" No such file or directory" when copying from local harddisk to icloud drive
The root cause of the issue is the lack of the disk space.

During my copy operation, my local HD has run out of spare space:

 df -h
Filesystem      Size   Used  Avail Capacity  iused      ifree %iused  Mounted on
/dev/disk1     233Gi  233Gi    0Bi   100%  5751980 4289215299    0%   /
devfs          191Ki  191Ki    0Bi   100%      661          0  100%   /dev
map -hosts       0Bi    0Bi    0Bi   100%        0          0  100%   /net
map auto_home    0Bi    0Bi    0Bi   100%        0          0  100%   /home
/dev/disk2s2   466Gi  420Gi   46Gi    91% 10491127 4284476152    0%   /Volumes/Time Machine


After I removed some apps from /Application and rerun the cp command, it works as expected.