Text format field missing for minimal installation
Look in the standard profile:

core/profiles/standard/config/install


In comparision the minimal is rather empty:

core/profiles/minimal/config/install


You can take this yml-file for the text format, put it in the sync-folder and import it:

core/profiles/standard/config/install/filter.format.full_html.yml


But probably you need much more configuration, did you consider to start over with the standard profile?