Trying to add profile2 fields to user/edit page
I do not think it is an issue regarding with your theme. I have also built a theme from scratch but its showing perfectly up there. You need to change the display settings while you edit your profile type. SO under profile type edit you would find options such as Manage fields, Display fields etc. Under Display fields there would be three tabs just below them...Default, User Account, and Profile Page. By default, the fields which are not required are hidden, you need to change them and then they should show up