Inverting shift register
For TTL, 33kilohms is way too high!

Try 3.3 kilohms or lower - or use the CMOS equivalent (74HC or 74HCT) of each TTL chip.

The critical parameter in the datasheet (page 6-5 in "The TTL Data Book" 1980 edition) is Ioh (high level output current) which is a measure of how well that open collector will turn off, or how low its leakage is when off..

And for an open-collector inverter (7405) it is specified at ... 250ua max. 74LS is better at 100 ua, but that will still drop 3.3V across your 33K resistor, regardless of any load from inputs connected to it.

This may look pathetically high for a transistor's leakage; but remember these transistors were tuned for high speed (in terms of the time) not low leakage.

For comparison, the 74HC05 has Ioh=5ua max (dropping about 0.16V) neglecting leakage from any connected inputs.