Difference between 这个 and 本
When 本 is used with an identity (person, company) it is exclusively referring to the first-person, and  这 is mostly referring to the third-person (some people do refer to oneself in the third-person)

Example:
这个人 (this person - the third-person)
这位法官 = this judge (the third-person)
这間公司 = this company (the third-person)
本人 = this person (the first-person) --&gt;  this person (I myself)
本官 = this judge (the first-person) --&gt;  this judge, (I myself)
本公司 = this company (the first-person) --&gt; this company (our company)
Notice:
[本 + identity] is not always a &quot;humbling word&quot; for example 本大少爺 means 'This young master (I)'

本 means 'this/ current' when it is used with time. The difference between [这个星期六，今個世紀 ，今年] and [本週六，本世紀，本年度] is the former is more colloquial and the latter is more literary

'本地' is a compound word meaning 'local/ domestic' (adj) e.g. '本地品牌' or  'this land'; 本土 is a compound word meaning 'native' e.g. 本土品牌 or 'mainland' e.g. 日本本土