Does a correctly sized resistor protect low voltage components from a high voltage source?
You can use a resistor to limit current, this is probably the worst way to do that. Why? Because the current will be consumed as power, in this case it will be roughly 9W that's a lot of power, and a large resistor will be needed.

It's not the voltage that damages resistors it's power. (unless arcing occurs, you don't usually worry about arcing until after 60V) 

The other problem is the voltage will vary if the current varies, this could have consequences for your circuit.

Use a linear regulator instead, or a few of them or a different power supply.