macOS: List apps authorized for full disk access
The sqlite queries mentioned DO work, e.g.:

sudo sqlite3 /Library/Application\ Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db 'select * from access'


The trick, however, is that you need full-disk access to access that SQLite database, so depending on where you're trying to do this, it's a chicken-and-egg problem. For just testing purposes, you can give your terminal full-disk access, then you'll be able to run the command.