Does psychology have a name for emotions that a person can feel but cannot name?
The term used for recognizing emotions is affect labeling (also know as emotions labelling). The act of labelling an emotion requires similar cognitive mechanisms used for labelling a cat or a dog (Concept). Like any other concept learning, affect labeling requires training and experience.

Labelling emotions is very importand beacuse it can help regulate emotions effectively. 


  This impoverished emotional labeling is, in turn, associated with
  deficits regulating those emotions (see Vine &amp; Aldao, 2014). In other
  words, the less aware we are of our emotions, the less likely we are
  to figure out how to best regulate them.


In this article you can find some practical advice how to better understand your emotions.