macOS Mail crashes when window is closed (app brought into background)
While evaluating your Console report I came across nasty malware on your system called "ScorecardResearch"

Since it is interacting with your Mail and who knows with what else and it is clearly sending your information without your consent, I assume it is also responsible for the Mail error.

Get rid of it.
https://www.2-spyware.com/remove-scorecardresearch-com.html