Acoustic waves propagation distance relation with carrier frequency?
For a sine wave of amplitude $A$ and frequency $f=1/T$, its energy from $-T/2$ to $T/2$ is $A^2T/2$. Thus the power depends only on amplitude. The energy over one period does depend on frequency, but in the same observation duration, two sines having same $A$ should have the same energy (assuming observation duration is multiple of their periods).

In communications, we don't transfer energy but signal. Then power, not energy, matters.

Propagation loss is characterized grossly by distance (pathloss model) and absorption that the latter explains the choice of low frequency in underwater acoustics communications. For example, frequencies >= 1 MHz are absorbed very quickly whereas the absorption of low frequencies is much weaker. This is physics and the explaination would be complicated.

FYI, you can use this calculator for sea absorption.

And no, $E=hf$ is for photon, I have not met people who uses quantum mechanics for underwater acoustic waves.