74123 vs 4538 as watchdog timer
"Rad hard" - there is no guarantee that a "basic" chip will be more "Radiation hard" suitable that a more modern one, although smaller geometries and greater complexity tend to be more radiation prone. If you want genuine rad hard parts you may  need to start with a list of suitable ICs and go from there. Re using a small microcontroller as mentioned below - if the uC has its own watchdog, may it not be as suitable? Maybe not. Is it possible to adequately shield a very small core of key components? 



Old iron: The 74123 datasheet here seems to be pretty much a denizen of another age and not at all comfortable at the 10 second range.

Modern alternatives: The MC4538 and variants seems much better suited BUT are probably not the best choice. A number of ICs contain  oscillators and digital counters and can provide monostable functionality out to many hours. 

A better watchdog:  Very suitable in many cases and possibly most cost effective would be a small microcontroller dedicated to the watchdog task. One which itself has a quality watchdog to protect it from falling over would be a good idea. One possible choice, based mainly on size and prices is the PIC 10F series - PIC10F20x datasheet here
 These have power on reset and watchdog timer, come in SOT23-6, PDIP-8 and DFN8 packages and cost from under $US0.50 in 1's.  



Achievable results:

A microcontroller solution can achieve delays of any sensibly conceivable length and complexity of pattern. As an example of achievable watchdog complexity that would be hard to achive any other way - "A watchdog may usually allow say 10 seconds between triggering events but if it was takem to more than 9 second twice in a row or 6 seconds more than 4 times in a row or more than 3 seconds twenty or more times in the last hour it should force a reset."  Not a lot of demand for this degree of ability in most cases but trivially easy for a microcontroller solution.
 Programming is required, but in any volume the net cost of implementation is liable to be lower than  most alternatives. 



The table below from the Onsemi datasheet here provides the useful table below at the bottom of page 12. 

The MC14536B datasheet hereat 1 uS to 23 hours recommended "looks good" [tm].
 it does rather cheat by using an internal digital divider, but cam]=n almost certainly do what you want. Similarly the MC14541

Note that the 4538 is shown as recommended to 1 second but usable up to 10 seconds. The main limitation seems to be leakage. Datasheet here from OnSemi. They say pulse wdths from 1 uS to 10 seconds. Longer for he excessively enthused.