Create macOS script to run a Terminal Command
You can use the do shell script command, however, I've changed the double-quotes to single-quotes in the open command, so as not to have to escape them with a backslash character.
Example AppleScript code:
do shell script &quot;open -a 'Google Chrome' --args --profile-directory='Guest Profile'&quot;

You can save this as an AppleScript application.
Note that if Google Chrome might already be running and you want to be switching to e.g. Guest Profile, then change the -a option of the open command to: -na


On my system it opens Google Chrome with the following dialog box: