Choosing Fuses or MCB in 24VDC vehicle circuit
I prefer fuses to breakers - they both "blow" when a fault occurs and so they should! The trick is to calculate wire thicknesses and current ratings of fuses so that there is no risk of fire and the circuit works reliably. Given that you are building a small electric vehicle, efficiency demands low volt-drop wires to maximize the energy available so, agian I'd say this reinforces the use of fuses.

What does my car use? It's got a small panel of fuses located somewhere and it's done 98,000 miles and I don't recall a fuse blowing. I bought it at 4,500 miles! Yeah I've had the older rogue car that seemed to pop fuses now and then but nothing major.

Diagnosing blown fuses - this should be amde as a simple as possible - if you have several circuits teed-off from the battery you should make your fuse panel accessible and easy to get a meter on the potential offending circuits.

Q) Low voltage battery may not supply enough current to blow the fuse/breaker on a short circuit fault. This is OK - it won't melt the cables because you've got the fuse rating right (well you need to have done this of course). Will it damage the battery - quite likely so you need an isolator to disingage the battery when not being used. What if it's needed to keep some circuits alive - use a low value fuse and appropriate cable.

Something that tells you the battery voltage is useful - a low power/energy moving coil meter will do the trick.