Lost my phone, can't login Apple ID
I would suggest following Apple's guide on recovering an Apple-ID:
https://support.apple.com/en-gb/HT204921
In particular you want to visit this web site to start the process:
https://iforgot.apple.com/
If these are the steps you've already taken, and you still cannot gain access even after waiting the given period of time - I would call Apple Support to ask if they can recover your account for you based on some other means of authentication.