How do I look up a graph in 說文通訓定聲?
How to look up an entry in 《說文通訓定聲》?

前言 Introduction

一般中文字典的內容是按部首字形分類排列。
《說文通訓定聲》則是依音韻分類排列。
從內容順序來看，作者 朱駿聲 是假設讀者已熟悉字的音韻。
所以，他先列出自創的「古韻十八部」做為「總目」，然後才是各部的內容。
The contents of common Chinese dictionaries are classified and arranged according to the shapes of radicals.
《說文通訓定聲》 is arranged in accordance with phonology.
Judging from the order of contents, the author, 朱駿聲, assumed that the readers are familiar with the sound of characters.
So, he listed first the self-created "18 classes of classical rhyme" as the "總目錄, Main Contents", and then the contents of each class.

在每一部的前面是「字目」，隨後才是各字的說明。
「字目」是依「聲符」分類。
「聲符」即是形聲字的聲音部分。
Each class begins with the "字目錄, Contents of Characters", followed by the interpretation of each character.
字目 is classified according to the "sound symbol".
聲符 is the sound part of a picto-phonetic character.

註：形聲字的「形符」和「聲符」有很多種英文翻譯。此處暫用直譯的。
Note: There are many English translations of 「形符」 and 「聲符」. The literal translations are used here.

所以，正規的搜尋方式是：
先在「總目」找到「待尋字」是屬於哪一部；
而後到該部的「字目」依「聲符」去找「待尋字」的位置；
最後才向後找「待尋字」的說明。
Therefore, a regular search is as follows.
First, determine which class the target character belongs to in the Main Contents.
Secondly, according to the sound symbol of the target, find its position in the Contents of Characters of that class.
Finally, search the interpretation of the target in the subsequent contents.

此「聲符」是古韻，一般人不清楚全部的發音，所以很難使用這套工具書。
所幸，作者在後面列有索引之類的「韻目」，我們可以利用它來搜尋。
這「韻目」是依部首排列，是我們熟悉的方式，所以應該大家都會用。
The "sound symbols" are in ancient rhyme, which most people don't know all of them, so it is difficult to use this set of reference works.
Fortunately, the author included an index-like "Contents of Rhyme" in the rear volume, and we can use it to search.
This "Contents of Rhyme" is arranged according to radicals, i.e. we are familiar with, so everybody should be able to use it.

以下就用「䟠」做例子詳述查閱的步驟。
The following steps show you how to look up an entry in 《說文通訓定聲》by using 䟠 as an example.

步驟 Steps

⒈ 開啟《說文通訓定聲》網頁。
Open 《說文通訓定聲》 page.

⒉ 點選「說文通訓定聲十九」。
Click 說文通訓定聲十九.  



⒊ 「韻目」在第2圖到第6圖。
The images from 2 to 6 show the "音韻目錄 Contents of Rhyme".

「䟠」是七畫的「足」部，在第4圖。
䟠 belongs to 7-stroke 足 radical in Image 4.  



⒋ 從第7圖開始，逐一列出各字。
Starting from Image 7, the words are listed one by one.

「足」部從第151圖開始。
「䟠」在第152圖。
The 足 radical starts from Image 151.
䟠 is in Image 152.  



如果是書本會比較方便，因為在奇數頁的邊緣印有部首。
掃描的圖片就只能在上方搜尋欄或瀏覽器位址列輸入圖數跳著找。
It is more convenient if using a paper version, because the edges of the odd pages show the radicals.
For the scanned images, we can only jump to a specific image by changing the number in the searching field at the top or in the address bar of the browser.  



⒌ 找到「待尋字」後，往上看圓角矩形，其內容說明它是屬於「古韻十八部」中的哪一韻。
After having found the target word, look the rounded rectangle above, which shows the class of the target.

像「䟠」是屬於「泰韻」。
For example, 䟠 belongs to 泰 [ ㄊㄞˋ | tài ] class.  



⒍ 回到第1步驟的頁面，點選「說文通訓定聲二」。
Go back to the page in the first step, and click 說文通訓定聲二.

⒎ 「總目」在第2圖和第3圖。
The Main Contents are in Image 2 and Image 3.

「泰部」在第3圖。
The 泰 class is in Image 3.  



「分部月」是指音韻為「月」分部。
「轉乾屯」是指轉音為「乾部」和「屯部」。
分部月 means that the sound belongs to 月 [ ㄩㄝˋ | yuè ] subclass.
轉乾屯 means that the sound is changed to 乾 [ ㄑㄧㄢˊ | qián ] class and 屯 [ ㄓㄨㄣ | zhūn ] class.

⒏ 從第4圖開始依「十八部」列出各部。
Starting from Image 4, it shows each class in the sequence of "18 classes".

「豐部弟一」從第2册第4圖開始。
豐部第一 starts from Image 4 of the 2nd volume.
「升部弟二」從第3册第2圖開始。
「臨部弟三」從第3册第60圖開始。
「謙部弟四」從第4册第2圖開始。
「頤部弟五」從第5册第2圖開始。
「孚部弟六」從第6册第2圖開始。
「小部弟七」從第7册第2圖開始。
「需部弟八」從第8册第2圖開始。
「豫部弟九」從第9册第2圖開始。
「隨部弟十」從第10册第2圖開始。
「解部弟十一」從第11册第2圖開始。
「履部弟十二」從第12册第2圖開始。
「泰部弟十三」從第13册第2圖開始。
「乾部弟十四」從第14册第2圖開始。
「屯部弟十五」從第15册第2圖開始。
「坤部弟十六」從第16册第2圖開始。
「鼎部弟十七」從第17册第2圖開始。
「壯部弟十八」從第18册第2圖開始。

「䟠」所屬的「泰部弟十三」在第13册。
也就是第1步驟頁面中的「說文通訓定聲十三」。
泰部第十三 that 䟠 belongs to is in the volume 13.
That is 說文通訓定聲十三 in the front page shown in the first step.

