Does X-inactivation lead to expression of sex-linked recessive disorders in half of carrier females' cells?
Yes and No... You are correct that X-Chromosome Inactivation will randomly inactivate the good X-chromosome (i.e. the one NOT carrying the mutation/disease) half of the time. However, this doesn't always seem to be associated with a disease phenotype. It likely depends on the gene and other factors, like the gene allele's function, to determine whether there is a disease phenotype that manifests with inactivation. Check out this paper that looked at Duchenne muscular dystrophy in females that is available freely on PubMed.