Could neuroscientific knowledge and techiques be used to optimise peoples' education and learning?
There is an emerging trend in cognitive science called neuroeducation - the wikipedia page is of interest, especially the section "Neuroscience and education: A bridge too far" (I removed the question mark).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_neuroscience

Another thought that came while reading your interesting question. It is about the desire to enhance the human mind, a desire that we find for example in the "transhumanism" movement (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transhumanism). If I understand the role of cognitive science as a science to describe how the mind works, I have a hard time thinking about it as a science that aim at modifying how the brain works. Cognitive science would not be a science anymore, but a technology.