Issues with 4-bit counter when porting to PCB
At first glance, this appears to be a power problem. It appears that your "5 V" power supply droops to less than 4 V in operation.


Perhaps the power supply is inadequate. So power your circuit from some other wall-wart or other power supply that can supply at least 10 times as much power as you think you need (at least 10 times as much current at 5V). (Another possible explanation: perhaps the wires and connectors and traces between your power supply and the chip's GND and power pins have too much resistance; so replace them with thicker wires and less oxidized connectors).
No matter how good the wall-wart is, it can't do anything about the inductance in the wires between the wall-wart and your PCB. That inductance creates an impedance significantly larger than measuring the resistance of those wires might suggest. You need a "bulk capacitance" capacitor on your board. There are ways to calculate how much you need, but many people just throw on a 1000 uF capacitor on their first prototype -- usually overkill, but not worth trying to find out how much less we actually "need".
"Logic Supply Decoupling Techniques",
"General PCB Design Guide",
"Decoupling Capacitance Design Rules",
"Power Distribution System Design Methodology and Capacitor Selection for Modern CMOS Technology", etc.
No matter how good a bulk capacitor is, it can't do anything about the inductance in the traces between that capacitor and each IC. That inductance creates an impedance significantly larger than measuring the resistance of those traces might suggest. Put a 100nF decoupling capacitor across the GND and power pin of every IC. "Decoupling Capacitors Explained -or- If You Like It Then You Shouldn’t Let It Ring Like That", "What is a decoupling capacitor and how do I know if I need one?", "Decoupling by Example", etc.


Unfortunately, these 3 problems bite extremely often, and cause all kinds of strange and not-quite-working-right behaviors.

(How do we add "decoupling and bulk capacitance" to the Electrical Engineering site FAQ ?)