Is it possible to enable OSX keyboard text substitution in more apps?
The application needs to implement Auto Text Expansion and it hasn't been implemented in Chrome yet. You could try this Chrome plugin Auto Text Expander. You'll have to again add the text-expansions though.

Mac's Text expansion should work in Safari though. If not already enabled, you can enable by typing the following in terminal.

defaults write -g WebAutomaticTextReplacementEnabled -bool true