Expand OS X partition
The recommended method to expand Macintosh HD is to backup and remove your Windows partition with WinClone, expanding your OS X volume and restoring the Windows partition. This can also be done with dd and fdisk. Both methods require an external drive.



A very non-conventional method exists to expand Macintosh HD by using the internal Logical Volume Manager (CoreStorage).

Your main volume is already part of a CS Logical Volume Group – probably because it's encrypted. This can be seen by checking the partition type of disk0s2: 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC.

After adding a partition in the unallocated disk space, formatting it as JFHS+ volume and adding it as physical volume, you may expand the logical volume Macintosh HD into the free space of the now enlarged logical volume group.

The method outlined below was tested in a VM and it works. Since I can't install Windows with the Boot Camp Assistant in a VM I can't assure that Windows is bootable afterwards. If Windows booting fails you can use fdisk to modify the pMBR to make it bootable again.

Preparation:  


Backup your data.
Detach any external drive (especially your external Time Machine backup drive).
Restart to Internet Recovery Mode by pressing alt cmd R at startup.
The prerequisites are the latest firmware update installed, either ethernet or WLAN (WPA/WPA2) and a router with DHCP activated.
On a 50 Mbps-line it takes about 4 min (presenting a small animated globe) to boot to a recovery netboot image which usually is loaded from an apple/akamai server.

I recommend ethernet because it's more reliable. If you are restricted to WIFI and the boot process fails, just restart your Mac until you succeed booting.

Alternatively you may start from a bootable installer thumb drive (Mavericks or Yosemite) or a thumb drive containing a full system (Mavericks or Yosemite). If you boot to a full system you have to prepend sudo using some commands (e.g. gpt or newfs_hfs)


Verify and repair the disk and the volumes with Disk Utility

Modify CoreStorage stack:


Open in the menubar Utilities/Terminal

First you should get an overview of your disks and the partition layout:
Enter diskutil list, diskutil cs list and gpt -r show /dev/disk0
Unmount the disk containing the logical volume Macintosh HD and you main disk. Below I assume the logical volume (residing in disk0s2) has the disk identifier disk2 – check your diskutil listing for the proper identifier and use that one below.

diskutil umountDisk disk2
diskutil umountDisk disk0

Add a partition in the unallocated disk space:

gpt add -b 325078016 -i 5 -s 165156696 -t 48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC disk0

Format the new partition:

newfs_hfs -v "Expansion" -J /dev/rdisk0s5

Add the partition to the logical volume group. The lvgUUID (the UUID of the Logcal Volume Group) can be found in the diskutil cs listing:

diskutil cs addDisk lvgUUID /dev/disk0s5

Expand the logical volume. The lvUUID (the UUID of the Logcal Volume) can be found in the diskutil cs listing:

diskutil cs resizeVolume lvUUID 0g


0g is a magical number here and it will expand the LV to the max size.
Verify and repair the disk and the volumes with Disk Utility

The partition map finally looks like this:

start       size  index  contents
          0          1         PMBR
          1          1         Pri GPT header
          2         32         Pri GPT table
         34          6
         40     409600      1  GPT part - C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B
     409640   96408680      2  GPT part - 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
   96818320    1269536      3  GPT part - 426F6F74-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC
   98087856       1104
   98088960  226988032      4  GPT part - EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
  325076992       1024  
  325078016  165156696      5  GPT part - 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECA
  490234712          7
  490234719         32         Sec GPT table
  490234751          1         Sec GPT header


Your Macintosh HD will now span disk0s2 and disk0s5 (similar to a Fusion disk but with one disk only).