AirDrop from iPhone to MacBook stopped working (other way OK)
I have a similar problem. 

How does Airdrop work under the hood

Got some helpful answers here, but did not fix my problem. Today I took my iPhone 5s (8.4, but I had the problem under iOS 7) to the Apple store and tested it on a brand new MBP. It worked fine both ways. 

Other experiments I ran before:
MBP to iPad mini - worked fine both ways.
iPad mini to iPhone 5s - worked fine both ways.

So I do not have the full answer, but I now believe that the combination of hardware (both my MBP and iPhone 5s are old, Airdrop was introduced later) is the cause of the problem. I do not think it can be fixed.