Bitcoind, change to txindex=1
I would like to know, if using txindex = 1, will solve my problem with transactions that are not found.


Yes, getrawtransaction only works for transactions with unspent outputs, unless txindex is enabled (in which case it will find every transaction). gettransaction only works for your wallet transactions.


  Using txindex = 1 and -reindex, how long does it take to finish?


It depends on your hardware, but it can be between hours and days on low-end hardware. Using a larger -dbcache will massively speed it up.


  Fullnode will have to download again the 130GB?


No. It just reprocesses blocks you already have on disk.


  Will increase storage?


Yes, a few gigabytes.


  OBS: My real problem is that there are some transactions that have been made to my wallet and my fullnode can not find it.


Your wallet has nothing to do with getrawtransaction. You can always use gettransaction for your own transactions, though.