pulse resistor : carbon or metal oxide
You mention both voltage and power surges, and refer to several different types of resistors.
Carbon film resistors are not great with handling power surges.
Carbon composition resistors, as one might imagine are much better, but they are scarce these days.
Metal oxide film resistors are often well specified for power surges and for mains use.
Metal film resistors are usually not well suited to power surges.
Voltage surges, insofar as they do not create power surges, are a separate issue, and have more to do with the physical size of the resistor and the details of the film geometry.
Wirewound resistors are probably best suited, especially the ceramic type, however they tend to be bulky, are not available in very high resistance values (the wire gets too thin to be reliable) are generally more expensive, and often have a lot of inductance.