What is the 14 pin IC that is associated with an ATMEL 312 24C02N IC?
Since this device drives LEDs and is connected to an EEPROM (the ATMEL 312 24C02N), it is likely some kind of microcontroller.

There aren't very many types of components that would make sense being connected to both a memory device and a set of LEDs. If it were only connected to the EEPROM, it could be something like a protocol bridge to allow a microcontroller without a 2-wire serial controller to interface with the EEPROM (SPI -> 2-wire, for example). If it were only connected to the LEDs, it could be an LED driver, or a simple multiplexer. But some type of controller is really the only thing that makes sense for connecting to both of them. There is a very slim (but non-zero) chance that it is an FPGA or ASIC, but a 14-pin DIP package for these is pretty unlikely, so the most likely candidate is a small microcontroller like a PIC or AVR.

Unfortunately it's nearly impossible to know exactly what kind without finding some kind of identifier printed on the board or documentation for the board (layout, schematic, BOM, etc).