Real-time resampling pitch-shifting (without corrective time-stretching)?
okay, the answer to the question is "no", from my understanding of what "real-time" in DSP means.  a real-time DSP process is one that can run forever without either starvation of input samples or overflow of input samples.  for every second of sound input, there is a second of sound output.  just speeding up the sound or slowing it down, to change the pitch, is an operation you can do on a segment of sound or a sound file.  but it is not a continuous operation that runs real time.  this is not because the CPU or DSP cannot handle the number of operations, it's because, either the input or the output will have no time when the other still has time remaining.

now, there are DAW functions that play back sound files faster or slower that recorded without changing pitch.  what they are really doing is playing back the sound file faster or slower (with an increased or decreased number of input samples) and the DSP algorithm is doing real-time and complementary resampling and time-scaling to get to the output.