Designing voltage to current converter 4-20 mA
in theory it should tolerate up to 1100 ohms, it clearly doesn't


20 mA through 1100 ohms requires a voltage across it of 22 volts - your power supply is only 10 volts so this will never happen. You need to use power rails that are a few volts greater than what is needed at the maximum current and maximum load resistance to accommodate op-amps not being able to drive their outputs to the power rails. Then you need a few volts more to accommodate the voltage dropped across the sense resistor (R3 in the top circuit in your question). Trust in Ohm's law!