How to use t() function with node_load in custom drupal module?
Node translation should be done at the node level.  the t() function is for labeling elements of the interface and theme things. 

You should look at multi-language node translation modules,  this link is helpful

You'd first want to use something like this:  https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/modules!translation!translation.module/function/translation_node_get_translations/7

It'll let you get the NIDs of the translated versions of the node you want,  then you can use node_load() to get the translated version.