Resubmission after Rejection
Unless you were told not to resubmit then a complete reworking of the paper (from the data up) could be submitted. It might be rejected immediately, of course.
But I caution you about a &quot;rebuttal&quot;. If you try to explain why they were wrong to reject the paper it will probably fail. If you, instead, submit a note of changes, updates, and improvements of the paper it will be better received. Unfortunately the word &quot;rebuttal&quot; is often misused in this context and the literal meaning gives the wrong impression about what should be included. If you think you need to explain why the editor was wrong, you should save yourself some time, effort, and pain and jut submit the paper (with improvements) elsewhere.
But note that &quot;reject&quot; means different things to different journals. Sometimes it is absolute and final (i.e. &quot;go away&quot;). Otherwise it just might mean &quot;you've got a lot of work to do here - more than we care to deal with&quot;. Hopefully the rejection note from the editor lets you distinguish which situation applies.