Similar circuit not working because of wire
The holes in each row are connected together.
Your second circuit has both pins of the LED shorted together.

Just so the photos from grom neer referred to in the comments don't get lost.
Here's the sketch:

The lower sketch shows what happens when you plug an LED into a row of sockets on a breadboard.
This is the schemstic diagram that shows the same thing:

The LED is shown short circuited as will happen if both pins of the LED are plugged into one row on a breadboard.