How to make node edit form meta panel accordions default to closed?
There are different approaches to change this behaviour. For instance, you could choose between these two at least:

CSS + JS: using a selector like .layout-region-node-secondary (depending on Theme), you could loop using a jQuery $.each() over the different 'details' and, if you find the 'open' property, remove it.

PHP: Using Hook Event Dispatcher, you could attach to the node alter event and upon firing, you could just alter the form accessing the $form / $form_state variables and removing the CSS from the items you'd like to.