For settings.php $conf, how can I tell what a variable in Drupal 7 is named in Drupal 8?
Unless the module's documentation tells you the name directly, you'll have to look for it manually.

You can search with drush:

drush config-list (cli)     List config names


Choose one of the names and display its whole content:

drush config-get (cget)     Display a config value, or a whole configuration object.


If you are using a lot of modules, that list may grow fast so you can narrow it down by inspecting the module to get an idea of how its data is structured.

Drupal 8 modules can ship with documentation in a .yml file in their config/install directory, which may include default values for configuration. It seems unlikely there would be a hardcoded default value for the equivalent of the googleanalytics_account variable, but you would at least be able to find the code fetching its value, something like this: \Drupal::config('googleanalytics.account');. *

There's also the new State API, meant to store information which could be different depending on the environment (dev vs production), or any other information you would not want to synchronize with different instances of the same system, like the last time automated jobs ran. If the module uses that, look instead for lines like this: \Drupal::state()-&gt;get('googleanalytics_account'). *

Once you've found what you think may be the correct key name, you can retrieve its current value using drush:

drush state-get key



The names used here are quick guesses based on the Drupal 7 names, the real code may use entirely different names.