No backlight on Macbook Pro 2015 and backlight fuse is burned out
How would one check the display pins for a short-circuit? 


You don't know that this is the issue.  What you do know is that you have no backlight.


  I heard Apple recommends...as the display be shorting out the logic board 


That's hearsay and not necessarily your diagnosis.  Research is fine, but you need actual troubleshooting for a positive diagnosis.  You wouldn't be pleased if your doctor gave you a terminal disease diagnosis if he/she didn't do anything but tell you "they heard from the AMA that...."

Just to give you a broad overview of what your looking for, there's no one diagnosis for a failed backlight.  It could be 


the backlight itself failed
a blown fuse
shorted pins


Each has their own diagnostic procedure like 


simple observation (burnt/corroded/damaged components)
checking for open circuits (continuity testing)
short to ground
measuring resistance (Ohms)


To get an idea of this actual repair, take a look at this YouTube video.  In the end, if this seems outside your wheelhouse, he's a good person to send your board to (not affiliated, just a happy customer).