Operate PhotoBooth with mouse clicks
The problem with your solution is that as far as I know PhotoBooth doesn't have a "next effect" command. One must click the "effects" button and choose. What you could do is create a new empty user, so people won't access your personal stuff, and lock the computer with PhotoBooth using a script.

Follow these steps, changing the application from Finder to PhotoBooth:
https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/337191/197509

People won't be able to do other stuff unless they can reach the keyboard.