Light Detector/Identifier circuit using photodiodes
I'm afraid the simple answer (photodiode(s) + a few filters) is no. Identifying flames requires a spectrometer, and even then not all flames can be identified. Google "flame spectroscopy". Some flames are characterized by narrow emission lines, but detecting these will require much finer wavelength discrimination than a few cheap filters will provide. The instrument you are looking for is a spectrometer.

If you can procure (borrow) one of these, you'll need to examine the particular biomass flames you're interested in to see if they have any distinguishing features, but be forewarned - some flames just look like blackbody emitters. On the other hand, neither sunlight not fluorescent tubes look exactly like blackbodies, so there is some hope for you.