Creating a block in own module
I think you do it  in  the right way, but instead of using this

$block['content'] = '&lt;a href="/node/add/' . variable_get('content_type', false) . '"&gt;Добавить ' . variable_get('content_type_name', false) . '&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;';
$block['content'] .= '&lt;a href="/logout"&gt;Выход&lt;/a&gt;';


you should use l function 


  This function correctly handles aliased paths, and adds an 'active'
  class attribute to links that point to the current page (for theming),
  so all internal links output by modules should be generated by this
  function if possible.


like this:

$block['content'] .= l(t('Выход'), '/logout');