Bitcoin Core keeps coming up with the error: "error reading from database, shutting down"
To fix this problem you will need to reindex. You have already begun that process by delete the chainstate folder. Bitcoin Core will appear as if it is syncing from scratch, but it is not. It is simply reading through all of the block files already on disk and building its databases. If the reindex does not fix your problems, then you may need to actually resync the blockchain, and if that also fails, then you likely have a hardware error.