Voss algorithm and pink noise
The sequence produced by the Voss algorithm is a sequence of random numbers whose power spectral density decays with frequency as $1/f$. In other words, if you find the magnitude spectrum of the sequence (in other words, the magnitude of the DFT of the sequence), you'll see that it decays roughtly as $1/f$.

As to the meaning of the sequence: it doesn't have any intrisic meaning. One way to think about it is as noise with a particular frequency spectrum. In other words, if you normalize the sequence and feed it to your sound card, you'll hear a certain kind of noise. This noise can be added to other signals, such as audio, to give it specific properties.

If all you need is $1/$ noise, there are other methods to generate it; see Pink ($1/f$) pseudo-random noise generation.