Path alias tokens and node references
You certainly can. 

You need Entity and Entity Token (comes with Entity module) modules. 

Clear cache after enabling them. The referencing node info will be available to you.  

For the 'referencing' functionality, I use Entity Reference instead of Node Reference which will most probably be deprecated in the near future in favor of Entity Reference.    (but I remember node reference info is also available in Pathauto pattern, you may try yourself)