Custom FT232 (FTDI) PCB not recognized
100 nF capacitor is missing on pin 17. It is needed for stability of internal 3V3OUT regulator.

Also, in all suggested application diagrams the VCCIO is tied to either VCC, or to 3V3OUT, which is an internal derivative from VCC. The configuration shown in OP question doesn't follow any of suggested diagram. I suspect that if the VCC and VCCIO are completely independent, internal POWER-ON-RESET might not function, and the chip logic may not start properly. It is highly recommended to follow manufacturer's suggested configurations precisely.