Understanding the behavior of my mistake
I agree with "... none of them (should) work...".  The fact that the middle LED works, shows that you have an additional problem with the PCB.  To verify this, modify one PCB to isolate the LEDs. Do this by cutting the common connection away from the plane and the other pins.  Use "external" wires to reconnect the common connection and the other pins correctly (in other words, reverse the connections).  While doing this, you might "stumble" into why the middle LED is not working as expected.  If not, continue the diagnosis until you fix it, then you can redo the PCB, knowing it will work as expected.