Was Krillin based on the Turkish folk character Keloglan?
This seems to be a coincidence.

From http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Krillin:


  Like most characters in the series, the name Krillin is a pun. In his case, its Japanese source, Kuririn, is made up of two parts. The first two syllables come from 栗 (kuri), which means "chestnut" in reference to his shaved head (the "chestnut" pun is also carried over to his daughter Marron). The second part of his name comes from 少林 (Shōrin; "Shaolin" in Chinese), as his early character designs were closely modeled on Shaolin monks. 


So, the similarity to the name Keloglan looks like a coincidence.  

Regarding the baldness, as is pointed out by @krikara, this is probably because he is a Shaolin monk. Note that Krillin can grow his hair, whereas Keloglan cannot.

Even so, Krillin does not have a counterpart in "Journey to the West", so it is possible that Akira Toriyama looked to other folklore for inspiration when creating Krillin.