SegWit, Bitcoin JSON-RPC and (strange?) addresses
In the above blockchain.info link I gave, what are those strange-looking addresses starting with "bc1...", and


Those are bech32 addresses. These are specified in BIP 173


  Is there a way to extract such data from the output of getrawtransaction?


No. The latest release of Bitcoin Core does not have functionality for converting native witness outputs into bech32 addresses. However blockchain.info does so they are displaying those outputs as bech32 addresses. Bech32 functionality in Bitcoin Core will be released in Bitcoin Core 0.15.1 along with segwit wallet functionality.


  If not, how did blockchain.info did it?


Blockchain.info does not use Bitcoin Core. They have their own custom software and it seems that they have implemented bech32.