How to pass/link the node id of the result of a view (say, content type A) to another view of content type B, which are referenced in content type A?
You can do this with the help of the Views Field View module by embedding one View display into another. 

In your case you want to have one View showing only the one latest Newspaper, and the other helper Views Display listing Headlines referring to the latest Newspaper that will be embedded into the first Display. 

Here are the steps how to do it: 


Create a Newspaper View
Add Sort criteria "Authored on" (Descending) 
Use pager: Display a specified number of items | 1 item  

You should now have only your latest Newspaper node listed as a result. You don't need any Relationships or Contextual filters here.  
Add a new field Content: ID, Exclude it from display and Rearrange fields so this one is on top 
Create a new Views Display of type Embed in the same Views
Keep the filters (Newspaper) but override the Pager to show all items 
Add a new Field Content: Headline and under Multiple field settings make sure you're NOT using Display all values in the same row, it should not be ticked 
Add a new Contextual filter Content: ID for this display only and configure it:
When the filter value is NOT available
Provide default value
Content ID from URL  

Now if you enter the node ID of the latest Newspaper node into the View Preview argument field you should see a list of Headlines referencing that node. 
Save the View (Important! The next step won't work without it)
Edit the original View Display (from step 1 above) and add a new Field Global: View (Embed a view as a field.)
Under View settings for this field select the View you're currently editing. You may need to Save the View again at this point. 
Then under Display option under it choose Embed and fill in the Contextual filters fields with the node ID token from the Replacement patterns below it. It will probably be something like {{ raw_fields.nid }}  


You should now have a list of the latest Newspaper node with Headlines referring it also listed. 

Even though the View is set to display Newspaper nodes, through the Entity reference field and an ID contextual filter you only see Headlines listed. 

Descendant sorting and pager limited to one is making sure it's related only to the latest Newspaper. 

Using a different View display to show Headline nodes enabled us to list them one Headline per view row. If we did that in the original Display we'd had to list them all on the same row, because if we didn't we might not get all the Headlines listed because of Pager limit. And Headline count per Newspaper probably varies so we can't predict anyway. 

In the end Views Field View enabled us to embed one view into another one and pass argument to it. 

Now repeat all the steps for the Local content type (clone and edit).   

Your original Views Display will probably be Feed, but it would have been too complicated to include it in this explanation.