What is protective bonding (PB) and protective earth (PE) in IEC terminology (fx 60364 and 60204)?
Simply stated, equipotential bonding is the application of conductive jumpers between two or more conductive surfaces for the purpose of placing all of these surfaces at the same potential.  

Earthing or PE-Bonding occurs when the bonded surfaces described above are connected to a Protective Earth or Protective Ground point.  Don't confuse PE-Ground with other uses of the term, such as analog ground, signal ground, etc.  

Any equipment that is energized to lethal potentials could electrocute a user should a fault occur.  By shunting any fault current to PE, the user is protected against electrical shock.  

Example 1:  A control cabinet with a hinged cover contains circuitry that is energized from the mains.  A jumper must be installed to bond the cover to the cabinet to protect the user from any faults in components installed on the cover.  Further, the cabinet must be bonded to PE, either through a separate bonding circuit or through the ground core in the power cable.

Example 2:  Multiple control enclosures are installed onto bolted support structures, which are welded to a portable skid-mounted compressor system, along with cable tray, instruments, etc.  All components that are bolted to their supports must be bonded to a common electrical point; welded members are considered "common" whereas bolted structures and components must be bonded.  Finally, the skid, once installed must be PE-Bonded to a protective earth point.  With this arrangement, each component has a path back to earth to shunt any dangerous fault current.  Also, cable trays are bonded back to earth to protect against a damaged cable that could possibly energize the tray.

The standards I have access to and can reference are:  IEC60364, IEC61892-6, NORSOK E-001 &amp; I-001.  

Another application beyond lethal fault currents is guarding against electrostatic buildup in an explosive environment.  For example, a belt guard that's not bonded to PE could assume a static charge if the belt it's protecting against rubs the guard's surface, creating a possible source of ignition.