Is there an element of chance/chaos in stellar evolution?
If you want to go into truly random stuff, you should look into quantum. The internal processes inside a star are not random, however they are bviously undetectable. Some factors other than mass and metallicity are temperature of the original dust cloud, or angular velocity. The temperature obviously affects the brightness, while the angular velocity will affect the gravity. I am not an expert, but I'd assume that any minor perturbation inside the star could cause a butterfly effect and result in, say, solar flares, so on average there would be stars who would be losing more mass than others with no  particular reason.
I assume there would be other factors linked with more complicated physics, too.