google app on iphone - home screen - what is this icon?
The app itself refers to it as recent pages when first using this feature and when all pages are closed. Any searches you make or pages you open in the app are saved there for future reference. (I previously saw "Recent Pages" at the top of the screen, but I must've been mistaken.)

I would normally call these cards, but I'm uncertain of the exact definition under Google's Material Design specs.