Do I have to use external clock for ATmega ISP programming after changing fuse bits?
Hmh, found an answer to other similar question:


  You do not need any crystal circuitry in place for programming a blank off the line AVR (as they come running off the internal oscillator), but if trying to reprogram a chip that is fused for an external crystal, you will need a comparable crystal and load capacitors in circuit (unless you use a high voltage programming mode).


so for now I understand that the answer is I can't use the above simple circuit after changing the fuse bits, I have to extend it with a clock matching the fuse bits configuration.