Wrong output using SN75HVD10 (RS485)
Unfortunately this is common. RS485 and Modbus standards define the A and B the other way than your tranceiver, and many other tranceivers as well.

So, your schematic must flip A and B somewhere. As Modbus B - tranceiver A should have pull-up, and Modbus A - tranceiver B should have pull-down, the resistors are correct respective to the tranceiver, so only swap Modbus A and B.

The tranceiver also has internal pull-down on B pin, which matches that of Modbus A being pulled down.

So this can't be solved by just inverting the UART data.

You must also share same ground reference between your devices. If they share ground via power supplies or other ground pins, that is fine, but if they are isolated from each other, then you need a ground wire between RS485 device.