How does the output voltage of an Op-Amp swing to keep the inverting terminal at virtual ground in this circuit?
rule of op amp that A is at zero volts

This is your basic misconception.  That's not what opamps do.  It is bad to think of opamps this way.  Unfortunately, we see this and other "rules" too often that are really just something complicated dumbed down by throwing out a bunch of necessary conditions.  That doesn't make the conditions go away, only your understanding of them.  Don't fall for "rules of thumb".  There is no substitute for actually understanding what is going on.

Opamps take the voltage difference between their inputs, multiply that by a large number, like 100,000 or more, and make that their output within the voltage and current capability of the output.  When the rest of the circuit manages the opamp such that it's output tries to be within it's active output range, then by necessity its two inputs will be very close in voltage.  For example, when the opamp output is at 10 V but could go higher if it wanted to, then the inputs are only (10 V)/100,000 = 100 &micro;V different at a gain of 100,000.  100 &micro;V is close enough to be "same" for many practical purposes.

In the circuit you show, the positive input is being held at 0 V.  Therefore, whenever the opamp output is within its "linear" active range (not clipped to either extreme), it's negative input is very close to 0 V.  That the opamp stays in the linear region is only due to the feedback around the opamp.

If you force the two inputs further apart, the opamp will try to slam its output full high or full low.

When you hold its output at a fixed value when it's trying to drive to a different value, there will be a large difference between the two inputs.  This difference is 910 mV in your example.  That means the opamp will try to drive its output low.  However, since you're holding it fixed at 0 V it can't.  It will sink as much current as it can.  What happens then depends on how well the opamp is protected from excessive output current.  It could get hot and blow up, or it could just sit there sinking the maximum current it can, but not being able to change its output voltage.