Geographic differences in bioethics and effect on experimental research in biology
The short answer to your question is yes, there are differences in local laws related to bioethical concerns in different countries (and even different states in the same country).

For example, consider the difference in local laws related to stem cell research. According to Wikipedia (I don't know how up-to-date this is):


  These laws have been the source of much controversy and vary significantly by country. In the European Union, stem cell research using the human embryo is permitted in Sweden, Finland, Belgium, Greece, Britain, Denmark and the Netherlands; however, it is illegal in Germany, Austria, Ireland, Italy, and Portugal. The issue has similarly divided the United States, with several states enforcing a complete ban and others giving financial support. Elsewhere, Japan, India, Iran, Israel, South Korea, China, and Australia are supportive. However, New Zealand, most of Africa (except South Africa), and most of South America (except Brazil) are restrictive.


More broadly, the International Compilation of Human Research Standards (compiled by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) lists relevant laws and guidelines on human subjects research around the world.

Regarding


  does it mean that e.g. in Israel (Jewish culture) it is possible to carry out experiments forbidden in India (Hindu culture)?


Civic and legislative systems are highly complex, as are the degrees and the ways in which they are affected by cultural and religious influences. 
So reducing Israel to "Jewish culture" and India to "Hindu culture" is not a particularly useful way to reason about what is permissible in each country.