Set Finder arranging order by kind via Terminal
To set a default view style use:

defaults write com.apple.Finder FXPreferredViewStyle icnv|Nlsv|clmv|Flwv


with:

icnv: Icon View
Nlsv: List View
clmv: Column View
Flwv: Cover Flow View  

To enable this immediately (which probably is not relevant for your shell script) you have to kill the Finder with killall Finder. Some folders might have a different view style set already (via .DS_Store files) while installation. You have to remove those invisible files to adapt your preferred style.

To deal with the group/arrange/sort settings you have to use PlistBuddy and defaults. The relevant key/sub-keys are FXPreferredGroupBy and StandardViewSettings and therein IconViewSettings, ExtendedListViewSettings and ListViewSettings.

Examples:

Arrange by application:

defaults write com.apple.Finder FXPreferredGroupBy Application


Possible values for defaults are none, date, name, kind, Date Added, Date Created, Application etc.

Arrange by kind:

/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :StandardViewSettings:IconViewSettings:arrangeBy kind" ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.finder.plist


Sort by date added:

/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :StandardViewSettings:ExtendedListViewSettings:sortColumn dateAdded" ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.finder.plist


Possible values for PlistBuddy are  none, date, name, kind, dateAdded, dateCreated etc.  

Some combinations of those settings (view style, arrange by, sort by) aren't possible or don't make much sense (depending on your OS).