How to find files by the filename length in OS X 10.9.1?
You can use the find command with the -regex (regular expression) option. This is probably less efficient than globbing, because -regex matches against the entire path.

find -E . \( -type f -or -type d \) -and -regex '.*/[^/]{11,}'


Precisely, this command does the following:


recursively searches for files in the current folder and in the subdirectories (you can limit the depth with an additional -maxdepth n clause);
uses the extended syntax (-E) for regexes.
searches for files and folders (-type f -or -type d)
regex match: the string which follows the last slash in the file path must be 11 characters or longer.