Disable ambient noise reduction in macOS Catalina
My understanding is that the "Ambient Noise Reduction" feature only works with the internal microphone. Thus when you plug-in a Røde USB microphone, ambient noise reduction is not applied to that input. Therefore I suggest looking at other possible causes of bad audio quality or latency.

The lack of the checkbox for the internal microphone on Catalina is, as I understand it, a bug. Hopefully Apple will restore it in a point update.

Unfortunately there doesn't seem to be a Terminal command that enables/disables ambient noise reduction. You might however want to check if the plists in the /Library/Preferences/Audio/ folder contains a setting related to ambient noise reduction on your system.

However Apple's documentation seem to indicate that you can disable ambient noise reduction by setting up a 4-channel built-in microphone format with the Audio MIDI Setup program.