Binary pairings that haven't been discovered yet?
As far as I am aware, there are no known examples of black hole+neutron star (BHNS) binaries (e.g. this paper from 2018 notes that "No BHNS binaries (BHNSs) have been discovered so far by radio surveys"). BHNS mergers should be observable with gravitational wave astronomy, so this situation may not last for too much longer. There is a report of a possible BHNS merger detected by LIGO and Virgo (event S190426c). This event has yet to be confirmed, follow-up searches by Hosseinzadeh et al. (2019) and Goldstein et al. (2019) for transients have failed to find a counterpart to the event.

Binaries containing an sdB star and a neutron star have also not been found, though theoretical models predict they should exist in our galaxy (Wu et al., 2019). Sufficiently close sdB+NS binaries should be strong gravitational wave sources, so LISA may discover them.

Depending on how you want to define various "types" of star, you can probably come up with more examples. For example, there is the concept of singleton stars which have never been members of binary systems or had close encounters with other stars, which by definition have not been found in binary pairings.

There are also some weird categories of objects with few known members. For example there are the LP&nbsp;40-365 stars, which are runaway stars with atmospheres dominated by oxygen and neon, likely the partially-burnt remnants of peculiar type Iax supernovae. None of the four known examples of this class are binary systems, plus the circumstances that lead to their creation makes it seem fairly unlikely that we'll find one in a binary.