How many sensors and devices can the 5V 1.5A pin of the Raspberry Pi4 supply?
It is safer to externally power the sensors.
If they draw more power than expected that could damage the power control of the Pi.
However, the 1.5 amperes are the maximum you can draw from the pin. Since powering your 10 sensors would draw less than 100mA in total, it should not be problem.
You can't damage the sensors.