What's wrong with joule thief circuit?
I think the toroid winding shorts the power supply as it happens with my buck converter.


The toroid should not be connected so that it shorts the power supply.  If the red and black wires are going to the battery, then you've wired it wrong.  What you have in the photo doesn't match the circuit diagram.

I can only guess as to which lead from the transistor is which, but there should be no point where any wire from the toroid connects to the battery negative lead.