Decoupling capacitors necessary on bench power supply input on PCB?
Adding ceramic and bulk capacitors on your power rails is certainly a good practice. They do very little harm(by increasing the inrush current when you poweron your circuit, and resulting in a very small increase in leakage current via the capacitors).
A well designed power supply system for circuits that demand higher reliability will often do a few tricks, adding decoupling capacitors is certainly one of those. Additionally how you route your vcc and ground track on PCB can also play vital role on reliable performance of microcontrollers(the comparators and other basic logic/analogue chips are usually a bit more forgiving). Fundamentally this is important because a microcontroller that could reset in middle of doing a complex operation sequence could have worrying consequences(but you should generally be ready for that in terms of software anyways.
Depending on how much reliability you would want to achieve, you could use try to minimize the length of tracks for vcc and ground. Use wider tracks whereever possible and try to minimize potential drop in both vcc and ground tracks. If your circuit is spread across multiple boards, it could also make sense to use dedicated buck regulators for each module feedingoff a higher voltage common vcc. If your circuit would deal with higher voltage systems, then your architecture would change even further and you would want modules to be able to feed off isolated supplies optically talking to other modules. Typically if you reach that sort of relaibility expectations, you would want to rely on high performance power supplies and build redundancies.
All that said, for a lab based experimental circuit expected to run no more than the length of the experiment, you are already good.