How can I calculate the apparent position of stars as seen from a location on Earth at a specific time?
There is doubtless a way to do it in AstroPy, but in case you’re interested, the Skyfield library both supports the operations of loading the Hipparcos catalog and computing apparent coordinates. Here is its overall guide to positions, with running examples in the text:
https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/stars.html
And here's a more elaborate and realistic example star plot, using the stereographic projection, which is my favorite when doing astronomical work:
https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/example-plots.html#drawing-a-finder-chart-for-comet-neowise
In Skyfield you will account for location and time of year by using a specific time and location when generating your apparent positions, a maneuver that's included in this example:
https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/examples.html#at-what-angle-in-the-sky-is-the-crescent-moon