Using a Views Output as Options in a Webform in Drupal 7?
I'm a big fan of webform, but in this use case, I would probably use Entity Form and References instead.

Install both modules, and create your entity form.

Add a node reference field. On the field settings, narrow the results by content type "article".

Note, this would show all articles. If you were hoping to narrow down your results using views filters, you might want to investigate the sandbox project that Volker suggested.

Update: The References module allows you to use a view as a list of referenced nodes. This is very useful for drilling your results down to the exact nodes you want to show.