How to use ordinary voltage regulator from a high fault current source?
If it "explodes" you're doing something horribly wrong. That part is basically an LM7805. 

Perhaps put a 2A fast-blow fuse in series with the input to protect the wiring (and check the connections- perhaps you have them reversed).

If you're using it in a car, that's a different matter, there are transients on a car electrical system that need to be protected against. A small wirewound series resistor (eg. 1 ohm 5W) and a hefty 14V TVS (eg. 3000W) would help with that. 

And don't forget a capacitor on the input, and preferably one on the output (something like 47uF/25V would do for both). 







simulate this circuit &ndash; Schematic created using CircuitLab