How can I setup a template for displaying all nodes of a given type?
You can create your content type and add fields to it to create sorting criteria.  

Use taxonomy to define a vocabulary to plug into your content field.

Use pathauto to set up custom URL alias paths for your content.

Define a view to read your fields, filter all content to find what you want, sort and display it.  YOu can refine your searches using contextual filters, that will read the URL and extract information from it.

Sounds simple enough, but if you are unfamiliar with the modules it takes a bit of work to master them.