Is there a module for creating images and labelling and placing them in a document?
No such module exists.  The default Article content type in Drupal 7 already has an image field, but not  the fields you request for holding metadata.

However, with Fields in core in Drupal 7, it is trivial to add the required fields to any content type.  If you're not familiar with Fields, you may want to look at this tutorial.

After adding the field for the image itself, and the metadata you want, you may want edit the template for the content type to make sure all the fields are rendered nicely.