What is the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?
IMO, the definitive answer to this question is given in a paper by J. S Clegg.  He traced the origin of the term cytosol to a book chapter by H. A. Lardy, and confirmed by email that Lardy had indeed coined the term. Their definition of cytosol is as follows:


  ... that portion of the cell which is found in the supernatant fraction after centrifuging the homogenate at 105 000 x g for 1 hour.


Thus cytosol is a centrifugation term, (ie a fraction obtained by centrifugation)  and  ' should not be applied, in any context, to the intact cell' (Clegg, 1983). 

The cytosol  may roughly be though of as the 'soluble' portion of the cellular extract obtained after everything else, including the microsomes, have been sedimented. (For those not familiar with subcellular frationation, centrifugation at 100 000 g for 1 hr is the 'standard' method of sedimenting microsomes. If your enzyme is found in the 100 000 g supernatant fraction, you can be  pretty sure it is soluble). 

When we are referring to the cellular aqueous fluid  that 'holds'   the organelles and other  components we should use the term cytoplasm. 

At the bottom of Clegg's article, the editors of TIBS have supplied the following quote, attributed to F.H.C Crick &amp; A. F. W Hughes (1950): 


  If we were compelled to suggest a model for the structure of cytoplasm we would propose Mother's Work Basket -a jumble of threads, beads and buttons of all shapes and sizes, with pins and threads for good measure, all jostling about and held together by "colloidal forces".'


In being a  centrifugation fraction,  the term  'cytosol' is very like  microsome: the intact cell contains neither cytosol or microsome.  

Ref

Clegg, J. S. (1983) What is the cytosol? Trends in Biochemical Sciences 8, (Dec, issue 12), pp 436-437