Image Filtering by Averaging Similar Areas of the Same Image - Patch Based Processing
Those kind of algorithms are called Non Local algorithms.
The most known algorithms of this family is the - Non Local Means which is a decent Noise Reduction (Denoising) algorithm.

Until the Deep Learning boom, this approach has been extended and usually means working in the Patch Space of image - Patch Based Models and Algorithms for Image Denoising: A Comparative Review Between Patch Based Images Denoising Methods for Additive Noise Reduction.

All those are based on a model in patch based - Average by some kind of a metric / Similarity or some kind of Low Rank model