Do advisors typically fund travel for PhD students in non-conference settings (e.g., university seminars, industry meetings, etc.)?
All work related travel that has been assigned to you by your advisor should be funded. That's a general rule (also outside academia, at least in Germany).

You may also ask your advisor if they'll refund travel costs for the things you mentioned. In this case your advisor may ask you to check for other funding resources (travel grants for conferences, possible refunding by the university that invited you…). More concretely for your examples:


Seminars at other universities: If you are invited to give a talk but the other university is not funding you, then I'd hope yes but no for just attending that seminar.
A Technical Program Committee (TPC) meeting: If you are a member of the TPC then yes (however, for the TPCs I know, the member usually have their own funding).
An industry conference where the student hasn't published anything but is there to promote their work in a talk or demo: If you have a talk or official demo at the conference then I'd say yes, if you only want to go there networking then generally no (unless there are some funds that are going to expire).