How can I protect a sensitive Component from voltage spikes?
They are not all that sensitive to forward current - 1% duty cycle 200mA. 

Reverse voltage is more of a problem with this kind of LED, as I understand it, so any kind of silicon diode across the LED will keep it within the -6V limit. You could use a 1N4148, for example.

The diode will not limit the LED current- to do that you would have to add a limiting circuit in series. It's possible to do this but probably not worthwhile, depending on what you are using to control the current. For example, if you are using a resistor it's unlikely to go short. If you are using a current regulator circuit you can add a series resistor so the current regulator is limited in the damage it can do.