Digital voltage/current controller for DIY bench power supply
Find a suitable voltage regulator that can supply up to 12 volts at 10 amps and has a feedback (FB) pin that is used for setting the output voltage via a potential divider.
If your input voltage is only 12 volt then use a pre-boost regulator to deliver maybe 15 volts to the regulator described in (1).
If you consider that maybe 11.5 volts is enough at the output then you don't need a pre-regulator if your main regulator has enough grunt and low drop-out to do the job (but you won't quite get 12 volts of course).


Two more things to do and the first revolves around using a digital pot to control the voltage fed back to the FB pin. Alternatively inject a current into the FB node that can "con" the regulator into assuming a diufferent voltage output. Here's the first idea: -



This was taken from figure 8 in this ADI document.

The second idea is to use this type of injection using a current output DAC: -



Or like this: -



And the second thing to do is have a small resistor in series with the output of the regulator (but before the feedback resistors) that can be used to measure load current. You can use a circuit like this that takes the high-side measurement and references it to 0 volts that can be read by an ADC: -



The above taken from here.

Or you go the whole-hog and get yourself a step-Down controller with Digital Power System Management like the LTC3886: -