How to get custom indexed field to show up in view?
It took a while, but I figured the issue out.

You have to set your solr server configuration within Drupal to return fields at /admin/config/search/search-api/server/

Here's the text on that settings page:



"Retrieve result data from Solr: 
When checked, result data will be retrieved directly from the Solr server. This might make item loads unnecessary. Only indexed fields can be retrieved. Note also that the returned field data might not always be correct, due to preprocessing and caching issues."

Basically, if you want to pull data directly out of solr, you have to have this checked.  I don't think you can do this at the view level.