Recovering files from an unbootable partition in OSX
I will post this as an answer although there are some uncertainties since some info is missing.

A 200mb Partition usually is the EFI partition (more detail what this is) which allows your Mac to boot into Windows.

Deleting this does not at a all delete your actual Mac/Windows partition. Therefore, I doubt you have actual done too much harm.
It is not clear if you have tried and failed, but you should be able to boot into macOS. After startup go into the finder and show all drives (finder hit cmd, select sidebar and tick everything that says disk).
You should then be able to see the remaining two partitions, Macintosh HD and some other name (e.g. Windows). Usually, you can simply open either and then do whatever you want, e.g. clone one disk, save the data,...