Translating academic CV - translate names of papers/thesis?
Things can be different in the humanities, but English is the language of science and, in a STEM field, you can reasonably expect whoever will read your CV to be able to understand the titles of your works (if they are in English).

However, if, as a courtesy to the reader, you wish to translate the titles anyway, don't eliminate the original titles, but put the two versions side-by-side.

Your last point is more critical:


  leave the names of the university and the qualification as-is per link 1, or put in parentheses the French name equivalent of my prior qualification?



The name of the university should be absolutely left as-is, unless
the university itself does not provide an official French
translation, which I doubt (on the other side, universities from non-English speaking countries sometimes issue statements about official English translations of their names or department names). 
It's not always easy to find equivalences among qualifications in different countries, and it's almost impossible for grades. Thus, if you want to provide a translation, leave the original qualifications and grades too, so that the application committee can employ their equivalence rules, if they have any.