How to export content type with scheduler's settings using features
In addition to exporting "Content types", "Field bases" and "Field instances" you should also export all variables named "scheduler_*_[name of the content type]".

To be able to export variables Strongarm module should be installed.
Then on "Create Feature" page you will see section as on this screenshot.



BTW, lot of modules that extend content types save their configuration the same way, so you need include such variables in the the content type feature.