Are there any parasites that alter human behavior in a self destructive way?
There is a link established between Candida and Aspergillus fungal infections and mental illness of schizophrenia and depresssion. Over prescriptions of antibiotics and use of antibiotics in cattle ranching, subject people to excessive antibiotics. This causes a die off of natural gut flora and consequent fungal overgrowth.
Fungal metabolites (aflatoxins) have been linked to anorexia,depression and schizophrenia. Pubchem lists lists behavioral acute anorexia for aflatoxin G1.
Research published in Journal of Antimicrobial Therapy, suggest that some SSRI antidepressants have an antifungal effect. 
Ethyl alcohol (alcoholic beverage) is a fungal metabollite of brewers yeast that is well known to impair human behaviour in a negative way.
I have been unable to find any research into using antifungal agents to treat mental illness.

A fungus that thrives in soil, contaminates grain, is distilled into a beverage that causes drunk driving and death, and returns the host to the soil has also completed its life cycle. Similar to the ant example in your question.