Can a Mamachari be fitted with an 11 speed 52-36T crankset and FD?
If you want to fit a modern crank you'll need to be able to fit a compatible bottom bracket. Right now you have a threaded bottom bracket shell with a non-cartridge bottom bracket. If the threads are ISO/English standard and the width is standard threaded BB road width (68mm) then you can fit an external bearing road BB and road crank. The BB shell looks a bit wide though.

The other major issue is clearance between the chainstay and large chainrings that the frame was not designed for