Can I make a peak voltage indicator with a small number of components?
A regular old d'Arsonval AC voltmeter IS a small number of components.
If it has to be a lamp, though, the low-parts-count winner is a
neon lamp driven from the AC with a voltage divider.   The threshold for a typical NE-1 lamp is 60V, but each lamp will have to be individually calibrated.

This kind of voltage tester used to be very common.