MacBook Hangs on Boot at seemingly different stages each time
Your problem seems to be bit deeper since you tried few options already.

You might or might not have the recovery installed! 

You could get one and use it from USB, or if it happens so you might have bootable os on USB.

In none of the above is possible then try using the Target disk mode.

For that you will need a second mac (not many have that).

To some degree the Apple Hardware test could detect problems with hardware.

Press and hold the D key before the gray startup screen appears.