What is a Data-to-Segment Delay (MAX7219)
The maximum data-to-segment time is primarily limited by the scanning frequency. The internal oscillator in the MAX7219 governs how fast it can update the digits. The minimum scanning frequency for all 8 digits is 500Hz, so it takes 2ms to update all of the digits. Suppose you change the data value for some digit/segment in the display just after that same segment was updated...you have to wait for the scanning to come back to that digit again before the new value would be visible. So, the worst case delay is equal to the maximum time to scan through all of the digits plus a little more for the internal registers to be updated.

There are many faster alternatives. This would be an easy thing to do with a microcontroller. On the other hand, no human will be able to observe the difference, so it's not clear why you want to do this.