Parsing and understanding 吃 in 对不断变化的模式无法继续追加观察，而吃了经由茧利在纳贾库普身体中...?
The text you posted is extended from a simple sentence
  
  " Subject (omitted) 吃了 (took) 电气刺激 (an electric shock)
  
  from the simple sentence above, additional relative clauses are added to give more information:
  
  "对不断变化的模式无法继续追加观察" stating the cause of the subject took an electric shock, was the subject couldn't track and observe the continually changing mode (of an object, which is also omitted)
  
  "经由茧利在纳贾库普身体中设置的装置产生的" is a adjectival clause for the noun "电气刺激". It describes the origin of the electric shock (which was generated by the device that 茧利 implanted in 纳贾库普's body)
  
  '吃' in '吃了' doesn't mean 'to eat' , it means 'took' as in  'took a left hook' (吃了一记左钩拳)


[实际上，] "In fact" (opening proclamation)

[subject] (omitted)

[对不断变化的模式无法继续追加观察，] (relative clause, stating the cause)

[而] "Therefore" 

[吃了] " took"

[经由茧利在纳贾库普身体中设置的装置产生的] (relative clause, adds details information on the following noun 

[电气刺激。] electric shock (noun)

[吃了电气刺激。] "took an electric shock" (result)