What is the purpose of inserting resistors (diodes?) directly on the path of the VCC and GND lines powering a PCB?
I think they may be inductors - a series inductor and a parallel capacitor across the target chip's power and ground line offer greater power supply rejection (in a lot of cases) compared to just a capacitor and no series component. Care has to be taken though; the series L and parallel capacitor can form a resonant tuned circuit and exaggerate certain frequencies of noise coming from the digital supplies.

Given that this is an TI chip, there may be a kit you can buy from them that uses this part - try looking up the details of the kit to see if you can track down whether these parts are inductors or not.