How can I type the “<” symbol via remote desktop with a Nordic keyboard?
Try going to System Preferences:Language &amp; Text:Input Sources. Enable and display the keyboard viewer to get a better view of the next steps.

The first step to try is to turn on the U.S. keyboard.  This should cause shift+comma and shift+period to yield the desired characters, &lt; and >, in place of ; and :.  You can switch between keyboard layouts either using the flag menu that will appear on the right of your menu bar, or by setting keyboard shortcuts.

If switching to the U.S. keyboard layout doesn't work, enable Unicode Hex Input to allow the entry of any Unicode characters by holding down option and typing the hex code point. &lt;alt/option&gt;003c yields &lt; (LESS-THAN SIGN) and &lt;alt/option&gt;003e yields > (GREATER-THAN SIGN).  See http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf for a table of common ASCII based Unicode characters. LESS-THAN SIGN and GREATER-THAN SIGN are the official Unicode names for the angle brackets.

For what it's worth, when I turn on, for example, a Swedish keyboard on my U.S. system, the key to the left of the number 1 offers &lt; and >, as opposed to what I see in your picture.  Showing the keyboard viewer should help clarify what to expect.

From the other question you reference there is also the suggestion by @Tom Gewecke: 


  Perhaps you could set up another keystroke to produce @ via system
  preferences/language &amp; text/text/symbol and text substitution.