Can signal arrival times be a function of receiver bandwidth?
I think you mean 1 second delay not 1ms. 

Arrival time is governed by the permeability and permittivity of the substance the radio wave travels thru, nothing else. If it travels thru a complex medium of significant width compared to the overall distance then it will slow down and be delayed. For instance, light (RF) takes a lot longer to pass thru water than a vacuum.

Noise has nothing to do with it and why oh why could the receiver's bandwidth be known by the yet-to-arrive radio wave?