How to configure drush with Acquia DevDesktop on Windows to access through proxy?
You can follow this tutorial to install drush on windows.
http://www.drupal8.ovh/en/tutoriels/95/install-drush-on-widows

For the proxy you can try:

Controle panel -> System -> Advance settings -> variable -> variable system

PROTOCOLE_proxy  NAME:PASSWORD:HOST:IP

http_proxy http://192.168.100.100:3128

https_proxy http://192.168.100.100:3128

Example from : 
http://www.drupal8.ovh/en/tutoriels/208/internet-access-via-proxy