What other connections are made in the motor housing related to the Centrifugal switch for single phase inductive motors
I think the drawing is correct except that the terminal numbers may not be correct. There is nothing else related to the centrifugal switch. There is likely some kind of over-current or over-temperature protective device that would disconnect the motor from power if it opens.

Operation at 60 Hz might have some effect on motor performance, but not likely the problem described. It seems likely that the 400 uF capacitor is shorted.