Get a url alias as a field value?
Updated Answer for your Updated Question:

In views you will need to add one of 2 fields.  'Content: Path' is likely the one you are looking for though.  Below is where to find it.

1) First you need to open your view for editing.



2) Next, find "Content: Path" and add it to your view.



3) Side note - If you would like a simple link you can add "Content: Link" in stead.  You also have access to Content: Edit, and Content: Delete among others.





Pre-update: 
I will update this answer if you clarify your question. Specifically what you mean by 'as a field value.'

As I currently understand your question I think this may be what you're looking for.  

I believe you will need to use drupal_lookup_path() to find a path alias.

Example: 

drupal_lookup_path('alias',"node/".$node-&gt;nid);



  Source: Drupal Community Documentation for drupal_lookup_path()
  
  Given an alias, return its Drupal system URL if one exists. Given a
  Drupal system URL return one of its aliases if such a one exists.
  Otherwise, return FALSE.
  
  Parameters
  
  $action One of the following values:
  
  wipe: delete the alias cache. 
  
  alias: return an alias for a given
  Drupal system path (if one exists). 
  
  source: return the Drupal system
  URL for a path alias (if one exists). 
  
  $path The path to investigate
  for corresponding aliases or system URLs.
  
  $path_language Optional language code to search the path with.
  Defaults to the page language. If there's no path defined for that
  language it will search paths without language.
  
  Return value
  
  Either a Drupal system path, an aliased path, or FALSE if no path was
  found.