Is there a Mandarin equivalent of the Cantonese term "手尾"?
To express “finish remaining work on hand” can use 收尾 in mandarin. And I think this is the word sounds closest to 手尾。So for 我執埋手尾就會走㗎啦, you can say 我做完收尾工作就走啦

唔好咁冇手尾 can be expressed as （做事）不要有头无尾

唔好要人跟(你)手尾 can be expressed as （做事）不要让别人帮你善后（or “擦屁股” ）

整傷脊椎骨就手尾長啦 probably has no similar expression.