Exposed Filters in Drupal 8
Exposed filters do work in 8.0.2, although there are limits of to how well you can format or alter them.

But you want to do should work fine.  Looking at your uploaded image, though, suggests you don't quite have it configured right for what you want to do.  I'd recommend that you leave "Value" blank, and choose "Contains" as the operator. Under "Advanced", check "Use AJAX". Once you "Apply" to the display, you'll see a preview at the bottom of the view edit window.  If you start typing the name (i.e., title) of one of your nodes, you'll see that the list of nodes at the bottom of the window indeed updates as you type.