Air conditioner sockets and mobile phone charging
The reason both low and high power devices work plugged into the same outlet is because the outlet provides a fixed voltage, not power.  Power is voltage times current, and each device draws only the current it needs.  

Think about what is going on when nothing is plugged in.  The outlet is still providing 230 V in your case, but no current, and therefore no power.

The outlet maintains the voltage as long as you don't exceed some maximum current.  There is a circuit breaker in series with the outlet so that the outlet is shut down completely if you try to draw more current than the outlet can safely deliver.

You can therefore plug in as many or as few devices as you want, as long as the total current draw doesn't exceed the breaker trip point.