Solutions for managing data in a small bioinformatics / 'omics lab?
I don't know of any prebuilt products, but I can describe how we managed this in my postdoc lab, and how I plan to manage it in my newly-started group. 

Rule 1: All work happens in the projects project directory on the central 
filestore, not on your desktop or laptop.

Rule 2: Heavy computational work is done by the groups standard analysis pipelines. Interpretation is done in jupyter notebooks or Rmarkdown.

A project has a directory on the group's filestore. That directory has a fixed structure:

proj001----raw_data             *
       |
        --external_datasets
       |
        --src                  *
       |
        --notebooks            *
       |
        --pipeline1
       |
        --pipeline2
       | 
        -- etc
 * link to a seperate, backed up filesystem.


Pipelines are where heavy duty analysis happens and everyone uses the same standard pipelines, producing the same standard output files and database structure. 

So common pipelines might be the mapping pipeline, the readqc pipeline, the differential expression pipeline, the exome pipeline, the chip-seq pipeline etc...

Pipelines have three important outputs: an automatically generated html report, an sqlite database and files in the export directory. 

When we archive a project, this is what we save, along with the pipeline's configuration file and log file. 

So if I know that Jane Bloggs did an RNAseq 5 years ago on a cell type i'm interested in, if I konw that that was project 5, I know that in the project 5 directory there will be a diff_expression_pipeline directory, and that it will contain an sqlite database called csvdb and that that will have a table called refcoding_deseq_gene_diff and that table will follow a known format. There will be bigwigs in the export directory. Or the BAMs will be in the mapping_pipeline directory. 

Of course the problem remains knowing that Jane Bloggs did this RNAseq and what the project was called. We use a Wiki for this, but its not ideal.