iTunes Connect payment made on a closed account
If the charge was declined by your old bank, you'll get a message stating that there was a billing issue and it will ask you to update your billing info to correct the issue.

Theres more info and and an explanation on how to resolve the billing issue at 
this page.

If you didn't receive a message like that, I would suggest checking your current account to see if that charge appeared on it. If not I would recommend contacting Apple or your old bank.