How can I exit "bash"?
I'm not sure I understand your question.  

The -bash: prefix you see is simply bash's way of identifying itself as the source of the error message. In this case you entered cdp which is neither an external nor internal shell command nor was it defined as an alias or function.

While in a (bash) terminal, you can simply type exit to leave the terminal and close the shell session.

The aliases in your .profile are read when you start a new terminal or shell session, or if you source the files: e.g. source ~/.profile.  That should re-read your .profile and load any changed aliases.