What attachment do you need to plug the Apple EarPods that came with the iPhone 8 Plus into a Samsung Galaxy Note 20 Ultra (USB Type-C)?
You will need a Lightning to USB Type-C adapter, such as

https://www.belkin.com/us/p/P-F2CU070/

This adapter claims to work for connecting EarPods to a MacBook. It doesn’t mention your Samsung phone, but this is the necessary physical conversion required.