Pick which fields to use for content
I'm not aware of a simple way to provide checkboxes of what fields you want to show for a node form.

You could probably use Conditional Fields to show 1 field type you create called desired_fields it simply has checkboxes for artist, publisher, performers, band, producer, as they check those boxes you could have a condition in Conditional Fields that Shows the field in the node form.

If you're comfortable coding you could probably have a custom form that gets the choices you want and then shows the form.

Both approaches will get complicated if you have required fields.