What will happen if I inject rated output voltage into secondary of a single phase transformer?
This is close to the form of a basic DC-AC inverter circuit.  However in this arrangement the upper MOSFETs should be P-Channel types, (note that you need to drive the Gate against a steady Source voltage).  It can be done with all N-Channel parts but the circuit needs to be different, (see link)

Obviously if you turn on two of the MOSFETs from one side they will be fried.  So even with a PWM output it is best to give a small delay before tuning on the alternate MOSFET pair.  Some of the MCU parts have such a delay available when outputting a pair of PWM signals.

Here is a link to an example inverter circuit:
http://www.bristolwatch.com/ele/arduino_power_inverter.htm  - (Scroll down page)