Co-author blocking publication
There are several options for Alice:


Ask Bob if he is willing to give up his authorship. Then, if he says
it is OK, publish without his name (but make clear in which part he was involved). 
Remove Bob's contribution from the paper and then publish. (Which might not be possible.)
Find some common ground (maybe with the help of someone else) with Bob and then publish. (The best way, but
may not be possible.)
Do not publish the paper at all.



  Can Alice treat Bob as refusing authorship of the paper, and publish
  the manuscript without his name?


No.