Pass Parameters to views via Ajax
You can easily execute and render a view with arguments in a custom module.

I would:

1 - Set up some JS code to trigger an AJAX call to the server

2 - Use hook_menu() to define a custom menu callback on a specific URL, ie: /views/ajax/view_name/view_display/view_arguments

3 - Create your callback function()

4 - Load and render the view with arguments: (this is From Views 2 API):

$view = views_get_view('foobar');  // get the view named `foobar`
$view-&gt;set_display('page_1');  // Set the view display you want to use
$view-&gt;set_arguments(array($foo));  // Pass an array containing one or several variables you want to use as arguments in the view
$result = $view-&gt;render(); // Returns HTML 


5 - Return your result in JSON (practical sometime if you want to pass more information than the view itself). You can use drupal_json_output() in D7.