Choosing the right Schottky for the voltage/amperage
Forward continuous current is what you might regard as the maximum current you are allowed to pass through the diode continuously given what the data sheet says (small print) about heat sinking requirements. This is a thermal specification as opposed to peak forward current (sometimes ten times higher than continuous) which is a "fusing" type of specification.

Repetitive peak inverse voltage is the blocking voltage that the diode can withstand when reverse biased.

Forward voltage is the volt drop across the diode when forward biased and is always specified at a forward current. For a Schottky diode this can be in the range 0.3 to 0.6 volts typically.