Returning to research/academia
In deciding between Options 1 and 2, be sure to think about what your personal situation might be like ten years from now.  In particular, do you want to get married?  Do you want to have children?  If you have a supportive spouse who makes a large income and no children at that time, quitting your job and restarting your Ph.D. will probably be relatively easy.  If you're the sole breadwinner for a household of five, and your spouse's income prospects are limited, it may be nearly impossible for you to do this;  you're probably better off toughing it out now.



Concerning Option 3:  as a general rule, one has to be truly exceptional to get hired as a full-time professor without a Ph.D. in the USA.  This is because of two factors:


Universities are judged on what fraction of their faculty have "terminal degrees".  This is one of the metrics used in the U.S. News &amp; World Report rankings, for example.
In almost every field, the number of Ph.D.s granted each year is far greater than the number of full-time academic jobs that become available.  This means that every academic job vacancy in the US could be filled several times over and still leave many Ph.D.s without employment in academia. 


All of this means that if you apply for such a job without a Ph.D., and all other things being equal, it is unlikely that a hiring committee will seriously consider your application over the dozens/hundreds of candidates with a doctorate.  The situation may not be as bad in CS as it is in other fields, since CS Ph.D.s can (presumably) more easily find employment outside of academia;  but it's still a factor that's working against you. Neither of these factors is likely to lessen over the next decade or so;  if anything, universities have been steadily moving away from employing full-time professors and towards employing adjunct professors, so the latter point is likely to get worse.

This is not to say that you can't teach at the college/university level without a Ph.D.  However, your options will probably be limited to two types of jobs.  One is two-year colleges, where it is expected that teaching will take up all of your time and so the research experience &amp; credentials conferred by a Ph.D. are of minimal importance.  However, you mention that you want to be a "researcher" at a university, so this is probably not the sort of job you want.

The other is adjunct professorships:  piecemeal employment which is not full-time.  If teaching one course per semester at the local college/university as a "side hustle" while holding down a full-time job in industry appeals to you, then this might be a viable option; the above-mentioned growth of adjunct faculty positions could even work in your favor here.  Some people try to cobble together multiple adjunct positions into full-time employment, but honestly, this is a recipe for stress and heartbreak and I cannot recommend it as a career plan.