Are there any situations in which phenylephrine is preferred to pseudoephedrine?
Yes, in all clinical situations where you need pure vasoconstriction without heart rate acceleration (mostly valid for iv administration route).

The classical example would be in the operative setting. If the patient is in a hypotensive state due to hypnotic drugs, opiates, etc. and has atherosclerosis, you will prefer a drug that will reverse the hypotension without an increase in heart rate, i.e phenylephrine. The reason is that an increase in heart rate will shorten the duration of diastole, which will therefore shorten the time interval where the coronary arteries are perfused. Moreover, an increase in heart rate also means an increase in heart oxygen consumption. The end result will be an imbalance between oxygen input and requirement, i.e ischemia and potential heart infarction.

Conversely, if you have a patient with aortic valve insufficiency (regurgitation), you will prefer ephedrine (or any drug with beta 1 activity), because you will be aiming at shortening the available time for regurgitation to occur.