MCUs which can trigger an interrupt on a port mask
I have never heard of one like that, no.

Normally you would have each input attached to a separate interrupt (pin change interrupts are often good for that as long as you aren't dealing with very high speeds).

All those interrupts can run the same ISR code, which first reads the port value, masks it, and compares it with the mask.  If they match, then it runs its intended code, otherwise it just returns.

Pretty much any MCU with pin change interrupts (or enough interrupts otherwise) would do the job.

Either that or you would use external glue logic (or internal glue logic on those MCUs with programmable logic blocks, like the Cypress PSoC series) to combine the inputs into one single interrupt signal.