Is there an industry-wide name for anti-parallel diodes across an IGBT module's collector and emitter?
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In the h-bridge circuit above, if M1 and M4 are turned on current from V1 flows left to right through L1.  If M1 is turned off, the current must flow through "freewheeling" diode D2.  This is also called a flyback diode, because if this conduction path was not present the voltage on L1 would increase sharply.  Mosfets like the one shown do have a body diode junction which will act in this capacity, but they do dissipate power and sometimes do not have the required response.  You can buy mosfets with a separate integral diode (as in the one you selected), and in some cases you may use a separate external diode.







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In the boost circuit above, the switch charges up the inductor, which then has a current path to the load through the boost diode when the mosfet is turned off.  D1 in this circuit is the "boost diode".