How to program ATTINY2313 with USBASP?
I had the same problem trying to program an ATtiny2313 with an USBasp out of the box. The problem is that the 2313's default clock (internal oscillator, CKDIV8 enabled) is way to slow for the SCK used by the USBasp by default. From your error message it seems like the current version of avrdude already adresses this problem and tries to reduce the SCK clock rate, but your USBasp's firmware doesn't support that. You now have two options:


updating the USBasp firmware to a version that allows changing SCK frequency through software
manually reducing the SCK frequency by setting the "Slow SCK" jumper on the board. Maybe this schematic helps you to find it: http://www.fischl.de/usbasp/bilder/usbasp_circuit.png This is what I did. Note that the actual name may not correspond to the one in the schematic. In my case the jumper was called "J1", not "JP3"