Burning bootloader on atmega1284 tqfp
Yes it should be functionally identical (apart from the pin numbers, which look correct for the TQFP in your schematic anyway.)
You can use this tool to work out what the fuse values should be. In particular the clock selection should be "Internal RC Oscillator" and the "Divide clock by 8 internally" should be disabled (The Int. RC Osc is 8Mhz.)


Not sure about boards.txt as I don't use the Arduino IDE.

Also I recommend http://arduino.stackexchange.com