What is a good example of a psychological theory that became formalized into neural and computational terms?
Check out all of the videos in this playlist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrppe54fixc&amp;list=PL1hKzFfV5qJlVTjD8XWzyiaHxBZZ7iWs9&amp;index=3

The particular video I linked gives the example of the "Papez circuit".  Other interviewees mention other examples as well.