Number of bits relation to data UART
The above consists of 30 bits.


No. It consists of 30 Bytes.


  Will it send it in packets?


This depends on the hardware that controls your UART. Usually it can be configured that way that a byte you write into a transmit register is immediately sent.
Some implementations have a FIFO that you can fill before triggering transmission.
Or a transmission is automatically triggered when the FIFO is full...


  If so, what happens if I keep resending the data, will the fourth
  time include 2 bits from the second time it will send the data?


I don't really understand what you mean, but anyway: You simply write a value (usually a 8 bit value, i.e. a byte) to the transmit buffer/register, and that data is sent once.
There may be implementations that allow re-sending of the same value if you don't change the transmit register and trigger transmission again.


  but how to translate data[] into 0's and 1's?


You may have a look at the ASCII table given here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
Also, this site may be useful to learn: https://www.binaryhexconverter.com/ascii-text-to-binary-converter

Your example text results in the following binary values:
00100000 01001001 00100000 01110111 01100001 01101110 01110100 00100000 01110100 01101111 00100000 01110011 01100101 01101110 01100100 00100000 01110100 01101000 01101001 01110011 00100000 01110011 01100101 01101110 01110100 01100101 01101110 01100011 01100101 00100000 

BTW: You don't have to care about parity calculation when using UART. The UART hardware will do that for you. The sender sets the parity bit, and the receiver checks it and flags an error if it's wrong.