Biological implementation of convolutional neural networks
The eye might provide alone an example of a convolution neural network (as made popular for image classification tasks).

The cell types and synaptic connections in the retina are even organized in layers (laminae) to make the parallel clearer, as seen here: 



source: http://webvision.med.utah.edu/book/part-vi-development-of-cell-types-and-synaptic-connections-in-the-retina/development-of-cell-types-and-synaptic-connections-in-the-retina/

The topology of the network is in a sense self-structured but a relatively slow process as the blueprint is a product of Evolution and the practical implementation (actual cells and connections) takes place during the development of the organ. "Weight tying" can then be seen as a result of having different cells types in the network.