How good is the reproducibility of preclinical models?
The Cochrane Collaboration has a great deal of this type of analysis. One of my favourite features of a Cochrane Review is the routine use of Funnel Plots, where there are sufficient data to produce them. Sensible interpretation of funnel plots can give some fairly strong hints about the reproducibility of published literature.

Funnel plots show datapoints of individual published studies which investigated the effectiveness of a technique when used for a specific purpose. The datapoints are plotted by estimated effect size (on the x axis) and an assessment of the quality of the trial, incorporating things like sample size and experimental design (on the y axis). A study with a small sample size and/or poor design (low on the y axis) would be expected to provide a relatively inaccurate estimate of the method's true effect size. As sample sizes increase and experimental methodology gets better (travelling up the y axis), you expect the studies to zero in on the true effect size, giving a pyramid or 'funnel' shape to the overall plot.

The reproducibility of trials affects where the points are in the pyramid in a couple of ways. 

If there were a bunch of studies which looked for an effect of the method, and didn't find one, they might not be published because null results are considered boring by journal editors - the so-called 'file-drawer effect'. This would show up in a funnel plot as a pyramid that has a suspiciously low number of datapoints on the side of the pyramid that is close to the zero effect-size. The 'missing' datapoints are an indicator that this technique probably did not always reproduce an effect size as strong as the published effect sizes.

The other way that funnel plots can inform on the reproducibility of published studies is simply by looking at the width of the base of the pyramid. If it's wide, then with the experimental design methods of the studies at the bottom, the results aren't highly reproducible - different studies give very different results when looking at the same question.

It's a big job to synthesise this into a global assessment of 'the reproducibility of pre-clinical trials', but if you're interested, I'd recommend you spend some time trawling the Cochrane Library to get a hang of the sorts of variance you're dealing with.