Shorting a DC power supply
Most benchtop power supplies have a current limiter built-in, but there's only one way to know (apart from trying and possibly damaging the device): read the specifications. If it doesn't have any, don't buy it.
There are two different ways of current-limiting. The simple method just drops the voltage but keeps supplying the full current, which may cause damage to your circuit. A more advanced method is foldback current limiting, where shorting causes to drop the current as well. The power supply needs to be reset to go back to normal operation.
More expensive benchtop power supplies have adjustable current limiting.