How to query all fields of the node that is tagged with taxonomy term from a specific vocabulary
I think, you should check the field_config table where type = 'taxonomy_term_reference'.
The vocabulary name where the field is referencing to is stored in the data column as BLOB. you can use the unserialize php function to extract the data stored in the BLOB. That's because you can't reach it with a single select query. 

Try using loops and ifs :)