ESD damage due to earth potential drop?
PC components are protected in a Faraday cage.

A sudden charge applied to a metal-cased personal computer will quickly
come to reside on the outer surface of the metal case; this is because
charge repels.  For very short times, a narrow wire (grounding wire inside
the case) may be a flow constriction, but most PC internal construction
includes a grounded metal case around the power supply (which is the
terminus of the incoming ground wire), so the likely place to look for any
transient damage is not the logic board, but the power supply.

A damaged power supply might overstress any and all electronic parts
to which it is connected.  Lightning, nearby, might generate enough
radio frequency energy to put damaging currents into peripheral (USB,
video, etc.) wires, which is why they are equipped with grounded shields.