Unidentified items in bicycle tube repair kit
They are tube patches. Here’s the contents of one of my kits: 


From top to bottom, we have,


plastic container
tyre levers to remove the tyre
crayon to mark the location of the puncture on the tube 
sandpaper to roughen the tube surface prior to ‘gluing’ 
rubber solution to attach the patch
tube patches with a black front and a white backing. Remove one patch from the sheet then peel off its backing before you apply. 
chalk to sprinkle over the finished patch to prevent sticking to the tyre after reinstalling


Now you know what they are you can get instructions online or in my case on the back of the tube of rubber solution