Making a variable in a certain node type and access that variable in another node type
What you are looking for is, basically, Entity Reference, as mentioned by Jimajamma and Bala:


  Provides a field type that can reference arbitrary entities


Just add entity reference field to news and allow artists to be selected. For pictures and songs, use either simply fields in Artist content type, or repeat the process - create content types for them, and add entity reference fields to artist content type.

Now, for display consider Views - it can use entity reference field to show all songs by artist in setup like that. I believe that's the easiest way.