Does bitcoin have transaction fees?
Yes, Bitcoin transactions have transaction fee. It is not proportional to amount of Bitcoins sent, but it is proportional to the size of transaction and it is measured in satoshi/byte. (10^8 Satoshi is 1 Bitcoin)

The fees changes from time to time because of market conditions. You can find a good idea of what fees to pay on this site https://bitcoinfees.21.co/.