Rules: save a node but not "fire" a rule that create a loop
Edit: I misread the question but this might be beneficial anyway. Not sure if you're using saving or updating and what you mean by arguments.

You need a Boolean field in your content type that you set to true in the actions of your rule. Then add a condition that if the Boolean is true, the rule doesn't fire repeatably. 

You could also skip the extra field and add a condition that one of the fields you set is empty.

If you can't access the fields, you need to add an "entity has field" condition.