Can storing food in a de-pressurized container result in anaerobic bacteria growth?
Any sealed container can become anaerobic relatively quickly if there are oxygen consuming organisms inside (which there probably are if it's not sterilized). So, growth of anaerobes should always be a concern when using a sealed container for food storage, and proper temperatures for such storage should be considered. 

A container like the one you describe would probably be good for extending the shelf life of dry foods that are sensitive to oxidation (coffee, spices, or your soy lecithin powder), and might even help stave off aerobic spoilage organisms (like molds), but it probably won't do anything to prevent growth of anaerobes like C. bolulinum or C. perfringins.