Should a dissertation cite the chapter within the dissertation or the published manuscript?
If you have a dissertation with structure


Chapter m = Paper n
Chapter m+1 = Paper n+1


where Paper n+1 builds on and cites Paper n, then the best course of action seems to have Chapter m+1 cite both Chapter m and Paper n. That way you provide both the convenience for the reader to find the relevant material by just looking at another page in the current document, and the proper original source.

The same idea applies to other expository documents too, like review articles and textbooks.