Does anybody know what kind of component this is?
Three possibles in order


Ferrite Inductors, used sometimes to reduce conducted noise on power supplies. DC Resistance is zero, but 10-1000 ohms at high frequency.
'Poly Fuses' 'PTC Resistors' 'Resetable Fuse' Often have low resistance.  When they heat up the resistance goes up which limits the current due to a fault.
Sense Resistors, used to sense current. Often these have very low resistance (much less than an ohm)
Zero Ohm resistors, sometimes these end up on power supply rails so that engineers can measure current.