What is the best way to go about high-quality wireless communication between two microcontrollers?
There are really a lot of ways to accomplish what you want to do, but I understand that what you are looking for is guidance on how to structure your search to get things done.

As you have an idea of what you want your system to do at a high level, I would start working down to the technical specifications. As you are now trying to find a good wireless transmission module, I would recommend taking a step back and defining exactly what you mean by "very high bitrate". You could use lossless compression to push part of the burden to the microcontrollers, but if you don't want to do that, you need to calculate what is the maximum data throughput you will need from your wireless system. Keep in mind that requirements such as error checking and real-time streaming could also affect the number of bytes you need to transmit.

With that said, there are many readily available modules that will allow you to transfer data at high speed, but keep in mind the trade-offs between power, speed, protocol complexity and the cost of your design.

If you want to elaborate a bit more and give more specific requirements for the radio module you are seeking, I'm sure you will receive more effective suggestions about which module to use.