How to make user's access to nodes depend on the year a node relates to?
Option 1 - Add a field to reflect the year

If you'd add a (select list) field to indicate the year that the basic page relate to, you could use the value of that field with some Rules conditions to perform all sorts of validations to prevent a user creating and/or updating pages for any years you do not want to allow.

The Rules Event would probably be "Before saving content". And the Rules Conditions would simply be (a) "Entity has field" (for this extra field) and (b) "data comparison" (to find out which year the basic page is about).

Option 2 - Use the Group module

You could use the Group module for this. Group allows for creating arbitrary collections of your content and users on your site, and grant access control permissions on those collections. The Group module creates groups as entities, making them fully fieldable, extensible and exportable.

So to answer this question, you'd create a group for each year. For more details about the various roles and permissions, refer to my answer to "What are the various roles supported by the Group module?".

Resources:


Community documentation for the Group module.
Video tutorial "How to use the Group module in Drupal 8 to manage editorial access control to different areas of a web site".


PS: Group is available as of D7, and has a D8 version also.