Low pass Filter on an Analog Signal
The graph is clearly showing you separate samples in the time domain, not frequency domain.  The X axis is time, and the Y axis is voltage (probably, other parameters, like current could be low pass filtered too, but such signals are overwhelmingly voltage).

The vertical bars below each sample are mostly pointless.  That's just how they decided to draw the graph.  Think of it like a mixture of a bar graph and showing points with circles.

By the way, a simple single-pole digital low pass filter is easily implemented by the algorithm:

&nbsp;&nbsp;FILT &lt;-- FILT + FF(FILT - NEW)

Filt is the single piece of persistant state you need for this filter, and is also the output value after each iteration.  NEW is the new value going into the filter each iteration.  FF is a constant you choose, which sets how much the filter settles towards the new value each iteration.  Notice that when FF is 1, this is really no filter at all since it just passes its input to the output.  The other extreme is when FF is 0, in which case the filter never passes any input to the output.  Useful values are somewhere between.