TLV431 based voltage regulator, possibility of exceeding Vka max. at startup
If you can tolerate using a particular manufacturer of TLV431, then use the On Semi or the Diodes Inc versions, which are rated to 16 V. It's the TI version that's limited to 7 V. I haven't checked figures for versions from other manufacturers. There aren't many parts that have significantly different specifications from different manufacturers with the same part number, but this is one of them.
Alternatives are to use the TL431, which can operate at a much higher voltage. The design would need to be adjusted, as it requires a higher adjust pin current, and regulates at about twice the voltage.
A capacitor shunted across the TLV431 will guarrantee that it starts up from zero volts. Be aware that the TLV431 has stringent stability requirements, so read the data sheet and use the right size of capacitor. A small silicon diode from the capacitor to the input would be useful to ensure the capacitor is quickly discharged when the input power disappears.