PWM driven bipolar DC motor controller filtered with LC for a peltier element
To a first approximation you should be fine. As long as the inductors have decent frequency response, so you don't get much in the way of current spikes, the capacitor will be OK, and does not need to be a low-ESR type. But a better cap, one specified for use in switching applications, would be good insurance.

But hey, the worst that can happen is the cap blows up. Just put a paper cup over it. These things don't send shrapnel flying when they fail.