How to get the "label" of "Allowed Values" for a text list programmatically?
Load the field config and look for the key/value pair from the allowed value list?
Much easier though is using the field formatter for this field type OptionsDefaultFormatter:
$build = $user-&gt;field_foo-&gt;view(['type' =&gt; 'list_default']);

What you do with $build depends on the use case. Put it in a render array to be rendered later or
$output = \Drupal::service('renderer')-&gt;renderPlain($build);

if you need it now and can't wait until the page is rendered, for example if you want to send an email.