Cannot have stable 5 V with LM2576
Wire lengths + breadboard!
If you look at the datasheet, chapter 8.2.1, they show that the input and output caps and the diode should be connected at a single point close to the GND pin of the IC.
Looking at your picture, you are using a GND rail, as well as &quot;long&quot; (non negligible inductance) GND wires everywhere.
I strongly suggest that you try to rewire your design on the breadboard trying to minimize as much as possible the usage of wire.
Best would be to solder everything together instead :

dead bug soldering (google it! it's artistic...)
use a perf board   (this is my personal preference)