Templates folder on mac equivalent to in Ubuntu
macOS does not have that exact functionality however you can create a folder with various source documents of the type and kind you need. 

If you Get Info on any document in macOS there should be a checkbox under the "General" (first) heading that is called Stationary Pad. Checking that will tell macOS to open a copy of that document, by default (usually) named "____ copy" in that type of document's default application. 

So a .docx file will open in MS Word. So not the same as Ubuntu but does that give you similar functionality?