Is there a word to indicate incorrectness?
For a verb with the prefix mis- you can use 错 (incorrectly, wrongly) to express the same thing.

Examples:
I misread - 我看错了（Literally: I read wrongly)

I misspoke - 我说错了（Lit.: I spoke incorrectly)

I made a mistake - 我做错了/我搞错了（Literally: I did it incorrectly)

And for a noun with prefix mis-, one usually use 误 to replace it. While 错 is sometimes also acceptable for nouns, as in the few examples that you gave, I believe that 误 sounds more natural, and in words such as 误解，you cannot replace 误 by 错 at all (错解 is not a word). Note that this is quite subtle, since 错误 as a whole word also simply means "mistake", and 错 and 误 have very similar meanings, but their respective usages are not entirely interchangeable.

Examples:

A mistranslation - 一个误译（“译”=“翻译”=translation）

A misunderstanding - 一个误解（“解”=“理解”=understanding）

A misuse - 一个误用（“用”=“使用”=use）

However, some words cannot be translated this way. For example, "misrepresentation" can only be translated as "歪曲" (which is an entirely figurative translation), but never as "误+something", because Chinese does not have a single character which means "representation“ on its own. （The two-character word ”反映“ means "representation", so one may consider translating "a misrepresentation" as "一个错误的反映". This is acceptable, but not as concise as “歪曲".)