Moving data from a Drupal 6 site to a new Drupal 7 site
I think the approach you are looking at is good. You may need to reconsider your requirements slightly.


Move content but not upgrade.
Move some content which is provided by modules (which need to be upgraded).
Move content which is provided by modules but not the modules themselves.
Not use Migrate or table wizard.
Do so in the best way.
Do so in the quickest way.


I think many of these requirements are mutually exclusive. 

The best approach I can see, is to clone your existing site. Turn off everything you don't want in the D7 site. Then consider your upgrade options.

A Drupal install is a complex interaction of code configuration and content. it is difficult to completely consider one without the others. 

update

You could look at migrate Drupal 2 Drupal for migrating your content.