How to synchronize new Notes from iPad to Mac
According to Apple:


  You can sync with the Notes app using IMAP or iCloud. Syncing Notes using iTunes is no longer supported on OS X v10.8 and later.


There may be a possibility that it could still work, as it is specifically mentioned later in the article:


  If you want to sync notes with iTunes instead of using the over-the-air feature, disable Notes sync for the account using Settings > Mail, Contacts, Calendars or Settings > iCloud.


Though when I disabled Notes on the iPad, then synced to iTunes, the info pane never showed Notes as an option. I would perform the following steps to give it a fair shot:


On the iPad -> Settings -> iCloud - disable notes
On the iPad -> Settings -> Mail, Contacts, Calendars - make sure no other service is using Notes
On the Mac -> Notes -> Accounts - make sure Notes is turned off in all accounts. 


According to the documentation, this should force iTunes to recognize that no sync options are available and provide some option to sync Notes, but it didn't "just work" for me.