MacBook Pro 13” mid-2012 iSight cable port broken
I know of no Mac that has a temperature sensor as part of the cable assembly nor a temperature sensor as part of the FaceTime camera.
However, I can tell you from direct first hand experience, there won’t t be any temperature related issues from a damaged FaceTime cable or camera.  If had the ripped off in the same manner to yours, cut and even purposely removed.  None caused any issues.