What would I lose if I needed to reinstall from a Time Machine backup?
Things which they were not restored and they were crucial, was:


MySQL Databases
VMWare Fusion virtual machines


The default backup exclusion list, can be found in:

/System/Library/CoreServices/backupd.bundle/Contents/Resources/StdExclusions.plist


Do not forget to check your excluding folders on the prefs as well ;)