Current loop measurements with MCU
Your circuit looks OK. At 20 mA you will have 20 mA x 130 ohm = 2.6 V on your ADC input which is within range. You could even increase R1 to increase the sensitivity of your circuit.

You do need to be very careful that R1 can't become disconnected as the current source output will then rise to 24 V DC and destroy your microcontroller.