Create a new space using a keyboard shortcut in macOS Big Sur
Tested under macOS Big Sur and macOS Catalina using English (US) as the language, the following example AppleScript code works to programmatically add another Desktop:
do shell script &quot;open -a 'Mission Control'&quot;
delay 0.5
tell application &quot;System Events&quot; to ¬
    click (every button whose value of ¬
        attribute &quot;AXDescription&quot; is &quot;add desktop&quot;) of ¬
        group 2 of group 1 of group 1 of process &quot;Dock&quot;
delay 0.5
tell application &quot;System Events&quot; to key code 53

Note that most likely works from macOS Sierra onwards. Prior to that, remove group 2 of group 1 of  from the code.

For other languages, including English, try the following example AppleScript code:
do shell script &quot;open -b 'com.apple.exposelauncher'&quot;
delay 0.5
tell application id &quot;com.apple.systemevents&quot;
    tell (every application process ¬
        whose bundle identifier = &quot;com.apple.dock&quot;) to ¬
        click (button 1 of group 2 of group 1 of group 1)
    delay 0.5
    key code 53 -- esc key
end tell