How to resize (grow) APFS partition that is at the end of the drive?
The command you are using adds any significant amount of free space immediately after the APFS container partition. By adding the values posted in your Update 2, you can see the APFS partition container is already at the end of the drive. There is no significant amount of free space to add.

  158,130,806,784 B
 + 81,926,582,272 B
 ------------------
  240,057,389,056 B = 240.1 GB


Below, I computed that there is 81.7 GB of free space somewhere above the APFS container partition. The macOS operation system offers no command or application that would add any of this free space to the APFS container partition.

  240.1 GB
    -.2 GB     
    -.1 GB  
 -158.1 GB
 ---------
   81.7 GB


The easiest solution would be to backup you files, erase the drive, reinstall macOS and reload your files.

Another more complex solution would be to create a new APFS container partition above the existing APFS container partition. You could then either:


Install macOS in the new APFS container partition, then use the Migration Assistant to copy all your files and applications. I have used this solution before.


OR


Attempt to clone the old APFS container partition to the new APFS container partition. I have never tried this solution. Maybe some else could comment or post an answer.


Afterwards, you could erase the old APFS container partition to create free space immediately after the new APFS container partition. You could then use the diskutil apfs resizeContainer command to add this new free space to the new APFS container partition

Creating new APFS container partition would involve several steps. Some of these steps would have to be preformed while booted to macOS Recovery. You should backup your files before attempting these steps. However, once you have a backup, you might as well just erase the entire drive and reinstall macOS. If want me to include the steps to create a new APFS container partition, then post a comment.