Is there a way to access iCloud's Photo Stream from the Finder, similar to Windows?
After doing some research, I finally found where they were located, and then figured a quick way to get back to them. 

The files themselves are stored in hashed folders under ~/Library/Application Support/iLifeAssetManagement/assets/sub. 

I then created a Smart Folder using this path, and then selecting Kind as "Image". This then provides me with a directory with just the images in Photo Stream, outside of their folders. 



I also verified that this was working on a machine where iPhoto didn't have Photo Stream enabled itself, the only Photo Stream part was enabled in System Preferences. Therefore, it was syncing on its own, and not with a relation to iPhoto having to launch to trigger it. 

You can't cd into a smart folder, but it looks like I can use some actions with it it. I moreso wanted a direct folder, so I could copy stuff out quickly.