No output being measured on transimpedance amplifier
The way you're checking your circuit is not appropriate. The dark current specified in the datasheet is for 20 V reverse voltage applied. However your circuit does not reverse bias the photodiode.

The datasheet shows typical dark current vs reverse bias:



With no reverse bias, you should expect 0 dark current, as in any other diode with 0 V applied.

You need to test your circuit with some light applied to the photodiode. An input signal on the order of 10 to 100 nW (depending on wavelength) should produce a measurable output signal. Be aware that your photodiode has a strongly directional response, and the input light must be entering from nearly "straight on" to be detected. This will limit your ability to detect diffuse reflections.