How do I use this VFD from Futaba with an Arduino?
These VFD displays are not so easy to drive unfortunately !
They require a high voltage, in the order of 50 V DC for the anode and a lower voltage but with some current capability to power the filament (those are the very thin wires at the fron of the display just under the front glass). To light up an element it has to be pulled down to ground as far as I know.

Have a look at this page where the author shows how to build a clock using some small VFD tube displays. Althoug their shape is different, the technology inside is the same.