Why does this transistor limit the current so much?
Your lamp needs 10 A to be fully on.
So your transistor then needs to be able to conduct at least 10 A. If the transistor wants to conduct more, that's OK, only 10 A will flow as the lamp will prevent more current from flowing.
So the collector current of the NPN transistor needs to be 10 A. All bipolar transistors have a certain amount of current amplification which is called \$h_{FE}\$ or \$\beta\$. This \$\beta\$ is the ratio between collector and base current:
\$\beta = \frac{I_C}{I_B}\$
When you want a collector current of 10 A then your base current will be about \$\beta\$ times smaller. Transistors for small currents (much less than 1 A) often have a \$\beta\$ of around 100. Transistors for large currents usually have a smaller \$\beta\$ of maybe 30 (it depends on the actual transistor).
But you're in a simulator so we can do anything we like. So let's assume that \$\beta\$ = 100 that means that your base current would need to be: 10 A / 100 = 100 mA.
I see that your base current is only 516 uA so it needs to be about 200x higher!
If you want to be able to switch on/off a 10 A lamp with a small current (smaller than 1 mA) then I would recommend using an N-channel MOSFET. MOSFETs do not need a high current at their input. Do realize that MOSFETs do need a high voltage at their gate, it depends on the MOSFET how much that needs to be. Some MOSFETs can work with the 3.3 V you're using in your schematic.