Is there a canonical reference for behavioral, attentional, and memory tests?
I'm not aware of a comprehensive resource that details all of this information for all of these tests. A simple solution would be to find a specific reference for each of the tests you're interested in. 

A good place to start looking for these references might be The Cognitive Atlas, which has a Tasks section. For example, the page about Digit/Symbol coding test gives some information about the task, what it measures, and relevant bibliography.

For the Attentional Network Test the canonical reference is probably the paper that introduced it:


Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, M., &amp; Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks.
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 340–347. PDF


Visual analog scale, as far as I know, is not a specific test, but rather a methodology of presenting a visual scale to which the participants compare something (usually something 'subjective' like pain).