Link between bottom bracket and rear wheel widths
Yes, if you're going to a 130 rear end, the chainline moves in about 2.5mm so generally you'll want to get a 5mm shorter spindle.
Ideally you would measure the front chainline with the current spindle and do the math from there based on what rear chainline you want and whatever your clearance needs are. In some cases you would find you might want to go more than 5mm.
How much it matters depends a lot on the chainstay length.
You still need to be mindful of clearance with the frame.