How should microphone impedance relate to input impedance?
The microphone has an electret capsule and needs supply voltage (sometimes called bias voltage) of about 2 to 5 volts to work.
Actual microphone inputs on equipment such as mobile phones, PCs, cameras and audio recorders can provide this bias voltage, and sometimes 3.5mm line inputs can be configured to provide mic bias, but XLR ports on equipment like the audio interface simply do not provide mic bias.
XLR inputs can only usually provide phantom power voltage, which is typically 48V, and it is used for powering condenser mics so it is not compatible with electret mics. The phantom power is not needed by dynamic coil mics.
If the XLR to 3.5mm adapter is an ordinary adapter made for simply connecting a line level audio to XLR input, it will not work with the microphone which needs biasing.
A special XLR to 3.5mm adaptor is needed, which contains circuitry to convert the 48V phantom power down to few volts to be suitable for electret mic biasing. And the phantom power must be turned on for the XLR port.