Custom compound field update hook
I completed this in hook_update_n:

function MODULE_update_7201(&amp;$sandbox) {

  // get all field names
  $field_names = array();
  $fields = field_info_instances('node');
  foreach ($fields as $node) {
    foreach ($node as $node_field =&gt; $field) {
      $field_names[$node_field] = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // load schema to update
  $columns = array();
  MODULE_field_schema($columns);

  // load all fields and check for type
  foreach ($field_names as $field_name =&gt; $junk) {

    // load field info
    $field = field_info_field($field_name);
    if ($field['type'] == FIELD_NAME) {

      // loop schema and check fields for existance
      foreach ($columns as $db_field_name =&gt; $db_field_schema) {
        if (!db_field_exists('field_data_' . $field_name, $field_name . '_' . $db_field_name)) {
          db_add_field('field_data_' . $field_name, $field_name . '_' . $db_field_name, $db_field_schema);
        }
        if (!db_field_exists('field_revision_' . $field_name, $field_name . '_' . $db_field_name)) {
          db_add_field('field_revision_' . $field_name, $field_name . '_' . $db_field_name, $db_field_schema);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}