Render database values using 'markup tags' other than 'table tags'
As you do not like table.html.twig, I suggest to write your own table theme. As a reference, you can look how this is done for field_ui_table in core.

Or you use inline_template:

$content['table'] = [
   '#type' =&gt; 'inline_template',
   '#template' =&gt; '{%- for row_value in row -%}&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class="blue"&gt; time &lt;/span&gt;{{ row_value }}&lt;/p&gt;{%- endfor -%}',
   '#context' =&gt; ['row' =&gt; $row],
 ];