How can I debug my 555 timer circuit?
How can I debug  ... I see no voltage on pins 2,6 and 7 to ground.


If I understand correctly, those are all fed via R1 so I'd look closely for a dry joint at R1.
Even if C1 was shorted, I'd expect twiddling R2 would produce something measurable at pin 7.

If you disconnect power and pull the 555 out of the socket, I think you should probably be able to test c1,c2,r1,r2 in-circuit with a multimeter.

For example I'd expect resistance between socket positions 4 and 7 should be 1K

etc.