Distributing Beta App to Remote Users
You could use TestFlight for external beta testers. This will allow you to test with up to 2,500 external testers. You do not need to know their UDIDs, only their email addresses.

However, I assume you think your app won't be able to pass even the less restrictive beta app review.

In that case, you could distribute your app in a "half-baked" form. Instead of giving out the Xcode-project including sources, which you state you do not want, you could distribute your app as compiled, but not yet signed, binaries.

In order to make it easy for your customers, you would have to build or get built a simple tool that the user can run that codesigns the binaries with the user's AppleID. They wouldn't need to be registered Apple Developers.

The tool would need to alter the bundle name in Info.plist and use the "codesign" tool to sign the app:

To make the bundle name unique, just add any random identifiers to the bundle name in the plist file.

The codesign tool can be used with a command like this:

codesign --force --sign "my identity"  &lt;path for .app file&gt;


where "my identity" is the identity (apple-id) of the end-user.