Cannot get articles or custom content types to load on front page
By default, in a fresh Drupal 8 installation, your homepage is populated by the frontpage view. Make sure that your homepage URL under admin/config/system/site-information is /node. That is the default URI of the frontpage  view.

You can find the definition of that view under admin/structure/views/view/frontpage.

If you need a guide about the Views module, you can find it on Chapter 9. Creating Listings with Views.