Old used electronics, can I re-use them for other purposes?
I think it's possible to make this work, but I would throw it away. Buying a new SD card reader is a simpler, cheaper, faster, easier, more reliable solution. Do you really want to reverse engineer that board and spend hours and hours diagnosing and defining the problem? (I wouldn't, but that's just me. I'm sure some people would love this challenge.) That's not even considering the added complexity of the driver issue. You would certainly learn a lot about this technology and the equipment/computer interfaces if you got it to work. You could also learn a lot about other things in the time that you save not fixing it.