"Still waiting for root device" on a macbook pro mid 2009 with osx 10.11.6
If you want to reinstall you can use dmg2iso to convert dmg on Linux - see this Ask Ubuntu question.

Your partition table looks almost OK.  The only thing is that it doesn't have 128MB free space between partitions.  See Booting from GPT by the author of rEFInd.


  The biggest caveat seems to be following Apple's recommendations for partition sizing and placement. The need for 128 MiB of unpartitioned space after each OS X partition is particularly important; without that space, the OS X installer will refuse to install or upgrade on the partition.


It might let you install to your existing partition but if not you can keep your Linux system by manually resizing partition tables using gdisk ensuring you keep the 128MiB unallocated space as described in the gdisk walkthrough.

For example to shrink partition 2 using gdisk (you will likely lose data in partition 2 as partition will be smaller than current filesystem) 


delete it (d2) 
create a new one stopping 129MiB before your Linux partition  (n)


Command (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2): 2
First sector (34-490234718, default = 409640) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 409640
Last sector (409640-410011647, default = 410011647) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: -129M 
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): AF00
Changed type of partition to 'Apple HFS/HFS+'




Sort partitions (s)
Recreate hybrid member - go to Recovery menu (r) and make hybrid MBR (h)


Recovery/transformation command (? for help): h

WARNING! Hybrid MBRs are flaky and dangerous! If you decide not to use one,
just hit the Enter key at the below prompt and your MBR partition table will
be untouched.

Type from one to three GPT partition numbers, separated by spaces, to be
added to the hybrid MBR, in sequence: 2 3 4
Place EFI GPT (0xEE) partition first in MBR (good for GRUB)? (Y/N): Y

Creating entry for GPT partition #2 (MBR partition #2)
Enter an MBR hex code (default AF): AF
Set the bootable flag? (Y/N): Y

Creating entry for GPT partition #3 (MBR partition #3)
Enter an MBR hex code (default 83): 83
Set the bootable flag? (Y/N): N

Creating entry for GPT partition #4 (MBR partition #4)
Enter an MBR hex code (default AF): AF
Set the bootable flag? (Y/N): N




Write changes and exit w


A similar procedure would be required for recovery partition (or you could just delete it).

Alternatively you can delete all partitions, install macOS then make space for Linux using Disk Utility from within macOS.