Help recognizing components and parts of this radio telescope
The Cogsworth radio &quot;telescope&quot; (it's actually more of a radio camera) uses a software defined radio (SDR) dongle to detect the RF signal.
If you watch the video, you'll see that they used GNU Radio to handle the RF parts of the software.
The GNU Radio Companion as seen in the cogsworth video:

The GNU Radio site has suggestions for usable SDR hardware if you'd like to build your own.
Cogsworth collects absolute gigabytes worth of SDR data, then spends hours on post-processing to boil the data down to a picture.

As an alternative, you could have a look at the one I built. Mine detects 11GHz radio waves because I used the down converter from a satellite TV dish.  You could use a wifi antenna instead if you like.  Unlike Cogsworth, my project has links to drawings, plans, and software along with written descriptions instead of cool looking but useless videos.
My radio camera takes about 20 minutes to make an image, but when it is done it is done.  It only takes a single analog value for each point.  It collects a few kilobytes of data.