How should I proceed if I am late in applying for postdoc positions?
my colleagues are saying that doing postdoc from the same place is extremely bad for an academic profile


Doing a postdoc only with your PhD advisor might look bad, because it looks like you couldn't get a postdoc somewhere else.  But a brief extended stay at your PhD institution is more likely to be seen as a no-op—most people will understand that it was just a timing issue—especially if you later have a productive postdoc somewhere else.

In any case, you don't have a time machine, so worrying about what you should have done is completely pointless.  Your job now is to make sure your eventual postdoc/faculty application package is as strong as possible.  Do that research!  Publish those papers!  Give those talks!  Build that network!  Cultivate those letter-writers!