Folders created through "Save As..." dialog not immediately visible in Finder
I have that as well on my MBA with Mavericks, occasionally, even with things like screenshot that I have just taken not showing in finder. And the files can not be found with spotlight, nor are they hidden kind.

Have not found what causes it (still looking, since it is not reproducible event), but I use the keyboard shortcut to reset the finder after which it works again.

alt+cmd+esc then click on Finder Relaunch.

I know it is not a fix, but bit faster way then using terminal.