Unable to filter Views by a date field in the user profile
To create a view about Users, you start from admin/structure/views/add (of course).

However, below "Description" you need to select what type of data you want to "Show", and then optionally also select a "Type", etc).

By default (when you start creating a new view) it will suggest "Content" as value for "Show". But in your case you should have selected "Users" instead. If you do select "Users", you won't be able to select a "type" anymore. Because of the "... Fields of other types show up normally ..."
in your question I assume you used the default (Content) instead of "Users".

That's possibly the reason why you can't select the user related fields either ... To resolve this, just create a new view about "Users".