Resistor in series and capacitor in parallel to ground
The resistors are not for current protection, but rather for noise filtering.  Each resistor with its associated capacitor forms a low-pass filter on the supply line.  10 ohms with 10 uF will give you a cutoff frequency of about 1.6kHz.  This will help the op-amp (assuming this is an op-amp) reject any high frequency noise on supply and keep it from getting to the output.
Most op-amps have pretty good power supply noise rejection already, but it tends to get worse at higher frequencies.  The 10uF caps are OK here, but I would think about putting some 0.1uF caps in parallel with them in order to help with high frequency decoupling.
As for current protection, most op-amps have built-in output over current protection, so you can easily check to see if your amplifier does as well.