Extract info from profile insert into node creation
In broad strokes, you could intercept the node edit/add form via hook_form_alter()  to remove the fields from the form and then you could implement their population via the hook_node_presave() to grab all the information from the node owner's profile and save the fields in the new node.

Caveat:  if the user can change this information in his/her profile, it won't automatically update any of the node fields unless you add in that logic as well on the saving of this new information to all the nodes already created.