I2C: How to adress the second page of a eeprom
You need to take a closer look at the memory datasheet. Figure 6 on page 7 shows the sequences needed to write to the memory array.

This is not compatible with what the i2cset command is doing. This command assumes that the I2C device is organized as up to 256 8-bit registers, where the register address is the second byte transmitted, and the data to be written is the third byte.

The memory device is not organized in this way. You need to find or write a different command that will send the correct sequences on the I2C bus.