How to remove aux jack from Macbook Pro?
If the port has super glue in it, there isn’t anything you can do to remove the broken piece other than take it in for service and have the port replaced.
The audio jack is somewhat hollow, but it does have a conductor in the center.  It may have been possible to push a “tinned” piece of wire into the jack and then heat The wire so the solder will weld the wire to the jack allowing you to pull it out.  You’ll need a soldering iron and some soldering skills to do this.
Alternately, you may be able to open the Mac, and from the back of the socket, use a stiff piece of wire to push it out of the jack.
However, most likely, the only solution would be unsolder the jack from the logic board and solder on a new one. You’ll have to take in in unless you have surface mount PCB rework skills and tools.    Now, that’s going to be expensive, so if you opt to not do this and go for a workaround, you”ll either need to use Bluetooth speakers or a USB DAC (Digital Audio Converter) to give you back physical input and output connections.