Scooping and GeneMatcher
I am having trouble finding anything that directly addresses the issue of failed collaborations leading to scooping, but here are some examples of similar behavior:

it is sort of implicit in the discussion here.

This question on academia SE is related but not exactly right.

There are some related stories here.

Here is an article about plagiarism among collaborators, which is quite similar.

I feel like a lot of the discourse around preprinting etc. is similar but again not quite there.


As for punishment, that sounds hard. Scooping is sort of built into science; fighting over precedence is a big deal and has been for a long time. My solution would be to get rid of current academic publication and have everyone's open digital lab notebooks streaming results to publication feeds in real time; that way there's no ambiguity. Preprints and micropublications are sort of a poor man's version of this.
This is not a very complete answer but there may be enough there to help.