Capacitance and Inductance properties of coaxial transmission lines
The equation which answers your questions is that of the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, which arises from both inductance and capacitance: $$Z_0=\sqrt{\frac{R+j\omega L}{G+j\omega C}}$$

For a lossless transmission line this is simply: $$ Z_0 = \sqrt{\frac{L}{C}} $$



You should also check out the Telegrapher's Equations. They are one of the first steps in to transmission lines, a scary and wonderful topic.