How to create a "Link posting" system in Drupal 7
Basically, you need a couple of modules to do that. You already mentioned Views to create the list of links.

To set up your content type, you will need the Link module which provides a link field. You can configure it to display two fields, for link title ("My cool site") and link url ("http://www.example.com"). I think that new content types contain a body text field by default, but you can remove that.

I also recommend Automatic Nodetitles in your case. In Drupal, a node is required to have a title, but you probably do not want to expose a title field to the user because the link field already contains a link title. Automatic Nodetitles allows you to hide the title field and populate it with another value, for instance the link title, the link url or even a combination of those two.

I hope that helps - if not, please clarify your question.