USB Charging Voltage vs Battery Life
Batteries can handle watts of charge discharge based on some C value rating.

This is according to their thermal resistance to losses and resulting temp rise. Thus a large flat pack can run cooler than a cyl pack if they both have the same 5~35 mOhm ESR when new.  ESR rises sharply below 10% SoC and slowly with aging until dead.

You cannot compare Apples and Oranges with current.  It depends on battery C charge rate for a given string voltage and P=V*I and heat loss is Pd=I^ ESR.

Prolonged life is controlled by Arhennius effect and temperature rise of electrodes inside. Longest life is &lt;10'C inside or a few degrees outside as this Law is roughly 1/2 life for each 10'C - 12'C rise.

But battery life curves are rated in cycles and C/20 and other rates for comparison.

But you can sense temperature  and correlate that with aging.

The other thing is batteries actually get lower ESR and can deliver more current when hot, while aging faster.

This is just a brief answer. go to battery university site for future info.