DS1307 RTC module using without arduino?
Yes that is possible, see this project where they use a DS1307, a display and a PIC microcontroller to make a real time clock.

It should be fairly easy to change the code and make an output drive a relay to switch on/off your lights at certain times.

The Arduino isn't the only microcontroller platform. I fail to see the reason why you cannot use an Arduino if a PIC microcontroller would be allowed. Both platforms are very similar.

If you are not allowed to use any microcontroller or microprocessor then things will be difficult if you insist on using the DS1307. Is using the DS1307 a hard requirement or can a different timer function be used as well?

Edit, seeing your comments, indeed you really do not need to use a DS1307. Actually you're making your life difficult if you just want: "My goal is to every 8 hours turn on circuit for 1minute and turn it off".

In the old days a HEF4060, clocking that from mains 50 Hz and some additional logic was all that's needed to make a ligh timer. Unfortunately designing that seems like a lost art these days.