Power MB102 from a USB port in the computer
The MB102 is a simple set of linear regulators. You can provide power via the DC or Barrel Jack, or via the USB connector. You could also use the 5V pin if you really wanted to. The USB port could also provide power out.



Based on that, you can provide power in via a non-standard usb male A to usb male A connector. (The non-standard cable here is a poor choice though imho.) The 3.3V regulator will then power your ESP board without issue.