Sending debug information from MSP430 to CCS Console
If you have functioning JTAG connection, you can use the CCS built-in debugger for all your debugging needs. 

Just store your debug values in an array and optionally set up an "if" clause with __no_operation() 
for a breakpoint to check what's going on periodically. Or just pause execution after you come back and see the collected data.

Alternatively, instead of using the memory hungry printf to stdout, you can write to stderr with fprintf. It's by far slower and uses no buffering but for periodic status reports it may be enough.