Apple Hardware Test doesn't run with original disk
There could be a whole range of reasons you're unable to get this to work (e.g. problems with your optical drive; a problem with your disks, etc), so it may be worth downloading AHT directly from Apple and running it from a USB. 


The version of Apple Hardware Test (AHT) that shipped with your MBP should be AHT 3A171. You can download it directly from Apple here.
Create a bootable USB flash drive by using Disk Utility's Erase function. Make sure you choose OS X Extended for the format and the GUID Partition Map for the scheme.
Now have a good read of the Run AHT from bootable USB stick section on this github page, as this provides the instructions for copying the AHT onto your USB drive and blessing it so it can boot your MBP.


NOTE: By following steps 1 and 2 above you have already done the first and third bullet points on the github page.

Let me know how you go.