Current sense resistor for high voltage
You might want to slap a 1N4148 (or, better, two in series) across the 10K. That way if something were to spark or arc over it won't damage the instrumentation amplifier. A few K in series with the inputs wouldn't hurt.
There's not a lot of reason for the instrumentation amplifier, though the buffer helps because the input resistance of the ADC is not all that high (would load the input about 1.5%).
If you provide an isolated power supply you can add an I2C isolator and isolate the ADC from whatever is talking to it. You may have trouble finding parts (DC-DC and isolator) that are inexpensive and rated for 5kV continuous, so it depends on what the voltage across the isolation barrier will be.