How can I create a View to give me a list of nodes that share a nodereference with the User's profile?
did something similar using panels and view panes. Without panels I'm not sure how I would approach it. You can create a view that lists all the content nodes. then create a display of that view that is a "content pane" (requires panels). Go into advanced, and create a "contextual filter" based on the criteria you want (in your case it would be your node reference to the company). Then click "argument input" under pane settings. you should now be able to add this pane to a panel and pass it the correct argument. I know it's a little confusing written out .... but with this setup you could for instance make a panel that shows the user, the users company, and a list of the content nodes owned by that company.

I've posted this a couple times here, only because it really helped me understand contextual filters and how you can build some pretty awesome things just using them with views and panels

http://dev.nodeone.se/en/learn-page-manager-part-5-views-content-panes-basics