Is there any Simplified Chinese Thesaurus/Lexicon of cities. forenames and surnames, and commonwords?
Here is a complete list of all administrative divisions in China (from province to village) from National Bureau of Statistics of China:

http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2013/index.html

Unfortunately, I can't find official website about other alternative names of them, but there are several useful sites:

http://www.xzqh.org.cn/ (by Ministry of Civil Affairs)

http://www.xzqh.org/ (not official site, but informative)