How do I use a contextual filter?
After creating a view, you can follow these steps to accomplish what you need:

Add a contextual filter, Search for nid - So you will have Content: Nid.

In When the filter value is NOT available:


Select Provide default value -> Type -> Content ID from URL.
Apply


Add a relationship in your view:


Search for field_associated_resident (your machine name), if there are two things come up. choose the one which says something like this: A bridge to the Content entity that is referencing Content via field_associated_resident (Language can differ).
Check Require this relationship.
Apply


Now go to your field selection, for example, you may want to display title. Add a field title and choose the relation you just created and Save.

To test this, you can use the nid of the Resident profile where you want to display it in the view itself. You should get your expected results there itself.