Which chapters of the anime show Sakura learning/using the Byakugou no jutsu?
In Naruto Shippuuden, episode 408, The cursed puppet(noroi no ningyou) is the episode from 2 minute to 5 minute time period, where Tsunade teaches Sakura about byakugou no jutsu.

As commented by Wondercricket, episode 408 is a filler.