What information can Uniprot give me about phosphorylated forms of proteins?
You were looking in the wrong spot. The PTM section you clicked on is for post-translational modification databases such as PhosphoSite. To get the actual modified residues, click on "PTM/Processsing" (sic) further up the page and then select "Modified Residue", and in your results table you'll get a list of all phosphorylations, glycosylations, acetylations, etc.