Do the mother's genes determine the sons' (heredity) intelligence more than the father's?
You might want to take a look on the wikipedia site for x-linked recessive inheritance. The article by Turner mentions that out of 325 known recessively inherited genes associated with mental retardation, 17 are positioned on the x-chromosome. In case you are a male and have one of these seventeen recessive genes on your x-chromosome causing you in some way to be less intelligent, you must have inherited that gene from your mother. In those cases it is more like you inherit "stupidity" genes from your mother, who might be an unaffected carrier of the stupidity gene due to the fact that she has two X-chromosomes and the gene causing mental retardation is only present in one of those x-chromosomes.

There might of course also be recessive genes on the X-chromosome causing males, who has only one X-chromosome, to be smarter but genes that are not causing disease might not be so interesting to investigate from a medical point of view. 

According to wikipedia there are 499 x-linked genes and the total number of "vaguely defined traits" are 983.

I would say that yes, as a man you inherit more genes from your mother than from you father affecting your intelligence due to the fact that some genes on your x-chromosome affect your intelligence. Whatever the 499 x-linked genes do, you could say that traits affected by those genes to a greater extent are determined by your mothers genes than by your fathers, if you are a male.

Technically you would of course also have to take the genes on the y-chromosome, which are much fewer, into account.



If we approximate that the human male genome has a total of 20000 protein coding genes, the x-chromosome has 800 protein coding genes and the y-chromosome has 60 protein coding genes a male gets on average (19940/(19940+19200))*100 = approximately 50.945 percent of his protein coding genes from his mother. Now for a highly polygenic trait depending on genes homogenously distributed on all chromosomes one would naively expect that 50.945 percent of the genes contributing to that trait is inherited from his mother.