What is the main Computer Memory Addressing Mechanism for Semi-Conductor Memory?
There are many types of memory (even when you limit the type to semi-conductor memory and not spinning disks types) within a computer.

Generally latches, registers, cache memory are all SRAM based and output signal levels that are compatible to the surrounding logic.  You can consider them to be part of the logic so there is no special techniques used in accessing them.  Consider them to have built in logic buffers at the transistor level.

Other types of memory like DRAM , Flash RAM etc. which operate on stored charge have to have intermediary circuits between them and the reading/writing circuits. The signal is present as very small charges which are read directly or is used to parametrically shift an operating point of a read transistor.  These circuits are called sense amplifiers.  One simplistic but close view is that the buffer amplifiers mentioned above are moved to the periphery and then reused for every circuit thereby reducing the total amount of circuitry used.