Bump on tire near valve after tube replacement
Usually this happens when the thick, reinforced part of the tube surrounding the valve is stuck underneath the tire bead rather than the tube being fully enclosed by the tire. The tire then can't seat quite right at that spot and rides high. Usually the fix is to deflate the tire, temporarily remove the Presta nut if present, grab the valve and shove it up into the tire, pull the tire to each side all the way around but especially at the valve to check that you can't see any tube protruding from the tire (you should always do this when changing a tube/tire), and then re-inflate.

Riding a tire like this is pretty dangerous because sudden blowouts can result from the tube not being properly constrained inside the tire.

The rim being deep doesn't cause this per se, but many deep rims are also on the narrow side, which will contribute to it happening.