How do I alter the Price Component Title in Commerce Userpoints Discount without altering the module?
The implementations of hook_commerce_price_component_type_info() are invoked from commerce_price_component_types(), which uses the following code.

  // If it did not exist, fetch the types now.
  if (!isset($component_types)) {
    // Find components defined by hook_commerce_price_component_type_info().
    $component_types = module_invoke_all('commerce_price_component_type_info');

    // Add default values to the component type definitions.
    foreach ($component_types as $name =&gt; &amp;$component_type) {
      $component_type += array(
        'name' =&gt; $name, 
        'display_title' =&gt; $component_type['title'], 
        'weight' =&gt; 0,
      );
    }

    // Allow the info to be altered by other modules.
    drupal_alter('commerce_price_component_type_info', $component_types);
  }


As with other hooks, if you want to alter what an hook implemented from another module returns, you need to implement an alter hook.

In your case, the code should be similar to the following one.

function my_module_commerce_price_component_type_info_alter(&amp;$component_types) {
  if (isset($component_types['userpoints'])) {
    $component_types['userpoints']['title'] = t('My Userpoints Currency');
    $component_types['userpoints']['display_title'] = t('My Userpoints Currency');
    $component_types['userpoints']['weight'] = 2000;
  }
}


Generally speaking, this is only possible when the module using the hook is also calling drupal_alter(), such as in this case.