Confusion in Channel Encoding and Convolutional Encoding
Like other comments, I don't really understand your question. What I am trying to do is to list basic things so that other ones can suggest edit because I find it is much easier to write in answer part :). Please let me know if it makes you less confused.

The general communication system is



At transmitter, before modulator is digital, modulator is the block to convert from digital world to analog world because physical signal is transmitted in analog (at least at our normal scale). Modulator converts bit sequences to voltage (NRZ), amplitude and phase of sinusoid (QAM), frequency (FSK), phase of of sinusoid (MSK, GMSK), ...

Signal is transmitted in physical channel always suffers degradation (noise, fading, ...) which is random. To combat this negative effect, channel coder adds redundant information to help us to recover the correct signal. For example adding 9 supplementary bits instead of sending only one, there is the chance that more than 5 bits are correctly decoded and with majority rule, the transmitted data is recovered. The operation is called channel coding. There are a lot of channel codes : turbo code, LDPC, convolutional code, ...

Thus, channel coding and modulation are two different steps that have different roles. For more details, you need to read the recommended resources in the comments.

It seems that you understand "convolutional coding" as modulation. Maybe it comes from the fact that signal transmitted over channel is modeled as convolution operation ? People usually use "convolutional code" to talk about a specific family of code in channel coding step.

About the source coder block in the figure, on the contrary of channel coder that adds redundant information to combat random degradation, source coder is here to remove redundant information from source. Huffman code, Shannon code, ... are famous. Applications such as winrar, winzip, ... are well-known. Source coder and channel coder have different roles, but they are related in the sense of "optimality" because they both deals with "information". Thus it is not always correct to say that source coder and channel coder are independent. You can search for "joint source channel coding" if you are interested. The reason why the myth exists and an counter-proof can find in this article Source Channel seperation Theorem. Note that it could be an advanced topic, depending on your background.