Connector for the various part of the MacBook
These connectors are not given a particular generic name by Apple beyond just "cable connector". In their service manuals, the cable connectors are differentiated by referring to what they're connecting. For example, here is a quote from one of their service manuals:


  Disconnect the battery cable connector from the logic board, taking
  care to keep the cable connector flat when pulling it out of its mate.
  Use your thumb on top and a black stick beneath to prevent too much
  bend in the cable. An alternative is to use your index fingers (and
  nails) to grab the sides of the connector and pull straight out, level
  with the board.


NOTE: Bold emphasis added by me.

So, these cable connectors are referred to as various names, such as:


Battery cable connector
Audio cable connector
Microphone cable connector


Often these cables are known as Halogen-free cables and connectors. These cables/connectors are delicate and you must handle them with care to avoid damage.

Also, since the image in your question isn't labelled, I should point out that there are also various other cables/connectors in a MacBook, such as:


LVDS cable
Port hatch flex connector
Hard drive flex cable


And the list goes on.

Hope this helps and answers your question. If not, feel free to comment and clarify what you were after.