How to prevent noninsulated wires close together during manual wiring a PCB?
You really need to practice your soldering technique before you start your next project. Having wires with 220VAC on them flapping around loose is no joke.

But, to save the current one, you can simply use adhesive (hot-melt glue, superglue, whatever) to fix the wires in place so that the exposed conductors don't short to each other.

When a wire breaks loose, there's no option other than resoldering it, and then providing some kind of strain relief so that it doesn't happen again.