How can I load custom module JavaScript on content type edit form?
You need to change this line:

$form['#attached']['library'][] = 'exclusive_tabs/cse_banner_header';


to:

$form['#attached']['library'][] = 'exclusive_tabs/exclusive_tabs';


As your library name is exclusive_tabs and not cse_banner_header the correct way is 'your_module/library_name' check Adding stylesheets (CSS) and JavaScript (JS) to a Drupal 8 module.