How do I control ten lightbulbs individually using one wire and processor?
First, following Paul's comment, you'll need a handful of other components in order to turn light bulbs on and off. I'm not sure of the time and effort scale of your project; for a simple solution you might want to look into these controllable power outlets. You could then get some I2C GPIO expanders like the MCP23017. The nature of I2C allows you to connect many devices together on a bus consisting of two wires, and with the MCP23017 having 16 GPIO each and 8 different possible I2C addresses, you get 16*8 = 128 GPIO controlled by four wires from your Pi (two for data, plus logic power and ground). Each GPIO could then trigger an outlet.

However, this doesn't scale well due to the cost and size of the outlets. For something involving a hundred bulbs you'll want to look into some power relays and control circuitry. But this involves a deeper level of understanding of how these devices work, and more importantly, how to use them safely with mains voltage.