different sidebars for different taxonomy vocabularies
If you have pathauto installed then go to the admin/config/search/path/patterns (You find this when in the URL Aliases in the Admin, There would we tab named as Patters)

There you can define a pattern for each vocabulary. Set different url patterns for each of the vocabulary and then you should be able to use than in the block configuration.

Please note that you would have to do bulk update on taxonomy before the urls can take effect on existing terms. 

OR 

You could use the context module with has much more control over what to display. You can create a context of the type Taxonomy Term and select the vocabularies you want the block to be shown when that condition is true display the required blocks.