Statistics on energy consumption breakdown per biological functions across organisms?
This is not a proper answer. Bear with me. I'm in a hurry; will edit the answer to a decent form when I find time.

From the abstract of this paper:


  Of the 80% of oxygen consumption coupled to ATP synthesis,
  approximately 25-30% is used by protein synthesis, 19-28% by the
  Na+-K+-ATPase, 4-8% by the Ca2+-ATPase, 2-8% by the actinomyosin
  ATPase, 7-10% by gluconeogenesis, and 3% by ureagenesis, with mRNA
  synthesis and substrate cycling also making significant contributions.


Also check this out.