Is it possible to view the CPU/GPU temperatures **from the command line**?
It looks like a suitable solution might be in one of the less-voted answers on the question you linked:


  This open source command line utility worked for me:
  https://github.com/lavoiesl/osx-cpu-temp.
  
  M. Lavoie is using code Apple released a while back: Apple System
  Management Control (SMC) Tool Copyright (C) 2006 but it works fine on
  my 2011 Mini.


If smcFanControl is functional for you, but you dislike the display format, then perhaps this little C program is a better fit for your use case.