Nautical map model navigation lights
I would recommend a micro-controller solution to this as it gives you timing accuracy and easy reconfiguration as well as a chance to learn something new without too much effort. Any analog timer solution such as the famous 555 timer requires several resistors (some of which would need to be adjustable) and capacitors as well as designing some sort of prototype board layout and soldering it all up. Then you have to repeat it for each lamp.

Something like the Arduino board would be a good start and there are thousands of articles and code examples available.

On a side note: you could simplify your timing explanation by using a timing diagram. These are understandable in any language.

  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10 11 s
   __                            __
__|  |__________________________|  |____ Light A
   __    __                      __    _
__|  |__|  |____________________|  |__|  Light B

Or, for short flashes ...
   1   2   3  ...            ... 11  12
   _   _                         _   _
__| |_| |_______________________| |_| |_ Light C


Figure 1. Beacon timing diagram.


  Not every 5 s but at 1 Hz and every 10 seconds ...


You are confusing pulse-width and frequency. One pulse every 10 s is 0.1 Hz (cycles per second) no matter how wide the pulse is. An engineer might describe it as 0.1 Hz with 10% duty cycle. Your more complex patterns are best described with the timing diagram.

One thought if you are using a micro-controller is that you wouldn't want all the lights to blink at the same time as shown in my timing diagram as it wouldn't occur in real life. You would need to offset them slightly and maybe put a slight error into the overall cycle of some of the lamps. e.g. 10 s and 10.1 s.







simulate this circuit &ndash; Schematic created using CircuitLab

Figure 2. The whole schematic for an Arduino style controller.