Is there a difference between 型態 and 形態？
We could firstly define the differences between 形 and 型.  While both defining as shape, I will say 型 is more toward 'shaped' in a sense:  


  形 focus on the description of appearance, like a circle (圆形), square (正方形) which are
  mostly tangible, where 型 refers to standardizing of
  form / shape / pattern.  


For example, 人的形態 - the form of a man - describe the appearance / gesture of a man.  Same goes for 社會經濟形態 - description of the economic form of a society.  

資料型態 - data type - the types of data defined such as integer / float / etc.

Also note that 形 can be used as a verb which has various meaning depends on usage.