How do I uninstall and remove Drupal Console from my project?
Drupal Console is not a Drupal module, is a shell for Drupal that is installed as a Composer package. This means it is not installed in Drupal so you don't have to uninstall it.
To remove it simply use composer and update your dependencies:
composer remove drupal/console
composer install

Update
You may also need to remove the Drupal Console Launcher if you have installed it. Drupal Console Launcher is an executable usually installed in your PATH that allows running Drupal Console without writing the complete path.
This process depends on the method used to install it. If you followed standard installation process just remove the launcher deleting it (Keep in mind that Drupal Console is named drupal):
rm /usr/local/bin/drupal

You probably need to be root to do it.
If the launcher is not there try to locate it using whereis:
$ whereis drupal
drupal: /usr/bin/drupal  

Once you locate the file just remove it.