Matlab Digital filter not working, how come?
Did you try scaling the input and the output?
The documentation of the arm_biquad_cascade_df1_f32 mentions:

The frequency response of a Biquad filter is a function of its coefficients. It is possible for the gain through the filter to exceed 1.0 meaning that the filter increases the amplitude of certain frequencies. This means that an input signal with amplitude &lt; 1.0 may result in an output &gt; 1.0 and these are saturated or overflowed based on the implementation of the filter. To avoid this behavior the filter needs to be scaled down such that its peak gain &lt; 1.0 or the input signal must be scaled down so that the combination of input and filter are never overflowed.

Depending on your input / output format, maybe you can use arm_q31_to_float / arm_float_to_q31.