Voltage drop and voltage dividers
An electric field is maintained by some power supply.   Resistors in such a field
move electrons around (according to Ohm's law).   Heat results, and an
energy-determining equation tells us how much heat power is produced.

No electron 'knows' anything except the local field that makes it drift through
the resistor (which direction, what current density, is given by
Ohm's law.).   The voltage, the potential energy per unit of charge, is NOT A PROPERTY OF THE ELECTRON, it
is associated with the position (the node in the circuit) at which
a measurement can be made, and is determined by the electric field in 
ALL parts of the circuit (perhaps in all of three-dimensional space).


  This "voltage drop" is determined by "what is about to come" after the resistor.


Except for arbitrary conventions in an oriented circuit diagram, there is no 'after'
or 'before' a node of the circuit: a simple circuit takes on the same current
in all parts, in a closed loop.   Every part of the loop is 'before'
and 'after' every other part.   All the equations for the elements of the
loop are solved simultaneously, none is 'first'.