How to deploy a site with open source?
To migrate your database (including the configuration of the admin interface) from the staging to production server, check out the Backup and Migrate module.

RE: your question about "Open source":

Unless your configuration is something really special, with a specific target audience and use case, it may not be worth your while making your configuration, etc. available for others, but YMMV.

If you want to do this, you should create a Drupal Distribution and release it on Drupal.org/project/distributions along with the 600 or so distributions already available there. Like all other Drupal projects, you use git to interact with the repository, and you also need to be a git-vetted user if you want to create a non-sandbox distribution.

You build a distribution by first exporting its features (including custom cck, templates and Views using the Features module. Then turn this into a distribution using the Profiler library to create an install profile.  Finally, you package the distribution with the Drush Make packager (part of Drush).