Bootcamp: 'No Bootable Device error' after resizing partition El Capitan
Sorry about my English. I mean I've made the Macintosh HD partition 10 GB smaller so I later could make in Windows the Bootcamp partition bigger. When I made the Macintosh partition smaller, Disk Utility made a new unnamed partition of that 10 GB. This means there were a total of 5 partitions. In Terminal the BOOTCAMP partition was situated on number 5 and the unnamed new empty partition on number 4. I think the problem is that the system only can boot the first 4 partitions. I've deleted the new empty partition again and set the Macintosh HD at its original size, so BOOTCAMP is now again on #4;

MBP-van-Daniel:~ daniel$ sudo diskutil list
Password:
/dev/disk0 (internal, physical):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *500.3 GB   disk0
   1:                        EFI EFI                     209.7 MB   disk0s1
   2:                  Apple_HFS Macintosh HD            418.4 GB   disk0s2
   3:                 Apple_Boot Recovery HD             650.0 MB   disk0s3
   4:       Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP                81.0 GB    disk0s4
/dev/disk1 (external, physical):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:     FDisk_partition_scheme                        *1.0 TB     disk1
   1:               Windows_NTFS My Passport             1.0 TB     disk1s1
/dev/disk2 (disk image):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:     Apple_partition_scheme                        +10.5 MB    disk2
   1:        Apple_partition_map                         32.3 KB    disk2s1
   2:                  Apple_HFS Remote Desktop Conne... 10.3 MB    disk2s2


In my first post I had deleted the 10 GB empty partition already. I've installed Refind and after using the reinit and write command I'm now able to choose every time I start up my macbook, several options to boot like Macintosh, Windows and other devices. Now I can boot again into Windows. The only problem is that if I make Macintosh HD partition smaller, a new partition is created that comes at #4 so that BOOTCAMP moves to #5.

Answering klanomath's question brings this;

MBP-van-Daniel:~ daniel$ sudo fdisk /dev/disk0
Password:
Disk: /dev/disk0    geometry: 60821/255/63 [977105060 sectors]
Signature: 0xAA55
         Starting       Ending
 #: id  cyl  hd sec -  cyl  hd sec [     start -       size]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1: EE 1023 254  63 - 1023 254  63 [         1 -     409639] &lt;Unknown ID&gt;
 2: AF 1023 254  63 - 1023 254  63 [    409640 -  817223864] HFS+        
 3: AB 1023 254  63 - 1023 254  63 [ 817633504 -    1269536] Darwin Boot 
*4: 0C 1023 254  63 - 1023 254  63 [ 818903040 -  158201856] Win95 FAT32L


and;

MBP-van-Daniel:~ daniel$ sudo gpt -r show /dev/disk0
Password:
gpt show: /dev/disk0: Suspicious MBR at sector 0
      start       size  index  contents
          0          1         MBR
          1          1         Pri GPT header
          2         32         Pri GPT table
         34          6         
         40     409600      1  GPT part - C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
     409640  817223864      2  GPT part - 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
  817633504    1269536      3  GPT part - 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
  818903040  158201856      4  GPT part - EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
  977104896        131         
  977105027         32         Sec GPT table
  977105059          1         Sec GPT header