Why do variable frequency drives (VFDs) need so much information?
The number of poles tells the VFD the divider between electrical and mechanical speed. For example, a two-pole motor runs a bit below 60 RPS at 60Hz, but a four-pole motor only at 30RPS.
The nominal voltage and frequency of the motor tells the VFD about the magnetization of the iron. That one must not be exceeded, because an overexcited motor is a temporary short during each AC cycle. When the VFD has to reduce the frequency to account for lower speed demand, it also has to reduce the voltage so the quotient stays constant. That's why there are special “VFD motors” — they have graciously oversized iron parts.
The nominal current needed is for telling the VFD when to detect the overcurrent situation either through excessive mechanical load or through misinformation about the maximum excitation. It's a safety measure.