Can a thermal fuse of a higher rated current be used safely?
In this case Barry partially has the correct answer, now that the OP has updated the question.

A motor can overload in many ways, but a stuck rotor (for whatever reason) needs to have a fuse that blows fast based on extreme over current. So the current rating of the fuse does matter in this case.

A motor can 'slow cook' due to an overload based on cracked or dry bearings or an over voltage condition. Not enough over current to pop the fuse but over time the motor windings become hot enough to burn the enamel coating and now you risk having a shorted motor. This is where a thermal fuse can sense a dangerous situation and open up based on extreme heat-not current.

Normally a motor is on a circuit being fed by a breaker panel, but tripping a breaker is a last resort, as they can only trip OFF so many times before the contacts wear out.

Be smart and take the time to find the right thermal fuse. Contact the motors manufacture and search fuse manufactures for something much closer to the original fuse.

What made the original fuse open in the first place? Check the motor out real good or it may have a problem that will blow the next fuse right away.