How can I wirelessly deliver ~30B of data to ~10 peripherals roughly every 50ms?
You could take a look at the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. There are lots of transceivers out there. This would allow you to transmit all device data for all peripherals in one packet every 50ms (on air time for a packet like this will be &lt;1ms). Assuming that you don't need a mesh network, this could work nicely for you and minimize latency.

IEEE 802.15.4 radios use CDMA, so they will not stomp on each other when transmitting in the same RF space.

Without a mesh network, you'd be running a star configuration with the "master" at the center of the hub and your peripherals acting as points on your star.

Good luck - sounds like a fun project.