Could I connect USB wires to this mysterious device?
It is a BT2.0 + EDR Slim Module similar to FCC ID MSQBT183 (Use the FCC OED ID Search for photos and some documentation). It has Implement 802.11 coexistence solution by AFH (Adjacent Frequency Hopping), WCS (Wireless Coexistence System), and Bluetooth Priority. The FCC documents show a similar board without the usb points labeled, but that's most likely just a revision difference. Your pictures show BT183 Rev 1.33. So I'm 99% sure this is an Asus BT-183 module.

Hannstar is a OEM manufacturer which builds products by OEM design, like Foxconn. As such, the product is probably under NDA and they will not provide any information.

The MAC label on one side is the Bluetooth Mac address, like a ethernet or wifi mac address, it's a pre-progammed globally unique hardware identifier number.

The extra wires are likely for the Bluetooth activity light, a bluetooth on/off switch, the 802.11 coexistence features and who knows what else.

That said, as long as you provide 3.3V for the VCC instead of 5V, and connect a usb cable to the appropriate test points labeled D+ and D-, it should be recognized by your computer, provided you have the drivers. Once it is recognized, find the USB VID/PID pair, and look for a driver based on that.

Frankly, a 3 dollar ebay mini bluetooth adaptor is easier