Can an electrostatic voltage be divided with very large resistors?
The comments so far on your post are good. I particularly like Transistor's:

It won't be static any more.

Let me expand on that...
An electrostatic voltage is a difference in charge caused (normally) by an excess or deficiency of electrons. One object (the negatively charged one) has extra electrons, and the other object (the positively charged one) has a relative deficiency. Both are insulated from each other, which keeps the charge from neutralizing.
When you use one or more resistors to connect the two objects, electrons flow between the objects as a current. They are no longer insulated from each other. Unless you are somehow regenerating the voltage (e.g., by a Van de Graff generator), the voltage difference between the objects will fall. At this point, all the rules you know from EE 101 apply as expected. The resistors will indeed divide the voltage, even while the overall voltage will be falling. The voltage and the rate at which it falls will both exponentially approach zero, following the natural response of a charged capacitor discharging through a resistor, because that's exactly what's happening. The two objects are equivalent to the two plates of a charged capacitor, and they're storing energy in the same way.
Now, in order to get this to work, the resistors can't break down or arc across the terminals, so your voltage has to be reasonable. Using physically longer resistors will decrease arcing through the medium around them. Also, because the system behaves as the RC circuit that it is, you'll want to use very high resistance resistors if you don't want to drain your source quickly.
Also, if you tap into the connection between the resistors to measure the voltage, take into account the current draw of your measuring tool. If you're using very large resistors, your voltmeter will probably draw (within an order of magnitude or two) as much current as the resistor, effectively changing the voltage ratio.
Blowing this up to infinity, if you somehow had two endless reservoirs of charge, your two resistors would certainly work as a voltage divider. This could be helpful, for instance, if the voltage difference between the two reservoirs was too large to measure with your voltmeter, so you needed to divide it down to something more manageable. Note, though, that a resistor divider would not be a good way to get a lower-voltage power source from the high-voltage static charge. The added current draw through the first resistor would change the voltage ratio, just like a voltmeter or any other load in parallel with the second resistor.
Of course, you could regenerate the source constantly... But then you'd just have a generator putting electricity through resistors, and the whole concept of electrostatic voltage is moot, making it much less interesting. ;)