How do I sense sinusoidal voltage/current on a resistor?
Another reason (apart from being a symmetrical signal) for not getting a reading is that the voltage across the sensing resistor is too low. A 60W bulb at 230V gives 250mA. Across a 0.1\$\Omega\$ resistor this results in just 25mV. You'll need an amplifier, which can be as simple as a basic opamp circuit.  

Another solution would be to use a Hall effect sensor. Not only can the Hall effect sensors do with mV/A losses, but sensors like Allegro ACS711 can handle high currents and have amplification built-in.  



For the ACS711 sensitivity is 110mV/A. For currents like several amperes you can supply this signal directly to the ADC, if you want to measure also lower currents you need an external amplifier.