Is there a CKeditor / Drupal module that allows for a one-button image upload (without requiring Flash)?
The Insert module should be perfect for this https://www.drupal.org/project/insert


  Insert is a utility that makes inserting images and links to files
  into text areas or WYSIWYGs much easier. It adds a simple
  JavaScript-based button to FileField and ImageField widgets. When used
  with ImageField and ImageCache, images may be inserted into text areas
  with a specific ImageCache preset.
  
  This module was previously known as FileField Insert.