is it possible to automate device enrollment process using Intune MDM?
Apple can compel device enrollment automation that triggers no touch download and forced enrollment.

http://deploy.apple.com/

iOS devices require user approved enrollment unless the hardware was purchased under a business account. This subset of hardware can be automatically managed devices as part of an enterprise or business account. Your three steps would work for these iOS devices.
Since your three steps are three different processes, focus on them sequentially.
Figure how to update settings once a device is managed (by Intune in your case) as you likely have the most control over that initially.
Then you will have two paths for the other two steps. User assisted enrollment of a device and Apple DEP process that points to your specific MDM.

https://www.apple.com/business/docs/site/DEP_Guide.pdf
https://support.apple.com/guide/mdm/welcome/web

Read this PDF and site for some great tips, like manual supervision via Apple Configurator.