Classification and differences between homologous, homoplastic, analogous, derived and ancestral traits?
This vocabulary is common in textbook but not in the peer-reviewed literature

First please note that while those terms are often used in intro class to evolutionary biology, they are actually rarely used in the peer-reviewed literature.

No trait value is fundamentally derived / ancestral

Note also that any given set of shared trait could be called ancestral or derived depending on the size of the tree that you consider. A trait is therefore not fundamentally ancestral / derived, it depends upon what other trait value you compare it to. Per consequence, it would easier to have a tree under our eyes to discuss these terms.

Note that there is one exception to that. Traits that are shared with LUCA are fundamentally ancestral!

Two states in different lineages can be fundamentally homologous / homoplastic

In general, when we are interest in a given trait, we display a tree so that all homologous trait states appear ancestral. While it is true that homoplastic trait state are necessarily derived when shown, homologous trait state can be shown as derived from a yet more ancestral trait state.

Analogy vs homoplasy

Many think of an analogy as a synonym of homoplasy. However, have a look at @GerardoFurtado's answer for the subtle difference between the two.