaller one?
I think you are perhaps confusing the thread pitch with the length of the threaded section of the axle - as your title says 'axle with a longer pitch'. The pitch is the distance between threads in mm.

You definitely cannot use a through axle with a different thread pitch than your frame, it would not screw into the threaded right hand dropout.

To figure out a compatible through axle, you need to know:


Total length - which depends on the hub width and thickness of dropouts
Length of threaded section - the match the right dropout
Pitch 


You already know the pitch1, hub width is 142mm, dropouts can be measured. Armed with that info you should be able to find a matching axle.

Here's a resource I find helpful: http://blog.fairwheelbikes.com/reviews-and-testing/high-end-skewer-review/all-about-thru-axles/