Is it possible to get power from an electric motor using wireless?
Does this motor produce a magnetic field to use as a wireless charger?

No. The magnetic field it produces is almost completely contained inside the motor casing. Some leakage may be detectable with sensitive instruments, but not nearly enough to power an MCU board through its USB port.
A split-core current transformer placed around one of the motor wires might produce enough power, but only if the motor is powered and drawing sufficient current.