Triple boot macOS High Sierra, Linux Mint, and Windows with rEFInd
I will formalize @luctp's answer seeing as the user is gone and I have (sort of) confirmed that the instructions work:

So here's how the error looks like, when trying to boot Windows from rEFInd:


The steps below will make the error 0xc00000bb effectively disappear and, for @luctp, seemed to be enough to fix the triple boot. However, in my case, more work had to be done as I explain at the end of the answer.

To get rid of the 0xc00000bb:


Download and install gdisk.
Disable SIP, otherwise you get error the following error when running gdisk: Problem opening /dev/disk0 for reading! Error is 1.
Create a new Protective MBR for your disk using gdisk, start by running on the terminal: sudo gdisk /dev/disk0
(Optional) Choose "p" to have a look at your current GPT partitions, and potentially create a backup of them. Also look here for better ways of backing up the partition table.
Choose option "x", then option "n" to request the creation of a fresh Protective MBR, then option "w" to write the requested changes to the disk, confirm with Y and exit the tool with "q".


After the steps above, Windows 10 should indeed start booting (whereas before it would simply get stuck in rEFInd).

In my case, however, the Windows 10 EFI boot splash would show on the screen for a few seconds and then suddenly reboot.

What ended up being the solution for having a working triple-boot in my Mac was following David's Alternative Second Answer, specifically the "The First Way". Now, I can boot to any of the three OSs. Not only that, but I can boot them from either rEFInd directly or through GRUB (for Ubuntu/Windows) after rEFInd or after pressing the Option key on boot.