Can I claim my bitcoin gold if I have used my bitcoins few days ago?
You should be able to claim your Bitcoin Gold with your private key. The snapshot of ownership for Bitcoin Gold was taken on October 25th, if you had bitcoins at that time, you'll get Bitcoin Gold.

In order to redeem it, you'll need to import your seed/private key in a Bitcoin Gold wallet, but beware of fake wallets that just want to steal your coins.