Universal (MacOS and iOS) iCloud path to file?
Not sure if this will do exactly what you want, but here's how to get a link to a file stored in iCloud:

On your Mac:


In Finder, open your iCloud Drive (found in the Go menu or Shift+Command+I)
Right click on the file and choose Share > Show People
Expand Share Options and adjust permissions as needed
Click Copy Link


On your iPhone/iPad:


Go to the Files app
Tap the file to open it
Tap the share icon (bottom left)
Tap Add People
Adjust Share Options as needed
Tap Copy Link


On the web:


Go to Drive on iCloud
Click to highlight the file
Click the Add People icon in the top menu bar
Click Copy Link
Adjust permissions and click Share
The shareable URL will shown