Alter the exposed filters of a view, based on the view result
Since this has gone unanswered, I decided to get creative and it's very easy with Entity Reference, Views Reference Filter and optional Rules.


Add an entity reference field to the content type that will reference its own node. So node/5's field will reference node/5. This can be done with Rules
automatically. Old nodes can be updated with VBO if needed.
In your view, Add > Entity Reference with the exact same filters
etc. That should be automatic. Remove unwanted fields. Save the view.
Go back to your regular view, add an exposed filter (only for that pane) for the entity reference field we just created with (reference filter) written beside it. 
In the exposed filter's settings, choose the Entity Reference view we just created. If it's just using contextual filters, don't worry about sending arguments.


The logic: The view will process the entity reference view first and provide its results to the first view as an exposed filter. I just tested it and it works perfectly. Takes about five minutes.