I photographed a couple of butterflies and birds in Argentina but can't identify them. What are my options?
First, I think it is more useful to post separate questions, at least for each taxonomic group (birds, butterflies etc). To make a question a dumping ground for all sorts of species determination pictures is a bad idea.

That said, the butterflies seem to belong to the families Nymphalidae,  (nr 5) and Papilionidae (Swallowtails) (nr 7), judged by overall apperance. I'm not directly familiar with South American butterflies, but two likely species are:

Doxocopa agathina (Nr 5), or related species in the Doxocopa genus.

(from wikipedia commons)

Papilio thoas (Nr 7)
This is the King Swallowtail, your specimen probably of the subspecies P. t. brasiliensis which is found in Argentina. Sometimes the name Heraclides thoas is used. Pictures of subspecies can be found here: Butterflycorner.net. Your speciemen have lost the tail appendages (could be due to wear-and-tear or bird attacks). A related similar species is Papilio astyalus, which is also found in Argentina (pictures), but it usually has a broader yellow band.

(from wikipedia commons)

The bird in nr. 6 looks like a Black vulture (Coragyps atratus).