Led driver circuit 3.3v & 5v
There is a few possible scenarios. There are three parts here. The input (ie the arduino, rpi, or battery), the transistor circuit, and the output (the led channel). If you switch them around, you should be able to figure which one is the problem.

If Rpi + Green Transistor Circuit + Green led channel doesn't work, first try switching the led channel. Still don't work? Switch the transistor circuit for the blue one with the blue led channel (same rpi pin). If that works, put the blue transistor circuit with the green led channel.

If that doesn't work, then try a different RPI pin with the blue transistor circuit and the green leds.

That should eliminate any hardware issue. If it doesn't work, then it's likely software based. If the RPI pin isn't set to the right current level, or its the wrong pin, it won't work. Remember the rpi is limited to 16mA max, or less, based on setting. That said,  1k resistor means just 2.6mA at the base of the initial transistor.