Can I communicate with any sensor/device using a transceiver if they use the same frequency?
Generally no - you need to match the exact frequency AND modulation (OOK? FSK? QAM?) in order to make sense of the signal.

In practice? Quite often these things use standard modules and you get lucky with it Just Working.

The fully general solution is Software Defined Radio. That genuinely does let you pick up everything in a band and try to make sense of it in software.