Which part of the genome are the developmental sequences of embryogenesis located?
This is a very general question. The "developmental sequences" are just genes like any other. Like all genes they are semi-randomly distributed through the genome. While there are gene-rich and gene-poor areas in the genome, with some exceptions --notably the homeobox genes--, genes are not grouped by function.

As to how they are accessed sequentially, that is a huge question but it is not specific to embryogenesis. Genes will always need to be turned on/off at specific times and in response to specific stimuli. This is particularly obvious during development but is not exclusive to it.

The basic way this happens is through feedback and control loops. Gene A activates the transcription of gene B which activates gene C which then deactivates A. If you manage to turn on A, the rest will follow. One of the ways this can happen in developing embryos is through maternal mRNA. These are mRNA molecules that are present in the fertilized egg and which begin to be translated. This gives us a starting point to activate gene A, which then turns on B etc. 

This answer is a huge simplification but a full answer could take up a couple (or 40) of PhD projects.