Do standard 3.5mm plugs short the terminals when plugging or unplugging?
With the metal-bodied sockets there's a good chance of a momentary short when plugging or removing, especially between the ring (the middle connection) and the sleeve of the jack. There are plastic-bodied sockets where the sleeve connection is a sprung leaf, the same as the ring connection, so these have a much lower chance of shorting, but that depends on the diameter of the insulating ring between segments on the jack - often they're sub-flush, which could still allow a short.

Ideally if you've got both power and signal present on a single connector, you need separate pins. There are thousands of styles available, the DIN connectors have been around for decades, in a number of different sizes and pin configurations, and are fairly cheap.