2012 Macbook Pro Bootcamp Driver For External Mic
There is no driver for a mic or headphone connected to a 3.5&quot; audio jack. The device driver is for the audio system that the jack is connected to, not the jack itself.  This applies to all computers and operating systems, not just Macs
As you can see from the device tree image you posted, the microphone is recognized as an input device and is technically working properly.  However...
You have the wrong TRRS adapter
There are two different TRRS adapters, one for Apple and another for Android (everything else). The difference is the ground and microphone connectors are reversed.  The microphone is  &quot;seen&quot; because the audio chip senses the resistance and continuity of the completed circuit but it won't work because it's backward.
You need to get a microphone/headphone adapter that is Apple compatible. You can also use a USB DAC with dedicated mic and headphone connectors for better sound and reliability.