Can I high current charge port transfer data at the same time?
This depends on what standard you are using. "High current" can mean quite a few different protocols.

For example, the standard 5V output can go above 500mA whilst also allowing data IF the port is a charging downstream port. Most data lines are not configured as such.



There are many newer standards, such as those above 5V.  

Power Distribution 2.0 called for a BPSK modulated high-voltage negotiation signal to occur on the power pins (not data). This appears to be depreciated in PD 3.0.

Qualcom quick charge uses the data lines for negotiating the voltage, thus only power is available:



This is obviously not an exhaustive list of every protocol, but I have not worked with every single protocol.