Views output does not match actual output
I found the answer. Honestly, I was being a derp and a noob. Maybe I just needed time to think about it before posting a question. I will answer it here in case anyone else runs into the same issue. 

Make sure you do not have any other views using the same url pattern!

This is a view I have been trying to make work for a while because I needed to reference two different vocabularies that were attached to the content type: location and department. It proved to be slightly more complicated than a typical view because of the two vocabularies and because of Drupal 8 which I am still getting used to. I forgot to delete or disable the previous view I was trying to figure it out in. When I deleted the old view that didn't work (but used the same url pattern), everything was fine.