How is transport of glucose into prokaryotic cells different from transport into eukaryotic cells?
In prokaryotes the glucose transporter is always present in the cell membrane; in cells whose glucose uptake is insulin-regulated the transporter is only present in the plama membrane when hormone levels are high.  

GLUT4 is the isulin-regulated glucose transporter found in muscle and adipose tissue. When insulin levels are low the GLUT4 protein is in the membrane of small vesicles inside the cell. The appearance of insulin signals the fusion of these vesicles with the plasma membrane. In this way the number of GLUT4 molecules in the plasma membrane is increased, raising the capacity of the cell for glucose transport. GLUT4 transports glucose into the cell by facilitated diffusion.

More information about the GLUT family of glucose transporters can be found here.