Do all parts of a plant contain the same type of cell?
The diagram shows an exemplary plant cell . Except for the raphide/druse crystals, which I do not know, all of these components are definitely present in every plant cell. Do note that this diagram is only an example and while it describes the basic components present in the cells, details can vary, since plants can have highly specialised vacuoles or plastids (like chloroplasts) in special cell types.

As @AlanBoyd pointed out, there are some specialised cases like the Sieve Tube cells, that do not have a nucleus. But in your average cell, you should find all of the components described in the diagram.

The differences between cell types are typically caused by the expression of different genes, that change the behaviour of each cell, and not directly by a change of how the cell is build up.