Does differential sending benefit current sensing circuits in the same way as differential voltage sending?
Yes, differential currents help reduce externally coupled noise just like differential voltages do.

External noise sources aren't just voltage or just current sources since they have neither zero nor infinite impedance.  See what Thevenin and Norton had to say.

You say you are interested in signals up to 100 kHz, but failed to mention the lowest frequency of interest.  If you aren't trying to measure down to DC, then a transformer front end on the receiving amplifier might help a lot.  The magnetic field in the transformer is only a function of the current thru the primary.  The common mode voltage of the primary is largely ignored, except for whatever capacitive coupling there is between primary and secondary.  Some transformers have a shield between primary and secondary for this purpose.  You connect the shield to the ground of the circuit that receives the signals from the secondary.  Such a setup can have very high input signal common mode rejection ratios.