Transactions not showing up in bitcoind log?
Use walletnotify instead of polling. 

how to do address callbacks?

It's basically a argument you can specify and Bitcoin will the specified program upon receiving a transaction (BOTH receives and sends from an address in wallet get notified). So you just setup a small script to run and point to it in bitcoin.conf.

Be sure to check for duplicates as walletnotify sends notifications for when a txn is first received (unconfirmed) and when it receives a confirmation.

Also blocknotify does the same thing as walletnotify but for blocks, may be useful for checking unconfirmed transactions.