Regulated power supplies - how do they work?
Switching power is noisy, there's no doubt about it - typically anywhere from kilohertz up to the megahertz range, both CM and DM.

I also think you're getting your terms mixed up. I presume you meant to say transformer and bridge rectifier, not Wheatstone bridge.

You can use a switcher to feed a 317 regulator and get the benefit of cleaner output and less efficiency loss than a fully linear solution (mains frequency transformer et al)

A 317 is active and will reject ripple as a function of the voltage feedback network controlling the series-pass transistor in the device.