Can't boot Windows 10 past loading animation under Bootcamp
Don't reinstall Windows just yet. Your boot files are fine, It wouldn't pass the first screen otherwise. The fact that you see the windows logo suggests the something (probably Docker, might be something else too) messed up your drivers.

Get into Windows safe mode and see if you can Uninstall Docker, if that doesn't work, check if you have a restore point to before the install.