Using CMOS IC in a TTL circuit
No, that's not guaranteed to work.



TTL low level outputs are no problem, but the high level may be as low as 2.7 V, and that's too low for a CMOS high level input.



Instead of a CD4000 series device I would use a function and pin compatible 74HCT4017. 74HC is High-speed CMOS (HCMOS), which is the technology most used today, the CD4000 CMOS is really outdated. 74HCT is the same, but with TTL compatible I/O (hence the "T").

Further reading
Logic signal voltage levels