Why aren't corrector plates aligned with the center of curvature in an SCT?
In a schmidt camera, the corrector is placed at the centre of curvature, which is at a distance of twice the focal length from the primary mirror, and minimizes aberrations such as coma and astigmatism.  This makes for relatively long telescopes, particularly with large primary mirrors.

The sct design is similar, in that it uses a corrector plate, but this (along with the secondary mirror) is placed slightly closer to the primary mirror than its focal length.  This design allows much more compact telescopes, but at the expense of more aberrations.  As with most if not all optical designs, it is a compromise.