How to get iPhone device details when it is connected to a Windows machine?
You can find the details (OS version etc.) simply by going to Settings > General > About on your iPhone.

Your UDID can be mailed to you with this free app http://itunes.apple.com/app/ad-hoc-helper/id285691333?mt=8 if you don't want to connect to iTunes and have the information shown. 

AFAIK there is no easy way of finding the UDID through CMD on a Windows, but you can try and navigate to this path through it:


  HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\USB


This should show the UDID of the iPhone, if it has been connected through USB. Bare in mind there are many lines inside the folder, but the files referring to iDevices have 40 digits in it.