How do I get a full transaction index with Bitcoin Core?
The commands you have used are not for syncing to the bitcoin blockchain but to install a bitcoin, now with this client you can sync if you want, you will need days or weeks depending on your computer bandwidth and performance and 250+ giga of hard drive, you can start syncing by locating your bitcoin directoryand simply running:


  ./bitcoind


You can find more information about using and running properly a bitcoin full node here: https://bitcoin.org/en/full-node