ios Mail app shows Welcome to Mail screen even though I have already set up and have been using my account
Thanks for the suggestions, tried both with no luck, then I actually went in and made sure every setting was set the way I expected them to be set.

Somehow, without my doing, the settings had been changed. I noticed this once before, my phone crashed and all of my custom ringtones/vibrations were unset for my contacts. Not lost, just unset.

In case someone reads this and is still wondering what settings you've missed, the particular settings that I had to fix were:

Notification Center > Mail > (Account) >
1. Alert Style [Alerts]
2. Show on Lock Screen [Yes]

I'm sure we all have those moments when the most obvious solution just can't be it and there's no point in checking because you're SURE there's NO WAY it could be it... oops :)