How to print Promoted to front page to new block?
If I understood you correctly, you want to show 10 posts promoted to the front page in a block.

The Views module comes with a "Front page" view. By default, it is disabled, and you need to enable it. Once you did it, you can edit it: Click on edit.



On the next page, click on the "Add" button you see on the top left, and select Block. 



On the next page, select "Access: None" under Block settings. (The link is just the None word.) Change the access to Permission (first page), and View published content (second page). (To pass to the second page, click on Apply.)







Save the view. (The button is on the top.)

On admin/structure/block, select the block you just created, and assign it a region where it should appear. Its name is View: Front page, if you didn't change the default one, which is None.



This is the result.



I changed the access settings because I enabled the view which was not enabled, yet. If you are already using the Front page view is not necessary to change the access settings, if not in the case you want the access settings for the block to be different from the page settings. In this case, be sure to select "This block (override) as in the fourth screenshot.