littering more often in dirty places?
Tragedy of the commons is an economic theory (specifically game theory) that considers both littering and crime.
See:

Pires, S.F., Moreto, W.D. Preventing Wildlife Crimes: Solutions That Can Overcome the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’. Eur J Crim Policy Res 17, 101–123 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-011-9141-3

Cataldi, J. (2019), The Commons: Separating Tragedy and Triumph at a City Park. City &amp; Community, 18: 88-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12360