What is the relation between the carrier frequency and the attenuation of electromagnetic waves?
60GHz is associated with absorption by Oxygen. 

Rain and Snow reduce range.

Radio waves can penetrate fresh water.  The Great Lakes was a place where submarine crews trained during WW2 and could send and receive underwater. Salt water is another situation entirely. Frequencies need to be very low.  There is often a good natural wave guide just above the ocean surface.

Foliage can attenuate.  

The situation in the optical and IR regions are complicated. There is a program called MODTRAN that models absorption in detail. 

For 60GHz, attenuation can actually be a virtue, not a problem. You can pack more receivers and transmitters closer together, at a given complexity.