Can I use mountain biking cleats on a road shoe...?
Yes, this shoe also accepts the MTB-style two bolt cleats.

Three-bolt and two-bolt cleat pattern fits all major road and mountain
pedals.

(from https://www.specialized.com/jp/en/sport-road-shoes/p/117510?color=&amp;searchText=61217-3238)
They will accept Shimano SPD, Crankbrothers and other MTB cleats. However, the sole will get deformed or damaged. With some cleats this is expected and even true MTB soles will get signs of use of these cleats. I am not completely sure about SPD, but for Crankbrothers the sole is in a direct contact with the pedal so the pedal directly pushes into the sole and it will certainly make some imprints during the use.
There are sole protectors available by Crankbrothers. I have no idea whether they also work for SPD or whether Shimano also sells some, but some vendors (like Ryder) make SPD-compatible cleats that include sole protectors in the package.