Drupal workbench for each department
You use Workbench Access and a Roles per department and 1 Marketing Role to make this happen.


  Workbench Access creates editorial access controls based on
  hierarchies. It is an extensible system that supports structures
  created by other Drupal modules.
  
  When creating and editing content, users will be asked to place the
  content in an editorial section. Other users within that section or
  its parents will be able to edit the content. A user may be granted
  editorial rights to a section specific to his account or by his
  assigned role on the site.


So you place Finance Editors (a role) users in the finance section, and Finance Manager(s) in the finance section. And the Marketing role is assigned to the root level section (which implies all subsections -- and secretly adds that role to each section).

So prior to using the site you would have to assign each user into sections of the site, which Workbench has an Administration page for.

Workbench Access provides 2 means to define sections out of the box. A section can be a menu path, or Taxonomy terms. Additionally you can create your own section logic using the supplied API functions of the workbench suite.

Be aware that Workbench only works on Node based content (unless this has since changed since I last checked). So for instance you cannot create Messages and moderate them, messages are (custom) Entities.

EDIT:

I suggest seeing the official linked Documentation of Workbench Access and reading all the info and further 3rd party videos/documentation on that page.