Can an Earth-like planet survive if our Sun went Supernova?
One way of estimating this is to look at how much energy could be received by the planet. At distance $d$ it takes up $r^2/4 d^2$ of the sky as seen by the supernova. So for a $10^{44}$ J blast that is about  $4.5444\times 10^{34}$ J. 

The gravitational binding energy of Earth is about $2\times 10^{32}$ J. So we have about 227 times as much energy as is needed to separate all pieces of the planet to infinity. It is also a few thousand times the energy needed to heat up an Earth-mass of iron from 0K to vaporisation. So, yes, it looks like it could well obliterate the planet. 

Whether it actually does so is a complex question of how protected the evaporating planet is by its plasma sheath during the explosion. Given that actual terrestrial exoplanets in close orbits at 2000K may lose an Earth mass per gigayear it looks plausible that at least slower scenarios can vaporise planets.