Long distance fishing fleet telemetry
Satellite is the solution. 

HF telemetry is incredibly specialised, requires licenses, and there are not "modules" in the sense you think of. (little pcbs that are cheap)

There are many systems for data over HF radio, both commercial and amateur - go looking in the Ham radio world for Digital Modes where there is much info. Data rates are low.

However, even though your fishing boats may have HF marine radios, they are probably not licensed to use marine channels for telemetry, and would need licensed channels.

You might find it interesting to look at the WSPR low power HF beacon  map during the day, to see how the propagation patterns shift around the world.