I turned off iCloud... How do I get my files back
When you turn icloud off you were asked if you wanted to keep a local copy of your data. You said no, by canceling the sync. 

iCloud is a syncing service.  

When you turn it back on after it was off it needs to re-sync all your data again. That could take 24 hours if your computer and network aren't doing anything else.  If you're using the computer, it will put your iCloud download on a lower priority than the other work you're doing.

Make sure your computer remains awake, plugged in, and maintains a network connection. Avoid doing anything else for a faster re-sync. 

In the meantime, if you need a specific file/folder you can go to icloud.com and get it from there.