Display non search results in Drupal 7
Sure, you can do this with Views.


Build a view that displays your dishes.
Set a FILTER for 'Has taxonomy term', expose it, and use the 'is none of' operator




I made that example using the 'dropdown' option, you may find the 'autocomplete' option more suitable to your needs.  I recommend trying both to see which fits best and allowing multiple values so that people who are allergic to nuts AND gluten can still use it.