What is the type of these caps?
They're just axial ceramic capacitors. They used to be quite popular and I've used them in some designs, some (many) years ago. 

You can replace them with (preferably) NP0 or X7R (if you can't get NP0 in the right value and voltage rating) ceramic capacitors. Axial leaded parts are still available from disties, though without the nifty color codes. 

But if they're not shorted they're probably fine and I would suggest not messing with them.