与世 How best translate in english
与 would mean "with" here, like 跟, to connect a noun.

与世无争 would then mean "not strife with the world", to keep a low profile, to lead a life in moderation and self-restraint.

与世长辞 is likewise a statement of a person and the world, namley that of taking a long farewell from the world, to leave this word, or less prosaic: to die. 长 here has the notion of 长久, for a very long time, or forever, like in the famous poem 但愿人长久.

与世永别 is similarly to part forever from the world.