Save button missing from content type edit form
The problem was the i18n synchronize translations module. Disabling it fixed the problem. Of I have to immediately re-enable it afterwards since I actually use this module. So I filed an issue: http://drupal.org/node/2004260. Thanks to Ayesh K who gave me the idea in his comment on my question. Since it's not an answer I can't mark it correct, so I'm just answering here and will mark this correct.