Finding value of feedback capacitor in a photodiode amplifier
Lets approach this (stability) question another way.

The photodiode has some capacitance. That Cdiode in conjunction with the feedback resistor, forms a delay and also a phaseshift and a pole.

1) the circuit already is inverting, thus provides 180 degrees

2) the Cdiode + Rfeedback is another 90 degrees (above some frequency)

3) the opamp provides another 90 out near its Unity Gain BandWidth

4) the opamp will have less than 90 degrees phase margin at its UGBW, thus an extra 10 or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 degrees phaseshift (delay) you don't want

5) however, there is a (useful, in your favor) parasitic capacitance across the Rfeedback, inside the resistor and between the solder terminals and between the solder pads on the PCB

If you can quantify  these, and you chose a phase margin for the acceptable overshoot, then you can compute the (extra, lumped) Cfeedbach to compensate.