Record MacBook Audio Out With iPad/iPhone Earphone Jack
The reason you have this problem is not because of the cable, it’s because you’re sending speaker output to a microphone.  It’s no different than taking a regular microphone and holding it front of a speaker and trying to record; it’s not going to work.

See this similar post for more details:  Use 3.5mm jack as line in for a musical instrument

Instead of sending the audio out to your iPad to record it, just record it on your Mac (bypass the middleman):


Soundflower. Free, but abandoned by the original dev. Project is now hosted on GitHub.
Audio Hijack. Same developer as Soundflower, but a paid at $60USD)
Use a hardware solution like a USB DAC.  I prefer this because for less money (half of the cost of AH) I get a device I can record from and output to.  I get much better sound from my Mac when hooked up to my Bose wave radio than from the internal speakers.  


As for your cable, it's looks to be a good one, but it won't change the fact that trying to record speaker output with a microphone is spotty at best.