I need some help calculating values for a variable 555 oscillator circuit
The 10ohms is the problem. This resistor determines the discharge time for the capacitor. The problem that you have is that this time is so fast that you will not see any change of state in the output. Try a much larger value (e.g. 33k with 200k R1) and see if your circuit works. You will still only see a very short flicker. For the frequencies that you are producing a speaker or oscilloscope would be better for detecting the oscillation.