How can I set up the media file selector for an image with the image styles in the same row?
You can use the Formatter Field module to choose an image style per entity


  The formatter field module provides a mechanism for specifying a formatter and formatter settings to be used for displaying a field, on a per-entity basis. By default, Drupal provides formatters and settings per entity bundle, but in certain situations it is necessary to choose the formatter at the entity level.


But I don't think anything exists to choose a formatter per delta of a field. You'd probably need to look at coding that one yourself. The Formatter Field module would be a good place to start to get ideas for the code.