What technology exists that could activate a small circuit upon high acceleration/impact?
WW2 anti aircraft proximity shells solved this by having a glass container of acid that broke when the shell was fired activating the battery, very neat as the shelf line of the battery was a problem, and this solved it by assembling the battery at the time of firing. 

The other nice win was that the time it took for the battery to come up and heat the filaments in the valves (yes they managed to make valve based AA shell fuzes that survived the acceleration), provided range safety because the thing would not become sensitive until a few seconds after launch.

I am sort of wondering about something like this with a zinc/air cell as the battery?