Can a bitcoin transaction from a specific bitcoin address be banned? (via mining pools)
Yes, miners can censor transactions. A mining pool (or solo miner) can choose to not add a transaction to any blocks that they create. And, of course, this can be done dynamically so that transactions that match whatever arbitrary rules they want can be disallowed.

However this only effects one mining pool or miner. Other miners will not necessarily follow the same rules. So if one miner is censoring transactions, then some other miner will probably include them in a block.

But it is also stupid for a miner to censor transactions. All transactions pay a transaction fee and by refusing to add a transaction to their blocks, they are voluntarily taking a lower payout. The transaction fees are there to incentivize miners to include transactions.