"Digital Clutch" For Electric Motor
You probably need a variable frequency drive (VFD) with a three-phase induction motor or permanent magnet synchronous motor (AKA brushless DC motor). The motor will not be available with a 110 V rating. You can get VFDs that will convert 110 V, single-phase to 230 V, three-phase. However, the features that you need, may be available only in models that are designed for 3-phase input.

It seems that you want to set a maximum torque based on your knowledge of a particular load. If the operating torque reaches the set limit, power to the motor must be instantly electronically cut off as if disengaging a mechanical clutch. There are many VFDs on the market that can do that. For the best performance, a motor shaft speed/position sensor may be required, but there is a good possibility that you won't need one.

You need to investigate the reputations of VFD suppliers in your area. Local support is valuable. There are a number of VFD manufacturers that are known throughout the world. The best ones have technical literature that explain the capabilities of their products. Find ones that have good support in your area, download their literature and study it.