Video scaling vs Display scaling
What Windows calls "display scaling" or "DPI scaling" is a setting that gets sent to the applications rendering to the display as a hint to encourage them to scale the pixel positions of things drawn in the app. This is to enable the use of small, high DPI screens without icons and text appearing unusably tiny.

https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2015/12/08/display-scaling-in-windows-10/

Monitors can use various scaling algorithms, some of the more expensive ones will offer you a choice.