Wiring an audio jack to obtain soundwave signal
This post has a good example and explanation of microphone connections. From the diagram you provide, you have the connection of the pins, but you need to know how these pins are connected to the microphone (in the other tail of the cable).



Note from the image that if there is no cable plugged in, pins 2 and 5, and 3 and 4 are in contact, respectively (see the arrows). Then, when you plug in a cable, these contacts are opened, so you will have the cable contacts in pins 2 and 4 only. But again, the signal in those pins depends on the type of microphone you are using. Some microphones with active electronic components require a voltage while others don't and pins 2 and 4 (in your connector) could have the same signal.

This article has also an explanation on microphone connections. Could be useful.