What are these types of logic diagrams called?
Figure 1. Simple logic gates made of discrete NPN transistors and resistors.

This are schematics of simplified logic gates built using discrete components. From left to right they are NOT, NAND and NOR. 







simulate this circuit &ndash; Schematic created using CircuitLab

Figure 2. Logic gate symbols NOT, NAND and NOR.

The symbolic representations allow the designer to concentrate on the logic operation rather than the electronic operation of the circuit.

Table 1. Truth table for NOT.

a    NOT
--------
0     1
1     0


Table 2. Truth table for NAND and NOR.

a    b   NAND    NOR
---------------------
0    0    1       1
1    0    1       0
0    1    1       0
1    1    0       0


(edited truth table)