MacBook pro boot Kernel panic no kext summary
I'd advise you to boot your Mac from the system DVD and check the internal disk.
The coincidence of kext scan failing and the recovery HD unreachable
let me diagnose a major disk (and not just filesystem) trouble.
The CPU overheating might be a consequence of a fool's fsck.

If you don't have a system DVD to boot your Mac (which is the case
since Lion), I advise you to ask a colleague who have the exact same
MacOS X version to build you one.