Should I list my degrees chronologically, or in order of relevance in my CV?
I would stick to the standard listing. As you say, the reader wants to spend only 10 seconds, so don't write it in a way that might confuse them. If you list a lower ranked degree before a higher ranked one, they may stop reading at what they imagine the end. 

In general it probably isn't good to get too clever in lists of things. Be clever in your letter and interviews.