Which one is better as voltage divider: resistive, capacitive , low pass filter,...?
There are basically two types of attenuator I would consider and these can be combined in a couple of ways: -




(A) is used because it offers simplicity with the ability to design
it to suit the driving source and what it interfaces to (centre tap).
(B) is used when you want to "ratio" down an AC voltage whilst not
being concerned with the DC levels but for it to work reasonably at
low frequencies the capacitances need larger values than for RF
signals.
(C) is a combo of A and B and gives you a broad frequency range of
constant attenuation from DC to RF
(D) I used once for monitoring the output of a high voltage dc power
supply - the main top element of the resistive part of the divider
was tens of Mohms and due to its size and proximity to high voltage
switching circuits picked-up a lot of noise. Adding caps in the same
impedance ratio as the resistors was a beginning but the potential
for high currents through the capacitors was a worry so resistors
were added in series. Because the voltage divider was used as part of
a feedback element controlling the high voltage I had to make sure
that what was measured was translated accurately else instabilities
might occur and at 50kV it didn't need much instability to destroy
circuits. The extra resistors in series with each cap also served to
limit currents into the op-amp that the "centre-tap" connected to.


This is just a snap-shot of probably many more techniques.