What is the maximum current needed to power (supply current) STM32F401RCT6?
Table 12 is in the section  6.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings of the datasheet. These maximum ratings are values that, if you exceed them, damage the chip.

Your normal supply currents should be much lower than these values. If that's not the case, your using the chip in the wrong way.

Table 21 are the values you need, the \$I_{DD}\$ should be the total current which, according to the table, should not exceed 24.1 mA. 4) the actual current consumption depends on how you're using the chip.