How to build a dynamic user-page from LDAP (Active Directory) and show this page after logged in?
After login the user should come to it's own personal page.


Whatever page you want to send the user too (different from the default user profile page) can be achieved by using the Login Destination module:


  The Login Destination module allows you to customize the destination
  that a user is redirected to after logging in, registering to the site
  (7.x), using a one-time login link or logging out (7.x). The
  destination can be an internal page or an external URL. It is possible
  to specify certain conditions like referring pages or user roles and
  make the destination depend upon them. You may use PHP snippets to
  provide custom conditions and destinations. It is also possible to
  keep users on the currently visited page after logging in or out.


Then you said:


  In which he can see his personal data and so on. But how to create a
  dynamic page like a template for this personal page??


You didn't mention if this page should be the user's profile or a different page simply showing all the account details from LDAP (and possibly other pieces of content). You can embed the user profile on any path you want, see similar question(s) and example solutions at:

How to show custom user profile fields in a view?

Or, you can create a View that uses an LDAP Query and simply show information from LDAP on a custom view page, which the ldap module supports. See the LDAP Query documentation.