NMOS bootstrapping without an IC
The circuit in the linked video works because the source of the MOSFET attains a potential of about 12 volts and this lifts the lower end of the bootstrap capacitor to around 12 volts and, because the top terminal of the capacitor was previously at about 12 volts, the new voltage at the top terminal of the bootstrap capacitor is raised to about 24 volts.

The capacitor retains pretty much all of its charge (and hence voltage) because the diode that previously allowed it charge is now reverse biased and cannot extract current/energy from the capacitor.

Your circuit won't work because the capacitor you use is firmly tied to ground and is therefore un-bootstrappable.