Is it OK to re-use data from a previously publication in a new publication?
Looking for guidance in journal instructions, I find that at least one journal-running society says


  In the event that the authors' previously published figures and/or data are included in a submitted manuscript, it is incumbent upon the corresponding author to (i) identify the duplicated material and acknowledge the source on the submission form, (ii) obtain permission from the original publisher (i.e., copyright owner), (iii) acknowledge the duplication in the figure legend, and (iv) cite the original article.


That makes it clear that some data re-use is acceptable so long as it's clearly indicated as such.  The journal also says 


  It is incumbent upon the author to acknowledge any prior publication, including his/her own articles, of the data contained in a manuscript submitted to an ASM journal. A copy of the relevant work should be submitted with the paper as supplemental material not for publication. Whether the material constitutes the substance of a paper and therefore renders the manuscript unacceptable for publication is an editorial decision.


which makes it clear that it's not a blanket okay, and the editor will use their judgement as to how much is acceptable.