What kind of 3.5mm extension cables are compatible with Apple EarPods?
You want a four pole 3.5 mm TRRS jack for full compatibility. You’ll lose mic and likely control with the three pole extension but sound should still play. 

The spacing is the same (three insulator rings spaced every 1/8 inch apart). Disrgard that signaling using the four conductors isn’t a global standard since his extension just passes the signal between devices.  



See some great technical discussions and a comparison of TRS vs TRRS to match your excellent photos of the extensions. 


Can I use non-apple headphones with an iPhone?