If jailbreak is for iPhone then what is it for MacBook?
There is no need to. Administrator account is available. That is basically what you want with "jailbreak" on iOS.

EDIT: NoahL has a point about disabling SIP, forgot about that one. More info here http://www.howtogeek.com/230424/how-to-disable-system-integrity-protection-on-a-mac-and-why-you-shouldnt/