Can I use super glue for punctures?
It won't work very well at all. Superglue, unlike rubber glued with rubber cement, doesn't stretch. It will probably open up again as soon as you inflate the tyre. If it holds at first, it's likely to let you down soon.

If you're absolutely desperate it might be worth a try, especially if the tube doesn't have to expand much to fit the tyre, but only to get you home or to the bike shop. And it's risky - the tyre could go down quickly when you don't want it to. You'd probably have to replace the tube after that as a proper patch wouldn't stick to the dried superglue. 

Among household glues, evostick or a similar contact adhesive (that's used in the same way as patch cement) would be a better bet, but would still probably write off the tube