What is the logic behind Madara's plan A for his revival?
The complete limits of the Rinnegan have never been shown. Nagato did not actually say he could only revive the recently dead, just that he was not too late to revive Konoha. The best guess is that it takes more chakra to revive someone who has been dead a long time, and Nagato was very low on chakra after his fight with the village and Naruto. He consumed all of his remaining chakra when he used Rinne Rebirth and died because of lack of chakra. The full limits of rebirth were never actually given and the jutsu was only used twice in very different circumstances. When the King of Hell was used to revive the Asura Path (mechanical) when it was in pieces, it was put back together. 

Edit: Also note, Obito used the jutsu and had all 9 Tailed Beasts extracted from him in less than an hour, but still survived and was able to fight not long after that. 

Also, I do not know how to link images, but if I did, I would post one that should be on the same chapter as the first ones you linked, a few pages earlier, which has Konan specifically talking to Nagato, saying something about using the Rinne Rebirth jutsu at his current chakra levels. The specific words are based on the translation, but they all heavily imply that he did not have enough chakra to both use Rinne Rebirth and live. We know chakra exhaustion will kill a Shinobi directly from Kakashi, who used Kamui and exhausted his charka. He still lived after that for at least a few panels to accept his coming death before he actually died. Nagato had just fought an entire village almost alone, then blew it up, and then fought the Nine Tails and barely lost. He for certain had used up a massive amount of chakra, and reviving tens of thousands of people probably costs a ton of chakra as well. He was still alive after the jutsu was done for a little bit before his death, same as Kakashi.