Is it possible to exclude module settings when migrating database?
It probably is possible, but not with Backup and Migrate. BaM only enables you to exclude whole tables, and enabled / disabled status is a row.

Worse, your devel environment contains different set of scripts than production one. This may have various side effects, bugs you will only see after migrating your changes to production. That's exactly what you want to avoid, so consider other options:


Test site in environment that can connect to WWW, either by switching your dev server, or by creating dev/staging machine connected to www-enabled testers' workstations. In this latter case, you will catch if you forgot to enable something.
Store GA JavaScripts on some local place, and use hosts file or local DNS to fake traffic. It would be pretty safe to just make needed JS files available, I nothing changed recently you don't need to care about actually doing anything with data GA is trying to send to Google.