SN65HVD232: Will it work if VCC = 5V?
It will be operating outside ratings. May work, may not. Behavior undefined. It may get hot and short your 5V.
Note that your logic levels will be 5V too, so this may damage the part that is connected to CAN1_TX and CAN1_RX.
See if you can replace it for a different part. Eg: TCAN1044
Many can tranceivers are pin compatible. Above mentioned has a Logic Vio, possibly at the right pin, to not damage CAN_TX/CAN_RX.