Why do electrolytic capacitors have terminals of different length unlike ceramic capacitors
Electrolytic capacitors will only work if they are connected the correct way round in a circuit. They are polarised, i.e. they are sensitive to the polarity of the applied voltage; the + connection of an electrolytic capacitor should be at a higher voltage than the - connection. 

So the component needs to carry that information clearly. One of the mechanisms used is to have wires of different length, so that it is easy to get correct when using the component to manufacture something. 

Ceramic capacitors are not sensitive to the polarity of the applied voltage, it doesn't matter which connection is more positive than the other. Hence there is nothing to indicate. Hence there is no need to have wires of different lengths.

Edited to incorporate helpful comments. 
The issue is for electrolytic capacitors is the voltage polarity across pins.

(Of course, adding wires of different length might cost a tiny bit more for the manufacturer, so they wouldn't want to do that for no reason :-)