Chrome's location setting constantly disabled
Not a solution, but perhaps a path to one....
Many people (including me) have this problem.
In another forum, a user (Sizmo_68) inspired me to wonder:
What if the abhorrent security preferences in macOS are remembering the version number (or similar) of each app that has location (or other preferences) enabled?  Then, when the app gets updated...poof, new version, and ... it no longer matches what's in the security database, so: no longer enabled.
If that's the case, we're out of luck until Apple admits the problem and fixes it.
As one other user pointed out, it's clearly a macOS problem (not a Chrome problem), because by implementation apps can't change the security preferences :)