What kind of road bike wheels do I need to replace my stolen ones?
Your hub widths are correct for non-disc wheels (disc rear wheels are 135 mm). 

You need a non-disc road wheelset with a 10-speed hub which is Shimano/SRAM compatible. Your cogs need to be a 10 speed set from Shimano or SRAM, and you want to have similar gear sizes. The particular set of replacements will depend on what rear derailleur you're running (which will set limits on the max cog size and a few other things). 

The rim width doesn't have to match exactly, but should be matched (roughly) to what size tire you want to run. See Sheldon Brown (or any of a variety of other sources, e.g. the Schwalbe website) for a table of what rim widths are good with what sized tires. These aren't hard and fast rules, but if you exceed them grossly, you may have issues.