Submission paper to a journal with no reply
From what I understand, the journal has a schedule for considering articles to be published in the next issues. This means that if you miss a (not the) deadline, your article will be considered for inclusion in a subsequent issue. No problem there.

You not having heard from them in 10 days does not mean your paper was not received. I assume they received the paper already, but they 're too busy/unprofessional not to send back a confirmation or a thank you email.

Yes, of course you can ask about the status; nothing wrong can come out of that. I would write an email of the form:

Dear Editor,
I am writing to inquire about the status of the paper, entitled:
[title]
that I submitted to the [Journal name], on [Date].
I would appreciate if you could confirm that you have received the paper.
Best regards,
[Name]
[Affiliation]


Assuming of course that you have checked your spam folder.