Render entity fields retrieved by EntityQuery
Fields have a view() method that accept either a view mode or an array with formatter/display settings (same format as stored in a view display config entity or passed to a base field). 

$entity->get('field_date')->view('teaser').

That returns a render array that you can then display.

If you also use #type table then you can make each row a numeric child key and you can directly use the render array.