Can scientists be categorized according to temperament and working style?
I started this off as a comment, but I think I'll try to put it in an answer instead.

I categorize researchers into "Could see myself working together with them" and "I don't think our styles mash". Note that this a completely different and independent from my categorization into "I think they are good researchers" and "I don't think they are good researchers". (For one, I would't even consider somebody in terms of potential collaboration if I didn't think they fit my definition of "good researcher".) 

Besides a researchers style, each researcher has their own individual strengths (and weaknesses). I mention as I would attribute some of the things you mention to individual's strengths, rather than style. Here, I would count things such as verbal communication skills, written communication skills, admin and bureaucracy skills (it is amazing to have a collaborator that can easily approve an unexpected expense!), industrial contacts (and a related skill of talking about research to people outside of academia). Note that I am making a difference between "having good verbal communication skills" (skill) and "having a communication style that I like" (style).

The point is: there are just too many factors to "categorize" researchers, and besides unnecessarily creating divides and "boxes" for people, even in your head, sounds a bit counter-productive.

Instead - figure out what you like, and which environment suits you best. For all potential collaborators, see how well they fit with your style, and make a separate decision for every person in your professional network. It is rare that a single person will tick all your boxes if you make it a matter of ticking boxes (i.e. the preferred communication style, preferred communication frequency and medium, complementary strengths, personality match, etc) - but if you figure out which "style of collaborator" suits you the best, you can start looking for a person you would enjoy working with (despite their possible shortcomings).