How to amplify 3.3V to 10V by using an NPN transistor? How to select resistor based on current, how does the amplification happen?
As another answer says, you can't get it with your proposed design. You need a source of 10 V. But you can get that by adding a single additional resistor:







simulate this circuit &ndash; Schematic created using CircuitLab

Now when IN is high, you'll get about 0.2 V at the MOSFET gate. And when IN is low, you'll get about 10.4 V at the gate. 

There is a trade-off here. You can adjust the values of R1, R2, and R3 up to reduce the quiescent power consumption of the circuit. Or you can adjust them down to reduce the transition time of the FET between its on and off states. The FET likely consumes much more power when transitioning between states than when fully on or fully off, so if the transition time is too long it could burn itself up.