PCB design: vcc plane and via limitations
What is the minimum clearance between this vcc via and inner ground plane ?


This depends on the drill registration capability of your vendor, plus a bit of margin.

A typical figure at a shop capable of 0.1/0.1 space/trace and 0.2 mm drills is 0.25-0.3 mm for clearance from the hole to the plane (assuming no pad on the inner layers).

Another common way to deal with it is just include pads on the inner layers, and let the 0.1 mm copper-to-copper clearance, plus the pad annular ring, set the hole-to-plane clearance. Your fab shop might then ask to remove the inner layer pads to reduce drill wear, which I've always allowed them to do without issues.