OS X Terminal window disappears on launch
Well can I ask you what default login shell is?  mine is /usr/local/bin/bash from Homebrew, and if I move my stuff from Time machine to a new computer Homebrew is there but for some reason it is hosed, so I need to change the login shell, remove Homebrew, reinstall XCode, reinstall Homebrew, reinstall /usr/local/bin/bash and change my default login shell again.  I might be wrong on your special instance, but it is something worth considering.  In general Migration Assistant works for your data and all the "normal" stuff and Apps people have, but any developer/Unix stuff gets broken (or so it is my experience over dozens of migrations). 

PS to change your default login shell go to the Preferences Panel (the thing with the cogwheels icon), Users and Group, unlock if needs be, right click on yourself -- the option of 'Advanced options' will come up, click that and change your login shell.  Save, log out and you're set.