No content but empty row outputted by view
You need to set a filter value on the image field. 

Open your view, then edit as follows:

Enable 'Use Aggregation'.

Make sure that the image field is aggregating on 'Group Result together', using Group column 'Entity ID'. Sometimes views gives an error here, so just remove and re-add the image field with these settings.



Add a Filter criteria using 'field_image:fid', set its aggregation to COUNT, and choose the operator 'Is greater than' with value 0.

You might have to remove all of your sort criteria and re-add them as switching on aggregation mid stream can cause issues with sorting.

Basically, what you have done is to do a count on the image primary key (fid) for each node, and if the count is 0 to exclude the record from the result.

This should work for an image field that has either a single, or multiple values.

I you are uncomfortable working with aggregation, then have a look at the Field Count Formatter module. It adds a views field that simply count the number of values contained in a multi-value field. I would imagine it providing a filter in views as well.