Email Professor asking if I can talk about the research we conduct
First, I think you should assume that it is ok to talk to a potential future advisor. No one should forbid you to do this. But you can ask your current advisor if there are elements that should be held back "for now." If there are strong reservations, ask for advice on how answers to questions on the research should be stated. Those questions will come, of course. 

One way to deflect questions that you are not comfortable answering is to refer the questioner to your professor for details. 

Some things might be sensitive, such as incomplete results or innovative methodology, but it is more likely that the details of such things, rather than their mere existence, that might need to be held in confidence at the current time.  

You can set up the meeting with the potential future advisor without hearing back, but keep your own advisor informed about the meeting. 

You need to keep two people happy and their interests are a bit different, though not necessarily at odds. But don't neglect your own interest here. 

You have a right to advance your own career, of course.