USB plug in detection for charging port
Yes, special USB receptacles have been defined within Power Delivery specifications. In version 2.0 an extra special contact was defined, for both USB 2.0 and USB 3.0/3.1 Type-A connectors. They were called "PD Standard A Connector", and there some protocol is defined as well.

In Power Delivery Rev 3.0 all Type-A and Type-B connectors are "depreciated", and the focus now is on Type-C connector.

Going forward, it might be challenging to find the original "PD Standard A Connector" with extra insertion detect contact. Wurth Electronics makes one for USB3, and Assmann, both are still available at Digi-Key.