Advice for shorter toe clips
Toe clips come in various lengths, since obviously toe clips sized for a big guy with size 46 shoes (like me) (== US 13) wouldn't work for a petite woman with size 36 shoes (== US women's 6).
The toe clips page on Chain Reaction Cycles shows very poor stock, but I did find this page at a US shop which has medium sized ones in stock.  According to the sizing chart further down that page, they nominally fit men's sizes 5-8, but would almost definitely be shorter than what you have.
Additionally, since they are steel, if you are willing to put some work into it you could probably adjust them somewhat.
Note also that Criggie is correct and you should try adjusting your foot position when you turn.  I used to consciously rotate my pedals so my outside foot was down when going into a turn; now it is a purely automatic action.