Arduino high side driver with up to 30V
Following on suggestions from @dim I propose an alternative schematic:



In this case, if Q1 is conducting, then R2 and R3 form a voltage divider:

Vout = (30 * 3300) / (1000 + 3300)
Vout = 23V


Thus Vgs on Q2 is 7 (30 - 23).

Current through Q1 (Ic) would be only 7 mA so it wouldn't get hot. Current through the base would be about 0.5 mA which is well within spec for a microcontroller output pin.

The NPN transistor Q1 would need to be chosen such that its collector-emitter voltage (Vce) was in range. The 2N3904 has a absolute maximum of 40V, so 30V there (if Q1 was not conducting) would be acceptable. A PN2222 would be marginal (its maximum Vce is 30V) however the PN2222A could be OK (Max Vce of 40V).




  I need the circuit to work with a voltage range from 22V up to 30V ...


The above would be a bit marginal at 22V because the output of the voltage divider would be:

Vout = (22 * 3300) / (1000 + 3300)
Vout = 17V


Thus Vgs on Q2 is 13 (30 - 17). The MOSFET quoted (FQP47P06) should be OK as it has a maximum Vgs of 25V.