Isn't the PhD supervisor required to teach the student the research subject and prerequisites, in order to save time?
Supervisors train; they don't teach. (Albeit the distinction between terms is rather subtle.)


  why can't the supervisor teach at least the prerequisites and the subject of research to some extent?


A PhD is like an apprenticeship, rather than a taught degree (such as an undergraduate degree). Hence, supervisors are expected to train, not teach.


  the literature survey and the publishing will be done by the student only.


Actually, the supervisor will guide the student in both activities and will (likely) be a co-author of any publications.


  is...the supervisor [likely] to teach or not?


No: The supervisor has said they won't teach nor is it their job to do so. 



The supervisor is quoted as saying, "I am not going to teach...it is your responsibility to complete prerequisites," which might reference (especially in the US) taught courses that PhD students are required to take. Given such context, the supervisor may merely be explaining that it isn't their responsibility to provide any help for taught courses.