Why does my book's D flip flop differ from others?
"My understanding of a D flip flop is that when the clock is high and D=1, it sets Q to 1."

Not exactly.  The D-FF is edge triggered, so when the clock transitions from low to high whatever is on the D input will be clocked to the Q output.  If the clock is just high, then the Q output will not change no matter what the D input is doing.
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