How to use both #anchor and ?destination parameter in a node/edit url?
Page fragment is always passed after the query string. Otherwise, the browser will recognize the query string as part of the fragment.

Here's how your URL should look like:

/node/12364/edit?destination=node/12360#anchor


However, if you were asking how to pass anchor to the destination page, you simply need to use encoded hashtag instead. Here's how the URL should look like in this case:

/node/12364/edit?destination=node/12360%23anchor


%23 is encoded # character. See this page for more info.