Back gears are jumping
When you replace a wheel the cassette is not guaranteed to be in exactly the same place relative to the frame as it was on the old wheel, so you need to re-adjust the limits and indexing of the derailleur. Park Tool has a great instruction page with videos that use can use to learn how to do this.

Also make sure that you cassette is installed properly. Some cassettes have a spacer that must be installed on the freehub before the cassette sprockets.

As Criggie said in a comment, you should replace the chain when you replace the cassette.