Can 岁数, 年纪 and 年龄 be used interchangeably?
年龄 is more formal and literary term for 'age'
In all written forms, it is always 年龄 on the list,  (never seen 年纪 on any form)
年龄 is described as 高 or 低. As in 高年龄/高龄; 低年龄/低龄

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年纪 is more colloquial term for 'age'
年纪 is described as 老, 大, 轻 or 少. As in 年纪老, 年纪大, 年纪轻 and 年纪少

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岁数 is a more specific term for 'age' (years old)
When you ask someone's 岁数, you expect a specific number in the answer
岁数 is described as 高, 低 or  大, 少

岁数 is also the more suitable term when describe animal's age
Example:
比赛的马匹是按马的岁数分组的 (use 年龄 or 年纪 humanize the horse too much)