Programming MCU with ISP out of board
No. From the datasheet: 


  Depending on CKSEL Fuses, a valid clock must be present.


This microcontroller needs a running clock to program flash memory, it reads, interprets and validates data received on MOSI line. If you program a CKSEL fuse to use external oscillator, microcontroller expects clock pulses to come from XTAL pins, if you don't provide these pulses, it can not function.



Edit:
you can add crystall and caps on a breadboard to program a chip out of the board