Is there any difference in pool mining with gash.io over slush?
Slush has a 2% fee, and GHash.IO has no fee. So that's a 2% difference for starters. There would be no difference in GH/s, because that solely depends on your hardware and tweaks. There is a difference of paying between the two, Slush uses Score, and GHash.IO uses PPLNS. An explanation from these two from here. You can choose whichever you like.

Score - Score based system: a proportional reward, but weighed by time submitted. Each submitted share is worth more in the function of time t since start of current round. For each share score is updated by: score += exp(t/C). This makes later shares worth much more than earlier shares, thus the miner's score quickly diminishes when they stop mining on the pool. Rewards are calculated proportionally to scores (and not to shares). (at slush's pool C=300 seconds, and every hour scores are normalized)
PPLNS - Pay Per Last N Shares. Similar to proportional, but instead of looking at the number of shares in the round, instead looks at the last N shares, regardless of round boundaries.

According to blockchain GHash.IO indeed has ±36% hashing power. But someone digged into the 'other' sources, and saw that some blocks came from IP-addresses owned by GHash.IO, but it doesn't mean that the block is indeed mined by GHash.IO. I think it is nothing to worry about for now, but GHash.IO shouldn't keep 51% of the hashrate for longer time. Then it indeed isn't decentralised, and the coin is vulnerable for a 51% attack.
I don't know how the CEX.IO works precisely, but you're right about the part the a certain amount of GH/s will return less BTC as the difficulty goes up. But as long as they upgrade the hardware, and get new equipment with a better GH/s/W ratio, it should still be profitable. If it isn't for a big company like them, it certainly isn't for individuals. They will stop, which makes the difficulty not increasing as much, and therefor new equipment will be more rewarding. If you mean that the GH/s you bought isn't worth it, you are right too. As the difficulty rises, the rewarded BTC is going down.