Corona discharge insulation
No,it doesn't work that way. Charge and voltage are two separate things. 10 kV is 10 kV, and whether it results in an arc or corona discharge (also a kind of arc) is irrelevant.

Separation of charges results in an electric field. "Voltage" is one way of describing the potential energy of charges in that field.

Corona discharge and other kinds of arcs occur when the electric field intensity (a function of both voltage and geometry) becomes high enough to strip electrons off of atoms in the air (or other insulator).