How to create a page category of products in Commerce 2?
Unfortunately, this is an issue with Drupal core itself and the Views module.

As you mentioned right now the taxonomy term views in core has Content: has taxonomy term ID which only work with nodes. 

It should be Entity: has taxonomy term ID so it can handle other entities such as Drupal Commerce products

There's an issue in Drupal core/views here that you can read about it, for the time being there's a module that will help you out with this situation.

Commerce: Product taxonomy filter


  The Module extends Taxonomy module from Drupal core and provides a new
  contextual filter "Product has taxonomy term ID (with depth)".


Note that the contexual filter has to know your entity reference machine name