Will My Electronic-system survive? // No Proper Grounding on factory Floor
Warning: I'm not an electrician so take the following with a big pinch of salt.

Lack of ground is a severe danger. If a metal case is not grounded, and a live cable touches it, the case is then at live potential. Ground mitigates this in two ways: the above scenario will cause a large current to earth, blowing a fuse. Or better yet, with an RCD device, just a small current will trip it.

Many configurations of ground are used depending on country, supply, and installation. At some point, somewhere, AFAIK ground and neutral are connected. If properly installed, it might be acceptable to create your own ground by connecting to neutral. I know this will get a negative vote, unless I say that this is conceptual only and really, really needs to be determined by a qualified electrician. But in principle, it's how an otherwise non-existent ground could be established. Saying that, it is a BAD idea to randomly go around connecting earth to neutral. One reason among many is neutral may not actually be at true ground potential.

Power surges: this is a different issue. You can get power conditioners that you use between the supply and installation. But what you use depends entirely on the kinds of surges you're experiencing. Firstly your energy  provider should have a guarantee of minimum supply quality. Use that to determine what protection you need.

Finally, each piece of equipment you use should have adequate protection and failure handling on a per-item basis so none can cause, or be susceptible to line fluctuations. If some equipment is causing problems, it may need repair. Otherwise, some form of isolation will be needed but this could be complex and expensive, and it's most likely to be better all round to just get a better unit.

Your SMPS is not rated for the supply voltage. It will probably quickly die and very possibly become very dangerous. Also - connecting case grounds together could be as bad as disconnected - if there's a fault, as I describe at the top, the case could become live.