Advice for a Solar Charger and Battery Project
To answer one small piece of your question, the component you have linked in your question will not work in the circuit you have shown.  USB power is 5VDC while your calculations show you're planning on a 12VDC system, so you can't just connect the wires directly.  You will need to include a 12V USB Adapter similar to this item USB Adapter.

The azimuth of the sun and roof design are more about installation than component selection.  The factors for selecting the solar panels would be the average or seasonal intensity and duration of the sunlight, and the power generation efficiency of the solar panels are the factors that drive the solar panel selection.  You will also need to consider the charging efficiency of the batteries since some of the power applied to any battery for charging is lost.