How to email the results of a filtered view to a user?
If your view is a page, should be as easy as grabbing the page url when the form gets submitted and based on the url (if statement) you attach a view that has a filter of "X". (slight chance that it is doable with rules and webform module)

If it's a block, gets a bit more complex. You would have to check what the filter is set to using jQuery, and then pass that variable to a custom module when the form is submitted. Then module triggers x function based on the view filter value that sends e-mail with view x.



Actually, an even more simpler option, have a hidden field of checkboxes (hide it with css) on your webform that has a box for each filter. Then with jQuery you can autocheck option x if filter is set to x. 

Now since your webform contains  field of checkboxes with value x, with conditional rules hopefully you can do an if statement on your field of checkboxes and attach view x to your e-mail. (I'm making a lot of assumptions here, as I've never used webform + rules, or maybe I did once... Anyhow, hopefully this will work with Rules)