Filtering Taxonomy term descriptions in Views
Create a block view of Taxonomy terms from your desired vocabulary. 
Add a Contextual Filter (Taxonomy term: Term ID)
Check "Provide Default Value"
Select "Taxonomy term ID from URL" from the dropdown.
Check "Load default filter from node page, that's good for related taxonomy blocks"
Check "Limit terms by vocabulary"
Select your vocabulary ("Remarque prix" if I understood your question properly).
Add the Taxonomy Term name and description fields.


Now you simply add the block to your product pages (easiest is just using Drupal's blocks, but you may have a different way you want to handle this.

Appendix

It doesn't matter if your taxonomy term ID is visible in the URL or not, Drupal understands and will acquire it.

Note: If I understand you context accurately, it seems as if your content type for Product has a 1:1 ratio with your SKU vocabulary. At this point, I would consider whether it's actually necessary to have that vocabulary. Generally vocabularies are best used to group content similar in some ways (i.e. the same taxonomy term is used in multiple places). It might be better to make this a text field on the content type rather than a separate vocabulary. But I also don't know your exact situation, you may have good reason for doing it that way. Just some food for though.