Will a light bulb work the same on a car battery?
484 Ω is the correct for R = 220²/100W when hot ~ 2906'K  but at room temp. = 300'K,  R= 24.2 Ω  .
Thus when 12V is applied I ~ 12V/24Ω = 500mA , P= 6W, the filament raises its temp to 348'K R = 77Ω P= 1.87W and the current reduces to 156 mA in 1 second.
Did any parameter exceed spec?

Most likely mechanical shock.

Better question : What is the worst-case surge power at 220Vrms=311Vp if turned on exactly at peak Vac?
: Answer = 1288 W :
So normal worst-case  R ratio was actually 20 = 484 Ω/ 24.2 Ω , but if AC turned on at 0 deg phase the peak power turns out to be much less and rapid rise in R before the peak voltage. In a simulation the peak surge power was only 1/2 of the worst-case at 681 W, based on an assumed thermal rise time of 400 ms.  So the mean surge power ratio is phase-dependent.  Thus we tend to use a mean 10:1 surge power and resistance ratio.
This also explains why so many old bulbs failed during power on by induction as the filament force is proportional to the oscillating current.
Simulation