How to properly store components efficiently and effectively
One method I like to use for most resistors and caps are storing them in a baseball card collection book. With some permanent marker, each "cubby hole" can provide an extremely useful catalogue. 

This could be a possible choice:
Amazon - Ultra Pro Protectors



For larger components (IC's) I try not to store them in anything too special, although I have been known to use some plastic dividers meant for the purpose of storing nickknacks. ESD hasn't ruined anything yet.

Maybe something like this (others are available) configurable storage toolboxes