Find Short Clip of Audio Within Longer Clip Of Audio
As good as AUDFPRINT is, I think it is overkill for your problem, as is solving a different problem (where the audio being compared can be arbitrary). You already know what that your shorter file and your longer file capture the same audio scene and you only need to calculate the "offset" between them.

This thread on cross-correlation has a lot of good info:
Cross correlation vs FFT for finding phase between 2 signals

How do I implement cross-correlation to prove two audio files are similar?

If you go the cross-correlation route, I think that phase-correlation (variant) will give you much better results, than simply the basic cross-correlation.

The primary difference is that you normalize your fft coefficients to unit magnitude prior to your inverse-fft, so the phase-correlation is based only on phase information and is insensitive to changes in magnitude/intensity (which makes it more robust, able to synchronize quiet and loud recordings of the same scene)