duplicate all instances of a term
I'm not sure I'm understanding this well, but perhaps you could create a new Content Type that holds all the career information that's common to all campuses. Then create a Content Type for each campus that has an Entity Reference field with unlimited cardinality (meaning that it allows you to have references to an unlimited number of careers). You can then create Views of campuses OR of careers with a relationship to the other Content Type, which will allow you to display the other Content Type fields in your table or list of nodes.