Buck / LDO combination
Some remarks:

the MP2331H has a max input voltage of 26V: be careful with your &quot;24V&quot; input, that if from  battery may be above 26V during charging. In any case put an overvoltage protection.

You do not specify the power absorption of your MCU, but I think it will be larger than the Sensor (please, provide some detailed info). If so, the &quot;LDO&quot; will reduce thee overall efficiency, because you have a 1.7V voltage drop where you have the largest current. (Note: you do not need a Low Drop-Out because you have room, 1.7V: almost any regulator will work).

You could think of a dual output voltage regulator (I know it means two inductors and two output capacitors ...), but you would be more efficient, you avoid the LDO, and then you have plenty of current on the 3.3V and 5V buses to add other devices later. Some regulator like TPS54294 (mx 18V of input voltage), or the BD9848 (accepting up to 36V), both about 2-2.5$.

Regarding the USB 5V power in, it may be tied to the input of such switching regulator, because both models are wide range and accept 5V (if used often, consider efficiency at 5V input just to avoid to much heating).