Allow users to upload files and attach to specific nodes
In a word, No. 

At least not the way you are asking the question...

You need to be thinking about node types as well as just A, B, C &amp; D.

I would look into the views module (tutorial here).

This would mean you could upload your files to nodes of a particular type, and then create several views that display different files uploaded based on your custom parameters.

It's a bit hard to be any more specific based on the broadness of your question.