Can a Macbook Pro Output Video through the 3.5mm Audio Port?
No.  It's an audio port not an audio/video port.



Per the Apple Support site: Mac Basics: Ports on your Mac




HDMI and the Thunderbolt Ports will carry both digital video with audio, but your analog audio port (denoted by the headphone icon) will only carry audio. 

Your option here is to get an HDMI to Composite adapter that will convert the digital video/audio signals to analog composite signals.  There are different makes/manufacturers.  You should pick one with good ratings and that is not too expensive.