Troubleshoot DIY AM radio
The page you link to leaves out some of the most critical details - how many windings are on the coil, made from what wire, and how big (diameter) is the coil form.  With out that, you can't build it and expect it to do anything
You have ignored the parts that are described, and substituted other parts with no thought to how it all works together.

The description you picked to follow is incomplete, and you ignored what directions it does have.
You should find a project with all the needed details, use the listed parts, and assemble it according to directions.

This PDF explains how AM radios work and describes how to build them.  Follow the instructions.  Many people have built simple AM receivers.  It isn't difficult, but you can't just replace parts or use random junk.