How do 24v or 48v solar/battery inverters provide power for houses that rely on 110v?
The battery system is 24 or 48 volts. The inverter takes in 24 or 48 volts at high current, and converts it to standard AC voltage (110V or 220V) at lower current. That's what the house electronics actually use. ("Inverter" is sort of an informal name for a DC to AC converter.)