25A USB port blew up a TP4056
USB ports are supposed to limit current somehow.  This can be totally disconnecting power for a while when overcurrent is detected (like a resettable fuse), or current limit.  However, no device should rely on this.

Being able to providing more than the maximum normal current should be OK, as long as the device is working properly.  Most likely, your output wasn't supplying 5 V.  Check it with a voltmeter.

Of course you should have done that before plugging in something that could get smoked by the higher voltage.