Can Induced electromotive force affect itself?
The induced voltage across the terminals of an inductor due to a changing current flowing through that inductor is inductance multiplied by the rate of change of current.

It’s as simple as that. For instance, if the current is ramping at 1 amp per second through a 1 Henry inductor, there will be an induced voltage of 1 volt. It’s a cause and effect thing and there is no iterative formulation needed.