What are the sources of energy that alcohol provides?
Ethanol is converted into AcKoA, which can be "burned" in the Krebs cycle or can be used to build fatty acids.



By chronic alcohol consumption there is another pathway involving MEOS which converts ethanol to AcKoA as well.


  Are they more likely to turn into fat (as in beer belly) than blood
  glucose?


It won't turn into glucose, just into fat.

Note:

It is suspected that in extreme cases, like low glucose diets and starvation there is an AcKoA -> glucose pathway.


2011 - In Silico Evidence for Gluconeogenesis from Fatty Acids in Humans 


So in theory it is possible to convert ethanol to glucose, but there is not enough evidence of that yet. Normally this conversion (if it exists) does not happen, or it has a very low rate...


  What compounds in alcoholic beverages (edited) give energy?


Mostly ethanol and sugar. E.g. sweet wine contains a lot of sugar, not just ethanol...