Terminology regarding sensory receptors
The distribution in the sensory epithelium indeed refers to the location of the different receptors. And indeed, you are also right that cones are concentrated in the fovea, and rods are mostly found more eccentrically in the retina (Kolb, 2012. I would say the free nerve endings are situated just below the epidermis, and the PCs in deeper layers of the dermis (Fig. 1). But check your notes on what your prof. wishes to hear about this.


Fig. 1. Skin receptors. source: Neupsy Key  

The physiological response properties of receptors is not their output per se. It is the way they respond to stimuli, that includes their output, but also includes the sensation of physical stimuli through second messenger systems or otherwise, and eventually the output. Kolb (2012 goes into detail on the physiology of photoreceptors in quite some detail and for the physiology of touch receptors I would refer to Dougherty in Neuroscience online.

References
- Dougherty, Somatosensory Systems. in: Neuroscience online. University of Texas
- Kolb, Photoreceptors. In: Webvision. The Organization of the Retina and Visual System (2012)