Printf style debugging via SWD
Yes, its called "Retargeting printf via ITM". its very easy to do with STM32.

EDIT:

You just need write a small "retarget.c" file. The key to this is using the "ITM_SendChar()" function.  Great tutorial here:
http://www.doulos.com/knowhow/arm/Retargetting_a_C_library_function/

I've personally have done this in the past and it works amazing in keil. Keil also has a bunch of tutorials on this. If you still have trouble, let me know