What concepts in programming are useful in Electronics Engineering?
Here are some suggestions (with Wikipedia links) from my own experience doing both programming and hobby-level electronics engineering:


Assembly code (frequently encountered in microcontrollers)
State machines (a programming pattern aka finite state machine (FSM) which can be used in designing logic circuits as well as higher level applications)
Bitwise operations (working with bits is equally useful in programming and electronics)
Truth tables and boolean algebra Useful for arranging logic gates in electronics as well as working with multiple booleans in code.