How to render a view programmatically and set as node field?
Because your variable reference is incorrect. It should be:

{{ embedded_view }}


Since you added it to the $variables array as $variables['embedded_view'].

As an alternative you can get the Twig Tweak module. Example on the docs page:

{# You can pass arguments to the view if needed. #}
  &lt;dt&gt;View:&lt;/dt&gt;
  &lt;dd&gt;{{ drupal_view('view_name', 'page_1') }}&lt;/dd&gt;