How to check a 433Mhz module on an Arduino
I see this is 2 years old, but...

You young folks do forget  your ears. The output of the receiver is an analog Audio output (definitely limited to something like 4 kHz.) There your ears are sensitive! Take a headphone, look for a high-ohm one (the impendance), but still add a series resistor of some kohms, and connect that to the receiver output (between GND and OUTPUT). 

And then listen. Without Transmitting signal you should hear random noise, With transmitter ... the transmitted signal, whatever it is like.

Good luck!