No bootable device after failed Windows 7 installation via Bootcamp
It looks like you manged to delete a Hidden partitions.

One is Called EFI and it is about 200mb.

The second one is called RecoveryHD and it is about 600mb.

There was a reason for them to be hidden, but if you have the Debug menu show all on, they will show.

The good news is your data is still there, if you did not do further damage.

If you have a bootable USB (always) then use it to start up.

Meanwhile if you must recover your data, use a second Mac and run the Target Disk mode to recover.

Using 3d party disk repairs wont help here, you need to get the EFI back on to your disk, that is only provided by Apple.