How to unpublish or disable webform components without code for d7?
Webform itself offers no UI-based method for disabling/un-publishing components.

Unless you can find something in contrib that can help (or perhaps convince the developer of webform to add it as a feature), you'll need custom code to achieve it.

As an example you may be able to configure Webform Conditional to disable fields unconditionally, or based on a contrived condition, to simulate the effect. But it wasn't necessarily built for the purpose you need.