MacBook Pro crashed when inserting a USB cable connected to an Arduino Nano clone
Check the panic log in console. Every kernel panic is logged and you should be able to find it via search box.  I bet the serial driver is causing the panic. Maybe this tweet is of any help.

I use a serial usb adapter as well for my Beaglebone Black. I did not install a serial driver on OS X but instead am running a debian vm for communication with the beaglebone black. Debian/Ubuntu or whatever linux distribution are shipping with serial usb driver, so there is no need to install extra software.