How are microchip transistors different from larger transistors?
what makes a "standard" transistor like one you may find in an electronics store in a bag


You mean discrete semiconductors like transistors and diodes.

Most modern discrete semiconductors are indeed made in the same way, or at least a very similar way, as integrated circuits are made.

Both are made on silicon wafers using photolithography. Most structures aren't "burned-in" but etched or implanted.

The main difference between discrete semiconductors and integrated circuits is the process that is used. A process is like a recipe, it determines the thickness of layers for example. Also discrete semiconductors generally use more "coarse" structures compared to most IC processes. In general "coarse" processes are much lower cost than "fine" processes (like the ones using E-UV).

Also, in an IC manufacturing process we want to connect many components together to form a circuit, this usually requires much more complex wiring than a single transistor would need. For this, IC processes usually have many metal layers available (2 for very simple ICs, more than 8 for complex ones). For discrete components, this generally isn't needed so many of the processes used for this purpose only have one metal layer available. This also reduces cost.