Loading of assets via Libraries API
hook_libraries_info is not in core, it is from a contrib module:

Libraries API

This module provides the external libraries. It will be ported to drupal 8 and can be used the same way as in drupal 7.

In drupal 8 the libraries, that are defined in *.libraries.yml are seperate and should not be confused with the external libraries, despite their identical name. They are mainly for js and css packages, that are specific to one module, but can also be used by other modules. They can be a replacement for the external libraries, but do not provide the full functionality.

In the long run composer will probably be the way module developers will go for downloading external libraries. But for now this is an ongoing discussion how this can be implemented.

Your reference to https://www.drupal.org/node/1996238 is a seperate issue about the replacement of hook_library_info() in drupal 8 core. This must not be confused with the external libraries defined in hook_libraries_info().