Schottky diode / Rectifier Diode difference and how to test them?
A Schottky diode is objectively refers to a specific type of diode. A rectifier diode is a more ambiguous term that points towards expected application more than anything else. It doesn't objectively mean anything too specific.

The "rectifier" just indicates it was designed to conduct current in forward bias rather than reverse bias (like zeners or TVS), and maybe that it conducts enough current for power applications as opposed to signal applications.

The symbol for a rectifier diode is just the symbol for a regular diode.