What is this pumping nozzle called?
It's just a standard schrader head.  Locking heads are only needed for hand- or foot-pumps as you can't secure the head on while pumping the pump manually. 

Any well-stocked automobile parts store will have a schrader head for an air-compressor that doesn't require a locking head.  Schrader valves are the same valves used on your automobile tire. 

For example, my local part supply store has this kit for $14.  Just walk into a car parts store and ask for the tire-inflation attachment for your compressor. 



Note that if your bike has a presta or dunlop valve, you'll need either an adapter or a different head.  

Also, be careful when using an electric air compressor to inflate your tires. Your bike tires are very low-volume and it's easy to over-inflate and burst them. Set the pressure on the compressor as low as you can and don't trust the low pressure cut-off to react quick enough to save your tire.

In this case, your specific compressor (the Scheppach HC16w) has a maximum pressure of 8 bar (around 116 psi) and does not have a storage air-tank. Be careful when pumping up low-pressure tires (like regular bicycle tires) so that you don't over inflate them.  You may have trouble inflating racing or road bike tires (100 psi+) and may have to top them off with a track pump.