What is the use of the capacitors in this schematic?
Based on experience with other devices from the STM32 family I can tell the Vcap is a capacitor used to the internal voltage regulator. This is a mandatory part.

However, the STM32L476RG does not have Vcap pins. But the STM32 families are closely pin compatible. With only a few modifications.

I suspect your example board is suitable for more than only the STM32L476RG, and can also be used for part that do need Vcap. On you're part it's just Vdd/Vss, as for why the jumpers are shorted.

There is also a note on the schematic, mentioning VCAP for the F200 and F429:



F200/F429:VCAP1
F373:SD_VREF+
F373:PB14
F373:PB15
F373:PD8
F030R8/F373:PF6 &amp; F200/F429:VCAP2