Fastest way of transferring data from VHDL section to Microblaze processor
Any ideas as to how I can transfer the data in a faster way.


You could potentially use the FSL (or AXI-Stream in newer microblazes), as that is a single cycle "read from FIFO" into register.



But really the question is what do you mean by faster transfers? 

The data is already "in the Microblaze subsystem" once it is in a BRAM that the MB can access.  The processor can only go as fast as it can go, you cannot get the data any more tightly coupled than it already is (assuming the BRAM is directly connected to an LMB), the BRAM access is very quick.  Have a look at the assembly code for the loop in which you are reading the data - there is probably a lot of stuff going on (all of which is necessary if you have the C-optimiser turned on).  

You are measuring 42 cycles per 32 bit read, which sounds quite slow.  Some thoughts: 


Are you processing the data in  the loop which reads it?
Is your loop code in cache, or are you running from some external memory?


In the best case of just reading the data to a register and then ignoring it, you could achieve a few cycles per word.