Could the knowledge of the construct of self-efficacy affect the student's aptitude to a certain task?
Bandura and Cervone (1983) posit: "Those who have a low sense of self-efficacy may be easily discouraged by failure, whereas those who are assured of their capabilities for goal attainment intensify their efforts when their performances fall short and persist until they succeed" (p. 1018). The same paper also provides empirical evidence for this claim. 

Accordingly, the answer to your question is yes. However, it seems more appropriate to speak of "sense" instead of "knowledge" when referring to the self-efficacy. 

References

Bandura, A., &amp; Cervone, D. (1983). Self-evaluative and self-efficacy mechanisms governing the motivational effects of goal systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(5), 1017–1028. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.5.1017