Terminal (bash) - copy files from Windows (SMB) shares without mounting
You cannot do that without first mounting the share.
For mounting it from the command-line, whether through Terminal or from an SSH session, there are several methods with different advantages and disadvantages.
A few variables, to make it easier to copy/paste the rest :
user=my_username; pass=my_password; server=my_server; share=my_share

Method 1
Create a temporary folder, mount into that, then unmount and remove the temporary folder.
This is the only method that also works without a user being logged in, like through a SSH session opened right after boot. But if a user is actually logged in there is still an icon on the desktop to access the share through the Finder.
dir=$(mktemp -d)
mount -t smbfs //$user:$pass@$server/$share $dir

# ls -l $dir
# ...

umount $dir &amp;&amp; rmdir $dir

Method 2
This one only works if a user is logged in. But it has the advantage to mount into the standard /Volumes/$share folder.
open &quot;smb://$user:$pass@$server/$share&quot;

# ls -l /Volumes/$share
# ...

diskutil unmount /Volumes/$share

This method opens a Finder Window in the GUI, showing the mounted share.
Method 3
Like method 2, this only works if a user is logged in, and also mounts into the standard /Volumes/$share folder.
However, unlike method 2, it does not open a Finder window to the mounted share. (But it does also create the icon on the Desktop).
It needs cumbersome quoting if using variables, because one cannot use single quotes.
osascript -e &quot;mount volume \&quot;smb://$user:$pass@$server/$share\&quot;&quot;

# ls -l  /Volumes/$share
# ...

diskutil unmount /Volumes/$share