From where drupal get the template? if i don't have one
The variables for which you get those errors are the variables that Drupal uses to output the default regions a Drupal 7 theme should have, which are the following one.

regions[header] = Header
regions[highlighted] = Highlighted
regions[help] = Help
regions[content] = Content
regions[sidebar_first] = Left sidebar
regions[sidebar_second] = Right sidebar
regions[footer] = Footer


The template.php file is not a template file; it's the file containing functions template files use. 

When your theme doesn't define a template file, Drupal uses the one defined from the module implementing the theme function. For example, the Node module defines theme_node(); if your theme doesn't have the template file used by that theme function (node.tpl.php), Drupal will use the template file that is in modules/node/node.tpl.php.