uC Datalogger to GUI for dataprocessing
If you are sending serial data to your computer over serial, USB or not, you just need to write computer programs that can parse the incoming messages. You can refer to books on compiler construction about how to write the parser and operating system manuals about how to interface to the serial interface.

If you need faster speeds, like full USB 2.0 480Mbps you can look into libusb (for OS X and Linux), IOKit (for OS X) and Windows DDK, as well as manual your microcontroller, about how to send raw USB packets that can take advantage of the full USB bus speeds.