Differential Binary PSK (Phase Shift Keying) based UWB (Ultra wideband) communication
Doing your own RF communication at 10 Mbit/s is not trivial and will require regulatory approval, as does any intentional radiator.  Since you are here asking about the basics, I'll assume a full blown licensed or approved RF development is out of your scope.  It would take significant time and money in any case.  I therefore see two options:

Use something off the shelf.  WiFi seems like the obvious choice.  You can buy already licensed modules, and it can support the data rate.

Don't use RF.  You said "short" range, so maybe some kind of light modulation is a possibility.  Light emitting devices can be modulated at these speeds, but detection circuits at that bandwidth will not be trivial.  Then there is the issue of converting the data sliced output to a meaningful and verified bit stream.  At 10 Mbit/s, that will need to be done in a FPGA.  I don't see a microcontroller having enough compute power to do manchester decoding, for example, at those speeds.