Is there a module for adding field types for latitude, longitude, compas coordinates, etc?
The Geofield module allows you to store such data:


  Latitude and Longitude Supports entering data as both Decimal Degrees
  (122.340932) and Degrees-Minutes-Seconds (-123° 49' 55.2" W). The
  Degrees-Minutes-Seconds input is very tolerant of inconsistent input.
  
  Bouding Box Four textfields where lat / lon can be entered
  
  Well Known Text (WKT) A textarea for direct WKT input
  
  Draw on an OpenLayers Map Allows drawing of Points, Lines, Polygons
  and Bouding Boxes
  
  HTML5 Geolocation Transparently asks the browser for the user's
  current location. Works great on Chrome and smartphones with GPS.


You can encode data from another field using the Geocoder module as well.