Drupal 7 Field Performance
Answer really depends on your database backend. If you're using something like MySQL 5.6 or MariaDB 5.5 I would say probably not http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2012/04/04/join-optimizations-in-mysql-5-6-and-mariadb-5-5/. If you're using a different database backend, it will be hard to tell without testing.

If using something like MongoDB for the field backend then it shouldn't cause any performance issues.

If you don't want to go with MongoDB or bleeding edge MySQL you can also look into using something like the Entity Cache if you find that all the fields is causing performance issues.