How to translate the Automated Logout module administration?
There IS a Polish translation of the autologout module available. Though it is currently only translated for 42%.

The way I understand (translate???) your question is something like so: How can I show the admin interface for the Automated Logout module in the Polish language?

To answer that question, just swich to the Polish version of your site, and then use the admin link. As an alternative, enable the "language switcher block" so that it is shown within the theme you're using for Administration. Then navigate to anywhere within admin (whatever language), and use the language switcher block to show the admin interface in Polish (for about 42%). If you also want the remaining 58% to be shown translated, then it's up to you to actually add your custom translations of the various missing translations.