What does the visual feed from the retina look like before it is processed by the visual cortex?
There is a LOT more to "your eye doesn't 'see' images, your brain reconstructs them" then what is shown in that picture.  After the image is flipped and distorted, contrast information at various scales is extracted and pretty much everything else is thrown away.  Here is a simulation of that:



This information is then used to build up progressively more complex and abstract representations of the visual scene.

I found a video showing a simulation of how this edge detection works, but it doesn't appear to include the distortion and receptive field sizes.  I haven't been able to find a video that combined everything.