Does this Signal Smoothing algorithm have a name?
Not sure if this has a name, but it is a nonlinear low pass filter that uses different smoothing constants depending on the input signal deviation from the filtered output. Small deviations are typically assumed to indicate consistency with the smooth estimation and result in little adaption to the input, while large deviations indicate a relevant state change and allow the system to adapt quickly.

The system difference equation is
$$y[n] = y[n-1] + \left(x[n]-y[n-1]\right) * F\left((x[n]-y[n-1])^2\right)$$

If you assume that the feedback term is constant and $F=1$, the system passes the input to the output unmodified. Smaller $F&gt;0$ will create a first order lowpass filter and the output signal will be smoothed correspondingly.

If the nonlinear term is well behaved and can be analysed like a time-dependent cutoff parameter. The interesting behaviour of your $$F(d)=\frac{H+(I-H)d}{J^2+d}$$
is that near $d=0$ and for $d\to\infty$. For the first case you get $F(0)=H/J^2$ and for the second case $F(\infty)=I-H$. In between $F$ is monotonous and approximately constant for $d&lt;&lt;J^2$. 

That means for small $d$ compared to $J^2$ the filter rejects assumed additive noise with approximately constant feedback and therefore behaves like a traditional low pass filter with feedback $H/J^2$. As $d$ increases, the filter behaviour switches to pass-through for sudden changes and reaches its asymptotic behaviour as traditional low pass filter at a feedback of $I-H$.

Arguably a different set of parameters would make this filter structure clearer. Substituting $H/J^2$ and $I-H$ with frequency related feedback constants would probably help.

Edit: I've used similar filters for smoothing high resolution potentiometer inputs in MIDI controllers.