High bitrate IR receiver (TSOP7000 replacement)
For obvious reason I can't use IrDA because of complicated protocols which are big overhead to latency.


Of course you can use an IrDA receiver. All it does is handle the physical layer, this means convert light into electrical signals. It includes the circuitry you need, like filtering to get rid of slow ambient light variations, etc.

It doesn't know about the protocol at all, which will be implemented in some other chip like an IrDA controller or a micro.

You can use your choice of infrared emitter, and your own choice of signal... the chip will receive it. Example:

http://cds.linear.com/docs/en/datasheet/1328f.pdf

Now, you should:


Match laser optical wavelengths and sensor's maximum sensitivity
Put an optical filter in front of your sensor to filter out light at other wavelengths
Decide where to put the sensors on the target to get good coverage, maybe use some diffusers to ensure a hit anywhere on a large area is picked up by the sensor


Now, if you want it to work in daylight... that's gonna be more difficult. Most likely a modulated signal would work best over ambient light. In this case the simplest option could be an amplitude modulated signal at a rather high frequency (like 4-10 MHz). The receiver would be an AM receiver. This wouldn't be an IrDA chip though. 

EDIT: Here's a suggestion.


Photodiode
Fast low noise amplifier
Tuned bandpass centered around your frequency (say, 10MHz)
Simple diode envelope detector


This would be rather crummy as a radio receiver, as it would detect all frequencies inside the bandpass' pass band equally, but you're unlikely to encounter other sources of pulsed infrared in the thick of the woods anyway. However it is rather simple, and does not need a PLL to track the incoming signal frequency (thus it has no lock time). The bandpass could be a highpass (but a tuned LC would provide better enhancement of your carrier). It would reject ambient light variations rather well, however care must be taken to avoid saturation in sunlight... maybe AC couple the input? I'm not really familiar with photodiode amplifiers.