What is this red mushroom with the "inverted" cap?
Looks like Sarcoscypha Austriaca (scarlet elfcup). It's actually used in many textbooks as a representative species for the Ascomycetes.

Details from Wikipedia and Messiah.edu both confirm that this species is found in Europe and that it is typically found either as solitary or clustered fruiting bodies (2-5 cm wide) growing among rotting wood matter in damp wooded floors in the spring. 

Photos below:



 Source: Wikimedia 



 Credit: William Roody; Source: Messiah.edu 

Read more at MushroomExpert.com.