Can I create a view that combines multiple images from single node with images from other nodes that entity reference the original node?
if you can't get it to work any other way, you could try using Views Field View to combine the two:


  This module allows you to embed a view as a field in a view. A new
  field handler is made available, so this can also be used in area
  (header/footer/empty) handlers as well as rows.
  
  This view handler can accept arguments from fields of the parent view
  using tokens and pass them into the child view for each row. Raw or
  rendered token values can be used, as well as static values.