Power supply capability of the circuit
The current coming from the bridge rectifier will charge all the capacitors equally (until the total voltage is about 282 volts. But the microcontroller only discharges capacitor number 1. An equilibrium will be reached when capacitor 1 is empty, and capacitors 2-10 have about 282 volts in total. Then your microcontroller won't work any more because it has no power.