What are other words worth learning that follow this pattern with 象?
The character 象 is a pictograph that depicts the image of an elephant. Its role in 像 and 橡 is as a phonetic component. It doesn't indicate  'size' or 'largest'.
像 (like; resemblance) and 橡(oak) have nothing to do with elephants. (象 means elephant is irrelevant, it is there for the sound)
Side note: 雕像 (statue) can be any size, some can be held in your hand