How to link GDC ids to CCLE cell line names?
The filenames of those bams contain the cell line names. They are constructed:

SAMPLEID.CELL_LINE_NAME.REPLICATE.bam

Thus the first 5 cell lines in your screen capture are SK-N-F1, TE-9, CJM, HCI-H1915 and CAL-33. 

All the information that is need is also present in the experimental metadata xml file attached to each sample record. This is accessible by downloading it from the record on the website, or by querying the GDC metadata API (https://gdc.cancer.gov/developers/gdc-application-programming-interface-api).