What is the difference between a research paper and a student paper?
A research paper is original work and could be written by anyone with the background.  A student paper is a research paper written exclusively by student(s).  The reality is that faculty will be involved in some way, even if it is only running the research program which made the work possible.  In reality, the faculty will be more involved than that: discussing, reading and suggesting.  But that's part of the job, in my opinion.