An alternative to a regular glass fuse
Traditional fuses ... don't play well with SMD. 


You're misinformed. There are plenty of SMD fuse holders available for that kind of fuse.

There are also smaller fuses with similar behavior (i.e. disposable rather than resettable like a polyfuse) available with SMD holders.


  However they seem to be for a small voltage (6-30V),


Fundamentally, for  a fuse to be able to withstand hundreds of volts in its fused (broken) state, there must be a certain distance between its terminals. There is a fundamental trade off between size and voltage rating here. So you need to decide your actual voltage requirement and then look for the smallest fuse that will support it.


  it is unclear whether they will burn if overvoltaged (think main connection or lighting strike)


You should not be using a fuse to protect against over-voltage. Fuses protect against over-current, not over-voltage. And you should not expect a fuse to protect the fused device either --- the fuse is there to prevent over-heating from causing a fire. It is not intended to prevent damage to the fused device.


  It is also unclear whether they can handle significant inductive load such as sprinkler solenoid connected via a long cable.


Typically inductive loads don't cause high currents, so they wouldn't be likely to overload a fuse. (You could, of course, contrive a circuit where an inductive load generates a high current. I'm speaking of typical scenarios)

They may cause high voltages when switched quickly. You should use an over-voltage protection device or a free-wheel device to protect against this. Not a fuse.