In Drupal 7 Commerce, is there a way to populate an anonymous user's profile billing/shipping address data during checkout?
It sounds like you're wanting to set the default billing / shipping customer profiles for the newly created user to be the ones that were just used in checkout. I don't know if there's a Rules action for that, but if not, that sounds like a good feature request for the Commerce Addressbook module. If there is, then you just need to add a checkout completion rule to make it happen.