Filter or Find Finder Items Using Variable
Turns out I needed to do a spotlight search instead of Filter/Find Finder Items in order to use a string to find the folder by its name alone (Without path).
I also did not need to store the filename as a variable in order for me to accomplish this final workflow but spotlight can use a variable that is a string to search I found out.
Here is my final workflow. 
EXPLANATION:
(Get Specified Finder Items and Get Folder Contents were in place for testing within Automator)

A file being added to a folder called &quot;WCCalcs&quot; triggers the workflow.

Steps 1-2 (Filter Finder Items and Set Value or Variable):
Singles out our new file which is a pdf and saves it in a variable called 'MovingFile'.
It will always look like &quot;#####_WCCalcs_YYYY&quot;

with &quot;#####&quot; being a 5-digit number
and &quot;YYYY&quot; being the current year


Steps 3-4 (Get PDF Metadata and Run AppleScript):
Takes the first 5 characters of the file name and adds it to a string and this creates the folder name we need becoming &quot;#####_Workers Compensation&quot; (See AppleScript.)

Steps 5-8 (Spotlight,Get Folder Contents, Filter Finder Items, Set Value of Variable):
Uses the newly created folder name to do a spotlight search as well as  filters down to a destination folder which we stored in a variable called 'Destination.

Steps 9-10 (Get Value of Variable and Move Finder Items):
Calls MovingFile variable and moves it to the Destination folder


Thanks for your help @red_menace it caused me to think outside of what I was trying to do.