Who did the art direction on for these episodes and scenes?
I think you're looking for Junichi Hayama. He was the animation director for episodes 5 and 10 of Shin Sekai Yori as well as on staff for the other 2 shows you've listed. Some of his other works fall into the same characteristics you listed.

You can see some of his art from a Google image search

Among other works:


Afro Samurai: Resurrection (movie) : Key Animation
Be-Bop-Highschool (OAV) : Character Design, Animation Director
(The) Big O (TV) : Animation Director (ep 21)
Casshern Sins (TV) : Animation Director (eps 10, 17, 22), Key Animation (5 episodes)
A Certain Magical Index (TV) : Key Animation (OP1)
Cobra The Animation: The Psychogun (OAV) : Key Animation (ep 2)
Dokidoki! Precure (TV) : Key Animation (ep 7)
Doraemon: Shin Nobita to Tetsujin Heidan - Habatake Tenshi-tachi (movie) : Key Animation
Dream Eater Merry (TV) : Key Animation (OP; ep 13)
EX-Driver the Movie : Key Animation
Fist of the North Star (movie) : In-Between Animation
Fist of the North Star (TV) : In-Between Animation (4 episodes), Key Animation (3 episodes)
Fist of the North Star 2 (TV) : Animation Director (7 episodes)
From the New World (TV) : Animation Director (eps 5, 10), Key Animation (eps 5, 10)
Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood (TV) : Key Animation
Gaiking: Legend of Daikū-maryū (TV 2/2005) : Illustration
Gu Gu Ganmo (TV) : Animation
Gundam Build Fighters (TV) : Key Animation (OP)
Gunsmith Cats (OAV) : Key Animation
Himitsu no Akko-chan: Umi da! Obake da!! Natsu Matsuri (movie) : Key Animation
(The) IDOLM@STER (TV) : Key Animation (ep 9)
InuYasha the Movie 3: Swords of an Honorable Ruler : Animation Director
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (OAV) : Storyboard (ep 8), Character Design (eps 1-13), Chief Animation Director (eps 9-13), Animation Director (eps 1-2, 6-8), Cover Art, Key Animation (eps 2, 5-7, 13)
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Phantom Blood (movie) : Director, Character Design, Chief Animation Director
Kimi no Iru Machi (TV) : Chief Animation Director, Animation Director (OP), Key Animation (OP; ep 1)
Kyō, Koi o Hajimemasu (OAV) : Character Design, Animation Director
Locke the Superman: Mirror Ring (OAV) : Character Design
Lupin III: Stolen Lupin (special) : Key Animation
Manyū Hiken-chō (TV) : Animation (OP)
Mobile Suit Gundam AGE (TV) : Key Animation (eps 40, 49)
Mobile Suit Gundam UC (OAV) : Key Animation (ep 3)
Mysterious Girlfriend X (TV) : Animation Director (ep 9)
Nessa no Haou Gandalla (TV) : Character Design
New Fist of the North Star (OAV) : Key Animation
Odin - Starlight Mutiny (movie) : In-Between Animation
On the Way to a Smile - Episode Denzel: Final Fantasy VII (OAV) : Animation Director
Pachislo Kizoku Gin (TV) : Character Design
Paranoia Agent (TV) : Animation Director (ep 9 ["TKO"])
Penguindrum (TV) : Key Animation (ep 18)
Pokemon Heroes - Latias &amp; Latios (movie) : Key Animation
Psychic Wars (OAV) : Key Animation
Rurouni Kenshin: Trust &amp; Betrayal (OAV) : Key Animation (ep 1)
Sailor Moon R Movie: Promise of the Rose : Key Animation
Sailor Moon SuperS Movie: Black Dream Hole : Key Animation
Saint Seiya Omega (TV) : Key Animation (ep 51)
Sakigake!! Otoko Juku (TV) : Animation Director (8 episodes)
Shin Kyūseishu Densetsu Hokuto no Ken: Raoh-den Gekitō no Shō (movie) : Key Animation
Shin Kyūseishu Densetsu Hokuto no Ken: Toki-den (OAV) : Character Design, Animation Director
Space Battleship Yamato 2199 (TV) : Key Animation (ep 25)
Star Driver (TV) : Animation Director (eps 9, 18)
Street Fighter Alpha (movie) : Key Animation
Toriko (TV) : Key Animation (OP)
Transformers (U.S. TV) : In-Between Animation
Transformers: Scramble City (OAV) : Key Animation
Votoms Finder (OAV) : Character Design, Animation Director
Wolverine (TV) : Key Animation
(The) World God Only Knows Season Two (TV) : Key Animation (ep 4)
X-Men (TV) : Animation Director (ep 9), Key Animation (OP; ep 12)
Xanadu Dragonslayer Densetsu (OAV) : Key Animation
Yu-Gi-Oh! (TV 2/2000) : Animation Director (eps 94, 124)