Is it possible to change a painted frame into a chromish one?
Yes. If you have a aluminum or steel frame it's possible to strip the paint off and sand and polish the metal so that it is shiny.

To get to the shininess level of chrome plating is a lot of work though. You need to work your way up through sandpaper grits from ~300 to ~2000 depending on the starting condition of the metal and the level of polish you want. The critical thing is to remove absolutely all the marks from the previous grit sandpaper at each stage. 

A difficulty is the welds joining the tubes. These areas are rough and it can be difficult to strip the paint out of the crevices. These areas don't polish up as well as the main tubes.

Obviously with a steel frame a clear coat will need to be applied to prevent rusting.