Battery-Operated Mobile Charger
To pull together the various responses you've gotten, in comments and in answers:

To charge a LiIon battery directly you need a 3-stage smart charger, as described by others. Failure to charge a LiIon battery correctly can cause it to explode, possibly causing a fire or personal injury. This is not something you want to get wrong.

If the phone will do the actual charging then remove the resistor and your first circuit will work fine as a 5V regulated supply for your phone (although it will waste a lot of power.) If you want to charge a LiIon battery directly, you've got a lot more work to do, and should have an experienced EE check your work before you actually use it on a battery so you don't burn your house down.