Capacitor Shorting in transformer circuit
Congratulations on the capacitor experimenting - it's good to see people trying such things. Ensuring they are not short circuited is a very good idea - but you know that :-( :-) 

You have asked this question repeatedly in slightly different forms.
The answer is always the same - the capacitor was far far far far too small - about 200 times smaller than recommended.   

You MAY have been getting some output but not have been able to draw a spark due to the low output.   

The dimmer may not have functioned at such a low current. 

Using a capacitor from a dead microwave oven would be better.