Identify black component in Gopro 3 silver
They're surface-mount inductors. The one below the red square is cracked slightly, and you can see a bit of the windings.

If the schematic matches your board -- which I'm not sure it does; that's an application note, not the final schematic of the GoPro -- those three inductors probably correspond to L1, L2, and L3 in the schematic.

This sort of cracking is not unusual for surface-mount inductors. It is often the result of mishandling, and does not affect the function of the part. Given that the board was exposed to overvoltage, it's likely that the real damage is elsewhere.