How to protect my research rights when my proposal was stolen by my chair?
If you have been informed that your contract isn't being renewed, then the question is how badly you want to burn any bridges. However, I suspect that your chair is going to be of no use to you in any event.

The first thing you need to do is collect all of your records related to the grant. Any email, correspondence, etc.—anything that shows you were the real originator of the grant, and that she basically stole the work. I would also include the correspondence showing that your contract will not be renewed, as well as the visit of your future replacement. All of this shows dishonest intent on the part of your chair. This evidence should then be sent simultaneously to:


the dean of your college;
whoever is responsible for research across the university;
the chief administrative officer of the university;
the agent in charge of the section at the agency who awarded the grant; and
the office at the grant agency responsible for investigations into the grant.


The way you have been treated is reprehensible and the chair under no circumstances should be allowed to "skate free."

It also goes without saying that you should not do any further work related to this grant. You should also find a good lawyer.