How to change the image style used in a field in specific view results?
The bad news is that you can't use that approach anymore. Due to the performance improvements like this one, fields are all rendered via #pre_render callbacks, and run through the same build process as normal entity rendering.

The good news is that hook_entity_display_build_alter() will run, the very same hook that runs for displaying an entity.

Views doesn't pass any additional context to this hook. Depending on how you were deciding which one to alter, you may still be able to accomplish this.