Microcontroller States
The datasheet (with just 100 pages) is indeed not enough to obtain the details you need.
You saw that sections 4.6 and 4.7 list general information regarding all operating modes and you also find short notes across other sections (e.g. &quot;should be off during transition&quot;).
Search for &quot;S32K1xx MCU Family - Reference Manual&quot; (sorry, could not find a precise link since it requires registration, try this). There you have 2179 pages which provide the details you need for the peripherals and mode transitions.
There is still information spread throughout the document, but you can get the fundamentals in:

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I just want to know [..] how many states does this Microcontroller have?
By states I mean, Reset State, Default State, Normal State, During Reset State, After Reset state and Sleep state?

From the global picture given in this chapter you can understand the specifics for each peripheral: SPI, IC Communication, ADC &amp; GPIO etc.