Difference between 思想，心思 and 思维
As user6065 mentioned there are many examples can be found.  I'll try to give them a simple explanation:  

思维 - The generalization and indirect reaction process of the human brain by various means to objective things, or, your way of 'learning' or 'reacting' to things.
example: Perceptual figurative thinking, logical thinking, Rational thinking

思想 - The action or process of thinking, or, your thoughts / mindset / organization of ideas.
example: open-minded, great thinker

心思 - The 'application' or 'capability' of your thinking.  It could include your thoughts, your emotions / mood etc.
example: attentiveness, being considerate, carelessness