How do I know if this is a positive or negative feedback to the op-amp?
The schematic you show can be a bit confusing since they've drawn the entire +5V signal as the upper line, and the ground as the lower line. In this case there is no positive feedback or negative feedback - you've drawn loops but these are not negative/positive feedback loops. The top wire of the schematic is +5V meaning that resistors R3/R9 are just a voltage divider for the output of IC1A, and R14,R10 are a voltage divider for IC1B.