Connect MacBook Pro 13 late 2012 SSD to SATA?
It appears to be possible.
According to this iFixit tear down, the A1425 SSD 


  It's a Samsung MZ-DPC2560/0A2 unit, rated at 3.3 volts and 2.39 amps. The serial number reads S0X5NYAC703706.




Which appears to have an mSATA connector.
There are lots of mSATA to whatever-you-may-need adapters on the market.

mSATA to micro SATA (1) (2)

mSATA USB enclosure

I haven't tried any of this myself, just did a search for it.



This question 28 pin SSD adapter or enclosure needed for Late 2014 MBP points to certain incompatibilities to be aware of before buying.