How to safely charge a 200v 330uf capacitor?
There is not much that you can supply with this in the supply it came out of it was probably intended to maintain its voltage for about 1/100 second. As a general rule use a resistor to charge or discharge capacitors for a 20V supply 10ohms should do. It will charge in less than one second.  

If you could scavenge or buy a couple of more components say a mains to low voltage transformer and a bridge rectifier or four diodes you could make yourself a DC power supply. There are lots of resources on the internet for this.

Happy experimenting.