What microcontrollers with programmable logic built in (FPGA/CPLD like) are available on the market?
Xilinx has FPGAs with PowerPC 440 and 405 hard processors. Actel has FPGAs with ARM Cortex-M3 cores.

Both Xilinx and Altera have IP for soft processors - the MicroBlaze and NIOS II - and there are several similar free processors available on the Open Cores web site.