Matching patterns in auditory signals
I don't know if there is a name to this type of experiment, but this basically sounds like a test of recognition memory.

The features that subjects focus on would depend entirely on the task. If you ask them to match volume, they would pay attention to volume. If you ask them to detect a frequency match, they'll focus on pitch. If you run an experiment without specifying a feature, humans generally tend to weight the different features according to their reliability (signal-to-noise ratio). So if pitch is more informative in detecting a match, they would focus largely on pitch.

For example: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1026557704054