MacBook Pro 17 2009 - fails to turn on after optical drive upgrade
Based on this iFixit guide (see step 13), you seem to have disconnected the subwoofer/right speaker cable incorrectly, damaging the socket in the process (supported by this diagram on page 185 of the Apple Technician Guide of the logic board, labels working counterclockwise from the top right.)





Page 113 of the same guide details how to properly remove the cable: it appears that you somehow damaged the socket whilst removing the cable. 



I'm not sure why this would cause your Mac to fail to boot however: perhaps it's an incompatible Superdrive, though my belief was that they are compatible. Can you detail how far you get into the boot process and look for any additional damage that may have occurred?