What are the keyboard shortcuts for copying login and password in 1Password without using the browser extension?
There are not specific keyboard shortcuts for those two individual items in 1Password but you can navigate to them with the keyboard.

Here's how you could get a login or password into your clipboard without pushing a mouse (or fondling a trackpad). 


Command-F to search for the account you want to access
&uarr; / &darr; to move up or down through the search results
Command-E to switch to edit mode for the selected record
Tab until you get to the field you want to copy
Command-C to copy the value from the field
Command-E again to exit edit mode


You now have the value you want on your clipboard. 

I know it's not the single shortcut you were looking for but I think it's as close as you're going to get with 1Password.