iCloud control panel in Windows is missing Mail, Contacts, Calendars, and Tasks tab
Although I don't really know what the original problem was, I did find a workaround.

When trying to connect iCloud to Outlook I was using my PST file from my old machine, and the iCloud option to sync "Mail, Contacts, Calendar &amp; Tasks" was missing.

I then deleted MS Office and reinstalled.  Now, before copying over my old PST file I tried to connect iCloud with the new, empty, PST file.... and it was now successful.  I was able to "see" my iCloud Contacts and Calendar.  So, far, so good...
I then copied over the old PST file, made it the default pst file, and deleted the "new, empty" pst file. Went into Outlook and everything was there... my mail, iCloud calendar, and iCloud Contacts.  Success.

Now, why did this work???  The ONLY thing I could think of was that, somehow, iCloud knew my old pst file was already connected to iCloud so it didn't offer the option to connect to outlook.  As soon as I used a "new" pst file, iCloud showed me the option to connect to outlook.  Anyway, that's my theory.  Anybody have any other ideas about what might be happening?