Best way to create a daylight charging station and for a laptop of 135W consumption with solar energy and lower battery capacity posible
Your plan is generally reasonable.
Needed current ratings all depend on the voltage of the batteries; I'm guessing that you're thinking of a 12 volt battery, but for a solar power system that isn't connecting to any other DC equipment meant for auto use, you should consider 24 or 48 volt nominal voltage to get more efficient operation and not need quite as heavy wiring. If only 12 volt lead acid batteries are regularly available, you can connect them in series to multiply the voltage (the batteries should be of the same model and all new when installed). Similarly, any panel voltage can be obtained by connecting multiple panels in series.
If you do use 12 volts, then a 10 A charge controller is undersized for 300 W of panels because it can transfer only 120 W of power from the panels to the battery, so it can't even keep up with the laptop. On the other hand, 10 A of 24 V would be 240 W, and so on.
But any voltage will work as long as components for it are available for sale; just remember to multiply your voltage and current to get power so that you're comparing on an equal footing. And don't forget that the inverter and charge controller both have some losses.
And your panels won't produce 100% of rated power all day unless you have no clouds and turn them to face the sun. You might want to expect wanting a battery sized for storage so you can store the energy when it's available and use it when you need it. Laptops will generally have batteries of at most 100 Wh, so at 12 V 30 Ah you have somewhat less than 360 Wh to use for charging, so that's perhaps two charges without fully discharging the battery, which sounds reasonable but I wanted to highlight what you're getting.
Also I would suggest including a &quot;low-voltage disconnect&quot; in your battery-to-inverter circuit. This is a device which will shut off the inverter when your battery voltage reaches a chosen threshold, so that you cannot overdischarge the battery by accident. The inverter likely has its own low voltage limit, but a settable one will help keep your batteries healthy since you're not trying to use the last bit of available energy.
Disclaimer: I am not an expert in this field; I'm just an electronics hobbyist who happens to have set up a similar mini solar system this very week and have done some research accordingly.