Drupal 7 Webform Components Related To Individual Nodes
I'm not sure what UX you want, but with Fieldgroups webforms can be multi-paged. As of webform 4.x Conditional Fields (on the same page, or across pages) is supported by webform. You can have hidden fields already in webform if you need a simple storage mechanism not seen by users ...

I imagine you could then use webform rules and upon final submission of the webform to examine whatever values have been submitted and use a custom rule to populate an available list of NIDs based on the submitted criteria.

You could maybe use Entity List and nodequeues to solve this:


if component is selected on submission use Entity List X, which references a smart nodequeue to nodes of a certain content type ... etc.