decoupling capacitor's inrush current effect on usb filtering
Do read my answer in Output capacitors placement in PCB


  Is using only 1 piece of 10uF at the end of filter instead of placing 3 pieces 10uF for each ic enough?


Yes, 1 capacitor of 10uF will serve all other IC's.
I wonder if you really need 10uF and think you could use 2.2uF or 4.7uF instead. But that depends on cable length and whether the input current of those IC's is high frequent etc.  

EDIT based on new comments
You need this 10uF capacitor to filter fluctuations of the voltage of the USB port as well as act as local buffer for the electronics 'behind' it.
When there is a sudden increase in demanded current, this current will be initially drawn from this buffer (because the (USB and other) wiring has  inductance which makes it too slow to respond to this sudden increase).
The buffer capacitor will make sure the voltage doesn't drop too much.

The microprocessor and the PCA9555 itself hardly draw current.
The total current sourced by all I/Os of the PCA9555 must be limited to 160 mA.
So, if you decide to turn on all ports at once drawing in total 160mA, you may need 4.7uF to prevent the 5V rails drops too much.
But I expect the capacitor value can be reduced.