How to select by default nodes of a content type in admin/content through a link?
It looks like you're making use of the Admin Views module, so you can add filter options as GET parameters in the URL: http://localhost/admin/content?type=article

You can also make a clone of the content admin view and modify it. This would allow you to set contextual filters, modify the exposed filter fields, or adjust visible columns to make a more targeted content listing.