Make the Main Menu have dynamic links based on url
3 (updated) options (or a combination thereof) for you to consider:


The drupal module Menu Token provides the ability to put variables in your menu options -- and used in conjunction with your existing context filtered views, may work for you if it allows you to construct the menu options you need based on other tokens that it makes available to you.
The other option is to consider an alternative approach (sorry! :) ). This would be faceted filtering. Follow the tutorials here: http://webwash.net/tutorials/intro-search-api-part-1-how-create-search-pages
This is possible on even the most modest of hosting as it does not require Solr (but it can use it if you need that functionality later).
(added in update) Drupal module Menu Trail By Path


I think option 1 (perhaps in conjunction with option 3) might be the closest to what you are looking for though.