AirPods not showing the sub BlueTooth menu
If you haven't already, perform a full restart (Settings - General - Shut Down - Power Off slider). Turn on, then goto  Settings - Bluetooth menu.

With my AirPods in the charging case with lid closed, it says disconnected. I open the case, and tap the Airpods to get them to connect. Mine says Connected (for you "Connecté" or similar).

I then see the Airpods information pop-up box with charging levels. I can click the information (i) button next to the AirPods to get to the sub-menu.

After performing these steps, do you see the sub-menu? If not, you may want to make an appointment at the Apple Store.

This link may be helpful as well:
https://www.imore.com/how-to-troubleshoot-reset-airpods

Hope this helps.