Stuck at full bar, in logo screen after system restore from TM backup
I got a new compatible SSD, fresh installed Catalina, and everything worked fine...Then I proceeded to restore the system from a TM backup...The problem is that when the system boots...loads really slow in the last 1/3, and then after it seemingly fully loads, it gets stuck there.


This is key.  If after a clean install everything is great but you subsequently restore from Time Machine, you may have a corrupted backup from the failing drive.  

Instead of a restore, try doing a data migration Using Migration Assistant instead.  This will copy over your data and settings over but leave the OS untouched.  I prefer this method especially when upgrading to a new OS.