Changed chainset, bottom bracket, wheels and cogset and find these parts left over, and the rear wheel clicking?
There are several (five) questions in your post, and it is hard to answer all of them at once. Comments seem to answer some of them, and I would refer to manufacturer's manuals of respective parts you've installed for identification purposes.

The third thing (silver ring) is Mavic's spacer for 10-speed Shimano cassettes placed on their freehubs. If you use 11-speed cassette, then you don't need it.