Are there theories to manage states of signal volatility around a limit
In electronics, a Schmitt trigger converts an analog signal to a digital signal by using two different thresholds (limits as you call them), one for an output state change from 0 to 1 and another for a change from 1 to 0. The first is somewhat higher so that if the input fluctuates between those two thresholds, then there will be no change in the output. The general concept of reluctancy to change state is called hysteresis.

It can also help to lowpass filter the signal first, which is often used in debouncing a mechanical switch, to remove fluctuation very much like in your picture.