How to search for a file by a hash value with bash script (terminal)?
You can use the find command:

find / -type f -exec md5 {} \; | grep 0d882ff2d5edd7d045c1b57320d2e046793868f8


However, since you're running this on all files, it may be extremely slow — try limiting the search directory by replacing / with the path to a specific directory you want to search.