How to get Taxonomy Term Field Value in twig
To get the url of your term reference image inside the node twig try:

node.field_color_term.0.entity.field_color_image.entity.uri.0.value 


Change field_color_term by your field name.

There is another way by configuring the display of your content type and your term like the following:


Content type display should be like 

Taxonomy term display should be like 



After this configuration you can render your field type of Taxonomy term, it will show the image:

{{ content.field_YOURFIELDNAME }}