Can we represent circuit with only text?
We call this a "netlist", but generally don't edit it directly as text

It is possible to represent a circuit as a serialized text representation, versus the graphical schematics we normally use.  The traditional name for this is a "netlist", as it is a list of components and the nets (nodes) that connect them together.

While there are a wide variety of formats for netlists as schematic capture tools generally save and load netlists instead of graphical images for compactness and portability reasons, the most commonly encountered netlist format is the one originally developed as part of Berkeley SPICE and extended several times as SPICE-based simulators became widely used.  An example of a trivial SPICE netlist (although I have not actually simulated it) for a loaded voltage divider can be found below.

Loaded Voltage Divider Example
* Note that Node 0 is *always* ground in SPICE
Vsrc V+ 0 DC 12
R1 V+ Vout 20K
R2 Vout 0 10K
Rload Vout 0 51K
.end