Can drupal be setup for users to interact with and submit suggested changes to an article?
Yes - this is a common use case and is mostly done through adding and configuring  the workflow module and some combination of a moderation module (ex. Moderator or Modr8) to control who has final say over publishing the node.

To add a voting component to this, you would add voting api and then a voting widget (ex. fivestar or vote_up_down) based on what kind of user experience you are looking for. Then when a revision gets a certain number of votes, your moderators could publish the content. If you wanted this to occur automatically, you should take a look at the Rules and Voting Rules modules.