Is it possible to Interpret Nerve Signals As to Where They Are Going In The Human Body And What Their Task Is?
I agree with previous comment from com.prehensible but I would like to change the emphasis ever so slightly. 
Its great that you 1. get inspired by experiences you find in the world 2. you think about them and 3. you reach out to other people to check if your ideas are correct. This is basically how any scientific project starts. 

I don't think that an informal tone is detrimental to serious and precise scientific discussions on any topic, quite the opposite, so I wouldn't worry about talking about animes or high school. Ask away and as you talk more and more with people with the same interests your language will automatically change to reflect more precise and specific objects/subjects. 

Nonetheless, and to the point of the previous commenter, I'll try, instead of general statements of form, to point out some specific things you might want to look at in order help you think about your question: 


A precise statement of your hypothesis is a must. You almost make a precise hypothesis about different charges and currents. A lot is known in terms of neuronal communication, both at the single cell level as at the group level. I would start from the wiki entry on action potentials it might help you understand exactly how neurons "talk" to each other. Also it might be useful to have a more specific insight on how these cells are physically organised. Again the wiki on the CNS is a good place to start.
You should have a specific idea of a particular experiment that would allow to you to test your hypothesis. Thinking about the experiment will require you to know what is possible and what is not. Usually animes, movies, and books are quite a bit more advanced in terms of what is nowadays possible, hence the word "fiction" in science fiction. Thinking of an experiment also allows you to operationalise your hypothesis, which is science speak for deciding exactly what you will measure and how. This will tell you if you can answer your question as you stated it and is super important to plan an experiment. 


If you have these 2 things i.e., a good idea and a doable experiment that would answer your question the hard part is done! 
Well... then you will probably need time and money, but that is a different problem altogether...

Answering your question though, yes, it is possible to interpret nerve signals, both in terms of their targets or downstream areas, as in terms of information content they might relay in order to accomplish a particular task. There is a whole field of Neuroscience that studies neural coding and its trying to solve how neurons transmit messages to each other or how they can encode information in general. However looking at the signals by themselves is usually not enough and people are very careful about the particular behavior that is going on while these signals are being recorded, basically it turns out that one needs context to properly interpret the messages that are intercepted.  

Good luck :)