Car microphone; very low signal
This microphone is most likely an Electret mic.  This requires a DC bias for the FET amplifier inside the mic capsule.

Use a quiet (noise-free) DC power supply in the range of 3-5 Vdc with a 2200 Ohm resistor in series from the supply to the mic (+) line.  The DC supply ground is connected to the mic ground.

Use a coupling capacitor to pass the mic signal to your preamp (or scope).  The value of the capacitor depends on the input impedance of your preamp.

Use a scope to observe the signal.  This will give you an idea of how much gain you need in your preamp.

A typical electret mic has an output around -50 dBu to -40 dBu when held close to your mouth and speaking at a nominal level.  Obviously, level is much lower if your are attempting to pick up a voice that is several feet away.