Replace ONE 25v 47uf capacitor with FIVE 60v 10uf capacitors parallel?
Polarity?  Use an ohm-meter to find what else is connected the cap traces.  You may find the polarity on one of those.  Ground/Power pours may be recognizable.  See if it is connected to any.  Check polarity on other devices connected to the pour.  -ve side of caps, GND pins of IC's, etc.

The major difference with 5 caps in parallel to make 50uF may not be the capacitance, but the series resistance.  A lower series resistance may do good things (like better ripple), bad things (like instability), or nothing.  Depends on the circuit.

Like you say, the smoke is out so it doesn't hurt to try.  Except that it sent the cap cover flying last time.  So'd I'd close the enclosure or wear eye protection before applying power here.

The cap may not be the only thing that died.  It may just be the most obvious.  But try away - with caution.