FASTA and PDB: How to specify chain?
The NCBI BLAST can be used with the PDB DB (which NCBI has). The PDB codes are stored as 4 letter codes underscore chain, e.g. 1GFL_B. The catch is segment identifiers —but generally they are the same peptide so shouldn't be an issue.
You can search specifically the PDB DB in NCBI (not the RCSB PDB) by setting the database to PDB.