Upload one image but save/export to multiple formats
If you are on Drupapl 7 then in Admin You would see Image Style. Once you are there you can define different presets such as thumbnail, large, medium etc. There are three predefined presets available. But you can add your own with the dimensions of your choice. Once you set that you can use that where ever you display in the image. 

In views or fields display management with in the content type. 

For advanced filters you should look into the imagecache actions