Alternatives to RFID - RUBEE
I do not see a problem with weather, or speed for a standard RFID tag, and I believe that even a passive-tag will work well enough to get to the Query command.  I've attached the timing for a Query and simple response with decomposition of the waveform so that you can reference them in the EPC Global Gen2 specification for the commercial, off the shelf, tags.  You can accomplish the identification in 420uS, but not much else.  



The carrier wave that charges the tag will be the wildcard, and you need 1mS for many systems.  I'm sure that Impinj or Alien or NXP will have some more data on this.