What is the purpose of these plastic "wings" on this power plug
Those 'wings' are grips. In the pictured module, the contacts are mounted in a removable 'faceplate.'

In this case, it's an AUS-compatible faceplate, and those wings are to ease installation &amp; removal of that plate.

More to the (assumed) second intent of your post: Yes, you should be safely able to remove them safely.