How to create different Filter Criteria which works indipendently for every views (one is "For All" the other is "For this page")
You can't influence all Views that way at one go, that wouldn't make any sense because you can have various Views types (content, user, taxonomy term). 

What you can have is a Master display within one View that can be used as a template for creating new displays. But that isn't what you're asking for. 

You're asking for partial Filter handling, some Filters applied to all displays, and some Filters overridden for particular displays. But that isn't available AFAICT, at least not without complex code interventions. 

But I think you might be helped with Contextual filters. Usually they are used when you need to Filter according to each taxonomy term, for example. It's tedious to create a new display for each term, instead, you let Drupal calculate that on the fly. 

The same with the Date, you can use a Contextual filter on Authored on field to show only the ones from a particular year. 

Automation is key when dealing with a large number of data. 

Here's a couple of quick tutorials about Contextual filters: Using Drupal Contextual Filters in Views, How to use Contextual Filter in Drupal 8