Feedback requested for my circuit
As several commentors have stated, knowing the part numbers makes for more specific responses but here are some general thoughts:

D2 and R1 are probably not required.

Use a logic level gate type FET in your design or you will need a driver circuit between the uP and the gate of the FET. These types of FETs will also ensure a full turn on (low R DS ).

Place a pull down resistor from the gate of the FET to ground. This will help it turn off. The FET datasheet will give you guidelines for the value of the resistor. It is usually in the range of a few kohms.

The size of the filter cap depends on the impedance of your 19 volt supply and the load of the solenoids and the 5 volt load. You can determine the value experimentally. Perhaps start with 220 uF and take it from there.