Nrf24l01 module works on breadboard but not on pcb
Wireless modules with a built-in antenna are intended to be mounted such that the antenna sits on the corner or on the edge of the PCB.  You have placed the module in the middle of the PCB, and the metal in the PCB obstructs the antenna.

The datasheets for modules which have a built-in antenna usually have a recommended PCB layout.  (For example, p.10 in this datasheet or p.23 in this datasheet.)

Your breadboard design didn't obstruct the antenna, so it had a better range.