Is there any star recognition framework/library available?
As I do not want to reinvent the wheel, is there any star recognition
  framework that you've heard of? Preferably open source, the language
  is of marginal importance as long as I can get the relevant data in
  and out. I'm thinking of something that I can feed with an image file
  and get back an array with the recognized objects with their x/y
  locations within the image.


I'd take a look at the astrometry service. You can upload a picture to their site and receive an astrometric labeled overlay. They do have an API. I'm not sure if an array output option is builtin, but I have a feeling it's doable within what they're offering.