If I replace my MacBook Pro hard drive can I reinstall OS X using Internet Recovery?
I just did this yesterday (I have a slightly older MBP) and wasn't able to boot into Internet Recovery mode without mounting the old drive using a USB sled.

According to Apple your Mac should support Internet Recovery with a firmware update:

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202313

If for some reason you can't access Internet Recovery the alternative is you can mount the new drive externally and use Internet Recovery to install OSX on the new drive before swapping them but the install process will be a bit slower since the drive is external.

Hopefully you're planning on installing an SSD, I installed one and it made a huge improvement on the speed of my Late 2009 MBP.