Can I use a point-of-load converter for providing USB power?
Yes, that module should be fine for powering USB. Volts are volts and amps are amps. Things to think about:


Many small power supply modules have a minimum load, below which they may become unstable.  The one you linked doesn't, but there is a note in the datasheet that noise may be worse at low loads, so if you can spare some current you might want to add a resistor across the outputs.
This particular module has a decent amount of ripple even at higher loads, so a filtering capacitor might be a good idea - I can't remember what the USB spec requires in terms of ripple.
A capacitor on the input might also be required, depending where you're powering it from.