If overcooked hard boiled eggs show these green sulfide rings, why do scrambled/fried eggs not show this?
Scrambled eggs can change color, but you perhaps haven't run into a batch that shows discoloration. It is the same chemical reaction:

Why Scrambled Eggs Turn Green
When serving a large group, a buffet can provide enough food for everyone without the need to spend all of your time in the kitchen. Breakfast is a fairly simple buffet to set up, but there are special challenges when it comes to scrambled eggs. When scrambled eggs sit for a while, they tend to turn green or gray. This is a chemical reaction that happens as hydrogen sulfide in the egg white reacts with the iron in the yolk to form iron sulfide.

Via: https://living.thebump.com/lemon-juice-keep-raw-eggs-turning-green-cook-them-8383.html