Nerves, Neurons, Axons and Dendrites by Example
Receptors are typically not located in a neuron. Instead, receptors generally synapse onto a primary neuron, and specifically on the primary neuron's dendrite;  
Within the neuron physiological signals are received in the dendrite and are transmitted uni-directionally via the axon to the axon terminal. Between neurons the signal is transmitted from axon to dendrite via the synapse (see figure).  
Although axo-axonal communication exists, it is not the typical way of neural communication (they are regulatory in nature and do not convey information as such). Typically, axons synapse onto another neuron via the dendrite of that second neuron.


The typical connection is the following:




Nerves typically do not contain cell bodies, only the elongated parts of neurons, i.e. the axons. A nerve is a bundle of axons that contain closely related signals from closely related structures in the body.