Views won't handle my pathauto pattern for taxonomy pages
Yes - you're very close on this, but you're right that the pathauto path is not being recognized by views here. To overcome this, you're going to need to add a 'default argument' in your views argument handling code and use PHP code to pass the term id from the end of your string.

It looks like from the version of tokens you are using that you're on Drupal 7 / Views 3, correct? If so, you're going to want to add this under 

Contextual Filters -->
Content: Has taxonomy term ID -->
Provide Default Argument --> 
PHP Code

and then in the php code section add this code:

$path = isset($_GET['q']) ? $_GET['q'] : '';
$path = explode('/', $path);
return $path[3];


This gets the current path as an array and returns the 3rd element, or the TID and passes it to your view.