Why does Intel looks so advanced compared to other foundries, engraving fineness-wise?
It's all about size.  Intel has recent revenue of $48 billion and 107,000 employees.

GlobalFoundires, which is a divestiture of the manufacturing arm of AMD, and manufactures chips for AMD, Qualcomm, Broadcom, and STMicroelectronic among others, has recent revenues of $4.6 billion and 13,000 employees.  So it is about a tenth the size of Intel.

Meanwhile, Intel is the leader in R&amp;D spending in the semiconductor industry -- they spend over twice as much in R&amp;D ($10 billion) as the total revenues of GlobalFoundries.

TSMC, based in Taiwan, is in a little better shape (revenues of $20 billion and 37,000 employees) but it spends only 8% of its revenues on R&amp;D ($1.6 billion) compared to Intel's 21%.  So its R&amp;D spending is only 1/7 of Intel's even though its revenues are almost half of Intel's.