Tasteful way to indicate large funding in job application
The (main) reason you can't just blurt that out in your CV is that it's not necessarily relevant:


  Company X partnered with my university in a Billion-dollar-funded research project and I'm one of the Ph.D. candidates in it.


Suppose I said that. Well, so what if it was a Billion-dollar collaboration? Did I broker the deal? Did I propose the project? Was I in charge of coordination? If not then it really doesn't matter.

In your case, if you actually had a contribution to the collaboration other than being selected to do a Ph.D. - write a few sentences about what you actually did. Those sentences could at the same time illustrate the large scale (inn terms of people, organizational commitment, impact, time etc.) of the project and why you deserve some credit for it.