Use hook_views_pre_render() to change field to url link
I have not been able to figure out how to conditionally change field to link using hook_views_pre_render(), but I did figure out how to do it within the Views UI:

Fields->Parent ID->Rewrite results->Override the output of this field with custom text:

{% if parent_type == 'paragraph' %}
&lt;a href="/find-paragraphs?id={{ parent_id }}"&gt;{{ parent_id }}&lt;/a&gt;
{% else %}
&lt;a href="/node/{{ parent_id }}"&gt;{{ parent_id }}&lt;/a&gt;
{% endif %}