RF Transmit Power in an ISM band
This answer has been edited to correct a formula and update to a more exact answer that doesn't require thinking about the antennas (credit to @tomnexus for jarring my brain in the right direction).

A H field of 42 dB µA/m = 126 µA/m (in real numbers) and, given the impedance of free space is about 377 ohms, you can take the µA/m, square it and multiply by 377 ohms to get a power of 6 µW at 10 metres. Basically \$I^2 R\$. But this is power per sq metre because E and H fields are volts per metre and amps per metre.

Now imagine the transmitter emits all the power in a spherical pattern so that at any distance, the total power passing thru the surface of a sphere is always the same. At 10m radius, the area of a sphere is \$4 \pi r^2\$ = 1257 sq metres. This means the transmit power is 1257 times greater than the 6 µW (per metre) mentioned above.

Therefore the power emitted is 7.5 mW. 

Again this assumes an isotropic TX antenna (emits equally in all directions). An antenna with gain (such as a dipole with a gain of about 2dB over the isotropic antenna) cannot transmit 7.5mW but 2 dB less.

Specifying a H field magnitude as the legislative limit - there can be no argument about that because it is the (E or H) field that causes disruption to other equipment and specifying a TX power doesn't stop someone using a high gain antenna and causing localized (more directional) problems.

I've also taken a look at the table mentioned in the question. The 42 dB µA/m specified is for the 6.8 MHz band - this has a wavelength of 44 metres and therefore at a 10m distance it would be totally wrong to specify power because a coherent EM wave only begins to form (typically) at one wavelength from a TX antenna.

Note, that at 27 MHz both 10 mW e.r.p. and 42 dB µA/m are specified because 27 MHz has a wavelength of 11m and the EM wave has pretty much "formed" at 10m. At higher frequencies only e.r.p. is specified for reasons given above.