How to measure air dust/particles in kitchen?
The quantity of random dust particles is inversely related to the size of the particles from what I have experienced using a Royco 16 channel Laser particle counter.   "10 µm diameter has approximately the same mass as 1 million particles of 100 nm diameter, but much less harmful" ... Wiki 

The $?k Royco uses a controlled flow and lesser shear wind-tube speed to deflect the particles onto 16 spaced detectors in a linear array to count the particles with a laser deflected onto a PD method.  Air flow is scaled by the counts to measure in particles per cubic foot. Class 10 is &lt; 10 ppcf &lt; 0.5um which it can easily measure both smaller and larger in octave ranges. They use a certain latex dust to calibrate this instrument for this inverse quality and quantity.  I suspect this is way outside your budget.

I suggest you adopt the Sharp sensor and flow control mechanism.  Then experiment with other emitters using UV LED's.  IR is more sensitive to their detector, so other detectors may also be needed.  Consider that the definition 10 micrometers or less is PM10 uses IR wavelength of ~0.86 micrometers or about 12x the IR wavelength you will have to consider UV LED emitters and detectors to improve detection of smaller particles.