How can I complete an iPad update when I can't hit "continue"? (broken digitizer)
No. You'd need to enroll that iPad in a MDM that can push a profile to suppress that setup step. I still believe you'll need to tap something there as well on iOS 11 so you may need to pay to repair the digitizer at this point.

If you had screen zoom accessibility on, you might be able to multi you h your way to zooming and panning that control so it was on part of the digitizer that still works but I don't think that's enabled either during the pre-setup portion of iOS or amenable to set over iTunes and USB/WiFi sync.