Is Cellular Network Data Usage persisted to a new iPhone
Apple apparently has no official information about this and, given your stats, I now believe we simply can't know about it without an app.

If all you want is get to know your data usage the safest way is checking it with your carrier, because the iPhone data really isn't all that precise. Another option would be jailbreaking your phone and using some cydia app such as Data Counter, Download meter or even SBSettings, which would still use the iPhone data and still wouldn't be as precise as your carrier can be.

Now, if you're fast enough you can even get some app for free, on the Apple Store, though DataMan Lite might be enough for your needs.