Long transmission line inductance with SPI
You are misapplying the resistor.

The problem is that the input of the receiving chip has a higher impedance than the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.  Putting in a series resistor at the destination won't help much with the initial problem.  Instead, you should use a shunt resistor to ground.  

If you want to use a series resistor, it needs to be at the sending end.  Because the driver has a low impedance relative to the transmission line, you get a discontinuity there too, and an inverted reflection results.  If you put a series resistor at the driver matching the line impedance, then that is absorbed, and you eliminate the ringing caused by back-and-forth propagation of inverted reflections which is so evident on your scope.

An interesting case is a series resistor at the driver, and a high impedance receiver input without a terminator.  Initially, the series resistor and line impedance form a voltage divider, and only half the applied step goes down the line.  When it gets to the "open" end formed by the receiver, it reflects in phase, doubling the voltage back to the original.  When the reflection gets back to the transmitter, it is absorbed by the receiver.  Gradually the line voltage floats up to the drive voltage, as the situations becomes more like DC than like a step function.