Via ssh: Open remote pdf without saving locally
Take a look at SSHFS. This allows you to mount a filesystem over ssh. There's a good tutorial here.

Essentially, you will mount the filesystem from your office computer and it will appear as a mounted volume on your mac. Instead of file accesses reading/writing to a local disk, they read/write across the ssh connection to the disk on your office computer.

Since it's a mounted volume, all the local mac commands to open files work with native associated applications as you would expect. (e.g. in Terminal : open somefile.pdf)