How to read this Microcontroller table?
Below is a picture of the last page of the VERY long Table 8.  I purposely put in the last page because it contains all of the notes, which are very important in a table like this.  The notes are indicated by the small number superscripts on some of the columns.  They add extra information and perhaps caveats to help with the design.

To answer your question, this table is presenting all of the possible connections for the I/O pins on the chip.  The connections are configured by writing registers internal to the chip.

The document you referenced is the datasheet for the chip.  For microprocessor chips, in addition to the data sheet, there is usually a reference manual.  The reference manual gives a full description of all of the internal registers and peripherals on the chip.  This is the reference manual for the MPC5606S chip . In a concise 1344 pages, it provides all of the information you need to understand the names and abbreviations in the Table 8.