All data lost? External Hard drives encrypted with filevault and 'espionage'. Macbook pro internal hard drive damaged
Chances are fairly good that your data is still intact on your old internal drive. It depends on exactly what part failed.

Send your old drive to a data recovery company. Drivesavers is one, there are others. They will do things like replace the controller card, or remove the platters and put them in a working drive.

Expect a bill somewhere between US$1000 and $2000.

For comparison purposes, an external backup drive costs about $150, and restoring a Time Machine backup takes an hour.