Set the default order and width of colums in the list view for all the folders in Finder
If you don't want to use third-party Finder tweaking applications, the Finder has a display settings panel for windows that you get with Cmd-J. The settings you make in the panel are for the currently active  folder window, but there is a Use as Defaults button which does just that for new folder windows. This includes the column order and column width in the active window. 

However, this doesn't override the display settings of folders that have been opened before. So in order to make your new display setting the default for all folders, you need to delete all folder display settings, then relaunch the Finder. Resetting is done by deleting the invisible .DS_Store files within each folder, in which the Finder stores the display settings. To do that, you can copy&amp;paste the following Unix command into the Terminal application. The command execution requires you to put in an admin password and will take two minutes or so: 

sudo find / -name ".DS_Store"  -exec rm {} \;


When it has finished, relaunch the Finder: Press Cmd-Alt-esc to open the 'Force Quit' window where you select 'Finder' and click 'Relaunch'. You will notice that icons on the Desktop are realigned to a standard grid. Now open a Finder window and create the new default display setting.

(This has been tested on OS X 10.7.5 Lion)