How to cite where names are not of [firstName lastName] form, in particular patronymic?
Interesting question. The best thing would certainly be to consult the journal's style manual or, if this does not yield an answer (as is likely), to ask the editor. Their response is conclusive. Having said that, the issue seems to be very complex. There are no hard and fast rules. I quote from the "Referencing Manual For IAIS students" (Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exter):


  Some names are made up of fifteen or even twenty words, and it can be
  baffling at first glance to determine how to put the various elements
  in the right order. […] Any one of these elements can become the 'urf'
  (customary name).
  
  […] 
  
  Once you have established the ‘urf, it is customary to follow this by
  the author’s given name (ism) and the name of his father (nasab)
  joined by the word ibn (son of – also written bin) or bint (daughter
  of) in the case of a woman.
  
  […]
  
  Surnames are a relatively recent phenomenon across the Islamic world
  and modern Arabic names only came into existence towards the end of
  the 19th century. It is now accepted practice, particularly in the
  West, to treat the final element of a person’s name as a surname and
  the first as a forename, so it is now correct to cite Taha Ḥusayn as
  Ḥusayn, Taha, although you will find Taha Husayn in older books and
  catalogues. The Western obsession with the surname can lead to some
  strange coinages, for example Saddam Hussein’s full name is Ṣaddām
  ibn Ḥusayn al-Tikrītī, yet it is now standard to cite him by his
  father’s given name (Ḥusayn) as a surname. (Most second forenames
  indicate the father’s name, which is why names such as Aḥmad can be
  found as the second element in women’s forenames). Similarly, the form
  of given name `Abd (slave/servant of), followed by one of the
  ninety-nine names of God, should never be split from the element which
  follows it, although most Westerners still cite Jamāl ‘Abd al-Nāṣir
  (wrongly) as Nasser.


The referencing manual suggests to use the following established bibliographic resources to find the 'urf (customary name):


the bibliography of a scholarly book (however, different sources will quote the same Arabic name in different ways)
the Exeter University Library catalogue, which uses the best-known name in the Library of Congress transliteration
the Encyclopaedia of Islam
the Library of Congress Authority List


In all of these cases, problems with transliteration may render it difficult to look up the proper name.

The University of Malaya's APA Formatting and Style Guide is another useful resource.