Equivalent of node_type_get_types()
Node types are (config) entities, so they have the same methods available as others. Specifically, relevant for you, all entities have id() and label() methods:

use Drupal\node\Entity\NodeType;

$options = array();
foreach (NodeType::loadMultiple() as $type) {
  $options[$type-&gt;id()] = $type-&gt;label();
}


Those methods are defined on \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityInterface, you can use them anything that's an entity and that includes almost every type of content and configurable thing, nodes, users, roles, views, image styles, ...