Inductive and capacitive terms
A component, device or circuit would be said to be inductive if, upon application of DC voltage, the current through or into the component, device or circuit rises with any delay in comparison to the rise of voltage applied to the component, device or circuit.

A component, device or circuit would be said to be capacitive if, upon application of DC voltage through a series resistance, the voltage at the input of the component, device or circuit rises with any delay in comparison to the rise of current through or into the component, device or circuit.

If an AC voltage is applied, any lag in current compared to voltage would indicate an inductive component and any lag in voltage compared to current would indicate a capacitive component.

Note that the delay can be any delay for an inductive or capacitive component that is not an ideal inductor or capacitor while in an ideal capacitor or inductor, the delay is 90 degrees of a sine wave.

I should add that a component, device or circuit could be exhibit either inductive or capacitive characteristics depending to frequency.

EDIT:
Additional attention is being sought for this question. I could add that when we say that some component is inductive or capacitive, that would generally mean that inductance or capacitance is predominant in the behavior of that device. The operating frequency of the circuit is an important factor in determining what characteristic is predominant.

Peter Smith has provided quite a bit about ESR and ESL. Capacitors can also have effective or equivalent parallel resistance. That accounts for self discharge or leakage of capacitors that are not connected to a circuit or passage of DC current that the capacitor is intended to block.

I don't think that it's appropriate in this forum to try to develop a discussion about the theory and application of inductance and capacitance. If more is needed, I think additional specific questions may be required.