Does this prototype match the schematic?
Lessons to be learnt:


to make it neat, like the logic diagram is neat
to make neat placement of parts.
to connect the dots.
to correct your own mistakes.
to learn that not all DIY kits are best way to do things.
any of these parts will the same or better job. 
if the schematic doesn't follow global conventions of left to right (even in Asia) , worry about the experience of the designer.


That circuit  provides a DC current shunt to an AC rectified source and series load from a 24Vac furnace transformer.  All it has to drive is a logic driver to activate the furnace, the same way a reed relay might work.

My suggestion is use an opto-isolated triac for small signal currents.  There's many other solutions.

It is better to learn good layout methods to make look like the schematic on a PCB with focus on tight signal loops and heavy power and ground paths with decoupling caps.

It's much quicker to learn how to research how something works than to figure out your mistakes why it doesn't work ( if you designed and built it yourself) yet you won't forget when you experience the pain of the process of learning by trial and error.

Look for an old EE Design magazine 1 page articles that describes in detail how reader design suggestions work.  (available at archive.org)  Start from the 1960's and move up.

Look on the web at  Breadboards and note how many details you can spot that makes it satisfy or not, all the above lessons.

e.g. https://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-use-a-breadboard/

Bottom Line: Research your technology to find how it’s done and try to understand why things are done a certain way,rather than guess.

As posted in comments below my answer I guess the application. Of your circuit wrong, but if you follow the link, you will see there I followed by own advice above and analyzed the application is either for PWM or Manchester BiPhase insensitive to polarity which when used on untwisted pairs will be greatly affected by noise interference. The half duplex nature and method of single wire encoding for each direction was explained .  Good luck.