Voltage Bridging (Impedance bridging) Question in Cascade Amplifier
When you choose an op-amp for a particular design, you choose it with knowledge of the various significant parameters it has that relate to what the design performance expectations are.

One of these parameters can be the closed-loop output impedance i.e. what output impedance it projects given its open-loop gain and bandwidth. In a lot of cases, the highest frequency of interest to the design is usually well-within the bandwidth of the the op-amp but, if you need a lot of gain in the circuit you have to factor that in and this is called gain-bandwidth-product.

So, if you choose an op-amp with a GBP of 1 MHz it can be relied upon in a design to have a 3 dB point that is 100 kHz with a gain of ten or, a 3 dB point that is 10 kHz with a gain of 100.

But, the down side is that the output impedance is starting to rise at the higher frequencies and, this could become problematic. Having to fight gain-bandwidth limitations and then output loading effects means that you have to be careful.

Consider an op-amp that has a natural open-loop output impedance of 100 ohms across the spectrum (a bit simplistic of course). When you apply negative feedback, the major benefit is that the closed-loop output impedance drops massively (due to the massive open-loop gain that the op-amp has). If at higher frequencies that open-loop gain is pushed to the gain-bandwidth extremes, any extra loading effects can make things worse. At lower frequencies there won't be a problem of course.

I see in your design that it uses a TL071 but I don't think this is modern enough for the data sheet to help you. However, many data sheets of modern devices either tell you open-loop output impedance (thus allowing you to calculate the closed loop output impedance) (usually TI) or they give examples of the closed loop output impedance at certain gains (ADI is notable in my experience).

So, pick a device that specifies the output impedance in the data sheet or physically test it. Having said all of that the basic rule is to assume the output impedance is zero and try and make loading effects from input circuits as high as possible but, this isn't always the case.