USB powered device with multiple Decoupling Capacitors
A USB device cannot present more than 10uF of capacitance when connected. This does not necessarily mean that you can only have 10uF of capacitors, it means that you need to limit the inrush current to that required to charge a 10uF upon connection. From the USB specification:


  The maximum load (CRPB) that can be placed at the downstream end of a cable is 10 μF in parallel with
  44 Ω. The 10 μF capacitance represents any bypass capacitor directly connected across the VBUS lines in
  the function plus any capacitive effects visible through the regulator in the device. The 44 Ω resistance
  represents one unit load of current drawn by the device during connect.


Furthermore:


  If more bypass capacitance is required in the device, then the device must incorporate some form of VBUS
  surge current limiting, such that it matches the characteristics of the above load.


As you probably know, your device is allowed to draw 1 power unit, or 100mA, upon connection without any negotiation.

If I was designing a high power USB device then I would:

A. Live with the 10uF requirement, such as if I'm using a switching power supply or if my VDD is going to be 3.3V

or

B. Use a "soft start" circuit such as a 47 ohm resistor in series with my enormous bulk capacitor. Use a comparator to sense the voltage across the bulk capacitor. When the voltage is within 100mV of the USB bus voltage then have the comparator turn on a P-MOSFET that shorts the 47 ohm resistor.