Resistor programming of a boost converter, check my understanding?
Congratulations! :-)
It seems that the datasheet has made this easy enough to understand for you to have understood it correctly.  ie yes your chosen values are correct.  

Their wording is verbose but would be useful were it not for an error in referring to R6 when they meant to indicate R4.

They say 


" ... the voltage across R6 is typically 500 mV..."  


but SHOULD say


" ... the voltage across R4 is typically 500 mV..."


This was probably caused by a cut and paste error during data sheet production.
R6 is related to the operation of the low battery comparator circuit and is only involved in the output considerations to the extent that the pullup voltage for R6 may not be more than Vout.

A less explanatory but more concise statement of the values of R3 &amp; R4 are:


R3 &lt;= 200K
R4 = (Vout/Vref -1) x R3


ie for 
Vout:Vref
= 5.0V:0.5V
= 10:1
then
R4:R3 = 9:1