Rules triggering rules - how to enforce or disable it
It will not trigger recursively, Rules has inbuilt mechanism to prevent this. if you check the function rules_element_invoke_component you can see this.

function rules_element_invoke_component($arguments, RulesPlugin $element) {
  ....
  // Handle recursion prevention.
  if ($state-&gt;isBlocked($component)) {
     return rules_log('Not evaluating @plugin %label to prevent recursion.',  $replacements, RulesLog::INFO, $component);
  }
  $state-&gt;block($component);
  ....
}