Exposed date filter doesn't work with 'greater than' or 'less than' and 'is equal to'
A friend of mine helped me out, the problem was me not adding time to the search query. I found this already along the way in finding a solution but I didn't understand it at that moment. Now I do.

By not entering a time in the search field (so searching for 28-02-2018) the search will go to 28-02-2018 00:00:00 which is the same as 27-02-2018 23:59:59.

So what I had to do was search for 28-02-2018 23:59:59 instead, when entering this in the search field, the right items do show.