Limiting NFC distance between reader and tag
For a door device, the MFRC522(or RC522) are good enough. They have an SPI or UART interface and are used commonly in these devices. However they do not support a smartphone tag.

For reading a smartphone tag, you need a better chip which supports the smartphone NFC standard, like PN532. It works in almost the same way, but supports more types of cards, including phones.