Does my 7 segment display need a bypass capacitor?
A breadboard tends to have high capacitance due to its construction as multiple parallel contacts, and will often act as bypass capacitors for ICs. Transferring to a PCB without adding caps tends to leave some designs not working.

That said, the 7 segment display is just bare leds, and those do not need a bypass capacitor. The ICs you are using will. 0.1 µF caps as close to the VCC and Gnd pins for your logic ICs and the binary coded decimal led driver chip.