Get the name of the uploaded file
If you want to get any node data (it loads all fields image or text), you can use node_load function 

function node_load

Load a node object from the database


try from devel/php by loading any node by calling print_r( node_load(1) );

now you able to fetch your uploaded image data from node object.

or

if you want to fetch any node related data while creating node, use form alters &amp; do custom submitting handler 
please refer this link