"Standard" components...?
Here are the types I immediately think of when someone says "diode", "op-amp", ...


Op-amp : LM741. The first "easy to use" op-amp IC on the market.
Diode : 1N4001. General purpose silicon diode good up to 50V blocking voltage and 1 amp current. The 1N4002, 1N4003, etc. are similar diodes with higher voltage ratings.
Transistor: 2N2222. NPN bipolar junction transistor. The 2N2907 is apparently the PNP equivalent.
(Linear) Voltage regulator : LM78xx series, i.e. the LM7805 for 5 V, the LM7812 for 12 V.
Digital logic, i.e. NAND gates and so on: 7400 series and 4000 series.


These are extremely common, basic parts. If you walked into a hobby store and asked for a hundred transistors, without specifying anything else, you would probably get a bag of 2N2222's.

This is not to say these parts are useful for everything - they have limitations on voltage, current, speed, accuracy, and so forth. But if you have to pick a type of component for the purposes of a SPICE simulation, these will work fine.



Edit: For reference, here are the "default parts" you get in CircuitLab:


Op-amp TL081
Diode 1N4148
Zener diode 1N4733A
NPN BJT 2N3904
PNP BJT 2N3906
N-channel MOSFET IRF530
P-channel MOSFET IRF9530
N-channel JFET J310
P-channel JFET J271