Weird sudo behavior on MacBook Pro
This special behavior is probably related to the sudoers file.

By modifying this file in /private/etc/ one can restrict the sudoers to particular networks or single IP-addresses:

The common user privileges specs are as following:

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
%admin  ALL=(ALL) ALL
        |    |    |command
        |    |as user
        | hosts


This means: the users of the group admin can sudo any command as any user ("Runas") from all networks.

By specifying a restricted host/network in the host alias specification earlier in the same file this may be changed:

# Host alias specification

Host_Alias      COMPNET = 172.17.0.0/255.255.0.0


Modifying the user privilege specifications to:

root    ALL=(ALL) ALL
%admin  COMPNET=(ALL) ALL


doesn't allow you to execute sudo in your home network if the IP-address is not in the above range (e.g. your home network provides DHCP leases in the 192.168.0.0/24 range and none of the other interfaces have an IP in the above 172.17.0.0/255.255.0.0 network). Back in the company network (e.g. with a DHCP range 172.17.5.0/24) sudoing works again.