Can a low current device be damaged by a high current device when in parallel?
Mostly no.

You can construct a pathological case where there are issues: remember that the power rails have non-zero resistance and inductance. If the inductance was high, then sudden changes in current draw from the amplifier, and thus through the power rails could result in large voltage swings.

But this is why we decouple the power supply with capacitors, among other reasons.