I2C ideal pull-up resistor calculation
Hold time is the amount of time for which the signal must be stable after the clock edge. When the signal is low and starts rising on a clock edge it must not cross VIL for 300ns. You have
$$0.8 = e^{-300ns/(200pF R)}$$

However, that still does not give you the correct answer. I had a look at the I2C specification here. Interestingly, 300ns only appears as the rise time requirement when you are in fast mode, which is the mode for 400kbps. The time it takes for the signal to rise to VIH is:
$$0.2 = e^{-300ns/(200pF R)}$$
Solving for R
$$R = \frac{-1}{\ln 0.2} \times 300ns / 200pF\approx 932 \Omega$$