Tires for cyclocross bike
No, mounting different tyres will not affect the frame or bike lifetime.

Schwalbe Marathon Plus are very common tyres on this type of bike. Focus sells the commuter version of the Mares AX even with such tyres (Conti Touring Plus).

However you will experience a different ride. For instance grip, comfort, and rolling resistance suffer a little with tyres with such good puncture protection. The weight is only a minor factor. Reduced suppleness due to the protection layers is the main reason for this.

Still, Marathon Plus are excellent tyres and will serve you very well for the described use cases. For equal puncture protection and a faster ride you would have to pay twice as much. For good roads you might consider a good all-round road tyre in 28-622.

You may check the touring tyres section at https://www.bicyclerollingresistance.com for additional info, and an article by Jan Heine for further information on the matter.