How to make this I2C OLED screen work? (probably SH1106)
I believe that your OLED screen might be a SSD1306 based one, and not a SH1106 as you believe.

Should that be the case, I think you'll be glad to know that there is a library for it (made by Adafruit):

https://learn.adafruit.com/monochrome-oled-breakouts/arduino-library-and-examples

From what I've read, you should also do a small code modification in order to get your OLED display working. It's simple and you can find it here:

http://www.modlog.net/?p=887

Hope this helps you out.