Table Pager Rendered in an Ajax Callback Shows White Page
This sounds like a known bug in core:

Pager, tablesort links in a form point to system/ajax when reloaded via AJAX
https://www.drupal.org/node/1181370

Someone has offered up a "quick fix" in comment #22:


  As a quick fix I overrode theme_pager_link() to set the url of my AJAX-loaded pager to the page url instead of $_GET['q'] (which was system/ajax).


[Edit...]

I haven't tested this, but give it a try:


In your callback function, save the current path in a session variable:


$_SESSION['page_path'] = current_path();


Copy and paste this function into your *.module file:


/** 
 * Implements hook_theme_registry_alter().
 */ 
function YOUR_MODULE_NAME_theme_registry_alter(&$theme_registry) { 
  $theme_registry['pager_link']['theme path'] = drupal_get_path('module', 'YOUR_MODULE_NAME'); 
  $theme_registry['pager_link']['function'] = 'YOUR_MODULE_NAME_pager_link'; 
}



Copy the theme_pager_link() function into your *.module file.
Rename the function YOUR_MODULE_NAME_pager_link.
In the function, replace the following line:


$attributes['href'] = url($_GET['q'], array('query' => $query));


with:

if (isset($_SESSION['page_path'])) {
  $attributes['href'] = url($_SESSION['page_path'], array('query' =&gt; $query));
} 
else {
  $attributes['href'] = url($_GET['q'], array('query' =&gt; $query));
}



Clear the caches.