Can an 'incorrect password lockout' be set?
It turns out that you can use a Terminal command to achieve this. Note that parts of this command are deprecated, but I tested it on macOS 10.13.3 and everything seems to work.


On the device that has the account you want to set a lock on, log
into the administrator account.
Open Terminal and enter the following command; pwpolicy -u testuser -setpolicy "maxFailedLoginAttempts=1". Assume that testuser is the short name of the user you want to apply the lockout settings to, and 1 is the number of failed attempts required to trigger the account lock.
Restart the device to ensure that the changes take affect.


If an account is locked, you can log into the administrator account again and unlock the standard account using the following command; pwpolicy -u testuser -enableuser.

Update:
I was able to test this with remote connections, and your device will not allow remote authentication with a locked account.