Could BitCoin network be destroyed if blockchain would get corrupted?
The answer would likely be no.

Since blockchain is anyone that has fully synced so it would take the attacker for a long time to destroy every single one of the blockchain. Bitcoin node also can reject an bad data (and temporary ban them) so that it does not mess up the blockchain.

Even if attacker managed to attack it, bitcoin core developer would likely to update their bitcoin core for a higher security before attacker can even finish attack all the blockchains.