Reading data from UMFT200XD or UMFT201XB
The datasheet of TMP102 temperature sensor mentions that

7.3.2 Serial Interface
The TMP102 device operates as a slave device only on the two-wire bus and SMBus.

This means you will need a master I2C device to read data from this sensor.
UMFT200XD-01 is based on FTDI’s FT200XD chipset and UMFT201XB-01 is based on FTDI’s FT201XQ chipset.
As these chipsets have only I2C slave functionality in their internal I2C hardware unit, they won't be able to communicate with the sensor and read it's data by using their inbuilt I2C hardware.
But wait, you will still be able to communicate to the sensor if you do bit-banging (i.e. implementing I2C protocol master behavior using its GPIOs). Read the following from datasheet

Asynchronous Bit Bang Mode with RD# and WR# Strobes. The FT201X supports FTDI’s previous
chip generation bit-bang mode. In bit-bang mode, the 2 I
2C lines can be switched from the regular
interface mode to a 2-bit general purpose I/O port. Data packets can be sent to the device and they will
be sequentially sent to the interface at a rate controlled by an internal timer (equivalent to the baud rate
pre-scalar). In the FT201X device this mode has been enhanced by outputting the internal RD# and WR#
strobes signals which can be used to allow external logic to be clocked by accesses to the bit-bang I/O
bus.

Better approach is to look for a module like this. This is USB-I2C master only device. This device will be able to generate clock necessary for initiating the communication and thus can read your sensor data and you won't need to take the overhead of bit-banging process.