How to get a view result programmatically without exposed filters respected
Thanks to 4k4 (see comments). The solution is to set some dummy exposed filter data:
  $view = Views::getView($view_id);
  $view-&gt;setDisplay($display_id);
  $view-&gt;setArguments([$politician_id]);
  $view-&gt;setExposedInput([
    'dummy' =&gt; ''
  ]);
  $view-&gt;execute();
  $result = $view-&gt;total_rows;

In this way it works.