Can't Connect to Samba Drive Using OS X Lion
Actually Apple has added a new implementation of SMB as it is now the default filing protocol for file sharing (actually SMB2)

http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13727_7-57588593-263/os-x-mavericks-switches-to-smb2-networking/

While I don't recognize the error you are getting, try replacing SMB in your connection string with CIFS. EG:

cifs://server/share

That forces Mavericks to go back to the original SMB protocol.

However the fact that this was not working under Lion may indicate an issue of some sort (corrupt file, malware, etc.) with your system. If you have a spare bootable drive you might want to install a fresh copy of Mavericks and boot from that to see if your issue goes away,