LM317 - voltage limits
This looks good on paper until "something happens". Example schematic from the net with random resistor values:



If this is connected to +58V then LM317 will only survive if it never experiences excessive voltage, and that can happen in several ways:


Input voltage is connected while output caps are discharged (this can happen if there is a loose or intermittent connection).
Short on the output
Output cap too large so LM317 can't ramp up output voltage fast enough on power-up
Etc...


If you put two LM317 in series I wonder what would happen in case of a short circuit at the output. The LM317 which goes into current limit mode first would probably exceed its maximum voltage...

Personally I would rather put a Zener of adequate power in series on the input to drop enough voltage to make it safe for LM317. If the zener gets too hot you can beef it up with a transistor, or use several zeners in series to spread the heat.