Series resistance for DC brushed motor with PWM drive
Your understanding is  good.

Adding a series R increases the R/L slew rate of current but to lower final short circuit current so this does not protect the driver.   Slew rate is the inverse of Tau=L/R !

The only way to provide OCP (over-current protection) is to sense current with say a  60mV shunt resistor ( e.g. 60mV/6A = 0.01 Ohm ) then amplify properly and trigger a shutdown before the Safe Operating Area (SOA curve) power * time limit is exceeded in the driver from an electrical short or motor from a mechanical stall.    Current shunt IC’s often use 50mV max but depends on Pd max.