Voltage divider with a short, what is Vout?
A correct answer has been given in words.  But you also asked "how is it calculated".

I've redrawn figure 2 for clarity.







simulate this circuit &ndash; Schematic created using CircuitLab

Now, it might not be obvious that this is the same circuit as your figure 2 but, in fact, it is.

Assuming the Vout node is not connected to any other circuit, we can calculate Vout as follows:

By inspection, R2 and R3 have the same voltage across and thus, the current 'down' through each resistor is, by Ohm's law:

$$I_{R2} =  \frac{V_{out}}{R_2}$$

$$I_{R3} =  \frac{V_{out}}{R_3}$$

Now, applying Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) at the output node, we have

$$I_{R2} +  I_{R3} = 0$$

Combining the previous equations, we have

$$\frac{V_{out}}{R_2} +  \frac{V_{out}}{R_3} = 0$$

The only solution to this equation is

$$V_{out} = 0$$

Now, as you gain more experience with solving circuits, this result will not require any calculation at all - the result will become part of your circuits intuition and will be obvious by inspection.