Am I reading this MOSFET datasheet right?
You are misreading the graph. The horizontal axis is the drain to source voltage -- the voltage drop across the MOSFET along the high-current path. It is not the gate to source voltage -- the control voltage. You can think of the graph as showing the safe upper limit on the power lost due to the MOSFET's on resistance. It tells you that you should be dissipating well under 1 watt at DC.
The other graphs in the datasheet will tell you more about what kind of on resistance and VDS you'll get with different gate voltages. For example:

These graphs tell you that you need to drive the gate with at least 4-5 volts to keep the on resistance low, and that 7-10 volts would be even better.
EDIT: Looking at the ODrive in more detail, I see that it's driving a three-phase motor with PWM control, so the DC limits on the transistors aren't particularly meaningful by themselves.