How to load a taxonomy term with case-sensitive?
To retrieve result with sensitive case, you can use binary in where clause:
Like this sql query. 

SELECT name FROM taxonomy_term_field_data WHERE binary name='test'

For Drupal you can use \Drupal::database()-&gt;select with where conditions take a look here .

Try this:

 $result = \Drupal::database()-&gt;select('taxonomy_term_field_data', 't')
    -&gt;where(
      'binary name = :term_name',
      ['term_name' =&gt; 'test']
    )
    -&gt;fields('t', ['name'])
    -&gt;execute()
    -&gt;fetchAll();