ST L4 series datasheet specifications and 1 wire
No, the DFSDM peripheral cannot be used to interface 1-wire (dallas) bus. It has nothing to do with it. It is used to interface sigma-delta modulators only, and the protocol is totally different.

To interface 1-wire peripherals with ST MCUs, you have to implement it in software, but there are libraries that does it already. With a quick search on the internet, I found this (I guess it does not need many changes to be adapted for STM32L4). There are certainly many others.