What determines if a comet's debris will produce periodic meteor showers?
Meteor showers tend to be formed from dust from short period comets.  As they swing repeatedly around the sun, they build up a stream of dust in orbits close to their own orbit. Some will be pushed slightly off the comet's orbit and end up orbiting faster or slower than the comet, and eventually the stream of dust will go all around the sun.
The other thing that there needs to be to get a meteor shower is a comet whose orbit is close to crossing the Earth's orbit. Comet Swift-Tuttle is one such body. Its orbit passes only 130,000 km from the Earths orbit (close enough that there was at one point some concern that it could collide with the Earth in the future. This has now been ruled out for the next two thousand years).
Neowise will release dust, but most of that dust will still be near the comet now and it will continue to orbit with the comet. So that dust will be leaving the inner solar system and will become too spread out to cause a significant meteor shower by the time it returns in several thousand years. Neowise doesn't approach the sun often enough to build up a significant stream of dust particles.
So to summarize it's not really the comet's tail intersecting the Earth's orbit that leads to showers but the debris stream built up along the comet's orbit as it repeatedly goes around the Sun. In long-period comets the debris stream is spread out too much along the orbit to produce a significant stream but short-period comets can produce a significant stream leading to showers.