how long does a company normally take to respond to the question asked for dissertation?
The time seems extremely short to me. Unless they know of the urgency and agree to expedite you could wind up without the data you need. A normal request could take a while as the person you contact needs, perhaps, to gather information from those who may be busy or unavailable. 

They may be willing to work faster if prodded, but it might be better coming from your professor, if that is appropriate. A note that the information is needed asap to allow the completion of research might help if worded correctly. Unfortunately, people have their own priorities. 

The more extensive the information, the longer it takes to pull it together, of course. 

It sounds as if visiting the person you contacted, face to face, isn't an option here. But you may be able to use voice communication with your correspondents to get the data if it isn't too extensive. In that case, make appointments for calls. 

I suggest that you don't wait for the information to come in before you start. There might be a lot you can do and only plug in the results in to a framework already in place in case the information is delayed. The structure of the dissertation shouldn't depend too much on the actual data, though the conclusions might.