Charging a protected 18650 cell
The protection circuitry on a Li technology battery is not a charging profile controller. The protection circuit only tries to protect the battery from over voltage, too deep of discharge and over temperature detection in some cases. The web page that you linked to specifically specifies the protection features and applicable parameteric limit.
Protection specs:

Over-current (Activated @ 10A)
Over-charge (Activated @ 4.29V)
Over-discharge (Activated @ 2.45V)
Over-temp. and short circuit protection
Protection circuit designed by Seiko

Devices like the TP4056 are charging profile controllers what you adapt to your system design to properly design the charging process for your selected battery technology. You will need a charge controller for your design.