Hearing only noise and ticking sound with simple AM radio - The art of electronics
The 1N4001 diode will never likely be any good because it can have (manufacturer dependent) a reverse recovery time of up to 30 μs and that makes it ineffective as a signal rectifier above a few kHz. If you have other diodes to hand (like the 1N4148 or BAS16 or 1N914) these will be much more effective.
I would also make R1 more like 10 kohm and C2 more like 1 nF to 10 nF.
You cannot effectively drive a speaker from the 741 (or most op-amps) - try connecting headphones via a 330 Ω resistor so at least you might be able to pick up quite small audio levels that you might not clearly detect with a speaker. Or use your PC as an oscilloscope.
Make sure you have a good earth too.

Courtesy of @Mast, here's what page 56 of AOE 3rd edition shows: -