How to design voltage ladder on ADC for non linear purposes
The easiest way to do this (kind of like counting on your fingers) is to set each resistor equal to the voltage of the step. For instance, the 0001-0010 step is 0.05 volts, so it gets an 0.05K resistor, the first step is 1.05 volts, so it gets a 1.05K resistor, and so on.

But you need to learn ohms law!