Mid 80's DIP8 and DIP14 Chip Identification
I believe to have identified the chips by elimination based to supply voltages, VCC and GND pins.
IC1 = LM339 or pin-compatible
IC3 = TI5534 or pin-compatbile
I have redrawn and simplified the schematics while hopefully making no mistakes and the circuits seem to become more understandable and sensible:


For now, I won't accept it as answer, but wanted to provide it as potential answer. Should anything change about my assumptions, I will update the post.