If the anode attracts negative ions and the cathode postive ions. Then why do electrons flow from anode to cathode?
It's not usual to talk about anode and cathode of a battery (or cell) in electroncs, it's more a chemistry thing.
In chemistry the anode is the terminal that is producing external electron current and the cathode is consuming an equal current.

I know that in a battery: The anode is where oxidation takes place (the anode losses electrons). The cathode is where reduction takes place (the cathode gains electrons).


But I am confused why is the anode called anode if it is providing electrons instead of attracting them?

It's called an anode because that's the terminology chemists chose.
the anode oxidises releasing electrons which flow into the external circuit
electrons have negative charge so the electrons flowing out of the anode mean conventional current flowing into it.
The voltage on the anode is immaterial, so I can't say if it's attracting or repelling electrons. it depends on the direction of the current (ie. if the cell is being charged or discharged) which terminal will be anode and which cathode not it electrical potential.

Why do we say Cathode is negative and Anode is positive

We don't. consider for instance the zener diode. and most rectifiers most of the time.

if the former takes electrons and the latter provides them?

Chemists worry about the direction of current flow to determine cathodeness,
but in electronics anode and cathode are fixed properties of the device.