How to disable iCloud Drive option for standard users
It is possible to disable iCloud Drive in both, macOS and iOS, using a profile.

A profile can be created using the Apple Configurator. Under Restrictions, disable (uncheck) Allow iCloud documents &amp; data to create a profile that disables the iCloud Drive setting in the system preferences. 

This is done by setting allowCloudDocumentSync to false as shown in this example mobileconfig here. 

After installing the profile, the iCloud Drive option is greyed out in the system preferences.

For the sake of completeness, here is a copy of the example profile:

&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
&lt;!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"&gt;
&lt;plist version="1.0"&gt;
&lt;dict&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadContent&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;array&gt;
        &lt;dict&gt;
            &lt;key&gt;PayloadDescription&lt;/key&gt;
            &lt;string&gt;&lt;/string&gt;
            &lt;key&gt;PayloadDisplayName&lt;/key&gt;
            &lt;string&gt;Restrictions&lt;/string&gt;
            &lt;key&gt;PayloadEnabled&lt;/key&gt;
            &lt;true/&gt;
            &lt;key&gt;PayloadIdentifier&lt;/key&gt;
            &lt;string&gt;B315497E-0527-4FD1-926C-7071895B6992&lt;/string&gt;
            &lt;key&gt;PayloadOrganization&lt;/key&gt;
            &lt;string&gt;Company Name Here&lt;/string&gt;
            &lt;key&gt;PayloadType&lt;/key&gt;
            &lt;string&gt;com.apple.applicationaccess&lt;/string&gt;
            &lt;key&gt;PayloadUUID&lt;/key&gt;
            &lt;string&gt;B315497E-0527-4FD1-926C-7071895B6992&lt;/string&gt;
            &lt;key&gt;PayloadVersion&lt;/key&gt;
            &lt;integer&gt;1&lt;/integer&gt;
            &lt;key&gt;allowCloudDocumentSync&lt;/key&gt;
            &lt;false/&gt;
        &lt;/dict&gt;
    &lt;/array&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadDescription&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;string&gt;Prevents iCloud Drive and iCloud Document Sync from being enabled.&lt;/string&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadDisplayName&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;string&gt;Disable iCloud Drive&lt;/string&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadEnabled&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;true/&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadIdentifier&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;string&gt;8942D1B1-C883-4EA2-8E3E-A3DB5ABD60B2&lt;/string&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadOrganization&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;string&gt;Company Name Here&lt;/string&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadRemovalDisallowed&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;false/&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadScope&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;string&gt;System&lt;/string&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadType&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;string&gt;Configuration&lt;/string&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadUUID&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;string&gt;8942D1B1-C883-4EA2-8E3E-A3DB5ABD60B2&lt;/string&gt;
    &lt;key&gt;PayloadVersion&lt;/key&gt;
    &lt;integer&gt;1&lt;/integer&gt;
&lt;/dict&gt;
&lt;/plist&gt;


As mentioned in Apple's Configuration Profile Reference, it seems to be possible to also skip the iCloud storage setup window by including the property SkipiCloudStorageSetup with a value of true, but I haven't tested that.

Note that the same approach can be used to disable other iCloud services that might be unwanted due to security considerations, such as iCloud backup or iCloud keychain.