Is there an equivalent to "Fields Virology" for Bacteria?
I might as well give this as an answer: the closest analog to Fields for bacteriology that I'm aware of are the two Bergey's manuals: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, and Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. They deal with taxonomy and identification of bacteria (and even cyanobacteria and archaeans), with some emphasis on the medically important classes.