What's the name of this component?
It's called a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The Peltier cell is the result of the Seebeck-Peltier Effect, and is the most common TEG.

The Peltier cell has two behaviours. First is as a generator: a temperature difference in its sides allows for voltage-current generation. Second is as a cooler or heater: applying voltage and current to the cell through its terminals allow for a temperature difference in the cell's sides, giving rise to a cold side and a warm side.