To stop a process in Matlab with Dvorak keyboard
Matlab's hardcoded CTRL-C combo

It is not CMD-C, it is CTRL-C VISUALLY. So press CTRL-C as written on your keyboard, not the C on Dvorak layout or any other layout. Matlab has hardcoded the interruption command to a key, not a letter.

Debugging

The way I do it is to create breakpoint with the looping vars

for ii=1...10000
     if isequal(ii,2000)  
         %Add here a breakpoint
     end
     ...
end


where the breakpoints make it possible to stop the execution. Also force-quiting Matlab is the other way. I know no other way to them.