How to perform an FFT on a signal with a sampling rate of 44100?
A 44100 Hz sample rate just means that you get 1 sample approximately every 22.67 microseconds. It also means you get N samples in N*22.67 microseconds, and you're free to choose N. If you choose N=44100, you get 44100 samples in one second. If you choose N=1024, you get 1024 samples in 23.22 milliseconds.