RS-485: Error detection/correction mechanism
RS-485 and RS-232 a electrical-only standards.  The same data encoding scheme is usually used on both.  The difference is that RS-232 uses a single wire for the signal with levels below -5 V and above +5 V, while RS-485 uses a differential pair with 0-5 V levels.  RS-485 is also intended to be multi-drop whereas RS-232 is point to point.

You can chose to use a parity bit, or not, on either physical layer.

In practice, parity bits are not used much since they give a poor level of protection for the number of bits spent.  When reliability is important, chunks of data are usually wrapped in packets with more sophisticated checksums, then with a ACK/retry scheme at the level above the packets.