Reinstalling MacOSX on MacBook from scratch (deleted Macintosh HD volume)
Use a different OS like Linux, and see if it detects the drive. Or alternatively you can install OS X on an external drive from Internet Recovery (if its large enough) and then try working with the drive. Usually reading a drive as an external drive has less problems when partitioned on Mac, as I learned when installing Ubuntu and Windows on my MBP. Work with the drive from there and find a way to reformat it as either exFAT or macOS journaled (extended).