How to turn-on laptop's battery pack after replacing cells?
Every laptop battery pack that I have taken apart has had a battery management chip connected to it.  It is impossible to miss as it typically runs the length of the battery pack and packaged with the battery inside the pack.  Quite often when I take apart a 'dead' laptop battery pack and test the cells inside, they are all still in reasonable shape.  I reason from that finding that it must be the battery management chip or BMS that has died telling the computer that the battery is no longer any good.

Perhaps this happened to your battery, or, when you were repacking your battery, you damaged the BMS, or you rewired it incorrectly.  It is very easy to damage those chips.  Also, those chips need to turned on after they have lost power.  It sounds like you tried to with the resistor idea,  but it didn't work.  So either that is not how you turn on or wake up your particular chip, or you damaged your chip or wired it incorrectly.

When you took the pack apart did you see the little thermistor taped to one of the batteries?  I believe that some batteries automatically turn off if their thermistor (thermometor) is not giving them a reading.

So there are plenty of reasons why it won't charge.  From your description, your BMS has not been turned on or woken up and is that because it is incorrectly wired, burned out, or physically damaged by your repacking?

Good luck.

Edit: As far as waking up your BMS, I have never tried to wake up a laptop's BMS.  I have woken up many other BMS by appying a very small current to the terminals as if I was going to charge it.  The small current applied is at the battery pack's charge voltage, but not to the battery terminals thenselves, but the terminals of the pack, which will also be the terminals that the BMS runs through I.E., you are applying the current through the BMS to the battery.  So for your 14.8 nominal pack, what was the voltage of the individual cells when you repacked them? Let's assume they were exactly 3.7 volts x 4 in series gives you the 14.8 volts.  So apply a very small current (a couple hundred milliamps or way less) at 14.9 volts.  If your pack is sitting at 16 volts at the moment, then apply the current at 16.1 volts or even 16 volts.  Don't go over 16.8 volts regardless and be ready for smoking and burning that tells you your BMS is no good!