What enables the home appliances and electronics to work on single-phase?
how do the home appliances (using AC) and electronics (using AC as
  rectified to DC) continuously function (inspite of periodically
  recieving 0 current)?


A full wave rectifier and reservoir (smoothing) capacitor are used to "hold-up" the voltage during the time that the AC is close to zero volts: -



It acts like a water tank - if the main water feed into the home gets shut down for a period of time, the reserve water tank will keep the home supplied in water until the main water feed flows again.