For multilingual sites, where are translated variables for the non-default language stored?
Please refer to this I18n translation of site_name not working

You need to enable 'Variable translation', 'Variable store' modules. Then you need to specify which variables you want to translate from Configuration -> Multilingual settings -> Variables. With this you would be able to translate your Site Information variables in different languages.

Now in Features, you can export translated variables from the section 'REALM VARIABLES'.