Charging 7th generation iPad using MacBook Pro 61W USB-C Power adapter
I would like to know if I can charge this device too with the MacBook Pro power adapter, without damaging its battery.

Yes. It would be safe to use your MacBook Pro 61W power adapter to charge your iPad.
It is your device that actually determines the power it receives, not the charger.
However, the Apple Support document on Fast charging doesn't mention 7th generation iPad. So while it is possible to charge your iPad, you may not be able to fast charge it.

https://support.apple.com/kb/HT208137