Is there a keyboard shortcut for switching between different desktops of the same application?
How can I easily switch between these desktops using only my keyboard?

Here is a screen shot of System Preferences &gt; Keyboard &gt; Shortcuts &gt; Mission Control for two Desktops.
As you can see, by default, you can use control-left-arrow or control-right-arrow
You can also check the checkboxes for additional options, e.g.:

Switch to Desktop 1
Switch to Desktop 2

Then you can use, e.g., ⌘1 or ⌘ and the Desktop number for whichever you want to move to.

Terminal also assigns a keyboard shortcut for up to nine windows, e.g. ⌥⌘1 etc. up to ⌥⌘9