Trouble with Adobe Creative Cloud
A couple of side suggestions:


You are paying for cloud service, so you should have paid support from Adobe if you can't solve this quickly. They should have an article explaining exactly what ports need to be open for your firewall.
You could disable the firewall for a short test to rule that in/out as cause of your issues.


If you want to go this alone, enable logging in the firewall and make a new user account. Open the CC Desktop app in the new user and attempt to sign in with your Adobe ID.

This will test system settings and the app. It will check your ID is active and get you firewall data if you are blocking a needed port. It will also separate the system from your main user settings so you can narrow the cause.