Audio Processing Glossary
My own interpretation:

Sound: a mechanical wave that propagates through the air or water.

Audio: sound in the 20 Hz to 20 kHz range; in other words, sound that is (at least in theory) audible to a large number of humans.

Voice: sound produced by the human vocal tract.

Speech: intelligible voice (i.e. not grunts or screams)

Tone: signal dominated by a single frequency, even if it has harmonics.

Music: Harmonious, pleasant audio produced by man-made musical instruments. Often accompanied by song, which is audio just like music but produced by a human singer's vocal tract.

Musical tone: a tone produced by a musical instrument or singer.

Musical note: one of a particular, finite set of musical tones that, when played in combination, produce a pleasant auditory experience.