How can I connect multiple 24LC04B's on the same I2C
The datasheet I checked (Microchip) explicitly states that the A0-A2 pins are not connected, hence there is no way to have more than one such chip on a pure I2C bus.

You could restore to tricks like using two separate (bit banged?) I2C busses - the I2C protocol is not that complex - or swithing one or both of the lines, using some other GPIO pin. That could be as simple as a few resistors and maybe a diode, or as complex as using a dedicated IC.