Build variable resistor controlled by Arduino
I'd do something like shown below, where Vin is the input from the turbine, Vr is the voltage used to change the channel resistance of the MOSFET, I is the turbine current, and V across the 10 ohm resistor is the turbine output voltage.

By changing the MOSFET's gate voltage, its channel resistance can be varied from essentially an open to a short circuit, which will cause the parallel resistance of the circuit to vary from 10 ohms to about an ohm if Rds can be driven low enough.

Of course, knowing Rds(sat), the value of the 1.11 ohm resistor could be adjusted to yield precisely one ohm from the circuit, giving you precisely the one to ten ohm range you want.