What is the meaning of the Taihang Mountains (太行山)?
太行山名字的来历

太，有极大至高的意思，行，应该就是行列的意思，联系起来，就是极大的一行。再看太行山的形势，基本是南北走向，绵延千里，分割西部黄土高原和东部华北平原，真是极大地一行列。古人命名为太行，名副其实。


太 has the meaning of 'extreme; ultimate; grand'; 行 here should be interpreted as 行列 (row). 太行 means 'grand row'. Look at the shape of the 太行山, it is basically from North to South, a thousands-mile long row,  that divided the Loess Plateau in the west and the North China Plain in the east. The ancients named it 太行 was a fitting choice

Base on the description from this article 太行山 can be translated as 'Grand Row Mountains'
From the same page:

对太行山的限定《括地志》载：“太行数千里，始于怀而终于幽，为天下之脊。”


&quot;太行&quot;, is thousands of miles long. Starts from 怀州 (Huizhou), ends at 幽州(Youzhou). It is the spine of the world

'The spine of the world' would be an extremely long row