Mosfet blows on high load using gate driver
This type of circuit generates a ramp for the gate voltage which causes the output voltage to ramp. This limits inrush current due to capacitive loads. But there is a down side, while the voltage is ramping the MOSFET is operating in linear mode and subjected to stress of V*I. In your case the MOSFET you have chosen has Ciss of 47 nF which dwarfs the 0.01 uF you have added so the rise time will be about 100 ms. So half through the ramp, the MOSFET will be dissipating 441W (21V * 21A).
There is a curve in the datasheet called SOA (safe operating area). At Vds of 20V the MOSFET can withstand 30A for 100 ms. So it possible you have exceeded SOA. It might worth putting a scope on the gate and source to see what the rise time actually is. You could try it with a load that is somewhat lower to see if it survives.