How to make 1 bit permanent memory circuit?
The original electronic nonvolatile memory is based on ferrite cores. While it's relatively easy to magnetize such a core in one direction or the other to store a one or a zero, it takes some fairly sophisticated circuitry to read it back reliably.

Modern nonvolatile chips rely on charge storage, but in order to make this work, you need to be able to create a capacitor that has essentially zero leakage, and a way to read out that charge. This can only be done in the context of microelectronics, where the capacitor is a tiny piece of metal (the "floating gate") that's completely encased in glass (silicon dioxide), and is read out by means of its influence on a nearby transistor.

Another choice is ferrorelectric RAM (FRAM), which uses a special dielectric material that has two distinct, stable polarization states. Again, this only works in microelectronics.

Therefore, you need to pick some other physical phenomenon to store your bit of information. One obvious choice is the latching relay, which stores information in the physical position of its armature, which is held in either of two stable positions by a permanent magnet or a spring. The position can be changed by applying a relatively short pulse of current, and the readout is accomplished by attaching electrical contacts to the armature.