How can I modify the result of the core Path listing filter?
You can override admin/config/search/path path using hook_menu_alter
and use a custom function as menu callback.

function oyurmodule_menu_alter(&amp;$items) {
  $items['admin/config/search/path']['page callback'] = 'mymodule_custom_path_admin_overview'; 
}


Then your mymodule_custom_path_admin_overview shoud be a copy of path_admin_overview with your needed alterations.

This is not optimal as you should keep your function code in sync with original code, so any patches applied to path_admin_overviewfunction should applied to your altered function, but is the only way you can alter the functionality without hacking core.