Choosing a resistor for connecting a bipolar transistor
To answer this question, I'm going to assume you're driving something like LED strips, as simple LEDs ussually consume &lt; 20mA of power, these days even just a couple milliamps is very common. These simple LEDs require a series resistor to limit the current across them. On the other hand, LED strips or other high power LED based devices like LED lamps are designed such that the full voltage can be placed across them without any current limiting to need to be taken into account. So, for this answer I'm assuming you just need to transistor to be able to drive at least 190mA.

Bipolar transistors act as current amplifiers: They amplify a current going into the base by an approximate value (called beta or hFE). This amplified current is the current going through the collector. So what you want is for the base current multiplied by beta to be greater than or equal to 200mA. To get a good idea of what the beta value is, you can search for it on your data sheet, in this case they call it hFE. You generally want to be using the minimum value in your calculations as the beta value can vary quite a lot. In this case, the minimum beta is 20, so you want to be passing at least 200/20 = 10mA into the base.

First, you should check that the Arduino digital IO pins can source 10mA. A quick google (and a double check with the data sheet) reveals that they in fact can go all the way up to 40mA, so you're in luck. The base of a bipolar transistor when it's on will have approximately 0.7 volts across it, so the total voltage over any resistor connected from the 5V output of the Arduino to the base with be 4.3V. So the biggest resistor you want to use is about 4.3V/10mA = 430 ohms. 

So your desired resistor value of 2.2K is much too large: you need at most 430 ohms. It's recommended you go a fair amount smaller than this as the beta value drops as voltage across the transistor drops, so something like 220 ohms would be a good number to be using. Now of course you're pulling even more current out of your Arduino pins, but with a maximum of 40mA you should be okay.  

Now the other issue that arises is the maximum current value of your transistor. Using the transistor so close to it's maximum rating is probably dangerous and a new transistor should be chosen with a maximum rating maybe twice that of the LED strips (so 400mA or greater). It's always good to avoid runnning things right near their maximums. 

Lastly, you may want to look at power MOSFETs rather than bipolar transistors: MOSFETs are controlled by a voltage rather than a current, so you don't need to worry nearly as much about the sizes of the resistors or the current draw on the GPIO. In fact, I had this exact issue some time ago working with LED strips, I was trying to draw 500mA with similar transistors and this just wasn't working due to having to draw too much current from the GPIO and, and not having a high enough beta value. I decided to switch to MOSFETs, and these ended up working much better for my application.

EDIT: A note on transistor saturation.

As the voltage across a bipolar transistor drops, the beta value of the transistor drops along with it so that once saturation (the region of operation where there is only a small voltage drop across the transistor) is reached, the beta may be half of what it used to be or less. Here's an example graph taken from a different transistor data sheet, as the one you selected doesn't have the required curves.



Note that at high current, in order to lower the voltage across the transistor from 1 volt to 0.25 volts, it's required that the base current be doubled, despite the same collector current flowing. This is because the beta value is decreasing as the collector emitter current is decreasing. Without the given graphs, this is a difficult effect to try and put into calculations which is why I recommended halving the resistor value found however other estimations can be used as well such as assuming a common beta of around 10 as some comments have noted (which should come out to approximately the same value of resistance).

The main reason to lower the voltage across the transistor is mainly to just make sure near the full voltage is being applied across the LEDs, but also to prevent the transistor from dissipating significant power: regardless of the current the data sheet claims, if the power rating of the transistor is too small you won't be able to achieve this level without cooking your transistor. For this reason it's important to look at the maximum power dissipation as well, look at the expected voltage drop across your transistor, and make sure the power doesn't exceed this value (again it's smart to make sure to stay a fair ways away from the maximums). The beta value also changes with temperature as well, and so minimizing the temperature changes is also quite important, which again requires minimizing the power dissipation.