Autoregressive modeling (linear prediction) of electrical transmission lines?
This is a neat idea and could probably be made to work - it seems like a variant on time-domain reflectometry, which exploits correlations of this kind https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-domain_reflectometry. However, there's an important difference between your two use cases: we can normally inject a test signal onto an electrical transmission line, while we normally can't do that in the vocal tract. Measuring the cross-correlation of the injected and reflected signals is generally going to be more reliable than measuring the cross-correlation of noise.