How do I join a Microsoft Active Directory Domain in OS X?
Well, I figured it out!
Our Active Directory is very large.  I'm actually only technically a container admin deep within a large tree of Colleges within the University so I believe that had something to do with it.

Instead of using the easy quick Join interface I had to open up Directory Utility and join this way.

When I pressed 'Bind' I typed in the direct OU path for my particular Container that my machine should be placed in and it let me bind.

I don't have this issue on Windows but Mac is needing it to be specifically assigned to that OU before my level of authority will allow me to add the Mac.

I hope this helps someone!