Can you sync an iPhone to the new MacBooks wirelessly?
Are you talking about the MacBook that has exactly one port that handles everything, including power? That actually is a USB port, it just uses a USB type-C connector, which is not what your iPhone cord has.

You will need to buy the USB to USB-C adapter. Virtually 100% of USB devices sold today use the connector before type-C, the one that has been standard for nearly two decades (like the one on your iPhone cord), and so buying the adapter will likely become necessary at some point regardless of your iPhone's need for it.

Once you plug the iPhone into the MacBook for the first time, you can modify the settings so you can sync wirelessly with iTunes in the future - see Tetsujin's answer for instructions.