which is the relationship between ouput adresses and their value in a specific transaction?
When a Bitcoin transaction is created, unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs) are used in the inputs of the transaction. Your wallet will use as many UTXOs (and therefore create as many inputs) as necessary to achieve the value you're trying to send in your transaction.

UTXOs have to be spent completely, so most likely the total value achieved by the sum of the inputs will be greater than the amount you wanted to transfer. There's where change outputs come into play (the additional outputs you're getting). In order to avoid having to send more value than you wanted to the destination address (addr_dst), the difference between the sum of the inputs (vi) and the value to be sent (vo) is sent to a change address (addr_chng), i.e:

vo - fee is sent to addr_dst

vi - vo - fee is sent to addr_chng

That change address is usually owned by you.