What types of cables do ferrite beads/chokes have a beneficial effect on?
The purpose of a ferrite bead around a pair of cables is to balance the impedance of unbalanced signals like VGA signals and microphones and more over the spectrum that may cause interference.  By raising the CM impedance the differential impedance remains constant while the percentage of imbalance is reduced.
While not used on most HDMI cables they are implemented on board for HDMI on MOBO’S with tiny SMT CM chokes for the VHF/UHF to GHz range.
Similarly, Ethernet signals use a hybrid transformer to separate full duplex signals which may a CM choke in a Magjack.
Select the optimum impedance matching components in accordance with the frequencies at which noise is a problem, the space, and cost.
CM chokes often serve a bidirectional purpose for both ingress and egress to reduce crosstalk as well as reduce unintended radiation.
The ferrite often is limited in useful range to 2 decades of spectrum, so the type of ferrite ,the size and the number of conductor turns all have an impact on the results.
Ferrite permeability has a wide range so careful selection is required.