Is my password vulnerable to recovery using my Apple ID?
Here is what is going on with missing reset password with Apple ID.


  FileVault 2-enabled Macs will not show a "Allow user to reset password
  using Apple ID"


How to in FileVault is described here.

Since you are NOT using the Apple ID password recovery feature (it is not enabled) your FileVault password is NOT vulnerable to it. It can not be used on your system to recover your password.