What is a good camera to use with a microcontroller?
the problem is I can't find a camera with only 1 analog output


A photodiode with a lens in front of it is basically a camera with 1 analog output. 

There are a wide selection of different photodiodes available with different speeds, sensitivities, and wavelength bands. 

Even the average radio shack photo diode will be orders of magnates faster than 30 fps, and you can also find ones more sensitive than you eye with proper optics in front of them.