How to get the correct resistance and electrical intensity for this circuit?
I am not familiar with resonant circuits but offer a couple of pointers.


  Generally, a cell phone is charged with 3.0 - 4.0 volts.


While the battery may be 3 to 4 V, generally a phone is charged using an external 5 V supply. The charge controller is built into the phone. You need to supply 5 V. 


  So, how do I calculate how many ohms should my resistance be and the amps of my electric current?


You can get an estimate of the amps required from the charger supplied with the phone - typically 1 to 2 A. If you assume 2 A worst case then you can make a test load using a resistor of \$ R = \frac {V}{I} = \frac {5}{2} = 2.5 \ \Omega \$. 



Figure 1. A USB power meter will allow monitoring of your charging load. Source: A random image search.

You can also calculate the power being drawn from \$ P = VI = 5 \cdot 1.64 = 8.2 \ \text W \$ for the device in Figure 1.

You will have some losses in the receiver, rectifier and voltage regulator so you will probably require 20 to 50% extra on the transmitter end just for these - and a lot more for the inductive losses.