Understanding the complex circuitry in supplying voltage to an IC chip
This is a little bit of a special case that you probably don't have to worry about if new to microcontrollers. This microcontroller is interacting with a radio so has to deal with radio frequency signals.  There is an antenna connection there which has components not related to voltage supply in the most lower left.  And this microcontroller has many different supply voltages that must be supplied - most microcontrollers will just have one supply voltage!

Usually just put a 0.1uF capacitor at the input voltage pin near the microcontroller and a larger 10uF or bigger anywhere on the circuitboard and you should be fine.

If you want to get into microcontrollers, this probably isn't the one to start with. But don't let that stop you from playing with NFC or RFID communications with a microcontroller - you can get more easy to use NFC or RFID kits to hook up to with a more basic microcontroller that won't need radio frequency expertise to use.