Altium - Do Schematic Variables Exists?
I do not believe Altium supports this kind of parameterized behavior. As Photon suggested, you can add them to a class or take some other kind of action that will allow you to select them, or use the assembly variant functionality to swap between different value configurations-- but you'll have to assign the part changes individually in each variant.

If you have the components in a database, you could change the value in the database and update the components, but that is probably going to be messy.