LED Music Visualizer on Headphones
Your circuit does not appear to have any frequency sensitive components, instead each successive transistor will be a little less sensitive to the incoming signal because of the diode drops, so the effect will be more like a saturating VU meter.

What you want is a circuit like this one:



which has three frequency bands (low, middle, high). It is designed to run off a 9v battery, like your other circuit.