what are the possibilities for Op amp's power supplies?
All you need to convert 0-24 V to 0-5 volts is two resistors.  The first resistor (R1) is in series with the input, and the second (R2) connects after that to ground.  This is such a common construct it has it's own name, which is "voltage divider".  Look that up, even here on this site, and you should find lots of info.

If the first resistor has 4x the resistance of the second, then the divider will divide by 5 (has a gain of 0.2).  That allows the 0-5 V output to represent 0-25 V input.

The divide ratio defines the ratio between the two resistors.  Since there are two resistor, you still have one degree of freedom left.  Two possibilities for nailing this down is to consider the input impedance or the output impedance.  Let's say the A/D wants to be driven by no more than 10 k&Omega;.  The impedance driving the A/D input is the parallel combination of R1 and R2.  A easy way to get that is to make R2 10 k&Omega;, then R1 in parallel with it will make the output impedance it bit lower, giving you some margin.

With R2 = 10 k&Omega;, R1 would be 40 k&Omega;, so the output impedance would be 8 k&Omega;