Chain pops off guide pulley when pedaling
I think the chain is not tensioned enough. Since you did not change the chain, or the crank, just the tires, the wheel position seems to me to be the culprit.

From the last picture it looks like the axle was farther behind (see paint chipped ... or at least I am seeing it, maybe it is an artifact?)

So, release the nut, slide the wheel more to the back in the guides and then close the nuts. Setting the gear in the small rings (back and front) should help you pushing the wheel back.