3.3 to 5V logic translator followed by a long cable
The TXB has automatic direction sensing, which implies that its I/O pins do not behave like those of normal CMOS devices.
TI's TXB application report says:


  We call the TXB-type translator "weak-buffered", because it is strong enough to hold the output port high or low during a dc state, but weak in that the 4-kΩ impedance buffer can be easily over-driven by a system driver connected to the A or B port when a bus direction change is desired.


The TXB is designed to connect CMOS devices on the same board. If the (capacitive) load on its outputs is too high, the edge-rate accelerators do not longer work.

If you do not actually need automatic direction sensing, use some other level translator that is unidirectional or has a separate direction control input. (Translation between 3.3 V and 5 V can also be done with simple buffers with TTL-compatible or 5V-tolerant inputs.) Those devices have enough drive strength for longer cables, and their signals can be terminated in the usual ways.