State-of-art of telecommunications?
You should realize that when you say "telecommunications" you are talking about a huge field involving lots of different technologies.  Based on the mention of AM/FM modulations I infer that you are referring to digital (though AM/FM are actually analog) wireless transmission techniques (though I may have inferred incorrectly since wired modems can use some pretty sophisticated modulations).  Even restricting ourselves to wireless telecommunications, there are lots of different technologies that we could talk about- modulation types are just one.

Anyway, back to what I think you were asking.

The progression of modulation types went something like the following:


AM (very simple analog)
FM (more sophisticated analog- but uses more bandwidth than AM)
OOK (very simple digital)
FSK (digital version of FM)
PSK
QAM
TCM
DSSS
OFDM


If you google any of the above terms and add "modulation", you should get some useful references.

OFDM is, as far as I am aware, the latest-and-greatest modulation type.  It has the useful feature of being extremely efficient at packing data into a given amount of bandwidth.  Since bandwidth is at a premium for the telecoms, that is very important.  Many of the other modulation types are still used though, and will continue to be used because they have other useful features.