Professor Isn't Teaching the Course we Signed up for
In the absence of really bad things, department chairs are going to defer to the course teacher, just as you saw. The department chair may reprimand the teacher, but this will be in private and you will never know it happened. Bringing the issue to the Dean will not result in any changes as they will also simply defer to the department chair, unless of course it is something really bad. The Dean may reprimand the Chair, but you will never know.

In terms of is there anything you can do, there is nothing you can do to change the course. The Chair, however, should hopefully work with you (and possibly the department administrator or undergraduate/graduate chair) to withdraw without it showing up on your transcript, getting a tuition refund (if appropriate), helping you add a different class, and helping you get into the version you want next semester.