How much salary can I expect as a physics post doc in the Netherlands?
You can expect rather more than that.


10/0 corresponds to a second year PhD student (functieschaal P). A postdoc typically goes on somewhere around 10-5, plus a point per year. So you might hope to be somewhere around 10-8.
To get your annual salary, multiply these numbers by 14: 12 months plus two bonus payments. Don't ask me why.
Coming from abroad you are probably eligible to be paid under the "30% rule", where you get the first 30% of your salary tax free.


Thus, after tax you can expect to get something in the region of €35-40k ($48-55k). Be aware that living costs may be higher than you're used to in the US.

Of course, you shouldn't rely on this information: talk to the HR department. But the situation isn't as bad as you fear!