Physical security for exposed sensor
Aside: One of your diodes is the wrong way round.

Short answer - no.  Even with a resistor in series, a Rasperry Pi isn't going to be happy with 220V AC shoved into one of the GPIO pins.  And even with the diodes, the power supply pins are nowhere near protected.

I can't help thinking, though, that the easiest way to defeat your circuit is just to cut the wires.  It doesn't appear to have any way to detect that.