What 7400-series logic variants include input clamp diodes?
NXP's Logic selection guide says (p. 18):


  Devices with overvoltage-tolerant inputs do not have
  input clamp diodes on digital inputs, and can be used
  to interface to higher-voltage systems without using
  external current-limiting resistors.
  
  The following families, in alphabetical order, have digital
  inputs that are overvoltage-tolerant and can be used to
  interface with subsystems operating at a higher supply
  voltage: AHC, ALVC, ALVT, AUP, AVC, AXP, CBTLV(D),
  LVC, and LVT.
  
  


(So AC(T) and HC(T) do have ESD diodes to VCC.)

TI's Logic Guide, Toshiba's Logic ICs catalog, and Fairchild's Logic Selection Guide also mention voltage tolerance or downtranslation as features of these families.

TI's application report Input and Output Characteristics of Digital Integrated Circuits at 3.3-V Supply Voltage shows what actually happens when you go above VCC (apparently, (A)LVC have Zener diodes that clamp at a higher voltage).

For devices with ESD diodes, TI's application report 3.3 V I/O Considerations for Hercules™ Safety MCUs in Automotive and Industrial Environments suggests to use not a simple resistor but a voltage divider (section 3.2).