⒐ 每一部先列出「字目」，然後才一一列出各字內容。
「字目」是依「聲符」分類，此等用來分類的「聲符」會被框起來。
此「聲符」是古韻，未必和現今發音相同。
一般人不知道古韻，就只能猜其相似的音。
It shows the "Contents of Characters" first in each class, and then the interpretation of each word.
字目 is classified according to the "sound symbol", and those used to classify the words are framed.
The sound symbols are in ancient rhyme, which may not be the same as today's pronunciation.
Most people nowadays do not know all the ancient rhyme, so we can only guess the similar sound.

以「䟠」為例，左邊的「⻊」是形聲字的「形符」，右邊的「戉」是「聲符」，便以此分類「䟠」字。
「戉」是從「（居月切）」衍生而來，故用「」表示。
Using 䟠 as an example, the left component ⻊ is the "shape symbol" of the pictophonetic character; the right part 戉 is the "sound symbol", which is then used to classify 䟠.
戉 [ ㄩㄝˋ | yuè ] is derived from  [ ㄐㄩㄝˊ | jué ], so  is the indicator.  



⒑ 要快速找到一個字的說明，要先知道該字在「字目」中的位置。
然後在上方搜尋欄輸入圖數跳著找。
這個時候瀏覽器要開兩個分頁，一個是「字目」，另一個是正在搜尋的頁面。
用搜尋頁上方的大字去比對「字目」，才能判斷出要向前或向後搜尋。
In order to find the interpretation of a word quickly, we should know its position in the "Contents of Characters" first.
And then we can jump to a particular image by inputing the image number in the searching field.
The browser should open two tabs now, one for the "Contents of Characters" and the other for searching.
We have to use the large characters at the top of the searching page to compare the words in the "Contents of Characters" so that we can determine to search forward or backward.

譬如，「泰部字目」從第2圖到第12圖。
「䟠」在第11圖前面的位置。
此册共191圖。
我們就可以推測出「䟠」的圖數大概在第150到180圖之間。
For example, the "Contents of Characters" of 泰 class span from the second to the twelfth images.
䟠 is in the front part of Image 11.
This volume has 191 images.
We can roughly infer that 䟠 is somewhere between the 150th and the 180th iamges.

我們先跳到第170圖，可以看到上方的一個大字是「茷」。
We jump to the 170th image first, and can see one of the big characters at the top is 茷.  



「茷」在「字目」中的第12圖，「䟠」在第11圖前面的位置。
茷 is shown in Image 12 in the "Contents of Characters", and 䟠 in the front part of Image 11.  



這樣我們就知道要向前找。
So, we know that we should look up backward.
依此類推，便可找到「䟠」在第156圖。
And so on, we can find 䟠 in the 156th image.  



步驟摘要 Summary of Steps


用「說文通訓定聲十九」中的「韻目」查出「待尋字」所屬的韻部。
Find out which class the target word belongs to by using the "Contents of Rhyme" in Volume 19.
用「說文通訓定聲二」的「總目」查出該韻部所在的册數。
Find out the volume number of that class by using the "Main Contents" in Volume 2.
用該册開頭的「字目」查出「待尋字」的位置。
Find out the position of the word in question by using the "Contents of Characters" in the beginning part of that volume.
在後續內容中查閱該字的解釋。
Look up its interpretation in the subsequent contents.




「䟠」的意思 The meaning of 䟠

《說文通訓定聲》對「䟠」的解釋原文如下：
The original interpretation of 䟠 in 《說文通訓定聲》 is as follows.


  輕足也从足戉聲廣雅釋詁一䟠疾也按飛揚發越之意與越畧同


輕足也。
「䟠」是「輕足」的意思。
䟠 means 輕快的 (brisk; nimble) 腳 (feet).  

所以，「輕足」的意思是「行走迅捷」。
Therefore, 輕足 means "fast walking".

从足戉聲。
从足：部首是「足」。「⻊」是形聲字的「形」。
从足: The radical is 足. ⻊ is the shape part of a pictophonetic character.
戉聲：「戉」的聲韻。「戉」是形聲字的「聲」。
戉聲: The pronunciation is 戉 [ ㄩㄝˋ | yuè ]. 戉 is the sound part.

《廣雅˙釋詁一》 䟠，疾也。
《廣雅》書中的〈釋詁〉篇第一部分提到：「䟠」是「疾」的意思。
The first part of 釋詁 chapter of the book 廣雅 mentioned that 䟠 means 疾.  

「疾」的意思是「快速、急速」。
疾 means "fast or rapid".

按：飛揚發越之意，與越畧同。
作者說明：「䟠」是「飛揚發越」的意思，和「越」大略相同。
Author's Note: 䟠 means 飛揚發越, and is roughly the same as 越.  

「飛揚」的意思是「飛騰」。
飛揚 means "flying".
「發越」的意思是「疾速」。
發越 means "fast".  

所以，「䟠」是「快速行走」或「健步如飛」的意思。
Therefore, 䟠 means "fast walking" or "walking as if flying".