What is covering my iPhone camera?
You could clean the lens of your iPhone internally and see what that black object is that blocks the clear view. I've done this when some dust or tiny particles slip into the iPhone...  

It's very easy and you won't do any harm with it,  if you follow the instructions carefully! 


Open up your iPhone according to the tutorial on iFixit
Use a slightly moistened ear-swab to clean up your iPhone lens
            
To reassemble your iPhone, just follow the steps on iFixit in reverse order.


If you find a piece has slipped, once correcting that, you can also clear out all dust from your lens and it can solve your issue.