Copy URL from Google in Safari
If you don't already have the Develop menu enabled, enable it from Safari Preferences &rarr; Advanced.
Press shift-cmd-C and click on the link to the site.
Copy the href attribute of the link element.


Examining the href works for all types of links. As you already established, you can copy the link from the location for links to pages, but not for downloads. However, you can still copy the link for downloads: from the Downloads list (click the Downloads button in the Safari toolbar), you can right-click on a download and choose Copy Address.