Postdoctoral fellowships/calls to work in Europe for scientists/mathematicians/engineers that are similar to Marie curie?
Listing what I know, but it won't be a complete answer for sure.

Germany has several opportunities for foreigners, including DAAD and Humboldt fellowships.

Italy has launched this year for the first time a call with name SIR; it is now closed, but maybe it will be renewed.

All of them are generalist calls, not aimed at a particular field.