Recommended literature to learn essential aspects of signals and its propagation
It seems that you are looking for books to learn about multiple topics. Skimming through your question I think these are the topics:


Aspects of signals (signal mean, its power,amplitude,frequency,etc )
Signals propagation in space or any other medium


I would recommend parts of the following books :


Bernard Sklar - Digital Communications Fundamentals and
Applications 2nd Edition  
Bruce Carlson - Communications Systems 4th Edition  
Simmon Haykin - Communication Systems  4th Edition   
John G. Proakis - Digital Communications 4th Edition  


A little bit more deep:


D.G.Manolakis - Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing - Spectral Estimation, Signal Modeling, Adaptive Filtering and Array Processing
Fuqin Xiong - Digital Modulation Techniques 2nd edition

edition