drush arr (drush archive-restore) says: Missing required argument: file
drush arr is expecting a site archive file as an argument. Its sibling drush command,drush ard, creates a site archive file. (see the drush codebase for more details on how this command works) The /root/.../drupal/ path is a backup drush creates when you run drush up
The /root/drush-backups/archive-dump/ path matches the format of drush ard's default output but if you didn't create this archive file you should inspect it (tar -tvf) to confirm it has the code/files/DB backup within it.
So yes, drush arr will restore from a site backup but you should take necessary precautions since you've inherited an undocumented process.