Using Belkin 6-Outlet Surge Protector in Morocco without a Converter
The surge protector itself is what has failed, ones intended for 120V supplies will conduct at typically 200V or so. It's a little component with a resistive element that changes with voltage, so it conducts momentary overvoltages to limit what gets to the equipment. Most likely after plugging it into the 220V supply, if it didn't manage to take out the fuse first it will have either exploded or melted its connections - they're only intended to conduct for milliseconds.

As to whether the strip is still safe to use, it will depend on what debris is now present inside the housing.