Inverting buffer with op-amps
No, there is no way to make an inverting buffer with just an op-amp that does not depend on the resistor values. You can get resistors with very fine accuracy and stability (at an equally impressive price) or you can get networks with matched (in value and in temperature coefficient) where the absolute accuracy may not be so impressive but the ratio is tightly controlled. 

There is a way to invert a signal without accurate resistors- the so-called flying capacitor method, but it's fairly complex and resistors are a better solution for most situations down to ppm level accuracy.