Group Significant locations by date instead of location
Unfortunately, this can't be changed and I don't know a way to retrieve this data.

There is an app that does this. Find My Family, Friends, Phone. Whilst the main use is family tracking it can be used to see location history. It offers 7 days history and 30 if you pay.

Another app that offers this is Google Maps. It offers a Your Time Line feature. You can see a history of each day. While not listing the places like iOS it is very similar.