What does this phrase in Yue Fei Temple mean? (Characters identified: 忠孝千秋)
It is 忠孝千秋 (Thanks to the link Johan88 provided)
 = 忠
 = 孝
 = 千
 =  秋 (The image from the site used 秌, which is an older version of 秋. The people who made the plaque used the 秋 modern Chinese use )