Clock synchronised to pulse
Maybe industry standard solution exist?


No, because nobody does it that way. As I said, there are DSP techniques for extracting information (such as trigger points) to subsample resolution even when using a continuous asynchronous sampling clock.

For example, suppose you want to know when the signal crosses zero, but none of your samples is exactly zero. But there's going to be a point at which one sample is negative and the next sample is positive. Obviously, the signal crossed zero somewhere in between those samples.

If you draw a straight line between them, it's simple algebra to find the exact time of the zero crossing. You can also use more complex forms of interpolation, but the principle remains the same.

And assuming that the signal is properly bandlimited in the first place, any set of samples, regardless of their phase, contains the same information. It's up to you to pick the analysis technique that extracts the features/parameters that are important to your application.