Can Computer Motherboards Work Fine Even With A Damaged SMD Capacitor/Resistor?
You've just rediscovered Muntzing.

Quite often you can remove some specific component on a circuit board and the device will keep functioning - but not as well, capacitors being the primary target.

A lot of components are absolutely crucial, but some are there to make the device "better". The capacitor you dislodged was likely mounted in parallel with other capacitors to increase the capacitance near a specific part. The remaining capacitors will "take up the slack" but it might be that you will see one of these effects…


Computer will restart when it's unusually hot or cold
It will not last as long
Random bit-flips in RAM
It will radiate energy and disturb sensitive devices like your Wi-Fi
And more!


You have already discovered one effect. It appears that under load, you can now hear audible noise. This could very well be because other capacitors have to pass more current, and because they are microphonic (which works in reverse too), they can emit sound.

If I were in your situation I would make sure that the data is safely backed up (because any bit-flips may alter data if written out to storage), and then keep using it.