When I rework an SMD capacitor or resistor, it will sometimes stick to the soldering tip. Does this high temp then destroy it?
I can't give you a scientific answer, but I have had capacitors and resistors stuck to my tip and I always use them as if nothing happened. I never had an issue to date.

Also, you are probably looking at the temperature rating which only concern the specifications. That is, it will only really be, let's say 1nF, if it is at those temperatures, but higher temperatures won't necessary damage it. Try looking at the reflow profile specified in the datasheet, or the absolute maximum ratings. I think it only matters if the temperature changes too fast; I don't think that high temperatures in it self do much harm.

Although, this says it might crack: