Were Telomeres the Master Key to Abiogenesis
No, they weren't. Interesting hypothesis though!

However, that hypothesis is missing a very important piece of information: prokaryotes don't typically have telomeres.

Because their DNA is typically circular, rather than linear, telomeres aren't necessary, and there is no shortening problem.

See the Wikipedia page on telomeres for more information. There are various theories on the origins of telomerases and telomere evolution, check out Google Scholar.