Can I lock iCloud System Preference pane?
A simple solution for this problem is to have a separate user account on your Mac. You log into iCloud with your Apple ID in that user account which you'll also be using for setting up and accessing Find My iPhone/Find My Mac.

Note: You need not be logged into the user account for Find My Mac to track your Mac.

Once setup, you can simply enable only Find My Mac for that account (or enable/disable whatever iCloud features you want).