I inhaled some solder fumes for a bit of time
I've done soldering for long hours sometime back and inhaled solder fumes many a time. It is unsafe if you inhale too much, and causes temporary dizziness. However, it never resulted  in any other health issues.

I would suggest taking a break every few hours and go for a walk, if you have lot of soldering to do.

But, for now the best thing for you to do is to go to a doctor and get a medicine for your cold.