Numbers Won't Open On My MacBook Pro with OS X 10.8.5
The first thing to do when troubleshooting an iWork app that connects to iCloud is to test launching the app from a brand new user. This will isolate whether your user settings are causing problems or the problem is truly with the App itself or the OS install.


Open System Preferences
Select Users &amp; Groups
Make a new user - test or something obvious.
Log out of your current user (users if you have fast user switching enabled).
Log in to the new account.
Open Numbers.


At that point, you can see if the console app has information about Numbers from the current user launching the app and the previous user. Console app is in /Applications/Utilities.

Since this won't actually solve the problem you may need to edit the question or ask a new question - but it should help inform you if the problem relates to your documents in Numbers or the Numbers app itself. From there, you'll have a more narrow problem to ask/chase/fix.