Macbook Pro doesn't recognize USB devices through hub
This was solved by not using the hub and cables with the Mac. See the comments on the question.
Helpful commenter AndyP says:

I've the same problem with my Early 2015 MBP. My life has been limited to two usb devices at a time for about a year. This is the most comprehensive resource on the issue I've found: https://wls.wwco.com/blog/2016/03/20/usb-3-0-hub-stops-working-on-el-capitan/