MOSFET-N as a switch for several ICs
No, IRF7413 can not work from 3.3 V. Its max threshold voltage is 3 V. It means it just starts conducting at 2-3 V. The datasheet recommends to drive it by 10 V.

Furthermore, it is a switching MOSFET. Its gate resistor must be small (few Ohms). Most likely, it starts oscillations when driven like this.

And the most important question: do your ICs (I2C TEMP...) have a separate ground from the microcontroller?! The present design breaks GND connection. It is wrong for most cases.

You should use P channel MOSFET with logical level drive for this type of design. It is placed in 3.3 V supply line. The GND wire is common for microcontroller and all devices.