Replace 78L05 with 7805
Two things. One, the 7805 and 78L05 are identical in operation and pinning, the only significant difference being the current they can operate at. There is heat concerns with higher current, but the TO-220 case that the 7805 comes in handles more heat. Essentially, they are drop in replacements for each other.

BUT the more important part is that most newer phones hate dumb chargers. Older chargers tend to simply have the power pins connected. It's not the 100mA limit that prevents charging, but lack of signaling on the data pins. Newer chargers tend to have switching regulators instead of linear regulators, which are more efficient and have little to no heat issues, but also signal to the phone what kind of charger it is.

For the most part, it would be cheaper, faster, and safer to buy a 1 dollar usb car charger on ebay then it would trying to replace the 78l05 with a 7805. Or spare 5 bucks for the same charger at a retail store (Walgreens, CVS, etc).