Troubleshooting I2C issues of ESP32-POE-ISO with LAN
The sensor can drive the i2C bus at up to 4mA as said in the datasheet. The 330 ohm pullups are far too strong for the sensor. The Adafruit module provides 10k pullups to 3.3V, and level shifting with 10k pullups to 5V. That is below 1mA, so the remaining pullups must only add up to 2-3mA. This means that the PCA 5V side does not need pullups as there is already pullups on the sensor 5V side, but you can put 1-2mA pullups there. The 3.3V side of PCA needs also pullups if the ESP does not provide them.