create node with a field and it updates another field in a view, elsewhere on the site
Sounds like you could create a rule where:

Event = Node->After saving new content

Condition = Node->Content is of type (your "certain content type")

Action = Set a data value.
Use the data selector to drill down to the field that your View elsewhere is displaying for location. Hit Continue. Use the data selector to drill down to the field in the recently created content that your user has entered the location data into. Save.