What wireless protocol can I use for my distributed sensors application?
Others have already commented you need to think about your required bit rate for your application. If you need multi megabit rates your choices may be restricted.
BLE and WiFi are built on 802.11, so within that spec you can pair/bond/secure using the globally unique MAC address. 
You could consider using BLE modules (NRF52832) or ESP8266 WiFi modules to implement this sort of connectivity.  

You could also implement a simpler lower performance network such as ANT/ANT+, here you have a much simpler NetID/Key-pair to define your scope and you implement sensor recognition at the application level.
Here you buy a chip implementation such as those from Nordic Semiconductor and have a simple serial interface to the chip/protocol engine. 

Below that level of sophistication you could use something like the NRF24l01+, which are ridiculously cheap as a module. This has a simple 40 bit address field and security is a challenge, but they work well. Going beyond six peripherals requires you to roll your own more....but up to six it's essentially all done at the hardware level with minimal software.

One other thing that may interest you is I've used multiple NRF24L01 on a single coax providing both power and signal (think of 10Base2 Ethernet).