Do all humans have an identical nucleotide sequence for certain proteins, e.g haemoglobin?
It is highly unlikely that there exist any protein that is made from completely identical nucleotide sequences across the entire human population. There will certainly be regions within a gene that are highly conserved, but there is little evolutionary pressure to conserve an entire gene's nucleotide sequence across the population.

This is in part due to the fact that different codons can translate into the same amino acid. So, even if a protein is (phenotypically) identical across the human population, the genes making that protein can use different sequences to code for the same amino acids. This alone can allow for an incredibly large number of possible gene variations that can code for an identical protein.



Related resources: Neutral mutation (wikipedia) and the neutral theory of molecular evolution (wikipedia)