Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA) - How to shunt high current spikes?
Since the current will be converted into voltage at the op-amp input I would suggest a pair of anti-parallel 1N4148 diodes which will clamp at ~.7 volts.

Their capacitance is 4 pF and recovery time is 4 ns. Maximum clocking rate is 100 MHZ @ 2 volts 50% duty cycle. Their continuous limit is 100 volt @ 200 mA but it is wise to keep volts and current to 50% of maximum for long life.

Their are tiny SMD transzorbs with a capacitance of just 1.5 pF, but I do not know for sure how many joules they can handle in 100 ns. Their KA rating is usually in the uS range.

The problem with tranzsorbs is they do not clamp less than 5 volts. They are more like back-to-back zener diodes.