Pololu step-up converter drops voltage
The datasheet does say 300 mA, but only when Vin > 2.4V. Take a look at the efficiency vs. output current curves for Vo = 3.3V. You will see different curves for Vin = 2.4V, 1.8V, and 0.9V. Note that the 1.8V efficiency curve stops at 130 mA (at 78%). In other words, if you have only 1.5V, forget about outputting 130 mA. You need more input voltage or a beefier converter.

I'm not sure why your battery had 150 mA going through it, but it sounds like your boost converter didn't have the capacity to operate at the load you were driving it at. And why are you trying loads as low as 47 ohms? Most circuits are designed with high Rin so as not to load the previous stage. I suggest figuring out the Rin of the circuit you are connecting this boost converter to and inserting a buffer if it's too low.

I recommend watching this EEVblog video where Dave goes through the process of selecting a DC-DC boost converter. Dave goes through what factors you need to consider when selecting a boost converter and how you should read a converter datasheet.