How do I create content of the day/week/month?
Using the Flag module seems like a no brainer to me to get this to work: introduce a global flag that is allowed to be used by your editors to flag relevant articles. Since Flags are fieldable, you could add extra field(s) to such flags to let the flagging user indicate an appropriate start date and end date.

With the above in place, you've reduced your question to creating an appropriate view (using Views) which shows the flagged article(s) for which their flag fields (start / end dates) have appropriate values as compared to the current date.

This solution is "without programming" (as in your question) ...

Ps: I'm assuming this is about D7.