Share internet connection from a PC to an iPhone through the USB cable
This works well for iOS 10 and macOS 10.12:


Can I share my iMac&#39;s internet to iPhone or iPad over USB??


You're not the first to ask this question. Searching with Google shows that it's been discussed here and here. 

Unfortunately, iOS 9 and earlier do not support what you're describing.

You mention that you don't have a wireless card but perhaps you can share your internet connection wirelessly, through an Ad-Hoc network. I think that's the best way to go, honestly.

This doesn't work for internet:


  [PC] --->--(USB)--->--> [iOS Device]


But this probably would, since the iOS device doesn't care, for the most part, where the WiFi is coming from:


  [PC] --->--(WiFi)--->--> [iOS Device]


So, you might consider grabbing a wireless card for your PC. Alternatively, a jailbroken iPhone might be able to get more mileage with a  USB cable than a vanilla one would.