Using the command-line / Terminal, is it possible to determine if this Mac has Touch ID or not?
You can also look for hardware info and match it against apple provided info about Touch ID enabled Macs.


  Only the 2016, 2017 and 2018 MacBook Pros with "Touch Bar" have Touch ID. 


https://discussions.apple.com/thread/8597511 Though a more credible and updated source would be better. 
Also,  If system pref > Touch ID exists, this can be an indicator.


Using command line how to open a specific section of GUI System Preferences?
How do you access network preferences from the Terminal?

https://ioshacker.com/how-to/use-touch-id-for-sudo-in-terminal-on-mac look for tid (I don't know where)