MacBook cannot connect to non-SSL websites
I've fixed this problem awhile ago on a customer's machine, in that instance I believe it was an issue with the WebKit framework.  

I'm assuming you don't have access to an external bootable drive, (if you did, boot off it and test).  Try booting to your Recovery HD and see if "Get Help Online" works.  If it does we know the problem resides in your OS, I recommend backing up your machine and performing an install of your OS, note a clean install should not be necessary unless an archive install fails to resolve the problem.