Broken bottom bracket
Possibly yes it could be the bottom bracket making periodic noises.

Can also be pedals, chain sticky links, bent chainring, damaged teeth on chainring, alignment of front mech.  Crack in frame, damaged seat, damaged seatpost clamp, or damaged saddle rails clamp.

One elimination technique is to figure out if the noise is timed with crank rotations, or with wheel rotations.  IE does the noise change frequency when you're in a different gear, or does its frequency relate to road speed ?

Also try pedalling backward and see if the problem noise changes in any way.

Can you also eliminate handlebars by pedalling hard while varying grip locations - even hold the stem with alternate hands to eliminate other areas of cause.  Then check the rear derailleur and mech, jockey wheels and cassette for anything blocking.  

"periodic sounds" are very hard to diagnose.  Did you crash recently?  Has someone vandalised your bike?   Has any part been changed recently?  Did you loan your bike to someone ?