Will a parallel capacitor short a resistor?
The GPIO pin of your micro-controller is an high-impedance input. It will allow little to no current to flow through the circuit. On average, the capacitor will not let the current go through either. As drawn, your circuit will only measure the current used to charge or discharge the capacitor, a pulse that will last: $$\tau = R \cdot C = 150 ns$$ (the RC time constant), when the voltage change. To measure the current with M1, you need to add a load to the ground where you connect the GPIO.