what is a non static component?
Let's look at the capacitor. The equation describing a capacitor is

$$I = C\frac{\mathrm{d}V}{\mathrm{d}t}$$

We say a system with input \$x(t)\$ and output \$y(t)\$ is linear if the response to an input \$\alpha{}x_1(t)+\beta{}x_2(t)\$ is \$\alpha{}y_1(t)+\beta{}y_2(t)\$. If you know the properties of the derivative operator, you can easily verify that, if the capacitor is initially uncharged, this is true for the capacitor's equation. 


  what I understand is that like a resistance it is linear, but it's linearity may change. If I'm correct, it's linearity would change with the frequency?


This is referring to the phasor representation of signals. In the phasor representation, we assume the signals we are interested in are sinusoids with frequency \$\omega\$. Phasor analysis models the sinusoidal steady state behavior of a circuit, meaning the response to a sinusoidal stimulus after all initial transient behaviors have decayed until negligible.

In phasor analysis we represent each signal by a complex number that contains information about the magnitude and phase of the sinusoid. 

In this representation, the capacitor equation becomes

$$\mathbf{i}=j\omega{}C\mathbf{v}$$

where \$\mathbf{i}\$ and \$\mathbf{v}\$ are the phasors representing the current and voltage signals.

You can see then that \$\mathbf{i}\$ is proportional to \$\mathbf{v}\$ with a proportionality that does depend on the frequency. (We don't say that the "linearity" changes, we say the "constant of proportionality" changes). In this case (a characteristic equation of the form \$\mathbf{i}=Y\mathbf{v}\$) we  call the ratio \$Y\$ the admittance of the device.


  Is there anything else than the [frequency] which can change [the] linearity or only the frequency?


You can see that the phasor capacitor equation has terms for both the frequency and the capacitance of the device. So if something changed the capacitance of the device, that would also change the admittance of the capacitor. For example, the capacitance of a varicap is changed by changing the dc bias voltage applied to it. 

A very similar explanation can be made about the inductor, with some rearrangement of terms and terminology.