How to deal with consequential rounding errors when verifying the works of others?
Now, I doubt any decent teacher would discard this result as wrong


I'm generally considered a decent teacher, and, yes, I'd consider that result partly wrong and I'd remove a mark or two, because students, especially from certain fields (e.g. engineering), should learn to get the values right, also, not only the math.

There are mathematical tools that allow to evaluate the effect of rounding errors and to deal with uncertainty of parameters in general: if in an academic paper, the authors overlooked the effect of the rounding errors (getting the wrong result or suggesting a model excessively sensitive to the parameters), I'd suggest to reject the paper asking for major revisions, pointing out at the proper literature.