Rendering Content Multiple Times in a Node
The display of a label is handled by the Field and not the template. The HTML for the field is passed to the template layer from the field API and the label HTML is lumped in with the field information itself. So basically you cannot alter or move the printing of the label in the template layer of theming. Consider the field data and the field label as one item in templating (i.e. $content['field_name'] contains the field data and label as one. Altering the label display (display label or not, inline, etc.) is done in the field display settings for the content type. The only way to alter the label is to do so at the field display level and again it is passed to the template with the field data as a final product.

Rendering content more than once, yes it can be done.