Macbook pro looses the connection to USB adapter after sleeping
In order to make the adapter work again, I have to unplug and replug the charger to the adapter 2.


Basically, you have to reset the adapter.  The problem sounds like the USB controller on the adapter doesn’t handle sleep well (or at least waking from sleep).  This isn’t something that you can fix in macOS (or even should) as it’s an issue with the USB adapter itself - not a software configuration thing.

However, looking at your configuration, I would recommend you getting a dock instead of having multiple adapters (see this answer to a similar situation).  The dock will give you a much more stable connection and being Thunderbolt, it will be connected to the PCIe bus rather than the USB bus.