STM32L4's Temperature Calculation Equation shows improper results
Please review the code and help me.

Will do; less focus on code style than I'd usually do; more focus on the tech side of things, since we're on a EE platform, not on programmers.stackexchange.com:
$$
{\frac{\text{TS_CAL2_TEMP} – \text{TS_CAL1_TEMP}}{\text{TS_CAL2} – \text{TS_CAL1}}}(\text{TS_DATA} – \text{TS_CAL1})+30\,^°\text{C}
$$
Floating Point math
void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc){
   ADC_Value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&amp;hadc1);
   temperature = (double)ADC_Value - (uint32_t)*TS30;
   temperature *= (double)((uint32_t)110 - (uint32_t)30);
   temperature /= (double)(int32_t)((uint32_t)*TS110 - (uint32_t)*TS30);
   temperature += 30;
}

Oh!
So, first of all: double is totally over the top here. Your processor has a floating point unit, but only for single precision floating point numbers, and you gain absolutely nothing if you calculate this in double precision. It's not like you get 16 significant digits anywhere in this formula.
Anyway, unless you know very well what you're doing, don't use the FPU in an interrupt routine! There's a simple reason to that: FPU status registers usually aren't saved / restored on switching contexts on most platforms (and AFAIK, this applies especially to ARM). So, you're mixing things up. Also, the FPU itself can raise exceptions (e.g. when doing an illegal mathematical operation), and you really don't want nested exceptions here.
Do this in fixed point. There's absolutely no reason to use floating point here.
Don't do the math in the ISR
Then, almost none of this calculation needs to be done in the interrupt routine. Precalculate the factor \$f\$ (i.e. the fraction from the reference manual, p.446) and the added value \$s\$:
\begin{align}
T&amp;=
\underbrace{\frac{\text{TS_CAL2_TEMP} – \text{TS_CAL1_TEMP}}{\text{TS_CAL2} – \text{TS_CAL1}}}_f(\text{TS_DATA} – \text{TS_CAL1})+30\,^°\text{C}\\
&amp;=f\cdot\text{TS_DATA}+\underbrace{(-f\cdot\text{TS_CAL2} + 30)}_s\\
&amp;=f\cdot\text{TS_DATA}+s
\end{align}
So that you only need to do one multiplication and one addition in the ISR.
Doing it in fixed point
Note that your \$f\$ might not be properly representable as integer; but always remember that the choice of measuring temperature in °C is arbitrary; you could just as well multiply \$f\$ and \$s\$ with 1000 and have a value in °mC, which you can convert to °C whenever you actually need to – without losing any accuracy, because your ADC nor your sensor nor the natural noise would nor the observed phenomenon even have about 10 bits of information.
Misc
Also, didn't you forget to register your ADC conversion complete callback?