Twig error "Uknown image_style filter", but the filter isn't missing
The error message isn't complaining about a missing Drupal image style - it's complaining about a missing Twig filter named image_style.

That filter doesn't exist in Twig/Drupal core, but it does exist in the Twig Tweak module. Make sure that module is available and installed, and the error should disappear.

If you've never had Twig Tweak installed then it's probably custom. In that case search your codebase for Twig_SimpleFilter('image_style' and you should find the culprit.