Remove Linux partition on Mac. CoreStorage problems
By accident the OP took one command in the answer Remove Ubuntu and grow Mac partition literally and entered:

gpt add -b 409640 -i 2 -s 118430560 -t 53746F72-6167-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC /dev/disk0


to add a partition table entry, though his original macOS volume was much larger. The command above creates a ~60 GB CoreStorage partition right after the EFI partition.
No output of the previous partition table was available (sudo) gpt -r show diskX.

To recreate the partition table an external volume with a full macOS install, wxHexEditor and some knowledge about the typical sizes and internal structures of macOS recovery volumes is necessary.


Install macOS to a thumb drive and configure it.
Download and install wxHexEditor
Search for the typical start blocks of the Recovery HD like in this answer.
Recreate the Recovery HD with gpt add -i 3 ...
Recreate the main macOS volume between EFI and Recovery HD partition gpt add -i 2 ...
Verify the disk and the volumes with diskutil verify[Disk|Volume] diskYsX
Expand the recovered main volume