Problems with efficiency and heat in a rectifier
My question is if 1700Hz could be responsible of considerable losses
  for this normal kind of rectifier


Absolutely, if you look at a standard 1N400x diode it has a reverse recovery time of 30 us - this means that when the diode goes from forward conduction to supposedly reverse blocking, it actually takes 30 us: -



Some 1N400x manufacturers are better than others of course and some data sheets don't even specify it.

So, it's acting as a short for 30 us every half-cycle of the power frequency.  Given that 1700 Hz has a cycle time of 588 us, a 1N400x rectifier would be wanting to short the supply (straight after the zero crossing point) for 10% of the half-cycle time. So, 10% of 180 degrees is 18 degrees and your sin wave will have reached 30.9 % of its peak negative voltage value and of course, the diode will still be trying to short out that supply.

Your rectifier does not quote reverse recovery time but it does say it's intended for 50/60 Hz applications and this usually means it has a poor reverse recovery time and I would bet it's in the tens of microseconds just like the 1N400x diode.