Low temperature charging batteries
Lead acid (or gel or AGM), but only discharge/use 20&nbsp;% of capacity to avoid freezing approaching -40&nbsp;°C. i.e. go into winter with fully charged batteries.

Liquid NiCad can go to about -50&nbsp;°C.

At Dome A and similar bury the primary spiral lithium batteries > 3&nbsp;m to avoid winter temperatures (balmy -63&nbsp;°C as opposed to below -80&nbsp;°C on the surface). Run on them all winter, and  have 3 x solar panels spaces 120&nbsp;°C for all day solar operation when the summer sun is out to save the batteries.