Is a Racing-Bike making creaking noises a sign of equipment damage?
I'm not gonna ding you with a "duplicate question", but see, eg, Creaking from cranks/spindle. How to fix? .  And there are several others.

Creaking is a fairly common problem and can be due to a number of causes:


The crank arms shifting on the crank axle. (This is by far the most serious of the conditions, since, left untreated, it can result in expensive damage.)
The pedal threads creaking in the crank arms.
The bottom bracket cartridge shifting between the cups.  (Though this is more apt to make ticking or "ping!" noises than creaks.)
The handlebar.  With lightweight bars there is a short tube-like stiffener glued over the center portion of the bar, to create a more robust mounting point for the stem clamp.  The bar proper can shift in the tube and creak.
Wheels/spokes.  Very often "crossed" spokes will creak or go "ting" where they cross.
Seat/saddle.  Springs may creak, or any of several parts may move relative to each other.
Frame.  This is rare for a steel or aluminum frame, but may be more common with carbon.  Generally creaking from a steel frame would suggest imminent failure, but it's harder to say about the others.
The rider.  I know I creak more and more as I get older.  (And I actually do have a trick ankle that will audibly "tick" at times when I walk (loud enough for others to hear), though generally not when I'm riding.)
Stem in the headset.  If there is some play/looseness in the stem's insertion in a threaded headset, then the shifting weight/pull/push on the handlebars can cause vibrations that make it creak.


Other than the frame and the crank arms, creaking is generally not a serious concern.  But it can drive you crazy.