Using a differential pressure sensor in a mobile phone cover
You would likely interface an analog sensor like that by building a microcontroller circuit to both sample the voltage and then communicate with the mobile device with some communication protocol -- either USB, MIDI, Bluetooth, etc.  Some of these protocols would involve wiring to the mobile device port via the appropriate connector, and others would be wireless.

I wouldn't consider this a beginners project.  

Here's an example of such devices, though they don't use your sensor: https://www.zubersoft.com/mobilesheets/pedals.html