Categorization studies with a procedure similar to Shepard et al (1961) and Medin & Schaffer (1978)
You've described a very general type of study design which has probably been employed in hundreds of studies or more. Your question might profit from a more specific description of the type of study you're looking for.

A few examples that fit the bill just off the top of my head are:

Goldstone (1996) Isolated and interrelated concepts

Zaki and Homa (1999) Concepts and transformational knowledge

Kornell and Bjork (2008) Learning concepts and categories: is spacing the "enemy of induction"?