Finding solder pad sizes for capacitors / resistors based on density level
The size of the component terminal is standardised.

It's entirely up to you how much bigger you make the solder pad on the board, but it should be bigger.

There are not 'three different sizes' for the solder pad for an 0805 component (it doesn't matter whether it's a resistor or capacitor). Those three diagrams you have shown are just points on the continuum of sizes from small to big, as suggested by Vishay. More guidance can be got from IEC 61188-5-x.

You want to have sufficient solder fillet to the sides and to the end (toe) of the pad so that you can visually inspect the quality of the joint. Smaller gives you higher density, bigger is easier for beginners to solder.

Note that some manufacturers rate their components' power dissipation when mounted on a particular sized solder pad. This means you have to derate the component if you use a smaller pad.