Is there a way for me to view my Apple Watch Activity data on my mac desktop?
Not today from Apple. You would need to screenshot images from the iPhone or get a third party app to request permission on iOS and export the data. The health app data is tightly restrained and only interacts with electronic health records and iOS/watchOS apps.
Apple documentation is quite out of date, since the advice on finding compatible apps is no longer correct.

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204351

I’ve tried a couple and can not recommend any. Should that change, I’ll edit this answer to say which apps I trust and that do a good job extracting summary data like you requested. I just use my phone for now to review it when I can’t get what I need from my watch itself.