Could trying to prove myself after being accused of academic dishonesty cause me to get a more severe penalty if I don't do well?
It is unlikely that the sanction will be increased if you protest your innocence. But you don't say whether you did actually cheat in some way. If you did, then you should probably accept it and move on.
But if you didn't then, to me, the &quot;evidence&quot; seems a bit circumstantial. If it were me and I was innocent, then I would protest vigorously to whoever would listen.
The &quot;infraction&quot; is likely in your file in case there is a repeat accusation. But, in most places, it won't follow you after graduation - and it would be improper if it did.