Do any plants grow leaves beneath the ground?
It is a known phenomenon. A good example of the same can be observed in Philcoxia minensis.

This plant is predominantly found in sandy areas of Brazil and its underground leaves photosynthesize using sunlight energy through the relatively opaque sand particles.

These leaves also play the function of trapping and digesting nematodes underground supplementing nitrogen in the leached soils. This article [with pdf] explains this mechanism in detail.