Can anyone explain this high-frequency "alien voodoo black magic"?
I think this blog post answers your question pretty well :)

Demystifying RF Circuit Design – The art of Voodoo

In short, the 3 main components illustrated are:


hair-pin type band-pass filter
distributed element low-pass filter (regularly-spaced rectangles 'dumbells')
series LC resonator (the radial stubs off one side of the trace)


See the referring page for details about how they work, and which-is-which.