How to exclude multiple nodes based on their ID in taxonomy term view?
Add more than one ID Filter

You can simply solve it by adding as many Content: ID Filters as you need, each excluding only one node. As you already know set the Operator to Is not equal to and enter one value, then add another Content: ID Filter and so on for all the nodes you need to exlude. 

Use Regular expression

Or you can use the Operator Regular expression in a single Content: ID Filter. This way you can use a regex pattern that matches all the ID numbers you want to exclude.

For example the expression (2[45]) matches two numbers, 24 and 25, so those two nodes would be filtered and shown in results. 

In your case you need to exclude some numbers, so you would have to have a regex that excludes. That is a bit out of scope for this question so I won't go into it. There are online regex generators you can use to help you construct the expression, but I expect it would take some time, regex is notorious for being complex and mind-boggling. 

For whole range of numbers take a look at this tool: Regex Numeric Range Generator. Don't forget you need to modify the expression to exclude the list!