434MHz PCB Trace Antenna Design
From this document:  


  One big advantage for the short whip is that it can be a trace
  on a PCB, with a chip inductor used to tune out the
  capacitive reactance of the antenna. If the trace runs parallel
  to ground, the real part of the antenna impedance will be
  approximately 10 ohms. In a hand-held unit, the impedance
  will be raised substantially through hand effects. For a tenth
  wavelength strip on a board with hand effects included, the
  antenna has a capacitive reactance of about 150 ohms. At
  433.9 MHz, this would require a 56 nH inductor to cancel
  the capacitive reactance of the 2.7 inch (70 mm) long line.


  

The document also describes spiral, chip and loop antennas (a.o.).