How would I hand code a Bitcoin transaction
Technically, the ScriptSig depends on the particular type of transaction output you're trying to claim, but for all standard scripts, it consists of the signature of this transaction and (usually) the public key corresponding to the private key the signature was made with. The public key must be the correct one to claim the transaction output this claims, that is, the one the coins were sent to.
Bitcoin scripts use opcodes. They're documented in the wiki.
That is the Bitcoin address that can claim this output (in raw binary form), assuming the transaction is a transfer to a Bitcoin address.