Convert Electret Microphone output to digital data for transmition
Get off you idea of "WITHOUT any special parts". An electret microphone will output a low level analog signal when some bias current is applied to the part via a resistor from a supply voltage. That low level signal then needs to be amplified to some level that is compatible with the analog to digital converter that will be used to produce the 1's and 0's that represent the analog signal level in real time. 

Already there are quite a handful of specialized parts just to get off first base with what you think you want to do. If you do not want to have to build all that then maybe you want to look into a USB or BLUETOOTH microphone that already has the essential components in place. Such unit will be spewing out the  1's and 0's in packets of data suitable for transmission to the target connected device.