ESP32 randomly dies after 10 minutes use
I had the same issue, with the SMD version of the ESP, during prototyping. Since I started using ESD mats, and ESD gloves, I dont see my ESP's dying :-)
What I observed as Stage 1 was random serial characters, and then within few hours, esp would be dead. No Flashing either! Obviously I was touching them with my bare hands, on a carpeted floor. I took 2-3 days to research and learn ESD protection circuits.
Additionally, the schematics you posted are very blurry, but since it works and dies off, I would presume, a power failure/transient coming from ESD most probably. I didnt see any protection on Tx and Rx line of your esp32.
Esp32, I believe is only rated for 500V, and human body can at a minimum, even to feel a ESD discharge requires 3kV, which makes ESD protection more or less mandatory on esp32. Look at the dev board schematic and they have it on there, on power, D+ and D- lines.