Does macOS have a command to retrieve detailed CPU information like /proc/cpuinfo on Linux?
The Terminal command sysctl might be what you're looking for, in particular sysctl -a | grep machdep.cpu:

[my_mac:~] admin% sysctl -a | grep machdep.cpu
machdep.cpu.max_basic: 22
machdep.cpu.max_ext: 2147483656
machdep.cpu.vendor: GenuineIntel
machdep.cpu.brand_string: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8210Y CPU @ 1.60GHz
machdep.cpu.family: 6
machdep.cpu.model: 142
machdep.cpu.extmodel: 8
machdep.cpu.extfamily: 0
.
.
.

machdep.cpu.core_count: 2
machdep.cpu.thread_count: 4
machdep.cpu.tsc_ccc.numerator: 134
machdep.cpu.tsc_ccc.denominator: 2


Info gleaned from OSXDaily.