Do all the co-authors of a publication own the content and may use RAW DATA, text, figure or table for their own publication?
If authors A-E publish data, then author F can freely use that data. Author C has the same rights as author F: The data is public (to subscribers), anyone can use it.


  After asking the editor permission that co-author C have (he is limited to re-use only 3 tables or figures), do co-author C has the right to publish part of theses data in a new paper as a unique author? 


By stating "[author C] is limited to re-use only 3 tables or figures," the editor only seems to be considering copyright. (The consideration seems rather naive, because using three tables or figures might not constitute a copyright violation.) 

You can freely use all published data, you cannot include all published data (that might be a copyright violation).


  these data are considered to represent (30%) of the data set for the
  new paper. 


That might be too much data to reproduce -- you'll need to consider copyright issues. This probably isn't an issue, because you needn't reproduce everything, e.g., From A et al. [Their Table 1, X], we can infer Your Table 1.


  The same may
  be also applied to the raw data already published as supporting data?


Yes, you can use all published data.