Environment for building Bitcoin core in Windows
In the past, the standard method of building for Windows has been to use MinGW. Either have MinGW on Windows and compile from within it (may be more difficult) or cross compile it from a Linux environment.

However, fairly recently, support for using MSVC has been added. Although the official binaries do not use MSVC, you can self compile using it. We even have CI that makes sure that everything builds under MSVC.

Instructions and the necessary project files can be found at https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/tree/master/build_msvc