When trying to program Attiny13 with simple blink program avrdude shows "target doesn't answer"
Based on your other question, there is yet another vital bit of information you haven't told us. 

You didn't say in your question that you have set the RSTDSBL bit in the fuse settings, but based on your other question it is clear you have. Once you disable the reset pin functionality (changing it to an I/O pin), you cannot use low voltage programming any more. You must use a high voltage (+12V) signal on the reset pin when programming. 

There are examples on the internet (such as this one) which discuss options for building a high voltage programmer.