Can Type-C device be configured as "Sourcing Device" without Power Delivery protocol?
This is a pretty good question. The USB Type-C specifications gives a vague answer. 

In Section 2.3.3, it describes two functions, Dual-Role-Power, and Dual-Role-Data, which are established upon examining the status of one of CC lines on both sides of a link. The bottom of Page 23 reads: 


  Once initially established, the Source supplies VBUS and behaves as a
  DFP, and the Sink consumes VBUS and behaves as a UFP


Then the paragraph continues:


  USB PD, when supported by both ports, may then be used to
  independently swap both the power and data roles of the ports.


In other words, the initial pull-up/pull-down mechanism always associates USB host functionality with supply of VBUS, and device is always associated with consuming VBUS. Only the additional Power Delivery mechanism can swap the role of data. 

But the following paragraph, p.24, reads:


  Two independent set of mechanisms are defined to allow a USB Type-C
  DRP to functionally swap power and data roles. When USB PD is
  supported, power and data role swapping is performed as a subsequent
  step following the initial connection process. For non-PD
  implementations, power/data role swapping can optionally be dealt with
  as part of the initial connection process.


However, the Specifications do not provide any explanations nor guidance how the data role "can optionally be dealt with" in non-PD implementations.

On the other side, Sections 4.8.3 and 4.8.4, when describing "sinking host" and 
"sourcing device", both refer to mandatory support of Power Delivery if one wants the data role swap.

So, the answer to your question is: in order to support data role swap, both link partners must implement Power Delivery protocol with "DR_swap" function. Sorry.