How would one determine if an up regulation of one protein leads to an over expression of another?
To demonstrate a causal relationship where protein A leads to increase in protein B, you need to experimentally increase the level of A and measure if B increases. Over-expression is typically done with overexpression of protein A from a plasmid containing the coding sequence, driven by a strong promoter that causes high levels of protein synthesis. See this Wikipedia page for some pointers. Relative protein levels can be quantified by western blotting. The experimental details depend a lot on what cell type and protein you are studying, of course.