How do I translate view's page path alias that has a dynamic path?
Views pages generate routes including route parameters for contextual filters. So you could add for each language a duplicate page, set a language specific path and inherit all other properties from the master display.

But as the routing system is not language specific this has some shortcomings. You get multiple language prefix/route path combination, which is not good for SEO and makes it difficult to build outgoing links.

Language specific path handling is outside of the routing system. The standard tool for this is path aliasing, so you would need to set for each dynamic value and language combination an alias in the lookup table. Don't know if you can generate them with Pathauto, but I wouldn't recommend it anyway in this case, because the path has a clear pattern you can easily transform in a custom path processor to match the internal view's page display route.