preventing blown fuses in simple circuit
Fuses don't protect light bulbs or lamps - they can do this themselves by burning out and then you replace them. In the main, a fuse is there to prevent a fire and this means it protects the wiring from over-heating and melting the insulation and thus causing a fire. 

So, rate your fuse accordingly to protect the wire. If your wire is rated continuously for 10 amps then use a 10 A fuse and it doesn't need to be a quick blow either - anything a little bit over 10 amps might take several minutes to blow but the wire won't have got that hot in that time. 20 amps would probably take the fuse out in about 1 second. Here's an example of a 30 amp fuse: -



And here's another guide that shows the process of selecting the right size cable and providing an adequate fuse (taken from this very good page): -