What is the name of this wave shaped component?
It's a very high value resistor (maybe hundreds of M to G\$\Omega\$), used to bias the capacitor microphone element. 

This kind of capacitor (aka "condenser") microphone will have low frequency rolloff limited by the RC time constant of the bias resistor and the capacitance of the element. 

\$fc = \frac{1}{2\pi R C}\$

See, for example, this website: