Design of 7400 Series IC
There are no significant constraints and early ICs i DIP packages did try a variety of pinouts.

After a few years the corner power pins dominated and most 7400 series ICs standardized with power on the corners.

It is fairly convenient for routing power on few layers on a PCB by using a grid arrangement but it is not ideal for power system integrity as it requires large loops for the decoupling network. An arrangement where the power pins were adjacent would be better from that point of view as the decoupling capacitor could be placed with very short leads.

These power pinouts only really apply to 7400 series digital ICs in DIP packages or SMT variants of the same device. Analog ICS, ASICs and others such as microcontrollers invariably use different power connections to improve power integrity.

As WhatRoughBeast commented ground connections in particular became more important as the device speeds increased.