RGB LED matrix 64x32 + ESP32 powering
For more than 3A from usb compliant chargers, you need usb pd and 5A capable emarker cables. For more than 5V at xA which you can then regulate down to 5V yA but use regular cables, you also need usb pd plus a regulator. Both cases would require you to add a usb pd capable microcontroller or dedicated PD enabling IC. You can get trigger modules that do this for you if you don't want to add/design your own board.
Non-compliant chargers or USB A chargers may allow you to pull more than 2.1A directly from the port as these tend to be simple 5V regulators directly tied to the usb connector. There is no charger side control of the power out. USB C chargers should have active control circuitry that enables higher current and/or voltages. But with non-compliant usb A chargers and pulling too much current, you will see voltage droop at best over cheaper usb cables with thinner cables. Worst case is a fire from overheated cables.