Communicating with devices from PC
There are USB to gpio/spi/i2c bridges out there that do a fraction of what you want. FTDI makes them.

But what you really want is a microcontroller. Like the arduino uno or higher power arm or cortex or other types of microcontrollers or System on chips. You then program the features you would control from the computer.

An alternative is the Raspberry Pi and it's clones or superior copies. These are full computer system on chips intended for hobbyist gpio control.