Quick-release chain tug?
I can see your idea, though I'm not sure a quick release style chaintug would work. Although I think I can see how it could be made possible. Hopefully I've explained it well enough!
With a standard 'nutted' chaintug (A), distance 'x' is infinitely adjustable as the the brace ('1') moves fore/aft along the threaded rod ('2'), distance 'y'.
With a 'QR' chaintug (B), distance 'x' when tensioned is fixed. The only slight movement here would be when the QR lever is in the open position. For it to work, I guess '2' would have to be threaded through the centre of the QR lever '3'. In doing so, the lever itself would need a cut-out for the threaded rod to pass through when you open up the lever. 
So I guess in theory this, or something similar, should be feasible. Whether or not it would be worth the effort I don't know! I use the same tyres (Panaracer RiBMo's) all year on my fixie without chaintugs so I don't have to worry about changing wheels/tyres etc!
Anyway, what's your thoughts guys!?
EDIT
If you just want to be sure you've accurately aligned your rear wheel in the drop out, then an increment etching along the dropouts would be easier.

Turns out someone else already done this..bugger!