Add rules to the email recipients in webforms
What you want to do, certainly cannot be done with just webform.

But you may be able to pull it off when combining Webform with Rules and Webform Rules.

You can add a rule to fire at the event of a webform submission. As condition you will add the nid of the webform so you are sure this specific webform only triggers this workflow. You can also add you own php code as a condition (or no code at all if you are just going to do simple comparisons.). The good thing in this process is that all the submitted data are available through Rules so you can just grab them in your code/conditions to see if the data meet the criteria. If all the conditions are met then you will add an action to send an e-mail to either a specific user or all users of a role.