Can I send/receive payments but prevent forwarding payments in Lightning Network?
Yes, there are basically two ways to avoid becoming a forwarding node:


Do not announce your channels, and keep them private
Reject any incoming HTLC that is not destined for you


The first is supported by the protocol itself, and is a proactive measure against forwarding any payment that is not destined for you, while the latter is a reactive measure and would allow you to decide on a per-HTLC basis whether you want to forward it or now.

The protocol allows channels to remain private and not be announced in the wider network:


  Only the least-significant bit of channel_flags is currently defined: announce_channel. This indicates whether the initiator of the funding flow wishes to advertise this channel publicly to the network, as detailed within BOLT #7.


This means that the channel is not going to be included in the gossip, and nodes won't learn about the channel's existence. In order then to receive payments, which requires the sender to compute a route to you through that unannounced channel, you selectively tell the sender about the channel in the invoice using route hints, i.e., the r field in the invoice.

The second method mentioned above involves instrumenting the node such that it accepts HTLCs, but immediately rejects any HTLCs for which you are not the destination. This is has several downsides, among which the fact that you are announcing channels that are fundamentally not operational for forwarding, and you still have to process all HTLCs since you can't filter them out ahead of time. This corresponds to the scenarion that Rene Pickhardt mentioned. The computational overhead consists of:


More messages to process, including the wire encryption/decryption, potentially waking your CPU up if you run on a low-powered device
Decrypting the onion, which is a really expensive operation since it decrypts/encrypts 2600 bytes of data by generating a pseudorandom stream. In addition the onion gets prepared for an eventual next hop.
Need to process the HTLC itself (DB lookups, ...)


Both methods are implemented in some implementations: the mobile version of eclair does not announce its channels by default, lnd is planning to implement a bias against (though not a complete exclusion) channels and nodes that have proven to be unreliable and c-lightning allows you to implement any forwarding policy you'd like as a plugin using the htlc_accepted hook. Furthermore it is trivial to modify lnd and c-lightning to make the announcement of channels configurable.

(Disclaimer: I am one of the spec authors and work on c-lightning)