Help identify missing component USB power
The missing component is a ferrite bead. Without a schematic, service manual or bill of materials, we can't possibly know the exact type of component is, and thus the current rating and impedance are unknown, and we can't suggest a replacement. 

However, given that we know it only used to filter USB 5V power, feel free to put almost any ferrite bead there that is rated for 1A-2A and does not drop too much voltage. Or just put a 0R resistor, blob of solder, or a piece wire there to bypass it.

Just check first with a multimeter that there is no short circuit if the ferrite bead acted as a fuse and blew itself to pieces. However there is no sign of that, the damage looks purely mechanical, no blown component residue anywhere.