Why is the collector current I_c for a normal common emitter BJT circuit LARGER than that of the Darlington transistor circuit configuration?
Because all of those output transistors are saturated. In saturation you don’t have a linear dependency between base current and collector current. Your current is determined by the resistor and voltage drop across the saturated transistor. 

With the single transistor this drop is ~0.2V. With any of your darlington configurations this drop is at least 0.7V.