Does higher resolution of LCD/LED display mean higher energy consumption for the very same matrix size
Power consumption is a function of many factors, besides resolution. So, I don't think your question is answerable, in the general case.

However, I think it's fair to say that most of the power of an LCD screen goes into the backlight. So as a first order approximation, screens of similar size will have similar power requirements.

But also consider other factors: a higher resolution screen will have more spaces between pixels, and thus, may have less area that's transparent to light, thus making the backlight less effective. Yet, a higher resolution screen is likely to be newer, or more expensive, and may utilize different technologies that improve the backlight efficiency or effectiveness.

Also, especially among phones, many of the screens are transflective. Meaning, they are a compromise between a transmissive display, illuminated by a backlight (works well in low ambient lighting) and reflective, illuminated by ambient lighting (works well in the sun). A screen can't be good at both. A very reflective display can turn the backlight off in the sun, but in low light will need a much brighter backlight because the display isn't as transmissive. A very transmissive display won't need much backlighting in low ambient light, but in the sun will have to crank up the backlight to overpower the sun. So, when comparing two displays, the conditions under which they are compared matter.

Also, a display isn't of much use unless it has something to display. It's a reasonable guess that a higher resolution display is paired with a more capable graphics processor. It may be that this additional processing power comes at the cost of higher electrical power. Or, the higher resolution phone may be newer, or cost more, and thus be able to process graphics more efficiently. Or, it could be that a manufacturer included a higher resolution screen as a marketing gimmick and actually didn't beef up the graphics processing to effectively use the additional resolution in all cases. It's anyone's guess.