Full wave doubler difference and connection of neutral and phase
Actually, I don't see anything wrong with your schematic (assuming that ground connection does not represent an actual connection to earth, and is just being used as an indicator for 'common' in your circuit). 

You should be getting about 650VDC out of the doubler (230VAC in with no load other than a multimeter). As others have said, this is potentially lethal, as is the 230VAC mains, and you need to be taking appropriate precautions and using appropriately rated test equipment. 

Your reversal of voltage sounds like a very serious problem, and I would expect that one or both capacitors will shortly be venting their smelly electrolyte if not actually exploding in your face. Check the bridge connections and capacitor polarities very carefully, and ensure that the capacitors have at least a 400VDC rating.