Can't mount Macintosh HD volume - journal issue
You should be able to remove the journal on the disk with:

/System/Library/Filesystems/hfs.fs/hfs.util -N /dev/disk0s2


Once you can mount the volume again, you can try re-enabling journaling via Disk Utils or the command line:

/System/Library/Filesystems/hfs.fs/hfs.util -J /Volumes/VOLUME_NAME


Note that this second command differs in that you specify the volume name as you would see in Finder.

For more information, see man hfs.util.