sync calendar and contacts without iCloud in Mavericks
I wrote a small open source app for iOS and OS X to do basic calendar synchronization over USB on Mavericks. The iOS app has been submitted to the AppStore and is currently waiting for review.



Update:

I had to rename the app to get accepted, but it is in the iOS AppStore now:

https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/devicesync-for-ios/id737867459?mt=8

Please read the AppStore app description before using it!

You have to get the corresponding OS X app from here
(Hold ctrl key while double click to open and to get past the "unregistered developer" error).

See DeviceSync-for-OS-X and DeviceSync-for-iOS at github.

This app is open source and hence a collaborative effort. If you are a developer or know some iOS developers, feel free to add missing functionality (send a pull request at github).