Can I recover deleted apps and content on my jailbroken iOS device?
If you restore using a backup that is recent, depending on the app, associated information will get restored (i.e. most games will generally have your high scores) as long as the app uses the standard way of storing data on an iOS device (which optionally involves iCloud).

This is the information that is at /var/mobile/Applications/{GUID}/Documents generally. Some apps do not store certain items there for security or space (in the backup, such as large in app purchase content) reasons. The app itself will generally have a way to retrieve such data on first launch after you provide credentials.