Interpreting the Grammar of 用你給我的翅膀飛
用 with
你給我 you gave me
翅膀 the wings
飛 fly  

你給我的翅膀 the wings you gave me

fly with 你給我的翅膀

用你給我的翅膀飛
fly with the wings you gave me.

What you missed is the meaning of 用.
It is a preposition here and is equivalent to 以.

用...工具 ＝ 以...工具 ＝ with ... tools/instruments

You won't miss it if the sentence is 以你給我的翅膀飛 .