Java - version 1.7.45 - and Mavericks
The issue is that Oracle is being confusing abut the JRE.

The OSX JRE, which is what you downloaded, does not update /usr/bin/java it just installs itself to /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/ 

You can either use the path to the java binary beneath that or instead install the JDK from this page which does update /usr/bin/java

@RichTrouton's answer might be correct on what Chrome uses i.e. a 32 bit JRE but this answer explained /usr/bin/java issues. Note that the simple Oracle JRE does not update /usr/bin/java and I think Apple's later installs do not touch this either. Your browser does not use /usr/bin/java but directly looks in /System or /Library