Leads of a particular electrical component
Technically:


Leads (thru-hole and SMD packages that have metallic protrusions such
as DIP, SOIC, SOT, and TQFP),
Pads (SMD like QFN without metallic protrusions),
Balls (BGA)
Electrodes (tend to be for larger, higher voltage things, especially older equipment like vacuum tubes)


are all distinct things. But no one cares. It's all used interchangeably.  "Terminal" is also another term that would cover all of the above. I tend to use "pin" or "terminal" across the board.

The specific terminal itself on a particular type of component has different names depending on the component.

For a diodes, and generally two-terminal polarized components (such as polarized capacitors or cells and batteries), it is the anode and cathode.

For BJTs and other three-terminal components of "similar NPN arrangement" such as thyristors, it's base, collector emitter.

For MOSFETs and JFETs, it's gate, source, drain.

IGBTs have gates, collectors, and emitters since they steal construction and operating traits of MOSFETs and BJTs for those respective connections.

For op amps, it's inverting input, non-inverting input, and output.

There's no glossary. You just run into it when you use the component and it's obvious what it is if you know how you're supposed to use the component. Also, the datasheet.