What Mac apps are capable of managing SQL Server databases?
Navicat offers a few products that can connect and manager a MSSQL Server. Their apps are available on the Mac App Store as well. 

I have used their MySQL edition, as well as their lowest-cost option, Essentials (I think they used to have a free version). 

While I haven't used it for all of the items you have below, it was great for some simple table management tasks.