Is there any strong factor against human edible plants being widespread and easy to gather?
Define "easily available to human", lots of fruit are perfectly edible to humans. Human have only become widespread in the last few million years so there is not enough time to see things specialized in humans via natural selection. Especially since we  are both generalists and for most of the world completely new factors in the environment.

But there are plants that have evolved to be eaten by humans. Wheat, rice, and, maize have done amazingly well by having the right factors to be useful to humans, they are also some of the most common plants on earth now thanks to us. 
Artificial selection is still evolution, it's just not natural selection. Humans are generalists and its hard for natural selection to push things to specialize in edible symbiosis with a generalist, especially in as short a time as humans have been around, but artificial selection can do it just fine becasue it is faster, provided the plant in question survives us long enough.

Being useful to humans is also a bit of a mixed bag sometimes it means we spread you over the whole world, such as wheat and dogs, but sometime is means harvesting to extinction like Silphium. Then you have things like avocado which almost went extinct becasue humans killed off their parter animals and almost nothing else could eat them, then we invented farming and decided we liked them and brought them back from the brink. Human intelligence and cultural information sharing means capabilities and technology change so much faster than the speeds natural selection tends to work at, most things just have not had the time to really adapt to how fast we changed the world,  unless we take an interest in forcing them to.