How to deal with political (literal) situations in the workplace?
How should I go about addressing such sensitive issues without raising a furor? 


Either keep silence or avoid going to such places if you can't withstand such talks.


  how can I present history/societal and political issues from the other side of the fence without creating a fuss? 


You can't. Reality is different from place to place and human minds are built according to realities they live in. 

Its futile to talk about the benefit of democracy with a person from mainland China; futile to try to explain why invasion of Ukraine was a bad idea to a Russian; futile to try to convince a neo-Nazi to not to stab a Turkish guy.


  Is that even possible?


No. This is about ideology. Ideologies can't be argued with. They are deeply rooted into human souls.

Someone who passed their entire life living under the roof of democracy in Hong Kong can not be convinced to cede their right of freedom of speech only because their country is systematically taken over by a communist country. That is why we saw Umbrella Movement.