Sync music to a borrowed iPhone without disturbing other content
You can't just sync an iPhone to any random computer - even if you are "dad".
Apple's security will just not let you do that.

You would need to release the phone from Find My iPhone, re-set it as your phone, set up as a new device, then you could sync your own iTunes to it.
This would, of course, delete any existing data on it &amp; reassign it as your own device.
You would have to revert that afterwards, using a previously saved backup of your daughter's phone as it was before you 'borrowed it'.

Simpler might be to set up her iTunes on her computer to hold your playlist.
That at least wouldn't require the double transfer of ownership.