Overclocking an image sensor for higher FPS
In general, image quality will drop rapidly. The sensor circuitry is carefully designed to minimize internal noise and crosstalk, but it is usually optimized for the specified master clock frequency range.

The usual method to get high frame rates on sensors that allow it, is to read out only a tiny portion of the sensor area for each frame. In other words, you can generally directly trade off the number of active pixels for frame rate.

For example, I have recently been working with an IR sensor that can do 1280x1024 frames (1.2 Mpix) at 180 FPS, but it can also do a 64x4 sub-frame (256 pix) at >6 kFPS. Note that the speedup in this case is less than linear, because sensor integration time (for adequate exposure) begins to dominate the frame period (instead of the readout time).