SN7400N unusally high propagation delay
Please see http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_4/chpt_3/10.html for a discussion of TTL logic levels. A 7400 is not guaranteed to change state until the input drops below 0.8 volts. Given the long tail on your clock, I'd suggest that it is working just fine. 

What I suggest you do is to use 2 7400's in series. The unused inputs should be pulled up to +5 with a 1k resistor, not tied directly. Then trigger your scope off the output of the first gate, and compare with the output of the second.

Oh yes, and you are WAY overdriving the input. Apply no more than 5 volts to a TTL input.

Finally, get into good habits, and tie the inputs of the unused gates either high or low. This is not usually a problem with 7400s - floating inputs will fairly reliably act as if they had a high input. Once you move on to other logic families, CMOS in particular, floating inputs will give you all sorts of grief. This particular bit of advice is not based on theoretical considerations. "Good judgment comes from experience. Experience comes from bad judgment."