How to cite a book when both the first and the latest editions' years matter?
What you are asking is somewhere between an annotated bibliography and a normal reference list. I'm not aware of a formal way to do this.

However, this is the APA way to cite a republished book:


  Doe, J. (2002). On the Fooing of Bars (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Baz Publishers. (Original work published 1982)


For your purpose, to indicate not the orignal edition but the first edition in which a certain proof appears, I suggest to adapt it this way:


  Doe, J. (2002). On the Fooing of Bars (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Baz Publishers.
   (The proof first appeared in the 2nd edition, 1982)


In both cases, the in-text reference would be: 


  (Doe, 1982/2002)