ADS1115: Protection circuit for ADC input
Any minimization i can do in the circuit or any suggestions?

First, minimize the circuit so I can read it on my laptop: -

Second, the LMx58 might generate anything up to 5 mV input offset voltage and this means immediately that your error budget (if you had one) is being eaten into by 10 mV (two op-amps). This would concern me.
Third, the resistor potential divider (R15/R16) might introduce a 2% gain error if you use 1% resistors so bear this in mind.
Fourthly, the LM358 won't be guaranteed to swing its output any closer to the 12 volt rail than 9 volts so it's a showstopper if you want to produce a 10 volt output from U3.
Fifthly, the LM358 is right on the limit with 10 volts at its input - look up &quot;Input common-mode voltage range&quot; in the data sheet. This applies to U3 and not U1.
Recommendations: -

U3 needs to be an op-amp that is guaranteed to produce at least 10 volts on its output from the 12 volt rail.

I'd use a 5 volt rail-to-rail op-amp for U1 and get rid of D5 and V9 - running from 5 volts means it can't produce excessive voltage into the ADS1115 ADC. Of course you might lose the top 20 mV of voltage span but your first stage buffer loses the equivalent of 0.5 volts due to its output not being guaranteed to rise higher than 9 volts.

Use power supply decoupling capacitors on the op-amps.

Choose op-amps with much, much better input offset voltage specifications and make sure that R15/R16 are precision resistors.

I'd probably consider making the 2nd stage buffer a unity gain sallen key filter to provide better anti-aliasing.