How do I customize the location of a webform for a node type?
You were almost there. Use the following code.

&lt;?php print render($content['webform']); ?&gt;


Bear in mind that if you are rendering the webform before the line containing print render($content);, you would need to hide the output of $content['webform'] first, and then render it manually. In this case the code would be similar to the following one.

&lt;?php
// This would go at the beginning of the .tpl.php file, for better readability.
// Hide the webform from rendering, because we will do it manually.
hide($content['webform']);
?&gt;
&lt;div class="content"&gt;&lt;?php print render($content); ?&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="webform"&gt;&lt;?php print render($content['webform']); ?&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


Generally speaking, I think it is a good practice to always hide elements you want to render separately, just in case at some point you move them before the render($content) line.