What will be the output voltage graph of the following circuit if output voltage is considered across the resister?
Well, for steady state analysis, this is essentially a HPF (high pass filter), so it will only allow siganls with frequencies above a certain threshold (cut-off frequency) to be passed through the capacitor (aka the capacitor will act as short circuit).
There is a simple way to see this, which is the equation of the capacitive reactance

So as the frequency increases, the reactance decreases, aka the &quot;resistance&quot; of the cap decreases, hence it acts as a short circuit.
And there is also a different approach using the frequency domain analysis as well

Quick calrification, the cut-off frequency is the frequency at which the output power is half of that input power, and sometimes is called teh 3-dB cut-off frequency.