Fuse Protection inline with DC Brush Motor
It takes some time for a fuse to blow. A 10A fuse will blow for sure at current of 14.1 A, but when it depends on fuse characteristics.

You would need a motor protection switch (motor thermal switch), like bimetal. It simulates the temperature rise in the copper winding. When cold it can sustain a large overcurrent, but then when hot, it disconnects.

 

you have to make sure that this kind of switch has the same current rating as your motor.