What is the conventional circuit to control a P-MOSFET with MCU?
The circuit you show should work if the FET can be usefully turned on with -5 Vgs, and the pullup is much larger than the series resistor.

There is really no need for the first resistor anyway.  You could just connect the gate to a 0-5 V microcontroller output with a weak pullup to make sure it is high before the firmware can set the pin to low impedance and drive it high.  Putting the pullup after the series resistor creates a voltage divider that reduces the gate drive, which is probably not desirable.