Finder Icon to Go to Enclosing Directory
You must have at some point removed this, as it's there by default.
You've also changed the toolbar to text view only, so it may have happened at that time.

Right click anywhere in that top bar &amp; select Customise Toolbar... [It's also in the Finder View Menu.]

Drag "Path" back into the toolbar.



Clicking on it reveals the entire hierarchy.

You can also Cmd/click on the folder name/icon, top centre of the Finder window.