Can't update/ download apps without a card
Debit cards are no longer accepted in the iTunes Store, it seems.

The available payment methods vary by country. You can typically use these methods:


Credit cards
Content codes
Store credit, including iTunes Store Gift Cards, Gift Certificates, and Allowances
ClickandBuy
PayEase
PayPal
UnionPay (requires SMS PIN for setup)


So if you can use PayPal as payment type in the iTunes store. Open a PayPal account, hook up your debit card. And you up and running again.

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Source: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202631