How should a Phd student deal with rude professors or faculty?
There may be more happening with the professors to make them as rude as you say.  However, having said that, there is no excuse for incivility and rudeness - it is not professional and certainly not conducive to a productive academic environment.

On to your main question, on how to do deal with the day-to-day rudeness, I was in such an environment when I was completing my honours in geology.  This situation is similar to an unpleasant workplace.  

This is how I got through the honours year:


Focus on your goal, not on the personalities - by this, I mean always 're-focus' your thoughts to be task orientated (not easy to do).
Form a friendship group amongst your fellow students, not to complain what is happening, but to mutually re-focus your attentions to your work.
Don't take anything said to you personally (also sometimes not easy to do).


Is it at all possible to transfer to another research group/university?  it does sound that the academics' frustrations are being taken out on the graduate students.

I hope this helps.